Design by Robots

Made By Robots - SUM 21 Shubbaam Rathi 1134046

Design Journal 10/03/2021

R_Lab

Made By Robots - SUM 21 Contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Task 1 : Vessels 3.0 Task 2 : Architectural Components 4.0 Task 3 : Final Project 5.0 Precedents 6.0 Conclusion

Table of contents

R_Lab 03 06 14 35 80 98

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The Experimental Design Lab is an investigation into material and process driven design.

It suggests an alternative, “bottom-up” approach to the conceptual process where playful experimentation with materials and hacking of both traditional craft methodologies and contemporary digital fabrication equipment leads ultimately to the design of a functional item of furniture. Risk is encouraged, and hard-earned failure is rewarded in parallel to successes. Physical experimentation lies at the core of the ExLaB pedagogy. Designers are encouraged to get out of sketchbooks and get their hands dirty. The process becomes as important as the final outcome and provides a glimpse of the breakthroughs, the heartbreaks, the red herrings and the intense amount of labor that goes into the ExLaB process.

(1) (1) Fabrication Lab

1.0

R_Lab

Introduction

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R_Lab

FabLab Access Students will have access to operate and/or supervise machinery in the FabLab if appropriate safety inductions have been completed.

There are 3 levels of safety induction in the FabLab. (Visit Training Centre Website for more info) lv 01 - General FabLab Safety Induction General introduction to workshop safety principles and procedures assessed via online multiple choice assessment. Assessment must be completed to gain access to any space in Fabrication Workshop. lv 02 - Machine Workshop Safety induction In person familiarization and introduction to the machine workshop and technical staff. An induction session will be arranged for all ExLaB students during class time. This must be completed for students to gain access to any equipment beyond G12, the Forbo Model Making Space. lv 03 - Specific Machine training and certification In person training on specific workshop machinery. Refresher is training required each semester. If students wish to use any machinery in the Machine Workshop this certification must be completed.

1.0

Introduction

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R_Lab SETTING UP THE ROBOT The main switch and the robotic monitor is to be turned on. The scripts to be printed can then be loaded in the computer.

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Note that all the parts should be thoroughly cleaned before and after the use.

It is very important to purge the clay tube before printing so as to prevent air bubbles from disrupting the printing.

(1) Fix the nozzle with the auger inside and tighten it with steel clip, (2) Apply silicon gel on the rim, (3) Installing the clay tube, (4) Putting the metal ring through the four steel supports, (5) Apply silicon gel on the rim of the top, (6) Fixing the top inside the top mouth of tube through the four steel rods (7) Tightening the screws using spanner.

1.0

Introduction

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2.0

Vessels

R_Lab

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R_Lab VESSEL 1 Exploration Twisting the object while keeping the number of sides same.

Base - Wide Middle - Narrow Top - Wide Attempt 1 Base of the vessel was distrupted due to change in base height and the air pressure was too high.

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Reflection Adjusting the nozzle height in the script if the base height changes and controlling the air pressure manually.

(1) Top View, (2) Front View, (3) View, (4) Wire Mesh

2.0

Vessels : Task 1

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R_Lab VESSEL 2 Exploration To create an object like a twisting onion dome.

Base - Narrow Middle - Wide Top - Narrow

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Attempt 1 The speed of the robot was 75%-80% which was too high and hence the object collapsed midway.

Reflection The object was printed smoothly when the robot speed was decreased to 25% because the clay layer below got more time to settle.

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(1) Top View, (2) Front View, (3) View, (4) Wire Mesh

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Vessels : Task 1

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R_Lab VESSEL 3 Exploration A simple twisted doubly curved vessel with four curved faces.

Base - Wide Middle - Narrow Top - Wide Attempt 1 Printed perfectly.

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Reflection The speed of the robot could be increased to 50%-75% as the shape is very simple with less weaves.

(1) Top View, (2) Front View, (3) View, (4) Wire Mesh

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Vessels : Task 1

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R_Lab VESSEL 4 Exploration A cup with multiple smooth twisting flutes.

Base - Narrow Middle - Wide Top - Wider Attempt 1 Printed perfectly at the start but ran out of clay halfway.

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Reflection When the object is narrow at base and very wide at the top the object can be printed upside down as it is easier to print with a wider base.

Always have a look at the amount of clay before printing.

(1) Top View, (2) Front View, (3) View, (4) Wire Mesh

2.0

Vessels : Task 1

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R_Lab FACTORS AFFECTING PRINTING ACCURACY Nozzle (Extrusion Width): The nozzle should be cut accurately both horizontally straight along the hole as well as in height. If the nozzle width is too small, the layer of clay is very thin and the object deforms by self weight.

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(1) Defect due to high robot speed, (2) Defect due to small nozzle width, (3) Defect due to change in base height, (4) Defect due to change in pressure

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Vessels : Task 1

Clay: It is important to ensure that there is no air bubbles in the clay tube and enough clay to print entire object as, if the tube runs out of clay the air pressure deforms the model.

Layer Height: Consistent layer height is very important factor of clay printing. If the layer height is too less the nozzle drags the clay of the layer beneath and defroms the object and if the layer height is too high the precision of the printed object is affected.

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R_Lab FACTORS AFFECTING PRINTING ACCURACY Air Pressure: Air pressure must be accurately set as less air pressure and high speed of printing may create inconsistency in the printing.

Robot Speed: The speed of the movement of robotic arm affects the printing. Objects with too many dense weaves or the ones with a greater overhang need to be printed at a slow speed.

Reflection: All the factors are related to each other in some or the other way. Key point is to change one factor at a time rather than all of them.

(5) Diagram explaining relationship between different factors.

2.0

Vessels : Task 1

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R_Lab CREATING A CUSTOM OBJECT Step 1 Make object in rhino or make the object in grasshopper and bake it.

Step 2 Draw two spirals (0.8 to 1.2 mm depending on the layer height), one inside the object and one outside the object.

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Step 3 Loft the two spirals or use sweep 2 to create surface.

Step 4 Use intersect command and intersect the lofted spiral and the object. The intersection can be imported in grasshopper script to be printed.

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(1) Step1 - Designing object using Rhino, (2) Creating two spiral one side and one outside the object, (3) Step 3 - Joining them using Sweep2, (4) Step 4 - Intersecting sweeped form with the object

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Vessels : Task 1

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3.0

Architectural Components : Task 2

R_Lab

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R_Lab HOTEL LOBBY Hotel lobbies are grand and always comprise of amazing lighting. Lighting constitutes as an important part of the entire setting. The most striking features of the hotel lobby is the reception wall (feature wall), a sculpture, or the backdrop of the sculpture itself.

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Concept “Find beauty in not only the thing itself but in the pattern of the shadows, the light and the dark that thing provides.”

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-Junichiro Tanizaki Ideation The attempt was to integrate an organic form exploring potential of computational tools, understanding clay as a material (its strengths, weaknesses, textures etc.) and the light itself.

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(1)-(5) Hotel Lobby - Reference Images

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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“We perceive the nature of light from the surface that receives it.”

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R_Lab PREPARATION OF CLAY Step 1 Arranging a beaker/jug for measuring water, a metal wire to cut the clay in pieces and one bag of clay that weighs around 12.5 kgs, a bucket to mix clay, electronic mixer and a fastening belt.

Step 2 Tying up the bucket to a stable support using fastening belt.

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(2) Step 3 Cutting the block of clay in small chunks of clay and adding 500ml of water to the clay for mixing.

Step 4 Mixing the clay using the electronic mixer until a homogenous mixture of clay is formed.

Step 5 Filling up tubes of clay for printing.

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(1) Material and Equipments, (2) Clay cut in small chunks, (3) Using fastening belt, (4) Mixing the clay, (5) Filling up tube with clay

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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R_Lab DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 1 The idea was to create a backdrop for a reception area in a hotel lobby.

Discussion with Ryan and Lewis Though the walls would create shadow patterns, the idea of using light was with an external source which was not in accordance to the initial conceptual idea.

(2) Breaking down in parts

(1) Design Development : Concept 1

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Architectural Components : Task 2

(3) Creating individual bricks

The form or the pattern of the wall was something that could be achieved using Wood and CNC machines. So what is the real need of it being 3D printed? Always think whether, there any other options that could be cheaper and question the need of being 3D printed.

Reflections While designing we should take into consideration the real need of the object being 3D printed.

The real power of 3D printing is to explore and create objects that are complex and which really need 3D printing technology for creation.

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R_Lab DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 2 The idea was to create a backdrop wall for a reception area or a feature wall in a hotel lobby.

Discussion with Ryan and Lewis The wall served the purpose of being a light feature as a strong idea, but was too modular. It is like two types of bricks and multiple replications.

(2) Modular Brick : Type 1

But the real strength of 3D printing can be explored using digital computational tools like grasshopper where each brick can be unique and less modular.

Reflections A non-modular form can be created by printing unique bricks but having the same idea.

The real power of 3D printing is to explore and create objects that are complex and which really need 3D printing technology for creation.

(1) Design Development 2

3.0

Architectural Components : Task 2

(3) Modular Brick : Type 2

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R_Lab BRICK TEST - 1 The brick printed well at first but then it collapsed by self weight.

The bottom layer was disrupted because the height was not set up properly in grasshopper script.

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Reflection The brick needs internal supports to hold the curved surface intact.

It is important to check the height from which robot starts printing on the pad. Its important to also consider the change in thickness of the surface on which the brick is printed. Such disrupted layer may create defects or cracking while firing or it way affect the joinery of bricks.

(1) Designed brick, (2) Printed Brick, (3)-(4) Brick collapsed while shifting.

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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R_Lab BRICK TEST - 2 Step 1 Designing the object in rhino.

Step 2 Converting the object into a continuous surface with 5mm gap between adjacent sides. (The gap will change depending on the extrusion width)

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Step 3 Input the surface in to grasshopper script and change the settings to Continuous and Surface/Mesh (Refer Fig 3).

Step 4 Continuous spiral printing file is ready to be loaded in the robot to be printed.

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(1) Designed brick with supports, (2) Creating continuous single surface, (3) Step 3 - Upload the geometry curve in grasshopper script, (4) Script - Enable

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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R_Lab DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 2 The idea was to create a backdrop wall for a reception area or a feature wall in a hotel lobby.

Discussion with Ryan and Lewis The wall served the purpose of being a light feature as a strong idea, but was too modular. It is like two types of bricks and multiple replications.

(2) Modular Brick : Type 1

But the real strength of 3D printing can be explored using digital computational tools like grasshopper where each brick can be unique and less modular.

Reflections A non-modular form can be created by printing unique bricks but having the same idea.

The real power of 3D printing is to explore and create objects that are complex and which really need 3D printing technology for creation.

(1) Design Development 2

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Architectural Components : Task 2

(3) Modular Brick : Type 2

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(1) Design Development 3

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Architectural Components : Task 2

R_Lab

(2) Side Elevation

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PARAMETRIC WORKFLOW Step 1: Grasshopper script used to create the base parametric surface of the wall

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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PARAMETRIC WORKFLOW Step 2: Grasshopper script used to create the base parametric surface of the wall

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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PARAMETRIC WORKFLOW Step3: Merging the base surface and the convex surfaces together

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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PARAMETRIC WORKFLOW Step 4: Creating bricks by developing the sides and flat rear surface

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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PARAMETRIC WORKFLOW Step 5: Final bricks labelled and ready to be printed

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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R_Lab BRICK TEST PRINTING During the print process, we encountered some problems.

The first problem was deriving the relation between the speed of auger, speed of ram and printing speed to a best suitable level to print the bricks.

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(1) Test 1, (2) Test 2, (3) Test 3, (4) Test 4

Various tests were done by changing the values of the above parameters. We observed that some parameters caused each layer be too thick(slow robot speed), and some parameters will cause broken lines (high speed and low auger speed) and discontinuities in the last few layers of clay.

The robotic script had a prior setting of increasing the printing speed as it printed from bottom to top. Hence the bottom layers were printed precisely but the top layer got disrupted. This problem were altered befored printing the final bricks.

Image Source: Xiong and Shubbaam

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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R_Lab BRICK TEST PRINTING The layer heights is one of the important parameters in printing.

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If the layer height is too high, the successive layers do not get a base support of the layer beneath as the clay layer settles down after printing. This causes irregularities in the print. Even if the brick gets printed, the clay layers that are not stacked and settled eventually crack after drying.

If the layer height is too low the nozzle drags the clay of the subsequent layers causing deformities. It also creates blobs of extra clay on the surface which distort the brick face. The blob of clay may also be a result of some extra points overlapping in the script which can be changed manually in rhino and grasshopper.

(Refer Image 3 and 4).

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(1)-(2) Test 5, (3)-(4) Test 6

For printing the final bricks we used 5mm layer height.

Image Source: Shubbaam

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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R_Lab BRICK TEST PRINTING We used manual control mode for printing the bricks. If the stop button was not pushed on time, the clay would overfloe and may cause. It was important to keep an eye on the print so that we could turn of the clay supply as soon as brick is printed to prevent excess clay damaging the brick.

In the first version script, we did not separate the convex surface from the concave surface.The junction between them would appear very crowded and unsightly. So we modified the script a bit by leaving a 5mm gap between the concave and convex surfaces. This prevented the overlap and the extra clay deposit at the junction.

(1) Small size module brick test Image Source: Xiong

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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R_Lab BRICK TEST PRINTING We also realized that the brick was too small and the curved surfaces were too narrow to accommodate light fitting inside. So we increased the size of bricks and openings.

Following the changes and printing the bricks we observed that the width of each brick was too large, which led to the collapse of curved surfaces. In the subsequent design, we reduced the width of each brick so that the curved surfaces could support themselves.

(1) Bigger size module brick test Image Source: Xiong

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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Some of the final printed bricks Image Source: Xiong

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(1) Stacked bricks with LED lights creating a play of light and shadows Image Source: Xiong

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Architectural Components : Task 2

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(2) Light emitting out from the weaved pattern at the back of the brick Image Source: Xiong

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R_Lab

(1) Brick wall

Image Source : Xiong

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Design for Aesthetics

Design for Purpose

Our Proposal

3D Robotic Printing focused towards creating Aesthetic Columns.

Design Intent: To focus on using 3D Robotic printing to create a structure that is dynamic and which has a purpose of nurturing the flora and fauna.

Anthill : A natural column built by ants, made up of clay as a shelter

ECO-COLUMN

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CONTEXT | SITE CONSIDERATIONS

N AT U R A L T Y P O G R A P H Y

URBAN CITY GRID

Habitat Loss

Less pesticide within CBD

Cohabilitation

Nested within urban green spaces

bee sanctuaries within the Melbourne CITY parklands + Garden Patches

City sprawl with fragrance of wilderness

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URBAN CHALLENGE | THE PROBLEM

1.

Native Australian Bees are one of the most important pollinating species in the ecosystem.

Pollination is the process of flowering plants transferring pollen grain to one another.

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Bees are vital in the preservation of ecological balance and maintaining biodiversity within our ecosystems.

Making food production possible.

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Vital in foraging the crops used to feed our livestock and many staple crops we consume. Nearly twothirds of Australia’s agricultural production benefits from bee pollination.

NU TS BERRIES SEEDS FRUITS COFFEE...

It isnt just all the fruits and vegetables that we all love to eat, but even the meat in our burgers and our barbies (BBQ).

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CONCEPT

R_Lab

S E T PA R A M E T E R S H E LT E R R E F U G E

PRECEDENTS

BEE HOTELS + HO MES • • • •

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X

E X P L O R AT I O N

DISCOVERY

C O N T R O L VA L U E 1 SIZE OF MODULE XY

MATERIALS INFILL SOFT CLAY HARDWOOD TIMBER BAMBOO 3-10MM DIA

PROPOSAL

D E S I G N I T E R AT I O N S

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Y X

I D E AT I O N

PLANTERS PO LLINATERS • • • •

C O N T R O L VA L U E 2 SIZE OF OPE N INGS

3D PROTOTYPES

AUSTRALIAN NATIVE FLORA POLLINATING SPECIFIC ALL SEASONS IN A YEAR PLANTER DEPTH FUTURE PROOFING

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X

FA B R I C AT I O N

WAT E R C O L L E C T I O N WATER + FOO D • • •

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Y

C O N T R O L VA L U E 3 CON N ECT ION DE TAILS

WATER SOURCES SELF-SUSTAINING CLOSED-LOOP Z

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Y

C O N T R O L VA L U E 4 SUPPORT ING ST RUCT URE

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Y

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R_Lab NATIVE BEES Australia has over 1,700 species of native bees. They come in a startling array of colours and range from 2 to 26 mm in size.

Nearly all of Australia’s native bee species are solitary. Most of native bees are tiny, fragile, almost inconspicuous creatures and such bees would have great difficulty competing with the highly efficient commercial bees we have introduced from Europe.

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POLLINATING PLANTS Plants on biological column provide food for local native bees, and set up Bee Hotels to supply them with nest sites.

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(2) (1) Bee Pollination stations

Source: https://www.aussiebee.com.au/faq.html

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SHELTER/REFUGEE Bee Hotels can provide valuable nest sites for native bees. Bamboo canes, blocks of wood drilled with holes or clay soil will be filled in the void of the column as the shelter for native bees.

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R_Lab REFUGIO - SOLITARY BEE SHELTER A series of three structures for solitatry bees within built up urban environments. Exploring three aspects of basic needs for bees, these include: - Shelter - Waterer - Feeder

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(1) Refugio Shelter, (2) Feeder , (3) Water collector, (4) Material Pallette

Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2018/10/30/maliarts-refugio-shelters-bees-design/

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Final Project : Task 3

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R_Lab THE INSECT HOTEL, ARUP ASSOCIATES Luxury bug hotels in london, components based voronoi patternation, which is derived from the dragonflys wing and closely resembles the honeycomb.

It is infilled with different materials like wood, bamboo, clay etc.

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(1)-(4) The insect hotel, Arup Associates

Source : https://www.designboom.com/architecture/arup-associates-insect-hotel/

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R_Lab DESIGN ITERATION-1 - Idea od the eco-column is to maintain our ecological plant diversity through polination stations designed for various native species - native bees, etc.

- The purpose is to provide pollinating species such as native bees with water, food and shelter all-in-one.

- Designed as a small scale intervention within the context of Melbourne city gardens and parklands.

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(1) (1) Conceptual Column, (2) Reference | Gabrielle Baecile. 2010 Modeled by Shubbaam

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R_Lab DESIGN ITERATION-2 - Building upon previous ideas on clay crackling, thought of dividing bricks into a more modular but still interesting form to be fabricated.

- Issue 1: Due to the way the bricks would fit together, it makes it difficult to design for features within the column i.e planters & water collection feature. Idea of designing via “modules” would not work.

- Issue 2: Fabrication of each brick would be complicated on a curved surface.

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(1) (1) Cairo Pattern on column face, (2) Cairo Pattern Modeled by Lynn

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R_Lab DESIGN ITERATION-3 - Drawing from ideas from Task 1.

- Utilizing twisting forms to create column form then dividing them into individual building blocks for fabrication.

- Bricks are then staggered to create vertical openings.

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(1)-(3) Rhino Modeling of column, (2) Planter brick: Johnny assignment 2 Modeled by Johnny

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R_Lab FINAL DESIGN ITERATION-01 - Circular column utilizing varying opening sizes from bottom to top.

- Function (planter, bee hotel, water collection feature) to be split from bottom-up.

- Issues: Fabricate bricks with a curved face would be tough to engineer in a week’s time.

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(1) (1)-(3) Final Design Iteration - 1 Modeled by Lynn

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R_Lab FINAL DESIGN ITERATION-02 - Similar concept to iteration 1 except in trianguar form.

- Moves away from “Teraplanter” aesthetic - Individual bricks are fabricatable.

- Issues: Brick extrusion, corner connection details.

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(1) (1)-(2) Final Design Iteration - 2 Modeled by Lynn

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R_Lab FINAL DESIGN ITERATION-03 - Final deign for planter. Opted for a triangular form due to fabrication issues with the curved form.

- Planters designed into the corner pieces. Packing entire planter/ corner pieces with soil will allow for stability in the structural connection to the SHS supports.

- Issue: Total brick count: 228.

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(1) (1)-(3) Final Design Iteration - 3 Modeled by Lynn

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R_Lab PROTOTYPING The brick size was too large and could not be printed in one entire tube.

We figured that we need to scale down the brick size and increase the number of bricks to make it printable in one clay tube.

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(3) (1) 3D printed brick, (2) Rhino model of the brick, (3) Arrangement of the bricks Modeled and printed : Shubbaam, Image Source : Ningning

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R_Lab PROTOTYPING The supports were designed at the centre of each face rather than the corners. Hence the corners started to stoop down by self weight and eventually cracked after drying as the adjacent layers could not support each other.

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(1)-(3) Rhino model of the brick, (2)-(4) 3D printed brick

Modeled and printed : Shubbaam, Image Source : Ningning

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Final Project : Task 3

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R_Lab PROTOTYPING The form helps to save up some material and supports the structure as a buttress. The edges are well supported and are printed smoothly without deforming.

The only problem that we faced was to design an interlocking joinery with the bricks.

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(1)-(3) Rhino model of the brick, (2)-(4) 3D printed brick

Modeled and printed : Shubbaam, Image Source : Ningning

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R_Lab PROTOTYPING The brick failed to print properly because the angle of the curve was to steep.

We also observed that the water content in the clay mixture also affects its strength.

As we reused some of the used clay, the water content in some mixture varied a bit. While printing few bricks with a steep curve using the clay mixture with more water content , the layers stooped downwards creating some irregularities in the print.

(1) (1) 3D printed brick-For Planter

Modeled and printed : Jia, Image Source : Ningning

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R_Lab PROTOTYPING After a lot of iterations we figured out that this curved interlocking joinery works efficiently.

The curve structure supports the internal structure and we could get rid of some internal additional supports, eventually saving a lot of material.

We also tried to explore the same kind of joinery detail with the adjacent brick, but after printing and stacking the bricks we realized there is no need to develop an extra joinery detail as the structure was well supported by its own self weight and downward load transfer.

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(1) Rhino model of the brick, (2) 3D printed brick-For polination Modeled, printed and Image Source : Ningning

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(1) Brick module - Front

Image Source : Ningning

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(1) Brick module - Back

Image Source : Ningning

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(1) Brick module - Joinery Detail Image Source : Ningning

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(1) Planter module - Front Image Source : Ningning

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(1) Planter module 2

Image Source : Ningning

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(1) Planter Module stacked on top of each other which will be filled with soil Image Source : Ningning

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Final Project : Task 3

59

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Half corner brick module - Front Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

60

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column corner detail

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

61

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column corner detail

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

62

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column corner detail

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

63

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column corner detail

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

64

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column stacking up

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

65

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column stacking up

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

66

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column stacking up

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

67

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

(1) Column stacking up

Image Source : Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

68

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

Assembly of bricks | Model by Lynn and Jia

(1) Assembly of bricks

Modeled by Lynn and Jia

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

69

Made By Robots - SUM 21 DELIVERABLES

R_Lab WHEN

Y/N

COMPLETED BY COMMENTS

0. Functions - Water, Shelter, Planter (shape and how they work?)

Y

JX

0. Water - Corner Piece?

Y

SR

0. Shelter - Material Infill - test?

Y

TZ

0. Planter - how big are the opening does it work?

Y

JX

1. Size UV Value as Overall - aesthetics + time to print one and how much clay

Y

LC

2. Size of Openings

Y

SR, TZ

3. Joinery Connection Details X3

Y

TZ YC

4. Support Design? Infill

Y

TZ

5. Material Sourcing - Bamboo, Pine, Cork, Soft Clay

Y

JX

6. Refinement of Design for Rendering

Y

LC

7. Corner Pieces - Water Collection + Column

Y

SR

8. Finalise the Design Script ready for Render/ Production

Y

TZ LC SR

Feedback 22/02 - Ryan/ Lewis i. Reduce Material in Cell Design

N

SR

ii. Scaling the Cell from Top to Bottom

Y

LC

iii. Non-Planar Layer Scripts - Tapering Effect

N

JX

iv. Resolve the Corner Piece

Y

LC SR JX

v. Connection Joining Details

Y

TZ

vi. Changing the Size of the Brick

Y

TZ

vii. Sort out the Cycle Time of Prints - Excel

Y

JX

viii. Print Volume and Time - Excel

Y

JX

x. production timelines and schedules.

Y

JX

Corner Brick - Resolve & Test

Y

SR

Grasshopper - Connection Detail

Y

TZ

Non-Planar Tests

N

LC

Join Test - Sikaflex

N

Material Reduction ended up the same Don't need it. Group decision

Feedback 25/02 - Ryan/ Lewis

Render Column

Y

LC

Planter - Shape & Connections

Y

SR

Don't need it. Group decision

SUBMISSION - DELIVERABLES Video Process Production

YC

Presentation Slides (Story, Idea, Concept, Development, Challenges, Refinement, Future)

Y

LC SR JX

1. Renders (Context, Site, Details, Perspectives)

Y

LC JX

2. Process Images

Y

TZ YC

3. Context - Site

N

4. Idea Concept

Y

JX

5. Diagrams of Tests

Y

LC JX

1:1 Fired Modules with Material Infill (Soft Clay, Bamboo, Pine)

Y

JX

Production of the 1:1 Model (1.5m)

Y

LC SR JX TZ YC

Production Timelines and Schedules

Y

LC JX

Tests, failed pieces, sketches, etc

Y

LC SR JX TZ YC

Prototypes

Y

LC SR JX TZ YC

(1) Production Derliverables Managed by : Jia (Johnny)

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

70

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

PROJECT TIMELINE GANT CHART GROUP 01_COL Year Date

2021 8-Feb

10-Feb

Stage Duration

11-Feb

12-Feb

13-Feb

14-Feb

15-Feb

16-Feb

17-Feb

W1

Week Mon Day Project Day 1

Stage Description

9-Feb

8

14-Feb

02_Prototyping

4

18-Feb

19-Feb

20-Feb

21-Feb

22-Feb

23-Feb

24-Feb

W2

25-Feb

27-Feb

28-Feb

1-Mar

2-Mar

3-Mar

Thurs

Fri

Sat

Sun

Mon

Tues

Wed

Thurs

Fri

Sat

Sun

Mon

Tues

Wed

Thurs

Fri

Sat

Sun

Mon

Tues

Wed

Thurs

Fri

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Robot Booked 5pm

Robot Booked 9am 5pm

Robot Booked 9am 5pm

Robot Booked 1pm 9pm

Robot Booked 9am 9pm

Robot Booked 9am 5pm IDEATION DEVELOPMENT

Robot Booked 1pm

Robot Booked 1pm

Robot Booked 9am

COVID CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTOTYPING X X

X X

2C_Prototype 03 - Material Reduction

X

2D_Prototype 04 - Edge Corner Detail

X

2E_Prototype 05 - Planter Modules

X REFINEMENT

20-Feb

X

3A_Connection Details

PRODUCTION

3B_Assembly + Production 3C_Production Percentage

7%

35%

8

11 Fire

3D_Hours Logged (hrs) 04_Production

3

24-Feb

05_Assembly

1

24-Feb

06_Renders

5

07_Presentation

5

Fire

Processing Time

85%

99%

11 5 Processing Time

40_Drying Time + Print Times 4A_Time vs Clay Volume + Tube Max 4B_Cycle Time to Print ASSEMBLY RENDERS PRESENTATION WIP

(1) Timeline

Managed by : Jia (Johnny)

4.0

5-Mar

W4

Wed

2B_Prototype 02 - Connection + Joinery

4

4-Mar

2

2A_Prototype 01 - Shape + Size of OpeningsShelter Modules

03_Refinement

26-Feb

W3

Tues

End Date

01_Ideation

18-Feb

TASK 03 DUE - PRESENTATION 2-5PM

8-Feb 25-Feb 3.43

Project Start Date: Project End Date: Project Duration Weeks:

Final Project : Task 3

71

Made By Robots - SUM 21

209

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

03/03

WET

PRINTED

03/03

WET

LC YES

210

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

LC YES

211

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

TZ YES

212

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

TZ YES

213

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

TZ YES

12

COL_01 28/02

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

28/02

DRY YC

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

28/02

DRY TZ

103

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY TZ

YES

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

105

02/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

106

02/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

107

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

108

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

109

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

28/02

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

110

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

111

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

112

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

COL_01

301

28/2

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET YC

YES

302

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY YC

YES

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

306

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET MAYBE

02/03

WET TZ

MAYBE

307

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

COMPLETE Overall Status COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED Status WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

MAYBE

Face A02/03

WET PRINTED

Face B02/03

WET PRINTED

Face C02/03

Quality

COMPLETE

MAYBE

02/03

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

COMPLETE Overall Status COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED Status WET PRINTED

WET TZ YES File SetWET TZ up YES WET TZ YES

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

WET TZ File Set- YES WET TZ up YES

Quality

02/03

304

Status Production Date

Overall Status

Face A

Face B

File Setup

Face C

Quality

Brick Module

Production Date

Overall Status

Face A

COLUMN 02

Face B STATUS

DATE

305

Brick 308 Module 309

02/03

Production Date

310

Status

STATUS

DATE

File Setup

Face C

Quality

Brick 311 Module 312

Production Date

PRINTED

CORNER COLUMN 02

STATUS

DATE

YES

02/03

303

Brick Module

MAYBE

104

12

Total Maybe (/228) 10

R_Lab

101 102

Face A

STATUS

DATE

Face B

STATUS

DATE

02/03

Face C

02/03

Total Maybe (/228) 10

STATUS

DATE

201

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET

PRINTED

28/02

DRY

PRINTED

28/02

DRY

TZ YES

d1 201

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 03/03

DRY MAYBEPRINTED WET

02/03 28/02

WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 28/02

WET DRY SR

TZ MAYBE YES

202

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY

PRINTED

28/02

DRY

PRINTED

28/02

DRY

TZ YES

d2 202

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 28/02

WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 28/02

WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 28/02

WET DRY SR

TZ YES YES

203

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

TZ YES

d3 203

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

28/02

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

LC YES

d4 204

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

28/02 01/03

WET DRY SR WET DRY SR

TZ MAYBE YES

COMPLETE

205

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

LC YES

d5 205

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

LC YES

d6 206

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 03/03

02/03 01/03

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

03/03

WET

LC YES

d7 207

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

03/03

WET

LC YES

d8 208

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

WET SR WET SR

LC YES

208

COMPLETE COMPLETE

WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

207

WET PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

WET DRY SR WET DRY SR

LC YES

206

COMPLETE COMPLETE

WET DRY MAYBEPRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

01/03

WET DRY MAYBEPRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

28/02 01/03

204

COMPLETE COMPLETE

209

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

03/03

WET

PRINTED

03/03

WET

LC YES

d9 209

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

LC YES

d10 210

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

211

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

TZ YES

d11 211

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

TZ YES

d12 212

01/03

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

02/03 01/03

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

PRINTED

01/03

DRY

TZ YES

d13 213

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 01/03

213

WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED DRY PRINTED PRINTED

WET DRY SR WET DRY SR

TZ YES

212

COMPLETE COMPLETE

WET PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 03/03

01/03

WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED PRINTED

02/03 03/03

210

COMPLETE COMPLETE

02/03 01/03

DRY SR

TZ YES

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03 28/02

WET DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

03/03 28/02

WET DRY LC YC WET DRY LC TZ

MAYBE

01/03

WET DRY PRINTED DRY PRINTED

02/03 28/02

PRINTED

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03 01/03

03/03 01/03

WET DRY LC TZ WET DRY LC TZ

YES

03/03 02/03

WET DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

03/03 01/03

PRINTED

WET DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03 01/03

03/03 02/03

WET DRY LC TZ WET DRY LC TZ

YES

03/03 01/03

WET DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

03/03 02/03

PRINTED

WET DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03 02/03

01/03 02/03

WET DRY LC TZ WET LC TZ

YES

03/03 02/03

DRY PRINTED WET PRINTED

02/03

PRINTED

DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03 28/02

03/03 28/02

WET LC TZ WET LC TZ

YES

03/03 01/03

WET PRINTED WET PRINTED

03/03 02/03

PRINTED

DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03 02/03

03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03

03/03 02/03

WET LC TZ WET LC TZ

YES

03/03 02/03

WET PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

03/03 02/03

PRINTED

WET PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET LC

PRINTED

28/02

01/03

WET PRINTED DRY PRINTED

03/03

01/03

02/03 01/03

WET YC DRY LC YC

PRINTED

01/03 02/03

DRY PRINTED DRY PRINTED DRY MAYBE PRINTED

03/03

PRINTED

02/03

COMPLETE COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03 02/03

02/03

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03 02/03

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03 02/03

PRINTED

01/04 02/03

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/05 02/03

PRINTED MAYBE

01/06 02/03

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED MAYBE

01/07 02/03

PRINTED

01/08 02/03

COMPLETE COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

MAYBE

12

12

COL_01

101

28/02

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

28/02

DRY YC

MAYBE

L01 101

28/02

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

28/02

DRY TZ

YES

L02 102

01/03

103

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY TZ

YES

L03 103

01/03

104

02/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

L04 104

02/03

105

02/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

L05 105

02/03

106

02/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

L06 106

02/03

107

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

L07 107

108

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

L08 108

109

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

28/02

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

L09 109

110

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

L10 110

111

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

L11 111

112

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

L12 112 L13 12

COL_01

301

28/2

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

DRY PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET YC

YES

301

302

01/03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY YC

YES

R01 302

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

R02 303

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

R03 304

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY TZ

YES

R04 305

306

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET MAYBE

02/03

WET TZ

MAYBE

R05 306

307

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

R06 307

308

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

R07 308

309

COMPLETE

MAYBE

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

R08 309

310

COMPLETE

MAYBE

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

R09 310

311

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

R10 311

312

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET TZ

YES

R11 312

303

02/03

304 305

02/03

R12

CORNER

02/03 01/03 02/03 01/03 02/03 01/03 02/03 01/03 02/03 01/03 02/03 01/03

02/03 01/03 02/03 01/03 02/03 03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03 01/03 02/03 01/03

WET SR WET DRY SR

LC YES LC YES LC YES LC YES LC YES TZ YES

Edge Pieces (Left) COL_01

102

12

28/02 01/03

COL_01 Edge Pieces (Right) 28/2 01/03

CORNER

02/03 01/03 03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03

03/03 28/02 03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03 03/03 02/03

DRY PRINTED DRY PRINTED

28/02 02/03

DRY PRINTED DRY PRINTED WET MAYBE

02/03

DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED WET

02/03

DRY PRINTED WET DRY MAYBE WET PRINTED

02/03 02/03

02/03

DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED WET

02/03

01/03 02/03

DRY PRINTED DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED DRY PRINTED WET

01/03 02/03

DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED WET

01/05 02/03

DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED WET

01/07 02/03

02/03

DRY PRINTED WET DRY PRINTED

02/03 01/04 02/03 01/06 02/03 01/08 02/03

YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES

WET DRY LC TZ DRY LC WET TZ

MAYBE YES

WET DRY LC TZ DRY LC WET TZ

YES

WET LC TZ WET LC TZ

YES

WET LC TZ DRY LC WET TZ

YES YES

02/03

WET LC TZ WET LC TZ

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET LC

YES

02/03 02/03 02/03 02/03

YES YES MAYBE YES MAYBE YES YES

d1

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY MAYBE

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

MAYBE

R13 d1

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03 02/03

DRY PRINTED MAYBE

01/03 02/03

DRY MAYBE WET PRINTED

02/03

DRY LC WET SR

MAYBE

d2

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d2

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d3

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

WET MAYBE

28/02

WET MAYBE

02/03

WET SR

MAYBE

d3

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

WET MAYBE

28/02

WET MAYBE

02/03

WET SR

MAYBE

d4

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

WET PRINTED

28/02

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d4

COMPLETE

PRINTED

28/02

WET PRINTED

28/02

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d5

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d5

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d6

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d6

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d7

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d7

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d8

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d8

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d9

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d9

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d10

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d10

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d11

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d11

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d12

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d12

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET SR

YES

d13

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY SR

YES

d13

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

DRY SR

YES

(1) Production Timeline

Edge Pieces (Left)

Edge Pieces (Left)

01/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L01

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

WET PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L02

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L02

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L03

COMPLETE

PRINTED

02/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L04

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L04

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L05

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L05

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L06

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L06

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L07

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET LC

L07

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET LC

L08

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L08

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L09

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

DRY PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L09

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

DRY PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L10

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L10

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L11

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L11

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L12

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

L12

COMPLETE

PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET PRINTED

03/03

WET LC

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET LC

L13

COMPLETE

PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

01/03

DRY PRINTED

02/03

WET LC

COMPLETE

L01

PRINTED

Managed by : Lynn and Ningning

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

L13

Edge Pieces (Right)

Edge Pieces (Right)

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PRODUCTION SCHEDULE CHART GROUP 01_COL Clay Usage Estimate Calculator Printed Module

Clay Tube 673835

Volume cubic millimeters (mm3) Contour Layer Height (mm)

5

Pipe Diameter (mm)/ Sweep1

Volume (mm3)

7

mm3 to kg

- Minus Minimum End (%)

1000000

- Est Non-Printable Volume (mm3)

2.5

Clay Density (kg) Total Kilograms (kg/mm3)

Brick Number

Weight (kg)

Total Printable Volume (mm3) No. of Prints in One Tube

1.685

Kilograms (kg/mm3)

Volume

To print with

Comments

No. of tubes per face 4.8

11

1920000 0.1 192000

Each tube 2-5 bricks

1728000 2.6

Calc (excess)

0.754

301480.99 R1, R07, R13

R02

0.981

392212.09

R03

0.989

395701.81 R03, R11 + R4, R10 R03, R11, R05, R09

R04

0.977

390760.02

4,10

R05

0.924

369773.26

5,9

R06

0.924

369696.96

6,8

R07

0.925

369875.97

R08

0.925

370026.07

R09

0.925

369958.80

R10

0.924

R11

All to be printed on one board

List to Print

1728000

R01

Notes

Tube no.

Brick no. (Estimate)

Tube 1

209, 210, R01, L01

209, 210, R01

R01 - same board as R07, R13

Tube 2

208 x3

208, 208

^ There is alr a board with R07 on it & another with R13

Tube 3

205, 213, R02, R06

205, 213, R02, R06

R13 - same board as R07 & R01 above.

Tube 4

R05, R07, R08, R09, R13 R08, R05, R09, R07

102, 103

65130.73

209, 210, R01

2, 12 202745.20 3,11

R10, L07, L13, R13

Brick no. (Actual)

L07, L13 - same board as L01.

Tube 5

209, 210

Last of each brick

Tube 6

R03, R04, L02

R03 - Same board as R11

Tube 7

R04 - same board as R10

Tube 8

R10, R11, L07, L09, L13

R10, L07, L13, L09, R13

205, 206

Tube 9

102, 103

102, 103

369454.32

203, 204

Tube 10

102, 102

102, 102

0.923

369338.65

206, 207, 213

Tube 11

209, 210, R01

R01, 209, 210

R12

0.902

360981.94

203, 204

Tube 12

R10, L07, L13, L09, R13

R13, R10, L07, L13

R13

0.596

238318.28

203, 204, R4

Tube 13

102, 102, 110

102, 102

207, 207

Tube 14

L01

0.754

301480.99

103, 103

Tube 15

209, 210, R01

209, 210

L02

0.981

392212.09

211, 211, 211, 212

207, 209

Tube 16

221, R03, R04, L02

R03, R04, L02

L03

0.989

395701.81

Tube 17

205, 206, 213

205, 206

L04

0.977

390760.02

113 not possible to print

Tube 18

203, 204

204, 203

1, 7, 13

Start here --->

105, 105 106, 106

R06, 205, 213, R02 R07, R05, R09, R08

110

L05

0.924

369773.26

104, 104

113 not possible to print

Tube 19

206, 207, 213

206, 207, 213

0.924

369696.96

104, 104

113 not possible to print

Tube 20

203, 204, R04

203, 204, R04

R03, R11 + R4

R03, R11 - one board (already nested)

Tube 21

203, 204

203, 204

^ R4 + R10 - one board (already nested)

Tube 22

207, 207

207, 207

L07

0.925

369875.97

L08

0.925

370026.07

L09

0.925

369958.80

104, 104, D13, D13

113 not possible to print

Tube 23

103, 103

103, 103

R03, R11 + R05, R09

R03, R11 - one board (already nested)

Tube 24

211, 211, 2111, 212

211, 211, 2111, 212

103, 107, D13

Tube 9

211, R03, R04, L02

105, 105, R13

Tube 7

202,203, L03

L10

0.924

369454.32

0.923

369338.65

L12

0.902

360981.94

L13

0.596

238318.28

x2 x2

206, 208, L01

206, 208, 212

L06

L11

10 min

^ R05 + R09 - one board (already nested) D1, D2

715165.36

201

1.478

591379.66

105, 106

Tube 8

207, L04, L05, L08

202

1.685

673835.00

106, 106, R12

Tube 11

204, L12, ++

203

1.645

658190.60

107, 107, R4

Tube x

102, 203, L3

204

1.630

651852.70

Tube 6

R12, L06, L10, L11

203, 204

417956.70

107, 107, 112

205

1.525

610028.30

205, 206, 213

170109.99

108, 108, R10

206

1.492

596735.20

206, 207, 213

194422.19

108, 108, R12

207

1.464

585716.10

108, 102, R02

208

1.439

575565.80

109, 109, 109

209

1.409

563677.30

109, 109, 109

210

1.379

551714.40

109, 110, 110, 112

D4, D3

211

1.362

544875.10

D6, D6

D3, D2

212

1.333

533331.40

D6, D7, L01

D1, D2, R01

213

0.878

351126.51

D7, D7, L01

D1, D6, D05

D8, D8

D05, D05, 112

D8, D8 (reprint)

D9, D9, R07

101

1.478

591379.66

102

1.685

673835.00

177118.21

D09, D10, D10

103

1.645

658190.60

484093.30

D10, D11, D11

104

1.630

651852.70 104, 104, 113

424294.60

L13

105

1.525

610028.30

106

1.492

596735.20 106, 106, 113

534529.60

107

1.464

585716.10

556567.80

108

1.439

575565.80 108, 108, R10

31993.30

109

1.409

563677.30

36968.10

110

1.379

551714.40

R6, R8

111

1.362

544875.10

R1, R7, R13 + R2, R12

112

1.333

533331.40

301

1.478

591379.66

R10 - same board as R4

D11, D12, D12

1727789 175958.08

R1, R7, R13 - All on one board (already nested, hole on window side) ^ R2, R12 - also on one board, hole on window side

(1) Production and Print optimization. Calculated how much clay needed per print + which bricks to print together in order to maximize clay & print time.

302

1.685

673835.00

303

1.645

658190.60

304

1.630

651852.70

305

1.525

610028.30

306

1.492

596735.20

307

1.464

585716.10

308

1.439

575565.80

309

1.409

563677.30

310

1.379

551714.40

311

1.362

544875.10

312

1.333

533331.40

Managed by : Lynn

4.0 D01 D02

Final Project : Task 3

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R_Lab

Final Renders of the Column

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

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R_Lab

Final Renders of the Column

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

75

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

Final Renders of the Column

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

76

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab

Final Renders of the Column

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

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R_Lab

Final Renders of the Column

4.0

Final Project : Task 3

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5.0

Precedents

R_Lab

79

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab TERRAPERFORMA Terraperforma is a project by IAAC developed at an open thesis fabrication in 2017. The project combines Robotic fabrication, OnSite Printing and Printing with Clay.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form The projections cast shadows on the niches thus lowering the heat gain by the wall and the internal waffles create air gaps to reduce heat gain.

Function A series of physical tests and digital simulations were carried out for wall prototype with respect to solar radiation; day-light; thermal conductivity, convection & mass; and Structural Behavior.

(1) TerraPerforma, Needlab, 2017

Source: https://www.needlab.org/terraperforma

5.0

Precedent - 1

Material A perfect ratio ofmaterial such as hexametaphosphate,water and gelatin were added to clay to make a composite mixture. This added strength and reduced the drying period of the mixture.

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R_Lab Tools and Digital Softwares RHINO CFD, Ladybug, Karamba Softwares were used to simulate wind, sun and structural behaviour.

The team also developed machines, such as Hygrothermal Monitoring Apparatus and the Load Machine, to pursue further studies.

Structure The form of the bricks create an interlocking structure, and the internal ribs in the bricks add to its strength. Hence no additional reinforcements are required as supports. The structure is load bearing and self supported.

(2) TerraPerforma, Needlab, 2017

Source: https://www.needlab.org/terraperforma

5.0

Precedent - 1

Innovation/Exploration A series of physical tests and digital simulations were carried out for wall prototype with respect to solar radiation; day-light; thermal conductivity, convection & mass; and Structural Behavior. These tests helped to understand the potentials of clay as a material and its properties under varied conditions.

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R_Lab Printing Perforation Microperformations are created through a continuous line through the infill layer print, which at one point in the trajectory gets deviated thus creating an opening (Fig 3).

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Limitations/ Future Opportunity Something to rethink is that, can a composite brick be created using the voids inside the brick to infill with insulating materials, thus reducing the thickness of the bricks.

(3) Brick structure, (4) Manufacturing and Assembly of bricks, (5) Perforations in brick, (6) Dried bricks Source: https://www.needlab.org/terraperforma

5.0

Precedent - 1

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R_Lab TRIPLE ‘S’ Siam Research and Innovation Company (SRI) is a Thailand-based cement manufacturer that has been developing innovations to push the limits of 3D printing in architecture. Their project ‘Triple S’ was developed in the year 2017.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form The form was based on traditional Thai craftsmanship to generate idea for surface and structure together. It was a fusion of design and structure carefully thought through exploring potentials of 3D printing.

Function The structure was not designed just to explore the aesthetical artistic feature but to also serves the function of a shelter.

Triple S , Siam Research and Innovation Company (SRI), 2017 Source: https://www.archdaily.com/887403/3d-printing-fuses-thai-craftsmanship-to-create-habitable-concretestructures

5.0

Precedent - 2

Material A mixture of concrete was used print the entire structure.

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R_Lab Innovation/Exploration The complexity of cementitious material technology is applied allowing for less weight compared to a traditional fabrication unit such as precast. This will reduce the use of material and makes it a more sustainble technique.

(1)

(2)

(4)

(3)

(1) Concept Derivation, (2) 3D robotic printing using concrete, (3) Concrete panels joint together, (4) Entire structure

assembled together. Source: https://www.archdaily.com/887403/3d-printing-fuses-thai-craftsmanship-to-createhabitable-concrete-structures

5.0

Precedent - 2

Structure The inner truss is designed for structural purpose in order to withstand the load. After printing, the 3D printing concrete panel is fabricated with the pattern and serves as a structure for holding its weight. After fabrication, the weaving pattern of final module acts as a truss for structural purposes. The hollow parts can house the conduits and piping needed for the shelter.

Limitations/Future Opportunity As concrete is a fast setting and non reuseable material, there is no scope for errors and reprinting.

Could these forms and patterns be achieved in more natural materials like clay could be the next challenge.

84

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R_Lab SALTYGLOO Created by Emerging Objects founders, Ronald Rael and Virginia San Fratello, the Saltygloo is an artistic experiment in using 3D printing technology and additive manufacturing techniques to turn local materials into resilient structures.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form The doubly curved form of the Saltygloo is drawn from the forms found in the Inuit igloos.

Function It looks like a pavilion or can be used as a partition wall that is translucent and the modularity gives the ease of form.

Saltygloo, Emerging Objects,2013 Source: http://emergingobjects.com/project/saltygloo/

5.0

Precedent - 3

Material The Saltygloo is made of a combination of salt harvested from the San Francisco Bay and glue, a “salty glue”. It is an ideal 3D printing material, as it is strong, waterproof, lightweight, translucent and inexpensive.

85

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab Innovation/Exploration The makers tried to explore the translucent qualities of the material (a product of the fabrication process and the properties of natural salt). This allows natural light to penetrate in the internal space, which highlights the assembly and structure.

(1)

(2)

Structure The panels are connected together to form a rigid shell, further supported with lightweight aluminium rods flexed in tension.

Limitations The scaling up of the module can be challenging considering the brittle properties of salt.

(4)

(3)

(1) Translucent light penetrating inside, (2) Alunimium rods for support , (3)-(4) Saltygloo modular panel

Source: http://emergingobjects.com/project/saltygloo/

5.0

Precedent - 3

86

Made By Robots - SUM 21

R_Lab GAIA HOUSE WASP, a 3D printing studio based out of Italy, have produced a fullscale residential prototype project, named Gaia House made up of natural ans waste materials.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form The printing of material based on raw earth, straw and rice husk is controlled through articulated weaves able to confer at the same time construction stability and geometric pattern variation along the entire wall development.

Function The project aims to create a template for mass-produced biodegradable, sustainable, cost effective and structurally efficient structures.

Gaia House, Wasp, 2018 Source: https://www.3dwasp.com/en/3d-printed-house-gaia/

5.0

Precedent - 4

Material Natural waste materials such as vegetable fibers compiled of 25% local soil, 40% straw chopped rice, 25% rice husk, and 10% hydraulic lime, made workable through the use of a wet pan mill.

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R_Lab Innovation/Exploration It has been designed with the aim of integrating natural ventilation systems and thermo-acoustic insulation systems in one solution.

The voids on the outer surface (Fig 2) provides moment of air to reduce heat gain and rise husks were poured into the cavities to insulate the structure.

(1)

(2)

(4)

(3)

(1) 3D visualization explaining the structural behaviour, (2) Wall detail(Plan), (3) Crane and truss installation for printing, (4) Rice husk poured in cavity as insulation

Structure The walls are 435 mm thick with cavity created with weaved structure that add to the support.

The complete structure is load bearing with wooden frame as support for roof. Wooden sill and lintels are installed for doors and window openings.

Limitations A big crane and support are needed for construction and it to be difficult to fabricated indoors.

A continuous supply of material is required to print. Special care to be taken about climatic conditions as it might affect the strength of the clay mixture.

Source: https://www.3dwasp.com/en/3d-printed-house-gaia/

5.0

Precedent - 4

88

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R_Lab BUILDING BYTES Brian Peters, (co-founder of Amsterdam-based Design Lab Workshop) research examined the process of creating “ceramics at the scale of architecture” while working with fixed limitations such as storage systems and the size of a desktop 3D printer.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form The advantage of the form is that the bricks can be stacked vertically to create a solid wall, or can be stacked horizontally to create a porosity like a partition wall.

Function Peters testing of fabrication process was focused on the uniformity of bricks printed multiple times and variations in relation to a specific form (such as a dome).

Building Bytes, Design Lab Workshop Source: https://architizer.com/blog/practice/materials/another-rapid-prototyping-feat-ceramic-bricks-made-with-3dprinters/

5.0

Precedent - 5

Material The material used for printing is the liquid earthenware recipe, normally used in mould-making, to create a series of ceramic bricks.

89

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R_Lab Innovation/Exploration The focus of the workshop was to explore different kinds of bricks, that would help create different kinds of form, even with the modular rigidity they possess.

(1)

(2)

(4)

(3)

Structure The brick modules can be stacked in a vertical and horizontal position and can also be staggereged to reduce continuous vertical joints.

The wall made using these bricks can be load bearing and can stand unsupported without reinforcement. The interlocking of the bricks provide stability against any lateral forces on the wall.

Limitations As the bricks are modular and repetitive, it is a constant form the can be generated. The full potential of 3D printing could be further explored using advanced computational parametric tools to generate a less monotonous form having the same function.

(1) Brick explorations, (3) Verical and horizontal brick stacking, (3) Interlocking brick type A , (4) Interlocking brick type B.

Source: https://architizer.com/blog/practice/materials/another-rapid-prototyping-feat-ceramic-bricks-made-with-3dprinters/

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Precedent - 5

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R_Lab QUAKE COLUMN Brian Peters, (co-founder of Amsterdam-based Design Lab Workshop) research examined the process of creating “ceramics at the scale of architecture” while working with fixed limitations such as storage systems and the size of a desktop 3D printer.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form The advantage of the form is that the bricks can be stacked vertically to create a solid wall, or can be stacked horizontally to create a porosity like a partition wall.

Function Peters testing of fabrication process was focused on the uniformity of bricks printed multiple times and variations in relation to a specific form (such as a dome).

Quake Column, Emerging Objects Source: http://emergingobjects.com/project/quake-column/

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Precedent - 6

Material The material used for printing is the liquid earthenware recipe, normally used in mould-making, to create a series of ceramic bricks.

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R_Lab Innovation/Exploration The focus of the workshop was to explore different kinds of bricks, that would help create different kinds of form, even with the modular rigidity they possess.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(5)

(4)

Structure The brick modules can be stacked in a vertical and horizontal position and can also be staggereged to reduce continuous vertical joints.

The wall made using these bricks can be load bearing and can stand unsupported without reinforcement. The interlocking of the bricks provide stability against any lateral forces on the wall.

Limitations As the bricks are modular and repetitive, it is a constant form the can be generated. The full potential of 3D printing could be further explored using advanced computational parametric tools to generate a less monotonous form having the same function.

(1) Brick explorations, (2)-(4) Verical and horizontal brick stacking, (4) Brick numbering, (5) Brick interlocking joints

Source: http://emergingobjects.com/project/quake-column/

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Precedent - 6

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R_Lab CABIN OF CURIOSITIES The 3D printed cabin brings many of ‘Emerging Objects’ material, software, and hardware experiments together to demonstrate the architectural potential of manufacturing a weather tight structurally sound building.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form Designed in a shape of a simple house this cabin house has a green planter wall and shingle like printed modules on the top and sides to make the structure weather tight.

Function Emerging Objects used the relaxed codes of Oakland government for experimenting backyard cottages towards addressing housing problems at a micro scale.

Cabin of 3D Printed Curiosities, Emerging Objects, 2018 Source: http://emergingobjects.com/project/cabin-of-3d-printed-curiosities/

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Precedent - 7

Material Several different materials are used, including shades of portland cement, sawdust, chardonnay pomace, and combinations thereof.

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R_Lab Innovation/Exploration This is one of a kind of structure that uses different kinds of modular pieces whose form serve the purpose. Each tile is unique as a product of fabrication, during which the tiles wave back and forth creating loops which produce a distinct machine-made texture that is different every time.

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(2)

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(1) Succulent Wall, (2) 3D Printed ceramic tiles on roof and facade, (3) Seed Stitch pattern on tile , (4) Internal chroma curl

wall. Source: http://emergingobjects.com/project/cabin-of-3d-printed-curiosities/

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Precedent - 7

Structure The roof and contiguous facades to the gable are clad in a 3D printed ceramic rain screen of seed stitch tiles which are mounted on a series of battens. Its a framed structure with 3D printed components as cladding. The interior is clad with the Chroma Curl Wall which illuminates the interiors and exterior.

Limitations/Future Opportunity The explorations can extend to house native plants with a deeper understanding of plants which could help the animal species as well. A irrigation system could be incorporated in design to water the plants automatically.

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R_Lab ARTIFICIAL REEF STRUCTURES The project was commissioned by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation (AFCD), and is part of coral restoration project in the Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in Hong Kong.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Form A tailored algorithm was used to print the biomimicry patterns integrated with spaces for securing coral fragments.

Function The project team from HKU used 3D printing technology to engineer structures that can be customized for specific locations with different environmental challenges, thus enhancing the success of the ecological restoration.

Artificial Reef Structures, University of Hong Kong Swire Institute of Marine Science, 2020 Source: https://www.archdaily.com/947495/rethinking-artificial-reef-structures-through-3d-clay-printing

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Precedent - 8

Material Terracotta was used to print the 3D printed coral reef as it is a natural material which helps organisms to grow on surface. It was fired at 1125 degrees Celsius.

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R_Lab Innovation/Exploration The team of marine biologists and architects had developed a series of 3D printed terracotta reef structures to assist in coral restoration, providing structurally complex substrates in a degraded area thus helping the aquatic species.

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Structure The structure was printed in two parts to make the base porous making it easy for the reef to grow and to avoid sedimentation built up. The first layer of triangulation pattern acts as a base surface for the artificial coral reef bed.

Column like supports are created to act as footing for the artificial coral reefs.

Future Opportunity These ideas can be explored in various parts of natural settings and climatic conditions which could help protect and preserve the rare plant and animal species.

(1) 3D visualization in Rhino , (2) Visualization of coral cluster, (3) Stages of 3D printing , (4) A cluster of printed coral reef.

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/947495/rethinking-artificial-reef-structures-through-3d-clay-printing

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Precedent - 8

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R_Lab REFELCTION AND INSPIRATION The potentials and applications of 3D printing are vast and a lot of research and development is carried out for its uses in various industries.

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3D printed bricks allow flexibilty of form and paramteric forms can be printed using computational means. This helps generate a nonmonontonous surfaces which can be used for a specific function or aesthetical beauty. (Assignment 2 explores these factors of clay printing).

The potentials of 3D printing can be explored using different types of materials, but clay is a environmentally sustainable option.

As clay is a natural material, it blends with nature and can be used to create structures that can help the ecosystem. (Assignment 3 takes inspiration from ideas that can create a symbiotic environment for the flora and fauna).

(1) Project: Terraperforma , (2) Project: Triple S , (3) Project: Cabin of Curiosities , (4) Project: Artificial Reef Structures

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R_Lab CONCLUSION In conclusion, it has been a rewarding journey to design and construct a self supporting column that fuses aesthetics and purpose.

It not only uses the digital tools to the best of their potential but also help to create a natural ecosystem.

Through weeks of prototyping and testing, we have come a long, pushing the boundaries of 3D Printing using robotics and clay and have learnt immensely about the properties of material and the potentials of using digital tools and robotics in architecture.

I would like to thank my tutors, Ryan Pennings and Lewis Edwards for their continuous support. Their insights have really helped us shape our ideas into reality.

I would also like to thank my group mates, Xiong and Andy (Task 2) and Lynn, Johnny, Tammy and Yichen (Task 3). It was a pleasure to work with all of them and great way to learn new ideas, strategies and teamwork.

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