D386 Hardware and Operating Systems Essentials – PA 2025-2026 (154 actual and answer) Western Govern

D386 Hardware and Operating Systems Essentials – PA 2025-2026 (154 actual and answer) Western Governors University

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Agility

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2 of 154 Term

Which type of virus intends to make itself difficult to detect or analyze?

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Trojan horse

Armored virus

Logic bomb

Rootkit

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3 of 154 Term

Which service or role is an example of a use case for containers?

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Monoliths

Leased Lines

Microservices

Web Services

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4 of 154 Term

Which connection-oriented protocol can be used to set up a secure session for remote logins?

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Remote desktop protocol (rdp)

Secure shell (SSH)

Network time protocol (ntp)

File transfer protocol (FTP)

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5 of 154 Term

What is the main protocol at the internet layer of the TCP/IP layer and also considered the workhorse of the TCP/IP?

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DRAM

High-end CPU

IP

Volatility

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6 of 154 Term

Which database is the best option for storing data in RAM when creating a back-end stack?

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Cassandra

LAN

Redis

Apache

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7 of 154 Term

Which type of non-functional requirement (NFR) ensures that an updated database can return back in the event of update failures?

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Security

Reliability

Flexibility

Validity

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8 of 154 Term

Which type of non-functional requirement (NFR) deals with how well a system and its data are protected against attacks?

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Security

Transport

Privacy

Performance

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9 of 154 Term

What is the primary function of the file system interface?

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To manage system hardware resources

To control network communication protocols

To provide a way for the system to access and use files

To monitor CPU performance

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10 of 154 Term

Which system hardening technique involves securing a data-based system's ports, data, permissions, and functions?

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Cloud computing

Wear leveling

Database hardening

Server hardening

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11 of 154 Term

What is the correct network structure for local building connectivity?

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WAN

LAN

HUB

RAM

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12 of 154 Term

What is a fundamental building block of an operating system that keeps track of each process in memory, including whether to run it or wait for some event?

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Process control management

Scheduling and dispatch

Secondary storage management

Load balancing

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13 of 154 Term

A client recently experienced a hard drive failure and lost stored data. The client does not want to rely on a backup but does want to secure their data. Which RAID configuration does this client need?

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RAID 0

RAID 10

RAID 5

RAID 1

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14 of 154 Term

Which type of memory packaging can support quad, triple, and dual channels?

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DDR4 SODIMM

DDR5 DIMM

DDR2 SODIMM

DDR3 DIMM

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15 of 154 Term

A hiring manager is interviewing a candidate to be part of a frontend development team. Which skill would be relevant to their job function?

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PowerShell

TypeScript

Refresh Signal

Read( )

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16 of 154 Term

What is the security device that protects a network from hackers and can also simultaneously prevent computers within the network from accessing undesirable content on the internet?

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Antivirus

Server

Firewall

Router

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17 of 154 Term

Which network resources can be on the cloud or over the internet?

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Applications Disk storage

Security

Breakpoints

Network operating system (NOS)

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18 of 154 Term

Which port number does the secure shell (SSH) protocol use?

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22

JS

React

SCSI

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19 of 154 Term

Which virtual machine tool involves testing out an application where files are not saved to the drive or memory and never affect the physical machine?

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Virtual sandbox

Virtual nic

Virtual RAM

Virtual desktop

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20 of 154 Term

Which malware program can replicate quickly and spread from one computer to another by itself?

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Trojan horse

Spyware

Computer worm

Computer bug

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21 of 154 Term

Which scripting or programming language is considered to be an object-oriented programming language?

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Read ()

Java

Ada

C++

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22 of 154 Term

Which cloud service meets the need for consolidating business services into a single site with centralized management with secure and isolated resources?

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Private

Public

Community

Global

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23 of 154 Term

Which back-end database management system could an IT company use in cloud-based solutions for its customers?

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Botnet

Sql

Mongo

Apache

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24 of 154 Term

Which component implements decision-making in the programming logic in an application?

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Load Balancing

Scripting

Mesh

Branching

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25 of 154 Term

A client is utilizing servers, data storage, data backup, and software development platforms over an internet connection. Which computing approach is being applied?

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Grid computing

Cloud computing

Distributed computing

Utility computing

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26 of 154 Term

Which type of hypervisor is shown in the graphic?

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Type 2 VM

Containerized VM

Type 1 VM

Hybrid VM

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27 of 154 Term

What is an example of an IPv4 class B address?

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172.16.1.200

145.20.5.150

192.168.1.100

10.10.1.50

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28 of 154 Term

Which networking device can be programmed to make decisions to send packets from an input port to an output port based on IP addresses?

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Client

Emulator

Server

Router

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29 of 154 Term

Which chipset is a set of circuitry that provides support to the slower onboard peripherals?

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Southbridge

PowerShell

Dma Controller

Northbridge

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30 of 154 Term

Which non-functional requirement (NFR) deals with human factors, consistency, and documentation?

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Usability

Volatility

Maintenance

Security

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31 of 154 Term

A user runs two different applications that need 4GB of random access memory (RAM) each. The operating system (OS) also needs 4GB. What is the minimum amount of RAM the user's computer should have?

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6gb

8gb

16gb

12GB

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32 of 154 Term

What is the function of the operating system?

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It acts as an intermediary between computer users and computer resources.

It develops software applications for users.

It manages network security protocols.

It controls hardware manufacturing processes.

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33 of 154 Term

Which network device is considered passive in terms of how it connects to other devices?

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Hub

Lan

Mesh

Bus

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34 of 154 Term

Which feature of an IDE provides a list of variables that are already declared in the program as the developer starts typing?

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Autocomplete

Emulator

Datalist

Function

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35 of 154 Term

Which kind of client-side virtualization is used to create an isolated environment to test an application while ensuring no negative impact on your live system?

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Virtual sandbox

Virtual desktop

Virtual network

Virtual nic

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36 of 154 Term

Which type of virus changes form to avoid detection?

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Metamorphic virus

Polymorphic virus

Encrypted virus

Armored virus

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37 of 154 Term

What is the minimum RAM requirement when installing and configuring a 64-bit Windows 11 system?

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8 GB

4 GB

16 GB

2 GB

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38 of 154 Term

Which type of network connects devices within the ranges of 30 feet or less?

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Wireless local area network (wlan)

Short area network (san)

Personal area network (PAN)

Wide area network (wan)

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39 of 154 Term

Which connection type can a system analyst or administrator use for internet VPN technology when setting up a wide area network (WAN)?

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Microwave

Infrared

Fiber optic

Wireless

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40 of 154 Term

What is a disadvantage of solid-state drives (SSD) when compared to hard disk drives (HDD)?

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Cost

Flexibility

Entropy

Longevity

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41 of 154 Term

What is the recommended RAM requirement when creating and editing high-definition media (FHD)?

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8 GB

32 GB

4 GB

16 GB

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42 of 154 Term

Which type of topology has all nodes connected to a central device?

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Mesh

Star

Tree

Bus

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43 of 154 Term

What is the top of the reconfigurable computing software pyramid?

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Encoding

Scripting

Hosting

Security

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44 of 154 Term

Which network topology provides the best fault tolerance?

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Ring

Mesh

Star

Bus

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45 of 154 Term

Which operating system allows for its source code to be modified and redistributed?

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Ios

Unix

Linux

Android

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46 of 154 Term

Which part of a hard disk drive is responsible for storing actual data?

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Platters

Tracks

Switches

Bus

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47 of 154 Term

An application is being configured to only make requests to a database on another computer. Which role will the application play in this scenario?

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Client

Network

Browser

Broker

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48 of 154 Term

Which DIMM technology can be used in a quad-channel configuration?

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DDR4

DDR2

DDR5

DDR3

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49 of 154 Term

Which problem is managed by implementing a file system?

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Logical structure for organizing and storing files on a storage device

Security encryption for data protection

Hardware management of peripheral devices

Physical allocation of memory addresses

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50 of 154 Term

Which operating system uses the Bourne-Again shell (bash) scripting tool?

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Chrome Os

Ios

Apache

Linux

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51 of 154 Term

Which type of malware is referred to as a group of zombies?

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Rootkit

Apache

Botnet

Spyware

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52 of 154 Term

Which set of components make up the central processing unit (CPU)?

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Arithmetic logic unit and control unit

Register and control unit

Input/output interface and control unit

Arithmetic logic unit and register

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53 of 154 Term

Which requirement should be understood when configuring a RAID 5 system for a client?

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Four drives are required for optimal performance.

A maximum of two drives are required.

A minimum of three drives are required.

Only a single drive is needed.

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54 of 154 Term

As part of a cost-effective solution, a client is looking to slowly transition from its in-house data center, including the IT staff. Which service is a feasible option?

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Hybrid cloud

Public cloud

Community cloud

Private cloud

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55 of 154 Term

Which type of technology would be used to create a wide area network (WAN)?

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Leased lines

Telephone cables

Gprs (mobile)

Cable broadband

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56 of 154 Term

What is an advantage of using a text editor instead of an integrated development environment (IDE)?

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Fewer distractions

Support for external plug-ins

Broad network access

Maintainability

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57 of 154 Term

Which network device offers the capability of centralizing the control of resources and compartmentalizing files for improved reliability?

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Router

Client

Server

Desktop

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58 of 154 Term

A client has recently purchased a CPU that references the amount of L1 cache in the list of features. What is this referring to?

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The amount of memory installed on the motherboard

The amount of external cache connected to the processor

The amount of memory residing directly on the processor die

The amount of system RAM allocated to the processor

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59 of 154 Term

What is required to run a hypervisor program on a computer system?

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High-end Video Graphics Card

Applications Disk Storage

High-end CPU

External Hard Drive

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60 of 154 Term

What is a key reason to implement a RAID 0 disk configuration?

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To ensure data redundancy

To improve overall disk performance

To balance disk usage across multiple drives

To maximize data storage capacity

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61 of 154 Term

Which kind of software are Mac OS X and Windows 10 programs?

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Central processing unit (cpu)

User interface (ui)

Local area network (lan)

Operating system (OS)

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62 of 154 Term

Which aspect of virtualization manages all physical memory?

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Hypervisor

LAN

Emulator

XaaS

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63 of 154 Term

Which feature of a solid-state drive's flash memory ensures that the logical block addressing does not always address the same physical

block's drive?

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Sector sparing

Wear leveling

Block sliding

Bit shifting

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64 of 154 Term

Which server makes requests for resources on behalf of a client?

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Proxy server

Dhcp server

Database server

Web server

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65 of 154 Term

What represents the most common type of tech stack in web applications?

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Fullstack

LAN

Fiber Optic

Private

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66 of 154 Term

Which type of network topology is cheap and easy to install but difficult to reconfigure?

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Ring

Mesh

Bus

Star

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67 of 154 Term

Which technology describes the software responsible for creating and running a virtual machine on a host system?

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Emulator

Hypervisor

LAN

DDR5

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68 of 154 Term

What is a feature of cloud-based operating systems?

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They are primarily used for

They are primarily stateless.

background processes.

They are optimized for touch-based devices where one program is used at a time

They are optimized for foreground processes

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69 of 154

Term

A computer support technician is deploying a workstation that will be used for editing spreadsheets and web browsing. Which network role should the computer be configured for?

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Client

Database Administrator

Broker

Browser

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70 of 154 Term

Which cloud service provides a user with an integrated solution of a cloud-based application and cloud-based virtual storage accessible via a web browser?

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PaaS

Iaas

SaaS

Daas

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71 of 154 Term

Which type of RAM is commonly installed on motherboards and loses data rapidly, requiring a constant refresh?

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LAN

SRAM

IP

DRAM

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72 of 154 Term

Which type of network connects computers and other networking devices in a single large building?

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Campus area network (can)

Personal area network (pan)

Local area network (LAN)

Secure area network (san)

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73 of 154 Term

Which cloud feature allows different types of clients and devices to access the resources?

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Private cloud

Broad network access

Rapid elasticity

Flexibility

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74 of 154 Term

Which component is responsible for creating and running a virtual machine instance on a host?

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Eclipse

Emulator

Hypervisor

Android

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75 of 154 Term

Which scripting or programming tool makes use of cmdlet (Command let) that performs a specific function?

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Bash

PowerShell

Apache

Javascript

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76 of 154 Term

Which type of twisted pair cable can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps?

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Category 7

Category 3

Category 5

Category 6

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Java and C/C++

79 of 154 Term

What is a risk-preventing feature that deals with the likelihood that the feature will change?

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Skipped

Correct answer Volatility

80 of 154 Term

Which type of cloud architecture requires costly up-front capital investment?

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Skipped

Correct answer Private cloud

81 of 154 Term

Which memory type is stored on a drive and is referred to as a paging file?

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Skipped

Correct answer Virtual RAM

82 of 154 Term

Which attribute of DRAM must a technician or developer consider ahead of time?

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Skipped

Correct answer Refresh signal

83 of 154 Term

What facilitates a guest system's ability to run applications designed for a different operating system?

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Skipped

Correct answer Emulator

84 of 154

Term

Which kind of cloud service classification describes VMware and Microsoft Azure?

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Skipped

Correct answer Platform as a service (PaaS)

85 of 154 Term

Which protocols can be disabled to increase network infrastructure security?

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Skipped

Correct answer File transfer protocol (FTP)

86 of 154 Term

Which non-functional requirement (NFR) type deals with restoring a system after a brief system failure?

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Skipped

Correct answer Maintainability

87 of 154 Term

Why do applications designed to work on one operating system not work on a different operating system?

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Skipped

Correct answer

Unique system calls

88 of 154 Term

Which size data path do today's DIMMS use?

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Skipped

Correct answer 64-bit

89 of 154 Term

Which solution solves a user's need for dual booting different operating systems to test software?

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Skipped

Correct answer Configure a virtual machine for the user

90 of 154 Term

Which IDE can you use to write programs for Python, Java, and C++ languages?

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Skipped

Correct answer Eclipse

91 of 154 Term

Which existing technologies can be used to prevent security breaches by segmenting network traffic over multiple tables simultaneously on a single router?

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Skipped

Correct answer Virtual routing and forwarding (VRF)

92 of 154 Term

A video production company needs massive storage but wants to minimize energy usage. Which network-attached storage (NAS) configuration will meet the goal?

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Skipped

Correct answer Installing lower rotational speed disks

93 of 154 Term

Which programming language communicates with the back-end stack when considering front-end tech stacks?

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Skipped

Correct answer JS

94 of 154 Term

A development team adopts Kafka for streaming purposes. Which protocol should be in place to support this application?

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Skipped

Correct answer Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

95 of 154 Term

A client's computer will not boot, and there is a loud clicking noise coming from the computer. What is the probable cause?

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Skipped

Correct answer Magnetic hard drive failure

96 of 154 Term

Which TCP/IP suite layer handles the transport control protocol (TCP)?

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Skipped

Correct answer

Transport

97 of 154 Term

Which type of DRAM do modern laptops all use?

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Skipped

Correct answer SO-DIMM

98 of 154 Term

Which cloud computing characteristic allows a provider to allocate shared resources to multiple clients according to their usage demand?

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Skipped

Correct answer Resource pooling

99 of 154 Term

How do computers avoid burdening the main central processing unit (CPU) with programmed I/O (PIO)?

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Skipped

Correct answer By offloading to a direct-memory-access (DMA) controller

100 of 154 Term

Which feature is a benefit of external drives in a corporate setting?

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Skipped

Correct answer They are plug-and-play.

101 of 154 Term

A user is working on a critical mission project and needs to access a system and network during peak and off-peak hours. Which nonfunctional requirement (NFR) addresses the likelihood the system will be accessible to the user at a specified time within an organization's network?

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Skipped

Correct answer Availability

102 of 154 Term

What is the purpose of a computer operating system?

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Skipped

Correct answer It functions as a resource manager.

103 of 154 Term

Which type of network attack is worsened by high-speed transfer and the ability to retrieve or upload large amounts of data in a faster way?

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Skipped

Correct answer

Swarm attack

104 of 154 Term

A client is looking for a cloud service model that allows them to use computing resources, to test applications, and to release the computing resources afterward. Which model best fits this client's needs?

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Skipped

Correct answer PaaS

105 of 154 Term

What is one reason why programmed I/O does not work well when the I/O device is a hard disk or a graphics display?

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Skipped

Correct answer A complete instruction fetch-execute cycle must be performed to transfer each I/O data word.

106 of 154 Term

Which automatic configuration process occurs when a Windowsbased dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) client is unable to reach a DHCP server?

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Skipped

Correct answer Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA)

107 of 154 Term

What is a key similarity between RAM and memory cards?

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Skipped

Correct answer They are solid-state.

108 of 154 Term

Which feature of an integrated development environment (IDE) adds a pause to a program to stop the flow of execution where it is defined by the user?

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Skipped

Correct answer Breakpoints

109 of 154

Term

Which type of storage devices are characterized by the fastest access times and data transfer rates?

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Skipped

Correct answer Solid-state drives

110 of 154 Term

Which tool describes an aspect of a front-end technology stack?

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Skipped

Correct answer React

111 of 154 Term

Which technique can be used by DNS to battle email spam?

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Skipped

Correct answer Domain keys identified mail (DKIM)

112 of 154 Term

An IT manager is implementing a simple web server for a smallbusiness customer. Which basic tool should the manager implement for this customer?

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Skipped

Correct answer

Apache

113 of 154 Term

Which type of processor memory is located on the processor itself?

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Skipped

Correct answer Level 1 cache

114 of 154 Term

Which device offers passive protection against attacks on networkand cloud-based resources?

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Skipped

Correct answer Intrusion detection system (IDS)

115 of 154 Term

Which cache memory is the smallest but fastest?

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Skipped

Correct answer L1

116 of 154 Term

What can a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) use to contain data as well as amplify a signal before writing the data to a module?

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Skipped

Correct answer Registers

117 of 154 Term

Which memory type is characterized by its independence from the CPU's external clock?

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Skipped

Correct answer Asynchronous DRAM

118 of 154 Term

Which type of network hardware works at layer 2 and provides centralized connectivity?

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Skipped

Correct answer Switches

119 of 154 Term

Which Windows tool is referred to as a centralized authentication server?

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Skipped

Correct answer Domain Controller

120 of 154 Term

Which systems are types of operating systems?

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Skipped

Correct answer Real-Time Systems

121 of 154 Term

What is another term for a type 1 hypervisor?

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Skipped

Correct answer

Bare metal hypervisor

122 of 154 Term

A computer scientist has a computer with 32GB of random access memory (RAM), with the OS requiring 2GB. They want to run multiple instances of a classification algorithm that use 7GB of RAM each.

What is the maximum number of instances that can be run on the computer?

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Skipped

Correct answer 4

123 of 154 Term

Which network security measure deals with encrypting the data as it traverses the network?

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Skipped

Correct answer Confidentiality

124 of 154 Term

Which type of isolation do all virtualized containers employ?

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Skipped

Correct answer Process

125 of 154 Term

Which processors process in both 32 and 64 bits?

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Skipped

Correct answer x86-64 processors

126 of 154 Term

Which type of cloud service makes provisions for hardware infrastructure and operating system software to run client applications?

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Skipped

Correct answer Platform as a service (PaaS)

127 of 154

Term

Which type of non-functional requirement (NFR) stipulates that a program running on a Windows 10 operating system must be able to run on a Windows 11 operating system without any change in performance?

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Skipped

Correct answer Portability

128 of 154 Term

The marketing department needs a central storage solution that automatically scales with their increasing storage needs. Which storage solution would meet their requirement?

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Skipped

Correct answer

Network-attached storage (NAS)

129 of 154 Term

What is an example of a Microsoft-based mobile operating system?

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Skipped

Correct answer Surface Duo

130 of 154 Term

Which protocol is responsible for internet protocol (IP) address to physical address translation in the TCP/IP suite?

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Skipped

Correct answer Address resolution protocol (ARP)

131 of 154 Term

Which non-functional requirement (NFR) type states that a web dashboard must be accessible to U.S. users almost 100% of the time every month during business hours?

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Skipped

Correct answer Availability

132 of 154 Term

Which topology provides multiple pathways between end nodes?

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Skipped

Correct answer Mesh

133 of 154 Term

There are a number of different types of components of a motherboard. Which motherboard component is used for support of slower onboard peripherals?

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Skipped

Correct answer Southbridge

134 of 154 Term

What is an example of a system call used by the POSIX API for POSIX-based systems running UNIX, Linux, and macOS?

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Skipped

Correct answer Read ()

135 of 154 Term

An IT tech has been tasked with identifying a front-end framework that the IT team may adopt. Which framework fits the team's needs?

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Skipped

Correct answer Vue

136 of 154 Term

A project team's requirements often evolve during the development process, and they need to modify the project as it progresses. Why would this team choose to use a tech stack in this scenario?

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Skipped

Correct answer Flexibility

137 of 154 Term

What is a characteristic of virtualized containers?

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Skipped

Correct answer

Containers share the same host operating system.

138 of 154 Term

Which IDE is a Microsoft-product and can be used to develop websites, web apps, and mobile apps?

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Skipped

Correct answer Visual Studio

139 of 154 Term

What is an example of a server operating system?

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Skipped

Correct answer Red Hat Enterprise Linux

140 of 154 Term

Which layer does a type 2 hypervisor operate on in a virtual environment?

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Skipped

Correct answer Host operating system

141 of 154 Term

A client on a budget wants to purchase a new hard drive with fast access times and needs at least 4 TB for storage. Which type of hard drive would be ideal?

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Skipped

Correct answer 5400 RPM magnetic hard drive

142 of 154 Term

Which hard disk drive interface is recommended for professional use?

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Skipped

Correct answer SCSI

143 of 154 Term

What do networks use to communicate with resources and manage the flow of data across the network?

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Skipped

Correct answer Network operating system (NOS)

144 of 154 Term

Which ability describes a security feature in virtualization?

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Skipped

Correct answer Isolating the operating system when running multiple concurrent VMs

145 of 154 Term

Which type of virus exploits those applications that make use of a mini-basic programming language?

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Skipped

Correct answer Macro virus

146 of 154 Term

Which tool would be appropriate for an organization handling document-based data?

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Correct answer

Mongo Database (MongoDB)

147 of 154 Term

What is the next step to be performed to address storage drive issues after identifying recent changes and breaking down large problems?

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Correct answer Perform a system backup.

148 of 154 Term

What describes why Type-1 hypervisors are more efficient than Type-2 hypervisors?

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Correct answer A Type-1 hypervisor accesses the physical hardware directly.

149 of 154 Term

After installing a new video editing application, a person notices the application is running slowly. The person restarts the computer and receives an insufficient memory error, despite having 100 GB of free space on the hard drive. What is the problem?

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Correct answer Random-access memory (RAM) is used to manage and store data of actively running processes and applications.

150 of 154 Term

What is a temporary holding area for data and programs?

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Correct answer RAM

151 of 154 Term

Which networking solution helps to distribute the traffic across multiple servers capable of fulfilling the same tasks?

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Correct answer Load balancing

152 of 154

Term

Which memory type shares a common clock signal with the computer's system-bus clock?

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Correct answer Synchronous DRAM

153 of 154 Term

A corporate client has several remote sites where it develops and manages several secure yet high-profile products. Its time-to-market strategies and business processes are key drivers to its success but change often. Which service level best fits this situation?

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XaaS

154 of 154 Term

A printer is being configured on a network to print documents for users. Which role should the printer be configured for?

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Correct answer Server