Dilli Fateh da Nayak Sardar Baghel Singh - Dr. Harbhajan Singh Sekhon

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mu`K bMd h`QlI pusqk ‘id`lI &qih dw nwiek srdwr bGyl isMG’ dy mhwn kwrnwimAW ’qyy roSnI pwauNdI hY[ iesy ivSy sMbMDI pMjwb dy gUVH ieiqhwskwrW, qrkvwdIAW, AwlockW, sdw bhwr kvISrW, sMgIq klw iv`c Eqpoq FwfIAW ny vI srdwr bGyl isMG dI sUrmgqI nUM Awpxy Awpxy FMg nwl ibAwinAW hY[ smUh ilKwrI Aqy bolwry ieh drswauNdy hn ik sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny Awpxy gihr, gMBIr Aqy au~qm bolW nwl ihMdusqwn dI su`qI peI lokweI nUM kyvl jgwieAw hI nhIN blik aus nUM aunHW dy Gr Gr phuMc ky kljug dy J`KVW, qbwhI mcwaU AnyHrIAW Aqy jbr zulm ivru`D KVHw kr id`qw[ FwfI mu`KiqAwr isMG jI j&r ilKdy hn: BweI lwlo su`qw mulk jgwauxw cwhIdw[ sux Brwvw lwlo vylw eyho mMg kry, hukm d`sIey r`b dy ijhVy jwbr BMg kry, inrBY ho ky Fol ’qy f`gw lwauxw cwhIdw, BweI lwlo su`qw.........,[ loV smyN dI jwl qoVIey krmW BrmW dy, ByKI K`tx lwhw gux su`cy ny DrmW dy, bdI nwl nykI nUM hY tkrwauxw cwhIdw, BweI lwlo su`qw....[ iesy imSn nwl dsy hI gurU swihbwn juVy rhy[ aunHW AiqAwcwr dI AnyHrI dy ^wqmy leI by-imswl kurbwnIAW kIqIAW[ gurW dy ^wlsy ny A`j vI Awpxw imSn jwrI r`iKAw hoieAw hY[ is`KI dy auswrU ieiqhws iv`c pwrKU pwTk l`Bxgy ik zr, zorU qy zmIn leI siqgurW ny Xu`D nhIN kIqy sgoN ies nUM inkwridAW zulmW ivru`D hI twkrw kIqw[ ies ieiqhws dI Fu`kvIN qsvIr gur is`K hr roz Bog auprMq Klo ky Aqy dovyN h`Q joV ky sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI A`gy Ardws aucwrn krdy hn[ ieh ieiqhws sMKyp iv`c ieM\ hY: zr zorU zmIn dI Kwqr bVy hI Xu`D iCVy, by-ksUry ivhly vihSI cVH cVH Awx iBVy, (1)

siBAwqwvW nUM lw ky lWbU duSmx iPrn iKVy, kqlo gwrq, D`kySwhIAW dy pu`Ty KUh igVy, nw krnw, nw sihxw zulmW nUM, gur AwSy dy Pu`l iKVy[ eysy hI soc nUM mu`K r`K ky gurU m`q dy AnuXweI dunIAW dy hr kony iv`c lgwqwr is`KI dI cVHdI klw leI XqnSIl hn[ AjyhI lVI dw mhwn pwqr hY srdwr bGyl isMG[ auh Syr vrgw g`BrU, au~`cI su`cI soc dw mudeI. AxK dw muj`smw, fUMGw isAwsqdwn Aqy gurU mwrg ’qy Afol qurn vwlw ivl`Kx XoDw hY[ srdwr dI soc A`gy isr Jukdw hY ik aus ny smyN dy hwlwqW nwl smwnqw pUrbk nij`iTAw[ id`lI iv`c gurU GrW dI bhuq Swn Aqy mwxm`qI auswrI idRVqw sihq krvweI[ audoN qoN lY ky A`j q`k inrMqr SrDwlU auQy nqmsqk ho rhy hn[ Awp ny aus smyN id`lI Aqy pMjwb dy kw&I ih`sy ’qy rwj kIqw Aqy gurU dy nwm dy is`ky clwey[ Awaux vwlIAW pIVHIAW nUM rwj Bwg clwaux dI syD id`qI[ dunIAW nUM ds id`qw ik is`K rwj clwaux dI Xogqw rKdy hn[A`j kYnyfw Aqy hor mulkW iv`c is`K a`ucy AhuidAW ’qy ibrwjmwn hn[ ^ws g`l ieh hY ik A`j qoN vIh ku swl pihlW icMqkW nUM icMqw sI ik gurduAwry qW ivdySW iv`c auswry jw rhy hn pr jvwnI gurmiq nUM G`t hI ApxweygI[smW pw ky ieh g`l JUTI ho geI hY[gurU dI ikRpw idRStI sdkw gurU GrW iv`c pMjwbI, kIrqn, gurbwxI kMT mukwbilAW nwl nOjvwn pIVHI gurmiq vl Aw rhI hY, lMgrW dI syvw, KUndwn kYNp Aqy Bu`iKAW leI Bojn CkwieAw jw irhw hY[myrI soc muqwibk ieh sB ivkws BweI bGyl isMG dy supinAW dy pswr Aqy prswr dw srUp hn[ ieiqhws gvwh hY ik ijnHW ny vI in`q nvyN sMkt J`ly hox, aunHW leI SWq jIvn aukwaU ho jWdw hY[ iPr auh kuJ nvW krn leI qurdy hn[ XUnwn iv`c AOrq dw kMm XoDy jMmxw hY[ auh lok aus dI bhwdrI dIAW vwrW gwauNdy hn[ A&gwn siBAwcwr iv`c vI ies krm dI cVHq hY[ eyQy sUrmy nUM isrdwr jW srdwr boldy hn[ A&gwnW iv`c ieqnI sUrmgqI pYdw ho geI ik aunHW nUM koeI nhIN hrw sikAw[ rUs, AmrIkw qy brqwnIAW dy aunHW burI qrHW dMd K`ty kIqy[ pr jdoN aunHW dw vwh is`K sUrmy srdwr hrI isMG nlUey nwl ipAw qW ie`k idRSmeI vrqwrw vriqAw[ hrI isMG nlUey ny aunHW nUM rx q`qy iv`c AYsw roilAw ik aunHW (2)

dIAW AglIAW pIVHIAW vI A`j qk hrI isMG nUM ‘hrIAw-ry-rWgly’ kih ky frdIAW hn Aqy Awpxy b`icAW nUM frwauNdIAW hn[ aus ij`q auprMq isrdwr jW srdwr Sbd isMGW leI ie`k iKqwb dy rUp iv`c pyS hoieAw[ srdwr jogw isMG jogI ies idRS nUM ieM\ ibAwn krdy hn: AwauNdw joS juAwnI dw KUn AMdr, fOly bIrqw dy iPr Prkdy ny[ audoN mrdW idAW pu`qW dI prK huMdI, jdoN rx AMdr KMfy KVkdy ny[ bIqy smyN dIAW GtnwvW nUM ieiqhws AwKdy hn ikauNik ies dIAW jVHW vrqmwn qy Biv`K iv`c huMdIAW hn[ shI ieiqhws ilKx leI nzrIAw s`cw-su`cw qy mh`qv pUrn hoxw cwhIdY, Aqy aus dw inBwA klwmeI hovy[ ies ksv`tI ’qy syKoN swihb dI ieh pusqk pUrI au~qrdI hY[ pusqk dw ivSw sMGrS iv`coN inkly ivkws vl syDq hY qy ieh ivkws A`j sMswr leI pRdrSk bx irhw hY[ ies swry idRS iv`c ds gurU sihbwn, AnykW ShId isMGW isMGxIAW, by-imswl sMGrSW dI ip`T BUmI dy drSn huMdy hn Aqy huMdy rihxgy[ eyfw v`fw Aqy mhwn ivSw sMKyp iv`c pyS kr dyxw klw dw kmwl hY[ ivSy AMdr bolI srl qy TyT pMjwbI hY[ muhwvry Aqy AKwxW dI vrqoN kmwl dI hY[ hux qW mihsUs ho irhw hY ik ieh igAwrHvIN pusqk ilK ky fwktr syKoN vDIAw Awlock, vDIAw ilKwrI qy vDIAw kvI bx gey hn[ Kudw A`gy Ardws hY ik ieh iesy hI lgn nwl hor ilKdy rihx dI dOV iv`c juty rihx[ imqI 12.11.2017

DMnvwd sihq[ surjIq isMG swbkw muKI pMjwbI ivBwg, gurU nwnk nYSnl kwlj nkodr, ijlHw jlMDr[

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do Sbd id`lI &qih dw nwiek srdwr bGyl isMG pusqk iv`c fw. hrBjn isMG syKoN ny bwbw bGyl isMG dy jIvn pMD nMU nvyN zwvIdy qoN pyS kIqw hY[auhnW ny bwbw bGyl isMG qoN pihlW bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dI Shwdq qoN lY ky id`lI dy lwl iklHy ’qy is`K pMQ dw kysrI JMfw Jlwaux q`k dy v`Ko-v`Kry pwswrW dI inSwndyhI krky is`K ieiqhws iv`c peIAW ^wmoSIAW nMU smkwlI smyN iv`c nvIN zbwn id`qI hY[ is`K ieiqhws dIAW tyFIAW-myFIAW ieiqhwsk guMJlW nUM isrP Akwdimkqw dy GVy-GVwey sWicAW iv`c nhIN smiJAw jw skdw[ ies leI h`QlI pusqk vrgIAW srl BwSw iv`c vDyry sOK Aqy ivsQwrmeI rUp iv`c isrjy ibrqWqW nUM shI syD dy skdIAW hn[ is`KW dI ieiqhwsk pRMprw hmySw hI ienklwbI ^mIr vwlI rhI hY[BwrqI p`Dr ’qy qW kI AMqr rwStrI p`Dr au~qy vI Swied hI koeI kOm AijhI hovy jo Awpxy leI nhIN blik dUsirAW dy DrmW nUM bcwaux leI kurbwnIAW krdI hovy[ gurU qyg bhwdr swihb, gurU Arjn dyv jI, gurU goibMd isMG jI, bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr, Awid qoN lY ky pqw nhIN ikMny XoDy ienklwbI ^mIr vwlI ieiqhwsk prMprw nUM hor mjbUq bxwauNdy hoey dunIAW iv~c ie`k imswl kr gey[ fw. hrBjn isMG dI ieh pusqk iv`c KwsIAq ieh hY ik Bwvukqw qoN au~pr au~T ky ieiqhws dI ie`k cMgI isrjnw hY[ ieh pusqk isrP is`K ieiqhws dI Kws jwxkwrI hI nhIN idMdI blik swfy sB dy jIx-QIx ’qy Ajoky smyN iv`c gMBIr svwl vI krdI hY ik jo A`j iqskwrq nzrW nwl is`KW nUM BwrqI p`Dr au~qy vyiKAw jWdw hY[auh ieh nhIN hn sgoN ieh hn ijnHW ny id`lI sB qoN pihlW ij`qI[A`j dy bwzwrU Xu`g iv`c ieh pusqk jdoN bu`DIjIvI lok is`KW dI ieiqhwsk prMprw sMbMDI mOn huMdy jw rhy hn qW swnUM Awpxy Awp nUM vMgwr pwauNdI hY, ies leI ies nUM jI AwieAW nUM kihxw bxdw hY[ imqI 31-01-2018 hrjIq isMG AisstYNt pRo&Ysr, pMjwbI ivBwg, gurU qyg bhwdr nySnl kwlj, dwKw[ (4)

BUimkw mrd-ey-kmwl sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny mnuKqw nUM shI, s`cw, sihj, sMqoK Aqy s`iBAk jIvn bxwaux leI bVw hI is`Dw Aqy swdw mwrg idKwieAw[ ienHW guxW dI pUrqI leI aunHW is`K kOm dI swjnw kIqI[ aunHW dyiKAw sMswr AMdr cwry pwsy kUV dw pswrw hY Aqy s`c KMB lw ky au~f igAw hY, pwp zorW qy hY Aqy zwlm lok lokweI nUM lu`t-pu`t Aqy ku`t rhy hn[ rwjy Syr vWg Boly Bwly ienswnW nUM mwr rhy hn Aqy aunHW dy mukdm r`q pI rhy hn[ gurU nwnk swihb ny Sbd dw dIvw jgw ky Awpxy im`Ty, ipAwry Aqy ienklwbI bolW nwl su`qy pey ihMd vwsIAW nUM jgwieAw Aqy gurU goibMd isMG ny Awpxy qIrW nwl ruVHI jWdI ihMd nUM bcwieAw[ dunIAW AMdr klm Aqy ikrpwn dI qwkq bVI SkqISwlI hY[ gurU swihbwn ny ieh dovyN qwkqW vrq ky hjwrW vrSW qoN gulwm clI Aw rhI ihMdusqwn dI jMqw nUM AwzwdI nwl ijauxw isKwieAw[ gurU jI ny smJwieAw: jy jIvY piq lQI jwie] sBu hrwmu jyqw ikCu Kwie] (142) Awaux vwly smyN AMdr ivdySI idRMidAW Aqy srkwrI idRMidAW nUM T`lH pwaux leI Aqy sdw leI AwzwdmeI jIvn ibqwaux leI ^wlsy dI swjnw kr id`qI[ gurU jI dI ikRpw idRStI sdkw is`K kOm AMdr smyN smyN ’qy bVy hI mrd-ey-mujwhd, joDy, sUrmy Aqy jWbwj pYdw hoey Aqy ho rhy hn[ ienHW AMdr Dur drgwhoN hI jIvn dwqy v`loN AYsI AscrjmeI joq qy jugq vwlI klw BrI huMdI hY ik auh byprvwh ho ky mnu`Kqw dy doKIAW nwl m`Qw lw ky aunHW v`loN kIqy kukrmW dI eIn mnvwauNdy hn[ ienHW zwlm kOmI hIirAW dI rihxI, bihxI qy kihxI, jIvn-jwc, nYiqk kdrW kImqW, rhu-rIqW, soc qy mwniskqw bhuq inrml, nykI BrI Aqy invyklI huMdI hY[ ienHW AgMmI, Adu`qI Aqy AnUpm mrdW ny BwvyN Awpxy jIvn kwl AMdr kukrmIAW, byDrmIAW Aqy duStW nwl jUJdy hoey Anigxq AOkVW hI kyvl nhIN J`lIAW sgoN ShwdqW vI id`qIAW pr Awpxy s`iBAwcwr Aqy ivrsy nUM AWc nhIN Awaux id`qI[ (5)

ATHwrvIN sdI AMdr pMjwb dI DrqI ’qy guxW dI Kwn, krmW dw blvwn Aqy ^wlsy dI Swn vwlw srdwr bGyl isMG DwlIvwl pYdw hoieAw[ is`K kOm dw ieh bhuq hI nyk, iemwndwr, idAwnqdwr, v&wdwr Aqy sdwcwr is`K sUrmw sI[ ies dw drSnI ichrw, fIlfOl vwlw srIr Aqy Syr-idl ihrdw sB nUM pRBwvq krdw sI[ ieh Ssqr-Asqr clwaux ’c bVw mwhr, GoiVAW dw cMgw pwrKU Aqy rwj pRbMD clwaux leI vDIAw sUJ-bUJ rKdw sI[ ieh isAwsq iv`c prly drjy dw mwhr, idmwgI qOr ’qy cyqMn Aqy Awpxy inSwny dI pUrqI leI byprvwh ho ky jdo jihd jwrI rKdw sI[ ienHW ivSyS guxW kwrn ies nUM kRoV isMGIAw imsl dI srdwrI prwpq hoeI[ dunIAW AMdr srdwr dI pdvI bVI mhwn mMnI geI hY[ BweI kwnH isMG nwBw ny Awpxy ‘Sbd koS’ iv`c srdwr dI sMgXw nUM pRDwn, muKIAw jW SRoRmxI bMdw iliKAw hY[ srdwr &wrsI dw Sbd hY Aqy ‘sr’ qy ‘dwr’ do SbdW dw sumyl hY[ sr dw Bwv hY ‘AxK’ Aqy ‘dwr’ dw Bwv hY ‘sUlI’[ so srdwr aus bMdy leI vriqAw jWdw hY ijhVw AxK dI ^wqr sUlI ’qy cVHn dI ihMmq rKdw hovy[ ie`k kvI ny srdwr dI prIBwSw ieM\ bAwn kIqI hY: idl-b-idldwr bdyh, qW qo idldwr SvI[ sr bsrdwr binh, qW qo srdwr SvI[ Bwv auh bMdw ijhVw Awpxy ipAwry nUM idl ByNt kr dvy qW auh ipAwry dy smwn ho jWdw hY[ ArQwq jo Awpxy ieSt dy hukm iv`c cldw hoieAw Awpxw sIs aus A`gy ByNt kr dvy aus nUM ‘srdwr’ jW isrdwr kihMdy hn[ BweI nMd lwl jI goieAw AwpxI ikrq ‘ijMdgI nwmy’ iv`c ilKdy hn, gurU klgIDr dy nYxW dI nUrI Jlk nwl idldwr srdwr Aqy srdwr idldwr bx jWdw hY[ pr ieh Kyf g`lW bwqW dI nhIN isr DVH dI bwjI lwaux vwlI hY[ AwpxI ie`k gzl iv`c auh AMikq krdy hn:

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AY Pjl goieAw, Az ieSik E mj`n dm[ Ko pw inh`d drI rwh AW rW ik sr n bwSd[ Bwv AY goieAw! qUM g`pW nw mwr[ gurU nwl lwey ieSk dw hMkwr nw kr, ikauNik ies rwh ’qy pYr r`Kx vwly nUM AwpxI qlI ’qy sIs itkwauxw pYNdw hY[ kwdr dI kudrq AMdr Awm dyKx nUM imldw hY ik bhuigxqI G`t igxqI nUM Fwhux dw Xqn krdI hY Aqy qkVw mwVy nUM inglx dI qwV ’c rihMdw hY[mShUr khwvq hY ‘dunIAW mMndI zorW nUM koeI puCdw nhIN kmzorW nUM[’ sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ‘^wlsw pMQ’ dI swjnw kr Aqy gRMQ swihb nUM ‘gur g`dI’ bKS ky is`K kOm dy s`iBAwcwr Aqy ivrsy nUM sdw leI At`l r`Kx leI bhuq hI mhwn kwrj kIqw[ gurU swihb ny Awpxy ^wlsy nUM mnu`KI kdrW kImqW, kilAwx, pRym, BweIcwrw Aqy sdBwvnw mn iv`c Dwrn krn dw aupdyS id`qw[ aunHW dy bcn hn ‘Kwlsw Akwl purK kI &Oj] prgitE Kwlsw prmwqmw kI mOj] ieh ^wlsw &Oj Awaux vwly smyN AMdr dMBIAW, pwKMfIAW, pwpIAW Aqy jrvwixAW dw mUMh BMinAW krygI[ ies dw inSwnw grIbW, kmzorW, pIrW, PkIrW Aqy DrmIAW leI s`c, h`k, iensw& Aqy suqMqrqw pRdwn krwauxw hovygw[ pr ieh pRwpqI Ssqr Dwrn qoN ibnW AsMBv hY ikauNik m`Cry hoey dYNq, duSt Aqy lokweI dy doKI fMfy qoN ibnw is`Dy nhIN ho skdy[ ijvyN khwvq hY ‘fMfw pIr hY ibgiVAW iqgiVAW dw’[ BweI gudws jI (dUjy) AwpxI vwr AMdr gurU swihb dI krnI sMbMDI ilKdy hn: ‘inj pMQ clwieE Kwlsw Dir qyj krwrw! isr kys Dwir gih KVg ko sB dust pCwrw[ sIl jq kI k`C phir pkVo hQIAwrw[ sc Pqy bulweI gurU kI jIiqE rx Bwrw[ sB dYq Airin ky Gyr kir kIcY pRhwrw[

(7)

r`bI imhr Aqy guru ikRpw sdkw BweI bGyl isMG ny Awpxy jIvn AMdr id`lI dI mugl slqnq ’qy kbjw kr ky lwl iklyH ’qy ^wlsy dw kysrI inSwn swihb Jlwaux Aqy guruU swihbwn vloN pwey pYr, is`KW Aqy gurU qyg bhwdr jI v`loN id`qI ShIdI, sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI v`loN joqI joq smwaux, mwqw swihb kOr Aqy mwqw suMdr kOr dIAW rhwieS vwlIAW QwvW ’qy gurduAwrw swihb auswrn dw tIcw imQ ilAw[ ienHW piv`qr QwvW ’qy muglW ny is`K ieiqhws nUM imtwaux leI kbzw kr r`iKAw sI[ BwvyN ieh kMm bVw AOKw sI pr nykI vwlw sI[ SyK swAdI sIrwjI dy bol hn: dr Aml kos hrc KvwhI poS[qwj br sr n v ielm br doS[ Bwv sdw nyk kMm krn ’qy Aml kro, mjHbI pihrwvw pihn ky nykI dw isr ’qy qwj pihno jW AwpxI bWh nwl &qih dw icnH ltkwau[ srdwr bGyl isMG sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy bolW ’qy pihrw dy irhw sI : dyih isvw! vr muih iehY] suB krmn qy kbhu n troN] srdwr dy ihrdy AMdr gurU swihb dy ieh bcn vI gUMj rhy sn: q^q idlI pr bhygI Awp gurW dI &Oj[ cvr JulyNgy sIs pr bVI kryNgy mOj[ s`c mu`c hI bGyl isMG ny 40 hjwr isMGW dI &Oj lY ky fMky dI cot ’qy id`lI &qih kIqI[ ies sUrbIr, mrd-ey-mYdwn Aqy is`K sUrmy ny ieh mhwn bhwdrI vwlw kMm kr ky ieiqhws AMdr sUrjvq Awpxw nW cmkw id`qw[ ies Syr minMd sUrmy ny Awaux vwlIAW pIVIHAW nUM AxK, iezq Aqy Swn-SOkq vwlw jIvn ijaux dw rwh drswieAw[ ieh rsqw Awqm ivSvwS, Afolqw dI bVHq Aqy kOm cI cVHq nUM rUpmwn krdw hY Aqy nvyN hwlwqW nUM jnm idMdw hY[ ie`k Swier dy bol hn: dunIAW mY vhI kOm hY qwzIm ky kwbl ijs kOm ny hwlwq kw ruK moV dIAw ho[ (8)

mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy ivSwl is`K rwj sQwpq krn iv`c bGyl isMG v`loN drswey Swndwr Aqy gOrvmeI ivrsy ny mhwn BUimkw inBweI sI[ ies mhwn joDy, jrnYl Aqy gUVH nIqIvwn dy mn AMdr gurU Aqy guris`KI pRqI pRym Aqy auqSwh TwTW mwrdw sI[ ies ny id`lI slqnq dy bwdSwh Swh Awlm nwl kIqI iLKq Anuswr qkrIbn A`T mhIinAW ’c s`q gurUu Gr iqAwr krvw ky id`lI C`f id`qI[ ieh g`l drswauNdI hY ik srdwr bcnW ’c prp`k sI[ ieh id`loN swhsI, swlsI Aqy SqwbI sI[ id`lI C`fx smyN Swh Awlm ny Awpxy vzIr nUM snyhw dy ky G`ilAw ik bwdSwh slwmq quhwfy nwl imlxI krnw cwhuMdw hY qW srdwr ny byKO& ho ky kih id`qw, “swfI Awps iv`c imlxI AsMBv hY ikauNik ^wlsw iksy A`gy isr nhIN JkwauNdw[ qusIN qW hr smyN bwdSwh nUM slwmW krdy hoN”[ jdoN vzIr ny bwdSwh nUM srdwr dy AwKy ieh Sbd suxwey qW bwdSwh ny ikhw, “aunHW nUM AwKo qusIN isr au~cw kr ky Awau isr Jkwaux ’c kI ipAw[” ieM\ bGyl isMG ibnW sIs Jkwaux, SsqRDwrI ho, hwQI ’qy svwr ho mulwkwq leI isMGW smyq mugl drbwr ’c phuMicAw Aqy g`j ky &qih bulweI[ ieh g`l bGyl isMG dI AxK dw pRgtwvw krdI hY[ du`K dI g`l hY ik AYsy SkqISwlI, SwnmqIey Aqy mwxmqIey sUry nUM ieiqhwskwrW Aqy kOm dy lIfrW ny AxgOlw kIqw hoieAw hY[ dws dy mn AMdr is`KI dI rUhwnI ivcwrDwrw r`Kx vwly, krnI-kQnI dy pUry, sUry Aqy nUry ijs ny is`K ieiqhws nUM ruSnwieAw bwry ilKx sMbMDI BwrI rIJ aupjI[ srdwr bGyl isMG dI jIvn–gwQw dI sMpUrnqw leI dyS-ivdyS dIAW lwiebRyrIAW, v`K v`K XUnIvrstIAW dIAW lwiebRyrIAW ’c mOjUd ieiqhwsk gRMQW, pusqkW, rswilAW, p`qrkwvW Aqy AKbwrW pVcolIAW[ srdwr suKdyv isMG (syvw mukq) Qwnydwr ny vI cMgI Koj kr ky kuJ pMny ilK ky dws nUM id`qy[ dws aunHW dw qih idloN DMnvwdI hY[ pRo&Ysr srdwr surjIq isMG ny ies pusqk dy KrVy nUM bhuq hI bwrIkI nwl piVHAw[ pVH ky kuJ soDW kIqIAW Aqy ivSy sMbMDI cMgI slwhuqw vI kIqI[ dws v`loN ilKIAW sB pusqkW iv`c aunHW mu`K bMd ilK (9)

ky v`fI kwrguzwrI kIqI hY[ ies vwr ishq bhuqI cMgI nw hox kr ky dws v`loN kIqI bynqI ’qy nwh nhIN kIqI[ dws ies sMbMDI pRo&Ysr swihb dw AqI DMnvwdI hY[ dws pRo&Ysr hrjIq isMG gurU qyg bhwdr nYSnl kwlj, dwKw dw vI AqI DMnvwdI hY ijnHW ieh KrVw cMgI qrHW pVH Aqy GoK ky srdwr bGyl isMG pRqI kuJ vfmu`ly Sbd ilKy hn[ dws AwpxI Drm pqnI rwijMdr pwl kOr dw vI bhuq Sukr guzwr hY ijs ny ieh KrVw pVH ky kuJ soDW kIqIAW Aqy ies nUM hor idl iK`cvW bnwaux leI suJwA id`qy[ dws srlw rwxI dw vI bhuq Sukr guzwr hY ijs ny ieh KrVw bhuq rIJ nwl tweIp kIqw[ ieh pusqk ilKx smyN koiSS kIqI hY ik pMjwbI dy Awm vrqoN vwly Sbd vrqy jwx qW ik hr pwTk ies nUM cMgI qrHW smJ sky[ Aws kIqI jWdI hY ik pwTk jn ies pusqk nUM pVH ky is`K ieiqhws sMbMDI Awpxy igAwn iv`c vwDw krngy[ Awaux vwlIAW pIVHIAW leI vI ieh pusqk swriQk is`D hovygI[ imqI: 2.1.2018

DMnvwd swihq[

hrBjn isMG syKoN swbkw pRo&Ysr Aqy ieMcwrj dwl sYkSn, plWt brIifMg ivBwg, pMjwb KyqIbwVI XUnIvristI, luiDAwxw[

(10)

AiDAwie 1 jIvn pMD hzwroN brs nrigs AwpxI by-nUrI py roqI hY[ bVI muSikl sy hoqw hY cmn myN dIdwvr pYdw[ kudrq dw krqw sMswr dy aus iK`qy AMdr ij`Qy pwp, A`iqAwcwr Aqy zulm sB h`d-bMny t`p jwx, s`c Cup jwvy Aqy mnu`KI kdrW-kImqW qihs-nihs ho jwx qW AYsI hwlq nUM T`lHx leI mhwn SKsIAqW nUM jnm idMdw hY[ ienHW SKsIAqW jW ivAkqIqv rUhW iv`c auh krnIkQnI dy dYvI gux bKS ky ies DrqI ’qy Byjdw hY ijhVIAW gurUBgqI Aqy gurU SkqI duAwrw kOm dy roSn munwry bx ky prjw nUM su`K Aqy AwzwdI vwlw jIvn prdwn krvwauNdIAW hn[ auh pRBU v`loN id`qI bhwdrI dI dwq, igAwn, iDAwn, iviKAwn Aqy cVHdI klw vwlI joq Aqy jugq kwrn hr mYdwny &qih hI &qih pwauNdIAW hn[ AYsIAW SKsIAqW in`fr, inrvYr Aqy kRWqIkwrI huMdIAW hn Aqy Awpxy imSn dI pRwpqI leI hmySw Gol krdIAW hn BwvyN aunHW nUM ikqny vI kSt ikauN nw J`lxy pYx[ ATHwrvIN sdI AMdr 1730 eIsvIN nUM is`K kOm dw mhwn XoDw BweI bGyl isMG ipMf Jbwl izlHw AMimRqsr (A`j klH izlHw qrn qwrn) ivKy jnimAW[ Jbwl qrn qwrn qoN qkrIbn 13 iklomItr lihMdy vl Aqy AMimRqsr qoN vI ieqnI dUrI ’qy hI hY[ BweI swihb dy mwqw ipqw dw nW ieiqhws dy pMinAW ’qy auplBd nhIN hY Aqy nw hI ienHW dy mu`Fly jIvn bwry koeI vyrvw ikqy drz hY[ Jbwl ipMf dw is`K-ieiqhws iv`c gOrvmeI Xogdwn hY[ ies iv`c BweI lMgwh, mwqw Bwgo, srdwr gurbKS isMG, SmSyr isMG, srdwr krm isMG ihstorIAn Aqy JbwlIey vIrW srdwr Amr isMG, srdwr srmuK isMG Aqy srdwr jsvMq isMG ny Awpxy kurbwnIAW Bry jIvn nwL ies ngr nUM cwr cMd lwey hn[ ienHW gurduAwrw suDwr lihr ’c vD cVH ky Xogdwn pwieAw sI[ (11)

Jbwl ngr dw cODrI Abl KYr mMinAW pr-mMinAW sKI srvr sI Aqy sulqwnI m`q dw DwrnI sI[ ies dy pMj pu`qr jsqRIAw, ibMnW, suMdr, pyro Swh Aqy BweI lMgwh sn[ BweI lMgwh Aqy pyro Swh gurU Arjn dyv jI dy s`cy-su`cy is`K sn[ mwqw Bwgo pyro Swh dI poqrI Aqy mwlo Swh dI DI sI[ sRI gurU hir goibMd swihb jI dI bytI bIbI vIro dI SwdI vI Jbwl ivKy hI rcweI geI sI[ ie`k vwr id`lI q^q dy SihnSwh Akbr ny sRI gurU Amr dws jI dI hzUrI ’c sMgq dy nwl pMgq iv`c bYT ky prSwdw CikAw[ auprMq KuS ho ky aus ny gurU swihb nUM AwiKAw ik mYN lMgr leI kuJ jwgIr nwm lvwauxI cwhuMdw hW, myrI duAw kbUl kro[ gurU swihb ny au~qr id`qw, “rwjn! ieh gurU kw lMgr qW is`KW dI dsW nOhW dI kmweI nwL c`ldw hY Aqy c`ldw rhygw”[ qd Akbr ny bIbI BwnI pu`qrI gurU Amr dws jI nUM DI jwx ky swFy bwrW ipMfW dI jwgIr dw ptw ilK id`qw[ ies pty iv`c Jbwl Aqy pwiksqwn vl gey kuJ ipMf vI sn[ ies pty vwLy Kyqr dw nW ‘gurU kw c`k’ pRis`D ho igAw[ kyysr isMG iC`br bMswvlI nwmw iv`c AMikq krdy hn: p`tI kw qpw dy igAw, swfy bwrW gwauN[ Bgq isMG ny ‘ey ihstrI Aw& is`K imslz’ (A History of Sikh Misls) iv`c iliKAw hY ik srdwr bGyl isMG mwlvy ielwky dw sI[ aus dI BYx ‘suKW’ Jbwl ivAwhI hoeI sI[ bGyl isMG aus pws rihMdw sI Aqy lokW ny aus nUM JbwlIAw kihxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ pr ies g`l iv`c koeI vzn nhIN lgdw[ BwvyN Jbwl iv`c bhuq Gr iF`loN goq dy sn pr bGyl isMG DwlIvwl j`t sI[ ho skdw hY ies dy purKy iksy hor QW qoN ie`Qy Aw ky vsy hox[

bGyl isMG dI Skl-sUrq Aqy isrV srdwr ny ijauN hI hoS sMBwlI, juAwn hoieAw Aqy dunIAWdwrI iv`c pYr r`iKAw qW gurU Awsry ies au~pr is`KI dw rMg cVH igAw Aqy BweI kroVw isMG dy fyry syvw iv`c jut igAw[ fyry iv`c rih ky hI gurbwxI dw AiDAYn kIqw, Ssqr iv`idAw, GoV-svwrI, qIr-AMdwzI Awid is`KI[ iPr KMfy-bwty dI phul Ck isMG sz igAw[ kuJ smW (12)

ieh BweI kroVw isMG, ijs dy nW ’qy kRoV isMGIAw imsl AwrMB hoeI aus dw gVveI vI irhw[ dl ^wlsy iv`c Swiml ho kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw mYNbr bx igAw[ ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW Anuswr bGyl isMG dw srIr bVw sfOl, k`d-kwT cMgw, rMg sWvlw, A`KW BUrIAW, m`Qw cOVw Aqy ichrw jwhojlwl vwlw sI[ kroVw isMG dy fyry iv`c rihx kr ky AiDAwqmk p`KoN vI igAwnvwn, nymI, pRymI Aqy hlymI dw mwlk bx igAw sI[ kudrq vloN ieh qkdIr dw blI, qdbIr dw DnI Aqy zmIr dw gnI sI[ bGyl isMG srdwr v`fw idldwr Aqy XwrW dw Xwr sI[ ies dw srIr PurqIlw, CYl CbIlw, qwkqvr Aqy jzby BrUpr sI[ ieh mn kr ky sMqoKI, sbr vwlw AqI swhsI sI[ ieh gurU dw nUrw, sUrw, bcnW dw pUrw Aqy blkwrI XoDw sI[ gurU dy ieSk dw mnUr Aqy roSn idmwg kwrn hI BweI kroVw isMG ip`CoN kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw ieh srdwr bixAW[ srdwrI pRwpq kr ky BweI swihb ny gurmiq ivcwrDwrw dI Asrdwr BUimkw inBweI Aqy Awpxy PrzW nUM qoV AMqly smyN q`k pUrI zMumyvwrI sihq Adw kIqw[ kOm dI cVHdI klw leI mn iv`c cwA, KyVw Aqy iK`c sI[ ieh kmzorI Aqy kwierqw nUM v`fI burweI smJdw sI[ qwkqvr jrvwixAW Aqy mOlwixAW ivru`D ftx leI kwdry hrkwr Aqy ^wlsy dy swjnhwr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy muKwribMd qoN aucry ieh Sbd BweI swihb dy idl iv`c hmySw gUMjdy sn: dyih isvw! vr moih iehY] suB krmn qy kbhu n troN] n froN Air so jb jwie lroN] inscY kr ApnI jIq kroN] Ar isK hoN Apny hI mn ko] ieh lwlc hauN gux qau aucroN] jb Awv kI AauD inDwn bny] Aiq hI rx mih qb jUJ mroN] ieh Sbd is`K kOm dw kOmI qrwnw hY[ pr A`j klH keI qrkvwz Aqy cuMc igAwnI ‘isvw’ sbd nUM lY ky ieh qrk krdy hn ik ieh Sbd guruU goibMd isMG jI dw aucwrn kIqw hoieAw nhIN hY[ ‘isvw’ Sbd ArbI BwSw dw hY ijs dw Bwv hY ‘v`fw’[ so gurU swihb ny ie`Qy isvw Sbd Akwl purK leI vriqAw hY ikauNik auh sB qoN v`fw hY[ sRI guruU gRMQ swihb jI AMdr ‘isv SkqI’ Sbd keI vwr AwauNdw hY jo v`fI ArQwq mhwn SkqI dw pRqIk hY[ (13)

mnmohn bwvw ilKdy hn ik bGyl isMG bhuq huiSAwr bMdw sI[ auh jo vI kMm krdw sI pUrI Xojnw bxw ky isry cwVHdw sI[ aus ny mn hI mn iv`c inscw kIqw sI ik jy vwihgurU ny aus nUM id`lI dI &qih bKSI qW auh auhnW swry sQwnW ’qy gurdAwirAW dw inrmwx krygw, ij`Qy-ij`Qy gurUAW Aqy is`KW ny ShIdIAW id`qIAW jW crn pwey sn[ so ilKxw bxdw hY: bGyl isMG srdwr sI ikrdwr dw bhuq au~cw[ gulwmI dIAW jMjIrW qoVn leI aus imQ ilAw tIcw[ AwpxI sUrmgqI, bhwdrI, infrqw Aqy ivauNqGVqW nUM mu`K r`K ies jWbwz XoDy ny muglW dI lhU pIxI soc nUM jwx ky KMfw KVkwieAw Aqy BirSt rwjsI prxwlI nUM soDw lwieAw[ Awpxy hTIly, PurqIly Aqy roAb-dwb vwly subwE kwrn bGyl isMG ny is`KW dy pRBwv nUM AvD, au~qrwKMf Aqy id`lI q`k PYlwieAw[ ies ny kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw nwm bVw au~cw kIqw ijs kr ky ilKqW imldIAW hn: sB imsloN sy eyh vfyrI[ qwkqvr virAwm aucyrI[ hY bGyl isMG burI blwie[ sMg mJYl kIs smdwie[ (1054) (pMQ pRkwS) bGyl isMG nUM keI ilKwrIAW ny DrqI Dkyl isMG vI iliKAw hY ikauNik iehnW svYmwn dw jIvn AsMBv dyK kRWqIkwrI Aqy lok ihqkwrI muihMm iv`FI[ ies dI kmWf hyT jdoN sYink iksy ielwky ’qy cVHweI krdy sI qW ienHW nUM q`k mugl, mrh`ty jW ruhyly Qr-Qr kMbx l`g jWdy sI Aqy mYdwn C`f dOV jWdy sn[ ij`Qy ikqy duSmx nwL twkrw ho jWdw sI qW isMGW dy AwsmwnI ibjlI vWg ifgx sdkw duSmx nUM nwnI Xwd Aw jWdI sI[vYrIAW dy dl ieh vI kihMdy sn, “CyV AwpW fUmxW lIE ieh blwA burI AqIE”[ bGyl isMG dy bolW iv`c vI BwrI dm sI[ ies sMbMDI ie`k kvI dy bol hn: bGyl dI grjvIN Awvwz au~qy, gUMj duStW nUM soDx dI cVHI dyKI[ vyKI bIrqw bVI-by-h`d dyKI, FihMdI klw nw iksy vI GVI dyKI[ mugl DwV jW isr ’qy cVHI Aw ky, vrKw J`t qIrW dI krI dyKI[ ieh isrmOr XoDw bwj dI inAweIN duSmx ’qy tu`t ky pYNdw sI Aqy vYrI nUM icVI dI inAweIN smJdw sI[ gurUu Awsry ieh ijDr nUM vI (14)

qyg lY ky vDdw sI ij`q ies dy pYr cuMmdI sI[ gurbwxI vwk Anuswr isMG dI hwlq sI, “Awgwhw kU qRwiG ipCw Pyir n muhfVw’ Aqy qIrW, qlvwrW, bMdUkW Awid nwloN gurU ’qy v`D Brosw sI[ jYsy kvI inhwl isMG ilKdy hn: kwhUM ko Brosy hY zmIn ko zmwny bIc[ kwhUM ko Brosy zor cwkrI jhwz hY[ kwhUM ko Brosy cwru cwqurI clwkI dyK[ mo ko qo Brosy eyk gRMQ mhwrwj pY[ gurU dy hukm Aqy rzw iv`c rihxw hI is`KI dw prm Drm hY[ mhWkvI BweI sMqoK isMG dy bol hn: mu`KX Drm isKI ko eyhI[ jo Dwrih isK guruU sunyhI[ ijm piqbrqw iesqRI lCn[ piq AwgXw mih suKI ibc`Cn[ pRBu AwgXw mihN qQw sdIvw[ rhu rwjI bin gurmuK jIvw[

praupkwrI soc BweI bGyl isMG kyvl mhwn XoDw, jrnYl Aqy nIqIvwn hI nhIN sI sgoN s`cw-su`cw is`K vI sI[ aus AMdr is`KI pRqI ipAwr Aqy mzlUmW dI r`iKAw leI auqSwh TwTW mwrdw sI[ is`KI ivrsy AMdr Drm Aqy Srm mu`K g`lW hn Aqy iesqRI dw BwrI siqkwr hY[ is`K iesqRI ’qy ho rhI by-ruhmqI, SoSx, D`kw Aqy byiezqI nhIN jr skdw[ isMG srdwr ny mOq dI pRvwh nw kridAW ikqnI hI vwr jrvwixAW v`loN gulwm bxw ky iljw rhIAW hzwrW hI bhuU-bytIAW nUM aunHW dy pMjy iv`coN Cufw ky GroGr phuMcwieAw[ igAwnI igAwn isMG ilKdy hn ik jlwlwbwd dy hsn ^wn ny ie`k brwhmx dI bytI nUM jo bhuq suMdr sI, D`ky nwL AwpxI hrm iv`co r`iKAw hoieAw sI[ jdoN aus brwhmx ny bGyl isMG pws Aw ky ieh iviQAw suxweI qW qqkwl hI auQy phuMc ky aus lVkI nUM CufwieAw, hsn ^wn nUM pwr bulwieAw Aqy lVkI nUM aus dy Gr phuMcwieAw[ smrU bygm &rjwnw, jo id`lI qoN 90 iklomItr dI dUrI ’qy srDwnw dI Swsk sI ny, ie`k vwr bGyl isMG nUM p`qr iliKAw ik gulwm kwdr ruhylw AwpxI &Oj lY ky swfy ’qy cVHweI krn dI iqAwrI kr irhw hY[ ieh bVw hI Av`qw, inrdYqw, zwlm Aqy lu`tmwr krn vwlw hY (15)

ies qoN bcwaux leI swfI m`dd kro[ srdwr ny bygm dI m`dd leI &Oj dI iqAwrI krn dw hukm kIqw Aqy m`dd kIqI[ bygm ny smyN dIAW rwjnIqk prsiQqIAW nUM iDAwn gocry r`K id`lI dy bwdSwh Swh Awlm, mrwiTAW, PrMgIAW Aqy is`KW nwl cMgy dosqwnw sMbMD bxwey hoey sn (mnmohn bwvw)[ bygm smrU ie`k vwr ClONdI krnwl lwgy jo ik bGyl isMG dI rwjDwnI sI, srdwr nUM imlx AweI sI[ ies ny dyK r`iKAw sI ik bGyl isMG bVw bhwdr, sUJvwn Aqy rwjnIqI dy dwE-pycW nUM cMgI qrHW smJdw hY[ smrU &rjwnw ny bGyl isMG dI cVHq dyK nUM Kq iliKAw sI ik ruhyly mYnUM bVw qMg kr rhy hn[ bygm dw Kq pVHn swr bGyl isMG srGI vyly pMj hzwr GoV svwr lY ky srDwnw vl qur ipAw[ rsqy iv`c sUhIey ny ^br id`qI ik ruhyly lVweI leI pUrI iqAwrI iv`c hn[ ieh sux bGyl isMG dw KUn aubwly Kwx l`gw[jMg dw cwA cVH igAw[ isMGW dI &Oj AwauNdI dyK ruhyly dI &Oj ny goLIAW vrHwxIAW SurU kr id`qIAW[ isMGW ny vI ngwry ’qy cot lweI, nrisMGw vjwieAw Aqy ‘boly so inhwl’ dy jYkwirAW nwL AwkwS guMjw id`qw[ dohW qrPW qoN ie`k dUjy ’qy qlvwrW, BwilAW, briCAW Awid nwl hmly hox l`gy[ KUn dIAW DwrW sUrimAW dy srIrW ’coN vih qurIAW Aqy bhuq swry pRwx iqAwg rhy sn[ ruhyilAW nUM jMg ij`qx dI pUrI Aws sI ikauNik auh pUrI iqAwrI iv`c sn[ ieqny nUM smrU bygm dIAW qopW vI isMGW dI m`dd leI Aw geIAW[ qwrw isMG gYbw dy GoV svwrW ny ruhyilAW dy hoS-hvwS au~fw id`qy[ isMGW dy qwbV-qoV hmilAW ny ruhyilAW dy pYr auKwV id`qy Aqy AMq nUM mYdwn-ey-jMg C`f ky iq`qr ho gey[ jMg ij`qx auprMq bygm ny BweI bGyl isMG nUM Awpxy mh`l ’c bulwieAw, bVw Awdr mwx kIqw Aqy mu`KoN ieh Sbd AwKy: “mYN Awp jI dI bhuq Sukr guzwr hW jo qusIN vyly isr phuMc ky myrI AwbrUA nUM bcwieAw, nhIN qW ieh gulwm kwdr ruhylw bVw zwlm Aqy byrihm AwdmI hY”[ bGyl isMG ny au~qr id`qw, “bygm jI! is`KW ’qy mIr mMnU Aqy AOrMgzyb vrigAW ny bVy zulm kIqy pr AsIN qW gurU bKiSS sdkw kyvl ijMdw hI nhIN sgoN cVHdI klw iv`c hW”[ A`goN bygm ny iPr ieh Sbd AwKy, “bGyl isMG jI! ies ruhyly ny kuJ smW pihlW Sihr ’c kql-ey-Awm krvwieAw Aqy nvwb dIAW A`KW k`Fvw aus (16)

dIAW AOrqW Aqy DIAW dI iej`q lu`tI sI[ ieM\ srdwr bGyl isMG ny bygm smrU aur& &rjwnw dI loV smyN idloN m`dd kIqI Aqy bygm ny id`lI &qih krn auprMq bGyl isMG dI bwdSwh Swh Awlm dy vkIl rwm idAwl munSI nwl mulwkwq vkq Aihswn mMd ho ky vkwlq kIqI Aqy is`KW dy gMBIr msilAW nUM isry cVHwieAw sI[ Swh Awlm ny jdoN dyiKAw ik is`K lwl iklHy ’qy pUrI qrHW kwbj ho c`uky hn qW auh AwpxI jwn bcwaux leI iklHy ’coN doV igAw[ pr aus dIAW bygmW, dwsIAW Aqy b`cy Awid iklHy iv`c hI sn[ ijauN hI srdwr bGyl isMG nUM bwdSwh dy iklHy iv`coN inkl jwx dI ^br imlI qW aus ny isMGW nUM qwVnw kIqI ik koeI vI isMG bygmW nUM qMg nw kry Aqy nw hI ienHW vl mwVI nzr nwl q`ky[ srdwr ny bygmW dI sur`iKAw leI pUrw iDAwn r`Kx dw hukm kIqw[ ieh Gtnw drswauNdI hY ik BweI bGyl isMG dy mn AMdr iesqRI pRqI ikqnw siqkwr Aqy ipAwr sI[ auh gurU dy drswey aupdyS qoN jIvn Br kdy pry nhIN sI hoieAw[

bGyl isMG ny id`lI &qih krn qoN ielwvw jo hor m`lW mwrIAW bGyl isMG kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw isr k`F nyqw, sUJvwn guris`K, kOm dw ausreIAw Aqy isrl`Q XoDw sI[ kRoVw isMG dy AnuXweIAW iv`coN ieh sB qoN au~qm sUrmw Aqy aud`mI sI[ gokl cMd nwrMg dy kQn Anuswr ies dI srpRsqI hyT imsl ny BwrI SkqI hwsl kIqI[ ies ny QoHVy smyN iv`c hI Awpxy sYinkW dI igxqI 12 hzwr q`k vDw id`qI[ ipRMsIpl siqbIr isMG ilKdy hn ik bGyl isMG ny 30 hzwr isMGW dw dl kwiem kr ilAw sI[ ies dl dI m`dd nwl aus ny gMgw, jmnw Aqy duAwby dy ielwky nUM Awpxy kwbU kr ilAw sI[krqwr isMG klsIAW ilKdy hn: f`ly vwilAW Aqy bGyl isMG ny, duvwbw mlXw jor qlvwr BweI[ Swh vlI KW Kwn jlMDrI nUM, bwhr k`iFAw kr KuAwr BweI[ isMGW mlXw dyS krqwr isMGw, dyKo rMg hux qusIN krqwr BweI[ (krqwr isMG klsIAW, qyg ^wlsw iv`coN) (17)

jlMDr qoN lY ky pIlIBIq q`k Aqy AMbwly qoN AlIgVH q`k srdwr dw is`kw cldw sI[ dyiKAw jwvy qW ieqnI v`fI sYnw leI hiQAwrW, GoiVAW, rwSn pwxI Aqy qnKwh dw pRbMD krnw koeI Kwlw jI dw vwVw nhIN sI[ ie`k hunrvwn, isdkI, swhsI Aqy AklmMd sUrw hI ieqnI v`fI &OjI SkqI nUM Awpxy kwbU iv`c rK skdw hY[ ies dI ihMmq, jugq Aqy &iqhdwr socW nUM pitAwly dy rwjy Amr isMG nwl hoeI mulwkwq bwry rqn isMG BMgU ieM\ ibAwn krdy hn: bGyl isMG aus h`s kr khXo[ mulk lVy ibn ikn Cf dXo[(45) hm lrno mrno ikm sMgY[ Xh hY hmrI inq Kyl[(67) pMQ m`D hY gur kI Skiq[ pMQ m`D jip qpIey Bgq[ (99) ijvyN mxI dI pRwpqI leI s`p mwrnw pYNdw hY, ksqUrI vwsqy ihrn dw iSkwr krnw pYNdw hY, qyl k`Fx leI iqlW nUM pIVnw pYNdw hY, igrI hwsl krn leI nwrIAl nUM BMnxw pYNdw hY, iesy qrHW Drm, kOm Aqy dyS dI rKvwlI leI zwlm nUM soDx leI qlvwr pkVnI pYNdI hY[ gurU swihb dy vI bol hn ‘SsqRn ky ADIn hY rwj’[ dsvyN pwqSwh qlvwr dI SkqI bwry ilKdy hn: kwl qUhI kwlI quhI quhI qyg Aru qIr, quhI inSwnI jIq kI Awj quhI jgbIr] (dsm gMRQ) BweI bGyl isMG Xu`D klw dy cwry BydW (swm, dwm, dMf, Byq) qoN cMgI qrHW vwkP sI[ ie`k cMgy nIqIvwn Aqy AwdrS guris`K dI prIBwSw BweI inhwl isMG bVy BwvpUrvk SbdW iv`c vrnx krdy hn: Drm ko suqMqr audwrqw ky DrwDr, Boly Bwly Bwjqy Jkyl pRym rMg myN[ srb-loh ipAwry, Arb Krb lon drb bMD, nYk hU n grb puMn purb Xw ky sMg myN[ rqn isMG BMgU dy Sbd: jhW XuD kI jwrw hoie[ mrnY kY fr trY n soie[ jhW pMQ mYN bf pvY BIr[ fih Awp jwie qhW srIr[ 1780 eIsvI iv`c id`lI dy vzIr Abdulw Kwn ny Sihzwdw PrjMd nUM pitAwly dy hukmrwn srdwr Amr isMG nUM soDx leI &Oj dy ky (18)

ByijAw[ id`lI qoN pitAwly dy rsqy iv`c BweI bGyl isMG dw ielwkw sI[ ies ny pihlW qW &rjMd dI &Oj lMGx id`qI, pr jdoN ieh pitAwly phuMicAw qW bGyl isMG ny ip`Cw kr ky aus nUM Gyr ilAw Aqy PrjMd pwsoN glqI leI eIn mnvweI ik qUM swfy ielwky iv`coN lMGx qoN pihlW mnzUrI ikauN nhIN leI? ieiqhwskwr ilKdy hn ik id`lI qoN pMjwb vl jW pMjwb qoN id`lI vl aus smyN bGyl isMG dI AwigAw vgYr koeI vI hmlwvwr Aw jw nhIN sI skdw[ ieh vI p`Qr ’qy lkIr vwlI g`l hY ik isAwsq iv`c im`qr duSmx bx jWdw hY Aqy duSmx im`qr[ igAwnI igAwn isMG Anuswr bGyl isMG srdwr dI dlyrI, ihMmq Aqy bhwdrI p`KoN aus smyN qUqI bol rhI sI[ aus ny AlIgVH, Kujrw, cMdOsI, ietwvw,PrUKwbwd, murwdwbwd, AnUp Sihr, bulMd Sihr, bjnOr Awid ielwikAW dw mlIAwmyt kr id`qw sI[ ie`k vwr pitAwly dy rwjy Amr isMG ny lwgly is`K rwijAW Aqy bGyl isMG dy kuJ ielwky ’qy Awpxw kbzw jmw ilAw sI[ ieh dyK bGyl isMG ny nwhn dy rwjy pwsoN &OjI m`dd hwsl kr jMg dI iqAwrI kr leI[ sMn 1769 iv`c GuVwm dy AsQwn ’qy dohW dlW dw cMgw ByV hoieAw[ bGyl isMG dI &Oj dy kuJ sYinkW ny pitAwly Sihr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw jo ik GuVwm qoN 23 ku iklomItr ’qy hY pr Amr isMG dI &Oj ny mUMh qoVvW jvwb dy ky auh sYink Sihr qoN bwhr Ajy Dkyly hI sn ik ieqny nUM bGyl isMG sYinkW smyq pu`j igAw Aqy Amr isMG nUM ies A`gy Jukxw ipAw[ Amr isMG ny SWqI r`Kx leI Awpxw vkIl cYn isMG srdwr bGyl isMG pws ByijAw[ iPr dohW dI imlxI lihl ipMf ivKy hoeI[ Amr isMG ny srdwr bGyl isMG Aqy aus dy isr k`F srdwrW nUM iK`lq ByNt kIqI Aqy dosqwnw sMbMD bxwey[ ies auprMq bGyl isMG, Amr isMG dI m`dd krdw irhw[ rqn isMG BMgU ies im`qRqw bwry ilKdy hn: AOr bwq bhu kXw ilKy inB geI aun sMg dyh[ bcnn ky pUry purS pwlq qyaU snyh (115) 1785 eIsvI nUM srdwr bGyl isMG, srdwr gurid`q isMG Aqy j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ny jmnw pwr kr ky auprly duAwb (Upper Doab) ’qy lu`t mwr kr ky bVw seIAd Sihr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ ieh ielwkw jbIqw Kwn dy ADIn sI pr auh isMGW nUM rokx ’c As&l irhw[ (19)

13 jnvrI 1785 nUM bGyl isMG Aqy aus dy swQIAW ny 30 hzwr &Oz nwL brsI Aqy mihmUdpur jo seIAdW dy ipMf sn ’qy Awpxw AiDkwr jmw ilAw[ iPr jdoN ieh cMdOsI vl vDy qW is`K &Oj dI Awmd sux auQoN dw muKI bwno KW dOV igAw Aqy aus dy sihcwrI C`qU lwl Aqy soBw rwm vI iq`qr ho gey[ ieh AmIrW dw ielwkw sI Aqy ieQy qkrIbn do hzwr SwhUkwrW Aqy ibaupwrIAW dw v`fw kwrobwr cldw sI[hmly dOrwn isMGW dy h`Q v`fI igxqI iv`c Dn l`igAw[ ies auprMq isMDIAw dw pRqIinD hrjI AMbwjI smJOqy leI bGyl isMG kol AwieAw Aqy ieh g`lbwq keI idn c`ldI rhI[ 30 mwrc 1785 nUM is`KW Aqy mrh`itAW drimAwn ie`k sMDI hoeI ijs dy Sbd sn, “dohW DiVAW iv`c dosqI Aqy duSmxI, KuShwlI Aqy mMdhwlI prspr hovygI[ AwpsI &rk jW koJI hrkq jykr koeI idl iv`c r`Kygw jW sMDI Anuswr koeI iQVkygw qW r`b aus dI gvwhI Brygw[ dohy iDrW duSmx dI SkqI dw mukwblw rl ky krngIAW”[ jbIqw KW dw pu`qr gulwm kwdr KW ruhylw 1787 eIsvI iv`c id`lI dy bwdSwh ivru`D vYr Bwvnw r`Kx l`g igAw[ 30 Agsq 1787 nUM aus ny bGyl isMG nUM p`qr iliKAw ik qUM gulwm kwdr KW dy ielwky nUM Awpxy kbzy ’c kr lY[ pr gulwm kwdr KW dy 5 sqMbr 1787 vwly id`lI ’qy hmly dOrwn bGyl isMG ny ie`k Kq ’c iliKAw ik mYN kwdr KW dI shwieqw ies leI kIqI hY ikauNik isMDIAw ny swfI pRvwh nhIN kIqI sI[ kuJ smyN ip`CoN isMGW dI ruhyly nwl Axbx ho geI Aqy aus dy swry ielwky nUM hiQAw ilAw[ bUty Swh dI ilKq Anuswr bGyl isMG qkrIbn 12 swl pwxIpq Aqy id`lI dy ielwky ’c irhw[ ClONdI aus dI rwjDwnI sI[ ie`Qy aus ny bVw hI sw&-suQrw rwj pRbMD kIqw[ jlMDr, duAwb Aqy iSvwlk dIAW phwVIAW nyVy dy ielwky bGyl isMG dy Bwxjy hmIr isMG dy ADIn sn[ hmIr isMG dI mOq ip`CoN bGyl isMG jlMDr Aw gey[ ieQy phuMc ky srdwr ny Alvr dy izMmIdwr Aqy jgrwauN dy izMmIdwr rwey AilAwies kot Awid qoN swlwnw nzrwnw augrwhuxw SurU kr id`qw[ hirAwxw jo A`j klH huiSAwrpur izlHy iv`c pYNdw hY ivKy aus Awpxw mu`K d&qr bxw ilAw[ (20)

srdwr bGyl isMG dy BwvyN swrIAW imslW dy muKIAW nwl bhuq cMgy sMbMD sn pr knH`eIAw imsl dy jY isMG kwnHI dw aus dy mn AMdr BwrI siqkwr Aqy snyh sI[ jY isMG dI mOq auprMq knHeIAW dI bGyl isMG ny isr joV ky m`dd kIqI[ imswl vjoN jdoN kWgVy dw mugl Qwxydwr pRlok suDwr igAw qW kWgVy dy iklHy ’qy sihj rwm hjwrI Aqy jmWdwr zorwvr isMG knH`eIAw kwbj ho gey[ sMswr cMd ktoicAw ny jY isMG kn`HeIAw kol ieh ^br phuMcweI Aqy ienHW nUM iklHy ’coN k`Fx leI AwpxI Asmr`Qw pRgtweI qW jY isMG ny ies kMm leI bGyl isMG nUM AwiKAw[ aus smyN bGyl isMG Aqy jY isMG dy p`uqr gurbKS isMG ny sMswr cMd dI shwieqw kIqI[ bGyl isMG ieqnw cyqMn Aqy nIqIvwn sI ik aus ny iklHy dy nvyN rKvwilAW nUM iml ky suJw id`qw ik qusIN sMswr cMd qoN Awpxy inrbwh leI B`qw lY lau Aqy iklHw KwlI kr idau[ sihj rwm hjwrI Aqy jmWdwr zorwvr isMG ny ilKqI rUp ’c ieh g`l svIkwr kr iklHw KwlI kr id`qw[ pr ies auprMq bGyl isMG Aqy gurbKS isMG ny iklHw Awpxy ADIn kr ilAw[ sMswr cMd nUM pry kr kWgVy dw iklHw knH`eIAw imsl nUM sONp id`qw[ AlI-aud-eIn mu&qI Anuswr srdwr bGyl isMG ny iklHy ’coN imly Dn mwl dw kuJ ih`sw vI nw mMigAw[ ieh knH`eIAw pRqI aus dI nyVqw Aqy KulHidlI dw sbUq sI[ ie`k vwr jdoN &qih isMG pu`qr mihqwb isMG ny gulwb isMG BMgI dw swQ lY ky jYml isMG pu`qr hkIkq isMG knH`eIAw nUM kYdI bxw ilAw sI qW bGyl isMG ny ies dw ft ky ivroD kIqw Aqy jYml isMG nUM irhw kr ky hI dm ilAw[ sohn lwl sUrI ny 1885 eIsvI nUM ilKI pusqk, ‘aumdq-auqqvwrIK’, lwhOr dy pMnw 23 ’qy vrnx kIqw hY ik jY isMG knH`eIAw ny bGyl isMG dI m`dd nwl j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw nUM aus dy ielwky ’coN Dkyl id`qw[ ies bdly knH`eIAw ny kRoV isMGIAW dy muKI nUM bxdw ih`sw vI id`qw[sMn 1784 dI dIvwlI nUM dovyN srdwr AMimRqsr iek`Ty hoey[ iesy qrHW 1794 eIsvI nUM rwxI sdw kOr kn`HeIAw ny j`sw isMG rwmgVHIey nUM mYnI iklHy iv`c Gyrw pwieAw jo ibAws dirAw ’qy siQ`q sI qW bGyl isMG ny rwxI dw p`K pUirAw[ so: bGyl isMG sI swhsI sUrw[ is`K kOm dw sI Adu`qI nUrw[ isrV dw p`kw bcnw dw pUrw[ l`gx b`dl grjx jd mwry GUrw[ (21)

rwjnIqI iv`c inpuMnqw srdwr bGyl isMG bVw hI cqr, nIqIvwnUM Aqy kUtnIqI dw vI mwihr sI[ jdoN ieh pwxIpq Aw ky rihx l`gw qW ies ny su`KU isMG pohlI nUM rohqk, jINd Aqy gohwxw dy ielwikAW dw muKI bxw id`qw[ ieh ipMf rwey (jo ksUr dy Sihr iv`c pYNdw sI) A&gwn qoN AwieAw sI[ ies ny BweI bGyl isMG dI pRyrxw nwL AMimRq Ck ilAw Aqy BweI swihb dw gVveI vI irhw[ ieh kRoV isMGIAw imsl ’c rih ky cMgw GoV-svwr bx igAw sI Aqy bGyl isMG srdwr dw nwmvr SrDwlU bx igAw sI[ rohqk Awid ielwky dI vwgfor sMBwlx mgroN ies dy idmwg iv`c Awzwd hsqI dy qOr ’qy ivcrn dw &qUr vs igAw[ ie`k vwr BweI bGyl isMG ny ies nUM Aw ky imlx leI sunyhw ByijAw pr ieh gumwn iv`c Awaux kr ky imlx nw AwieAw Aqy bwgI sur vI Awlwpx l`gw[ ies dy mn iv`c sI ik bGyl isMG qW hux bu`Fw ho igAw hY myrw kuJ nhIN ibgwV skdw[ aus smyN srdwr ny AwpxI qjrbykwr isAwxp vrqI Aqy prym Bry l&jW ’c zrUr imlx leI dubwrw ilK ByijAw[ jdoN s`uKU isMG bGyl isMG nUM Aw ky imilAw qW aus ny ies nUM qkVI fWt pweI Aqy slwKW ’c bMd kr id`qw[ CyvyN ku idn bwhr k`F aus nUM AwiKAw, “qyry kol jo hY sB jbq, jwh ij`Qy jwxw”[ qd s`uKU isMG ny h`Q joV Arz kIqI ik mYnUM b^S idE, A`gy vwsqy mYN AYsI glqI nhIN krWgw[ bUty Swh AwpxI pu`sqk dy pMnw 221 ’qy ilKdw hY ik bGyl isMG ny aus nUM kyvl b^iSAw hI nhIN sI sgoN ie`k kImqI duSwlw Aqy GoVw dy ky ielwky dw iPr mwlk Qwp id`qw[ ieh Gtnw srdwr dI dirAwidlI dw pRgtwvw krdI hY[

bGyl isMG dw AMq srdwr bGyl isMG gurU dw lwl Aqy is`K kOm dw pwl, swrw jIvn byhwlo-byhwl Aqy inhwlo-inhwl ho AMq nUM hirAwxw (ijlHw huiSAwrpur) iv`c ibkRmI 1859 sMn 1802 nUM sohn lwl sUrI dI iLKq Anuswr sMswr qoN kUc kr igAw[ KuSvkq rwey AwpxI ikrq ‘ikqwby qvwrIKy pMjwb’ iv`c ilKdy hn ik srdwr bGyl isMG dIAW do srdwrnIAW (rwm kOr Aqy rwj kOr ) sn pr dohW dy koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[ srdwr ny qkrIbn (22)

60 swl Awpxy ielwikAW ’qy rwj kIqw[ ies Albyly, dlyr, byKO& Aqy DrmI XoDy dy sMswr qoN jwx nwL kOMm AMdr v`fw KlwA pYdw ho igAw[ srdwr dI mOq dw A&sos krn su`KU isMG hirAwxy AwieAw[ bGyl isMG dy sB imsldwrW Aqy qwbydwrW ny su`KU isMG nUM kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw muKI mMn ilAw pr bGyl isMG dIAW srdwrnIAW ny ies nUM muKI mMnx leI hwmI nw BrI[ kwrn ieh sI ik bGyl isMG dy prm im`qr gurbKS isMG dy pu`qr joD isMG ny Awpxy Awp nUM kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw vwrs hox dw AYlwn kr id`qw sI[ srdwr joD isMG klsIAW pu`qr srdwr gurbKS isMG klsIAW bMs dw moFI sI ny BweI bGyl isMG dI keI Xu`DW iv`c m`dd kIqI sI[ kuJ smW auprMq su`KU isMG v`fI srdwrnI rwm kOr dw swQ dyx l`g igAw pr imsldwr CotI srdwrnI rwj kOr nwL rL gey[ ies du&wV kwrn kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw BwrI nukswn hoieAw[ keI imsldwrW ny AwpxI Awzwd hsqI Dwrn kr leI[ su`KU isMG qlvx dy iklHy iv`c jw viVAw[ mihmUd KW vI ivroDI ho igAw Aqy aus ny qwrw isMG gYbw dy h`Q nwl h`Q imlwieAw[ AwKIr bUty Swh Anuswr imsl dw swrw ielwkw jo sqluj qoN pry dw sI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny Awpxy ADIn kr ilAw[ v`fI srdwrnI pws hirAwxy dw ielwkw sI ijs dI swlwnw Awmdn do l`K rupey dy krIb sI Aqy CotI CMdOlI dI mwlk sI Aqy ies dI Awmdn iqMn l`K sI pr ienHW dI mOq auprMq CotI srdwrnI dy ielwky ’qy AMgryz kwbz ho gey[ is`KI isdk vwLy jrnYl Aqy nwiek ny guruU Awsry bhuqw jIvn qlvwrW dIAW DwrW hyT ibqwieAw[ muglW, mrh`itAW Aqy ruhyilAW nwL sKq t`kr leI[ swrI izMdgI iksy dI tYN nhIN mMnI[ sB qoN v`fw aupkwr jo kIqw auh sI id`lI iv`c gurdAwrw swihbwn bxwauxy[ id`lI &qih kr ky, lwl iklHy ’qy kysrI inSwn Julw jdoN gurdAwirAW dI syvw krwaux auprMq pMjwb Awaux qoN pihlW bwdSwh Swh Awlm dy drbwr iv`c bwdSwh nUM ibnW sIs Jukwey, SSqrDwrI ho Aqy hwQI ’qy bYT ky mulwkwq leI phuMcy[ drbwr iv`c phuMc ky ‘vwihgurU jI kw Kwlsw Aqy vwihgurU jI kI &qih’ bulweI Aqy ‘boly so inhwl, siq sRI Akwl’ dy

(23)

jYkwry gjwey’[ ieh g`l BweI bGyl isMG dy isdk, zmIr Aqy is`K kOm dy nwiek hox nUM cwr cMd lwauNdI hY[ ies kr ky ilKxw bxdw hY: vwh srdwr bGyl isMG, isMGW dw srdwr[ auh g`ijAw id`lI jw ky, muglW dy drbwr[ aus Gyr leI id`lI zor nwl, qy mwrI jw llkwr[ inklo muglo lwl iklHy ’coN, hux ieh swfw drbwr[ isMG Jpty ibjlI vWgrW, mugl k`F ’qy bwhrbwr[ auQy JMfy kysrI Julw id`qy, kih ky boly so inhwl[ ieM\ mwrI id`lI isMG bGyl ny, Et q`k aus krqwr[ pRo&Ysr svrnjIq isMG dy ieh Sbd hn ik Agr dl ^wlsw qy bwkI imslW dy srdwr, srdwr bGyl isMG dw swQ idMdy qW is`K swry Bwrq iv`c rwj kr skdy sn[ ruhyly is`KW dy swQI bx gey sn, AMgryz dUr bYTy sn, mugl kmzor ho cu`ky sn qy mrh`ty au~Tx Xogy nhIN sn pr srdwrW dI AwpsI eIrKw qy pitAwLy dy rwjy Amr isMG dI duSmxI ny srdwr bGyl isMG hurW dw ^wlsw rwj sQwpq krn dw supnw pUrw nw hox id`qw qy AwKr ies supny nUM mn iv`c hI lY ky 1802 eIsvI iv`c guru-crnW iv`c jw ivrwjy[ so id`lI &qih kwrn vwLy ies mhwn nwiek nUM vwr vwr pRxwm ijs ny zwlm Aqy zulm nwL do h`Q kr ky kOm dIAW sdIAW dI gulwmI qy prwDInqw dIAW jMzIrW qoV ky pwS-pwS kr id`qIAW[ fwktr iekbwl dy bol hn: XkIN myNhkm, Aml pYhm, muh`bq &wiqho Awlm[ jhwid-izMdgwnI myN hYN iXh mrdoN kI SmSIry[ Aqy gulwmI myN nw kwm AwqI hYN SmSIry nw qdbIryN[ jy ho zOik-XkIN pYdw qo k`t jwqI hNY jMzIryN[

(24)

AiDAwie 2 bMdw isMG bhwdr dI Shwdq ip`CoN isMGW ’qy duKWq dw kihr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI nUr-ey-ielwhI ikRpw idRStI sdkw, AMimRq dw jwm pI ky lCmx dws vYrwgI swDU, bMdw isMG bhwdr dw iKqwb hwsl kr igAw[ gurU swihb dw hukm mMn ieh pMj isMGW (BweI ibnod isMG, BweI kwnH isMG, BweI dXw isMG, BweI bwj isMG Aqy BweI rwm isMG) dw jQw pMj qIrW, ie`k inSwn swihb (jo ^wlsy dI Awzwd hsqI dw pRqIk hY) Aqy ngwrw (jo cVHdI klw dI inSwnI hY) hwsl kr ky gurU jI dy bcnW ’qy Pu`l cVHwaux leI nMdyV qoN AkqUbr 1708 nUM Coty swihbzwidAW (bwbw zorwvr isMG Aqy bwbw &qih isMG) dy kwqlW dw mlIAwmyt krn leI pMjwb v`l quirAw[siqgurW ies nUM pMQ dI j`QydwrI soNp ky ieh Sbd aucwry: bMdw kIno is`K qb, qyg bhwdr nMd[ pWc bwn dy ieauN khXo, mwro jwie srhMd[ (isMG swgr ikRq vIr isMG bl) Bwv bMdy nUM is`K pMQ dw muKIAw QwipAw, KudmuKiqAwr nhIN[ siqgurW ny ASIrvwd dyx smyN AwiKAw, “^wlsy dI pMcwieq pMj isMG hn, jykr quhwnUM kdy du`K qklI&, AOkV jW Gwt pyS Awvy qW ienHW qoN Ardws krwauxI”[ sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ iv`c drz hY: ‘pMj isMG lY ky qU swQ[ krIN Ardws pUrI hoie Aws’[ hor AwiKAw, ‘pMQ dw vwsw pMjW iv`c hY Aqy kdy vI pMjW dy hukm dI AdUlI nhIN krnI[ Akwl purK ’qy Brosw r`Kxw hr mYdwn qyrI &qih hovygI’[ pwqSwh ny gurU ky is`KW nUM bMdy dI hr m`dd leI hukmnwmy ilK Byjy[ieh hukmnwmy dyK v`Ko v`K QwvW qoN isMG sUrmy Ssqr, GoVy qy Dn Awid lY ky DVw DV bMdy bhwdr nwl Aw rly[ rsqy iv`c pVwA dy dOrwn bMdw jdoN sMgqW nUM swihbzwidAW dy ShId krn dI idl-kMbwaU gwQw Awpxy AxIAwly, bIr rsI Aqy im`Ty bolW nwl suxwauNdw qy zwlmW dI suDweI leI auqyijq krdw qW auh mn iv`c socdy ik AYsI izMdgI nwloN Drm Xu`D iv`c Swml ho ky mr jwxw cMgw hY[ SrDwvwn sMgqW bMdy A`gy (25)

mohrW, gihixAW, k`piVAW, Anwj qy SsqrW dw Fyr lgw idMdIAW sn[ AwKIr bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr srihMd qoN 25 ku iklomItr dI dUrI ’qy c`pV-icVI, ij`Qy drKqW dy kw&I JuMf sn, dy AsQwn ’qy dlW smyq phuMc igAw[ muslm ilKwrI KwPI KW isMGW dI igxqI 40 hzwr ilKdw hY[ ie`Qy phuMc ky bMdy ny srihMd dy sUbydwr vzIr KW (Kwn vjIdy) nUM vMgwr BrI ic`TI ilKI ik qUM iqAwrI kr lY ijqnI qyry ’c ihMmq hY, isMG qyry ’qy cVHweI kr ky Aw rhy hn[ kyvl isMG inrdoS ic`TI dy mu`K SbdW nUM ieM\ ibAwn krdw hY: bMdw isMG bhwdr ilKdw, A`KW KolH ky pVH Eey Kwn[ cVH Awey ny isMG sUrmy, kr gurU dw hukm prvwn[ qYnUM ijauNdy nUM nI B`jx dyxgy, qyry pwpW dw hux hoaU Bugqwn[ ieiqhwsk izkr hY ik ieh ic`TI pVH ky vzIr KW ny bVHk mwr ky AwiKAw, ‘mYN ies bMdy nUM AYsw sbk isKwvWgw ’qy burI mOqy mwrWgw, is`KI ies ip`CoN qbwh ho jwvygI Aqy koeI vI bMdw iPr is`K nhIN bxygw’[ 12 meI 1710 nUM c`pV-ic`VI ivKy svyry hI jMg SurU ho geI[ dohW pwisAW dy sUrmy CwqIAW qwx ky Aqy joS hoS nwl ie`k dUjy ’qy vwr kr rhy sn[ muglW pws cMgw qopKwnW hox kr ky isMGW dw BwrI nukswn ho irhw sI[ grmI vI kVwky dI sI[ cwry pwsy mwr lau mwr lau dy Awvwjy gMUj rhy sn[ pr gurU dy rMg ’c rMgy hoey isMG nukswn hox dy bwvjUd muglW dy h`ly rok rhy sn[ DrqI lhU nwl rMgI geI[ Aihvwibsqwn dI ilKq muqwbk vzIr KW qyzI nwl A`gy viDAw Aqy bwj isMG nUM llkwr ky boilAw, “auey gMdy ku`qy huiSAwr ho jw”[ ieh kihMidAW aus ny bwj isMG ’qy nyjy nwl vwr kIqw pr bwj isMG ny bhuq PurqI nwl nyjw boc ilAw[ vzIr KW ny hwQI dI AMbwrI ’qy bYiTAW ie`k qIr bwj isMG v`l iK`c ky mwirAw ijhVw aus dI bWh iv`c l`igAw[ iPr auh qlvwr nwl vwr krn leI bwj isMG ’qy JpitAw[ bwj isMG ny llkwr ky AwiKAw, “isMGW idAw vYrIAw, hux qYnUM mOq bulw rhI hY[ hux mYdwn-ey-jMg iv`coN vYrIAw B`j ky nhIN jw skdw”[ ies lVweI dI kukVKohI dOrwn kudrqI &qih isMG vI aus nwl Aw iBiVAw[ &qih isMG ny vzIr KW dy AYsI qlvwr mwrI, ijhVI auhdy moFy nUM cIrdI hoeI kmr q`k jw phuMcI[ ieh hwQI qoN ifg ipAw qy ieqny nUM bwj isMG ny (26)

ies dI DOx ’qy gofw r`K kwbU kr ilAw[ ies nUM isMGW dy kwbU hoieAw dyK mugl &Oj jwnW bcw ky iq`qr ho geI[ mYdwn isMGW ny &qih kr vzIdy nUM drKq nwl bMnH ky pu`Tw ltkwieAw Aqy hyT A`g bwl ky A`Dw pc`Dw swiVAw Aqy Pyr bldW ip`Cy bMnH ky GVIs ky mwirAw[ gurbwxI AMdr pwpIAW pRqI bcn hn: grIbw aupir ij iKMjY dwVI pwrbRhim sw Agin mih swVI] pUrw inAwau kry krqwr] Apuny dws kau rwKnhwru](188) jy ko bhuq kry AhMkwru auh iKn mih rulqw KwkuU nwil](565) vzIr KW dw AMq kr ky isMGW ny srihMd &qih kIqI, su`cw nMd vrgy cMfwlW, dvYS BwvnW vwilAW Aqy sihbzwidAW nUM nIhW ’c icxw ky ShId krn vwilAW duStW nUM l`B l`B ky mwirAw[ BweI sMqoK isMG ilKdy hn: Koj Koj so mMgvwey[hwQ pwv kY nwk ktwey[ kyiqk ky kir kir muK kwry[ gDih cFwey vihr inkwry[ (sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRMQ) igAwnI igAwn isMG ilKdy hn: kyqk kuqXW qoN pVvwey[ kyqk DrqI AiDk gfwey[ bMdy mwr srMd ko gur bcn kmwey[ swihbzwidEN kw ley aun bYr mhwey[(pMQ pRkwS) ieQy ies jMg dw hwl kyvl tUk mwqR hI id`qw igAw hY ikauNik dws ny pihlW ilKI pusqk ‘srihMd ivjyqw bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr’ iv`c KolH ky vrnx kIqw hoieAw hY[ 14 meI 1710 nUM srihMd &qih kr ky ^wlseI kysrI JMfy Julw ky bMdy ny ‘^wlsw rwj’ sQwpq kIqw[ ieh pIrI qy mIrI ’qy inrBr ie`k hlymI rwj sI[ hlymI rwj dw Bwv hY ‘ijs rwj AMdr prjw nUM inAW imly, auh AwzwdI nwl pRsMn ic`q ho ky ivcry Aqy pwpIAW leI koeI QW nw hovy ArQwq h`k s`c qy inAW au~qy AwDwrq rwj[Ajyhy rwj nUM ‘rwj jog’ vI AwiKAw jWdw hY ikauNik AYsy rwj AMdr DrmIAW leI r`bI SkqI nwl juVn dw sMklp Aqy KulH-KyfH huMdI hY[bMdy dw clwieAw ^wlsw rwj sWJIvwlqw qy suqMqrqw dw pRqIk sI[pr JUiTAW, dYNqW, (27)

KUnI qy lutyirAW nMU ieh g`l nhIN sI BwauNdI[bMdy ny ies rwj nUM kwiem r`Kx leI A`q dw sMGrS kIqw[AwKIr r`bI rMg iv`c rMigAw hoieAw ieh inrBY, inrvYr Aqy ibbykI XoDw dsMbr 1716 nUM gurdws nMgl gVHI AMdr pey A`T mhIny dy Gyry auprMq qurkW ny kYdI bxw ilAw[ies ny Aqy nwL dy qkrIbn 300 isMGW ny Bu`K dy du`KoN Awpxy Awp nUM hvwly kIqw[auprMq jrvwixAW ny ienHW dy mUMh kwly kr ky isrW ’qy bWdr topIAW puAw ky h`Q pYr bMnH ky do do nUM aUTW, giDAW ’qy K`crW ’qy ibTw id`lI phuMcwieAw[rsqy iv`c ienHW nwl A`q dw GtIAw slUk kIqw igAw[aunHW aup`r gMd mMd su`itAw igAw, gwlI-gloc, B`dy T`Ty-mKOl qy kmIny qwhny mwry gey[id`lI ivKy drSk s`Xd muhMmd AwpxI ilKq qbsrq-aul-nzrIn iv`c ilKdw hY ik mYN ie`k is`K qoN ieSwry nwl p`uiCAw ik qusIN ieqnI BwrI gusqwKI qy aup`dr ikauN kIqw? qW aus ny Awpxy m`Qy ’qy h`Q r`K ky ieSwry nwl mYnUM smJw id`qw ik ieh swfI qkdIr iv`c iliKAw hoieAw hY Aqy AsIN r`b dy Bwxy AMdr KuS hW[ aus dI ies g`l ny mYnUM AnMidq kr id`qw Aqy gwA ky vI suxwieAw: mwQY jo Duir iliKAw su myit n skY koie] nwnk jo iliKAw so vrqdw so bUJY ijs no ndir hoie] (1ô13) &rKusIAr dy hukm Anuswr swry PVy isMGW nUM kql krn dw hukm ho igAw[koqvwlI dy srbrwh ny isMGW nUM jdoN ieh SwhI hukm suxwieAw ik jW muslmwn bx jwau jW mrn leI iqAwr ho jwau qW isMGW ny au~cI qy bulMd Awvwz iv`c AwiKAw, “swnUM is`KI ipAwrI hY Aqy mOq dI pRvwh nhIN”[ bs iPr 5 mwrc 1716 qoN hr roz 100 isMG kql krn leI koqvwlI kol bwhr iljwieAw jWdw sI[ KUMKwr qy Srwb dy nSy ’c Du`q jlwd qlvwrW aulwr ky hr isMG nUM kol blwauNdy qy gurU ky isMG jYkwry gjwauNdy ShIdI pRwpq krdy sn[ieh kqlogwrd 7 idn c`lI[muslmwn ilKwrI KwPI KW dI ilKq ‘muqKwb-aul-lbwb’ dy pMnw 76 Aqy AMgryz ilKwrI sI.Awr.ivlsn (C.R.Wilson) dI pusqk Early Annals of the English in Bengal dy pMnw 96 qoN 98 q`k ieh swkw drz hY[ie`k hor AMgryz iLKwrI AYliPnstn (Alfinston) ilKdw hY, ‘auh swry is`K A`q drzy dI mjbUq idlI nwl mry[aunHW nUM AwpxIAW ijMdW bcwaux vwsqy (28)

keI qrHW dy lwlc id`qy gey ik Drm iqAwg ky jwnW bcw lau pr sB ny AYsy lwlcW nUM iGRxW dI nzr nwL dyiKAw[auh kYsy Drm dy p`ky sn ik 740 is`K qsIhy Bog Bog ky ShId ho gey[ie`QoN qweIN ik rwh iv`c nv-ivAwhy PVHy gey ie`k is`K b`cy ny jwn bKSI ho jwx ’qy vI Aqy mW dy JUT bolx nwL ik myrw bytw is`K nhIN hY, ny ijMd bcwaux qoN ShId hoxw ibhqr smiJAw’[ sYrul muqwKrIn dy Sbd hn: “dr kuSqW Sudn Xky br dIgry sbkq my jusq vw imMnqy jlwd my nmUd ky A`vl Erw ibkusyd”[ Bwv kql hox leI hr ie`k isMG ie`k dUjy nwloN qyzI nwl A`gy v`Ddw sI qy jlwd dI imMnq krdw sI ik pihlW mYnUM kql kro[ 19 jUn 1716 dy idn bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy aus dy jrnYlW nUM ie`k jlUs dI Skl iv`c Kuvwjw kuqb-aud dIn bKiqAwr kwkI dy mkbry, jo mihrolI ivKy kuqb mInwr dy kol hY, ilAWdw igAw[bMdy bhwdr nUM jo lohy dy ipMjry iv`c bMd sI qy ip`Cy KVHy jrnYlW Kws kr BweI bwj isMG, BweI &qih isMG, BweI rwm isMG Awid nUM jdoN mOq dy Gwt auqwrn dw hukm hoieAw qW ienHW ny AwiKAw, “AsIN mOq nUM kbUldy hW qy mOq swfy leI Amr jIvn hY”[ieh juAwb suxidAW jlwdW ny swirAW dy sIs qlvwrW nwl DVW nwloN v`K kr id`qy[ ieh kqlogwrd bMdy nMU frwaux leI kIqI geI sI[ &rKusIAr ny bMdy qoN pu`iCAw, ‘mYN suixAW qyrw nW bMdw bhwdr hY, hux idKw koeI bhwdrI’[bMdy ny au~qr id`qw, “bwdSwh jy kr Ajy q`k myrI bhwdrI dw qYnUM pqw nhIN l`igAw qW A`j zrUr hI l`g jwvygw”[ bwdSwh ny A`gy AwiKAw, “bMdy! jy qUM ieslwm kbUl kr lvyN qW mYN qYnUM bhuq v`fw ruqbw dy skdw hW”[ auq`r sI, “mYnUM nw qW iksy ruqby dI, pdwrQ dI, Dn dI Aqy nw hI ijaux dI loV hY[mYN qW gurU dy bcnW qy pihrw dy irhw hW Aqy mOq kbUlx leI iqAwr hW”[ &ruKsIAr gu`sy iv`c boilAw, “hux d`s qUM ikhVI mOq mrnw cwhuMdw hNY? au~qr id`qw, “ijhVI mOq qUM Awp mrnw cwhuMdw hYN”[bMdy dw ieh vwk aus dI ShIdI qoN iqMn swl bwAd pUrw hoieAw ikauNik s`Xd BrwvW ny &ruKsIAr nUM aus dIAW A`KW k`F qsIhy dy ky mwirAw sI[ (29)

muglW ny jo bhuq hI iGnwauxI Aqy idl dihlwaux vwlI kwrvweI kIqI, Kw&I KW Anuswr jlwd ny bMdy dy 4 swlw lVky AjY isMG dw KMjr mwr ky qVPdw hoieAw lhU BirAw idl k`F ky bMdy dy mUMh iv`c pwaux dw Xqn kIqw pr aus ny mUMh bMd kr ilAw[iPr vih rhy KUn dy iC`ty bMdy dy mUMh ’qy mwry gey[sB dyKx vwilAW nUM ies g`l dw AcMBw hoieAw ik bMdw AYsI drdnwk Gtnw dyK vI pUrn qOr ’qy Aih`l bYTw sI[ iPr SwhI audyS imlx ’qy jlwd ny CurI nwl bMdw isMG bhwdr dIAW A`KW k`FIAW[ ies dy srIr ’qy lohy dy srIey grm kr ky lwey, jMbUrW nwl mws noicAw, iPr h`Q pYYr k`ty qy AwKIr qlvwr nwl srIr dy toty kr id`qy[AMq nUM bMdy dI rUh prm joq nwL iml geI Aqy vihSIpuxw ^qm ho igAw[muslmwn ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW drswauNdIAW hn ik ieqny kStW dy bwvjUd vI bMdw SWq ic`q, Aih`l, Afol, idRV Aqy iksy iksm dI qVPnw mihsUs nhIN sI kr irhw[ ieh A`q iBAwnk qy idl kMbwaU idRS dyKx vwly vI hYrwn sn ik bMdw kYsI AnoKI klw dw mwlk hY[ AYsI mhwn krnI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI bKiSS sdkw hI sI[srdwr surjIq isMG Albylw ny mhW nwiek bwbw bMdw isMG dI Afolqw bwry AwpxI kwiv rcnw iv`c ieM\ AMikq kIqw hY: AMg AMg pey k`tdy, bxy jlwd cMfwl[ mws jMbUrW nocdy, pr muK auhdy jlwl[ dono k`ty h`Q pYr, mMgI BIK nw KYr[ DrmoN mUl nw foilAw, qwx lgwieAw gYr[ Bwxw im`Tw mMinAw, nw koeI boly bol[ &qih jYkwrw C`ifAw, q^q id`lI igAw fol[ pw igAw isMG ShIdIAW, krz isroN auqwr[ dMg &rKusIAwr rih igAw, ASky khy pukwr[ bwjW vwly qoN imlI, is`KI dI ieh dwq[ s`c mu`c bwjW vwlVy, kIqI bKiSS Awp[ ieM\ is`K pMQ dw mhwn jrnYl sdw leI Amr ho igAw, ijvyN gurbwxI dy bol hn: sUrj ikrn imly jl kw jl hUAw rwm] joqI joq rlI spUrn QIAw rwm] (30)

^wlsy ’qy zulmW dI AMnHyrI Aqy ShwdqW dw AwrMB ShId dw fu`ilHAw KUn kdy AjweIN nhIN jWdw[ieh KUn Drm dw bIj hox kr ky s`c ’qy pihrw dyx leI DrmI, sukrmI Aqy AxKI XoiDAW nUM auqSwhq krdw hY[bMdy dI lwswnI Shwdq ip`CoN p`qw p`qw isMGW dw vYrI ho igAw[horW ny qW isMGW dy vYrI hoxw sI, bwdSwh bhwdr Swh ijs nUM sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny id`lI dy rwj q^q au~qy, aus dy Brw qwrw Awzm nUM jMg iv`c mwr ky ibTwieAw sI[aus ny gurU swihb dy joqI joq smwaux qoN bwAd Aqy bMdw bhwdr dy ^wlsw rwj smyN ieh Purmwn jwrI kIqw: ‘bhwdur Swh bIjwpur kI Pqy kir, nrbdw Awey, Xy qwhIN mo Kbr AweI, jo isMG nI lwhOr my Aml krI, nwnik gurU kw is`kw clwieAw[Ajmqy nwnik gurU hm jwhro hm bwq nsq[ bwdSwh isK kUM qMbIh vwsqy pMjwb gey[so hjwr isK mwir mudwry cuxwX dIey’[ ipAwrw isMG pdm sMKyp is`K ieiqhws dy pMnw 61-62 ’qy ilKdy hn, SwhI hukm Anuswr isMGW nUM cux cux ky mwirAw igAw[ ie`k hor Purmwn jwrI kIqw ik qmwm ihMdU dwVHIAW munvw lYx ikauNik aunHW Aqy is`KW dy drimAwn &rk dw pqw nhIN lgdw[ieauN mzbUrn bhuq swry ihMdUAW nUM AwpxIAW dwVHIAW ktwauxIAW peIAW[PrvrI 1712 eIsvI iv`c bhwdr Swh lwhOr ivKy ibmwr ho ky mr igAw[ ies ip`CoN &ruKsIAr id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYTw[ mYlkm dy Sbd hn ik aus smyN is`KW dy KUnI G`lUGwirAW dw zmwnw sI[ ies iBAwnk smyN is`KW ijqnIAW s`tW KwDIAW, auqny auh izAwdw auqWh au~Ty[ pMjwb dI KylH BUmI iv`c bhwdr isMGW dI kOm aus iK`do vW| sI ijs nUM sB pwisauN Tu`fy pY rhy hox, pr auh hmySw Awsmwn vl nUM auCldI jw rhI sI[ Asl iv`c isMGW dI kurbwnI ies KylH dI gu`fI cVHw rhI sI[ krnYl isMG pMCI dy bol hn: Cupwey Cup nhIN skqy ShIdoN ky iXh APswny[ Agr sUlI nw bolI qo lhU kI Dwr bolygI[ XugoN q`k roSnI imlqI rhygI ien icrwgoN sy[ ik hr loA Awpny prvwny kI jY jY kwr bolygI[ 17 ApRYl 1719 nUM &ruKsIAr nUM kql kr id`qw[ ies dI QW 1719 qoN 1748 q`k muhMmd Swh rMgIlw id`lI dy q^q ’qy irhw[ AYS pRsq hox (31)

kr ky cMgw rwj Bwg clwaux leI auh nwkwmXwb sI[ ies dI kmzorI q`k smyN dy hwkm Awp hudrIAW kr rhy sn[ lwhOr dw hwkm Abdul sm`d KW is`KW dI ienklwbI lihr dw mlIAwmyt krn ’qy qul igAw[ ies dI s^qI kwrn is`K qlvwrW, crKVIAW qy KMjrW dw iSkwr ho rhy sn[ BweI kwnH isMG jI ny 1720 eIsvI nUM AMimRqsr dIvwlI mOky srb`q ^wlsy dw iek`T kIqw[ ies smyN q`q Kwlsw ’qy bMdeI ^wlsw iv`c JgVw vI hoieAw pr BweI mnI isMG jI ny idAwnqdwrI vrq ky m`q-Byd dUr krvw id`qy[ Abdul sm`d KW is`KW dIAW srgrmIAW dyK idloN sV-bL irhw sI[ s`Xd muhMmd lqIP ilKdw hY ik aus ny hukm kIqw ik ij`Qy vI koeI is`K imly, mukw idau[ aus ny is`KW dI au~G-su`G dyx vwilAW, PV ky ilAwaux vwilAW Aqy mwrn vwilAW nUM ienwm vI AYsy r`Ky: d`sy jo ds dmVy pwvY[ pwie bIs isKrw pkrwvY[ pwie pcws ilAwvY jo sIs[ imly jwgIr kwm vf bIs[ (pMQ pRkwS, igAwnI igAwn isMG) ieh AYlwn sux gdwr muKbr Kws kr, CIinAW dw cODrI krmw, qlvMfI dw cODrI rwmw rMDwvw, jMifAwly dw srn dws huMdwlIAw, hirBgq inrMjnIAW, Awid lwlc bs ieqny hoey ik is`K BrwvW dy KUn dI holI Kyf Dn Aqy jwgIrW pRwpq krn l`g pey[ sMn 1726 ’c Abdul sm`D KW mulqwn dw sUbydwr Aqy ies dw pu`qr zkrIAW KW (Kwn bhwdr) lwhOr dw gvrnr bx igAw[ zkrIAw KW is`KW nUM nSt krn leI Awpxy ipau qoN vI keI h`Q aup`r sI[ ieh k`tVvwdI, ihMswvwdI, krUr Aqy KUMKwr idl vwlw sI[ ies qwnwSwhI, hMkwrI Aqy ivkwrI ny is`KW dy ivnwS leI l`k bMnH ilAw Aqy hukm jwrI kIqw, ‘myry ielwky iv`c is`K nw rihx id`qy jwx[ jy koeI is`K dI d`s pwvy, jW PVwvy, qW mwr ^qm kr idau[ jo is`KW dI m`dd krygw, auhnW nUM Awsrw dyvygw, jW auhnW nwL swk-sMbMD r`Kygw, aus nUM mOq dI szw id`qI jwvygI jW muslmwn bxwieAw jwvygw’[ iehnW hukmW qoN ielwvw is`KW leI sRI hirmMdr swihb jI dy drSn ieSnwn ’qy vI pwbMdI lgw id`qI[ BweI rqn isMG BMgU ‘pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS’ iv`c ilKdy hn:

(32)

jo isMGn ko koaU lukwvY[so vih ApnI jwn guAwvY[ Awey isMG bqwvY nwhIN[ vih BI ApnI ijMd guAwhI[ jo isMGn ko swk kryvy[ muslmwn so hovn lyvY[ jo isMGn ko dyvY nwj[ muslmwn kry iqn kwj[ AYsw Purmwn sux ky Aqy lwlc v`s ho isMGW dI Bwl iv`c gSqI sYink idn rwq qury iPrdy sn[jVoN hI isMGW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux leI zkrIey ny ielwky dy cODrIAW nUM lwhOr bulw ky frwieAw, DmkwieAw Aqy kMn kIqy[jo cODr dy Bu`iKAW ienHW cODrIAW ny kIqw sohx isMG sIql AwpxI kwiv rcnw ’c ieM\ ilKdy hn: cODrIAW ieh hukm pw bhu zulm kmwieAw[ is`KW nUM mrvwaux dw jd bIVw cwieAw[ dyS C`f ky ^wlsw prdys isDwieAw[ ‘sIql’ peIAW AOkVW kuC AMq nw AwieAw[ ipAwrw isMG pdm, ‘sMKyp is`K ieqhws’ dy pMnw 69-70 ’qy AMikq krdy hn, keI loBIAW AwpxIAW znwnIAW dy vwl k`t ky ienwm ley qy keIAW rwvI kMFy vsx vwly bycwry pcwiDAW (pMjwb dy d`Kx p`CmI ielwky nUM pcwD kihMdy sn Aqy auQoN dy vsnIkW nUM pcwDy) dy kys k`t ky rupey hwsl kIqy[.... isMGW leI isr lukwaux vwsqy koeI itkwxw vI nhIN sI, corI-CporI kdI ieQy, kdI auQy Bu`Kx-Bwxy auh idn-ktI krdy iPrdy sn[AwpxI CwqI ’qy p`Qr r`K ky gurU Awsry svYmwn Aqy AxK dw jIvn ijaux leI Gr bwr C`f ky ieh ivcwry jUJ rhy sn[ ‘rwj krygw ^wlsw’ ienHW dw jIvn audyS sI[Awpxy h`kW dI rwKI leI Aqy smUh prjw dy kilAwx Aqy iensw& leI ieh gurU dy ^wlsy mOq dy k&n isrW ’qy bMnHI iPrdy sn[bulHy Swh aus smyN dI hwlq dw pRgtwvw ies qrHW krdw hY: dr KulHw hSr Azwb dw[burw hwl hoieAw pMjwb dw[ fwktr ikrpwl isMG nwrMg dy Sbd hn, ‘isMG hoxw mOq lwVI nwl ivAwh krn dy brwbr sI[jy ie`k znwnI dUjI znwnI nUM pu`CdI ik qyry ikMny b`cy hn, “qW auh dsdI, b`cy qW cwr hn, pr ie`k AMimRq Ck ky isMG sj igAw hY”[ aus dy jvwb dw mqlb ieh sI ik auh ie`k qrHW isMG sj ky mOq dy hvwly ho c`ukw hY[ Asl iv`c loBIAW, hMkwrIAW Aqy (33)

JUiTAW nUM s`c cMgw nhIN lgdw, JUT bdI socdw hY Aqy s`c nykI locdw hY[sMswr AMdr mu`F kdImW qoN hI bdI qy nykI ’c ByV jwrI hY[nykI dw rsqw BlweI vwlw, ifgdy nUM shwrw dyx vwlw, fubdy nUM iknwrw dyx vwlw Aqy prySwn nUM idlwsw dyx vwlw huMdw hY jd ik bdI dI soc vwlw hmySw buirAweI icqvdw hY, KVHy nUM su`tx dI g`l krdw hY Aqy qrdy nUM fobx q`k jWdw hY[bdI kmwaux vwlw iksy dw im`q nhIN huMdw, kwdrXwr dy Sbd hn: fwl fMgxo s`p nhIN mUl jWdw, BwvyN l`p iv`c du`D ipAw mIAW[ burw bwj burweI QIN nw AwvY, l`K Blw ies nwl kmw mIAW[ pUCl ku`qy dI kdy nw hovy is`DI, bwrW brs BwvyN nVI iv`c pw mIAW[ kwdrXwr prnIq ’qy imLy bdlw, BwvyN lvy koeI l`K vwr Azmw mIAW[ BweI qwrw isMG vW, pu`qr gurdws isMG bhuq hI im`T-bolVw, KulH idlw, qIr-AMdwzI qy qlvwrbwzI iv`c bhuq hI inpuMn sI[ vW ipMf iv`c ies dw vwVw sI Aqy ieh hwkmW dy sqwey isMGW dI Awrwm-gwh sI[ sMn 1726 iv`c nOSihrw BVwxw dy cODrI swihb rwey ny zkrIey kol ies dy vwVy dw Byd jw KoilHAw[ BVwxy dy do is`KW BweI mwlI isMG Aqy gurb^S isMG ny cODrI nUM cuglI krn ’qy jdoN vrijAw qW ies ny A`goN AwiKAw, “quhwfy kysW dy r`sy bxw ky mYN AwpxIAW GoVIAW bMnHWgw”[ ieh cODrI ie`k idn p`tI dy &Ojdwr jw&r byg nUM 50 sYinkW nwl qwrw isMG ’qy ’cVHw ilAwieAw[vwVy dy bwhr isMGW nwl mu`T-ByV ’c jdoN jw&r byg dw BqIjw mwirAw igAw qW ieh jwn bcw ky dOV igAw[ zkrIAw Kwn ny ies hwr dI ^br sux ky Agly idn momn KW nUM 2200 GoV svwr dy ky qwrw isMG dy vwVy ’qy cVHw id`qw[vwVy iv`c kyvl 18 isMG hI sn[dohW iDrW iv`c gihg`f mukwblw hoieAw[BweI qwrw isMG vW ies mukwbly ’c bwkI isMGW smyq ShIdI pw gey[ienHW dI Shwdq ny jMglW ’c luky isMGW ’c BwrI roh qy joS Br id`qw[ies auprMq isMGW ny gurIlw FMg dy hmly qyz kr id`qy ijs nwL hkUmq nUM h`QW pYrW dI pY geI[

hkUmq v`loN is`KW nUM nvwbI dI pySkS isMGW ny jdoN hkUmq dy n`k ’c dm kr id`qw qW 1733 iv`c zkrIey ny id`lI dy bwdSwh nUM p`qr iliKAw ik isMGW ’qy sKqI dy bwvjUd ieh (34)

v`s ’c nhIN Aw rhy[jykr AwpW ienHW nwl nrmI Apxw leIey Aqy ienHW nUM iKqwbI Aqy jwgIr Awid dw lwlc dy dyeIey qW aumId hY ieh nukswn nhIN krngy[ id`lI q^q v`loN hW hox ’qy zkrIey ny srdwr subyg isMG nUM Awpxw vkIl Qwp ^wlsy koL AMimRqsr ByijAw[kudrqI ivswKI dy iqauhwr ’qy srb`q ^wlsw juiVAw hoieAw sI[29 mwrc 1733 nUM srkwr v`loN nvwbI, iqMn prginAW (idAwlpur, kMgxpur qy Jbwl) dI jwgIr ijs dI Awmdn ie`k l`K rupey swlwnw sI Aqy kImqI iK`lq (puSwk) ^wlsy dy crnW ’c r`KI[ ^wlsy dy j`Qydwr BweI drbwrw isMG ny ikhw, “BweI subyg isMG jI! ^wlsw iksy dI id`qI hoeI nvwbI kbUl nhIN krdw[ieh Ajyhy Ahudy Awpxy blbUqy ’qy hI hwsl krdw hY”[pr BweI subyg isMG dI inmrqw, im`Ty, ipAwry SbdW Aqy bwr bwr zor pwaux ’qy ieh vsqW lYxIAW svIkwr kr leIAW[pihlW isrk`F jQydwr drbwrw isMG nUM nvwbI lYx leI AwiKAw pr aunHW nWh kr id`qI[iPr horW nUM vI pySkS kIqI pr sB ny jvwb dy id`qw[srdwr subyg isMG ny donoN h`Q joV Arz kIqI myrI g`l mMno myry idl iv`c pMQ pRqI AiqAMq SrDw hY, ieh vsqW moVo nw, ieh jwgIr gurU ky lMgr leI pRvwn kr lvo[kihMdy ny aus smyN BweI kpUr isMG &YzlpurIAw sMgqW nUM p`Kw J`l irhw sI, qbyly iv`c GoiVAW dI sWB-sMBwl qy s&weI dw kMm ies pws sI[ies nUM bulw ky jd nvwbI lYx leI AwiKAw qW aus ny ikhw, “BweI drbwrw isMG jI, jIA qW myrw vI nhIN krdw, pr jy ^wlsw hukm krdw hY qW hwzr hW pr pihlW pMj isMG ienHW vsqW nUM Awpxy crn lw dyx”[ Bwv shI mwinAw ’c qW pMQ ies nUM Tukrw irhw hY pr BweI subyg isMG gurmuK ipAwry dy siqkwr vjoN kbUl kr irhw hY[BweI subyg isMG jI nUM isMGW iPr suxwieAw: hm ko siqgur bcn pwqSwhI[ hm ko jwpq iFg soaU AwhI[..... pwiqSwhI Cof ikm lhYN nvwbI, prwDIn ijMh mwihM KrwbI[ (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS) isMG jwxdy sn ik ieh SwhI sugwqW ip`Cy Pryb, kutlnIqI Aqy DoKw CuipAw hoieAw hY[srkwr dy mn ’c Kot hY[auh gupq iqAwrI kr rhI hY ik hux jdoN isMG v`fI igxqI iv`c ie`kTy hoey qW aunHW nUM mwr mukw idAWgy[isMGW ny aus smyN SWqI vwly hwlwqW dw Pwiedw auTw ky pMQ dI SkqI nUM do ih`isAW ’c j`QybMd kr ilAw[myl-imlwp kr ky kwPI igxqI (35)

iv`c is`KW nUM AMimRq Ckw ky &Oj iv`c BrqI kr ilAw[v`fI aumr dy bMidAW nUM ‘bu`Fw dl’ Aqy nOjuAwnW nUM ‘qrnw dl’ dw nW id`qw[ ienHW dohW dlW dw muKIAw nvwb kpUr isMG sI[ bu`Fw dl nUM gurduAwirAW dI syvw sMBwl Aqy qrnw dl nUM vYrI dy dMd K`ty krn leI AiDkwr id`qy gey[

mhwn ShwdqW hkUmq bu`Fw dl Aqy qrnw dl dI AweI hoNd nUM shwr nw skI[ies ny AMdrKwqy isMGW nUM nSt krn dIAW goNdW guMdxIAW AwrMB kr id`qIAW[BweI mnI isMG jI ny hkUmq nUM (pMj hzwr rupey keI ieiqhwskwrW ny ies nUM 10 hzwr iliKAw hY) dyxy mn ky 1734 nUM AMimRqsr ivKy dIvwlI purb mnwaux leI AwigAw lY leI[pr zkrIey ny id`lI drbwr nwL iml ky ieh fUMGI swzS rcI ik jdoN isMG iek`Ty hoxgy qW Gyrw pw ky iehnW nUM ^qm kIqw jwvy[BweI mnI isMG nUM swjS dw jdoN pqw l`igAw qW aunHW sunyhy Byj id`qy ik koeI vI isMG dIvwlI smyN AMimRqsr nw phuMcy[ ieM\ sMgq nw Awaux ’qy hirmMdr swihb ivKy drSnI-Bytw G`t hI cVHI[

ShIdI BweI mnI isMG jI ipAwrw isMG pdm Anuswr 1708 qoN 1748 eIsvI q`k dw smW isMGW leI ‘prIiKAw Xu`g’ sI[srkwr ny sRI hirmMdr swihb dy mu`K vzIr, gurbwxI dy igAwqw Aqy isrmOr ivdvwn BweI mnI isMG jo qkrIbn 90 swl dy sn ies doS AMdr ik srkwrI jzIAw nhIN Adw kIqw bMdI bxw ilAw[hwlW ik BweI swihb ny ieh Dn ivswKI q`k dyx dw Brosw vI dy id`qw sI[pr kwjIAW mulwixAW ny zkrIey dy kMn Bry ik mnI isMG jorW ’qy is`KI dw pRcwr kr irhw hY[jykr qusIN Awpxy bu`kl iv`c pl rhy s`p dI isrI smyN isr nw BMnI qW fMg quhwfy hI v`jxgy qy vzIrI vI K`us jwvygI[Kwn ny sIKW AMdr bMd kr ky BweI swihb Aqy aus dy swQIAW nUM ieslwm kbUlx leI AwiKAw[A`goN gurU dy isMGW ny jvwb id`qw: Drm nw qjy hYN kbI qurk nw bnygy[ hm sIs inj dy hYN jo v`ifAW ny kIXw hY[ (36)

ieh Sbd sux ky jkrIAw KW ny kwzI Abdul rzwk nUM bulwieAw Aqy isMGW nUM mOq dI szw suxwaux leI AwiKAw[auh lwl ikqwb cu`k ilAwieAw Aqy KolH ky &qvw ieh suxwieAw ik mnI isMG dw bMd bMd k`itAw jwvy, BweI gulzwr isMG dI pu`TI K`l auqwr ky qy dUijAW nUM &WsI dy PMdy ’qy cwVH ky mwirAw jwvy[ieM\ hwV pMcmI sMmq 1791 (14 jUn 1734) nUM nKws mMfI cOk jo lwhOr dy msqI (msjdI) drvwjy kol hY Aqy ijs nMU A`j klH ‘AlI pwrk’ kihMdy hn lwgy BweI swihb smyq swry isMGW nUM ShId kr id`qw[ ies swky nUM dws ny ‘ShId BweI mnI isMG Aqy bMs ShIdW’ dI pusqk iv`c ivsQwr nwl AMikq kIqw hY[ B`t vhI mulqwn isMDI ies Shwdq dI puStI krdI hY; ‘BweI mnI isMG dw SwhI hukm gYl AswF sudI pMcmI sMbq 1791 ko lwhOr ky mlhwx Cy GVI idn cVHy bMd bMd kwtw[ mOlvI nUr muhMmd icSqI ny ‘qihkIkq icSqI’ iv`c s&w 695 au~qy drz kIqw hY, ‘jb aunoN ny ieslwm kbUl nw kIAw qo BweI guljwr isMG kw bMd bMd AOr posq auKwVw igAw’[ is`KI dy ienHW prm hMsW, gurbwxI dy rsIAW, nwm jsIAW Aqy hrI dy pRym bsIAW dy mnW AMdr gurU pRqI Aqy Drm ^wqr AsIm, AQwh Aqy Aim`t SrDw sI[AYsIAW vYrwg meI GtnwvW nwl s`cy-su`cy ienswn AMdr kurbwnI dw Anurwg pYdw ho jWdw hY Aqy kurbwnI ’coN AwzwdI dw icrwg jg pYNdw hY[ BweI mnI isMG jI dI Aqy hor isMGW dI ies lwswnI ShIdI nwl isMGW dy ihrdy vlUMDry gey Aqy mnW iv`c A`q dw roh Br igAw[BweI mnI isMG dy BqIjy A`GV isMG ny kuJ smyN ip`CoN &qvw suxwaux vwly kwzI Abdul rzwk qy AMimRqsr dy hwkm nvwb kpUr isMG ny sm`d Kwn ijs ny isMGW nUM jylH ’c BwrI qsIhy id`qy sn, nUM pkV ilAw Aqy GoiVAW ip`Cy bMnH GVIs ky mwirAw[ zkrIAw Kwn qW isMGW qoN frdw iklHy coN bwhr nhIN sI inkldw[ zkrIAw KW ny 1735 ’c jwgIr jbq kr leI[ jnvrI, 1739 nUM nwdr Swh ny ihMdusqwn ’qy hmlw kIqw[ ies hmly ’c ies ny id`lI lu`tI, 30 hzwr bMdy kql kIqy[ sr jwdU nwQ srkwr ilKdy hn ik 5 meI 1739 nUM ieh 50 kRoV nkd, 50 kRoV dy smwn smyq, q^qy qwaUs, 50 hzwr ihMdU lVkIAW qy lVky pkV ky kMFI dy ielwky rwhIN isAwlkot vl jw irhw sI qW nvwb kpUr isMG, srdwr bGyl isMG Aqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny ies nUM cMgy h`Q idKw ky KUB lu`itAw Aqy bMdI lVkIAW (37)

qy lVikAW nUM CufwieAw[ lwhOr phuMc ky ies ny zkrIey qoN pu`iCAw ik ieh bMdy kOx hn? ijnHW myrw kw&lw ku`itAw qy lu`itAw[ au~qr iv`c Kwn ny ikhw, “Swh jI! ieh ihMdUAW qy muslmwnW qoN v`Kry hn Aqy Awpxy Awp nUM gurU dy ^wlsy khwauNdy hn[ AsIN ienHW nUM mwr mwr Q`k gey hW pr ieh kwbU nhIN Aw rhy[ Gr ienHW dy GoiVAW dIAW kwTIAW hn[” kuJ hor g`lW jo Kwn ny nwdrSwh nUM isMGW bwbq khIAW igAwnI igAwn isMG ny ieM\ ibAwn kIqIAW hn: murSd ien kw vlI BXo hY[ ien ko Awby ihXwq dXo hY[ kwx nw khUM kI iehu rwKq[ SihnSwih Kud hI ko lwKq[ ie`k Akwl kI krq bMdgI[ SsqR ibdXw bhu pisMdgI[ dOlq dunIAW ieh nw cY hYN[ mjb Drm pr jwnW dy hYN[ dyq Awvwjw BuKw koeI[ AwE dyg iqAwr gur hoeI[ aus smyN vYrI ikauN nw AwvY[ prm mIq sB qWih CkwvY[ bcy qo pICy Kud Kw ly hYN[ nhIN qo lMgr msq bqY hYN[ ieh sux nwdr Swh boilAw: mwrq ho qum Awp hI, Apxy pYr kuTwr[ kuC idn ko isMG hoie hYN, BUpq mulk mJwr[ (pMQ pRkwS)

ShIdI BweI qwrU isMG jI BweI qwrU isMG jI invwsI ipMf pUhlw, prgxw AMimRqsr pUrn ibbykI guris`K sI[ CotI aumr ’c ipqw dy cVHweI krn kr ky mW ny bVy lwfW, cwvW qy mlwrW nwL pwiLAw, gurmiq dI guVHqI id`qI Aqy syvw ismrn dw v`l isKwieAw[ j`dI puSqI prvwr KyqI krdw sI[ Gr dy dwxy hox kr ky Awey-gey gurU ky isMGW leI lMgr dI syvw krn dw mn iv`c cwA sI[ hTI, jqI, qpI, rihqvwn pUrw Aqy gurU dw nUrw hox kr ky ies sUry dI ielwky iv`c bhuq pRsMsw ho rhI sI[ pr dUjy pwsy muKbr, srkwrI cmcy Aqy AikRqGx ieh soBw jr nhIN sI rhy[ ielwky dy mMny-pRmMny is`KW dy duSmx cODrI hrBgq inrMjnIAW ny zkrIAw Kwn koL jw ky kMn Bry ik qwrU isMG pUhly ipMf vwlw isMGW nUM pwl hI nhIN irhw sgoN quhwfy ivru`D zhwd leI auksw irhw hY[ ieh SwhI mihlW iv`c rihx vwLy Aqy v`fy Ahudy dy nSy iv`c msq lok Awm kr ky kMnW dy k`cy (38)

huMdy hn, ijs kwrn s`cy-su`cy ienswnW aup`r koeI nw koeI doS mVH ky auhnW nUM mwr-mkwaux dI koiSS iv`c rihMdy hn[ ^wn dy hukm nwL hrBgq inrMjnIAW ispwhIAW nUM nwL lY ky BweI qwrU isMG nUM igRPqwr krn leI phuMc igAw[ ies bydoSy, inmwxy Aqy hL vwhk is`K nUM pkV ky lwhOr jylH ’c bMd kr id`qw[ auprMq jdoN iDM|ozorI nwl is`KI iqAwg ky muslmwn bxn leI zor pwieAw Aqy BweI swihb v`loN nWh-nu`kr kIqI geI qW Asih qy Akih kSt id`qy gey[ AMq zkrIey swmHxy vI muslmwn hox qoN ivroD kIqw qW Kwn ny gu`sy ’c AwiKAw, “pihlW mYN qyry kys ktwvWgw ijnHW kr ky qUM Awpxy Awp nUM is`K AKvw irhw hNY”[ BweI swihb ny ikhw, “Kwn jI, mYN qyrw kuJ nhIN ivgwiVAw qUM myrI is`KI ikauN BMg krnw cwhuMdw hYN”? Kwn ny lwlc dyx dI g`l vI kIqI Aqy boilAw : AO mugl pTwxn bytI lyhu[bIc hvyln bws kryhu[ BweI qwrU isMG ny au~qr id`qw, “Kwn jI! mYN lwlc bdly is`KI nhIN iqAwg skdw”[ qd Kwn ny hukm kIqw, “ies dy kys k`t idau iPr mYN dyKUM ies dI is`KI ik`Qy hY”? jlwd nweI kys k`tx leI phuMc igAw pr BweI swihb ny jd kys k`tx dw ivroD kIqw qW Kwn ny gu`sy ’c Aw ky KoprI auqwrn leI AwiKAw Aqy hukm Anuswr kysW sxy KoprI auqwrI geI[ muslmwn ilKwrI KwPI KW ilKdw hY, “BweI qwrU isMG dI K`l (KoprI) lwh ky aus nUM KweI iv`c su`t id`qw qW ik ig`dV ku`qy Kw jwx pr is`K aus hwlq iv`c vI klwmW pVHdw irhw”[ Alwh dI krnI AYsI hoeI zkrIAw KW dw ipSwb bMd ho igAw[ aus nUM mihsUs hoieAw ik mYN is`KW nUM byAMq qsIhy id`qy hn, ieh sB aus dw &l hY[ qd ies ny BweI subyg isMG koqvwl nUM ^wlsy dI ByNt leI pMj hzwr rupey dy ky kwhnUvwl CMb vl ByijAw[ jdoN subyg isMG ny is`KW pws phuMc ky d`isAw ik zkrIAw KW dw ipSwb bMd ho igAw hY Aqy bVw AOKw hY[ aus ny mYnUM Dn dy ky ByijAw hY ik koeI aupwA kro myrw du`K dUr ho jwvy[ is`KW AwiKAw, “BweI qwrU isMG dI crn dwsI (ju`qI) qurk dy isr nUM lweI jwvy qW ho skdw hY aus dw ipSwb KulH jwvy[ kihMdy ny BweI swihb dI ju`qI Kwn dy isr ’qy lwaux nwL ipSwb Aw jWdw sI pr kuJ smyN bwAd (39)

iPr bMd ho jWdw sI[ ieauN isMGW dw doSI jkrIAw KW 1 julweI 1745 nUM du`K Bogdw mr igAw[ ausy idn BweI qwrU isMG dI Awqmw ny Awpxw zKmI colw iqAwg ky aufwrI lweI[ (ipAwrw isMG pdm, sMKyp is`K ieiqhws, pMnw 77)[ Awpxy isr dw Kopr auqrvwauxw koeI mwmUlI g`l nhIN hY[ ieh sB siqgurU dI imhr Aqy ikRpw-idRStI dw hI kwrnwmw sI[ ieM\ ieh mhwn kurbwnI is`KI nUM kysW-svwsW nwl inBwaux leI pRyrnw sRoq hY ikauNik kys ie`k r`bI qohPw hn[ BweI nMd lwl jI kysW dI mhwnqw bwry ilKdy hn: is`KI eIN pMj hrP kwP[ hrigz n bwSd pMj muAw&[ kys kMGw kCw krd ibdW[ ibnw kys zumlw eI isKI inSW[ Bwv kysW qoN vgYr hor inSwn Dwrn kr lYxy sB &jUl hn[

ShIdI BweI boqw isMG Aqy grjw isMG jI BweI boqw isMG ipMf BVwxw, ijlHw lwhOr Aqy aus dw hmjolI BweI grjw isMG AMimRqsr dy piv`qr srovr iv`c ieSnwn krn aus smyN gey jdoN zkrIAw Kwn ny au~Qy ieSnwn krn ’qy pUrI pwbMdI lgweI hoeI sI[ hor vI isMG inDVk ho rwq-brwqy srovr ’c ieSnwn kr AwauNdy sn[ Kwn nUM jdoN AjyhI ^br imLI qW aus ny pihrw dy rhy ispwhIAW nUM fWt pweI ik Ajy vI is`K ieSnwn kr jWdy hn, qW aunHW ikhw, “is`K nhIN, keI hor ieSnwn krn AwauNdy hn”[ aus smyN qoN is`KW ny jwx-bu`J ky isroN dsqwr auqwr ieSnwn krnw SurU kr id`qw, qWik pqw l`g jwvy ik ieh kyswDwrI isMG hY[ BweI su`Kw isMG mwVI kMboky, ijs ny m`sw rMgVH dw kql kIqw sI ny idn vyly Ajyhw kIqw: su`Kw isMG qb XoN khXo, rwq nHwaUN qb cor[ nwvYNgy mYN idn ibKy, sRI siqgur ky jor[ (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS) aus smyN qoN A`j q`k pgVI lwh ky ieSnwn krn dw irvwj hY (ipAwrw isMG pdm, sMKyp isMG ieiqhws pMnw 78)[ pr ieiqhwsk q`QW dI jwxkwrI nw hox kwrn Aqy smyN dy bdlw nwl ieh rIq hux Gt rhI hY[ (40)

iesy qrHW BweI boqw isMG qy grjw isMG sRI hirmMdr swihb ivKy ieSnwn kr ky jdoN qrn qwrn nzdIk jw rhy sn qW ienHW nUM q`k do muslmwn luk ky g`lW kr rhy sn, ‘kihMdy ny is`K mukw id`qy hn pr AOh dyK do is`K bypRvwhy ho CwqIAW qwx ky qury jWdy hn’[ienHW isMGW dy kMnI jdoN ieh l&j pey qW srkwr nUM cxOqI dyx leI qrnqwrn qoN Jbwl v`l jWdy rsqy ’qy nUr dI srwey koL ienHW Awpxw cUMgI nwkw lw ilAw[ieh aus smyN sRI goieMdvwl swihb dw pqn lMG ky lwhOr jwx leI Awm rsqw sI[Asl iv`c ieh srkwr nUM vMgwr dyx leI idRV ierwdy nwL Aqy mOq rwxI nUM prnwaux leI GroN cly sn[ies sMbMD iv`c ienHW Kwn v`l ie`k ic`TI vI ilK ByjI sI[ies qrHW ienHW lwhOr jwx vwly SwhI rsqy ’qy nwkw lgw ky Koqy dw Bwr lY jwx vwly nUM ie`k pYsw Aqy g`fy dy Bwr leI ie`k Awnw (Awny ’c cwr pYsy huMdy sn) augrwhuxw SurU kr id`qw[ jo ic`TI ilKI aus dy Sbd igAwnI igAwn isMG ny ieMj ibAwn kIqy hn: icTI sunho KwnU koqw, Awnw g`fw pYsw Koqw[ eyhu jgwq lyq isMG boqw[ hQ mYN rwKq sotw motw[ qyrw Awkbq kh hYN Kotw[ myrw khI sunyhw jwie[ BwbI KWno nUM smJwie[ qyrw Xwr isMG jo boqw[ qYnUM rihAw aufIk KVoqw[ Awey srwie nUr dI pws, qUM joqw lgvw lY Kws[(pMQ pRkwS) pMnw 705 hwkm nUM isMGW v`loN cUMgI augrwhux dI ^br sux qy ic`TI pVH h`QW pYrW dI pY geI[ aus dw hukm mMn lwhOr qoN jlwludIn dI kmwn hyT sO dy krIb ispwhI cVH AwieAw[ienHW nUM dyK isMGW dy ichirAW ’qy lwlIAW cVH geIAW, fOly Prkx l`gy Aqy A`KW coN mwno KUn dy AMigAwr vih qury[mYdwn ’coN B`jy nhIN sgoN duSmx dy mukwbly leI CwqIAW qwx ky ft gey[hwlwq ieh sn ik ie`k pwsy gurU dy do ^wlsy Aqy ivroD iv`c sYNkVy SsqrDwrI ispwhI[dohW isMGW ny ip`TW joV ky kwPI smW mukwblw kIqw, duSmx dy AwhU lwhy Aqy AMq nUM Akwl Akwl dy jYkwry gjwauNdy kwl b`s ho gey[ienHW isMGW ny drsw id`qw ik is`K Kqm nhIN hoey, ijMdw hn, ie`k idn mugl q^q vI hiQAwauxgy qy sRI hirmMdr swihb dy srovr iv`c suqMqrqw swihq ieSnwn kirAw krngy[ ijhVI hkUmq (41)

is`KW nUM hirmMdr swihb dy drSn ieSnwn qoN rokygI aus dy dMd K`ty gurU dw Kwlsw krdw rhygw[ienHW isdkI, isrl`Q Aqy sbl XoiDAW dI kIqI kurbwnI dy sohly A`j vI gwey jWdy hn Aqy ienHW dIAW gwQwvW Awaux vwlIAW pIVHIAW leI drSn mwrg dI inAWeI hn[ienHW dI Xwd AMdr kOm v`loN sRI qrn qwrn swihb qoN Jbwl vwlI sVk ’qy ipMf nUr dI srW dy d`Kx pwsy gurduAwrw swihb suSoBq hY[

ShIdI BweI subyg isMG Aqy Swhbwz isMG jI BweI subyg isMG ipMf jMbr, ijlHw lwhOr dw vwsI sI[ieh &wrsI dy cMgy igAwqw, suGV, sujwn Aqy is`KI iv`c prp`k sn[ ienHW dw pirvwr TykydwrI dw kMm krn kr ky lwhOr dy sUbydwr nwL cMgy sMbMD rKdw sI[pVHy ilKy hox kr ky zkrIAw ^wn ny ienHW nUM koqvwl dI nOkrI dy id`qI[ BwvyN ^wn is`KW dy ^wqmy leI A`fI cotI dw zor lw irhw sI pr is`KW nwl sulHw-s&weI leI hmySw subyg isMG nUM vrqdw sI[ ieiqhwsk q`Q hn ik subyg isMG ny koqvwl dy Ahudy ’qy huMidAW bMidAW nUM mwrn leI vrqIAW jWdIAW sjwvW ijvyN DrqI ivc g`f ky qIr mwrny jW ku`iqAW qoN pVvwauxw, q`qy qyl iv`c su`txw, mUMglIAW nwl ku`t ku`t ky mwrnw, bMd bMd k`txy, sMg swr krnw, Awid ^qm krw id`qIAW[ kyvl qop, qlvwr, crKVI qy PWsI dI sjw hI rihx id`qI[ ^qm kIqIAW sjwvW vDyry is`KW leI hI sn Aqy bMdy nUM koh koh ky mwrn vwlIAW sn[ zkrIAw ^wn dy mrn auprMq 3 jnvrI 1746 nUM ies dw pu`qr XhIAW KW lwhOr dw sUbydwr nIXq kIqw igAw[ ieh Awpxy ipau nwloN vI vDyry zwlm sI[ BweI subyg isMG dw pu`qr Swhbwz isMG bhuq hI a~udmI, AklmMd, sohxw juAwn qy hoxhwr g`BrU sI[ ijhVw kwzI Swhbwz isMG nUM &wrsI pVHwauNdw sI aus ny ies dI ilAwkq, isAwxp, husnl jmwl Aqy qyj idmwg dyK AwpxI DI dw irSqw ies nwl krnw cwihAw pr Srq ieh r`KI ik pihlW muslmwn bx jwvy[ Swhbwz isMG dw korw juAwb imlx ’qy kwzI ny XhIAw KW kol JUTI iSkwieq ieh kIqI ik Swhbwz isMG is`K hox dy nwqy hzrq swihb dy ivru`D aUl-jlUl boldw hY Aqy dIn ieslwm dI qOhIn kr irhw hY[ nwL hI ieh iSkwieq vI kr id`qI ik ies dw ipqw AMdrKwqy is`KW dw m`ddgwr hY[ienHW doSW ADIn ipau-pu`q (42)

nMU igR&qwr kIqw igAw Aqy muslmwn hox ’qy zor pwieAw[ is`KI rMg ’c rMgy hoieAW ienHW muslmwn bxn qoN nWh kr id`qI[ inktvrqI is`KW ny BweI subyg isMG nUM AwiKAw, “BweI swihb jI! Swhbwz isMG nUM ikqy dUr Byjx dw Xqn kro[ pu`qr ku`l dw inSwn huMdy hn aus nUM kwiem r`Ko[” A`goN BweI swihb ny juAwb id`qw: isKn kwj su guruU svwry, sIs dIE inj sx pRvwry[ hm kwrn gur kuilh gvweI, hm kul rwKYN kOx bfweI[ AwKIr kTor, inrdeI Aqy zwlm XhIAw KW ny hukm kr id`qw ik jykr ieh muslmwn bxnw svIkwr nhIN krdy qW ienHW nUM crKVI cwVH idE[ is`KI pRqI dirMdgI dI h`d ho geI[is`K Drm srbq dw Blw cwhuMdw hY, swrI mnu`Kqw nUM ie`k smwn mMndw hY Aqy ies AMdr jbrI Drm qbdIlI dI koeI QW nhIN pr muslmwnW Bwv ieslwm AMdr jbrI Drm qbdIlI tIsIAW t`p geI sI[ Bgq kbIr jI ’qy vI muslmwn bx jwx dw zor pwieAw igAw[ aunHW AwiKAw, “jy r`b mYnUM muslmwn bxwauxw cwhuMdw qW suMnq kr ky hI sMswr ’qy Byjdw[ aunHW zor nwl AwiKAw bMdy dI suMnq kr ky qusIN aus nUM muslmwn bxwauNdy hoN[ ieh d`so AOrq dI suMnq ikvyN krogy?” kihMdy ny jdoN ipau-pu`qr nUM crKVI kol ilAWdw igAw qW BweI subyg isMG ny Ardws kIqI ijs ’c Kws Sbd sn: DMnX GVI so DMnX crKVI DMnX inXwauN qumwrw[ Drm hyq jo cVHy crKVI, DMnX vjUd hmwrw[ dono isMG (ipau-pu`qr) jpu bwxI dw pwT kr ky, Akwl Akwl jpdy lwimswl ShIdI dw jwm pI ky Amr pd pRwpq kr gey[ ienHW dI Shwdq bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy aus dy spUq AjY isMG nwL myl KWdI hY[ ienHW dI ShIdI dyKx Awey ie`k B`t kvI dy dMd juV gey Aqy auh mu`K qoN ieh kihMdw cilAw igAw: hyTW DrqI au~qy AMbr[iv`c iPrn subyg qy Swhbwz isMG jMbr[ ieh Adu`qI swkw PrvrI 1746 nUM vwpirAw[ XhIAw Kwn dy ies duStpuxy dw pqw jdoN isMGW nUM l`igAw qW ienHW gdwr cODrIAW dy Gr lu`ty Aqy ie`k dl ny Swm vyly lwhOr dy mocI drvwzy dy Aws pws mwr(43)

DwV qy lu`t-Ksu`t kIqI[ ieh dyK XhIAw KW sV bL igAw Aqy isMGW dy nkyl pwaux leI dIvwn jspq rwey nUM iqAwr kIqw[ jspq ny isMGW dy iSkwr leI QW QW ’qy &OjI dsqy Byj id`qy[ isMG bcwA leI phwVI jMglW ’c jw luky[

Cotw G`lUGwrw p`Qr idl, hMkwrI Aqy BYVI m`q dw mwlk jspq rwey eymnwbwd dw vzIr sI[ eymnwbwd Sihr lwhOr qoN 55 iklomItr Aqy gujrWvwlw qoN 15 iklomItr dUrI ’qy hY[ pihlI audwsI smyN sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI sB qoN pihlW ie`Qy BweI lwlo dy Gr jw ky Tihry sI[ 1521 ’c bwbr dy hmly dOrwn vI gurU jI eymnwbwd ivKy hI sn[ gurU swihb ny ie`Qy roVW dI ivCweI ’qy Awsx lwieAw sI[ ies jgHw ’qy is`K sMgqW ny roVI swihb gurduAwrw auswr id`qw sI[ jspq rwey qy aus dy ispwh-slwr hr smyN isMGW dI BwL iv`c rihMdy sn[ jspq dy bol sn: sIs munwey qumy jwt bxwvoN[ qumry bwln kI mwlw bxwvoN[ PrvrI 1746 dI g`l hY ik ie`k idn gurU dy isMGW soicAw ik gurduAwrw roVI swihb dy drSn kr c`lIey[ gurU Gr dy drSn kr ky isMG ‘bdo kI guswieAW’ iJVI iv`c lMgr Ckx leI Tihr gey[ ieh bYTy lMgr pwxI C`k hI rhy sn ik Acncyq jspq rwey mulKeIey smyq ienHW ’qy Aw ipAw[ isMGW vI mukwbly leI qlvwrW DUuh leIAW Aqy duSmx ’qy qIrW Aqy nyijAW nwl jUJxw kIqw[ lhU folHvIN jMg hoeI[ jspq rwey isMGW ’qy qIrW dI buCwV kr irhw sI ijs kwrn kwPI isMG P`tV ho rhy sn Aqy jwn vI guAw rhy sn[ ieh dyK BweI inbwhuU isMG rMGrytw ny bVI kmwl dI PurqI vrqI[ ies ny hwQI dI pUC PVH ky ijs aup`r jspq svwr sI AYsI plwkI mwrI qy jspq rwey dw isr qlvwr nwL DV qoN v`K kr id`qw[ dIvwn dy ^wqmy nwL duSmx dy dlW ’c BwjV pY geI[ BweI inbwhUu isMG ny ie`Qy AwnMdpur swihb dI jMg dw swkw duhrw id`qw ijs iv`c BweI audY isMG (bytw BweI mnI isMG jI) ny hwQI ’qy bYT ky lV rhy kysrI cMd dw isr v`F ilAWdw sI[ jspq rwey dy ^wqmy auprMq isMGW ny eymnwbwd dy SwhI BMfwry nUM lu`itAw Aqy lMgr iqAwr kr ky CikAw[ rqn isMG BMgU ilKdy hn: (44)

vih lUtn ciVHE Kwlsy so lIE Kwlsy lUt[ inbwhU isMG gj pY ciVHXo mwr qyr idE sUt[ ^wlsy ny jspq dw sIs qy DV kwbU kr ilAw sI[ auprMq bwvw ikrpw rwm dI bynqI ’qy 500 dmVy lY lwS vwps kIqI[gurU isMGW dI shwieqw krdw hY Aqy duSmx dw AMq krw idMdw hY[ gurbwxI dy bol hn: dUq duSmx sB quJ qy invrih pRgt pRqwp qumwrw] jo jo qyry Bgq duKwey Eh qqkwl qum mwrw] (öøñ) ijauN hI lwhOr AMdr jspq rwey dy mwry jwx dI ^br phuMcI, lKpq rwey jo lwhOr dw dIvwn sI, Awpxy Brw dy mrn dI ^br sux bVw kRoD iv`c AieAw[ aus ny XhIAw KW dy pYrW ’qy AwpxI p`g isr qoN lwh ky su`tI Aqy boilAw, “ijqnw icr mYN is`KW dw Kurw-Koj nw imtw idAW, auqnw icr p`g nhIN bMnHWgw!” ieh Sbd isMGW pRqI ie`k K`qRI dy sn ijnW dw Drm sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI ny bcwieAw, sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ijnHW ^wqr srbMs vwr id`qw Aqy ijnHW dIAW bhU-bytIAW jrvwixAW v`loN gulwm bxweIAW isMG jwn hUl ky CfwauNdy Aqy aunHW dy GroN GrI phuMcwauNdy sn[ XhIAW KW ny lKpq nUM Drvwsw qy h`lw-SyrI id`qI qy AwiKAw, “&OjI Krc myrw qy vwh qyrI[” ieh Sbd sux ky lKpq rwey AYsw m`CirAw ik isMGW dw bIj nwS krn leI l`k bMnH quirAw[ iebrqnwmw dw krqw AlI-aud-dIn ibAwn krdw hY, ‘lKpq rwey ny hukm kr id`qw ik jo gurU goibMd isMG dw nwm leygw, aus dw iF`f pwV id`qw jwvygw[’ ielwky iv`coN is`KW dIAW DrmSwlW FuAw id`qIAW geIAW, is`KW dIAW Drm-poQIAW PUk id`qIAW geIAW[ dyS iv`c fONfI iptvweI geI ik koeI gurbwxI dw pwT nw kry qy nw guru dw nwm lvy[ ‘guV’ nUM vI ‘roVI’ XW ‘BylI’ AwiKAw jwvy ikauNik guV ‘gurU’ dy Sbd nwL imldw juldw hY’[ gu`sy dy Bry dIvwn lKpq ny lwhOr Sihr ’c rih rhy is`KW nUM cUihVAW dy hvwly kr id`qw qy aunHW nUM ikhw igAw, “iehnW dIAW kysW vwlIAW KoprIAW lwh ky DrqI ’c d`b idau[” ieM\ lwhOr iv`c hw hw kwr m`c geI[ dIvwn kOVw m`l, dIvwn l`CI rwm, dIvwn idlw rwm, dIvwn sUrq isMG, BweI dys rwj qy Sihr dy hor pqvMqy lKpq rwey (l`KU) nUM imLy Aqy lKpq dy gurU jgq Bgq (45)

qoN vI is`KW nwL AinAwey nw krn qoN bynqI krvweI[ fwktr hrI rwm gupqw ‘ihstrI Aw& dI isKs’ dy pMnw 27 ’qy AMikq krdy hn ik aus ny iksy dI nw mMnI qy 10 mwrc 1746 nUM PVy is`K sB kql kr id`qy gey[ ies auprMq l`KU jMgl dI J`l iv`c rihx vwLy isMGW vl viDAw[ ieiqhwskwrW Anuswr byvqn kIqy 15 hzwr isMG kwhnUMvwl dy CMb ielwky ’c fyry lweI bYTy sn[ lKpq ny jMgl nUM A`g luAw id`qI[ isMG lVdy iBVdy bsOlI vl jd inkly qW l`KU dI &Oj ijs iv`c mulqwn, bhwvlpur, ksUr Aqy Atk dy &OjI dsqy Swml sn ienHW hrn hoey isMGW ’qy goLIAW dwgIAW[ bhuq swry pkV ky A`g ’c swVy, keIAW nUM jMbUrW nwL noc ky pwr bulwieAw Aqy keIAW nUM sUlI ’qy tMigAw[ ieh J`l dI jMg ApRYl qoN jUn 1746 q`k c`lI[ ies jMg ’c B`j-dOV Aqy Bu`K ny isMGW nUM bhuq sqwieAw[ aunHW dy mUMh ’coN inkldy SbdW nUM BMgU jI ny ies qrHW pMQ pRkwS (pRwcIn) iv`c iliKAw hY: A`DI mOq muswPrI, A`DI mOq su B`uK[ aUhw Awie doaU imlI, Xh BXo ^wlsy du`K[ bcx dw hor koeI cwrw nw dyKdy hoey kwPI isMG l`KU dy mulwixAW nwL jUJdy Aqy aunHW dy AwhU lwhuMdy rwvI dirAw vl vDy[ A`goN rwvI dirAw bVw ciVHAw hoieAw sI[ ie`Qy isMGW dI prK auNj hI hoeI ijs qrHW sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy dlW dI AwnMdpur swihb qoN inklx smyN srsw ndI ’qy hoeI sI[ srdwr guridAwl isMG f`lyvwlIAw Aqy aus dw Brw pwxI dw vhw Aqy fUMGweI dyKx ndI ’c vVy qW dovyN hI ruVH gey[ ieh dyK kuJ isMG phwVIAW vl inkl gey Aqy kuJ Pyr J`l ’c jw vVy[ BweI j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Aqy BweI su`Kw isMG mwVI kMboky vwilAW dy j`iQAW ny lKpq dy dlW nwl t`kr leI, BwrI sMgRwm hoieAw[ BweI su`Kw isMG dI l`q ’c golI l`gI pr auh l`q ’qy p`g dw ih`sw bMnH ky lVdy rhy[ BweI cVHq isMG (dwdw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) vI P`tV ho gey[ ies Gmswx dI lVweI AMdr jspq rwey dw pu`qr hrBj rwey, XhIAw KW dw pu`qr nwhrU KW, &Ojdwr sY& AlI KW Awid mwry gey[ jd rwq ho geI qW Bu`Kx-Bwxy isMGW ny vYrI dy Kwx-pIx vwlIAW rsdW ’qy jw hmlw kIqw[ ies mwr-DwV iv`c jo h`Q AwieAw auh pyt Brn leI lY Awey[ pr bilhwry jweIey ienHW isdkI sUrmy, isrV ’qy Drm dy p`ikAW isMGW qoN ijnHW dy hOsly gurU ikRpw sdkw Asq-psq nhIN hoey[ (46)

Agly idn pYdl c`lx vwilAW ny d`B dy qulHy bxw ky rwvI pwr kIqI[ ienHW iv`coN vI AnykW duSmx dy h`Q Aw gey ijnHW nUM lwhOr iljw ky nKws cONk kol kql kr ky toAw pu`t ky d`b id`qw[ ies jgHw dw nW ‘ShId gMj’ pY igAw[ ieh Coty G`lUGwry dw swkw 1 meI 1746 nUM vwpirAw[ ies iv`c 10-12 hzwr isMGW ny jwnW vwrIAW[ A`j klH gurdwspur qooN 7 iklomItr ’qy Cotw G`lUGwrw ieiqhwsk gurduAwry ivKy hr swl 10-11 dsMbr nUM sBw lgdI hY Aqy ShId isMGW dI kurbwnI dy sohly gwey jWdy hn[ jdoN rwjsI inXm BirSt ho jWdy hn qd mzlUmW Aqy piv`qr AwqmwvW dw ijauxw du`Br ho jWdw hY[ gurU dw ^wlsw AYsI dSw nUM jr nhIN skdw[ ies sMbMDI ie`k kvI dy bol vI idl tuMbvyN hn: jd s`t iksy mzlUm dy lgdI hY[ hMJU ^wlsy dIAW A`KW ’c Aw jWdy[ rwKy kOm dy pu`qr dSmyS jI dy[ jwnW vwr ky AxK jgw jWdy[ kvI sYnwpqI ‘sRI gurU soBw’ ’c kwiv rcnw krdy hn: Asur sMGwrby ko durjn ky mwrby ko sMkt invwrby ko Kwlsw bnwXo hY[ srdwr krnYl isMG pMCI dy vI ShIdW pRqI bVy inAwry bol hn: Cupwey Cup nhIN skqy ShIdo ky iXh A&swny[ Agr sUlI nw bolI qo lhU kI Dwr bolygI[ X`ugoN q`k roSnI imlqI rhygI ien icrwgoN sy[ ik hr loA Apny prvwno kI jY jY kwr bolygI[

(47)

AiDAwie 3 dl ^wlsw Aqy is`K imslW ATHwrvIN sdI iv`c ‘dl ^wlsw’ is`K kOm dI bhuq hI Ajb, gjb Aqy hirAwvl j`QybMdI hoNd iv`c AweI[ 1734 eIsvI iv`c mugl hkUmq ny srdwr kpUr isMG nUM nvwbI dw iKqwb bKiSAw sI[ies iKqwb dw mu`K mksd sI is`KW nUM Awpxy ADIn krnw[pr pMQ dy srdwrW ny kpUr isMG nUM ieh AwK id`qw sI ik qUM pMQ A`gy jvwb-dyh hNY; hkUmq A`gy nhIN[ ies iKqwb Aqy jwgIr nwL BwvyN pMQ nUM koeI &wiedw nhIN sI hoieAw pr jWbwz, idldwr, ihMmqI Aqy dUr-idRStI dy mwlk kpUr isMG ny ies Amn-Amwn dy smyN AMdr pMQ dI inrol SkqI nUM do BwgW iv`c j`QybMd kr id`qw, ie`k nMU ‘bu`Fw dl’ Aqy dUjI j`QybMdI nUM ‘qrnw dl’ dw nwm id`qw[bu`Fw dl ijs AMdr lMmyrI aumr dy isMG sn nUM gurduAwirAW dI syvw-sMBwl dw kMm sONipAw Aqy qrnw dl ijs iv`c 40 swl qoN G`t aumr vwly isMG r`Ky nUM muglW nwl t`kr lYx Aqy aunHW dw lu`itAw mwl Dn sRI Akwl q^q dI ByNt krn leI hukm kIqw[ dohW j`QybMdIAW dw mu`KIAw BweI kpUr isMG hI sI[ kpUr isMG dI ies ivauNqbMdI nUM sux Aqy pMQk SkqI nUM mzbUq krn leI nOjvwn bldW dy gloN pMjwlIAW lwh ky hlW dy muMny C`f ky Aqy GrW dy prvwr iqAwg ky SsqrDwrI ho qrnw dl iv`c DVw-DV Swml ho gey[ies v`fI igxqI nUM q`k kpUr isMG ny qrnw dl dy pMj j`Qy bxw id`qy[ ie`k dw mohrI bwbw dIp isMG, dUjy dw krn isMG qy Drm isMG AMimRqsr vwly, qIjy dw kwhn isMG qy ibnod isMG iqRhx, cOQy dw dsONDw isMG kot bu`Fyvwl Aqy pMjvyN dw vIr isMG, jIvn isMG (mjHbI isMG) nUM bxwieAw[pMjW nUM kRmvwr rwmsr, ibbyksr, lCmnsr, kOlsr qy sMqoKsr fyry sMBwly[ ienHW pMj j`iQAW ny nwdr Swh dw Aslw Aqy Kzwnw lu`itAw[ nwdr ny zkrIey nUM is`KW ’qy vDyry qkVweI krn leI ikhw Aqy ieh Sbd vI AwKy, “ieh is`K iksy idn ies DrqI dy hwkm hoxgy”[ fwktr hrI rwm gupqw ‘ihstrI Aw& dI isKm’, ijld pihlI (History of the Sikhs, Part1) iv`c ilKdy hn ik ieh j`Qy kyvl Dwrimk ivSvws kr (48)

ky hI ie`kTy nhIN sn sgoN svYr`iKAw leI muihMmW ’qy jwx, jrvwixAW dy dMd K`ty krn Aqy prjw dI rKvwlI dy mud`eI sn[ies j`QybMdI ny bhuq hI isrVI, swhsI, bhwdr Aqy Xog AgvweI vwLy AwgU pYdw kIqy[ienHW ny is`KW dy sYink jIvn dI auswrI iv`c v`fw rol Adw kIqw ijs kwrn pMQ dI cVHdI klw auqyjq hoeI[qrnw dl iv`c sUirAW dI izAwdw igxqI hox kr ky kpUr isMG ny 14 AkqUbr 1745 nUM Akwl q^q swihb ’qy ie`kT kr ky ies dl dy 25 j`Qy bxw id`qy[hr ie`k j`Qy iv`c qkrIbn 100 isMG Swml sn[zkrIAw KW dI mOq auprMq (21 nvMbr 1746 qoN 21 mwrc 1747 q`k) cwr ku mhIny ies dy pu`qrW XhIAw KW Aqy Swh invwz KW iv`c Axbx hox kr ky Gmswn m`icAw[suXog isMG srdwrW ny ies dw &wiedw auTwieAw[Swh invwz ny XhIAw Kwn nUM kYdI bxw ilAw Aqy 21 mwrc 1747 nUM ieh lwhOr dw sUbydwr bx igAw[ies ny lKpq rwey nUM htw ky kOVw m`l nUM dIvwn QwipAw[ kudrq bVI byAMq hY, jdoN ieh q`kdI hY ik grIbW ’qy hkUmq D`kw kr rhI hY qW ieh inEitAW nUM Et, inAwsirAW nUM Awsrw, inqwixAW nUM qwx Aqy inmwixAW nUM mwx bKS idMdI hY[ ieh q^q vwLy nUM q^qy ’qy ibTw ky aus dy hMkwr nUM qoV idMdI hY[ dIvwn kOVw m`l mn kr ky is`KW dw sihXogI sI[is`K ies nUM “im`Tw ml” hI kihMdy sn[ is`KW ny mOkw qwV ky ivswKI 1747 dy purb ’qy BwrI iek`T iv`c gurmqw kIqw ik Ssqr, vsqr, mwl, Asbwb r`Kx Aqy sur`iKAw leI koeI iklHw numI jgHw auswrI jwvy[ ieM\ 30 mwrc 1747 nUM AMimRqsr ivKy rwmsr lwgy, rwm rOxI nW dI k`cI gVHI bx ky iqAwr ho geI[ jUn 1747 iv`c nwdr Swh mwirAw igAw qy aus ip`CoN Aihmd Swh AbdwlI A&gwinsqwn dw hukmrwn bixAW[ ieh AbdwlI nwdr Swh nwL pihlW ihMdusqwn AwieAw sI[ ies ny dyK ilAw sI ik ihMd dI prjw bVI durbl, KIxI, qyjhIx qy byieKlwkI hY[ies nUM lu`txw qy ku`txw koeI AOKw kMm nhIN hY[ Aihmd Swh AbdwlI 1747-48 iv`c pihlI vwr ihMd ’qy bVy zor-Sor nwL cVH ky AwieAw[ lwhOr dw sUbydwr Swh invwz aus nwl iBVn nUM iqAwr ho igAw pr AbdwlI dI jwbr &Oj dy A`gy ieh ft ky KVH nw sikAw Aqy mwr Kw ky srihMd phuMc igAw[id`lI dI slqnq (49)

v`loN vzIr kmru`dIn qy aus dw pu`qr mIr muienl mulk (mIr-mnMU) v`fI sYnw lY ky AbdwlI dy twkry ’qy Aw phuMcy[ mwnUpur lwgy dohW sYnw iv`c zbrdsq Xu`D hoieAw pr AbdwlI hwr svIkwr kr ky A&gwinsqwn v`l c`l ipAw[ J`l iv`c bYTy isMGW ny ies nUM KUB lu`itAw[mwnUpur dI jMg iv`c kmru`dIn mwirAw igAw[id`lI srkwr ny mIr mMnU nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr Qwp id`qw[ gur iblws pwqSwhI 10 AMdr gurU klgIDr dy mu`K qoN au~cry ieh Sbd drz hn: qb iem BnXo gRIb invwj, SsqRn ky ADIn hih rwj[ koaU iksI ko rwj ny dy hYN, jo ly hYN inj bl sy ly hYN[ id`lI dw q^q kmzor q`k Aqy dyS AMdr m`cI h&Vw-d&VI kwrn AnykW is`K AMimRqDwrI ho lVwkU j`iQAW iv`c Swml ho gey[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw Anuswr aus smyN ie`k qW ^wlsw dl dy 65 j`Qy bx cu`ky sn[dUjI g`l ieh sI ik hkUmq ny sRI hirmMdr swihb dy drSn ieSnwn ’qy pwbMdI lgweI hoeI sI[srdwr kpUr isMG ny 4-5 mwrc 1748 nUM holw-mh`lw mnwaux leI AwnMdpur swihb ivKy iek`Ty hox leI sB nUM qwkId kIqI[ holy-mh`ly dy ies iek`T iv`c gurmqw kIqw ik ivswKI dw smwgm ies vwr AMimRqsr mnwieAw jwvy Aqy AMimRqsr dy drSn ieSnwn leI rukwvt pwaux vwilAW nUM soiDAw jwvy[ieh hukm suxidAW isMGW ny mOkw pw ky drSn ieSnwn dI rukwvt pw rhy sQwpq kIqy hwkm slwbq KW Aqy aus dy swQIAW nUM mwr mukwieAw[ 29 mwrc 1748 nUM AMimRqsr ivKy TwTW mwrdw iek`T hoieAw[srdwr kpUr isMG ny srb`q ^wlsy A`gy nvIN j`QybMdI hoNd iv`c ilAwaux dw mqw r`iKAw[mqy Anuswr, ^wlsy dI sYink SkqI dw nW ‘dl Kwlsw’ qzvIz kIqw jo srb sMmqI nwL mnzUr ho igAw[dl ^wlsy dw muKI srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw nUM QwipAw[j`Qydwr kpUr isMG ny bzurg AvsQw hox kr ky ieh juMmyvwrI srdwr j`sw isMG spu`qr srdwr inhwl isMG ipMf AwhlU (nyVy lwhOr) nUM sMBwlI[ienHW dw jnm 1718 iv`c hoieAw sI Aqy AwhlU ipMf hox kr ky ieh j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dy nW nwl pRis`D ho gey[ienHW BweI kpUr isMG dI AgvweI hyT pMjW ipAwirAW pwsoN AMimRqpwn kIqw sI[[ CotI aumr ’c ieh id`lI iv`Ky (50)

sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mihl mwqw swihb kOr Aqy mwqw suMdr kOr jI pws vI rhy Aqy auQy rih ky gurmuKI, aurdU, &wrsI Aqy gurmiq igAwn hwsl kIqw[gurU mihlW dI j`sw isMG ’qy AYsI ikRpw idRStI hoeI ik gurU dy lwl nUM ^wlsw dl dw muKIAw bxn auprMq sulqwn-aul-kOm, &Kirey-is`K kOm Aqy pwqSwh srdwr dy ruqibAW nwL invwijAw[ienHW ruqibAW dI pRwpqI ies nqIjy vjoN hoeI ik j`sw isMG ny drvyS idl nwL kOm dw drvwn bx ky ibdySI jwlmW dw hMkwr P`tI vWg poc ky r`K id`qw sI[ies ny mhwn ivjyqw bx 1762 iv`c lwhOr AMdr ^wlsw dl dIAW srbq &OzW dy muKI vjoN prvyS kIqw sI qy is`K pwiqSwhI dw is`kw clwieAw sI[srdwr ny is`D kr id`qw sI ik isrV, isdk, inrMqr Xqn, Drm qy dyS nwl ipAwr Aqy Ssqr sUrbIr XoiDAW dy sihXogI huMdy hn[ieh zwlm qy zulm dw nwS kr ky gulwmI dIAW jMzIrW qoV AwzwdI prdwn kr idMdy hn[kvI iekbwl dy bol hn: XkIN muhkm, Aml pYhm, muh`bq &wiq hy Awlm, jhwid-ijMdgwnI myN hYN iXh mrdoN kI SmSIryN[ gulwmI myN nw kwm AwqI hY SmSIryN nw qdbIryN, jo ho zOik-XkIN pYdw, qo k`t jwqI hYN jMzIry[ 29 mwrc dy srb`q ^wlsy iv`c do mqy hor pws hoey[ie`k sIrwmsr ibbyksr lwgy bxweI gVHI nUM rwm rOxI dw nW dyxw, dUjw-imslW dI sQwpnw[

rwm rOxI gVHI ieh gVHI cOQy siqgurU sRI gurU rwmdws jI dI Et q`k isMGW ny 1748 iv`c bxweI sI[kuJ isMGW ny ikhw, “gVHI dI kI zrUrq hY, rVy mYdwn iv`c hI duSmx nwL m`Qw lwvWgy”[ pr sujwn isMGW ny ikhw, “gurU goibMd isMG jI ny vI AwnMdpur swihb ivKy iklHy bxwey sn Aqy ikilHAW iv`c ivcr ky zwlmW nwL Xu`D kIqy sn”[gVHI bxwaux leI rwmsr, ibbyksr koL jgHw ies leI cuxI geI ikauNik gurU rwmdws jI v`loN ieQy KUhI KudvweI sI[Awm invws leI qy Kws kr jMg smyN pwxI dI v`fI loV huMdI hY[ rqn isMG jI BMgU dy ies sMbMDI pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS iv`c Sbd hn: (51)

huqI KUhI qih gurU lvweI[iqh QW lInI nINh DrweI[ Awpy rwj isMG Awpy mjUr[bfy BujMgI idl ky sUr (15) Awpy pIsYN Awp pkwvYN[qyqy bf srdwr khwvYN[ joaU krY isMG bhuqo kMm[ ‘DMn DMn khY isMG iqsY jMm’[(16) cwr Er iqh rOxI bxweI[iem kr rOxI nwm sdweI[ igrdY ley Buie mrc putwie[ KweI leI Aiq ghr krwie[ ies gVHI dIAW kMDW im`tI dy fLy Aqy gwrw vrq ky iqAwr kIqIAW[idn rwq imhnq muSkq nwL qkrIbn ie`k mhIny iv`c gVHI iqAwr kr leI[ies AMdr 500 dy krIb GoV svwr smw skdy sn[ ieiqhwsk gvwhI hY ik ijauN hI mIr mnMU nUM isMGW vloN auswrI ies gVHI dI ^br imLI aus ny AzIz Kwn dI kmwn hyT qurkW dI &Oz Aqy keI phwVI rwijAW nUM qopKwny smyq lVweI leI cwVH id`qw[iqMn mhIny (AkqUbr qoN dsMbr) q`k Gmswn dI jMg huMdI rhI[ij`Qy qurk qy phwVIey isMGW nUM mwrn leI tu`t-tu`t ky pY rhy sn auQy isMG Syr dI inAweIN bVHkW mwr AwsmwnI ibjlI dI qrHW ienHW ’qy h`lw boldy sn[isMG AdInw byg nUM sbk isKwaux leI toL rhy sn pr ieh h`Q nw AwieAw[aus smyN j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw ijs nUM pMQ qoN CyikAw hoieAw sI, AdInw byg dI m`dd ’qy sI[isMGW ny j`sw isMG iecoiglIey (rwmgVHIey) nUM AwiKAw, “isMGw! ieh AwKrI smW hY Ajy vI swfy nwl rL jw[^wlsw tu`tI gMF idMdw hY”[ ieM\ j`sw isMG ^wlsy nwl Aw riLAw[aus smyN kudrq ny ie`k hor Bwxw vrqwieAw[mulqwn qoN Swh nvwz lwhOr ’qy cVH AwieAw[mIr mnMU ny twkry leI &Oj iqAwr kr leI Aqy twkry leI kOVw m`l nUM hukm kIqw[ies ny isMGW dI m`dd leI Aqy jMg iv`c isMGW ny Swh invwj nUM goLI mwr ky FyrI kr id`qw[pr iqMn mhIny dI jMg dOrwn rwm rOxI gVHI A`DI-pc`DI Fih geI sI[

is`K imslW BwvyN smu`cI sYink j`QybMdI dw nwm ‘dl ^wlsw’ r`iKAw igAw pr ies dI kuSlqw, aun`qI Aqy byhqrI leI nvyN Qwpy pRDwn srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny ies nUM 11 imslW (PirsqW) iv`c sMgiTq kr id`qw[ieh sn: (52)

nM: imsl dw nW

muKI sYnwpqI

1

AwhlUvwlIAw imsl

s. j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw

2

PYzlpurIAw imsl

nvwb kpUr isMG

3

Sukr c`kIAw imsl

s. nOD isMG

4

BMgIAW imsl

s. hrI isMG BMgI

5

inSwnW vwlI imsl

s. dsODw isMG

6

knHeIAw imsl

s. jY isMG kwnHw

7

nk`eIAw imsl

s. hIrw isMG nk`eI

8

f`lyvwlIAw imsl

s. gulwb isMG f`lyvwl

9

ShIdW imsl

bwbw dIp isMG

10 kRoV isMGIAw imsl 11

s. kRoVw (kroVw) isMG PYzgVH, ies ip`CoN bGyl isMG

sMGwxIAW rwmgVHIAw s. nMd isMG sMGwxIAw, ies ip`CoN j`sw isMG rwm-gVHIAw mwlvy iv`c 12 vIN imsl PUlikAW dI khweI

imsl dw Bwv hY sMG, sMgTn, rlwA, sMDI, myL jW gu`t[ieh ArbI BwSw dw Sbd hY Aqy smwnqw dw pRqIk hY[myjr hYnrI kort ny imsl nUM kbIlw, brwdrI, vrg, KMf Aqy SRyxI ibAwinAW hY[ kinMGm imsl nUM mjHbI sMgTn jwgIrdwrI (Theoratic Confederate Feudalism) ilKdw hY[ auh kihMdw hY ik ieh j`QybMdI mjHbI ies kr ky sI ikauN ju ‘vwihgurU’ hI aunHW dw shwiek qy r`iKAk sI[ Drm qy inSwny dI sWJ aunHW dw pRBwvSwlI isDWq sI Aqy gurU goibMd isMG dy SsqrW dI BgqI aunHW dw mwiek hiQAwr sI[ies qoN ielwvw auh swl iv`c do vwr AMimRqsr dy piv`qr Sihr iv`c iek`Ty huMdy sn qy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI iv`c bYT AglI kwrvweI leI sWJI Xojnw bxwauNdy sn[ieh imslW ie`k sMXukq ie`kT jW rwj sMG (Confedrate) dw pRqIk ies leI sn ik auh pUrn qOr qy Awzwd nhIN sn, sgoN bkwiedw qOr qy gurmqy dI sMsQw ADIn Awps iv`c sMgI sn[ieh kyNdrI sMsQw vYrI dy twkry leI Aqy jrvwixAW nUM n`Q pwaux leI rwjnIqI krdI sI[ieh (53)

imslW jwrIrdwrU ies leI sn ik ies j`QybMdI dy swry j`Qydwr sWJIAW ij`qW ’c pRwpq mwl Awpo iv`c bro-brwbr vMf lYNdy sn[A`goN hr j`Qy dw AwgU prwpq kIqIAW vsqW Awpxy swQIAW nUM ie`ko ijhw vMfdw sI[ prMqU ey. sI. bYnrzI (A.C. Bannerjee) is`K imslW dI j`QybMdI nUM sMgTq jwgIrdwrI nhIN mMndw[auh ilKdw hY ik imslW nw qW is`K Drm dy AsUlW ivru`D cldIAW sn Aqy nw hI ienHW dI rwjnIqI ’qy is`K gRMQIAW dw pUrn pRBwv sI[jwgIrdwrI iv`c qW ie`k-purKI rwj huMdw hY[ies leI imslW jmhUrI qOr ’qy is`KI dy Dwrimk AsUlW ’qy pihrw idMdIAW sn[ieh XoiDAW dw rwj-sMG sn Aqy Drm dy bMDn hI ienHW dy iek`T dw mu`K kwrn sn[ iebtsn (Ibbetson) ilKdw hY ik is`K imslW dI j`QybMdI mjHbI hkUmq, ie`k purKw rwj qy KudmuKqwrI dw AnoKw sumyl sI[is`K srdwr Aqy swry sYink gurU dI ^wqr Xu`D krdy sn Aqy AMimRqsr ivKy ie`kTy ho ky gurU gRMQ swihb dI hzUrI iv`c srb`q ^wlsy dy PYsilAW ’qy Pu`l cVHwauNdy sn[ieh imslW jmhUrI vI sn, ikauN ju imsl dw hryk ispwhI smwijk qy rwjinqk smwnqw dw AiDkwrI sI[ prMqU imslW dy j`QydwrW ’qy rok lwaux vwlw bkwiedw koeI swDn nhIN sI, ies leI AmlI qOr ’qy ieh KudmuKqwrI vwly isDWq ’qy cldIAW sn[[ kinMGm dy SbdW iv`c Drm pRqI Aqu`t ivSvwS qoN ibnW ies is`K j`QybMdI dw hor koeI inSwnw nhIN sI, auh ie`ko Akwl purK dy Brosy Drm ’qy nykI dI r`iKAw leI lV mr rhy sn[ aunHW nUM Awpxy gurU dy SbdW au~qy Brosw sI ik ie`k idn nykI dI zrUr ij`q hovygI qy doKI ^qm ho jwxgy: puMn pRqwpn bwF jYq Dun, pwpn ky bhu puMj KpYNgy] swD smUh pRsMn iPrYN jg, SqR sBY Avlok cpYNgy] (dsm gRMQ) srdwr suKidAwl isMG ibAwn krdy hn ik dl ^wlsy dIAW SwKwvW (imslW) vwLy isMG izMdgI Aqy mOq dI Kyf KyfidAW dIvwlI Aqy ivswKI dy mOikAW qy sRI Akwl q^q ’qy iek`Ty huMdy sn[gurmqw hI ^wlsy dI sMivDwnk rvwieq sI[ies dw hr mYNbr AMimRq Ck ky h`iQAwrbMd ho ky rihMdw sI[jMglW Aqy phwVW iv`c luk-iCp ky ijMdgI bsr krn kr ky ie`k GMty q`k vI izMgdI dw Brosw nhIN sI[ienHW lokW dw sRI gurU (54)

gRMQ swihb hI sB kuJ sI[vwihgurU dw Bwxw mMnxw ienHW dI KuSI sI[ sRI drbwr swihb iv`Ky gurbwxI suxnw hI ienHW dI Kurwk sI Aqy piv`qr srovr sRI AMimRqsr iv`c ieSnwn hI ienHW dI qwkq dw somw sI[ fwktr hrI rwm gupqw Anuswr, is`K srdwr ijhVy dl ^wlsy dIAW v`K-v`K imslW dy muKI sn, s`c-mu`c hI mhwn ispwhI Aqy dUridRStI dy AwgU sn[auh KulHy ihridAW dy mwlk sn, spSt socxI vwLy Aqy smyN dI nbz nUM pCwnx vwLy sn[ is`KW dy smu`cy ieiqhws iv`c dl ^wlsw dI sQwpnw ie`k bhuq hI mh`qv pUrn kdm sI[ienHW dI jbrdsq sYink SkqI ny rwjnIqk qwkq sQwpq krn leI rwh iqAwr kr id`qw sI[ auprokq ivcwr drswauNdy hn ik ienHW kOmI prvwinAW dy mnW AMdr sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy clwey inrml is`K pMQ nUM pRcMf krn leI mr imtxw ie`k Dwrimk &rz sI[auh gurU gRMQ Aqy ^wlsw pMQ dy s`cysu`cy syvk sn[Awpxy AwgU dw Aiq siqkwr krdy sn[dl dw j`Qydwr sB sYinkW nUM ie`k brwbr smJdw sI jd ik jwgIrdwrI isstm AMdr Ajyhw koeI ivDwn nhIN huMdw[imsl dw srdwr jW imsldwr KudmuKqwr jW qwnwSwhI dw rv`eIAw nhIN sI rKdw BwvyN AwpxI imsl dy ADIn ielwky iv`c AwpxI mrzI Anuswr rwj-pRbMD kr skdw sI[imsl dy hr ivAkqI nUM Awpxy ivcwr pRgt krn dI KulH sI[auh AwpxI mrzI muqwbk ie`k imsl qoN dUjI imsl ’c Swml ho skdw sI[iksy ispwhI jW Ahudydwr dI koeI qnKwh nhIN sI[ sB kuJ AwpxI svYie`Cw (Voluntarily) Anuswr hI kIqw jWdw sI[sB dI qnKwh isr& zulm Aqy bdI krn vwilAW dI lu`t-mwr dw mwl huMdw sI[auh mwl vI j`Qydwr sRI Akwl q^q swihb ’qy bYT ky sB nUM ie`k-brwbr vMfdw sI[ sr lYpl igRPn ilKdw hY ik imslW dy ispwhI izAwdwqr GoV svwr hI huMdy sn, ijnHW nUM ‘kwTIAWbMd’ dy nwm nwl jwixAW jWdw sI[....jdoN iksy ij`qy hoey ielwky iv`coN nzrwnw lYxw huMdw sI qW pihlI mMg GoiVAW dI hI kIqI jWdI sI[hr kwmXwb hmly ip`CoN pYdl ispwhI nUM GoVw dy ky GoV-svwr bxw id`qw jWdw sI[imslW dy isMG bhuq A`Cy GoV-svwr sn[jwrj Pwstr dy Sbd hn ik isMG Awpxy swQI isMG dy clwxy ’qy auqnw APsos nhIN sI krdy ijqnw Awpxy GoVy dy mrn ’qy krdy sn[ (55)

brwaUn Anuswr hr isMG do jW iqMn GoVy r`Kdw sI[ienHW dy GoiVAW dI r&qwr ieqnI qyz huMdI sI ik is`K sYnw ie`k idn iv`c 50 mIl qoN 120 mIl dw pYNfw qYA kr lYNdI sI[ isMG nUM BwvyN Awpxy Kwx nUM jy nhIN vI sI imldw pr GoiVAW dy Kwx-pIx dw pRbMD hr hwlq iv`c krdw sI ikauNik gurIlw lVweI GoiVAW qoN ibnW AsMBv sI[jwrj Pwstr dy ilKqI Sbd hn ik isMGW dy GoVy bhuq hI is`iKAk (trained) sn[jd auh qyz dOVdy smyN GoVy dI grdn ’qy QwpI idMdy sn qW GoVw ie`ky dm ruk jWdw sI[

gurmiqAW dw Xu`g is`KI AMdr 1745 qoN 1805 eIsvI dy smyN nUM gurmiqAW dw sunihrI Xu`g kihMdy hn[gurmqy dw Bwv hY gurU dy drswey mwrg Anuswr kIqw PYslw[jdoN vI is`KW ’qy ivSyS AOkV AwauNdI qW auh Akwl buMgy ’qy sRI gurU gRMQ dI hzUrI iv`c imL bYT ky &Yslw krdy[ies PYsly nUM ‘gurmqw’ kihMdy sn[gurmqy nUM gurU dw hukm mMn ky sB ies ’qy qn, mn qy Dn nwl pihrw idMdy sn[ mYlkm vI AwpxI pusqk skY~c AwP dI is`Ks (Sketch of the Sikhs) iv`c ilKdw hY ik 1745-1805 drimAwn is`KW dy swry mh`qv pUrn PYsly gurmqy pRxwlI nwL huMdy sn[gurmqy leI mhwn kOmI kONsl dw smwgm huMdw sI[ijs iv`c swry is`KW dy muKIey (imsldwr) iek`Ty huMdy sn[hr imsl dy muKI ny Awpxy Aqy AwpxI imsl dy is`KW dy invws hirmMdr swihb dI pRkrmw lwgy bxwey hoey sn[hr gurmqw Drm qy ADwrq sI qy Drm hI aus smyN is`KW dw jIvn ADwr sI[ jI. AY~l. copVw ny ‘dI pMjwb AYz swvrn styt’ (The Punjab as Soverign State) ilKq dI BUimkw iv`c AMikq kIqw hY ik gurmqw pRxwlI nUM is`KW dI kyNdrI srkwr Aqy aunHW nUM ie`k mu`T r`Kx leI v`fI SkqI mMinAw jWdw sI[ ieh swry ieiqhwskwr mMndy hn ik imslW dy sB srdwrW Aqy isMGW dw ivAkqIgq Aqy smUihk Awcrn bhuq au~cw sI[ BwvyN keI msilAW ’c aunHW dy m`q Byd sn pr ^qrnwk Aqy jwn lyvw hwlqW iv`c auh gurU dy aupdySW ’qy pihrw idMdy sn Aqy hirmMdr swihb phuMc (56)

ky srb`q Kwlsy dy iek`T iv`c Awpxy m`q-BydW nUM Bulw ky sWJy PYsilAW ’qy bVI Awn Aqy Swn nwl Pu`l cVHwauNdy sn[ srdwr Bgq isMG AwpxI lyKxI ‘A History of Sikh Misals’ iv`c vrnx krdy hn ik gurmqy dI sMsQw dw kMm rwjsI, Dwrimk qy AdwlqI sI[ieh sMsQw ‘dl Kwlsw’ dw AwgU cuxdI sI Aqy vYrIAW ivru`D &OjI kwrvweI dIAW qzvIjW iqAwr krdI sI[ pRoPYsr ikrpwl isMG ny AwpxI pusqk “is`K ieiqhws dy ivSyS p`K” iv`c ieh Sbd 124 pMnw ’qy ilKy hn, “1748 dy gurmqy ny swrI ^wlsw kOm nUM ie`k mu`T kr id`qw qy iKMfI SkqI sMXukq kr ky pMjwb iv`c nvIN rwjsI qwkq dI nINh r`KI”[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw dy Sbd ‘ihstrI Aw& dI is`Ks (History of the Sikhs)’ dy pMnw 134 ’qy drz hn, aus smyN jykr koeI qwkq ihMd iv`c pMjwb au~qy rwj krn dw ieKlwkI h`k rKdI sI qW auh is`K hI sn ijnHW bwr bwr pMjwb dI zulmW jwbrW qoN rwKI kIqI sI[

zwlmW nUM soDx leI FweI P`t dI lVweI zwlmW ivru`D isMGW dw lVweI FMg Awm qOr ’qy gurIlw iksm dw hI huMdw sI[ies dw kwrn sI ik zwlm v`fI igxqI iv`c huMdy sn jd ik ^wlsw dl dI igxqI qW Awty ’c lUx dy brwbr huMdI sI[AYsI lVweI leI isMGW iv`c ‘FweI P`t’ lVweI krn dw Sbd bVw hrmn ipAwrw sI[FweI P`t dw Bwv sI ik do rwh pUry Aqy ie`k rwh A`Dw Apnwauxw[do qy A`Dw nUM pMjwbI iv`c FweI ikhw jWdw hY[pihly rwh dw mqlb sI ik duSmx ’qy Acwnk hmlw krnw, dUjy rwh dw Bwv sI hmlw kr ky duSmx nUM soDxw Aqy aus v`loN lu`itAw hoieAw mwl Aqy gulwm bxwey juAwn muMfy qy kuVIAW CfwauxIAW Aqy iq`qr ho jwxw[A`Dw P`t vwlw rwh sI ik hmly smyN jykr dOiVAw nw jw sky qW lV ky ShId ho jwxw[pr mu`K koiSS iehI huMdI sI ik Acwnk hmly dOrwn duSmx nUM nukswn phuMcw ky ie`ky dm dOVn dI hI huMdI sI[ieh FweI P`t ^wlsy dw sMkyqk (code word) Sbd sI ijs qoN duSmx bhuq frdw sI[

(57)

guris`KW dI rihxI-bihxI Aqy cwl-Fwl dl ^wlsy dw hr isMG KMfy-bwty dI phul Ck AMimRqDwrI sI[hr ie`k dw AwdrS sI pUjw Akwl dI, prcw Sbd dw Aqy dIdwr ^wlsy dw[Bwv auh Akwl purK dy jsIey, gurbwxI dy rsIey Aqy gurU dy ^wlsy dy sKIey (ihqYSI) sn[aunHW Awpxw jIvn ArQwq qn, mn Aqy Dn gurU dy Arpn kIqw hoieAw sI[aunHW dw jIvn swdw, sv`lw Aqy sMquStI BirAw sI[auh pRBU dI pRymw BgqI, Drm dI ikrq Aqy vMf Ckx dy AwdI sn[ isMGW dI rsnw ’qy hr smyN gurU dw jwp sI, gurU hI ienHW dI Et sI Aqy gurU qoN ibnW ieh hor iksy dI pRvwh nhIN sI krdy[ gurbwxI dy Sbd ’qy hI hr smyN pihrw idMdy sn, jYsy : gurU gurU gur kr mn mor] gurU ibnw mY nwhI hor] isMGW dI suqMqrqw dI h`d, Awphudrypx Aqy ivAkqIgq dI pRikRAw qoN dUrI nUM Pwstr ilKdw hY “mYN ie`k is`K ispwhI nUM pu`iCAw, qyrw mwlk srdwr kOx hY?” qW aus dw jvwb sI, “isvwie gurU dy AsIN nhIN iksy nUM mwlk mMndy”[ ^wlsy dw mu`K inSwnw sI, gulwmI nUM gloN lwh ky suqMqrqw, svYmwn Aqy lok BlweI krnI[ aunHIN idnIN ie`k khwvq Awm pRc`lq sI, “KwDw pIqw lwhy dw bwkI AihmdSwhy dw”[pr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ^wlsy dw AkIdw imiQAw, “grIb dI r`iKAw Aqy jrvwxy dI B`iKAw”[ies isDWq dI pUrqI leI isMGW ny swlW b`DI jMglW iv`c idn ktI kIqI Aqy J`KV, JWgI, mINh, A`q dI grmI qy srdI, Bu`K, du`K Aqy mOq dI prvwh nhIN kIqI[ienHW qyV colw, isr ’qy dsqwr jW dmwlw, qyV kCihrw Aqy rwqW k`tx leI ie`k jW do kMbl (BUry) pws r`Ky hoey sn[ieM\ lok ienHW nUM ‘k`C vwly bwby’ jW ‘BUirAW vwly rwjy’ AwKdy sn[jrvwxy jdoN lokW dIAW DIAW, BYxW, iesqRIAW jW nUMhW gulwm bxw lYNdy qW auh PirAwdI ho ky isMGW pws phuMc ieauN vYx pwauNdy: ‘moVIN bwbw[k`C vwilAw, CeI! rMn geI, bsry nUM geI[ jdoN kdy isMG dwA qkw ky rotI-pwxI ^wqr jMgl dy lwgly ipMfW ’c AwauNdy qW pMjwbxW ieh kih ky suAwgq krdIAW: Awey nI inhMg, bUhy KolH dy insMg[ (58)

Bwv auh byfr ho ky isMGW nUM Awpxy rKvwly smJdIAW qy pRym nwL prSwdw CkwauNdIAW, bsqr Aqy Dn vI idMdIAW sn[ ienHW ^wlisAW dy boly vYrIAW nUM Bclwaux leI bVy gVg`j, cVHdI klw vwly Aqy gupq rUp sn[ijvyN qurMg isMG-GoVw, hry Gwh vwlI QWmKmlI PrS, mukqw-ShId, pKwny (t`tI) jwxw jW mYdwn jwxw, duSwlwkMbl, h`Q mUMh Doxw-pMj ieSnwnw, qih qoV-prONTw, thlUAw-prnw jW dup`tw, jMf dI &LI-jlybI, nVImwr-hu`kw pIx vwlw, buMgw-isMGW dw fyrw, iddwr isMG-SISw, cutklw pRswd-lUx imrc, cu`p-KMf, kysrhldI, koqvwl-cwkU, smuMdr-du`D, ig`dV-BgvyN kpVy vwlw swD, JwVU brdwr-sUbydwr, sbz mMdr-ru`K dI CW, sIS mihl-tu`tw C`pr, GoVwju`qI dw joVw, BgOqI-qlvwr, imiTAweI-SkrkMdI, lVwkI-lwl imrc, krwVI-mUlI, guibMdI-gwjr, kVwkw-Bu`Kw rihxw, kuqbdIn-ku`qw, AwkV BMn-buKwr, bdwm-Bu`jy Coly, bUMdI-b`klIAW, isr iKMfI-S`kr, rwm jMgwbMdUk, BUieM sUr-Slgm, bsMq kOr-m`kI, iPrnI-c`kI, DnMqr-inMm, isr guMm-rofw, hjUrIAw-prnw, saugI -hrw ColIAw, AiVMg biVMg hoxw-sOxw, Awid[

isMGW dI bhwdrI bwry ieiqhwskwrW dy ivcwr iemwdA-swAdq dw krqw ilKdw hY ik isMG bVy zorwvr, SyrW vrgy juAwn qy BrvyN k`d vwly hn[hr sUrmW do do sO koh q`k pRqI idn GoVy ’qy s&r kr lYNdw hY[vlYqI GoVy nUM qW auh l`q mwr ky hI Q`ly su`t lYNdy hn[ jy ies qrHW nw huMdw qW ieh vlYqI &Oz au~qy ikvyN ij`q pwauNdy? durwnI dI &Oz ny vI is`KW dI qyg dI DWk kbUl kIqI[krnl polIAr id`lI qoN 22 meI 1776 nUM ilKy ie`k p`qr iv`c drz krdw hY ik isMG Awm kr ky blvwn ju`sy vwly, k`dwvr Aqy kTn qoN vI kTn kMm kr skdy hn[rx q`qy iv`c auh SyrW vWg b`ukdy Aqy morW vWg pYlW pauNdy hn[bMdUk clwaux iv`c ienHW nwloN vD ky ies dw kwrIgr koeI nhIN[ieh s`jy, K`by, A`gy, ip`Cy bVI PurqI nwL lgwqwr golIAW dwgx iv`c inpuMn hn[ jykr myrI g`l dw ivSvwS nhIN qW lVweI krn vwilAW pwsoN pu`C ky dyKo[lVweI qoN v`D ky ienHW dy gux suxo, ieh hornW jMgjU lokW nwLoN rihm idl hn[lVweI iv`c jy koeI nmrd hiQAwr ienHW A`gy su`t dvy jW n`s jwvy qW aus nUM kdy nhIN mwrdy[ienHW iv`c ivBcwr nhIN (59)

Aqy iksy qRImq dw gihxw g`tw nhIN lu`tdy[Kulwswqu-qvwrIK dy ilKwrI ny iliKAw hY, ‘Awpxy qy prwey iv`c ienHW is`KW dI nzr iv`c ie`ko ijhy hn[dosq qy duSmx ienHW leI brwbr hn: Kyso bygwnw dr nzry eySW XkSW[ dosqo duSmn dr nzry eysW brwbr[ ij`Qy q`k bdly dw quA`lk hY, is`KW ny kdI auh vihSIAwnw FMg nhIN ApxwieAw, ijs iksm dw vrqwau 60 vrHy muslm hwkm aunHW nwL krdy rhy[aunHW SwhI Purmwn jwrI kIqy, “ij`Qy gurU nwnk dy is`K imlx, aunHW nUM au~Qy hI kql kr id`qw jwvy”[ nwnk pRsqW rw hr jw ik Qw XwbMd bkql rswnMd[ (AKbwir drvwir-muA`lw) kwzI nUr muhMmd 1763 iv`c Aihmd Swh durwnI dy s`qvyN hmly vyly aus dy nwl AwieAw Aqy isMGW dy kwrnwmy jo aus ny A`KIN dyKy bwry ieM\ ibAwn krdw hY, ‘isMGW nUM sg (ku`qy) nw AwKo, auh qW Syr dI inAweIN hn[koeI AwdmI ienHW dy swmHxy AV-KVH nhIN skdw, BwvyN auh ikqnw hI joDw qy bl vwlw ikauN nw hovy[jd ieh nyjy nUM h`Q pwauNdy hn qW vYrI dI sYnw nUM BWj pw idMdy hn, jd ieh kmwn ’qy ic`lw cwVHdy hn qW vYrI dI jwn lYx vwLy qIr C`fdy hn Aqy jd ienHW dw qbr iclqy(sMjo) au~qy pYNdw hY qW vYrI dw iclqw hI K`&x bx jWdw hY[ imstr brnz dy Sbd hn, “is`K kOm bhuq hI &rwK-idl hY[ mzHbI iBMn Byd dy bwvjUd is`K rihm idlI qoN hI kMm lYNdy hn”[ sr lYpl igRPn vI ies g`l dI gvwhI Brdw hY ik is`K jMg smyN vI mnu`K hI rihMdy hn, BUqny nhIN bxdy[ mYN ienHW dI ieiqhws AMdr AOrqW dI bypqI krn Aqy vihSIAwnw qsIhy dyx dI koeI Gtnw nhIN pVHI[ qvwrIKy pMjwb iv`c bUty Swh ilKdw hY, “is`K jdoN iksy vYrI dy kw&ly au~qy h`lw boLdy hn qW auh mrd dy isroN pgVI kdy nhIN auqwrdy Aqy nw hI AOrq dy gihixAW jW bsqrW nUM h`Q pwauNdy hn”[ vgr dr hIny kzwkI ksy kw&lw rw qwrwz nmUdMd[ dsqwr Az sry hrigz Prw n my AwPur dMd[ vw br pwrdw vw zyvry znw muqilk dsq AMdwz n msvMd[ (60)

ipAwrw isMG pdm sMKyp is`K ieiqhws dy pMnw 137 ’qy gztIAr dw hvwlw dy ky ilKdy hn ik is`K srdwr QW QW lMgr lwauNdy hn[jdoN 1782 eIsvI iv`c cwLIey dw kwl ipAw qW ielwky dy srdwr bu`D isMG ny AwpxI swrI jwiedwd vyc ky lokweI leI lMgr lgw id`qy[ fwktr hrI rwm gupqw ihstrI Aw& dI isKm dI pihlI ijld dy pMnw 272 ’qy klmbMd krdy hn: isMGW ny pMjwb leI, ‘bIr BUmI Xw sUrimAW dw dyS’ AwKy jwx dw mwx ijqwieAw[aunHW dy mwx m`qy vwLI g`l shI hY ik auhnW 800 virHAW qoN vihMdy ivdySI jrvwixAW dy hmilAW nUM T`lH pw id`qI[ies kr ky au~qrI ihMd dy vsnIk Awm qOr ’qy pMjwb vwsI Aqy ^ws qOr ’qy is`KW dy AiqAMq irxI hn[ ‘The sikhs won for the Punjab the envied title of ‘the soldier’s land’ and who alone can boast of having erected a bulmark of defence against foreign aggression, the tide of which had run its prosperous course for the preceding 800 years and to whom all other peoples of northern India in general and of the Punjab in particular owe a deep debt of gratitude.(History of the Sikhs, P272 First valume) ieM\ muslmwn, AMgryz Aqy ihMdU lyKkW ny isMGW dI bhwdrI, kurbwnI, Awcrn Aqy AwzwdI vwLI mhwn soc nUM KUB drswieAw Aqy vifAwieAw hY[AYsI lok-BlweI, lok-rwj, iensw& Aqy Awpxy h`k pRwpq krn dI imswl aus smyN dy ieiqhws iv`c sMswr AMdr G`t hI imldI hY[ihMd AMdr pMjwb dI DrqI ’qy ienHW kurbwnIAW sdkw Syirey-pMjwb mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny sqluj qoN jmrOd q`k Swndwr is`K rwj sQwpq kIqw[

kRoV isMGIAw imsl kRoV isMGIAw imsl sB qoN v`fI, au~cI-su`cI Aqy virAwm XoiDAW dI hoNd kwrn bVI qwkqvr sI[bUty Swh qvwrIK-eI-pMjwb, fwktr gMfw isMG Aqy rqn isMG BMgU dIAW ilKqW drswauNdIAW hn ik Swm isMG sMDU (j`t) ipMf nwrlI msqwn isMG jI dy fyry iv`c gurmuKI iv`idAw, Ssqr iv`idAw Aqy kIrqn iv`idAw is`Kdy sn[ienHW ieQy rih ky hI msqwn isMG jI qoN KMfy-bwty dI phul CkI[ msqwn isMG, bwbw bMdw (61)

isMG bhwdr dI sYnw iv`c j`Qydwr sn[muglW nwL lVweI smyN c`pVic`VI (srihMd lwgy) jMgy-mYdwn ’c ieh ShId ho gey[auprMq kpUr isMG isMGwpurIAw fyry dy muKI bxy, ienHW dy smyN Swm isMG ‘dl-^wlsw’ dI hr kwrvweI ’c vD-cVH ky ih`sw lYNdy sn[kpUr isMG dy pRlok gmn ip`CoN imsl dI vwg for srdwr Swm isMG ny sMBwlI[ rqn isMG BMgU jI kQn krdy hn ik Swm isMG myry nwnw jI sI, aunHW dw suBwA bVw hI dirAw idl, bolI im`TI, gurbwxI dy rsIey qy jsIey Aqy Awey gey hryk vrg leI lMgr hmySW cwlU rKdy sI[auh Awp vI AMimRqDwrI sn Aqy horW nUM ies ivDwn ’c prvyS krn leI qqpr rihMdy sn[Swm isMG jI dy AOlwd nw hox kr ky aunHW ip`CoN 1739 ’c fyry dI sWB-sMBwl aunHW dy BqIjy krm isMG ny sMBwlI[ krm isMG ny dIvwn drbwrw isMG dI h`lw-SyrI ’qy AMimRqpwn kIqw[jwlMDr dI jMg jo nwsIr-aud-dIn Aqy AdInw byg ivckwr hoeI, iv`c AdInw byg dI m`dd kridAW nwsIr-aud-dIn dy mu`K ispwhslwr KYr Swh dw sIs krm isMG ny klm kr id`qw[ies kwrn krm isMG nUM in`fr Aqy bhwdr XoDw grdwinAW[ies ny Awpxy blbUqy ’qy aunHW lokW nUM muV is`KI gRihx krweI ijnHW nUM zkrIey ny D`ky nwl muslmwn bxwieAw sI[kudrqI krm isMG dy vI koeI pu`qr nhIN sI ijs kwrn krm isMG dI mOq auprMq BweI kRoVw isMG ivrk mwJy dw ijmINdwr aus dw jwn nSIn bixAW[ ieh bwrkI ipMf, ijlHw lwhOr dw vsnIk sI[kRoVw isMG ny ielwky dy bhuq swry nOjvwn Awpxy dl iv`c BrqI kIqy[auprMq ies ny imsl ADIn hirAwxw Aqy Swm cOrwsI (ijlHw huiSAwrpur, pMjwb) dy ielwky lY AWdy[ ies dy Swndwr pRbMD dy kwrn fyry ny au~c bulMdIAW CohIAW[ bVI jldI ies dy GoV svwrW dI igxqI 8 hzwr q`k jw phuMcI[kRoVw isMG dI idAwnqdwrI, pRBwvI lIfriSp Aqy dlyrI nUM mu`K rKidAW imsl dw nW kRoV isMGIAw imsl pY igAw[ kRoVw isMG ny mhwrwjw Brqpur dI m`dd kr ky keI ij`qW dvweIAW[ A&gwn bulMd KW nwl m`Qw lwieAw Aqy aus dw Kzwnw lu`itAw[ ErmuV tWfw dI lVweI iv`c dIvwn ibsMbr dws nUM kql kIqw[ ies dI sUrbIrqw Aqy Xu`D klw nUM sux kumhyr(rwjsQwn) dy rwjw fyk ny m`dd leI qwlmyl kIqw Aqy 1 rupey pRqI idn GoV svwr nUM dyxw mMinAw[BweI kRoVw isMG 5 hzwr GoV svwr lY ky AjImwbwd (qrwvVI) phuMcy[pr (62)

kMjpurw dy nvwb dIAW &OzW dy nwl jMg iv`c jOhr idKwauNdy 1761 iv`c ShId ho gey[keI ieiqhwskwrW ny iliKAw hY ik iek idn isMG jd GoiVAW leI KyqW iv`c Gwh vgYrw lYx gey qW auQy izmINdwrW nwl tkrw ho igAw[ie`k izmINdwr ny gu`sy ’c Aw ky jQydwr kRoVw isMG nUM golI dw inSwnw bxw id`qw qy auh pRwx iqAwg igAw[BweI kRoVw isMG dy koeI AOlwd nhIN sI[ienHW dI mOq auprMq srb sMmqI nwl 1761 nUM BweI bGyl isMG nUM kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw j`Qydwr inXukq kr id`qw[

bGyl isMG ny kRoV isMGIAw imsl nUM SkqISwlI bnwauxw imsl dI srdwrI pMQk sUJ-bUJ, AiDAwqmk jIvn, kurbwnI, qp-iqAwg Aqy kIqI syvw-Gwlxw qoN vgYr pRwpq nhIN huMdI sI[BweI bGyl isMG dI srbWgI SksIAq, srIirk Aqy mwnisk guxW dw sumyl sI[srdwr rUp isMG Anuswr ‘BwvyN bu`DI SKsIAq dw Kws gux hY pr bu`DI-Xogqw dy nwl nwl srIirk Aqy mwnisk SkqIAW nUM A`KoN-proKy nhIN kIqw jw skdw, ijnHW iv`c Xwd-dwSq, klpnw, qrk qy iDAwn SkqI ivAkqIqv dy gux Dur drgwhoN r`bI ikRpw sdkw hI huMdy hn’[jy koeI v`fw sUrmw hY qW ieh sUrmgqI vI pRBU bKiSS qoN ibnW nhIN ho skdI[gurbwxI dy mhWvwk hn: Aq sUrw jo koaU khwvY] pRBu kI klw ibnw kih DwvY](òøò) BweI bGyl isMG AMdr bhwdrI, dlyrI, iqAwg, dUr-drSI, zbq Awid guxW qoN ielwvw j`QybMdI nUM sMgTn krn dI mn iv`c rON kwrn kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw muKIAw bxwieAw igAw[keI ieiqhwsk ilKqW Anuswr BweI kRoVw isMG ny ijauNdy jIA kih id`qw sI ik myry ip`CoN bGyl isMG imsl dw srdwr hovygw[ienHW dI ihMmq, Xogqw Aqy qkbIr sdkw ieh imsl sB imslW nwloN v`fI Aqy qwkqvr bxI[ so bGyl isMG bwry ieh kihxw bxdw hY: Syr vWgUM g`jxw, vYrI dy sIny v`jxw, gurU dy isMG dw kwj sI[ rx iv`coN kdy nhIN B`jxw, auey myirAw s`jxw, ieh aus dw nwd sI[ idl Cpwauxw Awpxw, qy idl ihlwauxw vYrI dw, ieh aus dw ivsmwd sI[ (63)

JMfw auTwauxw pMQ dw, qy Sbd gwauxw gurU gRMQ dw, iehI isMG bGyl dw rwj sI[ srdwr bGyl isMG nUM S`k hoieAw ik rwjy fyk kumhyr ny BweI kRoVw isMG nUM iksy gu`JI nIqI ADIn mrvwieAw hovygw[imsl dI srdwrI dIAW sB rsmW pUrn kr ky srdwr is`K &Oj lY qrwvVI vl c`l ipAw[is`K &Oj dw jdoN aus vl Awauxw suixAw qW aus ny jMg dI iqAwrI kr leI Aqy Awpxy ielwky iv`c dwKly ’qy rok leI &Oj qYnwq kr id`qI[isMGW ny phuMc ky rwjy dI &Oj dy AiDkwrIAW nUM frwbw id`qw ik jW qW kIqy iekrwrnwmy Anuswr Dn dy idau nhIN qW kumhyr Sihr aujwV idAWgy[rwjw ieh dyK Gbrw igAw Aqy Awpxw vkIl g`lbwq leI ByijAw[ vkIl ny srdwr bGyl isMG nwL g`lbwq dOrwn AwiKAw ik qusIN &Oz vwps lY jwau[bGyl isMG dy &Oj vwps ljwx qoN nWh krn ’qy rwjy ny jQydwr nUM Awpxy mihlW ’c bulwieAw, bVw Awdr mwx kIqw Aqy kuJ SwhI vsqW vI ByNt kIqIAW[dUjy pwsy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw rwjy dIAW &OjW nwL mu`T-ByV smyN P`tV ho gey[AwKIr rwjy ny 10 hjwr rupey dy ky KihVw CufwieAw[srdwr bGyl isMG kuJ idn auQy rih ky jlMDr duAwb vl Aw gey[ qlvx dw muKI muhMmd Kwn srdwr kRoVw isMG dw cMgw dosq sI[aus pws 300 dy krIb GoV-svwr sUrmy sn[srdwr bGyl isMG vI muhMmd Kwn dI hmySw m`dd krdw sI[Aihmd Swh ny jdoN pMjwb ’qy hmlw kIqw qW muhMmd Kwn bcwA leI nUr mihl dI srW iv`c luk igAw[AbdwlI dy cly jwx auprMq Kwn ny ies dI m`dd leI Awpxy BqIjy hmIr isMG nUM 3 hzwr GoV cVHy isMG Byjy[rsqy iv`c hmIr isMG dI hor is`K j`iQAW nwL t`kr hox kr ky auh P`tV ho igAw[kuJ smyN bwAd mIAW muhMmd qlvx Aw igAw[ies smyN kudrqI bGyl isMG vI sYinkW nwL qlvx hI fyrw lweI bYTw sI[ kihMdy hn ik j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny bGyl isMG nUM Byd BirAw p`qr iliKAw ik qUM hux qlvx Awpxy ADIn kr lY[ieh g`l nw hovy ik mIeyN nUM hrw ky ies ’qy koeI hor kwbz ho jwvy[bGyl isMG bVw cqr, jWbwj Aqy ienklwbI XoDw sI[ies ny mIeyN nUM ikhw, “mIAW swihb swnUM Cotw ijhw iklHw bnwaux leI qlvx ’c jgHw dy idau[ies nwl iksy (64)

bwhrI hmly qoN quhwfw qy swfw bcwA ho skygw”[mIAW ny iklHw bxwaux leI QW dy id`qI Aqy isMGW ny ie`k mhIny ’c iklHw auswr id`qw[ iPr iklHy iv`c Qwxw vI sQwpq kr id`qw[ieiqhwsk vyrvy Anuswr bGyl isMG ny pUrI qrHW kbjw nhIN sI kIqw pr mIeyN qoN ielwky nUM pRwpq hoey mwlIey ’coN cOQw ih`sw vsUl krdw sI[ bGyl isMG ny jIvn iv`c bVIAW mwrW mwrIAW ijvyN aus dy jIvn pMD Aqy Aglyry AiDAwieAW iv`c vrnx kIqw igAw hY[srdwr Bgq isMG ny ‘A History of the Sikh Mislas’ iv`c iliKAw hY ik 1783 iv`c bGyl isMG dI kmwn hyT 60 hzwr sYink sn[iesy krky rqn isMG BMgU ny ieh Sbd AMikq kIqy: sB imsloN qy eyhu vfyrI[ qwkqvr virAwm aucyrI[ imsl dI srdwrI imlx auprMq bGyl isMG ny (1761-1802) qkrIbn 41 swl srdwrI kIqI Aqy kRoV isMGIAw imsl nUM bulMdIAW ’qy phuMcwieAw[ ienHW dy Akwl clwxy ip`CoN BweI joD isMG jo BweI swihb dy AinMn dosq srdwr gurbKS isMG dw pu`qr sI, imsl dw auq`rw AiDkwrI bixAw[ Bwg isMG AwpxI ilKq qwrIK-eI-KMdwn-eI-irAwsq, klsIAW, ijs dy AfItr Twkr ngInw rwm sn Aqy jo 1930 iv`c CpI, pMnw 533 qoN 537 ’qy BweI joD isMG v`loN jlwlwbwd, Brqpur, qlvx Aqy GuVwm dIAW jMgW iv`c CwqI qwx ky m`dd kIqI sI[joD isMG vI bVw PurqIlw, CYl-CbIlw Aqy jitlw XoDw sI[ieh lwhOr ijlHy dI qihsIl ksUr dy ipMf klsIAW dw vsnIk sMDU j`t sI[ies ny Kjwn isMG qoN CCrOlI Aqy fyrw bsI Koh ley[joD isMG dw pu`qr hrI isMG pitAwly dy rwjy swihb isMG dI lVkI krm kOr nwl ivAwihAw hoieAw sI[sMn 1807 iv`c hrI isMG, mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dI &Oz iv`c Swml ho liVAw sI ijs bdly Syir-ey-pMjwb ny aus nUM KuS ho ky nrYxgVH dw prgnw sMBwl id`qw[ ies qoN ielwvw bfwlw, kMnHyrI Aqy Jbwl dw ielwkw vI Swml sI[ srdwr hrI isMG 1817 iv`c mulqwn dI jMg iv`c ShId ho igAw[ ies ip`CoN kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw swrw ielwkw klsIAW pRvwr iv`c Swml ho igAw[ hrI isMG ip`CoN ies dw lVkw lYhxw isMG 1858 q`k kwbz irhw[ soBw isMG dw pu`qr lYhxw isMG (65)

(1869-83) AMgryz p`KI irhw[ lYhxw isMG dy pu`qr ibSn isMG (186983) pws ieh ielwkw sI ijs dI Awmdn 1,30,300 rupey pRqI swl sI[ibSn isMG bwAd jgjIq isMG (1883-86) Aqy aus ip`CoN rxjIq isMG (1886-1908) Aqy rvI Syr isMG (1908-1947) vwrs bxy[Asl iv`c kRoV isMGIAw imsl dw swrw ielwkw bGyl isMG dI srdwrnI rqn kOr dI mOq auprMq mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy AMgryzW ADIn cilAw igAw sI[1947-48 iv`c klsIAW prvwr dw ielwkw pitAwly Aqy pUrbI pMjwb styt XUnIAn iv`c imlw id`qw igAw[

mIr mnUM dw zwlmpuxw mIr mnMU id`lI srkwr v`loN Qwpy vzIr kmrudIn dw pu`qr sI[ies dw pUrw nW muienl mulk sI[ ieh bVw cMfwl, dYNq rUp Aqy pwpI sI[ieh mIr muienl mulk AiqAwcwrW kwrn mIr mnUM dy nW nwl pRis`D ho igAw[mwnpur dy AsQwn ’qy id`lI v`loN Aihmd Swh AbdwlI ivru`D 1748 eIsvI nUM mIr muienl dI kmwn hyT ByjI sYnw dw s^q mukwblw hoieAw[ies jMg iv`c vzIr kmru`dIn mwirAw igAw Aqy AbdwlI dI hwr hoeI[ies ij`q kwrn ApRYl 1748 nUM muienl mulk (mnUM) nUM lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxw id`qw[lwhOr phuMc ky ies ny lKpq rwey ijs nUM AbdwlI ny hwkm inXukq kIqw sI, kYd kr ky dIvwn kOVw m`l nUM Awpxw nwieb bxwieAw[jlMDr duAwb dw &Ojdwr AdInw byg nUM QwipAw[ lKpq rwey (l`KU) ny is`KW ’qy bVy A`iqAwcwr kIqy sn[Aijhy pwpI dw AMq mwVw hI huMdw hY[mnUM ny ies nUM 30 l`K rupey nzrwnw dyx leI AwiKAw pr ieh swrw Dn dyx qoN Asmr`Q irhw[rqn isMG BMgU jI l`KU dy BYVy kwrnwimAW bwry ilKdy hn: qb l`KU ny hokw idvwXo[nwnk ko nwnU kihvwXo[ nwnk bwnI sunY jo kwn[qWih krwvo muslmwn[ (5) gRMQ pMQI h`Q Awvih vwih[mD dirAwie fubwvY qwih[ kih mY nwnk pMQ imtwaUN[mYN BI K`qRI qaU khwaUN[(6) aus smyN kOVw m`l dy kihx qy mnUM ny l`KU nUM isMGW dy hvwly kr id`qw[isMGW ny jo ies nUM szw id`qI aus bwry BMgU jI ilKdy hn: Xo kih dInI muSkn (t`tI) cVHwie[ (66)

ishq (t`tI) Kwny mYN idXo igrwie[ is`Kn qy iqs sIs hgwXo[AOr lokn qy sIs muqwXo[127 Bwv isMGW ny lKpq rwey (l`KU) nUM muSkW bMnH ky t`tI Kwny iv`c su`t ies dy mUMh qy t`tI dw qobrw cVHw id`qw[hr ie`k isMG nUM hukm kIqw ik ies dy isr qy hI mUqo Aqy h`go[ ieM\ ieh is`KW dw jwnI duSmx du`K Bog ky mirAw[ dIvwn kOoVw m`l ny isMGW nUM p`tI prgxy dy 12 ipMf qy cUxIAW dI jwgIr idvweI[nvwb kpUr isMG ny ies jwgIr dy Dn nwl idn rwq lMgr clwieAw[sMn 1752 iv`c AbdwlI ny lwhOr nUM Gyrw pw ilAw[ies jMg iv`c kOVw m`l (im`Tw m`l) 6 mwrc 1752 nUM mwirAw igAw[AbdwlI ny mIr mnUM nUM pkV ilAw[muPqI AlIaudIn ny iebrqnwmy iv`c durwnI AbdwlI Aqy mnUM ivckwr hoeI vwrqwlwp nUM ieM\ drz kIqw hY, “durwnI ny ikhw ik mnUM hux qUM myry rihm ’qy hNY; d`s qyry nwl kI slUk kIqw jwvy? mnMU A`goN boilAw, jykr qUM vpwrI hYN qW mYnUM vyc dy, jy ksweI hYN qW mwr dy Aqy jy bwdSwh hNY qW iKmw kr dy[ ies dI isAwxp Aqy dlyrI BirAw au~qr sux durwnI ny pRBwvq ho ky mIr mnUM nUM “PrzMdy Kwn bhwdr rusqmy ihMd” dw iKqwb id`qw Aqy lwhOr dw sUbydwr bxwieAw[kSmIr dw hwkm suKjIvn nUM bxwieAw[ durwnI dy kihx qy mIr mnUM ny is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux leI l`k bMnH ilAw[rusqmy ihMd dw Ahudw gRihx kr ky ieh GmMf ’c AwieAw hoieAw lwtW vWg jIvn ibqwaux l`g igAw Aqy dUijAW nUM kIVy-mkOVy hI smJdw sI[1752 dI ivswKI ^wlsw AwnMdpur swihb ivKy mnw irhw sI qW AdInwbyg Aqy sdIk byg ny v`fI &Oz nwL ienHW ’qy hmlw kr id`qw ijs iv`c kwPI isMG ShIdIAW pw gey Aqy kuJ bc inkly[mnMU ny mIr momn KW nUM &Oj dy ky isMGW dy ^wqmy leI l`KI jMgl vl G`ilAw pr isMGW v`loN id`qy mUMh BMn jvwb kwrn ieh bhuqw s&l nw hoieAw[ qihmws KW imskIn ny qihrIky-qihmws-imskIn jo 1780 ’c ilKI drz kIqw ik mIr mnUM ny seIAd-jYml-aud dIn KW qy bKSI gwzI byg KW nUM AMimRqsr &Oj dy ky ByijAw[ ienHW rwm rOxI gVHI ’qy BwrI hmlw kIqw[isMGW ft ky mukwblw kIqw Aqy 900 dy krIb ShId ho gey[ieh ShIdIAW mugl &Oj dIAW qopW dy goLy vrHwaux kwrn hoeIAW[ (67)

isMGW pws koeI qopKwnw nhIN sI[ mOlvI nUr Aihmd icsqI Anuswr mnUM ny eId vwLy idn krIb 1100 isMG Aqy bhuq swry ihMdUAW dy isr klm krw id`qy[ ieM\ ieh k`tV quA`sbI Aqy BYVw mnu`K hI nhIN sgoN dYNq rUp sI[ is`KW Aqy ihMdUAW nUM hzwrW dI igxqI iv`c mwrn auprMq ies ny iesqRIAW Aqy aunW dy b`icAW nUM inSwnw bxwieAw[ ies ny shuM KwDI ik mYN svw syr jnyaU bwl ky iPr Kwxw KwvWgw[ ie`k is`K dw isr v`F ky ilAwaux vwly nUM 25 rupey ienwm dyx l`igAw[ ipMfW iv`c isMGxIAW du`D cuMGdy b`icAW smyq jylHIN f`k id`qIAW[ aunHW qoN svw svw mx dwxy ipsvwey[ jykr koeI iF`lI m`TI hox kwrn c`kI nhIN sI pINhdI aus nUM CwqI ’qy p`Qr mwr mwr ky mwr id`qw jWdw sI[ nnHy nnHy b`cy tu`kVy kr kr JolIAW iv`c pwey, pr ieh gurU gurU krdIAW nw hI folIAW Aqy nw hI DrmhIx hoeIAW[ isMG ieqny kSt, musIbqW Aqy pwpI J`KV J`ldy hoey vI gw rhy sn: mIr mnMU AswfI dwqRI, AsIN mnUM dy soie[ ijauN ijauN mnMU swnUM v`Fdw, AsIN dUx svwie hoie] (iebrqnwmw, AlwaudIn) isMGxIAW nUM kYd krnw, qsIhy dyxy Aqy aunHW dy b`cy mwrny isMGW dy KUn nUM hmySw aubwly KuAw irhw sI[ kudrq bVI zorwvr hY[ jo vI siqgurU nUM s`cy idl nwL iDAwauNdw hY, auh aus dI rKvwlI krdw hY[ aus dy Gr iv`c AMDyr nhIN[ gurbwxI dy bol hn: pwpI kw Gr AgnI mwih] jlq rhy kbhU imt nwih] ieh khwvq vI hY ‘pwpI ko mwrny ky lIey pwp mhWblI hY[’ gurU dy swjy-invwzy ^wlsy nUM imtwaux vwly Awp imt jWdy hn[ gurUu ky isMG kihMdy BwvyN mnUM swnUM Gwh PUs dy smwn smJ ky swfy ’qy AwpxI dwqI Pyr irhw hY pr aus nUM ieh nhIN pqw ky Gwh k`tx nwL dUx svwieAw vDdw hY[ ieiqhwsk q`QW muqwbk mnMU nUM ^br imLI ik ksUr lwgy isMGW ny itkwxw kIqw hoieAw hY[ ies hMkwrI, ivkwrI qy nrkDwrI ny sYnw (68)

lY isMGW dw ip`Cw kIqw[ auQy phuMc ky ies ny isMGW nUM koh koh ky mrvwieAw[ ies kqlyAwm auprMq ieh KuSIAW mnwauNdw jdoN vwps Aw irhw sI qW r`bI Bwxw AYsw vriqAw ik ies dI GoVI ijs au~pr svwr sI Acwnk AYsI qRbkI ik au~cIAW au~cIAW ClWgW mwr dOV peI[ ies dOrwn mnUM ie`k pwsy ltk igAw Aqy ies dw pYr rkwb iv`c Ps igAw[ ieM\ qRbkI hoeI GoVI ies nUM dUr q`k GsIt ky lY geI[ ies ny bQyrI hwl-duhweI mcweI Aqy AwKIr ies pwpI dy pRwx inkl gey[ ieh g`l 3 nvMbr 1753 dI hY[ mIr mnUM dw hmjolI Aqy sihgwmI qihmws KW imskIn ‘qihrIkyqihmws-imskIn’ dy pMnw 87-90 iv`c ies dI hoeI drdnwk mOq dw vrnx krdw hY[ ieh ilKdw hY ik mIr mnMU, Abdur rhIm KW jvweI Abdu`s smuMd KW dy mihl iv`c jo ShId gMj koL hY d&nwieAw igAw[ KuSvkq rwey ‘ikqwby qvwrIKy pMjwb’ jo 1812 ’c ilKI dy pMnw 88 ’qy ilKdw hY ik mhwrwjw Syr isMG dy Swsn kwl smyN is`KW ny Abdu`s rhIm KW dw mihl Fwh id`qw Aqy mIr mnMU dI kbr pu`t aus dIAW h`fIAW bwhr su`t id`qIAW[ ieh vwrqw lwhOr gztIAr dy pMnw 28 ’qy vI AMikq hY[

isMGW dI cVHdI klw sMswr AMdr vrq rhI r`bI Kyf AMdr du`K auprMq su`K, hwr auprMq ij`q Aqy FihMdI klw auprMq cVHdI klw dI Aws r`KI jWdI hY[ Awzwd ihrdy r`Kx vwLI kOm gulwm nhIN bxweI jw skdI[ ienklwbI kdy ipCWh nUM nhIN sgoN AgWh nUM hI q`kdw hY pr ies leI kurbwnI dyxI pYNdI hY[ fwktr iekbwl dy Sbd hn ik isMG bhwdrW ny ATwrvIN sdI AMdr ieslwm vwilAW qoN kurwn vI Koh ilAw qy qlvwr vI[ kurwn ies leI ik jbrI Drm qbdIl dy hVH nUM bMnH lw id`qw qy qlvwr ies leI ik id`lI ’qy kwbl dIAW dohW qwkqW nUM hyTW lwh ky auh Awp pMjwb dy vwirs bx gey[

(69)

BUirAW vwLy rwjy mnMU dI mOq ip`CoN isMGW ny pihlw kMm, lwhOr dIAW jylHW ’c bMd isMGxIAW Aqy aunHW dy b`icAW nUM irhw krwieAw[ dUjw kMm; ieh kIqw ik srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw ny rwm rOxI gVHI jo mIr mnUM ny FuAw id`qI sI aus nUM bxvwieAw Aqy bdl ky ies dw nW ‘rwm gVH’ r`iKAw[ qIjw; srdwr cVHq isMG Aqy srdwr jY isMG ny muslmwnI Bys Dwr ky 500 isMGW nwL lwhOr dw ‘prI mihl’ Aqy ‘rMg mihl lu`itAw[ cOQw; sMn 1774 nUM 12 hzwr isMGW ny srihMd ’qy jw kbzw kIqw Aqy doSIAW nUM dMf id`qy[ pMjvW, ARYpl 1775 iv`c AdInw byg ny isMGW dI shwieqw nwL ruhyly nUM mwirAw[ ies bdly AdInw byg ny isMGW nUM &iqhbwd dw prgxw sMBwilAw[ CyvW; isMGW ny grIb ikswnW dI jwn mwl leI ‘rwKI’ ArQwq jumyvwrI dI muihMm SurU kIqI[ so bMdw isMG bhwdr qoN ip`CoN ieh dUjI vwr sI jdoN hkUmq dy sqwey jMglW ’c BUirAW dIAW bu`klW mwrI iPrdy isMGW ny dyS dy rwj pRbMD nUM hwsl kIqw[ieh dyK bulHy Swh &kIr ny aucwrn kIqw: muglW zihr ipAwly pIqy[BUirAW vwly rwjy kIqy[ hrI isMG BMgI Aqy cVHq isMG ny rwvI pwr dw ielwkw m`l ilAw, hIrw isMG ink`eI ny cUxIAW dw, jY isMG qy j`sw isMG rwmgVIHey ny irAwVkI dw, AwhlUvwlIAw qy isMGwpurIAw imslW ny duAwbw, imsl ShIdW qy kRoV isMGIAw ny sqluj pwr dw ielwkw rwKI hyT ilAWdw[ies qoN ielwvw c`iTAW, g`KVW, rwjpUqW qy pTwxW ny vI keI ielwky sMBwly[ 19 jnvrI 1757 nUM AbdwlI ny cOQy hmly dOrwn id`lI lu`tI[ies dy lVky qymUr Swh ny ies gu`sy iv`c ik myry ipau nUM isMGW ny keI vwr lu`itAw &OzI qwkq nwL hirmMdr swihb dI byAdbI kIqI qy qwl im`tI Aqy gMd nwl pUr id`qw Aqy AMimRqsr Sihr lu`itAw[

bwbw dIp isMG dI ShIdI ‘hirmMdr soeI AwKIAY, ijQo hir jwqw’ dy mhWvwk Anuswr qYmUr vloN hirmMdr swihb Fwhux dI gwQw sux qlvMfI swbHo biTMfw (dmdmw swihb) ivKy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dy auqwry kr rhy Aqy hor Dwrimk poQIAW ilKx Aqy gurmiq iv`idAw pVHwaux dI syvw kr rhy guxI (70)

igAwnI bwbw dIp isMG dy ihrdy ’qy gihrI s`t v`jI[ijvyN imknwqIs (cuMbk) lohy nUM iK`cdw hY, dSmyS ipqw dy h`QoN AMimRq Ckx vwly bwbw dIp isMG ny hirmMdr swihb dI by-ruhmqI nw shwrdy hoey sB kMm C`f h`Q ’c KMfw pkV Aqy sIs qlI ’qy r`K 500 isMGW dw j`Qw lY Shwdq dyx leI AMimRqsr vl nUM cwly pw id`qy[rsqy iv`c rukidAW klgIDr mwhI dw sd sux hlvwhk Aqy ikrqI Gr br iqAwg Aqy hiQAwr cu`k j`Qy ’c Swml huMdy gey Aqy AwKIr igxqI 5000 dy lg pg phuMc geI[A`gy jhwn Kwn nwL twkrw ho igAw[11 nvMbr 1757 nUM gohlgVH lwgy jMg iv`c bwbw nOD isMG Aqy hor Anyk isMG ShIdIAW pw gey[ bwbw jI dy swmHxy AwieAw jhwn KW dw shwiek AqweI KW vI mwirAw igAw[bwbw jI dw vI sIs D`V qoN v`K ho igAw[pr ieh isr l`Q XoDw sIs qlI ’qy r`K ky duSmx dy AwhU lhuMdw hirmMdr swihb koL phuMc ShIdI pw igAw[ies mhwn gurU dy syvk, ivdvwn Aqy nUry sUry dy sMswr qoN cly jwx nwL is`KW dy ihrdy vlUMDVy gey Aqy roh iv`c Aw gey[ isMGW ny hor koeI cwrw nw q`k AdInw byg nUM jlMDr-duAwb dw hwkm bxwieAw[ pr ieh cMcl suBwA dw hox kr ky CyqI hI A`KW Pyr igAw[isMGW dw ByqI hox kr ky v`D nukswn krwaux l`g ipAw[ btwly lwgy AdInW ngr ies ny Awpxw mu`K d&qr bxw ilAw pr 4 mhIny dI nvwbI kr 15 sqMbr 1758 nUM mr igAw[isMGW 1758 dI idvwlI AMimRqsr ivKy sj-Dj nwl mnweI[ AbdwlI Atk pwr kr ky 1759 iv`c pMjvIN vwr Pyr ihMd ’qy cVHweI kr ky Aw igAw[ies ny id`lI lu`tI Aqy 1761 iv`c mrh`itAW nUM pwxIpq dy mYdwn iv`c krwrI hwr id`qI[jdoN durwnI &Oj ibAws nUM pwr kr rhI sI qW j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny 2200 iesqRIAW CfweIAW Aqy aunHW dy GrW ’c phuMcweIAW[ ies kwrvweI kwrn j`sw isMG ‘bMdI CoV’ dy nW nwL pRis`D ho igAw[

isMGW dw lwhOr ’qy kbzw ijauN hI AbdwlI ny Atk pwr kIqw isMGW Jnw dw ielwkw lu`t, jUn-julweI 1761 nUM Pyr pMjwb ’qy Awpxw ADkwr jmw ilAw[AbdwlI ny ieh ^br sux nUrdIn KW bwmzdI nUM pMjwb vl ByijAw[srdwr cVHq (71)

isMG ny JnW lwgy ies nUM jw roikAw Aqy AYsI BWj id`qI ik ieh mrn qoN frdw jMmU jw viVAw[ies auprMq APgwn dy KuAwjw AbId KW ny cVHq isMG au~qy cVHweI kIqI[isMGW ies nUM vI cMgy h`Q idKwey[27 AkqUbr 1761 dI dIvwlI nUM gurmqw pws kr ky nvMbr iv`c lwhOr ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM sulqwn-aul-kOm dw i^qwb dy rwj isMGwsn ’qy bYTw id`qw Aqy ‘nwnk nwm’ dw is`kw clwieAw[ bwbw dIp isMG dI Shwdq auprMq srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny jwbr SwskW ’qy mugl pTwxW nUM vMgwirAw Aqy llkwr ky soiDAw[ies ny srdwr bGyl isMG smyq dUjIAW imslW dy srdwrW nUM nwl lY duSmxW nUM jlMDr q`k D`k id`qw[qYmUr (AbdwlI dw pu`qr) Aqy jhwn Kwn AwpxIAW jwnW bcw ky n`s gey[muglW dy sYink pkV aunHW qoN AMimRqsr dw srovr jo qYmUr ny pUirAw sI, auh sw& krwieAw[is`KW v`loN isrjy sunihrI Biv`K dy rMgIn supny swkwr krn leI ieh ienklwb jwrI sI pr gdwrW dy ieh imSn kMfy vWg cu`B irhw sI[ jMifAwly dy gdwr cODrI Awkl dws dI nINd hrwm ho geI[isMGW dy lwhOr ’qy rwj krn dI g`l mwnoN ies dI CwqI ’qy idn-rwq s`p vWg mylH rhI sI[ies ny AbdwlI nUM sunyhw ByijAw ik ijs qrHW ihMd iv`c qusIN mrwiTAW nUM mwr mukwieAw hY iesy qrHW v`fI &Oj ilAw ky vYrI isMGW nUM mwr mukwau[ieh sunyhw phuMcx ’qy AbdwlI ny ihMd ’qy CyvyN hmly dI iqAwrI kr leI ijs dOrwn ‘v`fw G`lUGwrw’ vwpirAw[

v`fw G`lUGwrw lutyrw lu`t mwr kr ky kdy r`jdw nhIN Aqy nw hI Awpxw hMkwrI, ivkwrI Aqy qwnwSwhI suBwA bdldw hY[auh Awpxy mksd dI pUrqI leI bydoiSAW, grIbW Aqy kmzorW dw Gwx krn qoN vI bwj nhIN AwauNdw[ieiqhwsk q`QW muqwbk Aihmd Swh AbdwlI ny Awpxy pMjvyN hmly dOrwn pwxIpq dI qIjI lVweI (13-14 jnvrI 1761) dOrwn mrh`itAW dy dMd K`ty kr ky kyvl byQwh Dn dOlq hI nhIN lu`itAw, KUn dIAW ndIAW hI nhIN vgweIAW sgoN 50 hzwr dy krIb suMdr AOrqW ’qy lVkIAW nUM gulwm bxw ky A&gwnsqwn v`l nUM qur ipAw[AYsy ienswnW sMbMDI sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn: (72)

auh jwpx dyh ienswnI, qy rUh Azl dI auh vsdy SihrW QwnI, ij`Qy lMGdy auh ip`Cy BUq-nSwnI Koly C`f dy auh krdy in`q mihmwnI, Bu`KI mOq dI nw b`cw, ibrD, jnwnI, ijauNdy C`f dy aunHW kIqI pu`j ivrwnI, dyS pMjwb dI AYsy jbr, zulm Aqy dIn-eImwn nUM BMg huMdw dyK gurU dy is`K jr nhIN skdy qy duStW dy sMGwr leI KMfw KVkwauNdy hn[ijs smyN durwnI &Oj ibAws pwr krn l`gI qW j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey dI AgvweI iv`c isMG APgwnW ’qy tu`t pey, kuJ Kzwnw vI lu`itAw Aqy gulwm bxweIAW lVkIAW nUM Cufvw ky aunHW nUM Gro GrI pujwieAw[ lwhOr phuMcx ’qy AbdwlI nUM isMGW dI ies kwrvweI dw pqw l`igAw qW KuAwjw AbId KW nUM hwkm lwhOr qy sr bulMd KW nUM mulqwn dI hwkmI sONp ky isMGW dy nwS dw hukm kr meI 1761 nUM Awpxy mulk nUM c`l ipAw[Ajy ies ny Atk hI pwr kIqw sI ik isMGW ny ies dy dlW nUM Pyr lu`itAw[ipAwrw isMG pdm Anuswr 1761 dI dIvwlI smyN lwhOr nUM C`f swrw pMjwb isMGW dy kbjy hyT sI[AwKIr nvMbr 1761 nUM lwhOr vI Awpxy ADIn kr ky srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM ‘sulqwn-aulkOm’ dw iKqwb dy ky rwj isMGwsn ’qy ibTw id`qw[ “Kzwnw-ey-Awmrw” (1762) iv`c drz hY ik isMGW ny Awpxw is`kw clwieAw[ijs au~pr &wrsI Sbd sn: ‘is`kw jd dr jhW bPzil Akwl mulk Aihmd igRPq, j`sw klwl’[ pr gxyS dws vfyhry dI ilKq ’chwr bwg pMjwb’ drswauNdI hY ik ies smyN isMGW ny jo is`kw clwieAw aus dy au~pr ieh Sbd sn: dygo qygo Pqih E nusrq by-drMg[ XwPq Az nwnk gurU goibMd isMG[ ieh is`ky dy ieh auhI Sbd sn ijhVy bMdw isMG bhwdr dy rwj smyN vrqI jWdI mohr ’qy aukry hoey sn[ dyg dw Bwv sI r`jy hoey KulHy idl vwLy, qyg dw Bwv sI byimswl (73)

jurAiq vwly Aqy E nusrq by-drMg dw Bwv sI ibnW iksy rukwvt dy ij`q hoxI, gurU nwnk Aqy gurU goibMd isMG dI imhr sdkw hI hY[ muslmwn ilKwrI AsrwrI sm`dI ny dyg qy qyg dy ArQ ieM\ kIqy hn ik isMGW nUM dunIAW dI koeI qwkq hrw nhIN skdI, ikauNik ienHW kol dyg vI hY qy qyg vI hY[ gxyS dws jI dI ilKq TIk jwpdI hY ikauNik s`cw-su`cw, gurU dI mnOq krn vwlw, qyj-prqwpI isMG kdy vI AwpxI soBw nhIN krwauNdw auh qW hr smyN gurU nUM hI mu`K rKdw hY[ipAwrw isMG pdm vI ‘sMKyp is`K ieiqhws’ dy pMnw 101 ’qy ilKdy hn ik j`sw klwl dy nwm vwly is`ky dy l&j kuJ quA`sbI muslmwnW durwnI nUM cu`kx leI jwAlI bxw ky kwbl Byjy sn[ Asl iv`c jdoN 1761 iv`c isMGW dw swry pMjwb ’qy kbzw ho igAw qW zulm Aqy isqm dw nwc n`cx vwLy iehnW muslmwnW Aqy durwnI dy XwrW-gdwrW, jo sn qW is`KI dy Bys iv`c pr sn is`KW dy jwnI duSmx ny AbdwlI nUM Pyr pMjwb ’qy cVH ky Awaux leI aUl-jlUl g`lW ilK ky aukswieAw[iebrqnwmy dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism lwhOrI ilKdw hY ik Awkl dws (is`KW dw v`fw doKI) ny p`qr il`K ky durwnI pws G`ilAw ik myrI jwn ^qry iv`c hY Awp jldI phuMco qW ik mYN ijMdw rih skW, myry mrn ip`CoN quhwfI qwkq dw kI lwB ies vwr vYrI isMGW nUM mwr mkwauxw cwhIdw hY[ hulVbwjW, AiqAwcwrIAW, hMkwrIAW Aqy ivkwrIAW dIAW auprokq ilKqW dyK AbdwlI CyvIN vwrI 50 hzwr &Oj lY ky 1762 iv`c pMjwb ’qy cVH AwieAw[

ku`p-rhIVy dI KUnI dwsqwn AbdwlI dw pMjwb v`l nUM v`fy lSkr smyq ciVHAw AwauNdw sux mwJy duAwby dy isMG bcwau leI prvwrW smyq g`ifAW, GoiVAW, K`crW Aqy aUTW ’qy cVH mwlvy dy ielwky ku`p-rhIVy (nyVy mwlyrkotlw) koL phuMc gey[durwnI 3 PrvrI nUM lwhOroN c`l ky mwro mwro krdw Aqy lu`t mcwauNdw 5 PrvrI 1762 nUM isMGW dI 50 hzwr qoN vI v`D iek`TI hoeI vhIr dy nzdIk qVkswr hI phuMc igAw[dUjy bMinauN jYn KW hwkm (74)

srihMd qy BIKn KW nvwb mlyrkotlw vI mulKeIey smyq isMGW dI vhIr nUM Gyr ky mwr mukwaux leI cVH Awey[ies vhIr nUM jrvwixAW qoN bcwaux leI Aqy sur`iKAq QW ’qy phuMcwaux leI sMgU isMG vkIl Awlw isMG qy syKU isMG vkIl BweI bu`Fw isMG brnwly vl iljw rhy sn[[ srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw qy srdwr cVHq isMG (bwbw mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG) SsqrDwrI isMGW smyq vYrI nUM rokx leI mYdwny jMg iv`c jUJ rhy sn[isMG, isMGxIAW, b`icAW qy bu`iFAW nUM bcwaux sMbMDI rqn isMG BMgU ny isMGW v`loN ApxweI ivDI nUM ieM\ ibAwn kIqw hY[ ijm kr kukVI bicAn CupwvY[ iPlwie pMK duie qr& rKwvY[ iem Kwlsy ny bhIr CpwXo[ jo bc rhXo so AwgY lgwXo[ AbdwlI ny Awpxy vzIrW nUM ijnHW iv`c isr k`Fdw Swh vlI KW, BIKn KW, jYn KW qy dIvwn l`CmI nwrwiex sn, hukm kIqw ik koeI vI is`K A`j bc ky nw inkl jwvy[mYN ies vwr is`KW dw Kurw Koj imtwaux AwieAw hW[ies jMg iv`c PUlkIAW dI imsl nUM C`f srdwr bGyl isMG qy hor swrIAW imslW dy srdwr vhIr dI r`iKAw leI CwqIAW qwx ky lV rhy sn[BwvyN kwPI smW isMGW ny mugl &OjIAW nUM vhIr dy nyVy nw Fu`kx id`qw pr hzwrW dI igxqI ’c iglijAW ny gurmy ipMf pws isMGW dw Gyrw qoV vhIr ’qy hmlw kr id`qw[sohx isMG sIql Anuswr ienHW mwxs KwixAW ny iksy ibrD, iesqrI jW b`cy ’qy vI qrs nw kIqw[ jdoN mW mmqw dI mwrI b`cy nUM bcwaux ^wqr Gu`t ky CwqI nwL lw lYNdI, qW vYrI swmHixauN ih`k iv`c nyjw mwr ky mW-b`cy dohW nUM pwr bulw idMdw[bhuq swry b`cy auqWh auCwl ky nyjy iv`c pro id`qy[iksy grBvqI iesqrI nUM dyK ky aus dy pyt iv`c nyjw mwrdy[ ieM\ hzwrW dI igxqI iv`c b`cy, bu`Fy ’qy iesqrIAW qlvwr dy Gwt auqwry gey[kuJ kqlyAwm qoN frdy ipMf gihl iv`c jw vVy pr ipMf vwilAW ny AbdwlI qoN fridAW bUhy bMd kr ley qy iksy nUM shwrw nw id`qw sgoN h`lw kr isMGW dw smwn lu`t ilAw[ kuJ isMG isMGxIAW bwjry Awid dy su`ky muhwirAW iv`c luk gey, ijnHW nUM vYrIAW ny A`g lw ky swV id`qw[ srdwr Swm isMG vI bVI qyzI nwL bc geI vhIr dy bcwau leI phuMc igAw[ aus ny Awpxy isMGW nwL rl ky vYrI dy AwhUu lwh su`ty[ienHW dy hmly qoN fr ky jYn KW qy Swh vLI mYdwn ’coN jwnW bcw ky (75)

n`s gey[lVidAW lVidAW j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey Aqy cVHq isMG dy srIrW ’qy bhuq zKm Awey ijnHW bwry rqn isMG BMgU sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS iv`c AMikq krdy hn: j`sw isMG Kwey bweI Gwie, qo BI isMG jI lVqy jwie[ srdwr sBY j^mI Bey, swbq rhXo n koie[ cVHq isMG j^m igxy n jwie, qIr qlvwrn jo nyjy Kwie[ bcI KucI vhIr jd kuqby ipMf pws phuMcI qW aus dy smwn nUM rMGVW ny lu`itAw[ieqny nUM AbdwlI vI &Oj smyq aunHW ’qy AwsmwnI ibjlI vWg jw ifigAw[Swm nUM AbdwlI is`KW dw Gwx kr ky brnwly phuMc igAw[ieQy jYn KW qy BIKx KW ny AbdwlI dy kMn Bry ik Awlw isMG ny AMdrKwqy pihlW mrwiTAW dI m`dd kIqI Aqy ies vwr is`KW dw m`ddgwr hY, ies nUM kYdI bxwau Aqy glqI leI 5 l`K dw jurmwnw Bry[brnwLy dI lu`t-Ksu`t kr ky AbdwlI ny hukm kIqw ik Awlw isMG dw isr muMn ky myry pyS kro[ Awlw isMG nUM BvwnI gVH qoN pkV ky jdoN durwnI dy pyS kIqw qW ies ny duhweI pweI ik mYN zurmwnw Brn leI iqAwr hW pr myry kys nw k`ty jwx[ kihMdy hn ik Awlw isMG ny 5 l`K jurmwnw ByNt kIqw Aqy kys nw ktwaux bdly svw l`K hor dy ky irhweI pweI[ieh g`l is`K dy kysDwrI hox dI mhwnqw nUM drswauNdI hY[ ies G`lUGwry dOrwn qkrIbn 30 hzwr pRwxIAW dw kql hoieAw[pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS dy pMnw 351 ’qy muglW qy isMGW dI igxqI bwry ieM\ drz hY qurk Awtw, hm lUx is\wpy[ pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS dy krqw BweI rqn isMG BMgU dy ipqw BweI rwey isMG (bytw ShId BweI mqwb isMG mIrW kotIAw ijs ny hirmMdr swihb dI byAdbI kr rhy m`sy rMGV dw isr v`iFAw sI) vI ies G`lUGwry iv`c Swml sI[auh ilKdy hn: lok khYN isMG iek lK swrw, pcws bcXo AOr sB gXo mwrw[ ipqw hmwry qIs bqwey, rhy su mr AOr bc kr Awey[ ipqw cwco duie hm Qy swQ, aun qy sunI hm AwKI bwq[ ies G`lUGwry iv`c sB qoN v`fw nukswn ieh hoieAw ik BweI mnI isMG dI h`Q ilKq sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI dmdmI bIV jo isMGW pws sI auh gwieb ho geI Aqy pqw nhIN l`igAw iks dy h`Q AweI[ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn ik ieqnw jwnI nukswn hox dy bwvjUd isMG ieh (76)

AwK rhy sn ik ^wlsw G`lUGwry dI A`g iv`c pY ky Su`D kuMdn ho igAw hY[BMgU jI Anuswr ie`k inhMg isMG jo kudrqI bc igAw nyjw au~cw kr ky kih irhw sI, ‘Kot inkl igAw hY, qy hux inrol q`q ^wlsw rih igAw hY’[ iek inhMg buk qih khXo auco bcn sunwey[ q`q Kwlsy so rhXo gXo so Kot gvwey[ (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 372) ^jwnw-ie-Awimrw-ilKq gulwm AlI Awzwd iblgRwmI (1762) iv`c vI inhMg isMG dy 5 PrvrI 1762 nUM AwKy auprokq Sbd drz hn[ brnwly Sihr nUM lu`t ky AbdwlI mwrDwV krdw srihMd phuMicAw[lokweI iv`c dihl, fr Aqy hwhwkwr mcwaux leI ies dy kw&ly iv`c 50 g`ifAW ’qy isMGW isMGxIAW dy v`Fy hoey isr l`dy hoey sn[Aihmd Swh AbdwlI kih irhw sI ik mYN ies G`lUGwry iv`c AYsI szw dy cilAW hW ik keI pIVHIAW q`k ieh lok Bu`l nhIN skxgy Aqy nw hI hkUmq ivru`D au~T skxgy[pr gurU dI swjI-invwjI is`K kOm dy isMGW nUM kOx Kqm kr skdw hY? ies G`lUGwry iv`c isMGW ’qy peI v`fI mwr AbdwlI dI v`D &Oj aus kol v`fw qopKwnw Aqy isMGW dy aunHW dy bwl mwqwvW qy bjurg sn[ sohx isMG sIql ilKdy hn ik ieqnI mwr pYx dy bwvjUd isMGW dI soc sI, ‘P`t Kw ky au~To qy hwr nUM ij`q ’c bdlx leI isr DV dI bwjI lw idau’[ isMGW ny jldI hI biTMfy dy ryqly ielwky ’c iek`T kIqw Aqy srb sMmqI nwl &Yslw kIqw: krn slwhIN ^wlsy dIvwn sjw ky[ kI AbdwlI khygw kwbl ivc jw ky?

AwieAw hW dSmyS dw mYN nwm imtw ky? isMG gurU dy n`s gey rx kMf ivKw ky[ AMimRqsr dw aus ny hirmMdr Fwh ky[ AxK vMgwrI pMQ dI sl sIny lw ky[ au~To isMGo! mrd bx rx imlIey jw ky[ dwg lihx ieiqhws qoN r`q ivc nhw ky[ DMn jo jIvy sIqlw jMg lwj bcw ky[ (77)

isMG ies sMktmeI smyN iv`c vI Gbrwey nhIN[AbdwlI Ajy lwhOr iv`c hI sI ik meI 1762 iv`c isMGW srihMd ’qy hmlw kr ky doSIAW nUM dMf id`qw[17 AkqUbr 1762 nUM dIvwlI mOky 60 hzwr dy krIb ^wlsw AMimRqsr iek`Tw hoieAw[AbdwlI AYsw iek`T sux ky hYrwn sI ik ieh lok iks im`tI dy bxy hoey hn[ieqnI mwr pYx ’qy vI isr cu`k rhy hn[AwKIr ieh 12 dsMbr 1762 nUM A&gwnsqwn v`l nUM quirAw[isMGW JnW koL AbdwlI dI sYnw nUM Pyr lu`itAw[G`lUGwry dw bdlw lYx leI dsMbr 1763 iv`c mlyrkotly dy nvwb BIKn KW nUM mwirAw[14 jnvrI 1764 nUM srihMd &qih kr ky jYn KW nUM ^qm kIqw[&rvrI 1764 iv`c lwhOr ’qy hmlw kIqw ijs iv`c lwhOr dy hwkm KuAwjw AbId KW dy idvwn kwblI m`l qoN hrI isMG BMgI ny eIn mnvweI[iesy dOrwn bu`Fw dl dy isMGW ijnHW ’c BweI bGyl isMG vI Swml sI ny jmnw pwr dy gMg duAwb ’qy jw h`lw boilAw[ie`QoN dy keI SihrW ijvyN shwrnpur, dyaubMd, nzIbwbwd, muj&r ngr, murwdwbwd, Awid dy nvwb bVy AXwSI Aqy bdcln sn[ienHW D`ky nwL ihMdUAW dIAW bhUu-bytIAW Awpxy hrmW iv`c r`KIAW hoeIAW sn[ienHW SihrW dI lu`t smyN isMGW ny lVkIAW nUM CufwieAw[ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn ik cMdrw ihMdU smwj aunHW bhUu-bytIAW nUM Awpxy iv`c Swml krn leI iqAwr nhIN sI, isMGW dy dl ny aunHW lVkIAW qoN Bojn bxvw ky Awp CikAw qy swry ihMdUAW nUM CkwieAw[ i&r grIb invwj ^wlsy ny aunHW nUM ‘AwpxIAW DIAW’ AwK ky qy hzwrW rupey dy ky Gro GrI qoirAw (sMKyp is`K ieiqhws, pMnw 105)[ AbdwlI sqvIN vwr dsMbr 1764 iv`c ihMd ’qy Pyr &Oj cVHw ky lwhOr phuMicAw[isMGW gurmqw kr PYslw kIqw ik ^wlsw hrn ho jwvy Aqy AweI musIbq twl dvy[ies hmly dOrwn AbdwlI hirmMdr swihb Fwhuxw cwhuMdw sI, ij`QoN is`KI nUM bl imldw hY[

BweI gurbKS isMG Aqy isMGW dI Shwdq BweI gurbKS isMG aus smyN AMimRqsr sRI drbwr swihb ivKy sn[gurmqw pRvwn hox smyN ienHW h`Q joV AwiKAw, “swfI gurU dy duAwry ShId hox dI qIbr ie`Cw hY, ies leI aunHW isMGW au~qy pMQk gurmqw lwgU nw kro jo aunHW vWg socdy hn[” pRvwngI imlx ’qy aunHW ny ieauN vMgwr pweI: (78)

.....hY koeI isMG ies pMQ mJwrI, lwie sIs krY drgwh pukwr, so pukwr aus mMny krqwr[ BweI gurb^S isMG bVy hTI, jqI, jpI AOr qpI, ipMf lIl (AMimRqsr) dy vsnIk sn Aqy ShId BweI mnI isMG jI h`QoN aunHW AMimRqpwn kIqw sI[ienHW nwL 30 ku isMG in`qry ijnHW dy ihridAW nUM BweI swihb dI pukwr tuMb geI sI[bwkI isMG l`KI jMgl vl inkl gey[ AbdwlI nUM AMimRqsr vl vDdw sux ienHW ieSnwnpwn kr in`q nym dIAW bwxIAW pVHIAW Aqy Ssqr bsqr szw Ardwsw soD twkry leI iqAwr br iqAwr ho gey[ie`k pwsy 30 hzwr igljy Aqy dUjy pwsy gurU dy 30 ku isMG[ienHW dI Ardws dy Sbd sn: hirmMdr ky hjUr ies KV kr krI Ardws[ siqgur is`KI sMg inBY sIs kysn ky swQ[(48) iglijAW ny bcwau dw shwrw lYNidAW ienHW isMGW vl qIr clwauNxy SurU kr id`qy pr BweI gurb^S isMG ny AwiKAw, “isMGo! mUMh lukw ky nhIN snmuK ho ky lVnw hY[ieM\ BweI gurbKS isMG smyq swry isMGW ny rx iv`c jUJidAW AMq nUM srIr iqAwg id`qy[jMgnwmw jo 1765 iv`c ricAw, ilKx vwlw kwjI nUr muhMmd ies muihMm iv`c AbdwlI dw hmrkwb sI[ auh ilKdw hY ik iehnW qIs b`br SyrW dy dgdgy ichirAW au`qy nw kqlyAwm dw fr sI, nw mOq dw BYA[ ieM\ ienHW isMGW ny jugo jug At`l sRI Akwl q^q swihb jo BgqI dw somw hY Aqy sRI hirmMdr swihb jo BgqI (pIrI) dw cwnx munwrw hY Afol ho ky sUrmgqI pRwpq kIqI[aunHW dy idlW dI pukwr ieho sI: pMjwb dOlq Xwih qy is`K Kwih, d`KxI p`CmI ikm lY jwih[ bcn isMG sun gur KuS Bey, qQw Asqu siqgur bc khy[ ies qrHW ienHW isMGW ny ibrd bwxy dI lwj r`KI[dsvyN pwqSwh ny mugl rwj dIAW sPW vlytx leI ieh kwrj ^wlsy nUM nWdyV ivKy sONipAw sI[bMdw isMG bhwdr dy nwl bcn iblws smyN siqgurW PurmwieAw sI, ‘muglW dI cIr hux drgwh iv`c pwt cu`kI hY (ijn kI cIrI drgih pwtI iqnHW mrxw BweI)[

(79)

so BweI bGyl isMG vI gurW dy SbdW nUM mu`K rK id`lI Pqih krn leI qqpr rihMdw sI[jykr aunHW nUM koeI pu`Cdw ik QoVHI ijhI igxqI nwL qUM id`lI ikvyN hiQAw lvyNgw qW auh mu`KoN aucwrdw, “mYN nhIN hiQAwauxI id`lI, gurU ny hiQAw ky dyxI hY”[

(80)

AiDAwie 4 id`lI &qih krnI BweI bGyl isMG is`KI ivrsy dy AwdrS Aqy AsUl gRihx kr ky h`k, s`c, iensw& Aqy praupkwrqw leI gurU Awsry bVw lMbw smW jUJdw irhw[ies gOrvmeI Aqy AmIr ivrsy dw inSwnw ‘grIb dI r`iKAw Aqy jrvwxy dI B`iKAw’ sI[is`KI dw isDWq h`kI lVweI, Awqm ivSvwS, Afolqw dI bulMdI qy inrvYrqw nUM rUpmwn krdw hY[ies isDWq nUM mu`K r`K ky gurU dw ^wlsw hMkwrIAW, ivkwrIAW, GmMfIAW, gumwnIAW Aqy zwlmW dI suDweI leI hmySw qqpr rihMdw hY[bGyl isMG jo gurU dw nUrw, is`KI dw sUrw Aqy bcnW ’c pUrw sI dy mn iv`c id`lI ’qy &qih pw ky gurU swihbwn ny ij`Qy ikqy crn pwey, ShwdqW id`qIAW Aqy sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mihlW ny vsybw kIqw, pRqI jwxkwrI lY ky, auQy gurdAwry swihbwn auswrn leI bVI hI qIbr ie`Cw, iK`c Aqy pRym sI[pr ieh kwrj koeI sOKw nhIN sI, ikauNik id`lI mugl rwj dI rwjDwnI sI[aus smyN ihMdusqwn AMdr cwry pwsy muglW dw bol bwLw sI Aqy auh bVI v`fI &Oj dy mwlk sn[ hr koeI hkUmq dw p`KI Aqy m`ddgwr sI[gurbwxI dy bol hn: ijs hI kI isrkwr hY iqs hI kw sBu koie[(27) hor qW hor Awpxw kMm k`Fx leI bMdw supny vI smyN dI srkwr dy hI lYNdw hY: ijs kw rwju iqsY kw supnw](179) dUjy pwsy isMGW dI igxqI Awty ’c lUx brwbr sI[auh Gr Gwt qoN vWJy sn Aqy p`qw p`qw aunHW dw vYrI sI[pr gurU ikRpw sdkw auh Swsqr Aqy Ssqr dy pujwrI sn[dunIAW AMdr ieh dovyN qwkqW bVIAW blvwn hn[Dwrimk Swsqr dw igAwn Drm iv`c prp`k, r`bI pRym Aqy Awqmk bl pYdw krn dw mhwn somw hY jd ik Ssqr rKvwlI Aqy rwj Bwg dI pRwpqI leI shweI huMdy hn[gurU swihb ny isMGW nUM ieh is`iKAw id`qI sI[isMGo!

(81)

‘SsqRn ky ADIn hY rwj jo nw kryy ienkI pRiqpwln, iqn ky ibgry s`By kwj[

aunHW kysW ’qy SsqrW dI mhwnqw drswauNdy ieQoN q`k kih id`qw: ibnw kys SsqRM nrM Byf jwxo[ghy kwn qW ko khIN ly isDwno[ ieho mor AwigAw suno ly ipAwry[ibnw kys SsqRM dyhuM nw iddwry[

id`lI ’qy pihlw hmlw srdwr bGyl isMG &Oj smyq gMgw, duAwb lMG jnvrI dy SurU ’c jdoN kVwky dI TMF pY rhI sI, id`lI kol jw phuMicAw, pr muglW dy SwhI drbwr AMdr ies nUM rokx dw hOslw nw ipAw[mugl &Oj mukwbly ’qy nw Awaux kwrn is`K &Oj id`lI AMdr dwKl ho geI[18 jnvrI 1774 nUM is`KW ny A`DI rwq q`k SwDrw ’c bVI lu`t-mwr kIqI[ienHW muglW dy kihMdy khwauNdy 50 bMdy vI Awpxy kwbU kr ley[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw ilKdy hn ik ausy rwq dwA qkw ky vjIrwbwd ipMf dy gu`jrW ny vI keI ielwikAW ’c AmIrW pwsoN kwPI Dn lu`itAw[jdoN bwdSwh nUM ies AnHyr grdI dI ^br imlI qW aus ny is`KW nUM bulwieAw Aqy AwiKAw ik myrI m`dd kro[ies ny 10 hjwr GoVy, Swhbwjpur dw ielwkw Aqy bGyl isMG nUM kImqI iK`lq vI ByNt krn dI g`l AwKI, pr Abdu`l Aihd KW mjId-aud-dOlw dy AYn aus smyN phuMcx kr ky ieh qjvIz isry nw cVHI[ Abdu`l Aihd KW cMgI SKSIAq dw mwlk sI, suBwA dw suSIl, dUijAW nUM g`lW bwqW ’c mMqR mug`D krn vwlw, im`T-bolVw Aqy AfMbrI sI, pr is`KW ny aus vKq koeI D`kw nhIN kIqw Aqy nw hI iksy lwlc iv`c Aw ky kuJ pRwpq hI kIqw[ieh id`lI C`f ky ies dy Awly-duAwLy hI mwrW mwrdy rhy[id`lI dy bwdSwh ny kIqI ies m`dd bdly Abdu`l Aihd KW nUM srihMd dw &Ojdwr lgw id`qw Aqy smrU nW dy ivAkqI nUM ies dw ifptI (shwiek) QwipAw[ieh sB kuJ bwdSwh ny is`KW qoN bcwA leI kIqw[ AkqUbr 1774 iv`c Abd`ul Aihd KW ny is`KW nUM ie`k vwr Pyr Brmwaux dw Xqn kIqw[g`l bwq dOrwn ies ny rwey isMG bhwdr, bwG isMG bhwdr, dulcw isMG bhwdr Aqy suMdr isMG bhwdr nUM p`qr (82)

iliKAw ik AsIN quhwnUM swmrwj dI &Oj iv`c BrqI krn nUM iqAwr hW[hr ie`k srdwr ADIn ie`k hzwr GoV svwr Aqy 500 pYdl sYink hoxgy[hr GoV svwr nUM 30 rupey Aqy pYdl nUM 5 rupey mhInw qnKwh dyvWgy[ies dI ieh cwl is`KW ’c vMfIAW pw ky aunHW dI SkqI nUM kmzor krn vwlI sI[pr gurU dy is`KW ny koeI lwlc nw kIqw Aqy aus dy Bylsy ’c nhIN Awey[is`KW nUM id`lI ’c vVn qoN rokx leI id`lI pqI ny AvD dy rwjy qoN vI m`dd mMgI pr auh kmzor idl hox kr ky shwieqw leI A`gy nw AwieAw[is`K &Oz SwhjhWbwd dy nyVy hI GuMmdI iPrdI sI[ is`K &OzW dI ivroDqw dw AMdwzw qW pMjwb dy pRis`D kvI s`Xd vwrS Swh dy rcy ik`sy ‘hIr rWJy’ qoN vI pwTk jn lgw skdy hn[auh is`KW dI ienklwbI jmwq nUM ‘BUq mMflI’ AwKdw hY: ATwrW sY bweIsIAw sMmqW dw rwjy ibkrmjIq dy swl hoeI[ qdoN dyS dy j`t srdwr Awhy, Gro GrI jw nvIN srkwr hoeI[ ipAw mulk dy iv`c sI bVw rOlw, hr iksy dy h`Q qlvwr hoeI[ AsrwP, Krwb, kmIx, qwzI, izmIdwr nUM v`fI bhwr hoeI[ cor, cODrI, Xwr ny pwk dwmn, BUq mMflI ie`k dU cwr hoeI[ ijs vwrsSwh ny pMjwb dIAW DIAW nUM muglW dy cu`kx Aqy gulwm bxwaux ip`CoN rox kurlwaux sMbMDI AwpxI kivqw iv`c fwFy vYx pwey, ijs ny lhU dI BrI Jnwb dI g`l kIqI, ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn ik auh muglW qoN DIAW Cfwaux vwilAW nUM ‘BUq mMflI’ ilKdw hY, sgoN auh qW mulk nUM icrW qoN icMbVy BUqW qoN KihVw Cufw rhy sn[auh qW ienHW nUM dyS ’coN k`F ky lokW nUM suqMqrqw dy gwfI rwh ’qy pw rhy sI[

id`lI ’qy dUjw hmlw srdwr bGyl isMG ny 1775 eIsvI iv`c id`lI ’qy dUjI vwr cVHweI kIqI[Abd`ul Aihd KW Aqy isMGW iv`c SWqI r`Kx leI c`l rhI g`l bwq tu`t cu`kI sI[is`K &Oz krnwl kol ie`kTI hoeI bYTI sI[ies &Oz nUM rwey isMG BMgI, qwrw isMG gYbw f`lyvwlIAw Aqy bGyl isMG kRoVisMGIAw dI ihPwzq hyT iqMn BwgW ’c j`QybMd kr id`qw igAw sI[ienHW 22 ApRYl 1775 nUM jmnw pwr kIqI[isAwsq dy rMg dyKo id`lI dy bwdSwh dw Kws Xwr Aqy idldwr Abd`ul Aihmd KW ny ies dy vzIr nzw& KW (83)

nUM Kqm krn leI jwbIqw KW nUM bulwieAw qy aus nUM slwh id`qI ik qUM A&gwnW nUM ie`kTw kr ky nzwP KW dw kMfw k`F dy[ pr ies ny g`l nw mMnI[jwbIqw KW id`lI dy bwdSwh dI &Oj iv`c Swml ho igAw[pr ijauN hI ies ny suixAw ik isMG kMjpurw vloN id`lI ’qy cVH ky Aw rhy hn qW ieh fr ky mIAW BweI Kwn dI gVHI iv`c jw luikAw[ aus smyN isMGW dw dbdbw, fr Aqy DWk muglW ’qy AYsI sI ik Agr 50 isMGW dw jQw ikqy jw irhw huMdw sI qW 500 muglW dw aunHW au~qy hmlw krn leI ihAW nhIN sI pYNdw[ies vyly isMG jmnw qoN lY ky isMD B`Kr q`k Aqy d`Kx vl mulqwn qoN lY ky au`qr dIAW iSvwlk phwVIAW q`k Cwey hoey sn[ (ipAwrw isMG pdm) ies qrHW isMGW dI qlvwr ny ihMd dI srh`d nUM ctwn vWg mzbUq bxw id`qw sI[AMgryz jnrl bwrkr (General Barker) ny srdwr JMfw isMG BMgI nUM 19 Agsq 1771 dy idn ilKy p`qr iv`c ieh Kws Sbd ilKy: It is clear that as long as the khalisah is on the watch, no one can match upon Hindostan unoposed.

Bwv ieh sw& idKweI ieMdw hY ik ijqnw icr ^wlsw srh`d dI rwKI kr irhw hY, koeI vI ihMdusqwn vl cVH ky Awaux vwlw ibnw mukwbly nhIN muV skdw[ rwey isMG BMgU Aqy qwrw isMG gYbw dy j`Qy keI idn id`lI dy AwlyduAwly dy ielwikAW iv`c muglW nwL iBVdy rhy Aqy AwKIr nUM zwbIqw KW dy ielwky gONsgVH phuMc gey[ieQy zwbIqw KW ny isMGW dI Srn leI Aqy aunHW dI m`dd leI d`KxI id`lI vl nUM nwL igAw[30 ApRYl 1775 dw ie`k p`qr ibAwn krdw hY ik jwbIqw KW dI AgvweI iv`c is`K id`lI dy nyVy h`lw-gu`lw mcw rhy hn[jmnw dy dUjy pwsy mrh`ty nvwb Aws&aud-dOlw leI prySwnI dw kwrn bxy hoey hn[ 15 julweI 1775 nUM bGyl isMG dI kmWf hyT isMG id`lI ’c dwKl ho gey[ienHW phwVgMj Aqy jY isMG purw dw ielwkw swV id`qw[mugl &OjW ny QoVHw ijhw mukwblw kIqw Aqy dohW iDrW dy 60 dy krIb POjI mwry gey[dUjy pwsy jwbIqw KW &Oz lY d`KxI id`lI ’c Gus igAw pr nwjIb KW qoN hwr igAw ijs kwrn isMGW nUM id`lI iqAwgxI peI[ (84)

id`lI q^q dI pitAwly vl cVHweI njwP KW ny Brqpur Aqy Alvr dy rwizAW dI qwkq nSt kr id`qI sI[mrwTy AMgryzW nwL jUJ rhy sn, AihmdSwh AbdwlI mr cu`ikAw sI Aqy ausdw pu`q qYmUr Swh AOkVW ’c PisAw hoieAw sI[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw dy kQn Anuswr 1779 iv`c ihMdusqwn AMdr is`KW dI cVHq dw fMkw v`j irhw sI[ is`K srdwrW ny kYQl dy rwjw BweI dysU isMG dy dUq nwL imL ky sqluj, lwhOr Aqy mulqwn ij`qx dI slwh kIqI[Abdu`l Aihd KW (mjd-aud-dOlw) ny vI is`KW dI bxweI Xojnw svIkwr kIqI[pr pitAwly dw rwjw Amr isMG, ijs dy idl iv`c Kot sI Aqy is`K srdwrW dw hmySw ivroD krdw sI ny Abd`ul Aihd KW nUM ic`TI ilK ByjI ik AwpW imL ky iehnW srdwrW dw mlIAw-myt kr dyeIey[Asl iv`c Awlw isMG dw kbIlw rwj-pRwpqI dw Bu`Kw sI Aqy hY vI[ Abd`ul Aihd KW 18 jUn 1779 nUM 50 hzwr sYink Aqy 200 qopW lY pitAwly vl c`ilAw[ies dy nwL sihzwdw imrjw jhwn Swh PrKuMdw b^q (AilAws PrKuMdw AKqwr) vI sI[qkrIbn 29 julweI nUM ieh pwxIpq dy lwgy A`pV gey[ krnwl ivKy Abdu`l Aihd ny bGyl isMG, dIvwn isMG, krm isMG Aqy swihb isMG Kodw nwL myl kIqw, BwvyN sihzwdw is`KW nwL imlwp qoN nwKuS sI[krnwl dy mMny-pRmMny ijmINdwr gjpq isMG dy id`lI pqI nwl cMgy sMbMD hox kr ky sihzwdw ies dy mihl ’c TihirAw[ srdwr bGyl isMG bVw cqr Aqy skImI sI[ gjpq isMG ies nwL Kwr KWdw sI[bGyl isMG ny Abdu`l Aihd nUM ikhw ik jy qUM Awpxw Blw cwhuMdw hY qW gjpq isMG nUM kYdI bxw lY Aqy aus qoN nzrwnw augrwh[nvwb ny bGyl isMG dI g`l mMn gjpq isMG nUM kYdI bxw ilAw Aqy Cu`tx leI do l`K rupey mMgy[ qihmws KW imskIn jo ies muihMm ’c Swml sI ilKdw hY, id`lI drbwr vloN gjpq isMG krnwl ijlHy dw rwj pRbMD ip`Cly 20 swlW qoN sMBwl irhw sI[ Swhjwdy PrKuMdw bKq dy kihx qy gjpq isMG Abd`ul Aihd dw mu`K ivSvws pwqr bx igAw Aqy hr kMm iv`c ie`ko ie`k slwhkwr sI[....ieh A`gy ilKdw hY ik BwvyN Abdu`l bhuq hI isAwxw, qzrbykwr, swihq Aqy ieiqhws dw jwxkwr sI pr is`K srdwrW dy (85)

D`ky cVH ky ieh AwpxI dUr idRStI vwlI qIKx bu`DI guAw bYTw sI[ies kwrn ieh Awpxy hmilAW iv`c kwmXwb nhIN ho sikAw[ Abd`ul Aihd vrKw ru`q ^qm hox ’qy 9 sqMbr nUM krnwl qoN c`ilAw[ies ny bGyl isMG nUM AwiKAw ik kYQl dy rwjy dysU isMG nUM mYnUM imlwau ikauNik Amr isMG aus nUM qMg kr irhw hY[dysU isMG nvwb nUM Qwnysr ivKy imilAw Aqy kuJ njwr vI ByNt kIqI[ies bdly nvwb ny aus nUM iK`lq id`qI[pr nvwb ny dysU isMG qoN 3 l`K rupey nzwr leI, Aqy AwpxI pkV ’coN irhw kIqw[ 7 AkqUbr 1779 nUM Abdu`l Aqy PrKuMdw bKq ny svyr v^q hI pitAwly ’qy jw h`lw boilAw[dohW iDrW dirimAwn gihg`f lVweI hoeI[iqMn idnW dI lVweI auprMq vI frwkl nvwb pitAwly dy iklHy ’qy Awpxw kbzw nw jmw sikAw[id`lI qoN cVHI &Oj q`k mhwrwjw pitAwlw ny AwpxI m`dd leI j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM ieh kih ky bulw ilAw ik mYN quhwfy GoV-svwr nUM ie`k rupeIAw pRqI idn qnKwh dyvWgw[ srdwr j`sw isMG hor srdwrW nUM nwl lY ky v`fI igxqI iv`c s`dy Anuswr phuMc igAw[ieqny nUM Abdu`l Aihd nUM ^br imLI ik do l`K dy krIb is`K Amr isMG dI m`dd ’qy phuMc cu`ky hn qW ies ny aus smyN srdwr bGyl isMG nwL slwh mSvrw kIqw ik hux mYN kI krW[ bGyl isMG A`q drjy dw nIqIvwn nwiek sI[auh au~proN au~proN BwvyN nvwb dy nwL sI pr idloN nhIN sI cwhuMdw mYN muglW qoN Amr isMG dI ip`T luAw dyvW[srdwr ny nvwb nUM ikhw, “j`sw isMG AhlUvwlIAw do l`K &Oj lY ky mwlyrkotly pws bYTw hY[qyry leI hux ieh hI TIk hY ik qUM vwps id`lI cilAw jwvyN[bGyl isMG ny ieh suJwA vI id`qw ik qUM Awpxy bcwA leI mwJy dy isMGW dI mu`TI grm kr qW qYnUM auh id`lI jwx leI rsqw dyxgy[” nvwb bVI Gbrwht iv`c sI[mrdw kI nhIN krdw[ies ny 3 l`K rupey jo dysU isMG kYQl vwly qoN nzwr dy qOr ’qy ley sn auh srdwr bGyl isMG nUM dy id`qy[bGyl isMG ny ies rwSI iv`coN 10 hzwr rupey srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM id`qy, 5 hzwr qwrw isMG gYbw nUM Aqy 7 hzwr jY isMG knHIAw nUM dy id`qy Aqy bwkI Awp r`K ley[(fwktr hrI rwm gupqw, ihstrI Aw& dI isKm Bwg III, 1980, pMnw 117)[ (86)

PrvrI 1783 iv`c id`lI ’qy hmlw krn dI BweI bGyl isMG ny Xojnw bxweI[srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey ny BweI swihb dw pUrn swQ id`qw[^wlsy dy mnW AMdr id`lI ’qy &qih pwauxI hr smyN vsI rihMdI sI[id`lI dI muglIAw hkUmq hmySw is`KI dw ivroD krdI sI[bwbr ikAW dIAW is`KW au`pr in`q kIqIAW jw rhIAW DWdlIAW, AprwDW, KunwmIAW, zbrW Awid pRqI ^wlsy dw BWfw pUrI qrHW Br cu`kw sI[id`lI dy q^q qy &qih pwauxI BwvyN bVw v`fw ksOtI BirAw kdm sI[BweI bGyl isMG pihlW id`lI ’qy kIqy hmilAW ’c cwhy kwmXwb nhIN sI ho sikAw pr aus ny hOslw nhIN sI hwirAw[auh qW gurU klgIDr dSmyS ipqw dy bcnW ’qy tyk r`KI bYTw sI: ien gRIb isKXn ko dXYN pwqSwhI[ Xwh Xwd rKYN hmrI guirAweI[ (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS, BMgU) ijn kI jwq vrx kul mwhIN[ srdwrI nihN BeI kdwhIN[ ien hI ko srdwr bnwaUN[qbY goibMd isMG nwm sdwaUN[ bMdy dy jIvn AMdr ij`q-hwr huMdI rihMdI hY pr idl vwly ienswn kdy hwr nUM hwr nhIN mMndy ijvyN kvI hrIbMs rwey bcn dy bol hn: koiSS krn vwly kI kBI hwr nhIN hoqI[ lihroN sy fr kr kBI nOkw pwr nhIN hoqI[ nMnI cItI jb dwnw lykr clqI hY, cVHqI hY dIvwroN pr sO vwr iPslqI hY[ mn kw ivSvwS rgoN myN swhs Brqw hY, cVH kr igrnw, igr kr cVHnw nw A`Krqw hY AwiKr aus kI imhnq bykwr nhIN hoqI[ koiSS krn vwly kI kBI hwr nhIN hoqI[ inrsMdyh id`lI ’qy &qih pwaux leI BweI bGyl isMG lgwqwr jUJ irhw sI pr pRBU dI klw qoN vgYr sUrw kuJ vI pRwpq nhIN kr skdw jYsy: Aiq sUrw jy koaU khwvY[pRB kI klw ibnw kih DwvY[(282) jdoN pRBU imhr kr idMdw hY qW: AYsI lwl quJ ibn kvn krY] gRIb invwj gusweIAw myrw mwQY CqR DrY[ (87)

id`lI Sihr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny mugl bwdSwh AOrMgzyb nUM j&rnwmy dI dUjI ihkwXq iv`c id`lI Sihr vswaux dw vrnx kIqw sI[aunHW drswieAw ik ie`k mwnDwqw nwmI rwjw sI[ ijs dy cwr pu`qr sn[aumr v`fI huMdI dyK aus ny A`gy rwj Bwg sMBwlx leI Awpxy vzIrW nwl AklmMd pu`qr dI cox leI slwh mSvrw kIqw[ies ip`CoN rwjy ny vzIrW dI sBw bulweI Aqy ies iv`c Awpxy cwry pu`qrW nUM zrI nwl jVIAW sunihrI kursIAW ’qy bYTwieAw[vjIrW dI drsweI ivauNq ’qy Aml kridAW pihly pu`qr nUM 10 hzwr hwQI sony dIAW jMjIrW nwL jVy hoey kuJ ielwikAW smyq id`qy[dUjy nUM 5 l`K GoVy zrI dIAW kwTIAW vwly qy qIjy nUM ie`k l`K aUT ielwikAW smyq rwj Bwg vDwaux leI id`qy[cOQy nUM ijs dw nW dlIp sI ie`k mUMgI dw dwxw qy A`Dw CoilAW dw dwxw Aqy kuJ ielwkw id`qw[pr dlIp ny soc ivcwr ky ikhw ik mYnUM CoilAW dy A`Dy dwxy dI bjwey aus dy Bwr dw ie`k pUrw dwxw dy idau[ ds swl ip`CoN jd prK hoeI qW mwnDwqw ny vzIrW nUM AwiKAw ik mYnUM auh kwgz ’qy ilKI ilKq idKwau ik ienHW puqrW nUM kI kuJ id`qw sI[auh ilKq pVH mwnDwqw ny v`fy lVky nUM pu`iCAw ik pu`qr A`j qoN 10 swl pihlW qYnUM hzwrW hwQI id`qy sn hux qyry pws kI hY? aus ny au~qr id`qw, ipqw jI bhuq swry hwQI jMgW ’c mwry gey Aqy kuJ dwn kr id`qy[dUjy Aqy qIjy pu`qr ny vI id`qy GoiVAW Aqy aUTW sMbMDI AYsw hI au~qr id`qw[cOQy pu`qr dlIp isMG qoN id`qy dwixAW Aqy ielwikAW bwry svwl kIqw qW aus AwiKAw, “ipqw jI! mYN CoilAW Aqy mUMgI dy dwxy bIjy, KyqI kIqI Aqy swlW b`DI kmweI kr ky 5 l`K GoVy, iqMn l`K aUT jo bhuq hI suMdr hn KRIdy Aqy hor Dn dOlq vI bxweI hY[ gurU swihb ny j&rnwmy AMdr dlIp isMG dI cMgI nyk Aqy imhnq BrpUr kwrvweI nUM ieM\ ibAwinAW: vjW dwl nau Shr Awzm bubsq] ik nwmy AzW Sihr idhlI Sud Asq](òö) Bwv dlIp isMG ny CoilAW ijs dI dwl bxdI hY dy dwxy qoN id`lI Sihr vswieAw hY[ (ijs jgHw dw AY AOrMgzyb qUM bwdSwh hYN)[ (88)

idgr dwnh r bsq mUMgI ptn] co dosqW psMd Asqu dSmn i&kn](ò÷) Bwv mUMgI dy dwxy qoN mUMg ptn (ptnw) Sihr vswieAw ijhVw sB im`qrW nUM psMd hY Aqy (AOrMgzyb BwvyN qYnUM auh ptnw psMd nhIN) ij`Qy swfw jnm hoieAw hY[ KuS Awmd b qdbIr mwno mhIp] iKqwbS b do dwd rwjh mhIp](50) Bwv dlIp dI Akl qy jugqI dyK mwnDwqw rwjw ny aus nUM qKq dw qwj dy id`qw Aqy Awp sMswrI bMDnW qoN auprwm ho pRBU dI BgqI krn leI mihl mwVIAW C`f jMglW ’c cilAw igAw[ ieM\ siqgurW ny AOrMgzyb bwdSwh nUM kMn krn leI smJwieAw ik ijs id`lI dy qKq dw qUM mwlk hYN auh dlIp dy nyk kwrnwimAW, imhnq qy muSkl nwL ieh Sihr hoNd iv`c AwieAw sI[pr qUM bu`Fw ho igAw hYN Aqy Ajy vI JUT, &ryb, dgw, hMkwr, ivkwr Aqy pwp krno nhIN tldw[mwlk dI drgwh ’c qYnUM ieh swrw ihswb ikqwb dyxw pYxw hY[ bwbr qoN lY ky ijqny mugl bwdSwh id`lI dy q^q ’qy bYTy sB ny ihMdUAW Aqy is`KW dw Gwx kIqw[auprMq AMgryzW ny vI G`t nhIN kIqI[dyS dI AwzwdI leI bVw KUn fuilHAw[duK dI g`l AwzwdI auprMq vI ijqnIAW srkwrW hux q`k id`lI dy q^q ’qy kwbz rhIAW sB ny is`KW nUM kIqI kurbwnI dw h`k Aqy ienswP qW kI dyxw sI sgoN is`KW nUM Kqm krn leI hI Xqn kIqy qy kr rhIAW hn[ieh AikRqGxqw dI v`fI imswl hY[is`KW ny dyS dI AwzwdI leI 93 pRqISq kurbwnIAW id`qIAW[sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI ny ihMdU Drm bcwaux leI Awpxw sIs ihMdU Drm dI rwKI leI id`lI jw ky ktvw id`qw[lVweI aus vKq vI s`c qy JUT dI sI Aqy A`j vI jwrI hY[ smyN dIAW srkwrW ny is`K pMQ dy mhwn ShIdW dIAW id`qIAW kurbwnIAW vwlIAW QwvW ’qy msIqW bxw id`qIAW sn qW ik Awaux vwlIAW nslW nUM ienHW bwry koeI igAwn nw hovy[pr gurU SkqI bVI mhwn hY, gurU joq hmySw leI Amr hY, gurU s`cy-su`cy is`K dy sdw AMgsMg rihMdw hY, auh is`K qoN Drm dw kMm krwaux leI aus dy mn AMdr (89)

idRVqw vwlI soc pYdw kr idMdw hY Aqy bl bKS ky ij`q dy fMky bjvw idMdw hY[gurbwxI dy mhW bol hn: mnu bycY siqgur kY pwis]iqsu syvk ky kwrj rwis[(286)

id`lI dy nwiebW ivckwr JgVw id`lI dy bwdSwh ny is`KW nwL 1781 iv`c ie`k smJOqy dOrwn jmnw dy p`Cm pwsy aunHW dI hkUmq dI g`l pRvwn kr leI pr bwdSwh dy vzIr njw& KW ny kMjpury koL Awpxy BqIjy imrzw muhMmd swPI KW nUM is`KW ’qy A`K r`Kx leI &Oj dy ky ibTw id`qw[is`KW ny ies nUM psMd nw kIqw Aqy id`lI ’qy hmlw krn leI iqAwrI kr leI[AwpxI m`dd leI ienHW jY isMG knHeIAw ny SwPI nUM 10 hzwr &Oj dy ky isMGW ’qy hmlw krn leI ByijAw[pr 6 ApRYl 1682 nUM ieh mr igAw[ieh mugl hkUmq dw AwKrI AmIr vzIr sI[ njwP KW dI mOq auprMq qwkq hwsl krn leI cwr jixAW (A&risAwb KW, nzwP kulI KW, imrjw muhMmd swPI KW Aqy muhMmd byg hmQwnI) iv`ckwr KUn folHvIN jMg iCV geI[ AwKIr ApRYl 1782 qoN nvMbr q`k mhwdjI isMDIAw id`lI dw ifktytr bixAw irhw[ies dy smyN vI KUnI lVweI bMd nw hoeI[ mugl &Oj kmzor huMdI geI Aqy is`KW leI ieh g`l bVI shwiek bxI[is`K &OjW ny mOkw qwV ky id`lI qoN hrdvwr q`k dw ielwkw lu`itAw[id`lI dw sbzI mMfI, prqwpgMj Aqy d`Kx vl Kujrw q`k AwpxI lpyt ’c lY ilAw[sr jwdUnwQ ilKdy hn ik is`KW dI ies qwkq nUM Q`mHx leI id`lI srkwr As&l rhI[

bGyl isMG dw gMgw duAwb Aqy gVHvwl ’qy kbzw jnvrI 1783 iv`c bGyl isMG ny AnUp Sihr, bulMd Sihr dy ielwky sr kr ley[ieh ruhylKMf v`l vDxw cwhuMdw sI pr AvD dy nvwb dIAW &OjW Aqy AMgRyz krnl nufsn (Knudson) dI &Oj auQy phuMcx kwrn A`gy v`Dx dw ierwdw iqAwg id`qw[jI. Awr. ivlIAm, klk`qw rivaU 1875, pMnw 39 ’qy drz krdw hY ik is`K &Oz iSvwlk ihlz v`l iksy rok tok dy vDI Aqy gVHvwl dy ielwky fyhrwdUn phuMc (90)

geI[ gVHvwl dy rwjy ny is`KW dI eIn mMn 4000 rupey swlwnw dyxw pRvwn kr ilAw[aus smyN ieh rkm bVI v`fI sI[ AMgryz ilKwrI Porstr ilKdw hY ik gVHvwl dy rwjy ny do is`K GoV svwrW jo ieh Dn lYx phuMcy dw rwj kumwrW vWg siqkwr kIqw Aqy auh nzwrw ieqnw AdBu`q sI ik myrw idl is`K bxn nUM kIqw[ hor qW hor nwhn dw rwjw Awpxy Awp nUM bVw SkqISwlI khwauNdw sI aus ny vI isMGW dy A`gy gofy tyk id`qy Aqy iKrwz (nzrwnw) dyxw kbUl kr ilAw[ BweI bGyl isMG hoxW ny jwx ilAw ik hux mugl SkqI hIxI, mIxI Aqy nqwxI ho cu`kI hY[ies dw hwl hux buJ rhy dIvy vWg hY Aqy au`qrI Bwrq dy ielwky iv`c aus smyN icrW qoN bwrSW nw hox kr ky kwL vrgI hwlq bxI hoeI hY[BweI bGyl isMG Aqy j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw 60 hzwr &Oj lY ky id`lI pwr kr gwjIAwbwd phuMc gey[ienHW bulMd Sihr, Kujrw, id`lI dI dwxw mMfI Aqy iGau mMfI nUM burI qrHW lu`itAw Aqy qihS-nihS kIqw[igAwnI igAwn isMG Anuswr auQoN dy lok Gr bwr C`f ky jwnW bcw dOV gey[is`KW ny AmIrW nUM pkV ky bMnH ilAw[ auprMq cwdr DrqI ’qy ib`Cw ky hukm kIqw ik jo quhwfy pws Dn hY aus dw dsvW ih`sw gurU dy nW ’qy pwau[hrI rwm gupqw muqwbk ie`k l`K dy krIb ie`kTy hoey Aqy isMGW ny ieh swrI mwieAw hirmMdr swihb AMimRqsr Byj id`qI[iPr ienHW PrUKwbwd, iSkohwbwd Aqy Awgrw lu`itAw Aqy h`Q AwieAw kImqI mwl 20 hzwr &Oj smyq pMjwb nUM Byj id`qw[

id`lI lu`txI Aqy lwl iklHy v`l cVHweI BweI bGyl isMG dI kmWf hyT 40 hzwr ^wlsw &Oj ny jmnw dy brwVI Gwt ’qy jw fyrw lwieAw[9 mwrc 1783 nUM mlkw gMj Aqy sbzI mMfI ’qy h`lw bol ienHW ielwikAW AMdr qbwhI mcw id`qI[ Sihzwdw imrjw iSkoh ny mihqwbpur ivKy isMGW nUM vMgwirAw Aqy twkrw kIqw pr auh burI qrHW iSksq Kw igAw[isMG pwxI dy hVH vWg A`gy vDy[Pzl AlI KW ny vI ienHW nUM rokx dI koiSS kIqI pr ieh AjmyrI gyt dy ielwky ’c jw phuMcy[isMG ij`Dr vI jWdy bwjW dI inAweIN mugl sYnw ’qy jw Jptdy sn[ieh hwlq q`k Abdu`l Aihd KW ny 10 mwrc nUM Sihr dy juAwn &Oj iv`c BrqI krn leI FMforw iPrvwieAw[pr Sihr dy (91)

lok fr ky lwl iklHy ’c jw vVy[Swh ny imrjw SwPI Aqy aus dy Brw jYn-aul-AbIdIn nUM ie`ky dm id`lI phuMcx leI AwiKAw qWik is`KW dy BY-BIq krn vwly dbky nUM roikAw jw sky[hkUmq ny bygm smrU nUM vI id`lI bulw ilAw qW ik is`KW nwL g`lbwq kIqI jw sky[ ieh bygm smrU ijs dw AslI nW jYb-aun-inSw sI Arb dy muslmwn AswD KW dI DI sI[ieh 1753 iv`c jnmI sI Aqy rynhwrf nwl ivAwhI geI sI[ ijs nUM smrU kr ky hI blWauNdy sn ikauNik ies dw pqI smrU jrmn dw swhsI sUrmw sI[njwP KW ny ies nUM srDwnw ielwky dI jwgIr sMBwlI hoeI sI[pr 1778 iv`c ies dI mOq hox ip`CoN jYb-aun-inSw (smrU) ny jwgIr sMBwlI Aqy ies pws pMj btwlIAnW dI ipAwdw &Oz sI ijs iv`c 300 dy krIb AMgryz A&sr sn[ieh btwlIAnW 40 qopKwny Aqy qopcIAW nwl lYs sn[ 1781 iv`c bygm ny romn kYQoilk Drm Awpxw ilAw sI Aqy Awpxw nW johwnw r`iKAw[ieh mn kr ky bVI dlyr, swhsI Aqy jWbwz sI[ieh Awpxy isr ’qy hmySw AMgUrI rMg dI dsqwr pihndI sI[muglW dI ies nUM pUrI ihmwieq sI[ ikauNik aunHW ny ies nUM srdwny dI jwgIr prdwn kIqI hoeI sI[id`lI dw bwdSwh Awlm KW ies nUM AwpxI DI AwKdw sI[g`l kI muglW ny is`KW nUM id`lI ’coN bwhr Dkylx leI hr FMg vriqAw[BwvyN gurU dy isMG ies dI SKsIAq qoN vI vwkP sn pr auh id`lI &qih krn leI pUrw qwx lw rhy sn[aunHW ies smyN nw mugl, nw mrwiTAW, nw AMgryjW, nw smrU Awid dI pRvwh kIqI[BwvyN rx q`qy ’c jUJidAW jwnI Aqy mwlI nukswn ho irhw sI pr gurU dw ^wlsw srdwr bGyl isMG dI AgvweI hyT ‘boly so inhwl siq sRI Akwl’ dy jYkwry gjwauNdy lwl iklHy v`l bVI qyjI nwl v`D irhw sI[ 10 mwrc 1783 nUM Swh Awlm dUjy ny srdwr bGyl isMG nUM smJOqy leI bolwieAw pr srdwr ny nWh kr id`qI[auh smJdw sI ik hwrnw pwp nhIN pr hwr mMn lYxW jW ij`q ky inSwny ’qy phuMc ky ip`Cy htxw pwp hY, kmIngI hY Aqy kmidlI hY[

lwl iklHy ’c dwKlw isMGW ny lu`t-Ksu`t dw mwl qW mMjU dy it`ly ’qy sKq pihry hyT itkw id`qw[hux lwl iklHy AMdr dwKly dI ivauNq bxwaux l`gy[ieh iklHw jmnw dy iknwry purwxI id`lI, cWdnI cONk dy kol Swh jhwn ny 1639 (92)

iv`c bxvwieAw sI[ieh 250 eykV rkby iv`c bixAw hoieAw hY Aqy ies dI iqAwrI leI 9 swl l`gy sn[ieh swry dw swrw lwl p`Qr dw bixAw hoieAw hY[Swh jhwn ny mugl rwjDwnI, jo pihlW Awgry iv`c sI id`lI ivKy qbdIl kr id`qI[ies dy duAwly bVI cOVI qy fUMGI KweI bxI hoeI hY qWik duSmx CyqI kIiqAW dwKl nw ho sky[mu`K gyt dw nW ‘lwhOrI gyt’ hY ikauNik ies dw mUMh lwhOr v`l hY[ AYsy mzbUq, a~ucIAW dIvwrW Aqy p`Qr dI icxweI kwrn Aqy iklHy AMdr mOjUd v`fI igxqI iv`c mugl &Oj dw twkrw kr ky dwKl hoxw koeI sOKI g`l nhIN sI[iklHy dy sB drvwjy bMd kr id`qy gey sn[ieiqhwsk kQn muqwibk isMGW nUM ie`k imsqrI ny d`isAw ik iklHy dI ie`k bwhI dI kMD AMdroN kmzor hY[ieh sux isMGW ny bVI imhnq nwL aus QW ’qy p`Qr qoV ky morI jw mGorw kIqw Aqy is`K &Oj qyzI nwl iklHy AMdr 11 mwrc 1783 nUM dwKl hoeI[ieh mGory jW morI vwlI QW A`j vI ‘morI gyt’ nwL mShUr hY[isMGW dI Awmd q`k bwdSwh aus dy vzIr, AmIr, mulW, kwzI Awid Awpxy irhwieSI AsQwnW ’qy qwly lw ky luk gey[isMGW nUM q`k ienHW dI hwlq aunHW jMglI jwnvrW vWg ho geI ijvyN Syr dI bVHk sux auh Awpo Awpxy GurinAW iv`c jw vVdy hn[is`K &Oj ny luky iksy bMdy ’qy AiqAwcwr nhIN kIqw Aqy nw hI iksy nUM mwirAw[srdwr j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw vI ihswr qoN 10 hzwr &Oj lY ky id`lI phuMc igAw[pr srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw Aqy hor srdwrW ny ies nUM pMjwb ’coN k`F id`qw sI[

lwl iklHy ’qy kysrI inSwn Julwauxy lwl iklHw sr krn nwl ij`q dI KuSI dy rxjIq ngwry v`jxy SurU ho gey[isMGW ny dIvwn-ey-Awm ’c pYr pwey[siqgurW dw DMnvwd kIqw Aqy iklHy qoN hYdrI JMfw auqwr ky kysrI inSwn swihb Julw id`qw[isMGW ny srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM pwqSwh AwK ky aus q^q ’qy ibTw id`qw ij`Qy Swh jhwn, AOrMgzyb Aqy aus auprMq mugl bwdSwh bYTdy sn[ie`k isMG nUM AwhlUvwlIey ’qy cOr krn leI lw id`qw[ieM\ srdwr kpUr isMG dy khy Sbd ik ieh qW swfw pwqSwh hY pUry ho gey[j`sw

(93)

isMG dI swKI ShId rqn isMG BMgU krqw pMQ pRkwS 217-18 pMnw ’qy ieauN ibAwn krdw hY: swKI j`sw isMG kI, Ab mYN dyauN sunwie[ mMgq Kwq Kwlsy rlXo, BXo pMQ pwqSwih[ pr j`sw isMG rwmgVIHey ny ivroD kIqw[dohW pwisAW qoN qlKI dy Sbd vI boly gey[j`sw isMG AhlUvwlIey qoN BrwvW ivckwr ho irhw gu`sy vwlw mhOl shwirAw nw igAw Aqyy aus ny pMQ v`loN bKiSAw ieh v`fw Ahudw iqAwg id`qw[ ieM\ isMGW ny mugl rwj ’qy kbzw kr ky jo kImqI smwn h`Q AwieAw auh hiQAw ilAw[j`sw isMG rwmgVHIey ny v`fw kMm ieh kIqw ik ijs q^q (p`Qr dy tukVy) ’qy mugl bwdSwh bYT hukm krdy sn auh Awpxy bMdy lw ky putvw ilAw[ ieh tukVw 6x4x0.75 Pu`t sweIz dw pu`t ky g`fy ’qy l`d AMimRqsr lY AWdw[A`j vI ieh p`Qr dw tukVw hirmMdr swihb dy srovr dI pRkrmw ’qy siQq bMugw rwmgVIHAw AMdr PrS iv`c jiVHAw hoieAw mOjUd hY[ieh lwl rMg dw hY Aqy ies iv`c pILy pILy itmkxy hn[srdwr rwmgVHIAw ny 4 qopW vI kwbU kIqIAW[ies qrHW ^wlsy ny mugl rwj dIAW jVHW pu`tIAW[sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny zPrnwmy AMdr ieh Sbd AOrMgzyb nUM ilKy sn: cUnw AwqSy zyry nweq inhmiz pMjwb Awbq n Kurdn idhm] AY AOrMgzyb! myrw ^wlsw qyry GoV svwrW hyT AYsI A`g bwlygw ik mugl pMjwb dy pwxIAW dw Gu`t nhIN pI skxgy[ is`K pRqI gurbwxI dy vwk hn: Awgwh kU qRwiG ipCw Pyir n mohfVw] nwnk isiJ ievyhw vwr bhuV n hovI jnmVw] fwktr Aqr isMG ilKdy hn ik gurU dw aupdyS is`K nUM siQ`qI dI QW ’qy gqI, sQwn dI QW ’qy ieiqhws, sQwpn dI QW ’qy pirvrqn, SWqI dI QW ’qy sMGrS Aqy prMprw dI QW ’qy kRWqI dw v`l isKwauNdw hY[ieh v`l qkiVAW v`loN kmzorW qy ho rhy soSx nUM T`lH pwauNdw hY[

(94)

gurU jI dy krnInwmy AMdr bol hn: q^q id`lI pr bhygI Awp gurW dI &Oj[ cvr JulyNgy sIs pr bVI krygyN mOj[ gurU dw ^wlsw rwj Bwg dw Bu`Kw nhIN[ieh qW gurU dy gwfI mwrg ’qy c`ldw hoieAw hr pRwxI leI s`c, suqMqrqw, su`K Aqy Swndwr jIvn cwhuMdw hY[ieh qW hlymI rwj cwhuMdw hY gulwmI rwj nhIN[pMQ pRkwS iv`c igAwnI igAwn isMG isMGW dI soc bwry ilKdy hn: vwhn iSgwry rhyN, bwjqy ngwry rhyN, vYrI BUim fwry rhyN, mUMf Xuq qwj ky[ sMgqYN Awbwd rhyN, Awvqy pRswd rhyN, bwFy Aihlwd bhy, Drm su kwj ky[ g`dIAW At`l rhyN, cONkIAW Acl rhyN, buMgy Jlw Jl rhy, sihq smwj ky[ lwgqy dIvwn rhyN, gwvqy sujwn rhyN; Julqy inSwn rhyN, pMQ mhwrwj ky[

bygm smrU dw id`lI phuMcxw is`KW v`loN id`lI ’qy kwbz hox kwrn mugl hkUmq bVI BY BIq sI[bygm smrU nUM isAwxI, qwkqvr Aqy aulJI qwxI nUM sulJwaux iv`c mwhr smJidAW hkUmq ny Awpxw dUq Byj qqkwl id`lI phuMcx leI AwiKAw[ieh sdy ’qy 12 mwrc 1783 nUM id`lI Aw geI[ Swh Awlm ny ies nUM swrI hwlq qoN jwxU krwieAw Aqy isMGW nUM ieh mnwaux leI, ik auh id`lI ’coN cly jwx leI zor pwaux leI ikhw[bwdSwh ny suJwA id`qw ik isMGW nUM AsIN rohqk Aqy krnwl dw ielwkw p`ky qOr ’qy sMBwl idAWgy[ieh pySkS lY ky bygm smrU srdwr bGyl isMG pws phuMcI[srdwr ny bygm dw bVw siqkwr kIqw[aus nUM suMdr jgHw ’qy ibTw ky g`lbwq kIqI Aqy bwdSwh dI pySkS ik isMG id`lI C`f jwx AsIN ienHW nUM rohqk qy krnwl dw ielwkw dy idAWgy[ bGyl isMG ny dUjy srdwrW nwl bYT g`lbwq dOrwn ikhw, “bygm jI! id`lI ’qy p`kI qrHW kwbz hox leI swfw koeI ierwdw nhIN[swfI ivSyS mMg qW is`KW dIAW ieiqhwsk QwvW ’qy gurduAwry swihbwn auswrn dI hY ijnHW ’qy ieh lok D`ky nwL kbzw jmweI bYTy hn[ies imlxI dOrwn isMGW ny AwpxIAW jo mMgW r`KIAW auh sn: 1. is`K &Oz dw v`fw ih`sw id`lI C`f pMjwb cilAw jwvygw[ (95)

2. srdwr bGyl isMG 4 hzwr is`K sYnkW nwL id`lI iv`c hI rhygw[ 3. id`lI iv`c is`KW dy piv`qr AsQwnW ’qy bGyl isMG 7 gurduAwry bxw skygw[ 4. is`K sYnkW dy Krcy Aqy gurduAwirAW dI auswrI ’qy Krcy leI id`lI dy cUMgI vsUl coN 6 Awny ie`k rupey iv`coN (1 rupeIAw = 16 Awny) isMGW nUM id`qy jwxgy[ 5. srdwr bGyl isMG dw mu`K d&qr sbzI mMfI iv`Ky hovygw[ 6. is`K sYink mwrc 1783 qoN dsMbr 1783 q`k A`T mhIny dI Tihr dOrwn id`lI dy SihrIAW nwL BYVw vrqwau nhIN krngy[ 7. gurduAwirAW dI auswrI v`D qoN v`D iesy swl dsMbr q`k mukMml kr isMG id`lI C`f jwxgy[ bygm smrU swrI g`l bwq auprMq bwdSwh koL geI Aqy ijauN hI aus ny isMGW dIAW ilKq mMgW aus pws pyS kIqIAW qW Swh Awlm ny iehnW nUM piVHAw Aqy iqauN hI mnzUr kr ky hyT dsq^q kr id`qy[ g`l kI mrdw kI nhIN krdw[

(96)

AiDAwie 5 id`lI ’c gurduAwry bxwauxy gurduAwrw do Sbd gur+dAwrw dw sumyl hY[gur qoN Bwv gurU Aqy duAwry qoN Bwv hY dr ArQwq Gr[so gurdvwry dw mqlb hY gurU dw dr jW Gr[gurduAwrw Sbd sRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c bhuq vyr AwieAw hY ijvyN ijs no kQw suxwieih AwpxI is gurduAwrY suK pwvhy ] (919) gurduAwry is`KW dy Dwrimk AsQwn hn Aqy ieh mnu`K nUM pRBU dy nwL imlwp krn dy mu`K swDn hn[ie`Qy is`K sMgq j`ugo-ju`g At`l, hwzrw-hzUr, zwhrw-zhUr Aqy srb klw BrpUr Sbd gurU ‘sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy nqmsqk ho gurbwxI dw pwT, kQw, kIrqn, kvISrI, FwfI klw Aqy is`K ieiqhws sux gurmiq dI roSnI hwsl krdI hY[AYsI gurmiq mn AMdr SWqI, sihj, siq, sMqoK, dieAw Aqy Drm dw invws auqpn krdI hY ijs kwrn icMqw, Brm, inMidAw, cuglI, hMkwr, durmq Awid dUr ho jWdy hn[sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny audwsIAW dOrwn is`KI isDWqW dy pRcwr dOrwn is`KW nUM DrmSwlwvW bxwaux leI pRyirAw[ij`Qy ikqy vI siqgurW ny pYr pwey auQy DrmSwlwvW sQwpq ho geIAW[iesy leI hI BweI gurdws jI ny kQn kIqw: ijQy bwbw pYru Dir pUjw Awsxu Qwpix soAw[ Gr Gr AMdr Drmswl hovy, kIrqnu sdw ivsoAw[ vwr 1 (pauVI 27) sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI ny 1521 eIsvI iv`c krqwrpur swihb ivKy pihlw gurduAwrw sQwpq kIqw[gurduAwry sMbMDI sRI gurU Amr dws jI dy bcn hn: gurduAwry lwie BwvnI ieknw dsvw duAwru idKwieAw] (ùòò) so gurduAwrw swihbwn pUjw, BgqI, syvw, swD sMgq Aqy is`KI ivrsy leI ivSyS AsQwn hn[ pRBU BgqI Awqmk bl pYdw kr ky ienswn nUM inrBau, inrvYr, dieAwvwn Aqy SrDwvwn bxw idMdI hY[igAwnI sMq isMG jI mskIn ilKdy hn ‘gurduAwry auh tkswlW hn (97)

ij`Qy gur SbdW dy Awsry mnu`KI jIvn nUM GiVAw jWdw hY ikauNik ieh BgqI, pRym rs Aqy igAwn pRkwS dy somy hn’[ gurduAwrw swihbwn AMdr lMgr Aqy rhwieS dw vI pRbMD huMdw hY[iehnW dI auswrI leI Aqy hor smUh pRbMDW leI gurU swihb v`loN hr is`K nUM AwpxI Dwrimk kmweI iv`coN dsvMD dyx dw hukm hY[is`K sMgqW gurU dI golk iv`c Dn pwauNdIAW hn[gurU dI golk nUM ‘grIb dw mUMh’ AwiKAw jWdw hY[ieh mwieAw Dwrimk smwgmW, mrIzW, iv`idAw, gRMQIAW, kIrqnIAW Aqy kQw vwckW ’qy vI Krc kIqI jWdI hY[gurU Gr hzwrW hI pRwxIAW nUM nOkrI vI prdwn kr rhy hn Aqy kOm dI cVHdI klw dy pRqIk hn[ mhwn i&lws&r fwktr iekbwl dy bol hn: kOmoN ky lIey moh hY mrkz sy judweI[ Bwv ijhVIAW kOmW Awpxy Dwrimk kyNdr qoN tu`t jWdIAW hn auh AwpxI jVH auKyV bYTdIAW hn[ BweI bGyl isMG dy mn AMdr Dwrimk kyNdrW dI bhwlI leI BwrI iK`c sI[smyN dI mugl hkUmq v`loN is`KI dy kuJ mhwn Dwrimk kyNdrW nUM imtw ky au`Qy msIqW Awid dI auswrI is`KW nUM kMfy vWg cuB rhI sI[ gurU swihbwn AMqrjwmI hox sdkw is`KW dI ies qV& nUM mihsUs kr rhy sn[ aunHW srdwr bGyl isMG ’qy AYsI ikRpw idRStI kIqI, AYsw bl bKiSAw Aqy AYsI ivD bxweI ik aus leI gurduAwrw swihbwn dI auswrI leI syvw dy drvwzy KolH id`qy[ BweI bGyl isMG ny 7 gurduAwry auswrn leI ivauNq bxweI[ijnHW dy nW pMQ ^wlsy nwL slwh kr ky ies qrHW aulIky: 1. gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb 2. gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb 3. gurduAwrw bMglw swihb 4. gurduAwrw mwqw suMdrI jI 5. gurduAwrw bwlw swihb

(98)

6. gurduAwrw moqI bwg 7. gurduAwrw mjnMU dw it`lw ieh 7 gurduAwry (fyhry) bnvwaux leI srdwr ny id`lI pqI qoN AwigAw lY leI sI Aqy bygm smrU ’qy bwdSwh dy hW p`KI rv`eIAw Apnwaux leI zor pwieAw sI[rqn isMG BMgU pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS iv`c ilKdy hn: ksm nym daU Er qy bygm dey krwie[ fyhry s`q cVHwvxy isMG jI ley iLKwie(52) bGyl isMG ny ieh g`l vI ilKq ’c ilKvweI ik AsIN ienHW fyirAW ’qy is`K pMQ dy JMfy (inSwn swihb) Jlwauxy hn quhwnUM ienHW sMbMDI koeI ieqrwz nhIN hoxw cwhIdw[aus vKq ihMdusqwn AMdr cwry pwsy hry rMg dy hYdrI JMfy hI JUl rhy sn: bGyl isMG qO bygm &rmwXo[kih piqSwhy fyrw bwhr krwXo[ mwV mot jo qumry pwih[idau bwhr qUM JMfy gfvwie[(45) soaU bwq piqSwh mMn leI[dIny JMfy bwhr gfeI[ inSwn swihb auu~cw JulwieAw jWdw hY Aqy ieh gurdvwry dI mOzUdgI nUM drswauNdw hY[aucweI ’qy JUl irhw ies dw P`rw grIbW, Bu`iKAW qy duKIAW nUM mwno Awvwzw mwrdw hY ik qusIN myry kol Awau, lMgr Ck ky qn dI Bu`K imtwau, siqsMgq iv`c bYT nwm bwxI dIAW CihbrW suxoN Aqy Awqmk bl pRwpq kro[mu&q Tihro Aqy loV Anuswr vsqW vI hwsl kro[cwr qxIAW dy Awsry KVHw inSwn swihb cwry mu`K DrmW ihMdU, muslm, is`K Aqy eIsweIAW nUM Awsrw dyx dw pRqIk hY[ bwdSwh nwl ilKqI smJOqw hox ip`CoN id`lI Sihr dIAW swrIAW cUMgIAW (Octroi posts) ’qy kbzw kr ky ^wlsy ny imTweI pul qy cUMgI kr augrwhuxw SurU kr id`qw[hr roz pRwpq hox vwly cUMgI kr dw 62.5 pRqISq (pMj btw A`T, 1 rupey coN 40 pYsy) ikauNik aus smyN 1 rupeIAw 64 pYsy dw huMdw sI ih`sw srkwrI Kzwny iv`c pwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ipAwrw isMG pdm sMKyp is`K ieiqhws dy pMnw 115 ’qy ilKdy hn ik bwdSwh ny ^wlsy nUM 3 l`K rupey nkd vI id`qy sn[

(99)

srdwr bGyl isMG ny cWdnI cONk dI koqvwlI vI Awpxy Gyry iv`c lY AWdI[cwr hzwr sYink id`lI ’c r`K bwkI swrI sYnw 12 mwrc 1783 nUM vwps Byj id`qI[bwdSwh v`loN id`qy gey 3 l`K rupey iv`coN sYnw nUM vwps Byjx smyN kVwh pRswd CkwieAw igAw[ngwirAW ’qy cot lw ky &Oj ny pMjwb v`l kUc kIqw[id`lI r`Ky gey isMGW nUM idn pur rwq cOkMny rih ky Sihr iv`c gSq krn leI hukm kIqw[ieh bVI AcMBy vwlI g`l sI ik igxqI dy cwr hzwr ^wlsy ny id`lI dy mugl q^q nUM hI kyvl nhIN blik swry ihMdusqwn dI lokweI nUM v`s ’c kr r`iKAw sI[dyS AMdr Awpxy Awp nUM qwkqvr khwaux vwly mrh`itAW Aqy AMgryzW dw vI id`lI q^q nUM hiQAwaux dw ihAW nhIN ipAw[ieQy Bgq rivdws jI dw aucwrn kIqw Sbd pRBU klw nUM drsw isMGW ’qy kIqI imhr dw pRgtwvw kr irhw hY: AYsI lwl quJ ibnu kvn krY[ gRIb invwj guseIAw myrw mwQY CqR DrY[ nIcau aUc krY myrw goibMd kwhUM qy n frY[ sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mhW bol, rqn isMG BMgU dy pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS ’c ieM\ drj kIqy hn[ ien grIb isKXn ko dXY pwqSwhI[Xh Xwd rKYN hmrI guirAweI[ dsvyN pwqSwh dy drbwr dw mShUr kvI kMkn aunHW dy d`sy gurmiq AwSy Aqy jIvn jwc nUM ‘dyg qyg jg mih doaU clY’ sMbMDI ies qrHW klmbMd krdw hY: dyg qyg dono ghI rwj jog duie kIn[ jog Bog donoN kIey auqm pdvI lIn[ kudrqI 1783 iv`c lMmy smyN qoN mINh nw pYx kwrn dyS AMdr kwl pY igAw[lokweI AMdr Bu`K du`KoN hw hw kwr m`c geI[dUjy pwsy imrzw SwPI jo srkwr dw SwSn pwl Aqy kmWfr-ien-cIP sI jnvrI qoN sqMbr 1783 q`k Awgry ivKy muhMmd byg hmdwnI dI bgwvq nUM dbwaux ’c ruJ igAw sI Aqy AMq nUM 23 sqMbr 1783 nUM hmdwnI h`QoN mr igAw[ies auprMq APrwisAwb Kwn Swsn pwl bixAw pr SwPI dy Brw jYn-aul-AbIdIn KW ny ies nUM mwr mukwieAw[ies qrHW mugl rwj inrbl ho igAw sI[ (100)

gurduAwrw swihb bxwaux dy kwrj nUM kyvl 8 ku mhIinAW iv`c sMpUrn krn leI BweI bGyl isMG BwrI j`do-jihd kr irhw sI[ieh kMm koeI Kwlw jI dw vwVw nhIN sI[gurU GrW dI auswrI leI jgHw hiQAwauxIAW, auswrI dw swjo-smwn ie`kTw krnw, imsqRI, mzdUrW Awid dw pRbMD, Awid gMBIr msly sn[pr ieh gurU dw lwflw, gurmuK ipAwrw Aqy dulwrw pqw nhIN aus mwlk A`gy ies kMm dI pUrqI leI AYsIAW ikMnIAW ku ArdwsW krdw hovygw: quD AwgY Ardws hmwrI jIau ipMf sB qyrw] khu nwnk sB qyrI vifAweI koeI nwm n jwxy myrw] sq sMqoKu hovY Ardwis qw suix sid bhwly pwis] (ø÷ø) kMkn kvI ilKdy hn ik gurU swihb ny pIrW &kIrW dI mwnqw dw KMfn kr ky pRBU A`gy kIqI Ardws dI mhwnqw drsweI hY: pIrn qy AO PkIrn qy koaU kwm n sOrq hY kl mwhI[ hoie hY kwj iblMb ibnw jb isKn pY Ardws krwhI[ BweI bGyl isMG ny pUrI sur`iKAw hyT Awpxw d&qr sbzI mMfI ivKy sQwpq kIqw[ieQy bYT ky gurU dI Et lY sujwn, s`iBAk Aqy sdwcwrI isMGW dI slwh nwl gurduAwrw swihbwn auswrn dI swrI Xojnw iqAwr kIqI[mugl q^q dI qlvwr BwvyN hr smyN ienHW ’qy ltk rhI sI Aqy auh iksy smyN vI &OjI hmlw kr ky isMGW dI mwr-kutweI kr id`lI qoN Bjw skdy sn, pr ^wlsy dy jwho-jlwl, kwrnwimAW Aqy bl A`gy AYsI kwrvweI krn qoN frdy sn[v`fI g`l ieh ik gurU swihb is`KW pwsoN Su`B kMm krwaux leI bdI nUM n`Q pw idMdy hn Aqy nykI nUM qwkq bKSdy hn[ BwvyN isMG pihlW sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI dy ShIdI Aqy sskwr vwLy AsQwn qy gurU GrW dw kMm AwrMB krnw cwhuMdy sn pr ienHW QwvW ’qy muglW ny msIqW auswr r`KIAW sn ijnHW nUM Fwhux nwl v`fI sm`isAw KVHI ho skdI sI[ A`j vI AwpW dyKdy hW ik rwm mMdr bnwaux leI ihMdU j`QybMdIAW ny lKnaU ivKy 1995 iv`c bwbrI msijd qW Fwh id`qI sI pr muslm BweIcwry v`loN ies dw ivroD krn qy 22 swl bwAd vI au`Qy rwm mMdr nhIN bx sikAw[so BweI bGyl isMG ny pihlW aunHW QwvW ’qy gurduAwry auswrny SurU kIqy ij`Qy ivroD vwlI koeI sm`isAw nhIN sI, (101)

pr aunHW QwvW qy kbzw krnw vI bVw hI dlyrI, ihMmq Aqy zorwvrI dw kdm sI[

gurduAwrw mwqw suMdrI jI mwqw suMdrI jI (suMdr kOr jI) sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy mihl sn[ienHW ny qkrIbn 40 swl is`K pMQ dI bVy sMktmeI smyN AMdr kyvl syvw hI nhIN kIqI sgoN is`KI dy pRcwr nUM vI pRcMf kIqw[ 1704 eIsvI iv`c jdoN siqgurW AnMdpurI C`fI Aqy srsw ndI ’qy mugl &Oj v`loN sB AsUl, vwiedy, kwiedy, kwnUMn Aqy KwDIAW sOhW iC`ky ’qy tMg Acncyq hmlw kr id`qw qW srsw ndI iknwry prvwr ivCoVw ho igAw[mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr (srb`q ^wlsy dI mwqw) BweI mnI isMG nwL id`LI phuMc geIAW[auQy ienHW AjmyrI gyt kol kUcw idlvwlI bwzwr qylIAW ivKy BweI jvwhr isMG dI hvylI ivKy invws kIqw[is`K sMgqW ny bVI SrDw nwL mwqwvW dI syvw-sMBwl kIqI[mukqsr dI jMg ip`CoN jdoN gurU jI swbHo dI qlvMfI (dmdmw swihb) phuMcy qW sweIN dIAW rihmqW hwsl krn leI mwqwvW ieQy phuMcIAW[imL ky jMgW Xu`DW iv`c hoeIAW KuAwrIAW Aqy idl dy tukiVAW, Bwv cwry swihbzwidAW dIAW ShwdqW bwry g`lbwq dOrwn bVw vYrwg Aqy du`K auqpn hoieAw[pr gurU swihb ny idlwsw id`qw ik pu`qrW dI Shwdq ^wlsw pMQ nUM bulMdIAW ’qy phuMcweygI Aqy mu`K ieh bcn aucwry: ien puqrn ky sIs pr vwr dIey suq cwr[ cwr muey qo ikAw huAw jIvq keI hzwr[ gurU swihb ny ^wlsy nUM Awpxw nwdI pu`qr AwiKAw[auprMq gurU goibMd isMG jI ny bhwdr Swh dI aus dy Brw qwrw Awzm nwl hoeI jMg iv`c m`dd kIqI Aqy bhwdr Swh nUM q^q idvwieAw[id`lI qoN mwqw swihb kOr qW gurU jI nwL nWdyV (sRI Abcl ngr) clI geI Aqy mwqw suMdrI jI nUM siqgurW id`lI rih ky ^wlsw pMQ dI syvw krn dw AwdyS id`qw[kuJ smW ip`CoN Awpxw AMqlw smW nyVy jwx mwqw swihb kOr nUM pMj Ssqr, sRI swihb, ktwr, jmdwV, ikRpwn Aqy qIr bKS ky id`lI vl qor id`qw[jdoN mwqw jI ny ikhw ik myrw quhwfy qoN ivCVn leI jIA nhIN krdw Aqy ieQy mYN hr roz quhwfy drSn krdI hW qW (102)

siqgurW PurmwieAw, ienHW SsqrW dw siqkwr krnw ienHW iv`coN quhwnUM swfy drSn ho jwieAw krngy[siqgurW ny donW mihlW nUM is`K pMQ dIAW sMgqW pRqI hukmnwmy Byjx leI AiDkwr id`qy[ienHW hukmnwimAW iv`c gur is`KW nUM Awpxw dsvMD id`lI ivKy Byjx dI pryrnw drz hY Aqy ieh Dn sRI hirmMdr swihb dy pRbMDW leI vrqx dy AwdyS sn[ienHW iv`coN 9 hukmnwmy pMjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw v`loN pRkwSq Aqy fwktr gMfw isMG v`loN sMpwidq pusqk ‘hukmnwmy’ iv`c Cpy imldy hn ijnHW dw smW 1726 qoN 1734 eIsvI q`k dw hY[ mugl kwl dOrwn mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr id`lI iv`c ies kr ky v`D sur`iKAq sn ikauNik bwdSwh bhwdr Swh nUM rwj Bwg idvwaux leI gurU swihb ny jMg iv`c m`dd kIqI sI[sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy pRlok gmn auprMq is`KW AMdr mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr dw BwrI snmwn sI Aqy hr gurU nwnk nwm lyvw aunHW dy hukmW ’qy Pu`l cVHwauNdw sI[mwqw suMdr kOr ny BweI mnI isMG nUM hirmMdr swihb dw mu`K gRMQI QwipAw sI[ bwdSwh bhwdr Swh dI AikRqGxqw q`ko, gurU swihb nwL kIqy aunHW vwAidAW ik mYN Coty swihbzwidAW nUM nIhW ’c cnwaux vwly doSIAW nUM quhwfy hvwly krWgw qoN m`ukr igAw[jdoN gurU swihb dw ByijAw bMdw isMG bhwdr duStW dI suDweI leI pMjwb ’c phuMc igAw[ies ny mwqwvW nUM kYdI bxw ky aunHW ’qy zor pwieAw Aqy p`qr ilKvwey ik bMdw mugl rwj dy SihrW qy hmly nw kry, pr bMdy ny au~qr iv`c iliKAw ik mYN qW gurU swihb dy hukm muqwbk c`l irhw hW qy iesy iv`c hI ^wlsy dw Blw hY[srkwr ny AYsIAW KbrW vI PYlweIAW ik mwqw suMdr kOr ny aus dw hukm nw mMnx kr ky aus nUM is`K pMQ iv`coN Kwrj kr id`qw hY[keI ilKwrIAW ny vI ieh JUTIAW g`lW AwpxIAW lyKxIAW iv`c ilK id`qIAW[smJx vwlI g`l hY ik mwqw suMdr kOr auhnW duStW dI m`dd ’qy ikvyN Aw skdI sI ijnHW ny aus nUM kYdI bxwieAw hoieAw sI? kI mwqw jI nUM swihbzwidAW dI ShIdI dw du`K nhIN sI? ieh svwl drsw rhy hn ik mwqw suMdr kOr ny kdy vI bMdy dI ivroDqw nhIN kIqI hovygI[smyN dIAW srkwrW dw ieh kMm huMdw hI hY ik auh Awpxw au~lU is`Dw krn leI vMfIAW pwaux dw Xqn krdIAW hn[AYsIAW Pu`tpwaU nIqIAW s`c nUM A`KoN proKy kr ky ieiqhws ivgwV idMdIAW hn[ (103)

mwqw suMdr kOr ny srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIAw dI bcpn iv`c is`KI AsUlW Anuswr pwlxw poSxw kIqI[auprMq ies nUM dl ^wlsw dy pRDwn nvwb kpUr isMG dy hvwly kr id`qw[ mwqw jI dI imhr, AsIs Aqy ASIrvwd sdkw srdwr j`sw isMG AwhlUvwlIey nUM mhwn jrnYl Aqy pwqSwh dw drzw pRwpq hoieAw[ mwqwvW ny gurU gurU kridAW svws-svws ismrn iv`c bqIq kIqw[id`lI rih ky pMQ dI suc`jI rihnumweI kIqI[sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI aucwrI bwxI Aqy swihq dI sMBwl dw kMm bVI hI kuSlqw nwL inBwieAw[siqgurU v`loN bKSy SsqrW nUM bhuq hI siqkwr nwL plMG ’qy ibrwjmwn kr ky r`iKAw Aqy nmskwrW inqwpRiq kIqIAW[ jI.AY`s.rxDIr dI pusqk is`K SrweInz ien ieMfIAw (Sikh Shrines in India) Anuswr mwqw suMdr kOr 1747 eIsvI iv`c s`c-KMf gmn hoey[igAwnI Twkr isMG dI pusqk ‘sRI gurdvwry drSn’ Anuswr mwqw swihb kOr sMmq 1804 ibkRmI mhInw A`sU idn 27 (1747 eIsvI) nUM id`lI hvylI ivKy pRlok isDwry[dovyN mwqwvW mwno ArS qoN PrS ’qy AweIAW kudrq dw nUr sn[ienHW dy inAwrypx ny is`KI AMdr cVHdI klw dI krwmwqI SkqI Br id`qI[ mwqwvW dw sskwr jmnw ndI dy iknwry kIqw igAw sI ij`Qy gurduAwrw bwlw swihb suSoBq hY[BweI bGyl isMG ny Ardws kr Aqy kVwh pRSwd vrqw mwqwvW dy invws vwLI jgHw ’qy gurduAwrw mwqw suMdrI jI auswirAw Aqy inSwn swihb Julw id`qw[ShId rqn isMG jI BMgU ilKdy hn: qO isMG jI kMm fyhrn qorw[ipRQm kIE jo huqo kMm QoVw[ jhW mwq QI doaU rhI[jgw pIhVy kI qih bnvweI[(159) huqI swhb dyvI AO suMdRI mwq[gur pqnI sB jg ibKXwq[ sRI hir ikRSn smwD Awd jhIN[jmnw iFg g`f JMfy qRqhI[(60) gurU jI dy ByNt kIqy hoey Ssqr BweI jIvn isMG Aqy aus dI bMs ny Awpxy gRih ivKy, ijhVw mtIAw bwzwr iv`c, ic`tI kbr muh`lw AMdr hY, bhuq hI SrDw nwL sMBwly[ienHW iv`coN kuJ A`j klH mwqw suMdr kOr jI dy gurduAwrw swihb ivKy suSoBq hn[ (104)

gurduAwrw bwlw swihb ieh gurduAwrw swihb A`TvyN gurU sRI gurU hir ikRSn swihb jI dI piv`qr Xwd iv`c hY ij`Qy auh pRlok isDwry[BweI bGyl isMG ny ies sQwn (gurU jI dy sskwr vwLI jgHw) ’qy gurduAwrw 1783 eIsvI nUM bxvwieAw[ieh gurduAwrw mhwrwxI bwg dy swmHxy irMg rof ’qy siQ`q hY[pihlW pihl jmnw ies dy nwL dI vgdI sI pr smW pYx ’qy Sihr dy vwDy kwrn ies dw vhw bdl igAw[ AOrMgzyb bwdSwh dw Brw dwrw iSkoh bwgI ho ky pMjwb vl AwieAw[id`lI pqI nUM iksy ny ^br id`qI ik sRI gurU hir rwey ny dwrw iSkoh dI m`dd kIqI hY[bwdSwh ny siqgurW nUM id`lI bulwieAw[auh Awp qW nw gey, Awpxy spu`qr sRI rwm rwie jI nUM Byj id`qw[BwvyN auQy jw ky rwm rwey ny kwPI isAwxp nwl bwdSwh dIAW glq &ihmIAW dUr kIqIAW pr id`lI drbwr ’c rihx kr ky krwmwqW vI idKwauxIAW AwrMB kr id`qIAW Aqy gurbwxI dI quk ‘imtI muslmwn kI pyVY peI kuim@Awr’ dI QW ‘imtI byeImwn kI pyVy peI kuim@Awr’ kr id`qI[ ijauN hI siqgurW nUM gurbwxI ’c bdlw krn dw pqw l`igAw aus auprMq aunHW rwm rwey nUM mUMh nhIN lwieAw Aqy bcn kIqw ik swfy ip`CoN gur g`dI dy h`kdwr sRI hir ikRSn jI hoxgy[s`cy pwqSwh 6 AkqUbr 1661 nUM kIrqpur ivKy joqI joq smw gey[do idn ip`CoN sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI gur g`dI ’qy bYTy[ rwm rwey nUM ijauN hI ^br imlI ik gur g`dI myry Coty Brw nUM imL geI hY qW mn iv`c BwrI ros kIqw[ies ny sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI nUM g`dI qoN lwhux leI AOrMgzyb bwdSwh dI m`dd leI, ijhVw A`q dw jnUnI sI[ieiqhwsk gwQwvW Anuswr s`qvyN pwqSwh jI ny sRI hir ikRSn jI nUM ijauNdy jI ieh kih id`qw sI pu`qr qUM kdy vI AOrMgzyb nUM nhIN imlxw[rwm rwey dy zor pwaux ’qy bwdSwh ny bwl gurW nUM id`lI phuMcx leI sunyhW ByijAw[pihlW qW gurU jI ny ies sMbMDI juAwb dy id`qw[pr id`lI srkwr v`loN imrjw rwjw jY isMG ny kIrqpur Aw ky gurU swihb nUM ieh Brosw id`qw ik mYN quhwnUM AOrMgzyb dy A`gy pyS nhIN hox idAWgw qW gurU jI aus nwl id`lI v`l rvwnw hoey[

(105)

id`lI phuMc ky s`cy pwqSwh kuJ smW qW rwjw jY isMG dy mihl ’c rhy[aunHI idnIN Sihr ’c hYzw (chollera) Aqy CotI mwqw (small pox) dI ibmwrI iBAwnk rUp Dwr geI[ieh dyK siqgurW ny mrIzW dy ielwj leI jmnw dy iknwry qMbU lvw ilAw[ibmwr mrIzW nUM dvweIAW dyxIAW AwrMB kr id`qIAW[[pIVq lokW dI hwlq aunHW qoN jrI nhIN sI jw rhI[siqgur sB dw Blw loVdw hY Aqy praupkwr leI lokweI dy du`K Awpxy ’qy lY lYNdw hY[kI ihMdU, kI muslmwn, kI is`K Awid sB nUM gurU jI idlwsw dy rhy sI Aqy ielwj krI jw rhy sI[AMq nUM ieh ibmwrI pRBU crnW ’c jodVI kr Awpxy srIr ’qy lY leI[gurU jI dw srIr mwqw (small pox) nwL Br igAw[AwKIr 30 mwrc 1664 eIsvI nUM gurU jI sMswrk Xwqrw kr ky cly gey[joqI joq smwaux qoN pihlW is`K sMgqW nUM kih id`qw, ‘bwbw bkwly’ Bwv swfy qoN ip`CoN swfy bwbw jI qyg bhwdr gur g`dI sMBwlxgy[ Sihr ’c ibmwrI dw pRkop vI ^qm ho igAw[sQwpq kIqy kYNp (qMbU) dy kol hI jmnw iknwry gurU jI dy srIr dw sskwr kIqw igAw sI[ihMdU Brw gurU swihb nUM ‘bwl mukMd’ AwK ky Xwd kr rhy sn jd ik muslmwn Brw ‘bwl pIr’ kih ky aunHW dy gux gw rhy sn[gurU jI dy is`K aunHW nUM hux vI ‘bwlw pRIqm’ dy nW nwL Xwd krdy hn[sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny A`TvyN gurW dI ausqqI ieM\ gwien kIqI hY: sRI hirikRSn iDAweIAY ijs ifTY siB duiK jwie] Bwv AStm gurU sRI hir ikRsn jI nUM Xwd krn nwL aunHW dy drSn ho jWdy hn Aqy drSn hox nwL hr iksm dw du`K dUr ho jWdw hY ArQwq auh ‘sMkt-hrn’ gurU jI hn gurduAwrw bwlw swihb jI dw bhuq v`fw mhwqm ieh vI hY ik ie`Qy hI mwqw suMdr kOr Aqy mwqw swihb kOr dw sskwr hoieAw sI[A`j klH gurduAwrw swihb dy mu`K drbwr hwl dy nwl lgdy Coty kmry iv`c mwqw swihb kOr dI smwDI bxI hoeI hY jd ik mwqw suMdr kOr dI smwDI gurduAwrw swihb dI nvIN iblifMg iv`c hY[hzwrW hI sMgqW ie`Qy hr roz nqmsqk huMdIAW hn[[

(106)

gurduAwrw bMglw swihb sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI 1664 eIsvI nUM bwdSwh AOrMgzyb dy s`dy ’qy rwjw jY isMG AMbyr (jYpur) dy id`lI vwLy mihl (bMgly) iv`c Aw ky rhy sn[kudrqI rwjw jY isMG nUM is`KI nwl ipAwr sI Aqy siqgurW nwl cMgy sMbMD rKdw sI[rwjy dy bMgly iv`c gurU jI dy rihx kr ky srdwr bGyl isMG ny auswrI smyN ies dw nW gurduAwrw bMglw swihb r`iKAw[gurbwxI dw Sbd hY: ijQy jwie bhy myrw siqgurU so Qwn suhwvw rwm rwjy] rwjw jY isMG v`fI Akl dw mwlk sI[jYpur ivKy ies dw bxvwieAw hoieAw jMqR-mMqR bhuq hI AcMBy vwLw hY[ieiqhwsk q`QW Anuswr ies ny sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI sMgq vI kIqI sI[qlvMfI swbHo ivKy siqgurW ny ijnHW 48 is`KW nUM sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI kQw srvx krweI sI rwjw jY isMG aunHW ’c Swml sI[ rwjy ny Awpxy mihlW iv`c sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI dI ruhwnI qwkq prKx leI AwpxI rwxI nUM golIAW vwLy kpVy pihnw ky kuJ iesqrIAW iv`c ibTw id`qw[AMqrjwmI gurU swihb ny pu`iCAw, ‘rwjw jI! quhwfI rwxI ik`Qy hY?’ jY isMG ny ikhw, ‘mhwrwj! l`Bxw kro, auh ik`Qy bYTI hY’? siqgurW ny iesqrIAW iv`c jw ky Awpxy h`Q iv`c PVI CVI rwxI dy isr ’qy jw itkweI[ieM\ jY isMG nUM Brosw ho igAw ik vwky hI bwl gurU AMqr idRStI dy mwlk hn[ ijauN hI is`K sMgqW nUM gurU jI dy mihlW iv`c phuMcx dI ^br imlI qW auh v`fI igxqI iv`c gurU jI dy drSnW nUM Awaux l`gIAW[hr roz siqsMgq hox l`igAw[kihMdy hn ik AOrMgzyb ny rwjw jY isMG nUM AwiKAw ik mYnUM vI gurU jI nwL imlwau[ sB dy idlW ’c ieh SMkw sI ik 8 swl dw b`cw gurU ikvyN bx igAw? jY isMG ny jdoN siqgurW nUM d`isAw ik bwdSwh quhwnUM imlx dI ie`Cw rKdw hY qW aunHW nWh kr id`qI[aunHW nUM ipqw sRI gurU hir rwey jI ny ieh kih id`qw sI “pu`qr, qusIN AOrMgzyb nUM kdy vI nhIN imlxw”? rwjy ny bwdSwh nUM kih id`qw ik gurU jI ny quhwnUM imlx qoN nWh kr id`qI hY[ieiqhwsk ilKqW Anuswr ie`k idn jdoN siqgurU jI is`KW nUM ie`k kmry iv`c sMgqI rUp iv`c gurmiq dw aupdyS dy rhy sI qW AOrMgzyb pwlkI iv`c bYT ky aus kmry dy bwhr Aw igAw[gurU swihb ny rwjw jY isMG nUM kih ky kmry (107)

dy drvwzy bMd krw id`qy[ bwdSwh bwhr hI kuJ smW pwlkI iv`c bYTw irhw[auh gurU jI dI soc sMbMDI prKx leI ie`k Qwl iv`c kImqI lwl Aqy hIry jvwhrwq, ie`k mwlw Aqy ie`k ikrpwn r`K ky ilAwieAw sI[jdoN bwdSwh ny dyiKAw ik gurU imlxw nhIN cwhuMdw qW aus ny Awpxy sMqrI rwhIN auh vsqW nwl BirAw Qwl jY isMG nUM dy ky gurU jI A`gy itkw id`qw[cojI gurU swihb ny Qwl ’coN mwLw Aqy ikrpwn Awpxy kol r`K leIAW Aqy hIry jvwhrwq vwps kr id`qy[ies dw Bwv sI is`KI AMdr mwLw Aqy ikrpwn pkVn dw isDWq hY ArQwq mwlw pRBU BgqI Aqy ikrpwn SkqI dw pRgtwvw krdI hY[ieM\ bwdSwh kuJ smyN ip`CoN vwps muV igAw[ ijvyN gurduAwrw mwqw suMdr kOr jI dy AsQwn sMbMDI AMikq hY ik gurU jI hYjy Aqy CotI mwqw vwly mrIzW dI syvw iv`c jut gey[aunHW mrIjW nUM Bojn dvweIAW Aqy kpVy vI vMfy[aunHW ny dIvwn drgwh m`l nUM hr roz ByNt ho rhI mwieAw grIbW nUM dyx dw aupdyS kIqw[rwjw jY isMG ny gurU jI dy kihx ’qy mihl dy lwgy KUh kol ie`k cub`cw vI iqAwr krvwieAw[A`j klH sMgqW SrDw sihq ies KUh dy jl dw cUlw CkdIAW hn Aqy mu`KoN DMn sRI gurU hir ikRSn jI aucwrdIAW hn[ gurdvwrw bMglw swihb KVk isMG mwrg ’qy kYnwt plys, id`lI lwgy siQ`q hY[nvIN id`lI dy rylvy stySn dy nzdIk Aqy KulHI hox kr ky ieQy rhwieS, gur Sbd Aqy Kwxy dw lMgr, ieSnwn srovr, hspqwl Awid dw vDIAw pRbMD hox kr ky v`fI igxqI sMgqW drSn krn phuMcdIAW hn[

nvIN jgHw leI iv`c

gurduAwrw moqI bwg sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI jdoN Awpxy jIvn dy iv`c pihlI vwr id`lI Awey qW ies AsQwn ’qy aunHW fyrw kIqw[AOrMgzyb dI mOq auprMq aus dy pu`qrW ivckwr g`dI dI pRwpqI leI JgVw SurU ho igAw[BweI nMd lwl jI ny gurU swihb nUM rwj kumwr muA`zm bhwdr Swh dI m`dd krn leI AwiKAw[siqgurU jI qlvMfI swbo qoN isMGW smyq 1707 eIsvI nUM muA`zm dI m`dd leI Aw gey[id`lI lw`gy DOlpur jwjU nwmI AsQwn ’qy qwrw Awzm Aqy m`uAzm ivckwr BwrI jMg hoeI[ ies jMg iv`c qwrw Awzm (108)

gurU jI dw qIr l`gx nwl mwirAw igAw sI[qvwrIK dIAW ilKqW drswauNdIAW hn ik muA`jm Awpxy mry hoey Brw nUM jMgy-mYdwn ’c dyKx AwieAw[kI dyKdw hY ik aus dy srIr ’c KuBy qIr qoN muA`zm bhwdr Swh nUM XkIn ho igAw ik ieh qIr sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI kmwn ’coN inkilAw hoieAw hY[aunHW simAW AMdr kyvl dSmyS ipqw dy qIr mUhry hI sonw l`igAw huMdw sI[ies g`l dI pRoVqw mhW kvI BweI sMqoK isMG ny vI Awpxy gRMQ sRI gurU pRqwp sUrj gRMQ iv`c kIqI hY: Kojn gXo bhwdr SwhU[jhW pirX dIrG rx mWhU[ dyKq qIr Bwl inkswie[jo kMcn (sony) dy ilpq suhwey[ ieh Gtnw 28 jUn 1707 ƒ vwprI[auprMq ij`q dy fMky v`jy Aqy bhwdr Swh id`lI q^q qy bYTw[ gurduAwrw swihb dw ieiqhws ies g`l dI gvwhI Brdw hY ik gurU swihb ny ifaufI qoN do qIr C`fy jo lwl iklHy AMdr bhwdr Swh dy idvwn hwl ’c if`gy[ie`k qIr dI prcI qy iliKAw sI, Swh jI! ieh koeI jwdU vwlI g`l nhIN hY ieh qW qIr mwrn dI klw hY[ieh ifaufI inSwnI vjoN Ajy q`k vI mOjUd hY Aqy ie`Qy sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw pRkwS hY[ies ifaufI au`pr cVH ky lwl iklHw ids jWdw hY[sMgqW v`loN gurduAwrw moqI bwg dI nvIN iemwrq vI bxweI geI hY[ieh gurduAwrw irMg rof ’qy DOlw kUMAW Aqy SWqI pQ dy ivckwr suSoBq hY[ BweI bGyl isMG ny aus bVy nwzk smyN AMdr ienHW gurDwmW dI inSwn dyhI kr ky iemwrqW auswrIAW Aqy pMQ dI mhwn syvw kIqI[

gurduAwrw mjƒ dw it`lw ieh gurduAwrw swihb jmnw dy s`jy iknwry qImrpur klonI, KYbr pws qoN pry siQ`q hY[ie`Qy hr swl ivswKI mOky ^wlsy dw pRkwS idhwVw zor Sor nwL mnwieAw jWdw hY[sMn 1950 iv`c aus jgHw ’qy ij`Qy bGyl isMG ny gurU Gr bxvwieAw sI, sMgqW vloN bhuq hI AwlISwn iemwrq auswrI geI[ keI ilKqW dy muqwbk ies qoN pihlW mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG ny sMgmrmr lgw ky gurduAwrw bxvwieAw sI[Syr-ey-pMjwb ny gurduAwry dy pRbMD leI jwgIr vI id`qI sI[ (109)

sulqwn iskMdr Swh loDI dy smyN ie`k qp`svI muslmwn &kIr jmnw iknwry au~cy it`ly ’qy rihMdw sI[auh AwpxI ikSqI iv`c bYTw lokW nUM ndI dy ie`k kMFy qoN dUjy kMFy C`fdw sI Aqy koeI BwVw vI nhIN sI lYNdw[aus dI msq-mlMg hwlq q`k lokweI aus nUM mjnUM kihx l`g peI[ ieiqhwsk ilKqW Anuswr 20 julweI 1505 nUM sRI gurU nwnk dyv jI vI ies pws phuMcy[sRI gurU jI dw Awaux sux muslm hzrq inzwmUdIn AOlIAw dw jwn nwSIn sujwdw vI gurU jI dy drSnw leI AwieAw[ hor vI keI sU&I &kIr gurU swihb dy ivcwr sux bVy AnMdq hoey Aqy gurU jI dy is`K bx gey[&kIr mjnUM kol keI idn Tihr ky aus nUM AiDAwqmk igAwn, pRBU imlwp Aqy mnu`Kw jIvn nUM au`cw-su`cw bxwaux dw v`l isKwieAw Aqy syvw-Bwvnw krn pRqI r`bI imhr bKSI[gurU jI dy pYr pwaux nwL ieh it`lw pUjw dw AsQwn bx igAw[BweI gurdws jI dy vI bol hn: ijQy bwbw pYru Dir pUjw Awsxu Qwpx soAw] (vwr 1, pauVI 27) bwdSwh jhWgIr dy bulwvy ’qy CyvyN pwqSwh sRI gurU hir goibMd swihb jI jdoN id`lI vl Awey qW mjnUM dy it`ly Tihry[jhWgIr ie`Qy hI gurU jI nUM imilAw[BwvyN gurU swihb ny ie`k idn bwdSwh nUM Syr dy hmly qoN bcwieAw pr ieh rwjy mhwrwjy kMnW dy k`cy hox kr ky Aqy cMdU vrigAW dy aukswaux nwL gurU jI nUM bwdSwh ny gvwlIAr dy iklHy ’c f`k id`qw[bwdSwh bImwr hox kr ky qrWH qrHW dy aupwA krn l`igAw[ sweIN mIAW mIr kol vI ibmwrI dw izkr kIqw[sweIN jI ny AwiKAw, “bwdSwh slwmq! qusIN r`bI rUh nUM jylH ’c bMd kIqw hoieAw hY[aus dw sMqwp quhwnUM l`igAw hoieAw hY[” ieh soc bwdSwh ny pwqSwh dI irhweI dw hukm kr id`qw[pr pwqSwh ny ikhw, AsIN hux jylH qoN bwhr 52 phwVI rwijAW ijhVy icrW qoN du`K Bog rhy hn aunHW nUM nwl lY ky hI bwhr AwvWgy[ bMdw mrdw kI nhIN krdw[jhWgIr ny pwqSwh nUM rwijAW smyq irhw kr id`qw[pMjwb vl Awaux smyN gurU jI ny Pyr mjnUM dy itlHy ivKy Tihrwau kIqw[ieiqhws dy pMny drswauNdy hn ik sRI gurU hir rwey jI ny rwm rwey nUM AOrMgzyb pws jdoN is`KI AsUl dy q`q ibAwn krn leI id`lI ByijAw qW auh vI ie`Qy ruky sI[mjnUM dy it`ly pws ie`k KUh vI mOjUd hY ij`Qy rwm rwey ny AOrMgzyb nUM krwmwqI SkqIAW (110)

idKweIAW [ieM\ ieiqhwsk p`KoN ieh jgHw kwPI pRis`D sI Aqy gurU swihbwn dy crn pYx kr ky BweI bGyl isMG ny gurduAwrw swihb hoNd iv`c ilAWdw[aunHW Awp ie`Qy bYT h`QIN kwr syvw kIqI ieiqhwsk q`QW Anuswr id`lI lu`tx smyN imilAw Dn bGyl isMG ny mjnUM dy it`ly iv`c r`iKAw sI[rqn isMG BMgU jI ilKdy hn[ pMjvoN JMfy hir ikRSn jI jih bhy[ jY isMG pro mD bMgly Ahy[ sgm BWq pMj fyhry Bey[ g`f JMfy pMj kVwh kr dey[(61) huqI qyg bhwdr jwgw doaU[ aupr msIq icx rKI QI soaU[ isMG jI khXo msIq hovY gr[qO fyhry bnwvYNgy Pyr (62) (pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS)

gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb DrmI jIEVy, gurU dy nUry, gurbwxI dy sUry Aqy bcnW dy pUry BweI bGyl isMG leI gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb dw inrmwx bVw hI AOkV BrpUr kMm sI[sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI dI Shwdq 11 nvMbr 1675 jo cWdnI cONk ivKy hoeI, auprMq aunHW dw sIs BweI jYqw jI ‘rMGrytw gurU kw bytw’ ie`k dm cu`k vwho-dwhI 300 mIl (500 iklomItr) dw s&r qYA kr ky AwnMdpur swihb phuMc igAw[pr gurU jI dw DV ShIdI vwlI QW ’qy hI ipAw sI[srkwr v`loN pihrydwr auQy qwienwq kIqy gey sn[ieiqhwsk vyrivAW Anuswr aus smyN AYsw J`KV hnHyrI vgI ik h`Q mwirAw vI idKweI nhIN sI dy irhw[gurU ikRpw sdkw BweI l`KI Swh vxjwrw Aqy aus dy pu`qr BweI ngwhIAw, ijhVy kw&I v`fy vpwrI sn, gurU swihb nwL aunHW dy sMbMD sn Aqy ShId BweI mnI isMG jI l`KI Swh dI spu`qrI bIbI sIqo nwL ivAwhy hoey sn, ny mOkw qwV ky PurqI nwl gurU jI dy DV nUM Awpxy g`fy ’c itkwieAw[auprMq Awpxy Gr dy iv`c bVy siqkwr nwl plMG ’qy itkw ky sskwr kr id`qw[sujwn is`KW ny gurU swihb dy Asq ie`k gwgr iv`c pw ky DrqI ’c d`b id`qy[l`KI Swh risAwnw (Raisaina) ipMf ’c rihMdy sn[A`j vI risAwnw rof mShUr hY ikauNik ies aup`r gurduAwrw rkwb gMj swihb siQ`q hY[rkwb gMj ies dw nW ies kr ky hY ik ies ipMf iv`c mugl &Oj dy GoiVAW dIAW rkwbW bxdIAW sn[B`t kySo ny siqgurW dI DV auTwaux bwry ieauN iliKAw hY[ (111)

clw clweI ho rhI g`f g`fy auKry myK[ lKI ngwhIAw lY cly qU Krw qmwSw dyK[ muglW ny is`KI inSwn imtwaux leI sskwr vwLI jgHw ’qy msIq bxw id`qI sI[jdoN BweI bGyl isMG ny muslmwnW nUM iek`Tw kr ky ikhw, ‘ieh piv`qr jgHw sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI nwl sMbMDq hY[ AsIN msIq Fwh ky ie`Qy gurduAwry dw inrmwx krnw hY qW ieh lok A`g dy BbUky vWg rOlw pwaux l`g pey Aqy c`lwey ik msIq nUM koeI Fwh nhIN skdw[ieh iek`Ty ho ky bwdSwh pws phuMc gey Aqy PurmwieAw: gyr msIqy ikm jIey, jihN bYs invwj pVHwie[63 hm jIvq ikm msIq igrn, dyNih ibnw idlI krvwey Qyh[(65) Bwv BwvyN id`lI Qyh ho jwvy ijauNdy jIA AsIN msIq nhIN Fwhux dyxI[(pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS) BweI bGyl isMG ny ieh rOLw-r`pw dyK jwx ilAw ik qurk dMgy &swd krngy[BweI swihb ny sunyhw Byj hor ^wlsw &oj id`lI pws bulw leI[qurkW nUM Purmwn jwrI kr id`qw ik ijs ny vI isMGW nwl lVweI dI hu`jq kIqI aus nUM mwr mukw idAWgy[auDroN bwdSwh ny qurkW nUM kih id`qw ik msIqW vwLIAW QwvW ’qy gurdvwry auswrn leI myrI ilKq bGyl isMG nwL hoeI hY, mYN ies qoN mu`kr nhIN skdw[vYrI nUM qwkq vrq ky hI nij`iTAw jw skdw hY[BweI bGyl isMG ny rOLw pwaux vwly mohrIAW nUM ie`Qy q`k kih id`qw ik msIq vwlI jgHw hyT gurU jI dIAW AsQIAW dI gwgr mOjUd hY[jykr ieh inSwnI nw inklI qW AsIN Awp ie`Qy msIq bxvw ky idAWgy[BweI swihb leI AYsy hwlwqW dI bVI AOKI qy prK vwlI GVI sI[AwKIr Syr idl XoDy ny msIq Fwhux sMbMDI kwgz ’qy ilKvw ilAw[[pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS iv`c drz hY: jo aun ilK qYN QI ilKI isMG sB ie`k QW kIn[ rwm idAwl idvwn h`Q Swh A`gY Dr dIn (73) dyK Swh bhu KuSIAW BXo[hmYN kwPr isMG iekly n kIE[ hmry sMg qum bhu imlvwey[Ab qurq dyvo jwie igrwey (74) bwdSwh dy hukm imldy hI isMGW ny QOiVAW, khIAW, s`blW Aqy gMDwilAW nwL do pihrW (qkrIbn 6 GMitAW) iv`c msIq dw nwmo(112)

inSwn im`tw id`qw[jYkwirAW dI gUMj iv`c inSwn swihb Julw id`qw Aqy dyg vrqweI geI[rqn isMG BMgU ilKdy hn: kr kVwh qihM isMGn bhu lXwie kr dIE vrqwie[ qurkn Gr sogy BXo AO isMGn mn suK pwie[(79) ieM\ bVI jldI isMGW nUM lgw ky gurduAwrw auswr id`qw[gurduAwrw rkwb gMj nvIN id`lI ’c pMq rof ’qy siQ`q hY Aqy pwrlImYNt dy swmHxy hY[ies dI AwlISwn iemwrq dy Awly-duAwLy suMdr lih lhwauNdy bwg hn[ies dy drSnW leI cwry pwsy gyt hn[

gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb gurduAwrw sIs gMj swihb sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI v`loN id`lI dy cWdnI cONk ivKy ihMdU Drm nUM bcwaux ^wqr id`qI Shwdq dw piv`qr AsQwn hY[AOrMgzyb bwdSwh ny siqgurW v`loN muslmwn Drm nw AKiqAwr krn dy ievz vjoN aunHW nUM kql krn dw hukm dy id`qw sI[ jdoN kSmIr qoN Awey 500 ihMdUAW dy j`Qy ny AwnMdpur Aw ky kMbdy h`QW, DVkdy idlW Aqy Clkdy nYxW nwl siqgurW A`gy ihMdU Drm bcwaux leI pukwr kIqI qW aunHW iehnW dI bWh PVI[siqgurW idlwsw dy ky ikhw, ‘id`lI dy bwdSwh nUM AwK idau ik jykr gurU qyg bhwdr is`K Drm C`f muslmwn bx jwvygw qW AsIN vI ieslwm kbUl kr lvWgy’[ijauN hI ihMdUAW ieh sunyhw bwdSwh nUM id`qw aus ny gurU jI nUM pkVn leI ispwhI Byj id`qy[gurU jI qW Awp hI pMj is`KW BweI mqI dws, BweI sqI dws, BweI idAwlw, BweI gurid`qw Aqy BweI audw jI nUM nwL id`lI v`l c`l pey sn[Awm dyiKAw hY ik kwql mkqUl kol c`l ky AwauNdw hY pr gurU jI ny aultI gMgw vhweI[Awgry ivKy bVy hI inAwry FMg nwL igRPqwrI id`qI[auQoN ienHW nUM id`lI ilAw ky ie`k hvylI jo kwPI icr qoN suM\I peI sI auQy f`k id`qw, frwvy Aqy qsIhy id`qy gey[gurU swihb ny BweI gurid`qy Aqy BweI audy nUM qW vwps AwnMdpur Byj id`qw sI[ AOrMgzyb ny pihlI mIitMg dOrwn siqgurW nUM ieslwm Dwrn krn ’qy zor pwieAw pr siqgurW ny nWh kr id`qI[dUjI mIitMg ’c bwdSwh ny ikhw, ‘quhwfw nW qyg bhwdr hY mYnUM qusIN qyg dy jOhr idKwau jW koeI krwmwq idKwau[ gurU swihb ny au~qr id`qw, “Swh jI! ies bwry qusIN (113)

Awp hI jwx jwauNgy pr AsIN krwmwq ’c ivSvws nhIN r`Kdy[ qIjI mIitMg ’c is`KW smyq gurU swihb nUM cWdnI cONk ivKy kql krn leI hukm kr id`qw[

cWdnI cOk cWdnI cOk aus smyN id`lI Sihr dy kyNdr iv`c sI Aqy Sihr dy Awly-duAwly kMD kIqI hoeI sI[ ies cONk iv`c ie`k suMdr qlwb bixAw hoieAw sI Aqy ies nUM 17 vIN sdI iv`c Swh jhwn bwdSwh ny bxvwieAw sI[ies qlwb dI rUp-ryKw Swh jhwn dI bytI jhwnAwrw ny iqAwr kIqI sI[qlwb dw pwxI rwq smyN cMdmRW dI cWdnI (roSnI) nwL cmkx kr ky ies cONk dw nW cWdnI cONk mShUr ho igAw[keI ieiqhwskwrW dy kQn Anuswr ies cONk kol qkrIbn 1520 gz (4560 Pu`t) Aqy 40 gz (120 Pu`t) lMbweI cOVweI vwlw bwzwr sI[ieQy cWdI dI KRIdo Prokq dw v`fw vpwr sI ies kwrn vI lok ies nUM cWdnI cONk kihMdy sn[ies bwzwr dIAW dukwnW vI ArD cMd (Half moon) dy Awkwr vwlIAW sn[ ies cONk dw rsqw lwl iklHy dy lwhOrI drvwzy qoN &qihpurI msjd vl jWdw sI Aqy dirimAwn dI nihr vI vgdI sI[lwhOrI drvwzy qoN koqvwlI q`k ‘aurdU bwzwr’ sI[cWdnI cONk qoN koqvwlI kol ‘jOhrI bwzwr’ Aqy cWdnI cONk qoN &qihpurI msjd q`k AMgryzI srkwr ny ies cONk iv`c GMtw Gr bxvw id`qw sI jo 1950 q`k mOjUd sI[sMn 1857 dy gdr dOrwn ies cONk dI bhuq qoV BMn hoeI sI[jwmw msjd vI ieQy nyVy hI suSoBq hY[ bwdSwh qW sMswrI qOr ’qy ienHW nUM BYBIq krn frwaux, dihlwaux Aqy sihmaux vwLy kMm kr irhw sI pr ieh prm hMs rUpI rUhW inrMkwrI klw nwL juVIAW hoeIAW sn[gurU swihb ny g`lbwq smyN vI AOrMgzyb nUM ieh icqwr id`qw sI: BY kwhUM ko dyq nh nh BYA mwnq Awn] (1429) gurU swihb kihMdy, “AOrMgzyb[qUM swnUM frwauxw cwhMunw hYN[ ieh is`KI jo gurU nwnk ny AwrMB kIqI hY ies AMdr pRBU dI pRymw BgqI vwLy is`K nw Awry dy dMidAW qoN, nw aubldIAW dygW ’c CwlW mwrn qoN Aqy (114)

nw hI A`g dIAW lptW qoN frn vwly hn[ienHW dI prK qUM A`KIN jykr nw vI dyKI qW kMnW nwl sux lvyNgw[” 10 mwrc 1675 nUM cWdnI cONk ivKy BweI mqI dws dy srIr ’qy Awrw clw ky jlwd ny doPWg kr id`qw, BweI sqI dws nUM rUM iv`c lpyt A`g lgw id`qI Aqy BweI idAwl dws (idAwlw jI) nUM aubldI dyg ’c bYTw ky ShId kr id`qw[ieM\ ienHW drsw id`qw ik gurU dy is`K qW dUjy Drm leI vI jwnW vwr idMdy hn, Awpxw Drm ieh ikvyN iqAwg skdy hn? BweI mqI dws, BweI sqI dws Aqy idAwl dws dI kurbwnI bwry B`t vhI mulqwnI isMDI ’c drz hY: ‘gYlo mqI dws, sqI dws byty hIrw nMd ky, poqy l`KI dws ky pVHpoqy iprwgw ky bMs goqm kw SwrsuqI Bwgvq goqry iC`br bwhmx mwry gey’[ ‘idAwl dws (mnI isMG dw v`fw Brw) mweI dws kw poqw, b`lU kw pVpoqw, mUlo kw, cMdrvMsI BwrdvwjI, goqr pMvwr, bMs bINJy rwauq jlhwnw, gurU gYloN, mghr sudI pMcmI sMmq sqrw sY bqIs ko id`lI cWdnI cONk ky mlhwn SwhI hukm gYl mwrw igAw[ Agly idn 11 mwrc 1675 nUM sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI nUM SwhI hukm Anuswr cWdnI cONk ivKy svyr vyly ilAWdw igAw[siqgurW ny KUh ’qy ieSnwn kIqw Aqy cONkI ’qy cOkVw mwr bYT gey[kwjI vI Aw igAw Aqy jlwd vI bulw ilAw[kwjI ny pwqSwh nUM iPr ikhw, “Ajy vI ieslwm kbUl kr lvo nhIN qW mOq leI iqAwr hovo[siqgurW au~qr id`qw,” kwjI swihb: icMqw qw kI kIjIAY jo AnhonI hoie] eyh mwrg sMswr ko nwnk iQr nhI koie](1427) siqgurW jlwd nUM ieh AwK ky ik BweI jdoN AsIN sIs JukwvWgy qUM qlvwr dw vwr kr leIN, pRBU dI pRymw BgqI ’c lIn ho gey[kuJ smW ip`CoN ijauN hI siqgurW sIs JukwieAw jlwd ny qlvwr clw swihbW dw sIs DV nwloN v`K kr id`qw[DrqI KUn vihx nwl lwlo lwL ho geI[ieh idl kMbwaU kwrnwmw q`k dyKx vwilAW dy dMd juV gey Aqy A&sosy mn nwL GrW nUM qur gey[pwp dI h`d q`k sUrj vI SrimMdw ho b`dlW auhly ho igAw, Awsmwn ny krvt leI A`q dw J`KV c`l ipAw (115)

Aqy mwnoN cVHI gihr vI gm drsw rhI sI[sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ipqw jI dI Shwdq bwry bic`qR nwtk ’c aucwirAw: TIkir Poir idlIis isir pRB pr kIXw pXwn] qyg bhwdr sI ikRAw krI n iknhUM Awn] qyg bhwdr ky clq BXo jgq ko sok] hY hY hY sB jg BXo jY jY jY surlok] (dsm gRMQ) BwvyN srdwr bGyl isMG jI jwxdy sn ik gurU jI dy kqlgwh dI QW cWdnI cONk kol hY, jdoN auh isMGW smyq cWdnI cONk pu`jy qW dyiKAw ik auQy msIq bxI hoeI hY Aqy msIq kol ie`k KUhI BI hY ikauNik ieh mhwn swkw 105 swl pihlW vriqAw sI Aqy qurkW ny Shwdq vwLI jgHw nUM Kurd vurd krn leI msIq bxw id`qI sI[pr AYsy AnoKy Aqy piv`qr AsQwn kdy gu`Jy nhIN rihMdy[auh jIvn dwqw ShIdW dIAW piv`qr QwvW nUM pRgt krn leI mhwn SKsIAqW nUM bl bKS ky sMswr ’qy ‘Byj idMdw hY[ BweI bGyl isMG nUM aus smyN ie`k swKW nW dI bu`FI mwSkn (water carrier using leather bag filled with water) imLI[aus ny d`isAw ik myrw A`bw pIr gurU qyg bhwdr jI dI Shwdq smyN auQy hwjr sI Aqy aus ny mYnUM kurbwnI vwLI jgHw bwry d`isAw sI[myry A`bw ny pIr nUM kql krn vwlI QW jo KUn nwl l`Q-p`Q hoeI peI sI nUM pwxI nwl Doqw sI[auh mwSkn srdwr nUM msIq koL lY geI Aqy ieSwry nwl shI QW d`sI[BMgU rqn isMG ShId AwpxI ikRq pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS ’c ilKdy hn: qo ie`k aUhw QI mwSkn prwnI[so isMG jI s`d p`CI isAwnI[ aunY khIN hm pqw bqweI[ihMdU pIr eIhW cONkI fsweI[(81) msIq kMD qihN aupr cOQweI[qihM siqgurU isr qyg lgvweI[ pUrb vl Qy muK kr bhy[lgI qyg isr Agy igr Aey[(82) jdoN isMGW ny msIq igrwaux leI iqAwrI kIqI qW qurk v`fI igxqI iv`c iek`qr ho JgVw krn l`g pey[mwr-mrweI q`k g`l phuMc geI Aqy ie`ky dm qurk bwdSwh kol gey[srdwr leI vI prK dI GVI sI Aqy mn iv`c ieh g`l GVI Aqy icqwrI ik ieh AsQwn bxwaux leI jykr pRwx vI dyx dI loV peI qW dy idAWgw[dUjy idn bwdSwh ny Awpxw vzIr ByijAw[ BweI bGyl isMG ny g`lbwq dOrwn (116)

vzIr nUM AwiKAw, “ShIdoN kI icqwauN sy ikAw ibhqr hY kwAbw”[AsIN hoey smJOqy Anuswr ieh jgHw hrigz bxwauxI hY[vzIr ny qurkW nUM AwiKAw, “JgVw nw kro, Awpxw jwn mwl bcwau”[ ieM\ aus ny kol Klo ky msIq dI kMD FuhweI[isMGW ny idnW iv`c hI sIs gMj gurduAwrw auswr id`qw[ieM\ srdwr bGyl isMG ny 8 ku mhIinAW iv`c 7 gurduAwry bxvw ky mhwn pMQk kwrj kIqw[ BMgU jI dy Sbd hn: m`D id`lI lXo dyhuro icxwie[sqmo JMfy iem dIE Julwie[ bjwey ngwry kVwh krwey[isK prsMn cqrPoN Awey [(56) srdwr bGyl isMG iem gF mwrw[rhUgw ipRQI aus nwm aujwrw[ AYsI krI aun gur kI kwr[pwaU jgw vih gur ky dÍwr[(57)

bGyl isMG vloN id`lI C`fxw ^wlsw qW s`c dw AlMbrdwr hY, kihxI krnI ’c prp`k, gurU dy bolW ’qy pihrw dyx vwlw, musIbqW ƒ mKOl krn vwlw, vYrIAW nUM nwgW dI qrHW fMgx vwLw, sUlI ’qy cVH ky Foly gwaux vwlw, PWsI dy r`sy cuMm ky jYkwry gjwaux vwLw, inrblW nUM gLy lwaux vwlw, isdk pwlx vwlw, zmIr nUM mu`K r`K kIqy bcnW nUM inBwaux vwlw hY[ieh Drm nUM inrmolk hIrw mMn bwdSwhIAW nUM Tokr mwr idMdw hY[ieM\ Drm dy somy (gurduAwry) auswr ky kIqy ilKqI vwAdy Anuswr nvMbr 1783 nUM srdwr bGyl isMG ny id`lI dy bwdSwh Swh Awlm (dUjy) nUM Sukrwny dw sMdyS ByijAw[ies sMdyS iv`c ieh vI ilK id`qw ik is`K &Oz dsMbr 1783 nUM id`lI qoN clI jwvygI[ bGyl isMG dw sMdyS pVH ky bwdSwh ny su`K dw swh ilAw Aqy soicAw ik AweI ibpqw tL geI hY[sUhIAW ny vI Swh Awlm nUM ^br id`qI ik is`KW dw muKI quhwfy leI idl AMdr v`fw siqkwr Aqy ipAwr rKdw hY[fwktr hrI rwm gupqw ilKdy hn ik id`lI ’c rihMidAW BweI bGyl isMG dI Swh Awlm nwL pihlW koeI vI imlxI nhIN sI hoeI[srdwr dw cMgw ruK sux bwdSwh ny Awpxw dUq sbzI mMfI, ij`Qy bGyl isMG dw itkwxw sI au~Qy ByijAw[aus dUq ny sunyhw id`qw ik bwdSwh slwmq quhwnUM imlxw cwhuMdy hn[BweI swihb ny au~qr iv`c AwiKAw, “swfI imlxI dI g`l muSkl lgdI hY”[dUq ny ikhw, (117)

“srdwr jI! bwdSwh jI quhwnUM imlx leI bVy auqsk hn”[ BweI bGyl isMG kihMdy, “vzIr swihb! pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik gurU dw isMG hox dy nwqy myrw isr iksy mugl dy A`gy nhIN Jukygw ikauNik bwdSwh nUM jw ky slwm krn vyly hor koeI Awpxw isr JukwauNdw hY[dUjI g`l hY mYN kdy vI ie`klw nhIN jwvWgw, myry nwL sYinkW dw dl jwvygw Aqy auh pUrI qrHW SsqrW nwL lYs hoxgy[qIjI Srq swfI ieh hY ik bwdSwh nUM imlx jwx smyN gLIAW jW rsiqAW iv`c koeI vI SihrI swnUM bolkbol nhIN bolygw Aqy GtIAw kwrvweI nhIN krygw, jykr iksy ny koeI mwnhwnI vwLI g`l kIqI qW swfy sYinkW nUM rokxw myry v`s qoN bwhrI g`l hovygI[ies qrHW auh SwhI dUq srdwr nUM iml ky lwl iklHy ’c phuMicAw Aqy imlxI dIAW SrqW vI bwdSwh A`gy pyS kIqIAW[bwdSwh dI hwlq aus smyN jMgl dy aunHW jwnvrW vrgI bxI hoeI sI ijs AMdr Syr dI dhwV sux auh GurinAW ’coN bwhr nhIN inkldy[bwdSwh ny soc ivcwr ky srdwr dIAW sB SrqW kbUl kr dUq nUM imlxI sMbMDI qRIk Aqy smW insicq krn leI kih id`qw[ SwhI dUq bwdSwh dw sMdyS lY ky BweI bGyl isMG kol phuMicAw[aus AwiKAw, “mIitMg dw smW Aqy idn d`so[AsIN quhwfy phuMcx vwLy rsqy ’qy imAwdI krw idAWgy ik koeI SihrI A`j GrW qoN bwhr nhIN inkl skdw Aqy GrW dy drvwjy bMd kr AMdr hI rihxgy[hor qW hor bu`cVW dIAW mIt dIAW dukwnW vI AsIN aus idn bMd krvw idAWgy”[AwKIr imlxI dw idn is`K srdwr dy hW krn ’qy qYA ho igAw[ bwdSwh nwL srdwr dI imlxI vwLy idn sUcnw dyx vwLy cobdwr Aqy imAwdI krn vwly sbzI mMfI, ij`Qy isMGW dI Tihr sI svyry hI phuMc gey[auDroN isMG srdwr vI suMdr bsqr Aqy Ssqr pihn iqAwr ho gey Aqy GoiVAW ’qy kwTIAW pw aunHW nUM KUB sjwieAw[hrI rwm gupqw AwpxI pusqk History of the Sikhs-Sikh Domination of the Mugal Empire (1764-1803) iv`c AMikq krdy hn ik is`KW dw dsqw BweI bGyl isMG dI kmwn hyT sbzI mMfI qoN quirAw[ies dy A`gy muglW dy hokw dyx vwLy au~cIAW AwvwzW iv`c bol rhy sn ik is`KW dw dl Aw irhw hY koeI bwhr nw inkly[ srdwr bGyl isMG pUrn qOr qy SsqrDwrI ho sjy hoey hwQI dy hONd ’qy bYTw sI Aqy ie`k is`K aus dy sIs ’qy mor (118)

dy KMBW dy bxy cor nwL cOr kr irhw sI[bGyl isMG dy hwQI dy A`gy Aqy ip`Cy isMGW dy dsqy jYkwry gjwauNdy c`l rhy sn[iPr swry GoiVAW Aqy hwQI smyq lwl iklHy AMdr dwKl ho gey[srdwr bGyl isMG Aqy aus dy cwr swQI ijnHW ’c s`dw isMG qy dulcw isMG vI Swml sI hyTW au~qry jd ik bwkI dy sYink auh GoiVAW ’qy hI svwr rhy[iPr auh swry dIvwn-ey-Awm ’c dwKl hoey[ sYinkW nUM GoiVAW ’qy svwr sjy rihx dw hukm vI isMGW dI rx nIqI sI ikauNik kI pqw bwdSwh Awpxy sYinkW qoN kdoN hmlw krvw dyvy[ muglW dy rihnumw ny Awpxy v`loN qwbydwrI idKweI, isMGW ny boly so inhwl siq sRI Akwl dy jYkwry gjwey[prDwn mMqRI ny srdwr bGyl isMG nUM Aqy aus dy swQI srdwrW nUM kursIAW ’qy bYTwieAw[swmHxy Swh Aqy kcihrI ’c ihMdU qurk bYTy sn[Swh dy kihx ’qy ihMdU vzIrW ny isMGW nUM &qih bulweI[isMGW v`loN bwdSwh nUM qIr kmwn ByNt kIqw[ies sMbMDI BMgU jI dy Sbd hn: isMG jI Swhy kmwn idvweI[leI Swih duie h`Q auTweI[ KYr KrIAq bhu puCI piqSwh[krI g`ly joaU dosqI rwih[ bwdSwh v`loN srdwr bGyl isMG nUM kImqI iK`lq ByNt kIqI ijs iv`c ie`k hwQI suMdr AMbwrI nwL sijAw hoieAw, ie`k vDIAw nsl dw GoVw Aqy ie`k hIirAW nwl jiVAw hwr Swml sI[iesy qrHW nwL dy srdwrW nUM vI qoh&y id`qy gey[ienHW qoN ielwvw srdwr bGyl isMG nUM id`lI dI ku`l cUMgI dw 12.5 pRqISq ih`sw hr swl ClONdI ivKy jo aus dw sdr mukwm (Head quarter) hY ies Srq ’qy phuMcw idAw krWgy ik qusIN id`lI ’qy muV hmlw nhIN kroNgy[ ieiqhwsk q`Q ieh vI drswauNdy hn ik bwdSwh ny KuS ho ky bGyl isMG dy nW 12 eykV zmIn vI luAw id`qI sI ijs iv`c pwrlImYNt hwaUs vgYrw bxy hoey hn pr smyN dIAW srkwrW ny ieh sB ieiqhwsk q`Q imtw id`qy[ bGyl isMG Aqy srdwrW ny id`lI C`fx smyN KuSI dy ngwry bjwey Aqy gurU SbdW dy au~cI au~cI AvwzW iv`c qrwny gwey[ aus smyN iek`qr hoey lokW nUM imTweI pul ’qy imiTAweI vMfI[ kihMdy ny bGyl isMG imiTAweI Kwx dw bhuq SOkIn sI[ id`lI Sihr iv`c ho rhI hr FoAwFuAweI ies pul qoN dI lMGdI sI[ iesy pul ’qy cuMgI kr augwihAw jWdw sI[ bGyl isMG ny ies dy nzdIk bhuq swrIAW imiTAweI vwLIAW (119)

dukwnW KulvweIAW[ vDIAw imiTAweI iqAwr krn vwilAW nUM ienwm vI id`qy jWdy sn[ ieiqhws iv`c ieh vI drz hY ik cuMgI dyx vwly hr ie`k vpwrI, g`fy, ryVHy, tWgy Awid vwLy nUM imiTAweI vI KuAweI jWdI sI[ lokW ny ies pul dw nW ‘bGyl isMG imTweI puL’ r`K id`qw[ ieh puL A`j vI purwxI id`lI dy rylvy stySn koL mOjUd hY[ ies koL kuqb rof Aqy Awzwd mwrkIt rof imLdI hY[ A`j klH ies puL hyT dI ryl dIAW do lweInW lMGdIAW hn[ BMgU rqn isMG ShId jI ilKdy hn ik bGyl isMG ny id`lI C`fx auprMq isMGW smyq sRI hirmMdr swihb dy srovr ’c ieSnwn kr siqgurW dw DMnvwid kIqw[ rqn isMG BMgU Anuswr: TwxW id`lI bhwih iPr piqSwho CXwnI ilKwie[ sRI AMimRqsr icq ieSnwn Dr muV piVE iqs hI rwih[ so srdwr bGyl isMG kRoVisMGIAw imsl dw jrnYl ie`k mhwn mrd sI[ ieh gurU dy ieSk dw bdr munIr, roSn zmIr Aqy ^wlsy dI qsvIr Aqy qkdIr dw mwno GwVw sI[ ies dy kIqy mhwn kwrnwimAW kwrn hI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dw is`K rwj hoNd iv`c AwieAw[ ies dI bhwdrI bwry ilKxw bxdw hY[ Syr vWg g`jxw, vYrI dy sIny v`jxw, gurU dy isMG dw kwj sI[ rx iv`coN kdy nhIN B`jxw, Eie myirAw s`jxw ieh aus dw nwd sI[ idl Cpwxw Awpxw qy idl ihlwxw vYrI dw, ieh aus dw ivsmwd sI[ JMfw auTwxw pMQ dw ’qy Sbd gwauxw gurU gRMQ dw, iehI bGyl isMG dw rwj sI[ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dI bwxI AMdr AYsy gurmuK ipAwry leI AMikq hY: DMnu su vMs, DMnu su ipqw, DMnu su mwqw ijin jn jxY[ (ññóõ)

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pusqk pRmwx ikrpwl isMG nwrMg (1968) pMjwb dw ieiqhws (1500-1858)[ XU.sI. kpUr AYNf snz, kSmIrI gyt id`lI[ igAwnI igAwn isMG (1987) pMQ pRkwS[ BwSw ivBwg pMjwb, pitAwlw[ sMq ikrpwl isMG (1980) jPrnwmw stIk pRkwSk BweI cqr isMG jIvn isMG bwzwr mweI syvW, AMimRqsr[ BMgU rqn isMG ShId (1914) pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS[sMpwidq pdm BUSx fw.

BweI vIr isMG (1982), pRkwSk SYkspIAr Awrt pRYs 12 gurU nwnk purw rylvy ilMk rof AMimRqsr, mhW isMG mnyjr, Kwlsw smwcwr, AMimRqsr[ ipAwrw isMG pdm (1963) sMKyp is`K ieiqhws (1569-1689) klm mMidr, pitAwlw[ muhMmd lqIP (1994) pMjwb dw ieiqhws (2) Anuvwdk gurmuK isMG gurmuK, pRkwSk qyijMdr bIr isMG, lwhOr buk Swp, nyVy suswietI isnmw, luiDAwxw[ ikrpwl isMG (1995) is`K ieiqhws dy ivSyS p`K[Drm pRcwr kmytI, pRkwSk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr[ divMdr isMG du`gl (2012) is`K kMOm dw Swndwr ivrsw[ Drm pRcwr kmytI, pRkwSk SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr[ is`K imSnrI kwlj (rij.) luiDAwxw (2001) s. j`sw isMG rwmgVHIAw[ pRkwSk is`K imSnrI kwlj, luiDAwxw(5), 1051 kUcw ngr, PIlf gMj, luiDAwxw[ svrnjIq isMG (1996) srdwr bGyl isMG jI[ pusqk pRm`uK is`K SKsIAqW, pMnw 149-51 sMpwdk rUp isMG, Drm pRcwr kmytI, sRI AMimRqsr[ mnmohn bwvw (2011) bGyl isMG[ nwvl 1857 id`lI, pMnw 132-165, pRkwSk: lok gIq pRkwSn sYktr 34 ey, cMfIgVH[

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Bhagat Singh (1993). A History of Sikh Misals, Published by Bureau Punjabi University, Patiala.

Tarlochan Singh (1977). The Turband and the Sword of the Sikhs.

Essense of Sikhism. Printed by Chattar Singh and Jiwan Singh, Bazar Mai Sewan, Amritsar.

Hari Ram Gupta (2007). History of the Sikhs, Evoluation of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69). Published by Munshiram Manoharlal, Pvt. Ltd, Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi.

Hari Ram Gupta (2009). History of the Sikhs, Sikh Domination of the Mugal Empire (1764-1803). Published by Munshiram and Manoharlal, Pvt, Ltd. Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi.

Major Hery Court (1988). History of the Sikhs. Printed by National Book Shop, Chandni Chock, Delhi G.S. Randhir, Sikh Shrines in India. Published by Director Publications Division Ministory of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, Patiala House, New Delhi.

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