Diabetes - An Awareness

DIABETES A VENOMOUS SNAKE! AN AWARENESS PROGRAMME 14TH MARCH 2010

Presented By – Dr N Navaneetharaja Enlightenment Circle, 2 Salisbury Road, London

AIMS To increase awareness of diabetes at community level.  To empower people to achieve better outcome in diabetes management.  To inform how diabetic care is delivered in general practice.  To explore potential strategies by which diabetes could be prevented or delayed at community level. 

WHY DIABETES IS IMPORTANT?     

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The global burden of diabetes is huge. By 2010 total number of people with diabetes is likely to reach 221 million The prevalence is still rising Diabetes is under diagnosed.

Prevalence in England is 3.63% [QOF-2006-2007] In the u .k, diabetes is the most common cause of acquired blindness, amputation, and chronic kidney disease in people younger than 65 Diabetes accounts for at least 5% of NHS and 9% of hospital cost Diabetes reduces life expectancy of people with :  Type 1 diabetes by at least 15 years  Type 2 diabetes by around 5 to 7 years At the time of diagnosis more than 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes have one or more complications

 What is this disease?  How many types are there?

 What are the causes?

The Pancreas

Diabetes Complications

WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES? Large Blood Vessels

Small Blood Vessels

Stroke (Brain Attack)

Eye

Heart Attack

Kidney

Foot Related Disease

Nerve Disorders

• Reduced life expectancy • Premature death

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Kidney Disease Here are six steps you can take to prevent diabetic nephropathy: •Control blood glucose •Control blood pressure •Control blood cholesterol •Don’t smoke •Avoid medications that can hurt your kidneys (such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) •Test urine for kidney function and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratios yearly

Diabetic Foot Disease

HOW IS TYPE 1 DIABETES TREATED? Taking Insulin injections  Healthy eating and  Exercising regularly 

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GOOD CONTROL OF TYPE 1 DIABETES WILL REDUCE THE CHANCES OF DEVELOPPING MORE SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS

HOW IS TYPE 2 DIABETES TREATED? TYPE 2 DIABETES IS TREATED BY  Healthy eating  Exercising regularly, and  Tablets or insulin may be needed in addition to healthy eating and exercises

THE FOOD PYRAMID

HOW IS OBESITY MEASURED? 

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BMI [Body Mass Index] is the standard used to measure over weight and obesity BMI= Weight (kg) (Height (m))²

BMI Normal

18- 25

Overweight

25- 30

Obesity class І

30- 35

class ІІ

35- 40

class ІІІ

> 40

MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES WHAT CAN YOU DO? DAIABETES IS A LIFE-LONG CONDITION WHICH YOU NEED TO TAKE IT SERIOUSLY  Managing your diabetes well is a balancing act where you have to manage your medication, with a healthy diet and physical activity  The management of diabetes most importantly involves self-care 

SELF-CARE OF DIABETES (SELF – MANAGEMENT)

HEALTHY EATING

MEDICATIONS FOR DIABETES

CHECKING YOUR DIABETES CONTROL

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES

SMOKING

WHAT IF YOU ARE OVERWEIGHT?

PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS Your eyes  Your kidneys  Your heart  Your feet  Other complications-Nerve damage 

DIABETES CARE PATHWAY 

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Newly diagnosed diabetic patient Diabetic annual check – The Alphabet Strategy –

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Advice -Lifestyle changes: Weight, Healthy eating, activity, smoking, alcohol BP Cholesterol Diabetic control Eye examination Feet examination Guardian drugs Heart risk score

SELF-CARE GOALS

DIABETES HAND HELD RECORD-DIABETES REVIEW RESULTS    

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HbA1c Weight Height BMI BP Cholesterol-TC,LDL,HDL,TG,Ratio[total/Hdl] Kidney function-Micro-albuminurea,Serm creatinin Foot Examination, Skin conditin,deformity,pulses,sensatin Eye examination- retinal ohotography,visual acuity,left eye right eye comments Referral to other health professional

PREVENTION OF DIABETES

ACTION REQUEST

CONCLUSION 

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Diabetes mellitus is a serious long-term condition The high social and economic burden of diabetes in Tamils is augmented by greater prevalence of renal and CVD. Targeted screening of high-risk Tamils; early diagnosis and vigorous treatment of CV risk factors is needed to reduce the risk of diabetes and its complications Strategies for preventing or at least delaying the onset of diabetes is feasible with vigorous lifestyle intervention and/or drug therapy in people at high-risk The greatest challenge lies in the development of culturally appropriate interventions using a whole community approach.

It is important that the interventions in diabetes in Tamils start early and involve families and communities.