Molecular Pathology
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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Requires fluorescent ! tag for desired cell!
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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The two faces of a membrane are asymmetric in terms of lipid and protein composition!
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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“The Fluid Mosaic Model”!
Mobility (diffusion) of a given membrane components depends on:! the size of the molecule! its interactions with other molecules! temperature! lipid composition (tails, cholesterol)! Mobility can be measured by “FRAP”!
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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A, G, T, C are present in DNA! A, G, U, C are present in RNA !
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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Hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs (A-T or G-C) holds the two ! strands together!
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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supercoiled!
Molecular Biology Principles
relaxed!
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
Molecular Biology Principles
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
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Molecular Pathology
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2nd base U
1st base – 3rd base in each row
U
C
A
G
Molecular Biology Principles
C
Basic
G
Acidic
UUU (Phe/F)
UCU (Ser/S)
UAU (Tyr/T)
A
UGU (Cys/C)
Polar
UUC (Phe/F)
UCC (Ser/S)
UAC (Tyr/T)
UGC (Cys/C)
UUA (Leu/L)
UCA (Ser/S)
UAA -‐ Ochre (Stop)
UGA -‐ Opal (Stop)
UUG (Leu/L)
UCG (Ser/S)
UAG -‐ Amber (Stop)
UGG (Trp/W)
CUU (Leu/L)
CCU (Pro/P)
CAU (His/H)
CGU (Arg/R)
CUC (Leu/L)
CCC (Pro/P)
CAC (His/H)
CGC (Arg/R)
CUA (Leu/L)
CCA (Pro/P)
CAA (Gln/Q)
CGA (Arg/R)
CUG (Leu/L)
CCG (Pro/P)
CAG (Gln/Q)
CGG (Arg/R)
AUU (Ile/I)
ACU (Thr/T)
AAU (Asn/N)
AGU (Ser/S)
AUC (Ile/I)
ACC (Thr/T)
AAC (Asn/N)
AGC (Ser/S)
AUA (Ile/I)
ACA (Thr/T)
AAA (Lys/K)
AGA (Arg/R)
AUG (Met/M)
ACG (Thr/T)
AAG (Lys/K)
AGG (Arg/R)
GUU (Val/V)
GCU (Ala/A)
GAU (Asp/D)
GGU (Gly/G)
GUC (Val/V)
GCC (Ala/A)
GAC (Asp/D)
GGC (Gly/G)
GUA (Val/V)
GCA (Ala/A)
GAA (Glu/E)
GGA (Gly/G)
GUG (Val/V)
GCG (Ala/A)
GAG (Glu/E)
GGG (Gly/G)
Nonpolar
“Ochre (Stop)” and “Amber (Stop)” named a^er the bacterial strains in which they were iden_fied. AUG is the most common ini_ator codon; GUG usually codes for valine, and CUG for arginine, but, rarely, these codons can also code for methionine to ini_ate an mRNA chain
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