Graduation Project 2020

GRADUATION PROJECT PRODUCT DESIGN (BACHELOR OF DESIGN)

Vol. 1 of 1 Project Title:

Design a Personal Portable Light plus Mosquito repellent solution to enhance the living experience in absence of electricity.

Name:

Siddhesh Dumbre (UA1620196) Project Mentor:

Sagar Joshi

2020

The Graduation Project Evaluation Jury recommends SIDDHESH DUMBRE from PRODUCT DESIGN for the Bachelor’s Graduation Degree of Unitedworld Institute of Design, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India herewith, for the project titled To

Design a Personal Portable Light plus Mosquito repellent solution to enhance the living experience in absence of electricity.. The project is complete in every aspect in accordance to the guidelines set by the institution.

Chairperson

Members

Signature

Name

Organization

Signature

Name

Organization

Signature

Name

Organization

Signature

Name

Organization

*Subsequent remarks regarding fulfilling the requirements

COPYRIGHT Š 2018

Student document publication, meant for private circulation only.

All rights reserved.

No part of this document will be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including photocopying, xerography, photography and videography recording without written permission from the publisher, Siddhesh Dumbre and Unitedworld Institute of Design. All Illustrations and photographs in this document are Copyright Š 2018 by respective people and organizations.

Written and designed by Siddhesh Dumbre, under the guidance of Sagar Joshi.

Printed digitally in Name the Place March, 2020.

4

ORIGINALITY STATEMENT

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and it contains no full or substantial copy of previously published material, or it does not even contain substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgment is made in this degree project. Moreover I also declare that none of the concepts are borrowed or copied without due acknowledgment. I further declare that the intellectual content of this degree project is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.

This degree project (or part of it) was not and will not be submitted as assessed work in any other academic course.

I hereby grant the Unitedworld Institute of Design the right to archive and to make available my degree project/thesis/dissertation in whole or in part in the Institutes’s Knowledge Management Centre in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act. I have neither used any substantial portions of copyright material in any document nor have I obtained permission to use copyright material.

Student Name in Full: Date:

Student Name in Full: Signature: Date:

5

CONTENT

01

02

03

About

Introduction

Research

UID

Design Brief

Field Research

Future Factory

Plan of action

Surveys

Student

Introduction to Mosquitos

Personas

Mentors

Finalising Context Contextual Research Repellents Competitor study

Page no. 8-11

6

Page no. 12-19

Page no. 20-59

04

05

06

Development

Final Product

References

Working of vaporisers

Final CAD model

Making it work with DC supply

Final renders

Links to webites used for research purposes

Intital and final prototypes

Orthography

Contextual Renders

Initial Concept sketches Usability Chart CAD explorations

Page no. 60-89

Page no. 90-97

Page no. 97-100

7

ABOUT UID

Unitedworld Institute of Design (UID) has been built on teaching, learning, innovative and research excellence in design education.

It offers a diverse range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs in the area of design. These programs are designed with strong professional emphasis and in close partnership with industry. Every course has been structured to deliver insights into the importance of individual and collective creativity, be it theoretical assessment, design practice, curatorial evaluations or artistic considerations. UID strives to ensure that each student can maximize this insight and be able to challenge them to reach their highest potential as an artist, designer and entrepreneur. Each programme by course work leads to the award of bachelors and masters degree respectively, along with professional excellence.

UID’s continuous growth trajectory is reflected in a number of students selecting it for their skill enhancement. As you will discover, UID is truly an Indian institution that takes great pride in its cultural diversity. It’s a matter of pride for UID to have internationally acclaimed academicians who have been part of pioneering design education in India since early 70’s.Unitedworld Institute of Design is affiliated to Karnavati University, Gandhinagar. image courtesy © Mahendra Patel.

10

8

We were born of the need to be remarkable, to push the boundaries of what is possible.

Today, we are a multidisciplinary, eclectic group working in the overlap of technology, business and users to create truly remarkable user experiences. Affiliated to the billion dollar Godrej Group, we operate globally but are still as agile as we were two decades ago.

We house some of the best talent in Asia to deliver world class design and innovation.

Over the past two decades, our work has had the unique distinction of winning the most comprehensive list of globally coveted awards across Europe, US and Asia.

We have been awarded over 15 patents and recently cemented our position at the forefront of design, on winning 9 global design awards in a single year, including the prestigious Red Dot Design Award.

9

A Product Design student. I’ve grown as a passive thinker, determined to learn and seek insights from what the journey has to deliver. I love creating meaningful experiences in harmony to the ecosystem. Through my learning, I wish to put forward my contributions and add value to this field.

10

MENTORS

Mr. Sagar Joshi

Mr. Anirban Maiti

Asst. Professor

Asst. Lead Indusrial Designer at Future factory

As an Mechanical Engineer turned Product Designer and from my experience in Furniture/ medical design projects, I believe I have good knowledge of plastic injection moulding, plastic roto molding, sheet metal processing and other manufacturing processes, I also have softwares skill in 3D modelling and rendering softwares like Rhino, Solidworks, Fusion 360, Keyshot and Photoshop.

Experience so far at UID has helped me, hone my people skills, my guiding ability and my quick thinking, as I have work on vast number projects along with my students. Most of the times I have been successful at guiding the student project to market ready stage, where many students have opted for converting the project into a start-up, with the help of newly formed Incubation centre here at UID.

Strongly passionate about User centric Industrial Design with all the relevant details for development and manufacturing. Also love to handle team of interdisciplinary people to come out with out of the box ideas and to finish project right on time!

In Future Factory I got opportunities to design different home appliances from scratch to end which include several Water Purifiers for domestic purposes, Ceiling Fans, Air Conditions under tight deadlines which enhanced both my design and management skills with respect to current business trends.

11

Design Brief

To Design a Personal Portable Light plus Mosquito repellent solution to enhance the living experience in absence of electricity.

This project was more focused on the ‘How would it work’ aspect in comparison to the research part because the brief is pretty straight forward in itself.

12

The Initial goal was finding the most suitable context for the product to be used in according to the brief.

As the brief goes, Developing an entirely new method of repelling mosquitoes required chemical level interventions which is very innovative. Due to lack of resources and deviation from my line of profession, It was not suggested by Company mentors to choose that direction, instead choose existing methods and work around it.

Plan of action 1. Study current mosquito repelling measures 2. Shortlist the most effective and sustainable measure 3. Search for areas with frequent mosquito infestation 4. Study present market light sources.

5. study spaces with electricity issues or light issues 6. Understanding both of these circumstances and Finding a middle-ground where both of the scenarios co-exist for optimum use of the product.

13

Mosquitoes These are small, flying insects that exist across the globe, with thousands of known species.

Mosquitoes comprise a group of about 3,500 species of small insects that are flies (order Diptera). Within Diptera they constitute the family Culicidae (from the Latin culex meaning “gnat”). The word “mosquito” (formed by mosca and diminutive -ito)is Spanish for “little fly” Thousands of mosquito species feed on the blood of various hosts — vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and some fish; along with some invertebrates, primarily other arthropods. This loss of blood is seldom of any importance to the host.

While some are more likely to bite human beings than others, a majority of them, especially the females, are carriers of diseases.

These can cause irregularities in normal wellbeing. mosquitoe breeding

Mosquito dangers?

When a mosquito bites, the saliva of this insect causes redness, swelling, and itching to the human. However, that’s not it. It will be transmitted to the next person if the mosquito bites an infected person before that. Mosquitoes are the cause of hundreds of diseases. The most common mosquito diseases in India include Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and a few others.

They have far-reaching effects and can also turn out to be fatal in extreme cases. So, you can see how vital it is to create an antimosquito society. The reported number of deaths due to mosquito diseases in India is slowly on the rise. With the monsoons now upon us, we all need to learn how to keep mosquitoes away and flush out potential mosquito breed sites.

Tropical countries like Brazil, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, and Australia are reported to be home to the most species of mosquitoes. However, India has always been high on the list of most deaths due to mosquito-related diseases. You can find these

14

parasites everywhere, right from homes to cinema halls to streets to offices and everywhere else possible. As per a recent

study, the city of Mumbai is reported to be the most active mosquito location in the country.

While the city is one of the most developed ones in India, it is clearly putting its population in danger. It’s allowing mosquito breeding and its population falling prey to these diseases spread by these insects.

Mosquitoes are important vectors of diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile, dengue fever, filariasis, Zika and other arboviruses. By transmitting diseases, mosquitoes cause the deaths of more people than any other animal taxon: over 700,000 each year and almost half of the people who have ever lived.

The World Health Organisation estimates that 725,000 people are killed each year by mosquito-born diseases. A staggering 200 million people are at least temporarily incapacitated by malaria alone, of which 600,000 die.

Dengue fever, yellow fever and encephalitis are also deadly diseases carried by mosquitoes.

15

Mosquito-related statisitcs in India: •

During the period of 1998–2009, 82,327 dengue cases were reported (incidence: 6.34 per million population). During a more recent period of 2010–2014, 213,607 cases were reported (incidence: 34.81 per million population)

•

The number of official mosquito related deaths in India in 2015 – 384.

•

The number of official mosquito related deaths in India in 2016 – 331. The actual numbers may be much higher.

•

According to the World Malaria Report 2016, India contributed 89% to malaria reports in the South-East Asia region.

•

The National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Malaria Elimination (2017-22) would need funds to the tune of Rs 10,653 crore to get rid of Malaria from the country.

“If you can’t stop mosquito breeding, you can’t prevent the disease from spreading.”

The big metros have more and more people within the same infrastructure. This creates more waste, which is rarely ever disposed of properly. That is the main reason why these cities become good mosquito breeding areas.

16

Top mosquito infected cities in the country:

17

Absence of electricity

can mean frequent Power cuts or a place that runs with the help of alternative energy/Personal light source. • •

Areas with frequent powercuts. (focusing on areas with possible larger audience) Outdoor Activities/professions

Places with frequent power cuts include rural areas, followed by tier 3 cities.

As per media reports, there are about 8 Tier I cities, 26 Tier II cities, 33 Tier III cities and over 5,000 Tier IV towns, while there are more than 638,000 villages in the country.

18

Share of villages with electricity in rural areas across India from 2001 to 2017 with a speculation of 2019

Rural electrification While most households in urban areas in India use electricity as a main source of lighting, only about half of the rural households had access to electricity in 2011. The efforts toward rural electrification began in the 1960s, with success in the recent years. One of the recent government projects launched in September 2017, the Saubhagya scheme or Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana aimed to provide electricity to all households in the country. Each household was provided with one LED light and a DC power plug including repair and maintenance of meter for five years.

Electricity generation

Approximately 90 percent of villages in India were estimated to be electrified in 2019. Rural areas and country sides are also known as villages in India.

With various sources of power generation, most of the country’s electricity generation is from coal-based thermal power plants. The Vindhyachal thermal power station in Madhya Pradesh is the biggest thermal power plant and is owned by National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), a state-owned enterprise.

19

After looking at the Geographical aspect of electricity issues above, following is another direction to this problem :

Questionnaire 1. What job do you do?

2. What are your usual working hours?

lack of electricity or as the brief goes, need of a light source can also be seen in Urban areas mainly in the form of professions and not basic amenity like electrciity as a whole.

3. Do you face Mosquito issues at your work place? (Yes/No) 4. What areas on the body they bite the most?

5. What measures do you take to deal with them?

6. What are the issues you face with the current measures you use?

(as I myself am in a city and geography is a boundary for my user research) There are rarely any electricity issues but there are still spaces with less light (outdoors) or professions that require carrying light at a specific time (outdoor professions).

7. Are you familiar with personal mosquito repellent products? (Yes/No) 8. Can you name a few?

9. Is your work place well lit up?

10. What do you use as your light source?

11. Do you carry it with you? (Yes/no)

A survey was conducted in the city to find such professions and following were the questions asked.

20

12. Is your light source : (Electricity based/battery)?

13. How long does the battery last?

21

Summary of all the responses :

Drivers

22

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Only when Resting

•

Measures : Swing hands, incense or move to a better area

•

Issues : Suffocation

•

Work place : Vehicle

•

Light source : in-built LED lights

•

Based on : Vehicle Battery (Dynamo Based)

•

Earnings : Rs. 11,000 approx

Security Guards.

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Evening.

•

Measures : Swinging hands, Issues : None

•

Work place : Cabin and outside Cabin

•

Light source : Street lights + Cabin Light. (tube light)

•

Torch as utility tool

•

Based on : Electricity + Battery (torch)

•

Earnings : < Rs. 15,000

23

Workers/ Labourers

24

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Evening.

•

Measures : Swinging hands, Incense, leave by evening.

•

Issues : None

•

Work place : Workshop

•

Light source : Workshop Lights.

•

Torch as utility tool

•

Based on : Electricity + Battery (torch)

•

Earnings : < Rs.10,000

Asst.

Engineer

Metro Labourers •

Mosquito infestation : Minor, Evening.

•

Measures : None, leave in the evening.

•

Issues : None

•

Work place :Construction sites

•

Light source : LED bulbs

•

Based on : Electricity

•

Earnings : < Rs. 10,000

•

Mosquito infestation : None

•

Measures : None

•

Issues : None

•

Work place : Construction sites (Cabin)

•

Light source : Tube lights and LED bulbs at sites.

•

Based on : Electricity

•

Earnings : Rs. 40,000

25

Bus Stops (Conductor and People)

26

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Evening.

(Commuters)

•

Measures : None (Commuters)

•

Issues : None because waiting time isn’t much. (Commuter )

•

Work place : Bus (conductor)

•

Light source : Bus Lights

•

Based on : Electricity

•

Earnings : Rs. 25,000

People going Parks/Gardens

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Evening.

•

Measures: Odomos

•

Issues : None

•

Light source : Garden Light poles, Street lights.

•

Based on : Electricity

27

Paan shops

28

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Evening.

•

Measures : Incense

•

Issues : None

•

Work place : Shop

•

Light source : Street lights + Bulb, CFL.

•

Based on : Electricity

•

Earnings : < Rs. 17,000

Street Vendors

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Evening.

•

(Move wherever there is street light)

•

Measures : Incense, burn ‘Puttha’

•

Earnings : < Rs. 15,000

•

Issues : None

Chaabi wala

•

Work place : Their stall/cart

Barber etc.

•

Light source : Street lights + LED

•

Based on : Electricity, Battery

Fruit/vegetable vendors

29

Street Vendors (Outdoor Eating spaces/stalls)

•

Mosquito infestation : Yes, Evening.

•

Measures : Incense

•

Issues : None

•

Work place : Stalls

•

Light source : Street lights and LED Bulbs

•

Based on : Electricity (street lights) + Battery (LED bulbs)

•

Earnings : ~ Rs. 13,000

30

Narrowing down to the context.

Why no Paan Shops?

Why no Bus conductors and daily commuters?

Most Paan shops are situated in a small cubicle with basic amenities present which also includes electricity and a plug board. This destroys the purpose of the brief.

Although, some paan shops are also situated in the open and this category of paan shops fall under Street vendor as well.

Bus conductors spend most of their time in bus while at their job. As per the responses, they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t face mosquito issues since the bus is always moving. Daily commuters are also moving constantly facing no mosquito issues while commuting. Besides, there are gel based products available in the market for such scenarios.

Of all the responses recieved, A few suitable ones were shortlisted and personas were made.

31

BIO Ramprasad Yadav is a Truck driver for ‘Packers and Movers’. Managing work and Personal life with his Menial job is his biggest challenge.

Aspirations/needs •

Earn enough to sustain family and living

•

A good work-life balance.

•

Spend more time with loved ones.

Frustrations •

Income is not fixed which sometimes doesn’t suffice.

•

Health Issues due to less physical activity and environment.

Occupation : Driver

•

Mosquitos flying around when vehicle is parked.

Income : < Rs.15,000

•

Incense doesn’t last long

Name : Ramprasad Yadav Age : 45

32

BIO Govind Gupta is a security guard for a Corporate company. He has a family in Uttar Pradesh. He feels he is underpaid for the time he puts in his job.

Aspirations/needs •

At least a weekly off.

•

Increase in Income.

•

A better Job to look after his family

Frustrations •

Paying off the loans

•

Monotonous Job.

Name : Govind Gupta

•

People ill-treating us.

Age : 36

•

Rarely gets time to go back home due to no holidays and travel expenses.

•

Mosquito bites under table. Incense has strong smell

Occupation : Security Guard Income : < Rs.12,000

33

BIO Bhalerao Deshmukh is a farmer and a great salesman himself. He harvests and sells his crop in the weekly market. He is proud of his culture and values he abides by despite the hardships in his life.

Aspirations/needs •

To create a business out of his farm work and earn more.

•

To admit his son in University for higher education.

Frustrations Name : Bhalerao Deshmukh

•

Less man power for Farm work and Cattle.

Age : 51

•

Paying off loans to build a Pakka house

Occupation : Farmer

•

Power cuts

Income : <20,000

•

Mosquito bites in the evening.

34

BIO Alam Farooq is a workshop labourer for ‘Engineering Solutions’. He helps his father by earning and managing household needs.

Aspirations/needs •

A bigger workshop to explore more.

•

High paying engineering company

•

Get a stable job and get married.

Frustrations •

I’m into bad habits, hence managing money is tough.

•

Release of Harmful substances while working, No proper safety equipments.

•

Working with tools for 8 hours is a tedious job.

Occupation : Farmer

•

Underpaid.

Income : <20,000

•

Mosquitoes flying around.

Name : Bhalerao Deshmukh Age : 51

35

BIO Jayantibai is a loving grandmom. She loves spending time with family and going to Parks.

She learns something new everyday from her grandsons.

Aspirations/needs •

To see her grandson’s Wedding

•

Stay healthy

•

Spend more time with family

Frustrations Name : Jayantilal Age : 68 Occupation : Retired

36

•

Certainty of getting sick due to age.

•

Mosquito making annoying noises whilst going to park

BIO Romil Barodia is an adventure sport Enthusiast. He likes travelling and exploring new places nearby. He is in search of new thrills in his life.

Aspirations/needs •

Wishes to Climb Everest one day

•

Visit all the famous terrains in the world

Frustrations •

More high paying job to Fulfil his dreams

Name : Romil Barodia

•

Unexpected bad weather

Age : 27

•

People around are loud

Occupation : Software engineer

•

Mosquitoes buzzing around making annoying noise.

Income : Rs. 50,000

37

BIO Anandit Pandey is a full time grocery seller. He sets up his stall at Borivli Vegetable Market. He aims to provide the healthiest of fruits and vegetables because he believes Food is Annadaata.

Aspirations/needs •

A better paying job

•

Wishes to have his own vegetable market.

•

Best Education for his son

Frustrations Name : Anandit Pandey Age : 47 Occupation : Grocer

•

E-commerce sites like Big basket stealing his customers

•

Mosquitoes during the evening. Flees away the customers

•

No guaranteed sales.

Income : Rs. 16,000 Approx.

38

Why Street Vendors?

Amongst all the opportunity areas to work with, the final Product would be made in the context of street vendors.

The context of street vendors is very vast comparatively. Designing for street vendors would also create a larger impact.

Designing for masses. (keeping in mind the product mechanism restrictions and max effiiciency)I personally found it interesting to go ahead with this context because unlike any other place or profession, this small time job can get affected by mosquito infestation, apart from the vendor falling sick, people buying and using their goods can get sick too and due to this infestation, the sales of their goods could also vary.

Because a place with better hygiene and same goods would sell more than a place with less hygiene and goods breathing in that hygiene . The final product remains true to the brief and can be used at any place with mosquito issues and need of light source irrespective of any specific context.

It caters to a plethora of opportunites with MINOR Design changes according to a s pecific context given)

39

40

Street Vendors Street vendors have been in existence since ancient times. In all civilisations, ancient and

medieval, one reads accounts of travelling merchants who not only sold their wares in the town by going from house to house but they also traded in neighbouring countries. Perhaps ancient and medieval civilisations were tolerant to these wandering traders and that is why they flourished. In modern times we find that street vendors are rarely treated with the same measure of dignity and tolerance. They are targeted by municipalities and police in the urban areas as illegal traders, the urban middle class complains constantly on how these vendors make urban life a living hell as they block pavements, create traffic problem and also engage in anti-social activities (though more often than not, the same representatives of middle class prefer to buy from street vendors as the goods they sell are cheaper though the quality is as good as those in the overpriced departmental stores and shopping malls).

For most street vendors, trading from the pavements is full of uncertainties. They are constantly harassed by the authorities. The local bodies conduct eviction drives to clear the pavements of these encroachers and in most cases confiscate their goods. A municipal raid is like a cat and mouse game with municipal workers chasing street vendors away while these people try to run away and hide from these marauders. Confiscation of their goods entails heavy fines for recovery. In most cases it means that the vendor has to take loans from private sources (at exorbitant interests) to either recover whatever remains of his confiscated goods or to restart his business. Besides these sudden raids, street vendors normally have to regularly bribe the authorities in order to carry out their business on the streets. All these mean that a substantive income from street vending is spent on greasing the palms of unscrupulous authorities or to private money lenders. In fact in most cases street vendors have to survive in a hostile environment though they are service providers.

41

Who are street vendors?

A street vendor is broadly defined as a person who offers goods for sale to the public at large without having a permanent built up structure from which to sell. Street vendors may be stationary in the sense that they occupy space on the pavements or other public/private spaces or, they may be mobile in the sense that move from place to place by carrying their wares on push carts or in baskets on their heads. In this essay, the term street vendor includes stationary as well as mobile vendors and it incorporates all other local/region specific terms used to describe them.

42

There is substantial increase in the number of street vendors in the major cities around the world, especially in the developing countries of Asia, Latin America and Africa.

We have identified two main causes for the growth of street vending in these countries.

Firstly, lack of gainful employment coupled with poverty in rural areas has pushed people out of their villages in search of a better existence in the cities. These migrants do not possess the skills or the education to enable them to find better paid, secure employment in the formal sector and they have to settle for work in the informal sector. Secondly, there is another section of the population in these countries who are forced to join the informal sector. These are workers who were employed in the formal sector. They lost their jobs because of closures, down-sizing or mergers in the industries they worked in and they or their

family members had to seek low paid work in the informal sector in order to survive. Both causes are directly related to globalisation.

The Government of India has used the term â&#x20AC;&#x2122;urban vendorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as inclusive of both traders and service providers, stationary as well as mobile, and incorporates all other local/region specific terms used to describe them, such as, hawker, pheriwalla, rehri-patri walla, footpath dukandars, sidewalk traders, and more.

According to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, there are 10 million street vendors in India, with Mumbai accounting for 250,000, Delhi has 450,000,[7] Kolkata, more than 150,000, and Ahmedabad, 100,000. Most of them are immigrants or laidoff workers, work for an average 10â&#x20AC;&#x201C;12 hours a day, and remain impoverished.

Contribution of Vendors in Selected Cities

Average Earnings of Vendors

43

Mosquito Repellent Mosquito repellents are substances that are designed to make surfaces unpleasant or unattractive to mosquitos. They typically contain an active ingredient that repels mosquitos as well as secondary ingredients, which aid in delivery and cosmetic appeal. They are available in many forms, from creams to lotions to oils, but are most often sold as aerosol products.

Repellents containing ingredients such as diethyl phthalate, diethyl carbate; N, N-Diethyl-3-Methylbenzamide (DEET), metofluthrin, oil of lemon-eucalyptus, picaridin and ethyl hexanediol. For more than 50 years, DEET has been the gold standard in mosquito repellents. Check the label for these active ingredients.

Repellents do not kill mosquitoes and other insects, but they will help deter them from biting people.

Every year millions of people get affected by malaria resulting in a million deaths. To kill mosquitoes and prevent their spread, there are several approaches such as killer spray, oils, coils, machines perfumes, etc.

44

Types As there are lots of mosquitos repellents available to choose from, we do not always need to rub and spray to protect ourselves from mosquitoes and insects.

Spray Repellents Spray repellents are quite common and are used mostly on surfaces like walls, clothes or skin. Spray repellents with their high concentrations of DEET (diethyl-metatoluamide) are very effective for several hours even after walking around in spaces with hundreds of mosquitoes.

Lotion and Cream repellents Cream and lotion repellents can be applied directly to the skin and such types of creams or lotion based repellents form good solution in combination with repellent clothing. These repellents can be found in natural solutions that have little smell.

Mosquito Repellent Devices

Natural mosquito repellents

Mosquito repellent devices emit a fragrance by burning repellent stuff and these repellents include coils, candles and ThermaCell products. Coils and candles have low effectiveness, but ThermaCell products are very effective for camping, picnics etc.

Natural mosquito repellents work best, whereas DEET based mosquito repellent do not work as such because many research studies have proved that the main element in mosquito repellents often leave bad odor. Apart from this, chemical based repellents like DEET damage brain cells and also cause behavioral changes. Scientists have also observed that such repellents may damage and cause cellsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; death in animals after prolonged exposure to DEET. Other research studies have found that up to 15% of DEET is observed directly through the skin and into the blood. In view of all such findings, there is no need for people to suffer from longterm health related consequences of chemical-based mosquito repellents as the natural mosquito repellents are the

best and work efficiently than DEET. Natural mosquito repellents include catnip, citronella, garlic, lavender, Neem oil, organic soy oil, lotus and black pepper. Mix 30 drops of essential oils they are catnip, citronella, lavender, neem oil and black pepper into 30ml of moisturizer and Rub a small portion of it onto the skin.

45

Mosquito Killer Machines

Mosquito Killer Racket

Smoke based repellents

This Mosquito killer lamp is equipped with photocatalyst UV lights looming over the sturdy plastic body. Attracted by the irresistible lights mosquitoes go near the lamp and are sucked inside by a fan that also prevents them from escaping, ultimately dying in suffocation.

This Product is a new type electrical Mosquito Racket Killar Bat. It is produced from new raw material along with the newest & latest technology. The Products is best described by its fine design & boasts a high capacity rechargeable battery, fast charging speed, long usage lifespan & wider Mosquito-Killing Range. Its can rapidly kill Mosquito, Flies & insect with a voltage Currents as high as 3600V, but at tha same time it is also sufficiently safe ever if users touch its electric net carelessly.

These include Coils, Incense sticks, neem leaves and tree bark smoke.

The smoke released keeps away the mosquitoes.

All you need to do is plug in the USB and watch the surrounding area being free from flying insects. This mosquito killer is perfect for indoor use. It is ideal for bedrooms, living rooms, and the study rooms.

But these do not work near the fan and in bright light Mosquitoes do not die immediately, you need to keep the machine running for 1-2 hours to suffocate them

46

Liquid Vaporisers India has a large and growing market for mosquito repellents –and, in spite of the popularity of the mosquitoes problem, the usage of the mosquito repellent machines in India is somewhat less; for instance, rural areas account 6.9%, metros 22.6%, and urban areas 16.4%. In terms of value, the use of mat segment account 51%, coils segment 21%, and vaporizers segment 7%. A Mosquito repellent machine attracts and kills mosquitoes population and these machines are durable and give long life.

Mosquito repellent machines are used in bedroom, washroom, living room, offices, etc.

Prallethrin 1.6% w/w liquid vaporizer is a repellent insecticide which is generally used for the control of mosquitoes in the household.

It is marketed as a mosquito repellent by Godrej as “GoodKnight Silver Power” and SC Johnson as “All Out” in India

47

Repellent usage by type globally.

Market Shares Dominant players

Sales

Market Share – Dominant Players

Market Share – Dominant Players

Market Shares Vaporisers

Market Share – Dominant Players

Market Share – Dominant Players

ales

6%

13%

15% 24% 32%

56%

25%

Coils

Godrej Sara Lee ltd.

Vaporiser

Reckitt Benckiser

Mats

SC Johnson

Aerosols and creams

Other players

15%

24%

19%

43%

All Out Others

42% 25%

32% 56%

Industry size : $30 billion

Coils

Godrej Sara Lee 43% ltd.

Good Knight

Vaporiser

Reckitt Benckiser

Mats

SC Johnson

All Out

Aerosols and creams

Other players

19%

42% 25%

48

Good Kni

Others

Repellent usage by type in India.

49

Coils

Fast card

neem leaves and tree bark

Incense Sticks

Mats

50

Why no Smoke based products.

Despite Greener products being available in the Market, People in rural areas and outdoor professions use coils and incense Which release pollutants harmful to humans And the environment because it is cheap.

Fabric Roll on

Gel Repellent

Repellent Spray

Why no Topical treatment and Mosquito killers.

Patches

Mosquito Killer Lamp

Mosquito Killer Racket

Topical Treatments prevents bite and Do not repel mosquitoes at even a shorter range. Killer devices attract mosquitoes not all the mosquitoes are killed. Attracting mosquitoes increases probability of mosquito bites.

51

Testing the effectiveness of mosquito repellents (Patches and roll on) Testing the effectiveness of Mosquito Repellents .

52

Releases Releasespollutants pollutants Majorly smoke, Majorly smoke, not not suitable suitable for for environment and environment and Humans.

According to brief and According to usage experience,

the brief, usage experience and Company Restrictions.

Rs. 10

Humans.

Rs. 75 Rs. 34 A Source of light

+ Rs. 15

Source of light

Rs. 75

=

Rs. 199

Rs. 75

Narrowing down to suitable Repellent type

= an add on to its simple use and cheap price and vice versa.

an add on to its simple use and cheap price and vice versa.

Refill Contains prallethrin, naturally occurring repellent in chrysanthemum

+

A body that heats the wick To vaporise the liquid.

+

+ Batteries

Powerful LEDs

53

Proof of concept : There are existing products as such which are strictly clean outdoor repellents of which Indian mosquito repellent brands are unaware of.

Competitor study - Thermacell

Thermacell provides zone mosquito protection that keeps mosquitoes up to 15 ft away, stopping them before they can bother or bite you. Thermacellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s zone repellent technology eliminates the need for messy lotions or sprays, so you and your family are free to enjoy the outdoors, without worrying about mosquitoes or the harm they may cause. Thermacell repellent devices are either powered by a small fuel cartridge or a rechargeable battery, providing effective and efficient scent-free mosquito protection.

If you love the outdoors like us, but donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t love mosquitoes, get a Thermacell repeller.

54

Fuel-Powered Thermacell Mosquito Repellent devices repel mosquitoes by creating a 15-foot mosquito protection zone. Thermacellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s zone repellent technology eliminates the need for messy lotions or sprays, stopping mosquitoes before they can bother or bite you.

Powered by a fuel cartridge that lasts up to 12 hours and repellent mats that last up to 4 hours each â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Thermacell provides mosquito protection from your backyard to the backcountry with no electricity needed.

55

Thermacell fuel-powered mosquito repellent devices have many benefits compared to other repellent methods such as sprays, lotions, citronella candles, torches, coils, traps and candles. Backed by some of the best reviews on the internet and a 100% Satisfaction Guarantee, you won’t be sorry.

• No on-skin sprays, lotions or chemical repellents • No open flame • Scent-free, DEET-free, and no mess • Easy to refill for continuous mosquito protection • No mosquitoes to clean up after operation • Effective mosquito protection you never have to recharge

56

A lithium-ion battery powers an internal heating element that silently warms and activates the repellent. Once activated, the repellent disperses to create an invisible zone of protection that keeps mosquitoes from entering into your outdoor space.

And it works continuously, releasing fresh repellent to maintain the zone of protection around you.

A key breakthrough behind Radiusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; effectiveness is its repellent formulation. Radius uses an EPA-approved pyrethroid active ingredient. Pyrethroids are based on a naturally occurring repellent found in the chrysanthemum flower. This natural repellent from the chrysanthemum flower has been used to fight insects for millennia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; dating back to ancient Egyptian times.

Radius uses an advanced pyrethroid that is highly effective, scent-free and is activated at a low temperature. This enables Radius to create and maintain the zone of protection using lithium-ion battery power. Unlike other area repellents that require intense heat from combustion for activation and dispersion, no flame is required, eliminating the use of candles and liquid fuels.

57

58

For protection and added comfort outdoors, the HavenTM Backyard Mosquito Repellent System produces an invisible zone of protection that repels biting mosquitoes. Each HavenTM mosquito repellent fixture contains a vaporizer that releases an odourless, invisible repellent that protects a 12-ft. diameter area.

Use repellent fixtures on your deck, patio or outdoor area for up to 440 sq. ft. of coverage.

You can add a fixture for 110 sq. ft. of additional protection.

59

Development

Working of Vaporisers Made of light weight plastic, this is a simple electrical device that holds the repellent refill. A slider knob is there through which the user can regulate the quantity of liquid to be vaporized. The vapors are released through a small rectangular opening on the top of the repellent.

60

The back side of the repellent shows the electric plug seat and an LED which glows when the repellent is in use. The plastic body of the repellent can withstand the temperature increment when the machine is in on state.

The portion of the wick that is covered by the heating element of the repellent machine is directly proportional to the amount of liquid vaporized. The more the portion of wick near the heating element, higher the vaporizing rate.

The image above shows the bottom part, where the liquid bottle is inserted & mechanically held by the machine. To help the user in controlling the amount of liquid to be vaporized, a knob switch is present. More is the area of the wick under the heating element, the more will be the vapors.

The image above shows how the wick is held in the machine. Slider helps in increasing the area of the wick under the heating element.

Moving the switch changes the area of the wick under the heating element thereby regulating the speed at which the machine is working. The area is changed by mechanical motion of the red part of the assembly shown in the image above. There is no electronics involved.

61

Internal Structure & Heating Element

Wire Layout of Repellent Machine When the plastic body is opened, the internal wiring of the repellent can be seen. The two wires coming from the plug seat are split into four. Out of these four wires, two connect to the LED to illuminate it while the other two are used to heat the element which helps in evaporating the liquid in the refill.

62

Heating Element of Repellent Device

The image above shows the heating element in the mosquito repellent machine. It is a ceramic Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistor having a hollow metallic cylinder at its center. When heated, the resistance of a PTC thermistor increases.

Using a PTC is beneficial as it is an efficient and economic solution to serve as a heating element. The minimum temperature required by the PTC to work to its normal value in this case is around 135°C. They are able to reach this temperature in a short span of time, thus having a fast response time. They also have the tendency to limit current, making usage of repellent machine possible for longer duration of time. The hollow metallic cylinder aids in heating the wick of the refill instantly.

Thermistor and Ceramic Shell of Heating Element

Thermistor with Wires Soldered

The image above shows the thermistor and its ceramic shell. The thermistor has metallic layers over it that allows the wires to solder on it.

The image above shows the positive temperature coefficient of the thermistor with the wires soldered on it. To ensure uniform heating, the wires are placed at opposite sides.

63

The image above shows the refill of the mosquito repellent. Enclosed in a plastic bottle, the liquid is a mixture of chemicals that primarily include transfluthrin, a stabilizer (Butlyated hydroxytoluene BHT in this case) and a perfume. All these chemicals are dissolved into deodorized kerosene so that they can be easily vaporized when subjected to temperature.

Transfluthurin is the most important part of the mixture. It passes through the skin of the mosquitoes and cause paralysis making the movement of the mosquitoes slower, thus damaging their nervous system.

The wick is the only way through which the liquid reaches the repellent machine for vaporization. The wick absorbs the liquid and when inserted in the machine, the top most part gets heated. This vaporizes the liquid and which in turn spreads to the room.

Mosquito Repellent Liquid Bottle

64

Since the product has to be used in areas with electricity issues, DC current heating was a viable option.

Joule heating Joule heating, also known as resistive, resistance, or Ohmic heating, is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat.

A coiled heating element from an electric toaster, glowing red hot due to the heat produced

Keeping in mind the user base and context, we needed high temperature heating at low voltage to make it usable for the common people This is where the resistors come in.

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.

We will be using resistors as heating elements in our product since it works in low voltages as well. keeping it air tight with the alumium piece to heat it and then in-turn heat the wick of the refill

65

Prototypes This was the Very first prototype to test if The same heating effect can be achieved using DC current at 3.7 volts Why 3.7v ?

Wick Aluminium piece

Resistor

At household level, many 3.7v devices can be seen out of which, the most common is mobile phones. The idea was to make the mosquito repellent compatible with as many 3rd party chargers and devices as possible. Charger for this repellent would already be available at homes. Powerbanks will come more handy as a backup power source for the device.

Ohmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s law states that the voltage or potential difference between two points is directly proportional to the current or electricity passing through the resistance, and directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit. The formula for Ohmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s law is V=IR. So for instance, if the voltage of the battery increases, the device will draw more current and hence the battery size required would be larger to make the device run longer which inturn would increase individual component cost of the product.

Hence, Low voltage is the way to go.

66

The first Prototype made worked well enough to achieve the same heating effect.

The next goal was to make it more efficient using less power, less current and make it usable in real life context.

The first protoypeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heating mechanism was made with two 4.7 ohm 5 watt resistors connected in parallel.

This configuration when supplied with 3.7V DC gave a battery life of 2 hrs.

67

The Final prototype is as compact as it can get and is much more efficient. It uses 2 watt resistors connected in parallel

ON/OFF Switch

Micro-USB port

2600 mAH Li-ion battery

68

This configuration uses much less current which in turn increases battery life to upto 6 hours

Minimum

Efficiency scale

Maximum

Temperature reading The resistors used in the final prototype touched a 100 degrees celcius on a 3.7 volt DC supply.

This temperature recorded was more than the temperature the original product reaches upto.

69

Lights As per brief, Final product being Portable and compact, The kind of light incorporated in the product would be similar To lamps and torches.

On the right side is the type of light used by street vendors. This gives an opportunity to Design the product considering its installation, usability, features.

70

•

Most street vendors used Their own LED Lights and carried a battery with them

•

The battery provided 7+ hours of power and Vendors charge the battery everyday at home.

•

The time of usage is evening when it gets dark for 4 hrs.

•

Most batteries observed were 12v batteries.

•

The battery and LED light were Purchased from used electronics stores in the market.

•

In total, they spent an average amount of Rs. 800 on the LED bulb and battery combined.

71

Temperature of Lighting The colour of light influences our perception. It even has an effect on our bodies – something that keeps the chromotherapists busy. That’s why so much attention is paid to finding the right colour temperature for the lighting in shops.

When we talk about colour temperature, we are talking about the various shades of white light (cool, neutral and warm) and not about coloured light, like red, blue and green light. Colour temperature is expressed in units called Kelvin. The lower the Kelvin value, the redder the light, and the higher the Kelvin value, the bluer the light. Warm white light has a Kelvin value of 2700 to 3000 Kelvin, and cool white light averages around 4500 Kelvin.

72

For red meat, it is best to choose light with a warm white colour (2700 to 3000 Kelvin). This light highlights the freshness of meat products because warm white light contains more red shades. Steaks, rack of lamb, minced meat … all look much more appetizing due to the effects of this warm lighting colour. The red, fresh colour of meat is extra accentuated like this.

Cool white light, which contains more blue shades, would lend red meat the completely wrong colour - the meat would even appear to be old under the wrong light. Several years ago, Philips developed the LED Rose Food series with a spectrum optimised for cut meat products. These lamps actually radiate rose-coloured light to emphasise the fresh, red colour of the meat. This way merchants could extend the shelf life of their fresh meat products and, at the same time, reduce waste.

Fish (white vs. red)

Cheese, bread and pastries

When it comes to fish, we distinguish between white- and red-meat fish. White fish is displayed most advantageously under cool white light. With cool white light, plaice, cod and sole look super fresh. For red fish, such as tuna, a warmer colour temperature is more appropriate. The goal is always to highlight and enhance the natural colour of the product.

For cheese, light that is just slightly yellow, in other words warm white light, is perfect. This light colour attracts the attention and stimulates the appetite.

Warm light is also right for bread. It lends the crust an extra crispy, fresh look.

Avoid white light that is too warm - it will make the bread appear too brown and unnatural.

73

Fruits and vegetables For all types of fruits and vegetables, a light temperature of approximately 3000 Kelvin is recommended. This is the best light to accentuate the bright colours of most types of fruit and vegetables.

Take into account the fact that not all vegetables react similarly to light. It is a good idea to provide high-intensity light above lettuce and other leafy vegetables; this emphasises the bright, green colours. At the other side of this spectrum, though, lie the light-sensitive products â&#x20AC;&#x201C; products which, as a rule, grow under the ground - potatoes, onions, asparagus, chicory and mushrooms. These products are best stored in darker conditions to prevent accelerated spoiling.

One more tip: For foodstuffs, such as vegetables, fruit, meat and fish, choose LED lighting.

LED lamps do not emit UV radiation and therefore do not cause discolouration. The idea that LEDs do not generate heat is a myth; all light sources produce heat. Although, it is true that with LED lights generate much less heat than halogen lights, so there is much less risk of the food drying out.

74

Overview table per food category This presents an opportunity in the design of the product since temperature of light can boost the sales of Vegetables/fruits and other edible foodstuffs by making them look more fresh and appealing to the consumers.

75

Initial concepts

76

77

Mounting the product in the workspace.

78

79

80

Usability Chart

81

Mock CAD Models to get a brief idea of the most suitable arrangement of the components

Cavity for fingers to grip the refill

82

This is a concept where the vaporiser will be powered by a smartphoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s battery or Powerbank.

The dome would allow light to refract more and diffuse better giving a much better light.

This allows the product to be much more compact, the size of the housing of the refill.

83

This vertical arrangement was the most convincing so far. Visualizing the product in the context, it makes more sense the form to be vertical because in most cases it will be hanged above the usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; head. A form with greater width base implies that the product has to kept firmly on a surface.

Battery

LED Panels Refill Housing

Grills for Vapours

Refill

84

Cut to grip the Refill to remove/insert

Vertical split

Horizontal split

The Assembly of the Product.

(Vertical Split and horizontal split)

There were 2 ways to disassemble the product in this case which was vertical and horizontal splitting. Vertical splitting was a better option because of the switches and buttons that were designed on the top part of the product. A horizontal split cannot be done because it is locked by the buttons and switches.

85

The Cap The Cap + Lanyard hole designs were explored where the one on the next page seemed more functional in the street vendor environment.

86

String/Rope with closed ends.

This is where the gap Comes in use

Lanyard hole.

This Lanyard hole also acts as a re-inforcement fitting to the whole body when it is to be dismantled for maintainence. It holds the Two piece body.

The gap is added in case the product is to be mounted on a string or rope with no ends to insert from. It can be hanged on any type of extrusions, strings running from one end to the other.

The design was done keeping in mind the maintainence aspect of the product where the user could handle maximum of the issues himself.

For instance, A free Lanyard string would be provided and can be replaced by the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s choice with any other string as and when needed.

87

Outlet/Grills for vapour Refill wick seen through grill Upperody holes for vapours and heat ventilation Micro-USB

Light color temperature slider

Warm

Light switch Repellent Switch

Cool

88

Nail String with closed ends

Temperature of Light for respective categories of food making it more appealing to the consumers thereby increasing the sales.

89

Material : Recycled

HDPE (translucent)

90

Lanyard cap

Slider for Light color (warm to cool) Light Switch (press mechanism)

Micro USB port

Repellent switch indicator

18650 Li-ion battery housing

Repellent switch

Base for Mica Insulator.

PCB

Aluminium piece

Liquid refill housing

2W resistor (heating element)

Partition + PCB base Insulator to contain heat for more effective heating

RGB LEDs

Product Casing Liquid Repellent refill

91

176.00

52.00

14.2

92

Orthographic Drawing

93

Contextual Renders

94

95

The Bigger Picture.

The Highlighted areas in this picture become a mosquito free zone provided all the individual vendors next to each other use the product. The warm/ cool light feature + This mosquito free environment can boost sales and help the vendors.

96

97

REFERENCES

https://wikibizpedia.com/Mosquito_Repellent_Market_In_India_to_reach_US_$800M_ by_2021

Links to webites used for research purposes.

http://www.houselog.biz/houselog-f3-usb-white-fans

https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/displaybitstream?handle=1/5810005562

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963934/ http://www.management.ase.ro/reveconomia/2010-1/5.pdf https://insectcop.net/what-is-mosquito-coil-and-does-it-work/ https://www.pricekart.com/appliances/home-appliances/emergency-lights/quace-solargarden-light-cum-lantern-with-mosquito-killer-repellent-waterproof-touch-controls-anddc-55272 https://www.slideshare.net/TechSci_Research/india-mosquito-repellents-market-forecast-2021-brochure https://www.slideshare.net/chandreshd/mosquito-repellent-marketing-strategy?next_ slideshow=1 https://www.slideshare.net/aparanamittal/product-launch-mosquito-repellent https://www.yankodesign.com/2014/01/23/mosquito-bytes/ https://www.yankodesign.com/2013/07/25/sad-for-mosquitos-great-for-us/ https://www.yankodesign.com/2013/11/14/electronic-mosquito-coil/ https://www.yankodesign.com/2014/12/17/fun-and-fury/ https://www.slideshare.net/TechSci_Research/india-mosquito-repellent-market-forecast-and-opportunities-2014-2024-sample-report https://www.bragpacker.com/shop/outdoors/mosquito-zapper-lantern/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ynxzn0nUmIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EntTS2Jxfwc

98

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nU0jeYimo2Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ctd6odwZn6w https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1727257853/lunedot-endless-candle-concept https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Outdoor-Camping-Anti-Mosquito-Portable-Candle_50030479682.html https://www.thegrommet.com/our-makers/mpowerd https://www.google.com/search?q=candle+based+light+for+camping&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjhnbeegbfnAhXbYisKHVhFAgoQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=candle+based+light+for+camping&gs_l=img.3...7196823.7208329..7208504...7.0..1.337.4327.7j30j0j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....10..35i362i39j0i67j0j35i39j0i131j0i5i30j0i8i30j0i24.1a_0z4MIwB0&ei=T-w4XqG6FdvFrQHYiolQ&bih=748&biw=1707 https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/01/30/464740275/whats-the-best-way-to-keep-mosquitoes-from-biting https://mtnweekly.com/reviews/thermacell-radius-zone-review/ http://m.onedream.com.my/index.php?ws=pages&pages_id=7919 https://www.sumitomo-chem.co.jp/english/rd/report/files/docs/20050200_imi.pdf https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/s/synthetic+pyrethroid+metofluthrin.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LctyDIM3vpc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LX2cU27kUUc https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227831451_Lethal_and_repellent_effects_of_transfluthrin_and_metofluthrin_used_in_portable_blowers_ for_personal_protection_against_Ochlerotatus_togoi_and_Aedes_albopictus_Diptera_Culicidae https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2007.00109.x https://getrevising.co.uk/diagrams/types_of_light https://getrevising.co.uk/diagrams/lighting all tabs http://caiindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Mosquito-English.pdf https://www.eevblog.com/forum/beginners/could-i-make-a-simple-tiny-heater-with-12-watt-resistors/

99

https://master-batches.en.made-in-china.com/product/zKWxPIvTgNhE/China-3-7V-Mini-Heater-for-New-Herbal-Vaporizer-Ceramic-Heater.html https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Aroma-Burner-Component-3-7V-0_60522824494.html https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-3.7v-heater.html https://www.dhgate.com/product/model-752080-1500mah-3-7v-li-po-rechargeable/395282073.html#seo=WAP https://www.lipobatteries.net/lipo-batteries-3000mah/ https://thewirecutter.com/reviews/best-portable-vaporizer/ https://www.google.com/search?q=portable+lamps&hl=en-GB&tbm=isch&sxsrf=ALeKk00nVbcGyoITaDQGkuMm20DpY_sMZA:1583299832741&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-wenAi4DoAhUVeisKHXxlD6YQ_AUICygC&biw=1707&bih=803&dpr=1.13 https://www.bragpacker.com/shop/travel-accessories/travel-essentials-rs-5-day/torch-with-reading-light/?gclid=CjwKCAiAnfjyBRBxEiwA-EECLEaiAz9o_Dw1fGkDOkRWFkBNxR02aP9jXHNSnmdz39zD6AkmKXu08BoCsEoQAvD_BwE https://www.snapdeal.com/product/sangitap-usb-rechargeable-electronic-cigarette/565011036 https://www.amazon.in/Wellking-Onlite-Rechargeable-Emergency-Multicolor/dp/B07NWMYHH6/ref=asc_df_B07NWMYHH6/?tag=googleshopdes-21&linkCode=df0&hvadid=396989035590&hvpos=1o1&hvnetw=g&hvrand=859560261280427216&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=1007785&hvtargid=pla-835429535467&psc=1&ext_vrnc=hi https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=xiaomi+mosquito+repellent https://yztrdq.en.made-in-china.com/product/ZyHJICPuQFkd/China-3-7V-5V-Electric-Component-Ring-Disc-Disk-Ceramic-Heater-Mch-Heating-Heaterfor-E-Cig-Vaporizer.html https://www.google.com/search?q=3000mah+circular+lipo+battery&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjSuf2zkfvnAhXn3DgGHav_B-cQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=3000mah+circular+lipo+battery&gs_l=img.3...7153.8943..9357...0.0..0.128.920.1j7......0....1..gws-wiz-img.y61OpUHsfiY&ei=EaRcXpLtK-e54-EPq_-fuA4&bih=748&biw=1707#imgrc=EWAGX031rRf23M https://www.havells.com/en/consumer/lighting.html#gref https://www.google.com/search?q=LED+light+products+usage+statistics+in+india&bih=748&biw=1707&hl=en-GB&sxsrf=ACYBGNSfsspqsMBK8dMgt5WQq09zYEuPWw:1581679923745&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=otLROw6bTfoxiM%253A%252Cdehy3IEAEquVnM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-kTH4dshTHFPXR0i9Od-HTBhuE4XOA&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi774Lw-NDnAhXeILcAHe2cBNkQ9QEwBXoECAoQBw https://cprindia.org/news/6527 https://www.dmlights.com/help/lighting/lighting-stores-what-is-ideal-colour-temperature-displaying-meat-fish-vegetables-bread/

100

101