Anna Collins
Grammie presenterar och övar den grundläggande engelska grammatiken. Facit till övningarna i Grammie och diagnoser med facit finns i separata häften. I serien ingår:
Grammie 1
Grammie 2
Grammie 3
• am, are, is • a, an, the • dog, dogs • have, has • play, plays • frågeord • tidsangivelser • this, that • adjektiv • prepositioner • there is, there are • my, mine • do, does i frågor • pågående form
• was, were • plural • regelbundna verb • had • who, which • go, goes • did • personliga pronomen • tidsprepositioner • my, mine • some, any • pågående form preteritum • apostrofgenitiv • komparation adjektiv
• räkneord • oregelbundna verb • oräknebara substantiv • a lot of, a few • framtid • someone, anyone • he is nice, isn’t he? • happy, happily • can, may • so, such • must, have to • aktiv och passiv form • pågående form • pluskvamperfekt
Art.nr 35265
www.studentlitteratur.se
978-91-44-07388-0_05_cover.indd 1
2016-01-28 14:16
B
B
Innehåll 1 "Am, are, is" 2 Om hur man använder är
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
"An apple and a pear" 4 Om substantiv i obestämd form "One dog – many dogs" 6 Om hur man bildar plural "Have or has?" 8 Om hur man böjer have beroende på person "A book – the book" 10 Om substantiv i bestämd form "Verbs" 12 Om verb i presens "Who are you?" 14 Om vanliga frågeord "Time" 16 Om klockan "This or that" 18 Om den här och det där "Tall, taller, tallest" 20 Om adjektiv och hur man komparerar dem "In on or under?" 22 Om prepositioner "There is a cat on the roof" 24 Om det finns och där är "My, your or his turn?" 26 Om possessiva pronomen "Do or does" 28 Om att använda do i frågor "What are they doing?" 30 Om verb i pågående form
Svensk-engelsk ordlista 32 Engelsk-svensk ordlista 33
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Grammie 1 ges numera ut av Studentlitteratur AB. ISBN 978-91-7179-943-2 Denna andra upplaga innehåller dock inga förändringar av innehållet jämfört med den första upplagan. 2005 Anna Collins och Adastra Läromedel AB
©
Teckningar: Klockorna på sidorna 16-17: Anna-Karin Palmgren. Övriga teckningar: Jerker Eriksson Art.nr 35263 Språkgranskning: Michael Stevens 10 9 8978-91-44-07384-2 7654 ISBN Upplaga 2:6 KOPIERINGSFÖRBUD © 2005 Anna Collins och Adastra Läromedel AB / © 2011 Studentlitteratur AB Detta verk är skyddat av lagen om upphovsrätt. Det är ett engångsmaterial och får därför vid tillämpning av Teckningar: Klockorna på sidorna 16–17: Anna-Karin Övriga Eriksson skolkopieringsavtalet (även kallat BONUS-avtalet) överPalmgren. huvud taget inte teckningar: kopieras förJerker undervisningsändamål. Kopiering för undervisningsändamål är alltså TOTALT FÖRBJUDEN. Inte ens enstaka sida får kopieras. Språkgranskning: Michael Stevens Tryck: Press Ltd, Kina 2009 PrintedProlong by Dardedze holografija, Latvia 2017
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IBC
1 WAS, WERE
!
På engelska kan man säga verbet var med två olika ord: was och were. Vilket ord man ska välja beror på vem som var något: was i första och tredje person singular, were i alla andra fall. I was angry. Jag var arg. You were angry. Du var arg. She was angry. Hon var arg. He was angry. Han var arg. It was angry. Den var arg.
Practical Reading – The
We were angry. Vi var arga. You were angry. Ni var arga. They were angry. De var arga.
Elephant Yesterday something very funny happened. I was on my way home from school when suddenly an elephant turned up in front of me. It was huge! I was scared at first, but it looked so kind. Its black eyes were looking into my eyes and sort of saying something to me. We stood like that for a minute or two, when all of a sudden the elephant started to move again. A man was just behind the elephant. He was talking to the huge animal as it was walking. "Who was the man?" I asked myself. Were they just out for a walk or were they going somewhere special? Where were they going? I started to walk again. It was a very unusual meeting!
A Stryk under alla ord som betyder "var" i texten. B Fyll i rätt form av "var" på de tomma raderna. 1. I __________ on holiday.
6. They __________ at school.
2. We __________ on an aeroplane.
7. He __________ ill with flue.
3. She __________ born in India.
8. You __________ in Spain last summer.
4. Karen __________ at home all day.
9. It __________ scared.
5. The horse __________ in the stables.
10. The pencils __________ in the box.
2
C Översätt meningarna till engelska. Använd orden i rutan. 1. Han var väldigt trött.
____________________________ 2. Jag var på fest i går.
____________________________
3. De var inte glada. tired not happy at a party good friends
____________________________ 4. Vi var goda vänner.
____________________________
När du ställer en fråga kommer was och were först i meningen, precis som "var" när du ställer en fråga på svenska. Was I late? Var jag sen? Were you late? Var du sen?
Was she late? Var hon sen? Was he late? Var han sen? Was it late? Var den sen?
Were we late? Var vi sena? Were you late? Var ni sena? Were they late? Var de sena?
D Skriv färdigt frågorna och svaren genom att fylla i rätt form av var på de tomma raderna. 1. __________ Diana a princess? Yes, she __________. 2. __________ there four apples in the basket?
No, there __________ not.
3. __________ I awake when you came? No, you __________ not. 4. __________ you angry with your brother? Yes, I __________. 5. __________ she nice to you? Yes, she __________.
E Skriv en fråga som passar till svaret under. 1. _____________________________________ ? Yes, it was a green sweater.
4. ______________________________________? Yes, you were talking too much.
2. ______________________________________? No, we were not at school last week.
5. _______________________________________? No, the dog's name was not Ben.
3. ______________________________________? No, she was not very tall.
6. _______________________________________? Yes, they were good friends. 3
2 BABIES, calves AND SHEEP Det vanligaste sättet att ange plural av ett substantiv är att lägga till -s eller -es: one car – many cars, one bus – many buses. På en del substantiv måste man ändra stavning istället. Det gäller bland annat för de flesta ord som slutar med -y, -f och -o: konsonant + y ändras till konsonant + -ies: one baby – two babies -f och -fe ändras till -ves: a calf – many calves, a knife – many knives -o blir till-oes: one potato – many potatoes Tänk på att regeln för -y inte gäller om det står en vokal före -y! one key – many keys
Det finns några substantiv som inte följer någon regel alls. De kan ändra stavningen i plural helt eller bara lite grann – och en del ändras inte alls. Lär dig de här orden utantill! woman – women kvinna – kvinnor man – men man – män tooth – teeth tand – tänder foot – feet fot – fötter child – children barn – (flera) barn sheep – sheep får – (flera) får
Practical Reading – The
Hospital It's autumn and leaves are swirling outside. Penny goes into the hospital. Lots of men and women are rushing around. She sees two women dressed in nurse's clothes coming towards her. They both have white scarves on their heads. One of the women smiles at Penny. Her teeth are very white. "Hello", the nurse says. "Can I help you?" Penny looks at her feet. She hasn't got any shoes on. She feels a bit stupid. "Well", the nurse says, "have you lost something?" Now Penny looks up. "Yes", she says. "I've lost my way. I want to go to the maternity ward. I want to see my mother and my newborn baby sister." The nurse smiles at her and takes her by the hand. "Come on then, children are not supposed to run around here all alone, it's just through this door", she says and points to a door a bit further on. They open the door and enter a room full of women and babies. Penny sees her mother at the back of the room. She is holding a little baby in her arms. She sees Penny and waves to her.
A Ringa in alla substantiv som står i plural i texten. 4
B Skriv orden i plural 1. one knife – many _________________
7. one country – two ________________
2. one boy – many __________________
8. one life – many ___________________
3. one family – two _________________
9. one hero – many _________________
4. one baby – many _________________
10. one pony – two __________________
5. one wolf – many _________________
11. one toy – many _________________
6. one lady – many __________________
12. one fly – many __________________
C Skriv rätt form av substantivet i meningarna. 1. She has lost two _________________. (tand)
2. There are many _______________ in this school. (barn)
3. I've got two ________________. (fot)
4. There are five _____________ in the field. (får)
5. Both ___________ and ____________ can be firemen. (man)
(kvinna)
D Översätt meningarna till engelska. 1. Jag äter två potatisar. ___________________________________________ 2. Peter skriver berättelser om får. ______________________________________ 3. Vargar är snälla. ___________________________________________________ 4. Flugor har många ben. ________________________________________________ 5. Det finns tio barn i klassen. __________________________________________ 6. Filmen har många hjältar. __________________________________________ 7. Många kvinnor och män tycker om kaffe. ___________________________________ 8. Nick har många leksaker. ____________________________________________ 9. Marian har två små ponnyer. _________________________________________ 10. Jägaren har många knivar. ____________________________________________
5
3 STOPPED, WALKED AND TALKED
!
Verb har olika tidsformer, tempus. En av formerna heter preteritum (tidigare kallat imperfekt), dåtid. Den används när man vill visa att något har hänt tidigare: Jag cyklade till skolan i morse. Det vanligaste sättet att bilda preteritum av ett verb i engelskan är att man lägger till -ed i slutet av ordet. Sådana verb kallas för regelbundna verb. talk (prata) – talked (pratade) laugh (skratta) – laughed (skrattade)
Practical Reading – Piip-piip
Mr Maloy parked his car in the garage. He opened the door and jumped out of the car. Then he closed the door and locked the car. Suddenly he heard a strange noise. "Piip-piip!" It came from the car. He looked behind the car. Nothing there! He looked in front of the car. Nothing there either! "Piip-piip!" There it was again! Mr Maloy scratched his head. Now he began to be a bit worried. He wanted to be in time for Mrs Newman's dinner. He opened the bonnet. Suddenly the sound was loud and clear. "PIIP-PIIP!!" Mr Maloy was very surprised. He couldn't believe his eyes: He was staring right into the eyes of a very frightened little chicken. "Piip-piip!" it said. "Piip-piip!". Mr Maloy laughed and cried out. "How on earth did you get there?" he asked the little creature. "Piip-piip!" the chicken answered. "Well", Mr Maloy said, "that must mean we will both go to Mrs Newman's dinner. I wonder what she will say about you, my friend". Mr Maloy put the little chicken in his pocket, closed the car and went out of the garage. As he walked towards Mrs Newman's house, people looked at him a bit strangely as he passed them. "Piip-piip", said his pocket, "piip-piip."
A
1. Stryk under alla regelbundna verb i preteritum i texten. 2. Ringa in all verb i preteritum som inte är regelbundna.
b Skriv de här regelbundna verben i preteritum. 1. snow ____________________
4. listen ____________________
7. ask ______________________
2. rain ______________________
5. laugh ____________________
8. clean ____________________
3. cough ____________________
6. start _____________________
9. mend ____________________
6
Ibland ändras stavningen framför –ed. När ett verb slutar med: • -e lägger man bara till ett -d: smile – smiled • vokal + en konsonant fördubblas konsonanten: stop – stopped • en konsonant + y ändras -y till -i: cry – cried
c Skriv färdigt meningarna. Skriv verben i preteritum. 1. We ____________________ (walk) home that evening. 2. Yesterday we ____________________ (start) at nine. 3. The boy often ____________________ (cry). 4. The train ____________________ (stop) at the station. 5. My friend ____________________ (play) the guitar. 6. My father ____________________ (wash) the car. 7. The woman ____________________ (close) the door. 8. I ____________________ (study) very hard last year. 9. He ____________________ (listen) very carefully. 10. I ____________________ (brush) my hair.
D Skriv om meningarna i presens. 1. They laughed at a funny joke.
___________________________________________________
2. She played the drums.
___________________________________________________
3. We studied the map carefully.
___________________________________________________
4. They closed at eleven o'clock.
___________________________________________________
5. You stopped at red light.
___________________________________________________
6. He smiled at me.
___________________________________________________
e Översätt meningarna till engelska. 1. Jag cyklade hem till min kompis idag. ______________________________________________________ 2. Vi bodde i ett rött litet hus.
______________________________________________________
3. De städade rummet.
______________________________________________________
4. Han lyssnade på CD:n.
______________________________________________________
7
4 i HAD a cat Had är preteritum (dåtid) av verbet have. Had skrivs och sägs likadant i alla
!
personer. I had a cat. You had a cat. She had a cat. He had a cat. It had a cat.
Jag hade en katt. Du hade en katt. Hon hade en katt. Han hade en katt. Den hade en katt.
We had a cat. Vi hade en katt. You had a cat. Ni hade en katt. They had a cat. De hade en katt.
Practical Reading – The Dream It was my birthday. I had a big party with many guests and presents. The presents were on a round table in the living room. My mum had a beautiful dress on and looked like a princess. She smiled at my dad, who had a grey suit on. Something felt very strange though, as some of the guests had funny ears and some had no hair at all. My best friend Tess had her swimsuit on. "I just had a dip in the pool", she said, when I asked why. Strange, it was midwinter and we had no swimming pool. "Time to open your presents!" Mum had a nice smile on her face. I went to the round table. I had just got there and was reaching out for one of the presents when suddenly all the presents went up in smoke! "Happy Birthday!", everyone shouted. I had dreamt it all!
A Stryk under alla ord som betyder "hade" i texten. B Översätt meningarna till svenska. 1. I had a bad dream last night. ____________________________________________________________ 2. We have four beds in our room. ____________________________________________________________ 3. They had a good time. ____________________________________________________________ 8
4. The mouse has cheese in its mouth. __________________________________________________________ 5. You had nothing to say. __________________________________________________________
C Skriv vad djuren/personerna hade. Titta på bilden. 1. She _______________________________________ 2. The cat ____________________________________ 3. Paul _______________________________________ 4. They ______________________________________ 5. Grandmother _______________________________
Har haft heter have had eller has had på engelska. Det är bara have som kommer först som böjs efter person. Had heter alltid likadant. I have had a very good time. She has had a very good time.
Jag har haft väldigt roligt. Hon har haft väldigt roligt.
D Översätt meningarna till engelska. Använd rätt form av verbet have. 1. Vi har haft en blå bil.
_________________________________________________
2. Tina hade en vit katt.
_________________________________________________
3. De hade en stor trädgård.
_________________________________________________
4. Hunden har fyra ben.
_________________________________________________
5. Vem hade bollen?
_________________________________________________
6. Ni har många djur.
_________________________________________________
7. Han har haft två cyklar.
_________________________________________________
8. Jag har en storasyster.
_________________________________________________
9. Du hade en fin jumper.
_________________________________________________
10. Per har en liten mus.
_________________________________________________
11. Vi hade roligt.
_________________________________________________
12. Miss Amani har haft en kanin.
_________________________________________________ 9
5 WHO AND WHICH
!
Som, vilken, vilket och vilka kallas för relativa pronomen. Relativa pronomen används för att syfta tillbaka på saker, personer och djur: Pojken som bor i huset. I engelskan finns det flera relativa pronomen. Två av dem är who och which. Who använder man om personer, which om saker och djur. Is Laura the girl who is singing? Är Laura flickan som sjunger? Buddy is the cat which is asleep. Buddy är katten som sover.
Practical Reading – The
Key "Hello! Are you the girl who lives in this house?" I turned around and looked into the eyes of the boy who had just run after me. "Why, yes I am", I answered. "You see", the boy said "I found this key outside your door the other day. Is it yours?" I looked at the key in the boy's hand and yes, it was the key which I had been looking for, for two days! "Thank you very much", I said to the boy. "Never mind, I'm normally the person who loses things all the time", he said. "My name is Benny, by the way. I've just moved into the green house which is just around the corner." "Well", I said, "my name is Jessica and I'm the owner of the white cat which sometimes goes into your garden. I'm sorry about that." "That doesn't matter, it's just my mum who gets a bit upset sometimes", Benny said. "Anyway, we have to rush to school now. Let's go together!" I looked at him. He was really very cute. "Yes", I said, "let's go together."
A Stryk under alla relativa pronomen i texten. B Ringa in det rätta pronomenet. 1. This is Emma who
which
2. I know a person who
which
3. Alfred Nobel is the man who 10
lives in London. won the lottery. which
invented dynamite.
4. The bike who
which
5. I have a rabbit who
is green is mine.
which
6. There is the pen who
eats carrots out of my hand.
which
7. Our cousins have a horse who 8. A garage is a place in who 9. I have a bird who
which
I was looking for! which
which
runs fast.
you put your car.
can talk.
C Skriv färdigt meningarna med hjälp av who eller which och orden i rutan. 1. A cat is an animal ______________________________. 2. My grandmother is the only one ______________________________.
likes rats drinks tea
3. This is the car __________________________________.
won the race
4. A secretary is a person ______________________________________.
works in an office
5. I have a computer ___________________________________.
is brand new
6. Here is the photo ______________ I took ______________________.
on my trip
D Översätt meningarna till engelska. 1. Jag känner en flicka som bor i Spanien.
__________________________________________________________________ 2. Där är musen som katten vill äta!
__________________________________________________________________ 3. Här är Thomas som är min bäste vän.
__________________________________________________________________ 4. Där är pojkarna som bor granne med mig (next door)!
___________________________________________________________________ 5. Boken som jag läser är spännande.
___________________________________________________________________ 11
Anna Collins
Grammie presenterar och övar den grundläggande engelska grammatiken. Facit till övningarna i Grammie och diagnoser med facit finns i separata häften. I serien ingår:
Grammie 1
Grammie 2
Grammie 3
• am, are, is • a, an, the • dog, dogs • have, has • play, plays • frågeord • tidsangivelser • this, that • adjektiv • prepositioner • there is, there are • my, mine • do, does i frågor • pågående form
• was, were • plural • regelbundna verb • had • who, which • go, goes • did • personliga pronomen • tidsprepositioner • my, mine • some, any • pågående form preteritum • apostrofgenitiv • komparation adjektiv
• räkneord • oregelbundna verb • oräknebara substantiv • a lot of, a few • framtid • someone, anyone • he is nice, isn’t he? • happy, happily • can, may • so, such • must, have to • aktiv och passiv form • pågående form • pluskvamperfekt
Art.nr 35265
www.studentlitteratur.se
978-91-44-07388-0_05_cover.indd 1
2016-01-28 14:16