Serien består av tre delar som tillsammans täcker grundskolans kurs. Denna upplaga är anpassad efter den senaste reformen för grundläggande vuxenutbildning. Delkurs
Till STEPPING STONE 34
finns: 40-69597-0
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40-68915-3 40-68285-7
Delkurs
med texter, övningar, ordlistor, självtest • Eochlevbok facit med interaktiva övningar, ordlistor, studie- • Elevwebb guider, länkar för eleven, ljudfiler och mini-grammar ärarhandledning med metodiska tips, kopierings- • Lunderlag för extra material, ordlistor och cd-skivor
STEPPING STONE
STEPPING STONE är ett läromedel i engelska för grundläggande vuxenutbildning, gymnasiets introduktionsprogram och nyanlända elever på högstadiet.
40-68284-0
(audio) ärarwebb med hela den tryckta lärarhandledingen • Li digital form, samt ytterligare övningar, prov och
40-69600-7
resurser, länkar för läraren och ljudfiler
Jeremy Hanson är engelsman med rötter i Cambridge. Han har lång erfarenhet av undervisning inom komvux och i näringslivet. Jeremy bor nu för tiden i Malmö.
DALIN HANSON TUTHILL
Birgitta Dalin är lärare i engelska på Leksands gymnasium. Hon är dalkulla från Siljansnäs och har undervisat på grundläggande vux sedan tidigt 80-tal.
Kerstin Tuthill undervisar i engelska på Lärcentrum i Järfälla och har lång erfarenhet av vuxenundervisning. Somrarna tillbringar hon gärna i USA.
ISBN 978-91-40-69597-0
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789140 695970
STEPPING STONE 4
Delkurs
BIRGITTA DALIN JEREMY HANSON KERSTIN TUTHILL
Welcome to Stepping Stone Fjärde upplagan! Stepping Stone är ett basläromedel i engelska för vuxna och även för ungdomar som inte har läst eller inte behärskar grundskolans kurs. Stepping Stone kan med fördel också användas på gymnasiets introduktionsprogram. Stepping Stone Delkurs 4 består av åtta units och varje unit innehåller tre texter kring samma tema. Vissa av texterna är originaltexter, dvs noveller, tidningsartiklar och utdrag ur romaner från olika delar av den engelskspråkiga världen. De teman vi valt är kommunikation mellan människor, annorlunda semestrar, Kanada, interkulturell kommunikation, Australien, barndomsminnen, arbete samt Indien. Den senaste reformen i grundläggande vuxenutbildning innebär att grundskolans kurs i engelska delas upp i fyra delkurser. Denna nya upplaga av Stepping Stone omfattar delkurs 4 och utmärks av: • stort fokus på undervisning enbart på engelska genom att förklaringar och instruktioner är på engelska • ordlistor som har kompletterats med engelska synonymer till alla ord och uttryck • logisk ordning inom varje kapitel, med fler sammanfattande övningar i slutet och fler hänvisningar mellan olika avsnitt • många kommunikations- och skrivövningar samt uppvärmnings- och fördjupningsuppgifter till varje kapitel • extra grammatikhjälp i Useful facts and grammar (sid 255–264) • elevwebb som ger dig gott om möjligheter till extra träning, samt mini-grammar • nyskrivna teman som behandlar livskvalité och miljö samt poesiläsning. Stepping Stone Delkurs 4 består av elevbok och elevwebb (för eleven) samt lärarpärm och lärarwebb (för läraren). Elevboken består av texter, övningar, ordlistor, självtest och facit. Elevwebben innehåller en stor mängd interaktiva övningar i ordförråd, grammatik och läsförståelse till samtliga kapitel i elevboken, samt ordlistor, länkar, ljudfiler i mp3-format, studieguider samt mini-grammar. Välkommen på en fortsatt spännande resa i den engelsktalande världen med Stepping Stone! Vi hoppas att boken ska ge dig ökade kunskaper om den engelskspråkiga världen och de människor som bor där samt öka din lust och förmåga att själv uttrycka dig både muntligt och skriftligt på engelska. Birgitta Dalin, Jeremy Hanson, Kerstin Tuthill
Contents Unit 1
A Communication between men and women B David and Agnes C A story from Nigeria
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Unit 2
A House swapping
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A Nunavut – the birth of a Canadian territory B A mother’s place C A mother’s place (part 2)
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B Working holidays 50 C London and New York on a budget 58
Unit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
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A Australia is fantastic B Australia by bike C The sad story of Australian Aborigines
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A I can remember the first time I had an ice cream B Born and raised in California C Penny Candy
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A Comparing jobs B A fireman’s job is a way of life C Working abroad – advantages and disadvantages
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A The influence of India in Britain B Shiksha Karmis – Barefoot teachers C The day Mahatma Gandhi was killed
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Test your English 1
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Test your English 2
(Units 4–6)
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Test your English 3
(Units 7–8)
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A You mustn’t generalise too much B When in Rome, do as the Romans do C Neither here nor there
Listen: Tests 1–4
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Song theme: Waltzing Matilda
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Poetry theme: Rupert Brooke
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Express your opinion: Quality of life
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Express your opinion: Our environment
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Useful facts and grammar
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Key
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Alphabetical word list (English-Swedish)
285
F U N C T I O N S Unit 1
Talk about feelings, relationships and family life.
Unit 2
Discuss different types of holidays and different types of accommodation.
GRAMMAR the past perfect (I had seen, she had called) / the -ing form after prepositions (without going, about having) possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs) / uncountable nouns which are always singular or plural (your advice is..., the people are…)
Unit 3
Take a stand and express your opinion.
reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself…) / the preposition of / revision of the past simple (was, had, looked...)
Unit 4
Discuss cultural differences.
can, could, be able to, must, have to, may, be allowed to, might, should, ought to / revision of question tags (… isn’t he?)
Unit 5
Talk about experiences of travelling abroad.
Unit 6
Talk about childhood memories.
relative pronouns (who, which, whose) / one – ones / change one’s mind / revision of the past simple and the past perfect the past continuous (I was eating, you were eating) / where – there / usually, would, used to
Unit 7
Discuss working conditions.
Unit 8
Discuss the influence of immigrant the passive (dinner is served, he was asked) / cultures, compare living conditions in revision of prepositions developing countries and Europe.
adverbs (regularly, easily, badly, well) / revision of adjectives (regular, easy, bad, good)
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Unit 1 Communication problems The theme of Unit 1 is communication between people. There are three texts, all of which deal with this theme. The third text, A story from Nigeria, is a little more challenging.
In this unit you can learn about
• communication between
husband and wife
• a man who finally gets to know
his father
• a married woman’s conflicts
Communication between men and women WARM UP Work in pairs or small groups. Introduce yourself and talk about your family.
• How close are you to the different members of your family? • What are the factors that make you happy in your daily life? • If you have a partner in your life, what makes you love him or her? • What can we do to preserve love and a good relationship?
This is an extract from “Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus” by John Gray, who writes about understanding the communication styles of men and women. In this extract, John Gray tells us about the communication conflict he had with his wife and which changed his life. 5
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A week after our daughter Lauren was born, my wife Bonnie and I were completely exhausted. Each night Lauren kept us awake and Bonnie was taking painkillers after the delivery. After five days of staying at home to help, I went back to work. Bonnie seemed to be getting better. While I was away she ran out of pain pills. Instead of calling me at the office, she asked one of my brothers, who was visiting, to purchase more. However, he forgot and, consequently, she spent the whole day in pain, taking care of a newborn. I had no idea that her day had been so awful. When I returned home she was very upset. I did not understand the cause of her distress and thought she was blaming me. She said, ‘‘I’ve been in pain all day… I ran out of pills. I’ve been stranded in bed all day and nobody cares!” I said defending myself, ‘‘Why didn’t you call me?” She said, ‘‘I asked your brother but he forgot! I’ve been waiting for him to return all day. I feel so deserted!” At this point I exploded. I was angry that she hadn’t called me. I was furious that she was blaming me when I didn’t even know she was in pain. After exchanging a few harsh words, I headed for the door. We had both reached our limits. Then something started to happen that would change my life. Bonnie said, ‘‘Stop, please don’t leave. This is when I need you the most. I’m in pain. I haven’t slept for days. Please listen to me.” I stopped for a moment to listen.
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John Gray, you’re a fair-weather friend!
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She said, ‘‘John Gray, you’re a fair-weather friend! As long as I’m sweet, loving Bonnie you are here for me, but as soon as I’m not, you walk right out of the door!” Then her eyes filled with tears. ‘‘Right now I’m in pain. I have nothing to give, this is when I need you the most. Please come over here and hold me. You don’t have to say anything. I just need to feel your arms around me. Please don’t go.” I walked over and silently held her. She wept in my arms. After a few minutes, she thanked me for not leaving. She told me that she just needed to feel me holding her. At that moment I started to realise the real meaning of love – unconditional love. I had always thought of myself as a loving person. But she was right. I had been a fair-weather friend. As long as she was happy and nice, I loved back. But if she was unhappy or upset, I would feel blame and then argue or distance myself. That day, for the first time, I didn’t leave her. I stayed, and it felt great. I succeeded in giving to her when she really needed me. This felt like real love. Caring for another person. Trusting in our love. Being there at her hour of need. I marvelled at how easy it was for me to support her when I was shown the way. How had I missed this? She just needed me to go over and hold her. Another woman would have instinctively known what Bonnie needed. But as a man, I didn’t know that touching, holding, and listening were so important to her. By recognising these differences I began to learn a new way of relating to my wife. I would have never believed we could resolve conflict so easily.
Word list communication passing on information kommunikation extract passage, section utdrag style way, method stil conflict fight, clash konflikt change make different här förvandla, ändra was born came into the world föddes completely totally, absolutely fullständigt exhausted very tired utmattad awake not sleeping vaken pain agony, when something hurts smärta painkiller drug to stop pain smärtstillande medel delivery giving birth förlossning run out of have no more of få slut på pill tablet, capsule piller was visiting came to see (someone) var på besök purchase buy köpa however but, nevertheless emellertid consequently as a result, therefore följaktligen take care of look after passa, ta hand om newborn infant, baby nyfödd no idea without understanding ingen aning upset sad or angry, agitated upprörd cause reason orsak distress deep sadness or anger bedrövelse blame hold responsible, accuse här klandra, förebrå be stranded be stuck, abandoned vara strandsatt care be concerned, worried bry sig (om) defend protect, support försvara deserted abandoned, left alone övergiven at this point at this time, right then i detta ögonblick explode get angry, erupt explodera angry very annoyed arg furious extremely angry rasande even actually, so much as här ens exchange swap, give and receive växla, byta harsh hard, strong hård head for go toward gå mot limit breaking point gräns moment second, minute här ögonblick fair-weather friend friend who is only there in good times vän i medgång as long as only if, when så länge som sweet kind, friendly här snäll 10
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loving caring, affectionate kärleksfull fill with become full of fyllas med tear liquid that comes from your eye when you cry tår hold (held, held) embrace, hug hålla (om) silently quietly, without any sound tyst weep (wept, wept) cry gråta arm upper-body limb arm realise understand förstå real true, actual verklig unconditional not expecting anything in return ovillkorlig unhappy sad olycklig blame fault, guilt här skuld argue quarrel, fight gräla distance oneself leave, keep away hålla sig på avstånd succeed (in) manage (to), be successful lyckas (med) trust in believe in, have faith in ha tilltro till, lita på at her hour of need when she really needed me när hon verkligen behövde mig marvel be amazed förundra sig support help, give strength to ge stöd instinctively automatically, naturally instinktivt touch feel, make physical contact röra vid recognise notice här uppmärksamma difference variation, contrast skillnad relate to understand, connect with förhålla sig till resolve work out, clear up, solve lösa
useful phrases
Unit
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Here are some useful conflict phrases from the text: I’ve been stranded in bed all day and nobody cares! I’ve been waiting for you to return all day. I feel so deserted!
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Stop, please don’t leave. This is when I need you the most.
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As long as I’m sweet and loving you are here for me, but as soon as I’m not, you walk right out of the door.
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I just need to feel your arms around me. Please don’t go.
Practise your English check the text A. Answer the questions. 1. Why was Bonnie so upset when John came home from work? 2. Why was John so angry? 3. What made John stay instead of leaving the house? 4. What made him realise the real meaning of love? 5. What made him feel great that day?
B. Work with a partner and talk about these questions. 1. John Gray says that men and women have a communication problem because they think very differently. Do you agree or disagree? Explain your standpoint. 2. What would you have done if you had been in Bonnie’s situation? 3. What, do you think, made John stay instead of walking out on Bonnie that evening? 4. What makes you angry? How do you deal with it? 5. What makes you happy? 6. Do children make or break a marriage? Explain your standpoint. 7. Why is the divorce rate so high in the western world, do you think? 8. What makes a marriage work? This isn’t working. Please give me a chance.
I need you by my side.
Don’t you love me anymore?
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I’m doing my best.
I don’t want to live with you anymore!
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check how to say it Intonation.
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If you ask a question to which you can answer yes or no your voice goes up at the end. Listen and say.
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1. Are you a student? 2. Have you got any children? 3. Do you like to learn English? 4. Can you play the violin? 5. Did you go to bed after 10 last night? 6. Do you think it’s hard for men and women to communicate?
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In questions which start with how, what, where, when, why your voice goes down at the end. Listen again and say.
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1. How are you today? 2. What did you have for breakfast this morning? 3. Where do you live? 4. When did you get up this morning? 5. Why do you study English?
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Now listen again and say in which sentences the voice goes up and in which it goes down.
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1. Are you married? 2. What makes you angry? 3. Who’s sitting next to you? 4. Is this your first lesson today? 5. How many hours a week do you study English? 6. Where would you like to go on holiday?
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Now work in pairs and ask and answer the above questions.
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Then write four or five questions and ask your partner to answer. Remember that your voice must go up or down at the end of each question.
words A. Match the synonyms.
1. call 2. purchase 3. return 4. cause 5. weep 6. leave 7. recognise 8. great
a. come back b. cry c. notice d. go away e. wonderful f. phone g. buy h. reason
Then work in pairs and answer these questions. 1. Which three people do you call most often? 2. Tell your partner five things you purchased last week. 3. What time will you return home today? 4. In what situations do you weep? 5. When was the last time you felt great and why?
B. Quite often the verb and the noun are the same
in English.
Look at the verbs in the box and say what they mean. call support blame exchange touch care purchase change
Now use the same words as nouns in the sentences below. 1. It had been very cold but last week there was a … in the weather. 2. There’s a … for you on line two. 3. He felt the … of her hand on his arm. 4. If you buy this computer you get … 24 hours a day for a year. 5. Do you want a bag for your … ? 6. I didn’t do it, but Steve always puts the … on me. 7. They always take good … of you at this hotel. 8. Chris was an … student in South Carolina last year.
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these parts of the body.
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C.  Look at the drawing of the baby and learn What other parts of the body do you know?
head
hair nose eye
cheek
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wrist
thumb ear
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fingers
hand
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elbow Unit
mouth
chin stomach
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arm
knee
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shoulder
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waist
leg Unit
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ankle
foot (feet) Unit
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toes
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Now work in pairs. Point at different parts of your body and ask your partner to say the names.
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D.  Adjectives to describe things or people. Write sentences using these eight adjectives from the text.
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5. angry 6. furious 7. sweet 8. harsh
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1. loving 2. unhappy 3. exhausted 4. upset
Look at the grammar the past perfect Look at these sentences:
+ I had no idea that Bonnie’s day had been so awful. - I was angry that she hadn’t called me.
? Had John ever thought of himself as a fair-weather friend? The past perfect expresses what had happened before something else happened: Because Molly had worked hard all day, she went to bed early. I hadn’t seen him before he came to the party. Had Anne ever been to France before she moved there? You can also write like this: They’d watched a football match together. (= They had watched) He’d heard the story before. (= He had heard) Mary was upset because she’d lost her new jacket. (= she had lost) ▶ Practice A, B, pages 17–18
▶ Mini-grammar, Student’s Web
-ing form after prepositions The verb after a preposition always ends with -ing: He left without saying goodbye. They dreamed about having an evening to themselves. Now look at these sentences: He kissed his wife before leaving. After talking to Paul I felt happier. You can only resolve your problems by talking to each other. I went to the cinema instead of doing my homework. Thank you for coming.
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I’m good at singing. Bill is bad at cooking. Eric is fond of playing with his cat. Susan is tired of working. Mrs Simmons is afraid of going out alone. You are interested in travelling, aren’t you? If they succeed in winning the match, they’ll win the cup. I look forward to seeing you soon. Many people worry about losing their jobs. ▶ Mini-grammar, Student’s Web ▶ Usage of the -ing form, page 261
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1. Eric didn’t want any dinner because he … … a hamburger on his way home. (have) 2. It … … an awful day. (be) 3. John … … of himself as a loving person until his wife told him he didn’t care. (think) 4. George … … a baby in his arms many times before. (hold) 5. Lucy didn’t laugh because she … … the story before. (hear) 6. Grandfather … … that programme before. That’s why he fell asleep. (watch) 7. Tim was angry because he … … his books at home. (leave) 8. They … … for many years in Africa before they moved back to the UK. (live) 9. Anne … … the bus so she had to take a taxi. (miss) 10. Tommy cried because his sister … … his toy car. (take)
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For months John … (1. plan) to visit his friends in York but he … (2. be) very busy at work so he … (3. have) no time to go until now. This time he … (4. decide) to go by train instead of taking his car because the train was more comfortable. John was a nervous man so he … (5. buy) the ticket several days before and since he was afraid to miss the train he … (6. arrive) at the railway station more than half an hour early.
While he was waiting on the platform, a friendly man with a huge suitcase started talking to him. He told John that he … (7. spend) many years in Africa but now he … (8. come) back to the old country, and he was very happy to be home again. They got on the train and when they finally found their seats they noticed that they … (9. get) the places next to each other. Suddenly the man said that he wanted an ice cream because he … not … (10. eat) anything since breakfast. He asked John to look after his suitcase while he left the train to get one. “But the train is leaving in five minutes,” John said and smiled nervously. “Please, hurry!” Five minutes … soon … (11. pass) and when the train started moving, the friendly man … not … (12. return). “I wish I … (13. tell) him to stay on the train,” John said to himself. “What am I going to do with his suitcase? I must return it to him at once.” So without thinking John opened the window and threw out the man’s suitcase, hoping that he would find it on the platform. A few minutes later the man walked into the compartment with two ice creams in his hand. He smiled and said: “I bought one for you too, since you were kind enough to look after my suitcase while I was out.” John looked at the man and knew that he … (14. make) a terrible mistake.
C. Fill in the right form of the verb after the preposition. 1. You can’t succeed without … hard. (work) 2. Paul often talks about … a new job. (find) 3. After … to his wife, he felt a lot happier. (talk) 4. Miranda dreams about … . (travel) 5. Terry succeeded in … Chinese. (learn) 6. I look forward to … from you soon. (hear) 7. Many people worry about … their jobs. (lose) 8. Melissa always takes her dog for a walk before … to school. (go) 9. Thomas is good at … the drums. (play) 1 0. Mr Smith is interested in … to young people. (speak) 11. Why don’t you visit your grandmother instead of … to her? (write) 12. You can learn English better by … English-speaking countries. (visit) Now look again at the sentences. Make a list of all the prepositions that are followed by a verb in the -ing form.
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D. Look at the drawings and answer. Example:
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Sophie is good at cooking but she isn’t good at running.
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1. Mike is bad at … but he isn’t bad at …
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2. Tom is fond of … but he isn’t fond of …
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3. Danny is interested in … but he isn’t interested in …
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4. Lucy is tired of … but she isn’t tired of …
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5. Eric looks forward to … but he doesn’t look forward to …
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Also tell each other what you look forward to doing.
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Now work in pairs and tell each other what you are good at doing, bad at doing, fond of doing and tired of doing.
Step up A listen Listen and then correct the sentences. 1. Anna and Robin have been married for five years. 2. Their marriage is breaking down because they don’t love each other any more. 3. Anna thinks Robin spends more and more time playing golf instead of being with her. 4. After dinner, Robin goes out to watch football matches. 5. To make life more interesting, Anna would like to move to another house. 6. Anna and Robin often talk about the things they want to do together. 7. Last year they had a long holiday abroad, and at Christmas they visited Anna’s parents. 8. Robin doesn’t think his boss will let him have time off from work. 9. Dr Millen thinks Anna and Robin need to stay at home together much more. 10. They need Dr Millen to help them plan what to do.
Can Anna and Robin’s love be saved?
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communicate Talking about marriage problems.
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This is a roleplay where you work in groups of three. One of you is the interviewer, the other two are one of the couples (you can choose which couple you want to be). Read through your role descriptions and prepare your roles. Then do the interview.
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Couple A
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Have been married for five years. Have three children, a girl (14) who is David’s, a boy (13) who is Linda’s, and together they have a baby boy. Live in a big house with a garden, 6 miles from the city centre. No buses in the evenings, so they must drive the children to friends and activities. When David’s father died two years ago, his mother moved in with them. Now she thinks her son and daughter-in-law don’t spend enough time with their children.
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Linda and David Keeler
Linda: 36 years old; teacher; works part-time in a school an hour’s drive from home.
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Vegetarian; grows her own vegetables. Thinks her husband’s daughter should help more in the house.
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Before she married she often went to the opera with her friends; studied French once a week; spent her holidays in France.
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41 years old; engineer; works overtime three or four days a week. Likes to stay at home when he is free from work, even holidays.
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Thinks his wife’s son spends too much time in front of the computer. Often has arguments with his mother. Smokes 40 cigarettes a day.
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Before he married he never went to the opera; liked to drive fast cars; played chess with his neighbour on Friday evenings.
Couple B Barbara and John Young Married two years ago. Have one child, one year old. Live in a very small flat, one bedroom. Have no car and not much money. Barbara’s mother lives down the road from Barbara and John.
Barbara: 25 years old; shop assistant; must work because they need the money; can get a better job if she goes to night school for six months. Before she married she went to parties every weekend; went to the gym three times a week; bought a lot of clothes.
John: 24 years old; bus driver; thinks babies are boring. Before he married he often went to the pub with his friends; played football on Sundays; went to the cinema every week.
Interviewer Read through the questions and also think of other questions you can ask. Questions: How old are you? What do you do for a living? How long have you been married? How many children have you got? How old are they? Who looks after the baby? Has marriage changed you in any way? Have there been any difficult moments in your marriage? What do you like best about your husband/wife? Is there anything you don’t like? Is there anything you don’t do now that you used to do before you were married? Why did you stop doing it?
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32-year-old woman, new in town, seeks a friend to go out with at weekends. Male or female. Interests: meeting new people, dancing, shopping, books and horses.
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Do you want to be my bride? 35-year-old, good-looking Dubliner, non-smoker, seeks woman between 25 and 45 for lasting relationship. Interests: quiet evenings at home, romantic films, children and dogs.
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Single father, 46, would like to meet other single parents to talk and perhaps go out sometimes, with or without the children. Interests: my children, music, cooking and football.
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Friends are important
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26-year-old electrician, going to Australia in October. Want to join me? Interests: travel, sports, girls.
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Two is twice as nice
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Who wants a granny? 65-year-old lady without grandchildren would like to be a ‘‘grandmother” and spend Sundays with you. Loves to sing and play, can tell a fairy story or two. Can also look after the children in the evenings. Interests: children and cooking. Molly P
David and Agnes WARM UP This is a story about how Val felt as a teenager when his father was unfaithful and left his wife and son to live with another woman. Think of when you were a teenager:
• Do you have memories of situations that have changed your life? • How did you interact with your parents when you were a teenager?
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Val’s father was a carpenter and he had helped the Hedder family rebuild their house. After two months, when the house was finished, he came by the Hedders’ house one night in his Ford and picked up Mrs Hedder. They went off together and didn’t come back. Val was eighteen when this happened, and he never saw his father again. Now, forty years later, Val’s father is dead. Val goes through a trunk with his father’s belongings, which has been sent to him. Florence in the story is Val’s wife. Val had never known the name of the woman his dad ran off with. Her name was Agnes.
Agnes. Val sat down on the trunk, feeling a little weak to have her name after all these years. Agnes. It felt unfaithful to his mother to know that name. He was surprised how curious he was to know who that woman was. He knew the story about his dad working on the house. He imagined them glancing at each other as the walls started to go up. Perhaps she helped him. His dad hammering, planing, sawing lumber – fresh lumber smells – and her coming out to ask how everything was going. Perhaps she made him a good lunch every day and they talked, and what did they talk about? What sort of man would do this: as you work on a man’s house and build him a new bedroom, to be planning to run away with his wife? In an old Folger’s coffee can, Val found letters, dozens of them, addressed: ‘‘Dear Mrs. Hedder,” then ‘‘Dear Agnes,” and some “My darling Agnes,” all written in pencil, in a handwriting he recognized right away, even forty years later. Val thought, ‘‘I don’t want to read these,” but he did. The letters had been folded into small squares. Maybe he had hidden them for her to find.
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Val cringed. Always the story had been that the Hedder woman lured his father away. But it wasn’t true. He spent hours that day and the next in the basement, by the washtubs, sorting through the layers, laying stuff out on the long table where Florence sorts clothes. It was frightening, like opening a grave sealed shut for years. He reached in and picked up a maple box he knew his father had made, plain wood but so well fitted, and inside, in twelve compartments, were twelve fishing lures his father had tied, more beautiful than jewelry. Pictures of his father and the woman … Agnes. Val couldn’t look at them more than two seconds, they were so ordinary, like any other married couple standing by a car, sitting on steps. And a poem David had written her – his father had never written him a poem, but here was a poem. Val read it and felt weak. He had to go sit upstairs and turn on the radio. It was like a cave-in down deep in the earth under your house, an event so far in the past he never thought about it, now moving, and his own life shifted and sagged, and he felt afraid. He went for a walk, and Florence descended the stairs and looked over the mess. It was clear that when David Tollefson arrived in Mount Canaan, Washington, with Agnes in 1946, he got down to business and set about to become a good citizen, and clearly the people in Mount Canaan thought he was and they loved and admired him and said so. But what Florence looked at over and over were the love letters. She held them in her hand – written in pencil on cheap tablet, faded in places to where you couldn’t read them:
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“Dear Agnes, something has taken hold of my heart, a wonderful feeling, and I cannot turn away from it or I would die inside and be no use to anyone. This feeling leads me to you, my dear lady, and though I know that what you say is wise and true, still I know what is in my heart and I want you to come away with me.”
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And she found the poem.
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“My darling Agnes, this is harder than anything I ever did, but I know it is for our happiness and that is worth more to me than their opinion. When I am with you, I feel quick and happy, and when you aren’t near it is sad and empty, I walk out of the house and up the road so I can say your name out loud.”
Word list trunk heavy suitcase koffert run off escape, leave rymma weak feeble, not strong svag unfaithful disloyal här illojal curious interested, inquisitive nyfiken imagine think up, see (in your mind) föreställa sig glance look quickly, peek kasta en blick go up be built här resa sig hammer hit (with a hammer) hamra plane smooth (wood) hyvla saw cut (wood) såga lumber (AE) timber, wood timmer fresh new färsk plan plot, intend planera can (AE) metal food container, tin (BE) burk dozen twelve dussin pencil thin object with graphite used for writing blyertspenna handwriting writing by hand handstil recognize know, identify här känna igen right away immediately, at once omedelbart fold double over, bend vika square shape with four straight, equal sides kvadrat hide (hid, hidden) conceal, put out of sight gömma take hold of grab, seize gripa tag i feeling emotion, sensation känsla turn away from ignore, not accept vända ifrån inside within, in the inner part inuti be no use be of no help or worth vara till ingen nytta though although, even if trots att, fastän wise sensible, intelligent klok cringe wince, draw back through embarassment krypa ihop lure tempt, lead on locka basement part of a building that is below the ground källarvåning washtub something to wash clothes and other things in tvättbalja sort arrange, put in order sortera layer level, sheet lager, skikt lay (laid, laid) place, set down lägga stuff things saker, grejor grave where a dead body is buried grav sealed shut tightly closed/secured tillsluten AE = American English; BE = British English
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A successful marriage requires falling in love many times, always with the same person.
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(Mignon McLaughlin)
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A happy man marries the girl he loves; a happier man loves the girl he marries.
maple wood from a tree common in northern countries lönn plain flat, smooth slät wood material from trees trä fit put together sätta ihop compartment section fack fishing lure something used to attract and catch fish fiskebete, drag tie fasten, attach binda jewelry rings, bracelets, necklaces smycken second 60 seconds = 1 minute sekund ordinary plain, normal vanlig married couple e.g. husband and wife gift par steps stairs outdoors trappa poem verse dikt cave-in collapse ras down deep very far down långt ner earth ground, soil jord past old times, long ago det förgångna shift change, move förändra sag sink, fall, cave in sjunka descend go down gå ned clear obvious, apparent klar, tydlig get down to business get to work, get started sätta igång set about start, begin börja citizen inhabitant, resident medborgare admire respect, appreciate beundra tablet (AE) writing pad skrivpapper fade lose colour, become pale/faint blekna in places here and there här och där happiness joy, feeling of being happy lycka worth valued, appreciated värd opinion view, belief åsikt empty vacant, unfilled tom out loud openly, in a loud voice högt
Practise your English check the text A. Fill in the correct form of the verbs. 1. Val’s father had … (say) goodbye to his wife and children before … (leave). 2. Val had not … (know) Agnes’s name until he read the letters. 3. His father had … (hide) the letters in a wooden box. 4. By … (read) the letters Val understood that it was not Agnes who had … (lure) his father away. 5. Val was not at all afraid of … (go) through his father’s trunk. 6. Val’s father had … (be) interested in … (fish). 7. After … (find) the poem his father had … (write) Val started to cry. 8. Val and his father had not … (see) each other again before he died. Then work in pairs and decide if the statements are true (T), false (F) or if you can’t say. If you can’t say, write a question mark (?).
B. What do you think the poem is about? Work in pairs and discuss these questions before you read the poem. 1. Do you think the poem is about David’s feelings for Agnes? 2. Is the poem about his dreams about their future together? 3. Is it about how beautiful he thinks Agnes is? 4. Do you think that he writes that their love for each other is wrong? 5. Do you think he writes about his feelings for his family? 6. Can you say three words you think you will find in a love poem? After reading the poem, check if you can find the words you suggested. Now ask your teacher for the poem (it’s in the teacher’s guide), read it and check if your guesses were right. Then in small groups discuss these five questions: 1. Do you like the poem? Why/Why not?
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2. Was it right or wrong of David and Agnes to run off with each other? Explain why. 3. Do you think they ever regretted what they did? Why/Why not? 4. Is it ever right to leave your family? Why/Why not? 5. Do you think it’s possible to love the same person your whole life?
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In English you can sometimes find parts of the body in idiomatic expressions meaning something else than what they actually express.
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Example: Get off my back = Leave me alone; stop nagging me.
A. Which parts of the body can you find
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in these expressions? Listen and write the missing word.
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1. I really put my … in it. 2. There’s no need to bite my … off. 3. I’m all … . 4. I’m crossing my … for you. 5. He knows this town like the back of his … . 6. My … bleeds for you.
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Then listen again and say the expressions.
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”Oh! Get off my back, will you!”
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a. to listen carefully? b. to feel sorry for someone? c. to make a mistake? d. to know something very well? e. to be angry with someone, to tell someone off? f. to wish someone good luck?
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B. Which expression in exercise A means …
words A. Word building 1: Nouns to verbs. You can often make a noun by adding -tion or -sion to a verb of Latin origin. Here are some nouns. What are the verbs? Example: communication – communicate 1. imagination … 2. recognition … 3. explosion … 4. admiration … 5. collection …
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invitation … preparation … recommendation … confirmation … decision …
Now pick out five of the verbs and write each of them in a sentence.
B. Word building 2: Verbs to nouns. Look at these verbs. What are the corresponding nouns? Example: impress – impression 1. celebrate … 2. express … 3. inform …
4. suggest … 5. compete … 6. react …
C. Match the words with their definitions. 1. trunk a. The same as twelve. 2. weak b. First you are born, then you live, finally you … 3. dozen c. The opposite of unwise. 4. darling d. A big suitcase. 5. die e. The opposite of strong. 6. wise f. This is what you can call a person you love. 7. steps g. If you carry a Swedish passport you are a Swedish … 8. citizen h. You have them outside your front door.
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1. Molly is fond … reading. 2. Mrs Sanderson looks forward … being with her grandchildren all summer. 3. I’m tired … working late. 4. Some men aren’t good … communicating with their wives. 5. The Johnsons were interested … hearing about my trip to China. 6. Sometimes I feel like I will never succeed … speaking good English. 7. We’re bad … getting up early during the week. 8. Don’t worry … meeting me tomorrow; we can do it on Tuesday instead. 9. My husband is afraid … being alone in the house. 10. Bill stayed up watching TV instead ... going to bed. 11. Mary dreams ... going to New York. 12. You must remember to lock the door ... leaving your home.
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listen Listen and then answer the questions.
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1. What did Val save? 2. What had Florence taken from the trunk? 3. When did she take this to Viola? 4. What did Viola write on the envelope?
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1. Do you think Florence did the right thing? Why/Why not? 2. What would you have done?
communicate Stress factors. Certain things cause stress and some events are worse than others. Work with a partner and discuss which of these events cause you the most stress. Start with the worst one. 1. Trouble with your boss. 2. Having a baby. 3. Changing your job. 4. Family get-together. 5. Starting or finishing school or college. 6. Son or daughter leaving home. 7. Wife’s or husband’s death. 8. Moving house. 9. Divorce. 10. Losing your job. 11. Getting married. 12. Retiring from work. Now compare your answers with another pair.
”Bye, Mum. I’m leaving home for good.”
write Write 100–125 words on one of the following topics. 1. If you could stop the world from turning and say “This is the best period of my life”, when would this be (or when was it)? Why? 2. “Life begins at twenty/thirty/forty/fifty.” Can you agree with this statement? Give your reasons. 3. Is it more important to love than to be loved? Is it possible to live without love? Give your opinions. 4. What can people do to preserve love and a good relationship? What do you do?
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More reading WARM UP
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Working in pairs or in a small group, find out what you can about Nigeria. Write notes so that you can then tell each other what you have found out.
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A story from Nigeria
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This is an extract from a story about life in Nigeria in the 1970s. Kehinde has just arrived back in Nigeria after spending 17 years in London. Her husband, Albert, and their two children, Joshua and Bimpe, returned two years earlier. Her sister, Ifeyinwa, is showing her around.
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Ifeyinwa led her to her room. It was clean, simply and neatly furnished with one of the three single beds she had bought in London. Where was the king size bed on which she and Albert had spent a fortune in Harrods? Albert had said in his letter that everything had arrived in good condition. She had never had a separate room from her husband all their married life. “Little Mother, Ifi, call Albert for me. Where is he?” Kehinde besought her sister. Ifeyinwa opened her eyes in horror. “Sh…sh…sh, not so loud! Don’t call your husband by his name here-o. We hear you do it over there in the land of white people. There, people don’t have respect for anybody. People call each other by the name their parents gave them, however big the person. We don’t do it here-o. Please, Kehinde, don’t-o.” Kehinde heard herself laughing mirthlessly. “What are you talking about? I said I wanted Albert. Where is he?” She made her way towards the door, but Ifeyinwa restrained her.
“Where are you going? Come back in, just come back. You will see Joshua’s father later. Just come first.” Her eyes were red and her voice agitated. “Where do you think you are? This is Nigeria, you know.” “I know that, that’s what everybody says. This is Nigeria, this is Nigeria, as if the country were not part of this world.” “Sit down, baby sister. Do sit down. You left home a very long time ago. Here, men move together, you know. We women stick together too.” “Educate me, please, have I not just got married to Albert and you are now going to tell me what marriage is all about. Where is he, anyway?” “He knows I’m here and won’t barge in like that. He’s a cultured man. You must stop calling him by his given name. His sisters are in the front room and so are many of his friends and neighbours to welcome you. You are not going out there shouting his given name as if he is your houseboy; as if you circumcised him. What a cheek! What do you want him for anyway? He’ll see you bye and bye. Just get dressed, get ready to go and see those who have been waiting to greet you.” Kehinde looked around her once more. “This is not our room, surely?” “Our room?” This is your room. I chose it for you. Next to Joshua’s father’s own, this is the best one, even better than Rike’s own. She has to share hers with her maid and her baby, and she is next to the room kept for your husband’s sisters, who can be very noisy during their visits. You’re lucky. Joshua’s father allowed me a free hand. He is cultured, that husband of yours.” “You talk about my husband as if he’s a stranger to me. We married seventeen years ago and I should be telling you about him.” “That’s one of the things you must learn. Stop calling him “my” husband. You must learn to say “our”. He’s Rike’s husband too, you know. You saw her, that shameless one with a pregnancy in her belly and a baby on her hips. Honestly, “these their acadas” just jump on any been-to man, so that they can claim their husbands studied overseas …” She trailed on, flailing those annoying arms, and not even standing still. She stopped for breath suddenly, gasping. Kehinde made as if to stand up. But she pulled herself down again. “Sit down and calm yourself.” “I am sitting down. I am calm. You are the one who has been walking up and down like … like … oh Ifi, I don’t know like what. Are you trying to tell me that Albert’s got another wife, and that he is the father of the baby that woman was carrying?”
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get dressed klä på sig greet välkomna surely väl, nog maid jungfru kept for reserverat för noisy stojande a free hand fria händer stranger främling shameless skamlös pregnancy graviditet belly mage hip höft honestly ärligt talat these their acadas här dessa fruntimmer jump hoppa been-to som har varit (utomlands) claim påstå overseas utomlands trail on här fortsätta flail slå annoying irriterande breath luft gasp flämta make as if to göra en ansats att calm lugna
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check the text Working in pairs, answer these questions. 1. Why was Ifeyinwa horrified when Kehinde said, “Little Mother, Ifi, call Albert for me. Where is he?” 2. Why was Kehinde irritated when her sister wouldn’t let her look for her husband? 3. Why did Ifeyinwa say Kehinde must stop calling her husband by his given name? 4. Why did Ifeyinwa refer to Kehinde’s husband as “Joshua’s father”? 5. Why did Ifeyinwa say that Kehinde must learn to say “our” husband? 6. Kehinde experienced a cultural shock when she returned to Nigeria after living in Britain for 17 years. What was so different for her?
round off • How have your opinions, feelings, ideas and plans on the following topics changed or developed during the last five years? – having your own children – marriage or partner relationship – career plans – the importance of money
• Think about potential partners. What do you find attractive in a man/woman? Which of the following characteristics are essential to you?
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– good looks
– intelligence
– personality
– education
– money
– religion
– common interests
– other characteristics
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Jeremy Hanson är engelsman med rötter i Cambridge. Han har lång erfarenhet av undervisning inom komvux och i näringslivet. Jeremy bor nu för tiden i Malmö.
DALIN HANSON TUTHILL
Birgitta Dalin är lärare i engelska på Leksands gymnasium. Hon är dalkulla från Siljansnäs och har undervisat på grundläggande vux sedan tidigt 80-tal.
Kerstin Tuthill undervisar i engelska på Lärcentrum i Järfälla och har lång erfarenhet av vuxenundervisning. Somrarna tillbringar hon gärna i USA.
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BIRGITTA DALIN JEREMY HANSON KERSTIN TUTHILL