Building Energy Performance Portfolio - Part 1

Learn + Explore + Analyse = Design Shubham Solanki Cept University, India

Hello, I am Shubham Solanki Architect + Designer + Aspiring Energy Consultant from New Delhi, India

Experience Façade Designer, October 2018 – January 2019 Stellar Group , India Architecture Intern, Febraury 2018 – April 2018 NMP design private limited, India Architecture Intern, July 2018 – December 2018 ARCHOHM Consult, India Freelancer, 2016-17 Hotel cum meditation centre ,Rishikesh, India Office for Aero Fastener pvt. lmt

Language English Hindi

Skills

Contact shubham02solanki@gmail.com +91 9811982277 issuu.com/shubhamsolanki

Academic Background 2018-Present Masters in Building Energy Performance, Cept University 2013 – 2018 Bachelor of Architecture from University of School of Architecture and Planning, GGSIP University, Dwarka, New Delhi Schooling Bal Bharati Public School Dwarka, New Delhi XII-86% X- CGPA8.8 Workshop Rat[lab] parametric and computational participated in design workshop - ’parametric workflow_v2.0’

Achievement April 2019 Finalist at Solar Decathlon Design Challenge 2019 January 2016 Winner at 58TH ANNUAL NASA GRIHA TROHPY October 2018 Winner at Stellar Facade Design Competition February 2019 Runner-up at Amravati design challenge October 2018 Winner at Hosmac Healthcare Architecture Competition November 2018 Participant at Emaar Dream Home Design Competition November 2015 Ranked in Top 20 at 58TH ANDC TROPHY

1

Façade Design

Climate Analysis

Dry bulb Temperature Noida in Delhi NCR experiences a COMPOSITE CLIMATE

Annual Sun path with Hours having radiation greater than 400 Wh/m2

High daytime temperatures : Frequently exceed 30⁰ C for 6-8months Cold Period : Night temperatures tend to cross the 10⁰C mark during cold period (DecemberFebruary)

Global Horizontal Radiation High Solar Radiation : Strong levels of solar radiation exceeding 650 Wh/m2 increase a building’s envelope load & thus increase the load on the HVAC system to maintain indoor temperature at 22-24 ° C.

Annual Sun path with Hours having Temperature greater than 30°C

Environmental Analysis Day light Simulation

Annual Solar Radiation NW

N E

Daylight Autonomy Analysis indicates that 30% of the floor receives daylight illuminance levels above target illuminance of 300 Lux (NBC standard for office space).

S E

Glare Analysis indicate that 12% floor plate receive >1000Lux for more than 250hrs in an year leading to glare in the work area, due to this the occupants will turn on the blinds causing the daylight levels to go down.

Radiation Analysis showing annual Solar radiation on South East and South West Faces.

N E

S W

Daylight analysis for 21st June 2.30 p.m. It’s evident that is impossible for this building to operate on 100% daylight because of its shape and depth. But at the same time, the periphery zone has high glare which will cause visual discomfort to the occupants.

N W

Radiation Analysis showing annual Solar radiation on North West and North East Faces.

Annual Solar Radiation: Given building form was simulated and analyzed for Radiation Analysis using Ladybug and Grasshopper.

Daylight Simulation: Interior floor plate was tested for Glare and Daylight with given window location and orientation.

Lightstanza was used for these simulations.

Thus, it was decided to make SW and NE faces of the building as opaque walls with low U-Value wall assembly.

Thus, to achieve Visual Comfort and reduce lighting loads the envelope needs to be optimized for glare and daylight.

South East

North East

S E

South West

S W

North West

Design Strategies Minimize – Radiation & Glare I Maximize - Daylight & View Shading Mask analysis: Based upon the Sun Path a Shading Mask is devised indicating the amount of direct sun needed to be cut .

It is easy to Shade the Northwest Façade which only requires a vertical fin. However it is very difficult to provide this shading for the South east façade as the depths of the overhangs are impractical ( 3.6 m & 2.7m deep horizontal & vertical overhangs respectively).This analysis led to an optimum design of the shading device as follows: 35o

35o

35° 35°

Radiation Analysis: The NW and SE faces were simulated for radiation analysis with fin placed in front of the glazing.

Eye level

15°

Twisting the Fin 35o

Shading mask desired for North West Facade

North West: Fins tilted at 35° Reduce shading angle substantially & thus reduces fin depth

90o Design Modifications to Increase Daylight & View Radiation analysis shows reduction of 80% solar radiation on the glazed area because of the shading system.

22°

50°

`

Glazed Area

65

°

10°

Shading mask desired for South East Facade

55°

12°

South East : Fins tilted at 35° & Overhang of 450mm reduces fin depth & gives desired results

Design Evolution

Faรงade Details Exploded View : Ease of Implementation

Low U-Value bold opaque walls as vertical planes were added on SW and NE side to cut high solar radiation. The walls around the shafts were extended and repeated as vertical lines on North West Faรงade creating a rhythm.

Tensile Fin System GI Support Structure Typical Wall Section

Optimized tensile fins were replicated on SE and NW faces. An organic pattern with 3 different colors was explored adding vibrancy and life to the faรงade.

Colored fin system adding life and vibrancy to faรงade.

View from Interior

Dense plantation on terraces.

Services

Services

Grey Stone Cladded Wall acting as bold opaaque Vertical planes in Elevation.

Shaft walls as vertical lines on repeated on North West faรงade creating rhythm.

2

Solar Decathlon 2019 – Design Challenge

Introduction The project aims to develop an “Affordable & Energy efficient” lifestyle & to build sustainable communities for the future India.

Site location – Avadi near Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

It was design under PMAY. It is designed for hot and humid climate and can be replicate on any site under this climate with urban design guidelines.

The design has the flexibility where developer can use the ground floor as residential, commercial or stilt parking according to the need and context.

Total ground coverage – 40% with Ground + 4 Stories Structure

Predesign Simulation Design Two design were simulated for further optimization and water table test was performed

EUI Exposed wall to floor area Comfort hours

Plan

Elevation Parametric simulation Total 82 combination of simulation were run find the best solution using these Energy conservation measures

Section

Comfort analysis

Shading

The design is based on IMAC thermal comfort model of the National Building Code of India. This approach recognizes that thermal comfort needs depend on occupants’ context and varies with local outdoor environmental conditions.

Indoor operative temperature calculations are performed using the formula as demonstrated: Indoor operative temperature = (0.28 x outdoor temperature running mean) + 17.87 69% of hours were comfortable using Ceiling fan and rest were made using the air conditioning.

Wall Section

3

Inter-state Bus Terminal Introduction The focus of design was to create no conflict circulation. the movement of each activity is different. the design is completely based on movement pattern.

The building is a mixed use building which is vertically divided according to the function. commercial space is an open mall. the courtyard provides light and ventilation and visual connection. The aim was to design an iconic building.

Louvers are used to protect sun from west and east. since the maximum facade is facing the west sun. the walls are inside the slab creating the buffer at alternate floors.

The louvers are representing the characteristics of the buses being dynamic in nature they are static in due to their movement pattern.

Elevation

Section

Ground Floor Plan

3d view

3d view

4

Griha Trophy Orientation of the classroom is based on the logic of the sun protection and radiation gaining with varying geometry allowing adaptation to sun path.

The orientation of the classroom is according to the wind movement on the site and designed for passive ventilation

The rooms are staggered vertically to provides mutual shading to rooms. the overhang space on the north side can be used as gallery space .

Introduction

The resultant open-space boasts recessed courtyards, shaded by elevated built structures the bridge the educational block above. suggestive of potential democratic design. the “bridge” house the library and activity areas holistically contributing to the microclimate of the courtyard below

THE MORE WE SEE AROUND US THE MORE WE LEARN FROM IT. THE CONCEPT IS TO KEEP THE FUNCTIONING OF THE SUSTAINBLE METHODS RAW AND VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE TO HELP YOUND MINDS UNDERSTAND IN THIER OWN WAY. EXPERIENCE IS THE BEST TEACHER, THE DESIGN HAS EVOLVED TO EXTEND MOMENTS OF LEARNING AND INTERACTION BEYOND THE CONVENTIONAL CLASSROOM. THE AMENITIES LIKE WIND TOWER, RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND SOLAR PANLES BLEND AESTHITICALLY WITH THE DESIGN AND ARE ALSO EXPOSED TO MUSTER ATTENTION OF THE STUDENTS.

Ground Floor plan 1. Parking 2. Administrative Block 3. Music Room 4. Dance Room 5. Exhibition Area 6. Art Room 7. Junior Block 8. Open Air Theatre 9. Junior Play Area 10. Courtyard

11. Seating 12. Sub Junior Block 13. Canteen 14. Sunken Courtyard 15. Auditorium 16. Senior Block 17. Parking

The rain water harvesting pipes are exposed and are able to hold solar panels above it and south side are the Jaalis to cut the sun directly.

The rain water pipes have been highlighted aesthetically and the path is traced once it goes into the ground which finally flow towards the rain water tank having a toughed glass top.

The Wind Tower being the most tallest structure acts a landmark , also the cafeteria is located besides it where in students eat under the shadow of wind tower.

The swimming pool has been provided with solar panels used as shading devices to curb the south west sun along the rainwater harvesting pipes running down to the pit in the courtyard. The South West wind is tapped into the courtyard ,and strategically heavy plantations and swimming pool is placed on south west side to filter the dusty and hot winds.

5

Ananthmaya-Amravati Design Challenge The prototype was designed for all 4 cardinal directional and was vastu complaint, Which was Modular – 3 x 3 Pre- fab panels, Flexible – wide option to choose from windows and jaalis, balconies and solid panel and murals and Incremental – expand as per the need of the user giving very house its own identity.

Lvl 3 13 Lvl 2 10.1 Lvl 1 6.7 Lvl 0 3.5 Plinth 0.3

The challenge was to design a concept for small – scale residential development which constitute of 20% of returnable plot in Amravati. Idea was to design a palette od design possibilities which stakeholders of the capital city will consult.

The house was design using the passive strategies and it is comply to IGBC Green Homes After the pre design simulation the higher thermal, shading was most important.

7

HVAC Lab-Simulation Analysis

AHU Air Nodes Temperature

45 40 35 30

25 20 15

Summer Time

10

1 267 533 799 1065 1331 1597 1863 2129 2395 2661 2927 3193 3459 3725 3991 4257 4523 4789 5055 5321 5587 5853 6119 6385 6651 6917 7183 7449 7715 7981 8247 8513

5

Return Air

Task : To analyse the Base case as per ECBC and Propose the Energy

Fresh Air

Supply Air

conservation measure to reduce the cooling load and EUI

EPI – 135 kWh /sqm

Base Case Parameters

VRF System

Total Cooling Electricity Consumption – 111.70 kWh

ECBC prescriptive base case models

Base case

Total Cooling Fan Electricity Consumption - 75.1 kWh

•CoP of the cooling system is 3.3

Time Set point Not Met During Occupied Cooling - 1492.5

•AHU is connected for Fresh air inlet to the zone. CAV Fan with Efficiency 70% and pressure rise 600 Pa

Observation

Floor :3 Floor plate size : 32m x 16m Longer Axis : East - West Zoning : 4m deep perimeter zone WWR : 30%

•Fan Coil unit serving at each zone on all three floors •Heating is turned off

The Air temperature of Supply air is slightly higher then the fresh due to heat added by the fan.

It can be observe that during summer time the return air is very low and is being wasted and send to environment without being re-used.

The Fan Electricity consumption is very high and can be reduced using the higher efficiency fan.

Cooling Unmet Hours

EPI (kWh/m2) 160

1600

140

1400

120

1200

100

1000

Hours

EPI(kWh/m2

Case 1

80 60

600

40

400 200

20

0

0

Case 2

No Recirculation and Heat recovery

Recirculation

No Recirculation and Heat recovery

Both Recirculation and Heat recovery

Recirculation

Both Recirculation and Heat recovery

End Uses- Cooling 120000

The comparison OF EUI, Unmet Hours, Cooling Consumption of three different cases.

Heat recovery wheel was proposed as an ECM

Cooling –Electricity (kWh)

There is No Recirculation No Heat recovery , Only fresh air supply

800

100000 80000 60000 40000

20000 0

The comparison of three mixed air temperature and at AHU There is only Recirculation Circulation, No Heat recovery

Case 3

The Recirculation and Heat recovery is on

No Recirculation and Heat recovery

Recirculation

Both Recirculation and Heat recovery

Core zone –Adaptive Band The core zone was plotted because it have the maximum Unmet hours. If they are comfortable in this Zone then they will be comfortable in all the other zones.

The band is NBC-Adaptive Ac Set point. The operative set point was 24,25 and 26⁰C We can observe that highest uncomfortable hours are in case of second floor core zone and lowest on the ground floor.

Hourly operative temperature Ground floor Core zone Hourly operative temperature First floor Core zone Hourly operative temperature Second floor Core zone

The air temperature during this time is set on 26⁰

Fan efficiency and Pressure rise

Energy Consumption

EPI 120 100 80

EPI

The fan consumption was further reduced by increasing the efficiency and decreasring the pressure .

Fan kWh

Total Energy kWh

60 40

0

40000

80000

120000

160000

Energy (kWh) Fan with 85% efficiency and 400 Pa

Fan with 70% efficiency and 600 Pa

20 0 Fan with 70% efficiency and 600 Fan with 85% efficiency and 400 Pa Pa

8

Passive Comfort Lab-Simulation Heat Balance with Change in Roof Surface 48m 18m

3000

225

2500

200

2000

175

30m

18m

150

1000

125

500

⁰c

Wh/m2

1500

100

0 -500

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

50

-1000 -1500

Task : The Ground with 2 floor building was simulated and

Base Case Parameters Location – Ahmedabad Climate zone – Hot and Dry Building type- Air Conditioned Operation hours – 9am to 6 pm Orientation – East- West longer axis Simulation type – Early Opening Activity Template WWR – 30% • Occupancy – 9 (m2/person) • Heating Set point – 22 ⁰c • Cooling Set point – 24 ⁰c • Computer power density – 15 W/m2 • Equipment power density – 11.5 W/m2

20

22

28

31

34

33

30

28

29

27

24

21 25

-2000

compared on different energy conservation measures.

The result were compared on the basis of Heat load, Cooling load and Energy performance index

75

0

Tiles Wh/m2

Roof with Water Wh/m2

Roof with Steel Sheet Wh/m2

Outside Dry-Bulb Temperature °C

Direct Normal Solar Wh/m2

Diffuse Horizontal Solar Wh/m2

Location –Ahmedabad

U value of Floor -0.33

Aim – Comparing transfer of heat transfer due to different surface on the roof.

Observation • • •

Heat gain is lowest in case of water, then tiles and then steel sheet.

Sensible cooling is reduced to 4.5%. From tiles to water and increased 12% from tiles to Steel surface.

The change in water is due to reflectivity.

Total Sensible Cooling (Wh/m2) 240383 210442 201185

Tiles-Sensible Cooling

Water-Sensible Cooling

Steel-Sensible Cooling

HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH WALL AT COMPOSITE VS HOT & DRY CLIMATE 1500

50

Location – Ahmedabad and New Delhi Simulation Duration- Annual

45

Aim – Compare the heat balance in Hot and Dry and Composite climate, keeping the u value of the Wall same .

1250 1000 750

40

U –value according to ECBC of Wall–0.4

500 35 250

Observation

-250

30

Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

•

From June to September the gain is 15-45% less in hot and dry, the difference in average monthly dry bulb temperature of both the climate is 1.5⁰c.

•

From October to May the heat gain is 50-80% higher in Hot and Dry climate, the difference in average monthly dry bulb temperature of both the climate is 3-5⁰c.

•

In both walls and roof the trend is similar

Nov Dec 25

⁰c

kWh

0

-500 -750

20

-1000 15 -1250 -1500

10

-1750 5 -2000 -2250

0

Axis Title

Hot & Dry Wall kWh

Composite Wall kWh

Maximum Ahmedabad DBT

Minimum Ahmedabad DBT

Maximum New Delhi DBT

Minimum Delhi DBT

9

Life Cycle Assessment

The business as usual case (Brick+ Plaster) was compared with three other cases BAU +XPS, AAC, AAC+XPS. The simple payback, ROI, IRR, NVP, LCC was compared and analysed keeping the capital cost, maintenance, utility, replacement in the calculation.

The payback period of AAC+XPS was 13 years where as BAU case was 17 and AAC with 21 years.

Risk free

Future value using Present value inflation rate using discount rate

LCC of BAU and ECM case - for risk free, inflation and discounted rates Proposed case

Base case

Proposed case

Base case

Proposed case

Base case 0

Cost

500

Capital cost

1000

1500

2000

Annual Maintenance cost

2500 LCC in (₹)

Utility cost

3000

3500

Replacement cost

• The payback period of AAC+XPS was 13 years where as Bau+XPS case was 17 and AAC with 21 years.

• The IRR with Assessment period 35 years was maximum in AAC+XPS which was 7% and 4% in BAU+XPS.

4000

4500

5000 x 100000

Depreciated value

10

Archohm- Toll Plaza

Introduction The toll plaza was designed under Anindhya Ghosh.

The design is for Muzzafar Nagar to Saharanpur. 64km long toll plaza. It is a four lane.

I was the part of Design development and Construction Drawing.

Thank you for consideration Shubham solanki +91 9811982277

Cept University shubham02solanki@gmail.com