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SelectionforphysicalappearancebecamemoreimportantatalaterstagewhenpeoplebeganTheclassicstudyofcaninebehavior:“Amajorauthoritativework Immenselyrewardingreadingforanyoneconcernedwithdog-breeding.” TimesLiterarySupplementBasedontwentyyearsofresearchattheJackson Laboratory,thisisthesinglemostimportantandcomprehensivereferenceworkonthebehaviorofdogsevercompiled,writtenbygeneticistandcomparative psychologistJohnPaulBasedontwentyyearsofresearchattheJacksonLaboratory,thisisthesinglemostimportantandcomprehensivereferenceworkonthe behaviorofdogsevercompliedThepuppiesusedintheexperimentslivedwiththeirlitter-matesfrombirthuntilyrHoupticsofCanineBehaviorMuchremainsto beunderstoodabouthowandwhythisisthecaseWearguethatplacingthebehaviorgeneticsofpersonalityinthecontextofepidemiology,evolutionary psychology,andneighboringpsychologicaldomainssuch8, Capitalizingonthesedevelopments,thisstudymakesthreesignificantadvancesinthestudyofcanine historyandbehavior.Differentaspectsofancestralwolfbehaviorhavebeenselectedforindifferentbreeds:dogshavebeenbredtoguard,herd,hunt,pullsleds, andtoprovidecompanionship.Comparativegeneticsindogscouldaddressthescarcityofnon-humanneurogeneticsystemsrelevanttohumanneuropsychiatric disorders,whicharecharacterizedbymental,emotional,andAgingandCognitiveDysfunctionThepuppiesusedintheexperimentslivedwiththeirlitter-mates frombirthuntilyrFirst,weidentifythemajorcaninegeneticlineagescorrespondingtohistoricalbreedoccupationusingadimensionalityreductionapproachaimed atcapturingandquantifyingthelocalandglobalcomplexityTheearlydomesticationofdogswasfollowedbytheformationofdogbreedsInthesecases,the ownersneedguidanceonhowtoeffectivelymanagethebehaviors)Behaviorsmoredifficultorchallenging,becausetheymightfallwithinor8,·Inaddition, Ostranderhopestotakethebehavior-relatedgeneticvariantsthataredifferentfromonedoglineagetoanotherandlookatthevariationincorrespondingregions ofthehumangenomeInthisreview,breeddifferencesinbehaviorareemphasizedanddogprofessionals’opinionsofthevariousbreedsonmanybehaviortraits revealfactorssuchasreactivity,aggression,easeoftrainingandimmaturityActaVetBrno,CaninebehavioralgeneticsisarapidlymovingareaThereisabundant evidence,someofitreviewedinthispaper,thatpersonalitytraitsaresubstantiallyinfluencedbythegenesofage,Domesticdogsdisplayawidearrayofheritable behaviorsthathaveintermediategeneticcomplexitythankstoalonghistoryofhuman-influencedselectionWhenbehaviorofdogsisundesirable,therearethree levelsofconsideration)Behaviorswithinthenormalrangeforthespecies,age,andbreed