2026 Midterm Exam Practice for PHYS 261 Human Physiology West Coast University

2026 Midterm Exam Practice for PHYS 261 Human Physiology West Coast University

7/11/24, 9:52 PM

Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

Midterm Exam Due Jul 11 at 11:59pm Points 76 Questions 76 Available after Jul 6 at 12am Time Limit 120 Minutes

Instructions You will have 2 hours to complete this 76-question exam.

Attempt History LATEST

Attempt

Time

Score

Attempt 1

79 minutes

68 out of 76

Submitted Jul 11 at 9:52pm  Question 1 1 / 1 pts Which system(s) does NOT exchange material with the internal and external environments? urinary system respiratory system

Correct! circulatory system digestive system All of the above.

 Question 2 1 / 1 pts Which are used to keep our systems at or near their setpoints? positive feedback loops feedforward control loop open control loops response loops

Correct! negative feedback loops

 Question 3 1 / 1 pts Today is your first exam, and as a result, your Blood Pressure is way above the normal range (normal BP = 110/70, your blood pressure = 130/90). Baroreceptors (they detect changes in blood pressure) located in your Aortic Arch and Carotid Sinuses detects the change in your BP and sends this information to the Medulla located in your brain. The Medulla will compare the information it just received with the set point stored in it and realize that your BP has increased. The Medulla will cause your arteries to dilate, your heart rate to decrease and finally your urine production to increase.

Medulla would be classified as the

Correct!

Control Center / Integrating Center Setpoint Sensor Effector Variable

 Question 4 1 / 1 pts The fluid substance of blood is called

.

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cytoplasm. endothelium. peroxide.

Correct! plasma. interstitial fluid.

 Question 5 1 / 1 pts Nucleoli function in the production of proteins. peroxisomes.

DNA that controls all cell functions. secretory vesicles.

Correct!

RNA for ribosomes.

 Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which is an example of a membranous organelle? cilia centriole

Correct! lysosome ribosome cytoskeleton

 Question 7 1 / 1 pts If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to produce DNA. metabolize sugars. maintain its balance. synthesize proteins.

Correct! undergo nuclear division.

 Question 8 1 / 1 pts If a solution has a pH that is less than 7, it is Correct! acidic. a salt. alkaline. a buffer. neutral.

 Question 9 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is most acidic?

Correct Answer stomach secretions, pH = 1 urine, pH = 6

Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

7/11/24, 9:52 PM

Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

lemon juice, pH = 2 white wine, pH = 3

You Answered tomato juice, pH = 4

 Question 10 1 / 1 pts Ions with a negative charge are called Correct! anions. electrons. cations. tissues. neurons.

 Question 11 1 / 1 pts Nucleotides perform which of the following function(s)?

They form structural elements in the cell membrane.

Correct!

They provide energy and are part of genetic material.

They are the building blocks of proteins like cell receptors.

They store glucose as fat.

They are the starting material for steroid hormones.

 Question 12 1 / 1 pts Cytosine would pair with which of the follwoing?

Correct! guanine. thymine. cytosine. adenine. uracil.

 Question 13 1 / 1 pts During intense exercise our muscles produce lactate and hydrogen ions, as a result

?

pH would increase pH would become alkaline pH would go from 7.5 to 9.5 pH would decrease pH would become acidic

Correct! pH would decrease hence become acidic.

 Question 14 1 / 1 pts A elderly female has kidney disorder, and as a result produces excessive amounts of acids. Which of the follwoing will bring her pH back towards normal?

Correct!

Carbonic acid bicarbonate system Acitic acid anhydrase system

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

Myoglobin catalyst system Adenosine triphosphate All of the above

 Question 15 1 / 1 pts During intense exercise our muscles produce lactate and hydrogen ions which decrease the pH. Which molecules would be affected by the accumulation of hydrogen ions?

DNA in the nucleus phospholipids in the membrane

Correct! the proteins actin and myosin glucose molecules in the adipose tissue cholesterol in the plasma membrane

 Question 16 0 / 1 pts Once synthesized, the You Answered

of mRNA are removed through

intron, RNA interference promotor, alternative splicing start codon, RNA interference

Correct Answer exons, alternative splicing or mRNA editing

 Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following starts the Intermediate step?

Glucose

Correct! pyruvate Lactate Acetyl-CoA Oxaloacetate

 Question 18 1 / 1 pts The process of forming proteins from mRNA is called replication. transcription.

Correct! translation. ribolation.

 Question 19 1 / 1 pts An allosteric activator or inhibitor binds Correct! the enzyme away from the active site. to the active site. to the substrate. to the product.



.

, which results in the formation of the coding sequence of a protein.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

Question 20 1 / 1 pts What is the name fo the enzyme that combines ADP and Pi forming ATP within the Electron Transport Chain?

Correct!

ATP synthase. lactate dehydrogenase. oxidative phosphorylase. glucokinase.

 Question 21 1 / 1 pts A coach always emphasizes the importance of deep breaths during exercise, as it prevents oxygen debt and muscle cramps. What is the correlation between oxygen debt and muscle cramps?

Acetyl-CoA is being converted into glycerol-aldehyde-3phosphate instead of being converted into oxaloacetate.

Citrate is being converted into lactic acid instead of being converted into acetyl-CoA.

Pyruvate can't be converted into acetyl-CoA since the carbon cannot leave a CO2, and therefore it has to be converted into glyceral-aldehyde-3-phosphate which is the cause of the muscle cramps.

Glucose is converted into formic acid which is the cause of the muscle cramps.

Correct!

Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid in the cytoplasm which is the cause of the muscle cramps.

 Question 22 0 / 1 pts Case: A young child found green pills, thinking it was candy he ate them. Few hours later the child was found unconscious and was rushed to the ER. At the hospital several test were done after which the antidote was given. The results of the test are: 1) Concentration of the enzyme involved in the pathway (shown below) was normal but the substrate binding site on the enzyme was occupied by the chemical found in the green pill.

2) The chemical had no effect on enzyme's shape.

3) The concentration of pyruvate was low.

4) The concentration of "NAD, ADP" is normal.

Few hours after the antidote was given, the boy's signs and symptoms improved and he was released in perfect condition two days later.

The image shown, displays the pathway in question:

Question: What did the antidote contain?

Citrate

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

Pyruvate

Correct Answer Glucose Oxaloacetate

You Answered Acetyl-CoA

 Question 23 1 / 1 pts Place the intermediates of Cellular Respiration in order: 1. Acetyl-CoA 2. Glucose 3. Oxaloacetate 4. Pyruvate 4,2,3,1 3,4,2,1

Correct!

2,4,1,3 4,1,2,3 2,1,3,4

 Question 24 1 / 1 pts Place the pathways of cellular respiration in order: 1. Kreb's Cycle 2. Glycolysis 3. ETC 4. Intermediate Step 1,3,4,2

Correct!

2,4,1,3 3,2,1,4 2,1,4,3 3,4,1,2

 Question 25 1 / 1 pts Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that facilitated diffusion uses cell membrane proteins to move substances, whereas active transport does not. facilitated diffusion uses a substrate to bind to a protein carrier, whereas active transport does not.

Correct!

ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion. facilitated diffusion moves water across the cell membrane, whereas active transport does not. potential energy is required for active transport but not for facilitated diffusion.

 Question 26 1 / 1 pts Which of the follwoing statment is FALSE regarding osmosis? its a type of passive transport

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

its a process involving water movement.

Correct! it requires ATP. it stops once equilibrium has been reached.

 Question 27 1 / 1 pts Passive transport refers to a process that requires no chemical gradient.

Correct! input of energy. pressure gradient. concentration gradient. electrical gradient.

 Question 28 1 / 1 pts What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body? intracellular fluid and plasma

Correct! plasma and interstitial fluid interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid plasma and the fluid portion of the blood None of the answers are correct.

 Question 29 0 / 1 pts Which of the follwoing statment is TRUE regarding active transport? it requires no energy.

Correct Answer a process in which solute moves agansit it's concentration gradient. there are four types: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

You Answered example of a secondary active transport system is the sodium-potassium ATPase pump.

 Question 30 1 / 1 pts Sandra was bitten by a poisonous spider while she was visiting Brazil. Few minutes after being bitten she started feeling light headed and was rushed to the ER where the doctor informs her that the poison causes a transmembrane protein to open up by binding to it, after which sodium’s able to enter the cell. The transmembrane protein would be classified as which of the following?

Voltage gated channel Non-gated channel

Correct!

Ligand gated channel Open channel None of the above

 Question 31 0 / 1 pts A man is stranded in Sahara Desert and as a consequence he is severely dehydrated two days later. Which of the following statement correlates with his condition?

His intercellular fluid is hypertonic compared to his extracellular flui

You Answered There will be net movement of water out of the cell due to osmosis.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

His cell cannot sustain this much fluid volume and will burst.

His intercellular fluid is hypotonic compared to his extracellular flui

Correct Answer There will be net movement of water out of the cell due to osmosis and His intercellular fluid is hypotonic compared to his extracellular flui

 Question 32 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statement is TRUE? Alpha and Beta receptors belong to the sympathetic nervous system.

Muscurinic and Nicotinic receptors are part of the parasympathetic nervous system.

The preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system release acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter.

The postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system release epinephrine / norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter.

Correct!

All the statements are correct.

 Question 33 1 / 1 pts The inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS act by opening

channels.

only Na+

Correct! only Clonly K+ only Ca2+ Na+ and K+

 Question 34 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statment is TRUE regarding the Parasympathetic Nervous Sytem? it is responsible for the fight or flight response. the receptors within this system are collectively referred to as the "adrenergic" receptors. the ganglions are located in the paravertebral chains.

Correct! both the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers release acetlcholine as the neurotransmitter.

 Question 35 1 / 1 pts When voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ enters the neuron.

Na+enters causing the membrane potential to become positive. the neuron depolarizes.

Correct! all of the above.

 Question 36 1 / 1 pts Excitatory neurotransmitters of the CNS usually act by opening Correct!

Na+ K+ ClH+

 Question 37 0 / 1 pts

channels.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

Your group is doing a presentation on the Nervous system, your group member is about to mention the phases of action potential (in order of occurrence), when he gets nervous and forgets. You step in by saying: Repolarization, Hyperpolarization, Depolarization

You Answered Depolarization, Hyperpolarization, Repolarization Hyperpolarization, Repolarization, Depolarization

Correct Answer Depolarization, Repolarization, Hyperpolarization Repolarization, Depolarization, Hyperpolarization

 Question 38 1 / 1 pts Place the steps of parasympathetic nervous system activation in order: 1. postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine.

2. heart rate decreases.

3. preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine.

2,1,3 1,2,3 2,3,1

Correct!

3,1,2

 Question 39 1 / 1 pts Place the steps of Graded Potential in order: 1. Ligand gated sodium channels open 2. Membrane potential reaches -50mv 3. Acetylecholine binds to it's receptor on the post synaptic membrane.

4. Sodium enters the cell.

Correct!

3,1,4,2 1,4,3,2 4,1,2,3 2,3,1,4

 Question 40 1 / 1 pts Place the steps of Synaptic transmission in order: 1. Voltage gated calcium channels open.

2. Neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.

3. Action potential arrives at the action terminal.

4. Calcium enters axon terminal.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

4,1,2,3 1,3,2,4

Correct!

3,1,4,2 2,3,4,1

 Question 41 1 / 1 pts Place the events of Action Potential in order: 1. Voltage gated potassium channels completely close.

2. -70mv is reached.

3. Membrane potential reaches +30mv 4. Sodium is entering the cell.

5. Potassium is leaving the cell.

2,5,1,4,3

Correct!

4,3,5,2,1 3,1,5,2,4 5,2,4,1,3

 Question 42 1 / 1 pts Declarative memories are stored in cortical areas of the frontal parietal cerebellar amygdala

Correct! temporal

 Question 43 1 / 1 pts The brain region can be identified by its folds and grooves is the cerebellum only. cerebrum only.

Correct! cerebellum and cerebrum. cerebrum and medulla oblongata. medulla oblongata only.

 Question 44 1 / 1 pts Which functions in the control of movement? hippocampus and amygdala hippocampus only amygdala only

Correct!

lobes.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

basal nuclei only All of the above function in the control of movement.

 Question 45 1 / 1 pts Reflexive memories are stored in areas of the Correct! cerebellum. temporal lobe. occipital lobe. frontal lobe. parietal lobe.

 Question 46 1 / 1 pts There is a story about an autopsy having been performed on a space alien in New Mexico, many decades ago. Assuming that this alien was as well-educated and trained on its planet similar to how NASA educates and trains astronauts on Earth, what feature would be expected in the alien's brain? glandular structures resembling the pineal and pituitary at least 12 pairs of cranial nerves a thick band of fibers connecting right and left hemispheres

Correct! an enlarged area with surface grooves and folds a system of fluid-filled cavities deep in the brain

 Question 47 0 / 1 pts Which of the following produces aldosterone?

Liver

You Answered Kidney

Correct Answer Adrenal Cortex Lungs

 Question 48 1 / 1 pts Which of the following hormones are responsible for calcium balance?

ADH and Aldosterone Glucagon and Insulin

Correct!

PTH and Calcitonin FSH and LH Prolactin and Oxytocin

 Question 49 1 / 1 pts The pituitary hormone that causes milk ejection is TSH.

Correct!

Oxytocin. growth hormone.

FSH. prolactin.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

 Question 50 1 / 1 pts Which of the following hormone stimulates milk production?

Aldosterone PTH Glucagon LH

Correct!

Prolactin

 Question 51 1 / 1 pts Aldosterone functions to

.

reabsorb sodium and secrete calcium reabsorb calcium and secrete potassium

Correct! reabsorb sodium and secrete potassium reabsorb potassium and secrete calcium reabsorb potassium and secrete sodium

 Question 52 1 / 1 pts One treatment for hyperthyroidism is to inhibit an enzyme that causes DIT and MIT to combin Which of the following enzyme will the treatment target?

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Correct!

Thyroid Peroxidase One-alpha hydrolase Iodinase/Deiodinase Catalase

 Question 53 1 / 1 pts Place the events of the RAAS system in order: 1. Sodium is reabsorbed.

2. Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I 3. Angiotensin II travels to the Adrenal Cortex 4. Aldosterone travels to the Kidneys 1,3,2,4

Correct!

2,3,4,1 3,1,2,4 1,4,3,2 4,2,3,1

 Question 54 1 / 1 pts Place the events of the Insulin secretion in order:

1. ATP sensitive Potassium Channels close 2. Cell Depolarizes

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

3. APT is produced 4. Calcium enters the cell 1,3,2,4 2,3,4,1

Correct!

3,1,2,4 1,4,3,2 4,2,3,1

 Question 55 1 / 1 pts The process of breaking down fatty acids into Acetyl-CoA and Ketone bodies is oxidative phosphorylation. deamination. ketonization. chemiosmosis.

Correct! beta-oxidation.

 Question 56 1 / 1 pts Insulin is secreted by beta cells. decreases blood glucose levels. causes liver to produce glycogen. secretion is dependent on closure of ATP sensitive potassium channels.

Correct! all of the answers are correct.

 Question 57 1 / 1 pts When blood glucose levels increase, Correct! insulin is secreted. glucagon is secreted. somatostatin is released. calcitonin is released.

All of these answers are correct.

 Question 58 1 / 1 pts Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis primarily targets the liver. released by the alpha cells. released when glucose falls below the set point.

Correct! all of the following options are correct

 Question 59 1 / 1 pts Gluconeogenesis refers to converting glucose to glycogen storage.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

removing glucose from storage as glycogen.

Correct! creating glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as lipids and proteins. converting glucose to storage as adipose tissue. removing fatty acids from adipose storage.

 Question 60 1 / 1 pts If you were in a desert without a food source, which of the follwoing stored nutrients would you body utilize first to increase your blood glucose levels? protein Nucleotides

Correct! glycogen fat vitamin B6

 Question 61 0 / 1 pts Place the order of the nutrients utilized to increase blood glucose levels.

1. Protein 2. Glycogen 3. Fat Correct Answer 2,3,1 1,2,3 3,2,1

You Answered 2,1,3

 Question 62 1 / 1 pts Place the order of the nutrients utilized to produce energy (ATP) for the body.

1. Protein 2. Glycogen 3. Fat 4. Glucose Correct!

4,2,3,1 1,2,3,4 4,3,2,1 2,1,3,4

 Question 63 1 / 1 pts The endocrine gland releases epinephrine? thyroid. anterior pituitary. posterior pituitary. hypothalamus.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

Correct! adrenal medulla.

 Question 64 1 / 1 pts Cortisol is involved with which of the following? suppresses the immune system glucose metabolism stimulates the CNS

Correct! all of the above

 Question 65 1 / 1 pts PTH stimualtes calcium absorption in the intestines by activating Vit C Vit K

Correct!

Vit D Vit B12

 Question 66 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the main organ involved in glucose homeostasis?

Correct!

Pancrease Parathyroid gland Thyroid gland Adrenal Cortex

 Question 67 1 / 1 pts ACTH is released in response to Correct!

CRH. POMC. beta-endorphin.

MSH. TRH.

 Question 68 1 / 1 pts Heme contains an atom of magnesium. calcium.

Correct! iron. sodium. copper.

 Question 69 1 / 1 pts In normal adults, red blood cells are formed in the liver.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

the spleen.

Correct! red bone marrow. yellow bone marrow. kidneys.

 Question 70 1 / 1 pts A scientist wants to create synthetic hemoglobin, he would collect all of the following except: Alpha chains Iron

Correct!

Delta chain Beta chains Heme

 Question 71 1 / 1 pts Place the events of secondary hemostasis in order: 1. fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.

2. factor 10 is activated.

3. Prothrombin is converted into thrombin.

4. 7a,9a,calcium and 8a form a complex.

3,2,4,1 1,3,2,4 2,4,3,1

Correct!

4,2,3,1

 Question 72 1 / 1 pts Place the events of primary hemostasis in order: 1. Collagen binds its receptor on platelets.

2. Platelets bind to each other.

3. Platelets degranulate.

4. Platelet plug is formed.

3,2,4,1

Correct!

1,3,2,4 2,4,3,1 4,3,1,2

 Question 73 1 / 1 pts Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is dissolved in plasma.

Correct! bound to hemoglobin. in ionic form as solute in the plasma.

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Midterm Exam: WCULA PHYS 261 Human Physiology 202406SUI BL-6FS

bound to a plasma protein. carried by white blood cells.

 Question 74 1 / 1 pts The chloride shift or the alkaline tide allows hydrogen ions to leave the red blood cells. hydrogen ions to enter the red blood cells.

Correct! bicarbonate ions lto eave the red blood cells. carbonic acid to be formed.

 Question 75 1 / 1 pts Jen lives in St. Louis, which is close to sea level. She decides to spend two months of her summer vacation in the mountains outside of Denver.

After a month in the mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see as Jen adapts to the higher altitude and low oxygen area? hematocrit has increased the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve has right shifted. increased erythropoiesis. increase in diphosphoglycerate (DPG)

Correct!

All of the answers are correct.

 Question 76 1 / 1 pts A premature infant (born at 20 weeks of gestation) has developed Hyaline Membrane disease; condition in which his lungs are unable to reduce surface tension. The infant is experiencing this disease because Correct! he lacks surfactant he is unable to trap dust and other debris he is unable to replace mucus in the alveoli he lacks the necessary protection the lungs need against bacterial invasion None of the above