ENGELSKA 6
Simon Phillips
Tove Phillips
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pick & mix 2
PICK & MIX 2 är ett unikt och nytänkande basläromedel för Engelska steg 6 på gymnasiet och komvux. Materialet erbjuder ett flexibelt arbetssätt som ger läraren möjlighet att skräddarsy undervisningen enligt sina behov.
Simon Phillips Tove Phillips
2 x i m & pick
2 x i m & pick ENGELSKA 6
Simon Phillips
Tove Phillips
Simon Phillips är skribent, översättare, ekonom och engelsman som levt många år i Sverige. Simons främsta intressen är samhällsfrågor, fotboll och fiske. Tove Phillips är skribent och gymnasielärare i engelska och barn- och fritidsämnen. När hon inte står i klassrummet på Marks gymnasieskola blir hon gärna lite jordig under naglarna hemma i trädgården.
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Welcome to Pick & Mix 2 Pick & Mix 2 is the second book of an innovative and user-friendly course material, written for gymnasieskolan’s course Engelska 6 and developed in line with Gy 2011 requirements. The texts cover a wide range of interesting subjects and each chapter gives the student plenty of opportunities to practise the four major skills: reading, listening, speaking and writing. Each chapter is introduced with a warm-up, which provides a lighter way into the speaking and writing sections. In Pick & Mix 2, half of the chapters contain two reading texts, some of which are extracts from well-known works of English literature. Sometimes a literary text is also studied in the listening section. The book offers a great variety of speaking and writing tasks, many of which can be extended into longer projects. Each chapter also contains a grammar section giving students a deeper understanding of various grammatical issues. New in Pick & Mix 2 is the Express Yourself section, which focuses on idiomatic English such as proverbs and common expressions. Furthermore, the Extra Material section has been updated with even more tips and tools for developing your English. Pick & Mix 2 works just as well for lesson-based learning as for individual studies, and gives you everything you need to achieve your aims at Engelska 6. There are two possible approaches to using the material: •
A traditional themes approach, in which you work through the chapters and sections in the order they appear in the book. This will give you plenty of opportunity to practise all the skills that are required to pass Engelska 6.
•
A selective skills approach, where you pick and mix the skills and themes you feel the need to study, whether it be reading, listening, speaking, writing or grammar. This way you can focus on the specific skills that you need to improve.
We hope that you, teachers and students, will find Pick & Mix 2 an inspiring and useful tool for teaching and learning English! Simon Phillips and Tove Phillips Kinna 2015
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contents (by theme) 1. Shop till you Drop..........................................................................7 WARM-UP Pretty pennies? 8 READING Getting and spending 10 Well worn 14 LISTENING You’re worth it! 20 SPEAKING Money talks 22 WRITING Work buy consume die 24 GRAMMAR More about nouns 26 EXPRESS YOURSELF Money and consumption 30
2. Forever Young.................................................................................31 WARM-UP The fallen youth 32 READING Wilde youth 34 Oscar Wilde 40 LISTENING Mind the gap 44 SPEAKING Under age 46 WRITING See ya later... 48 GRAMMAR Numbers and quantifiers 50 EXPRESS YOURSELF Youth and aging 54
3. Labour of Love..............................................................................55 WARM-UP Dissed and dumped 56 READING My cup of tea 58 Love is a battlefield 62 LISTENING A perfect match 72 SPEAKING Love talk 74 WRITING More than words 76 GRAMMAR Passives and -ing forms 78 EXPRESS YOURSELF Love and relationships 82
4. In the Name of Science...............................................................83 WARM-UP Cold feet 84 READING Out of this world 86 LISTENING Double Dutch 92 SPEAKING Cutting edge 94 WRITING Hows and whys 96 GRAMMAR Will, would etc. 98 EXPRESS YOURSELF Science 102
5. A Common Wealth?...................................................................103 WARM-UP God save the Queen 104 READING The sun always shone 106 Fear of the dark 110 LISTENING After the empire 116 SPEAKING Plain English 118 WRITING Off the map 120 GRAMMAR More on adj./adv. 122 EXPRESS YOURSELF Travelling and exploring 126
6. Power Play....................................................................................127 WARM-UP Top dog 128 READING Running the show 130 LISTENING The power of freedom 136 SPEAKING On my terms 138 WRITING Words are power 140 GRAMMAR Conjunctions 142 EXPRESS YOURSELF Power 146
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7. Pure Psychology..........................................................................147 WARM-UP Nature vs. nurture 148 READING In the soup 150 The pursuit of happiness LISTENING Help yourself 160 SPEAKING Navel-gazing 162 WRITING Deep inside 164 GRAMMAR Relative clauses 166 EXPRESS YOURSELF Psychology and emotion 170
156
8. Philosophize This........................................................................ 171 WARM-UP The point of it all 172 READING The big questions 174 LISTENING Dropping out 180 SPEAKING Deep thought 182 WRITING Words of wisdom 184 GRAMMAR Phrasal constructions 186 EXPRESS YOURSELF Philosophy 190
9. English Literature........................................................................191 WARM-UP Busy bookworm 192 READING A brief history 194 LISTENING A declaration of love 206 SPEAKING Telling tales 208 WRITING Power of the pen 210 GRAMMAR Apostrophes 212 EXPRESS YOURSELF Books and reading 216
10. Flying the Nest............................................................................217 WARM-UP Picking down under 218 READING A letter from home 220 LISTENING Time will tell 226 SPEAKING A fresh start? 228 WRITING Fulfilling the dream 230 GRAMMAR British vs. American 232 EXPRESS YOURSELF Leaving home and growing up 236
Extra material.....................................................................................237 How to make an advert or brochure How to write an argumentative text How to write an article How to write a book analysis How to write a budget How to write a discursive essay How to write letters and emails How to write an open application How to perform a play How to write a poem How to make a presentation How to write a speech How to write a summary Irregular verbs Phonetics
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contents (by sKill) WARM-UP
Pretty pennies? 8 The fallen youth 32 Dissed and dumped 56 Cold feet 84 God save the Queen 104
READING
Getting and spending 10 Well worn 14 Wilde youth 34 Oscar Wilde 40 My cup of tea 58 Love is a battlefield 62 Out of this world 86
LISTENING
You’re worth it! 20 Mind the gap 44 A perfect match 72 Double Dutch 92 After the empire 116
SPEAKING
Money talks 22 Under age 46 Love talk 74 Cutting edge 94 Plain English 118
WRITING
Work buy consume die 24 See ya later... 48 More than words 76 Hows and whys 96 Off the map 120
GRAMMAR
More about nouns 26 Numbers and quantifiers 50 Passives and -ing forms 78 Will, would etc. 98 More on adj./adv. 122
Top dog 128 Nature vs. nurture 148 The point of It all 172 Busy bookworm 192 Picking down under 218 The sun always shone 106 Fear of the dark 110 Running the show 130 In the soup 150 The pursuit of happiness 156 The big questions 174 A brief history 194 A letter from home 220 The power of freedom 136 Help yourself 160 Dropping out 180 A declaration of love 206 Time will tell 226 On my terms 138 Navel-gazing 162 Deep thought 182 Telling tales 208 A fresh start? 228 Words are power 140 Deep inside 164 Words of wisdom 184 Power of the pen 210 Fulfilling the dream 230 Conjunctions 142 Relative clauses 166 Phrasal constructions 186 Apostrophes 212 British vs. American 232
s
EXPRESS YOURSELF Idioms and proverbs related to: Money and consumption 30 Youth and aging 54 Love and relationships 82 Science 102 Travelling and exploring 126
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Power 146 Psychology and emotion 170 Philosophy 190 Books and reading 216 Leaving home and growing up 236
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p o r d u o y l l i shop t mass consumerism e th t ou ab d ne er Are you conc of today’s society? 7
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op:
? s e i n y pen
u dr o y l l i pt
sho
prett
Bad credit? Irregular income? Can’t get a loan
?
Being short of cash can cause serious stress, depr ession and anxiety. If you need a quick and easy loan you can turn to us. We appr ove 9 out of 10 loan applications and we do not judge our customers on their back ground, income or previous bad credit. Just fill in our simple online application form and we will give you an answer within an hour. You can borrow up to £25,000 and work to a payment schedule that suits you. The interest rate varies, depending on how and when you choose to pay. If your application is approved, the money will be in your account within 24 hours.
Representative example: The Representative APR is 5,387.8%
so if you borrow £200 over 6 months at a rate of
427.9% p.a. you will repay £472.
warm-up
Payday Text Loan the car breaks down, the bills It happens to all of us every now and then – me. Or maybe we just find that all come at once, sickness reduces the inco now. Even a much-needed great bargain, but haven’t got the cash right . With us you can borrow up holiday can be a reason for a short-term loan next month. All you need to to £2,000, get the cash today and pay it back 5 with your pin code and the do is register on our website and text 1234 aged 18+ and have a regular amount you need to borrow. You need to be or social benefit. income, such as employment, student loan Representative example: The Representative
APR is 821%, so if you borrow £400 for 30
days at a rate of 213% p.a. you will repay £480.
8
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account
konto
advert reklam anxiety
ångest
application approve APR
ansökan
godkänna
årsränta
bargain
fynd
be short of
sakna
borrow
låna (från någon)
interest
här ränta
loan
lån
p.a.
här årligen, om året
payday rate
lönedag
nivå
reduce
minska
short-term
kortsiktig
social benefit
socialbidrag
suit
passa, vara passande för
text
här sms
vary
variera
discuss Discuss in pairs or small groups. 1. What target groups do you think the two loan adverts are aimed at? 2. Why can adverts like these seem tempting? 3. What are the disadvantages of taking these types of loans? 4. Should there be a limit for how high interest rates for loans can be? Why/why not? 5. Why do some people get into debt more easily than others? 6. Is it ever acceptable to take a “quick loan”? If so, when?
write Imagine that you are in serious financial trouble and your only way out is to ask your millionaire uncle for a loan. Write him an e-mail explaining why you need to borrow money, how much you need to borrow and when you will pay it back.
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you op till
drop:
d n a G ettin
sh
G
G n i d spen
To the Editor of The Midtown Bugle,
readinG 1
Following a rare visit to the Midtown Mall, I was struck by how the American Dream has been reduced and transformed into a nightmare. The term “American Dream” was coined by James Truslow Adams in 1931 and was “that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone”. Through hard work we could develop both spiritually and materially. Sadly, the spiritual part of this vision appears to have been lost. In fact, we are now little more than unthinking robots programmed by a consumer culture. I avoid the mall as much as possible. My shopping is done online or at small stores and markets, as I like to support local entrepreneurs and farmers. However, this time I needed a new battery for my cell phone and the specialist store in the mall was the only option I could find. My phone is ten years old. This caused great amusement amongst the staff in the store, so much so that I was treated rather like an embarrassing old relative who doesn’t understand what is going on. They almost refused to sell me the battery. A new phone would only cost a few dollars more and had all kinds of functions my old phone lacked; functions I had no use for. Not that this fact concerned the guys in the store. I should think of the bad image other people would have of me when they saw my old phone. After finally being allowed to purchase the battery, I wandered through the mall with the words of one of the salesmen echoing through my head: “What will people think of you?” I saw hundreds of different pairs of sneakers that varied from relatively cheap to ridiculously expensive. Their original purpose, to aid in comfortable walking, was merely an afterthought in their design. They were being marketed primarily as goods one really needed to own in order to impress people.
10
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G
The same was true of shades, clothing and even burger joints, which were competing over who had the coolest image rather than the tastiest food. I thought about the contrast between the choices available today and the attitude of that early advocate of consumerism, Henry Ford. The manufacturer of the first car ordinary Americans could afford said “any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black”. For Ford, the only important factor was the primary function of the car: to get its owner from A to B and do it as cheaply as possible. The consumer society has changed a lot in the hundred years or so since then, but can we really say that change has made our lives “better and richer and fuller”?
The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;
advocate aid allow
tillåta
amusement appear
appreciate available
uppskatta tillgänglig
be struck by boon bugle coin
slås av
förmån, välsignelse signalhorn här hitta på, skapa
compete
tävla
concern
bekymra
consumer konsument; konsumtionsconsumerism konsumism, samhällsordning som bygger på hög konsumtion echo
eka, genljuda
goods
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
impress
From “The World is Too Much with Us”
nöje
verka
Little we see in Nature that is ours;
by William Wordsworth (1770 –1850), poet
förespråkare
hjälpa
varor imponera
joint
informellt ställe, hak
lack
sakna
lay waste mall
förstöra
shoppingcenter
manufacturer
tillverkare
We have become too concerned with the things we can buy and we define ourselves by what we own. We have forgotten how to appreciate that which is around us, in nature. We have forgotten how to nurture that which is within us, in our souls.
market
marknadsföra
merely
bara
nurture
ge näring åt
primarily
främst
It’s time to wake from the nightmare and get back to chasing the Dream!
purchase
köpa
Sincerely,
refuse
option
alternativ
purpose
syfte
reduce
förminska vägra
ridiculous
John Doe
löjlig
shades informellt solglasögon sneakers AmE gymnastikskor
The Ranch Smalltown, Ohio
sordid
smutsig, usel
spiritual
andlig
wander
vandra
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General understandinG Answer these starter questions about the text. 1. In one sentence, what would you say that the text is about? 2. How would you describe John Doe’s usual shopping habits? 3. What did John Doe notice as he walked through the mall? 4. In what way does John Doe think we need to change?
readinG 1 shop till you drop
true or false Decide whether the statements are true or false according to the text. Note: For each statement that you think is false, say why. 1. John Doe needed to buy a new cell phone. 2. The staff in the store thought that John Doe was old-fashioned. 3. John Doe was not allowed to buy a new battery. 4. The term “The American Dream” is about being free to develop both materially and spiritually. 5. To John Doe, the image of the sneakers seemed more important than their function. 6. John Doe does not use the Internet. 7. Other shoppers in the mall laughed at John Doe. 8. There were burger shops in the mall. 9. John Doe’s main concern is the environment. 10. Henry Ford said that people should be able to buy a car in any colour they like.
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vocabulary checK Fill the gap with the English translation of the word in brackets, in the correct form. Note: The translation should be the one given in the text! 1. Mum ___ (inte tillåta) us to have sweets, because she thinks they are unhealthy. 2. We don’t have many ___ (alternativ) to choose from. 3. Their new sound system is very ___ (imponera). 4. After the yoga, I felt ___ (andlig) strong. 5. She ___ (verka) to be upset – what has happened? 6. It wasn’t a planned meeting. We ran into each other ____ (bara) by chance. 7. They are ___ (marknadsföra) the new shoes as “moon walkers”. 8. Her words ___ (eka) in my ears as I entered the shop. 9. The jacket is nice, but it ___ (sakna) comfort. 10. They are always ___ (tävla) for my attention. 11. We could save the environment by ___ (minska) our consumption. 12. We ___ (slås av) the amount of people in the supermarket yesterday.
between the lines Discuss with a partner. Give reasons for your answers. 1. Why do you think John Doe avoids the mall? 2. What does John Doe mean when he writes that he was “finally allowed” to buy a new battery? 3. According to John Doe, how has consumerism changed since Henry Ford’s time? 4. Give examples from the text of how we “define ourselves by what we own”. 5. What typical features of a letter to the editor can you find in John Doe’s letter? 6. Read the extract from the poem by William Wordsworth. What does it mean? Discuss with a partner.
Tips! How to write letters and emails – page 244
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op:
ou dr p till y
n r o w well
sho
Not new
readinG 2
Second-hand shopping has become very popular in recent years. That said, the use of second-hand items such as clothes is not a new phenomenon; servants were selling their employers’ unwanted attire to poor people hundreds of years ago. There has, however, until more recently always been a social stigma associated with buying and using second-hand items in general, and clothing in particular. Those involved in the second-hand market, with the exception of the antiques trade, were often seen as poor or belonging to a low social class, although there were a couple of periods when this was not the case. During World War Two, when most people struggled to make ends meet, governments encouraged citizens to “make do and mend�. Youth subcultures also made second-hand clothing acceptable and even desirable, while Beatniks, hippies and punks wore second-hand clothing to make a statement against elitist fashion and consumer society.
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“Let us not be too particular; it is better to have old second-hand diamonds than none at all.” Mark Twain (1835 –1910), author
antiques
antikviteter
associate
förknippa
attire
kläder
beatnik bohemisk kulturell rörelse i 1950-talets USA citizen
Pros of buying second-hand Wearing and using second-hand items has now become respectable thanks to a number of factors. First of all, increased concern about the environment and the need for sustainable consumption means the thought of recycling and reusing items is now attractive. Secondly, since second-hand goods tend to be considerably cheaper than new ones, shopping this way means money can be spent on other things or saved in difficult economic times. Thirdly, vintage styles, from the Victorian era to 1980s disco, are distinctive and present a strong image to the world.
medborgare
classifieds
radannonser
competitive concern
tävlingsinriktad
intresse, oro
considerable märkvärd
mycket,
consumption konsumtion, förbrukning desirable
önskvärd
dictate
befalla
distinctive
utmärkande
employer
arbetsgivare
encourage
uppmuntra
equivalent
motsvarighet
exception
undantag
in particular increase
“I’m really interested in fashion but at the same time I find it quite competitive. Second-hand stuff leaves you more open to whatever your own personal style is rather than feeling dictated to by shops.” Sophie Ellis-Bextor, singer and songwriter
item
sak
make a statement ett budskap make do
nöja sig (med)
laga, reparera
particular
You can visit the biggest second-hand shop in the world without leaving your home. eBay, the online auction site, has hundreds of millions of active registered users worldwide, with a major part of the transactions carried out there consisting of second-hand items sold by private individuals. These types of transactions are known as consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce. It is the modern-day equivalent of using the classifieds section of your local newspaper or going to an auction, one difference being that you run a higher risk of getting cheated at online auctions.
förmedla
make ends meet få ekonomin att gå ihop mend
Treasure hunting online...
i synnerhet
öka
här petig, speciell
phenomenon företeelse pro
fenomen,
här fördel
recent
senare, de senaste
recycle
återvinna
servant
tjänare
stigma stämpel
stigma, negativ
struggle
kämpa
sustainable tend to trade
hållbar
tendera att, bruka handel, bransch
transaction transaktion, pengaöverföring vintage
gammaldags, antik
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...and in real life
readinG 2 shop till you drop
Despite the success of eBay and similar online shopping outlets, physical shops continue to do good business on the high street. Many customers prefer to see what they are buying in person; they want to try on the clothes or examine more closely the coffee table that would fit nicely by the sofa in the living room. The enthusiastic shopper can choose to hunt around antique shops, charity shops, jumble sales, car boot sales or second-hand markets.
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Camden Market “Clothes are my drug. I love Camden Market – I have so many vintage pieces from there it’s unbelievable. Clothes are really important to me, they give me that feeling of happiness. I love being a bit free with it all and not giving myself rules.” Kaya Scodelario, actress
If you like to shop around for bargains and items that cannot be found in a chain store, there are few better places to go than London. England’s capital city is home to a number of stylish second-hand shops and a variety of markets. The markets in the Camden Town district, for example, attract hundreds of thousands of visitors, both Londoners and tourists, making them the fourth most visited tourist attraction in London. The determined shopper can uncover a treasure trove of alternative clothing fashion, stylish jewellery, vintage furniture, rare books and films. Though there is money to be saved, you might find yourself coming away with more than you bargained on!
attract
attrahera, locka
bargain
här pruta, förhandla
car boot sale bakluckeloppis chain store
kedjebutik
charity
välgörenhet
despite
trots, oaktat
determined district
besluten
distrikt, område
examine
undersöka
jewellery
smycken
jumble sale loppmarknad
basar,
outlet
butik, marknad
piece
här sak, klädesplagg
prefer
föredra
rare
sällsynt
treasure trove guldgruva unbelievable uncover
skatt, otrolig
avslöja, upptäcka
General understandinG Complete the sentences below in your own words, making sure the meaning matches the information given in the text. 1. During the Second World War, people... 2. Some youth cultures... 3. One good reason for buying second-hand is... 4. Another reason is... 5. On the Internet, there are... 6. One advantage of shopping in real shops is... 7. Camden Market is...
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multiple choice Choose the correct answer: a, b, c or d.
readinG 2 shop till you drop
1. What did servants sell hundreds of years ago? a) Their attire b) Their second-hand clothes c) Clothes that had belonged to the people they worked for d) Poor people’s clothes 2. What did the government tell people to do during World War Two? a) Make ends meet b) Sell their attire c) Keep and repair what they had d) Send their clothes to the soldiers 3. Why did some youth subcultures wear second-hand clothing? a) To protest against consumerism b) To save the environment c) To make ends meet d) To get a unique image 4. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the popularity of the secondhand market today? a) Saving the environment b) Making money on online auction sites c) Saving money d) Creating a distinctive image 5. Where are you least likely to find second-hand items? a) In the classifieds section of local newspapers b) At jumble sales c) At car boot sales d) In the supermarket 6. What is true about Camden? a) It is a popular second-hand shop b) It is one of the two most popular tourist attractions in London c) It is a neighbourhood in London d) It is a popular market area in New York
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vocabulary checK Match the words from the text on the left with the correct synonym. 1. considerable
a. interest, worry
2. equivalent
b. old-fashioned
3. distinctive
c. lasting
4. vintage
d. parallel
5. rare
e. wanted
6. outlet
f. original
7. item
g. unusual
8. concern
h. clothes
9. determined
i. thing
10. desirable
j. big
11. attire
k. strong-minded
12. sustainable
l. market, store
between the lines Discuss with a partner. Give reasons for your answers. 1. Why do you think buying second-hand can be seen as a social stigma? 2. Why do you think some rich and famous people choose to buy secondhand clothes? 3. What can be the effect of famous people buying second-hand clothing? 4. Are there any disadvantages – personal or environmental – of buying second-hand items online?
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rop:
you d op till
sh
e r ’ u o y
! t i h wort
Advertising plays an important part in how we spend our money. Listen to the five radio commercials.
General understandinG Answer these starter questions about the commercials. 1. Name three reasons the advert gives to visit Jamaica. 2. Why does Guy Brush like the pole vault? 3. In what way is eating haggis claimed to be good for the environment? 4. Apart from the food, why is Primo Burger Bar a good place to eat at?
listening
5. Why did the woman in the advert have laser eye surgery?
vocabulary checK Fill the gap with a word from the text. Note: The missing word should be a synonym of the word in brackets, though you may need to change the form to fit the context! 1. Earlier today, we ___ (walk) on the beach when suddenly Ben turned up. 2. The room was very ___ (large) and the view was ___ (amazing) beautiful. 3. She always ___ (make the effort) to make sure we’re happy. 4. What can I possibly ___ (win) from your ___ (proposal)? 5. Could I please have two more ___ (piece) of this totally ___ (causing you to get hooked) chocolate cake? 6. She may not have done well in maths, but she ___ (do very well) in chemistry.
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multiple choice
addictive beroendeframkallande
Choose the correct answer: a, b or c.
advertising reklam beat
1. In Jamaica you can eat a lot of a) Burgers b) Fish c) Rum
takt, rytm
boast (att ha)
här kunna skryta med
ceiling cliff
annonsering,
tak, innertak klippa, stup
2. What does the man in the schampoo advert do? a) He is a professional runner b) He is a model c) He competes in many events
commercial reklamfilm
reklaminslag,
comparison
jämförelse
3. Haggis is a) A small animal found in the Highlands b) A traditional English dish c) Traditionally made from sheep
event
4. The burger restaurant has a) The cheapest burgers on the West Coast b) Windows with a great view c) Tables outdoors 5. An actual price for a product is given in the advert for a) Hair shampoo b) Burger bar c) Laser eye surgery
differ dine
vara olik, skilja sig från äta middag (tävlings)gren
excel gain
utmärka sig få, vinna
go the extra mile sig lite extra hike
fotvandra
interest-free lobster
räntefri
hummer
national dish offer
anstränga
nationalrätt
erbjuda; erbjudande
pepper shrimp pole vault
pepparräka
stavhopp
prepare
förbereda
reassurance
uppmuntran
responsibility
ansvar
between the lines
setting
Discuss with a partner. Give reasons for your answers.
snapper snapper (populär matfisk i bl.a. Karibien)
slice
inramning, miljö bit, skiva
1. In what ways, if any, do hair shampoo adverts for men differ from those for women?
sole
2. Give one reason why advertising is helpful to consumers. Explain your reasoning.
stroll
3. Do you think it should be legal to advertise addictive drugs and substances like cigarettes and alcohol? Give reasons for your answer.
subject to grundad på
4. Do you think adverts for toys and other products aimed at children should be allowed? Give reasons for your answer.
här enda
spacious
rymlig
promenera, strosa
stunning vacker, fantastisk, bedårande
surgery track
med förbehåll för, kirurgi
här löparbana
unspoiled
oförstörd
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op:
u dr o y l l i pt
s K l a t oney
sho
m
discuss Discuss in groups. 1. Are you a saver or a spender? Give examples. 2. What do you most, and least, like shopping for? Why? 3. What do you spend most of your money on? 4. Do you prefer to shop online or in “real” shops? Why? 5. What are the pros and cons of shopping online? 6. What will our shopping habits be like in the future? 7. If you owned a shop, what sort of shop would it be? Why?
speaking
8. Do you often buy second-hand items? Why/why not?
Useful words and phrases brand
invoice
varumärke
complaint
faktura
luxury lyx, lyxvara
klagomål
cooling-off period ung. ångerrätt
make a return
customer service(s)
refund
återbetalning
sale(s)
rea
discount frugal
kundtjänst
rabatt sparsam
good value (for money) haggle in stock
bra valuta (för pengarna)
security
säkerhet
shipping
frakt
shop assistant
pruta
splash out
i lager
investment investering, satsning
lämna tillbaka något
butiksbiträde
köpa något dyrt
window shopping
fönstershopping
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priorities Spending money is all about making priorities. Work in small groups. First, rank the items below according to what you personally find most important. Then share your list with the rest of the group and discuss and compare your choices.
•
Holidays abroad
•
A pleasant home, interiors and furniture
•
Clothes and make-up
•
Going out, clubbing, entertainment
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Computers and technology
•
Cars, motorcycles, boats etc.
•
Good food
•
Other: ...
catchy commercials Work in goups of two to four people. On a piece of paper, write down a common product, for example a pair of trainers, a soft drink or a toothpaste. Swap your piece of paper with another group. Your task is to make a commercial for the product you have been given. The commercial should be between 15 and 30 seconds long and it should be filmed using a video camera or mobile phone. Finish off by watching all the commercials on a big screen in class (connect to classroom media or upload it to YouTube).
Tips! How to make an advert or brochure – page 238
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e i d e nsum
rop:
ou d y l l i t op
o c y u b K r o
sh
w
if i won the lottery... Imagine that you have won the lottery – what would you do with the money? Write three separate lists describing how you would spend the money if you won:
•
100,000 Swedish crowns
•
1 million Swedish crowns
•
10 million Swedish crowns
Your lists should be in bullet points and each point should be followed by a reason, explaining why you would spend money on that particular item.
finish the sentences
writing
Finish the sentences in a suitable way with your own ideas. 1. Rich people should spend... 2. Shopping has always been... 3. Being poor cannot... 4. Internet shopping does not... 5. Money can never be... 6. Buying local produce is becoming... 7. A good reason to save money is...
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e
write a personal budGet Write a budget for a normal month of your life. The budget should include:
• •
income (student grant, wages, pocket money etc.) expenditure (clothes, food, travel, bills, entertainment, sport, savings etc.)
You can make your own budget layout or follow ready-made spreadsheets or templates on the Internet. You can also refer to the advice given in the Tips section in this book.
write a discursive essay Write a discursive (balanced, neutral) essay about consumerism. The essay should be between 300 and 500 words long. Choose your own topic or use one of the following:
• • •
Consumerism will be the death of mankind Consumerism creates economic growth and welfare Online shopping is the future
Tips! How to write a budget – page 242 How to write a discursive essay – page 243
More useful words and phrases consumerism konsumism, samhällsordning som bygger på hög konsumtion economic growth
ekonomisk tillväxt
expenditure utgifter in debt
skuldsatt
income
inkomster
local produce mankind poverty recycling
närproducerade varor
människosläktet fattigdom återvinning
spreadsheet
kalkylblad
standard of living levnadsstandard student grant
studiebidrag
supply and demand
utbud och efterfrågan
sustainable development utveckling tax
hållbar
skatt
template
mall
wealth
rikedom
welfare
välfärd
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s n u o out n
rop:
you d op till
sh
b a e r mo names
Names of people, places, organizations etc. always begin with a capital letter. In English, capital letters are also used for days, months and festive holidays: I’m going away on Tuesday, but I will be back in March. We are going abroad for Christmas. Names are usually used in the indefinite form (John, Lucy, Sweden, Asia, London, Buckingham Palace) but there are some exceptions:
Grammar
Families: the Smiths, the Andersons (note the plural ending) Seas and rivers: the Atlantic, the Thames Mountain ranges and island groups: the Himalayas, the Canary Islands Hotels, restaurants, museums: the Hilton, the Red Lion, the National Gallery Certain parts of the world: the Middle East, the West, the Antarctic Certain organizations and companies: the BBC, the UN, the EU, the CIA
titles Just as in Swedish, personal titles begin with capital letters: Doctor, Professor, General. The most common personal titles are: Mr (herr), Mrs (fru) and Miss (frĂśken), which is being replaced more and more by Ms (which does not specify marital status). Titles of books, films, songs and essays use capital letters for each word except articles, prepositions and coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, for etc.) Gone with the Wind Love Is in the Air Something Wicked This Way Comes
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collective nouns Collective nouns are words that describe a collection of things that are counted as a whole, such as team and group. Many collective nouns are used in the singular, but can also be used in the plural, depending on whether the collection is mostly seen as a whole (verb in the singular) or mostly as a set of individuals (verb in the plural) in the specific context. Singular: The crowd was upset The audience was large Arsenal has financial problems
Plural: The crowd were throwing stones The audience were clapping Arsenal have scored three goals
More examples of collective nouns are: band, class, company, crew, family, government, majority, number, public
practise names, titles, collective nouns A. Translate the sentences, using capital letters where appropriate and remembering to include all necessary punctuation: 1. Förra påsken hälsade fröken Jones på familjen Carter i Alperna. 2. Fru Svensson bor på Ritz i London varje september. 3. Representanter från EU besökte Vita huset i fredags. 4. Herr Edwards går till King’s Head vid Nilen varje torsdag. B. Add capital letters to the film titles where appropriate: 1. the best years of our lives
5. death of a salesman
9. meet me in st. louis
2. born on the fourth of july
6. a face in the crowd
10. my life as a dog
3. cat on a hot tin roof
7. fists in the pocket
11. the quiet man
4. the color of money
8. hannah and her sisters
12. a room with a view
C. Write two sentences for five of the following collective nouns – one where the noun is used in the singular and one where the noun is used in the plural: audience, band, class, company, crew, crowd, family, government, group, majority, number, public, team
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compound nouns Compound nouns are nouns that are made up of two or more words. The words can come from different word classes, for example: Noun + noun: football, bus stop, girlfriend, hairstyle, bookcase, shoe shop Adjective + noun: whiteboard, full moon, leather trousers Verb + noun: swimming pool, washing machine, breakfast, driving licence Noun + verb: haircut, sunset, rainfall, trainspotting Verb + preposition: check-in, take-off, lookout Noun + prepositional phrase: mother-in-law, Member of Parliament
Grammar shop till you drop
Compound nouns can be formed in three different ways: Spaced: with space between the words: horse race, mobile phone, shopping basket Closed: with no space between the words: bedroom, housewife, basketball Hyphenated: with a hyphen between the words: x-ray Spaced compound nouns are generally more common in English than in Swedish, especially for longer words. There are no exact rules about spacing, which means that certain compound nouns can be formed in different ways: paper clip, paperclip, paper-clip. If you are unsure, it is generally safer to use spacing.
abstract nouns Abstract nouns are words that refer to something that does not exist in the physical world, e.g. an idea, a quality, a concept or a feeling, such as love or hatred. Many abstract nouns can be recognized by their suffix (ending). Common suffixes for abstract nouns are: -tion: description, satisfaction, administration, application -ism: tourism, buddhism, alcoholism -ment: enjoyment, punishment, astonishment -ness: happiness, rudeness, thickness, fairness -ity: quality, sanity, reality, authority Other common suffixes for abstract nouns are: -ance, -ence, -ship, -dom, -cy, -th, -age, -ability, -ing, -hood
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practise compound nouns Make 20 compound nouns using the words in the box. Example: orange juice orange dog foot day juice film door face cream tennis window
match cleaner hand shoe house shop ball pet gift tree machine washing camera Christmas box powder food
practise abstract nouns A. Fill the gap by translating the word in brackets: 1. This cheap stove will give you a lot of ___ (v채rme) in the winter. 2. Anne showed a lot of ___ (generositet) at the restaurant. 3. The ___ (mognad) of this cheese is superb! 4. The shopkeepers had a good ___ (partnerskap). 5. My ___ (barndom) was a time of ___ (fattigdom). 6. After the shopping, she felt a sense of ___ (tomhet). 7. The boss gave me a pay rise and lots of ___ (uppmuntran). 8. There is no ___ (j채mlikhet) in the world. B. Create abstract nouns from the following verbs: produce, qualify, die, manage, vary, amuse, explain, oppose, embarrass, act, grow, permit, treat, behave C. Create abstract nouns from the following adjectives: weak, strong, honest, kind, red, brave, beautiful, different, difficult, wise, unique, equal, loyal, authentic D. Write ten sentences containing abstract nouns ending with: -ance, -ence, -ship, -dom, -cy, -th, -age, -ability, -ing, -hood
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express yourself shop till you drop
idioms Phrases A–R are all idioms related to money and consumption. Match the idiom with the correct explanation (1–18). Then write five sentences using five of the idioms. A. pour money down the drain B. shop talk C. put all your eggs in one basket D. put your money where your mouth is E. on me F. pay through the nose G. shop around H. retail therapy I. beyond one’s means J. break even K. bring home the bacon L. chip in M. peanuts N. get one’s money’s worth O. make ends meet P. money talks Q. on a shoestring R. pennies from heaven
1. very little money 2. I am paying 3. get what you pay for 4. compare prices before buying 5. money is power 6. on a tight budget 7. conversation about business/job 8. invest all your money in one thing 9. have just enough money 10. make a contribution 11. pay too much for something 12. earn the family living 13. shopping in order to cheer up 14. unexpected money 15. more expensive than one can afford 16. make neither a profit nor a loss 17. waste money 18. do something instead of talking about it
proverbs Work in pairs or small groups. Discuss the proverbs below and try to figure out what they mean. 1. A fool and his money are soon parted. 2. There is no such thing as a free lunch. 3. A penny saved is a penny earned. 4. Beggars can’t be choosers. 5. One man’s loss is another man’s gain.
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a r t ex
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extra How to make an advert or brochure Some general tips about advertising
• •
First of all, identify your customer/target group and how to appeal to them.
•
Use language and/or images to get attention. Questions like “Want to know how to become a millionaire?” or statements such as “The best way to stop smoking” will get people interested in your message.
•
Hold the interest of potential customers and stimulate them to buy your product by appealing to their emotional or practical side. Show briefly and clearly how your product will benefit them by saving them money, making them feel better about themselves, giving them a positive experience etc.
•
Use images that reflect your brand values: e.g. a picture of a healthy-looking, happy person might be used in an advert for a book about how to stop smoking.
Treat your target group with respect! People are often wary of advertising, so DO NOT patronize, use clichés, make false claims or be too aggressive.
Making video commercials Using people in your commercial is a safe bet – we all find it easier to relate to people than to products. In order to grab the viewer’s attention, make sure to keep the lines short and effective. Also, choose a setting and props that relate to what the commercial is trying to sell. For example, a commercial for sun cream should probably not be set in a rainy parking lot. Last but not least, finish off with a strong punchline that leaves the viewer with a positive feeling. Making a brochure As in all advertising, it is important to understand your target group. Who would be interested in your product/service and what characterizes them? Use language and images likely to appeal to your particular target group. Here are some basic layout tips:
•
Try to create a harmony between text and images by laying them out in a way that is pleasing to the eye.
•
Use fact boxes, fonts and images with caution – some extra elements can be good, but having too many creates a cluttered and disordered impression.
• • •
Create variation by placing the images in different places and in different sizes. Use informative headlines that help the reader to find what they need. Keep the text clear and concise and focus on whatever you think will hold the reader’s interest.
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extra How to write a book analysis A book analysis can be written in different ways and focus on different things, but it almost always consists of two elements: 1) information about the book; and 2) your analysis of the book. Information about the book Start off with basic information, such as the title, author and publishing year of the book. To add interest, you can also give information about the nationality and occupation of the author as well as any other information you consider relevant: Animal Farm was written by British author and journalist George Orwell in 1948, shortly after the Second World War. There should also be a short description of the genre, setting, main plot and main characters. It should not be a summary of the book or give any spoilers, but rather create interest and an understanding of what the book is about. Your analysis of the book This is where you try to analyse the book on a deeper level. Think about the style of writing and the techniques used by the author to convey the main themes and ideas. Examples of aspects to consider:
•
Narration/point of view: Who is telling the story – is it “me” (first person), someone else looking in from the outside (third person) or a mixture of both? What is the position of the narrating character in relation to the story being told?
•
Tone: The feeling/atmosphere/mood/attitude of the work. Is it formal, informal, angry, ironic, witty, serious, playful, slow or something else?
•
Imagery/literary devices: What use does the author make of imagery, i.e. metaphors, similes and other ways of using strong or symbolic images to describe or explain things? What other literary devices are used to create meaning and clarify themes?
•
Grammar and punctuation: Are the sentences long or short, and is the grammar formal and correct or more like the spoken word? What is the effect of this?
•
Choice of words: What words are used to establish – and strengthen – the style, tone and themes? Are there vivid, drawn-out descriptions or is the language short and concise? Is the vocabulary formal or informal?
When analysing the theme(s) of the book you should try to decipher what the author is trying to tell us. Common themes are love, death, friendship, betrayal, class, gender etc. When you have an understanding of the major theme(s), try to work out what the author wants to say and how. Not all books have a clear “message” but there is usually some idea that the author wants to present. Remember that there is not necessarily a right or wrong answer here, so an analysis is very much your interpretation of the book.
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extra How to write a budget A budget is a written plan of your income and expenses. By writing a budget (and sticking to it) it is easier to see what you spend your money on and to make changes to make the money last longer. There are many budget programs that can calculate your figures, but if you want to make your own budget you can follow these guidelines: Since income (wages, study grant etc.) is usually calculated per month, it is a good idea to make a monthly budget. Start off with your income. List all your sources of income and add them up, for example:
• • • •
study grant wages from extra work living allowance etc.
Continue by writing a list of expenses under a few main headings and add them up. The headings can vary depending on your life situation, but here are some examples:
• • • • • • •
Living (rent, electricity, heating, home insurance etc.) Transport (car, petrol, car insurance, travel card etc.) Food (groceries, eating out etc.) Clothes and hygiene Leisure and entertainment (hobbies, sport, cinema, clubbing etc.) Other expenses (mobile phone, gadgets etc.) Savings
Begin by exploring how much you spend on different things today. Then decide if you want to change how you spend your money and write a budget in which you give every heading a certain amount of money each month. Now all you have to do is stick to it!
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extra How to write a discursive essay A discursive essay is a balanced, objective examination of a certain question. The writer must remain neutral at all times, whatever their own personal feelings on the subject! Know your subject: Research the subject before writing and before you decide on a title. Write an outline: Go through your research and plan how the essay is going to look. Make an outline of the points you want to make and in what order they will come. Writing the essay: 1. Introduction: Grab the reader’s attention with the first sentence. Explain what the essay is about and which questions you intend to explore. 2. Main body: Present your findings and refer to the sources you have used, e.g. literature, surveys or interviews. Divide your text under logical headlines and structure the text into paragraphs, starting a new paragraph for each new point. 3. Conclusion: Keep it short. Restate your intention from the introduction. Summarize the main answer your essay has found. Give your own opinion and try to end with something thought-provoking. Creating fluency
• • •
Variety: Start and finish your sentences in different ways. Try to create variety by mixing sentence structure and length, vocabulary and active/passive forms. Expressive language: An expressive text – with a good rhythm, an appealing choice of words and a variety of sentences – is usually more interesting to read. Find out if your text is expressive by reading it aloud to yourself. Linking devices: A linking device is a word or a phrase that links clauses or sentences into longer segments, giving your text added fluency. Linking devices can have different functions, such as explaining a sequence or making a comparison. Some common linking devices and functions include: ◉ Sequence: first, next, also, finally, in conclusion, to summarize ◉ Addition: and, in addition, also, furthermore, as well as ◉ Contrast: but, yet, however, still, although, in contrast, nonetheless, whereas ◉ Result: so, thus, therefore, as a result, hence, consequently ◉ Reason: for, as, since, because, due to, owing to, thanks to ◉ Comparison: also, similarly, likewise, just as, compared to ◉ Emphasis: obviously, indeed, undoubtedly, certainly, in fact ◉ Example: for example, for instance, such as, namely, including
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ENGELSKA 6
Simon Phillips
Tove Phillips
Läromedlet består av både tryckta och digitala komponenter: Elevbok 40-68908-5
Tryckt elevbok med texter, övningar och tips-sidor
Lärar-cd 40-68909-2
Cd-skivor med ljudfiler till elevbokens texter och hörövningar
Interaktiv elevbok 40-68910-8
Digital elevbok med ljud, interaktiva övningar, kronologiska ordlistor, länkar m.m.
Interaktiv lärarbok 40-68911-5
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pick & mix 2
PICK & MIX 2 är ett unikt och nytänkande basläromedel för Engelska steg 6 på gymnasiet och komvux. Materialet erbjuder ett flexibelt arbetssätt som ger läraren möjlighet att skräddarsy undervisningen enligt sina behov.
Simon Phillips Tove Phillips
2 x i m & pick
2 x i m & pick ENGELSKA 6
Simon Phillips
Tove Phillips
Simon Phillips är skribent, översättare, ekonom och engelsman som levt många år i Sverige. Simons främsta intressen är samhällsfrågor, fotboll och fiske. Tove Phillips är skribent och gymnasielärare i engelska och barn- och fritidsämnen. När hon inte står i klassrummet på Marks gymnasieskola blir hon gärna lite jordig under naglarna hemma i trädgården.
omslag2.indd 1
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