Architectural Thesis- Socio Economic Design of Public Markets

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PUBLIC MARKETS By Shruti Pradeep Geeta Bhagwat

GUIDED BY Ar. AKBAR BIVIJI Ar. JUHI PRASAD

A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for SEM-IX The Degree

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE MUMBAI UNIVERSITY MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA.

5TH YEAR, SEM-IX, BARD 911,

NOV’2020

Conducted at: RACHANA SANSAD’S ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE, UN-AIDED COURSE RACHANA SANSAD, 278, SHANKAR GHANEKAR MARG, PRABHADEVI, MUMBAI 400025.

APPROVAL

CERTIFICATE

The following Under-Grad Design Dissertation Study is hereby approved as satisfactory work on the approved subject carried out and presented in a manner sufficiently satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a pre-requisite and partial fulfillment of requirement to the 5th Year Sem IX of Bachelor Of Architecture Degree for which it has been submitted.

This is to certify that this student Shruti Pradeep Geeta Bhagwat is a bonafide Final Year student of our institute and has completed this Design Dissertation under the guidance of the Guide as undersigned, adhering to the norms of the Mumbai University & our Institute Thesis Committee.

It is understood that by this approval and certification the Institute and the Thesis Guide do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusions drawn therein; but approves the study only for the purpose for which it has been submitted and satisfied the requirements laid down by our Thesis Committee.

Name of the Student: Date:

Approved By

Certified By

Examined By

Friday 13th Dec’ 2020

Principal Ar. Prof. Rohit Shinkre

Thesis Guide Ar. Prof. Akbar Biviji

External Examiner-1 (

College Seal

Certified Seal

External Examiner-2 ) (

)

DECLARATION I hereby declare that this written submission entitled “Socio-Economic development of Public markets” Represents my ideas in my own words and has not been taken from the work of others (as from books, articles, essays, dissertations, other media and online); and where others’ ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. Direct quotations from books, journal articles, internet sources, other texts, or any other source whatsoever are acknowledged and the source cited are identified in the dissertation references.

No material other than that cited and listed has been used.

I have read and know the meaning of plagiarism* and I understand that plagiarism, collusion, and copying are grave and serious offences in the university and accept the consequences should I engage in plagiarism, collusion or copying.

I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact source in my submission.

This work, or any part of it, has not been previously submitted by me or any other person for assessment on this or any other course of study.

Signature of the Student Name of the Student: Shruti Bhagwat Exam Roll No: Date: 7th December’ 2020

Place: Mumbai

*The following defines plagiarism: “Plagiarism” occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any other person (including another student) or of any institution. Examples of forms of plagiarism include:  The verbatim (word for word) copying of another’s work without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement;  the close paraphrasing of another’s work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation, without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement;  unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another’s work;  The deliberate and detailed presentation of another’s concept as one’s own.  “Another’s work” covers all material, including, for example, written work, diagrams, designs, charts, photographs, musical compositions and pictures, from all sources, including, for example, journals, books, dissertations and essays and online resources.

Aknowledgment As I present my dissertation I would like to look back to thank everyone who helped me towards the completion of my thesis and the course.

Foremost, I want to offer this endeavor to the God Almighty for the wisdom he has bestowed on me, the strength, and good health in the “Pandemic time” in order to finish this thesis.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my family for the encouragement and support they have extended during the on-going thesis.

It is great sense of accomplishment to express my sincere gratitude to my respected thesis guides Ar. Akbar Biviji and Ar.Juhi Prasad for their constant interest, encouragement and valuable guidance throughout the completion of project.

Dedication:

This thesis is dedicated to that one, who has been by my side, through ups and downs listening to all my concerns from

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all the people who have guided, helped, inspired and believed in me. I consider each encounter, event, discussion, interaction, incident and mistake to have been vital in the development of my personality and ability and is always a constant source of happiness.

It would be very delinquent if I didn’t thanked my friend Hrutuja Kapse for handling my tantrums and bring a constant partner in this thesis, Krutika Samant for her innovative ideas, Shrusti Mhaske for constantly cheering me, Shantanu, Vinay, Stuti, Vaibhavi for their support, And the most thanks to Hetvi for her constant love and support and immense help.

up that one. Also, the mortals to whom he has entrusted my care in this world, Mom and Dad this one is for you guys and only you’ll.

6

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

7

List of Figures Fig. 1 Benefits of Public Markets

25

Fig. 2 Customer’s view on benefit of markets to community 27

Fig. 23 Spatial configuration of vendor type 3 (2 offerings) 69 Fig. 24 Spatial configuration of vendor type 5 (1 offering) 69

Fig. 3 Factors attracting public to public markets 29

Fig. 25 Spatial configuration of vendor type 2 69

Fig. 4 Four Realms of an experience (adapted from Pine &Gilmore,1998) 34

Fig. 26 Spatial configuration of vendor type 4 69

Fig. 5 Social networks between vendors and other people 36

Fig. 27 Map showing frontages of shops along the Station road 70

Fig. 6 Supervise networks for vendors

36

Fig. 28 Type 1 frontage of shop

Fig. 7 Diffrenciating factors for Malls and Market typology 39

Fig. 29 Type 2 frontage of shop

Fig. 8 Graphical representation of Station road 43 Fig. 9 Visuals of station road from LBS Marg to Bhandup station 44

71 71

Fig. 46 Density mapping- Time slot 3

81

Fig. 47 Density mapping- Time slot 4

81

Fig. 48 Density mapping- Time slot 5

81

Fig. 70 Non working accelators

99

Fig. 49 Density mapping- Time slot 6

81

Fig. 71 AC vents in the corridors

99

Fig. 50 Types of activities at Edge A and F- Peak hours 83 Fig. 51 Types of activities at Edge A and F- NonPeak hours 83 Fig. 52Pedestrian stop points at Edge A and F 83

Fig. 69 Vacant mall and damaged false ceilings 99

Fig. 72 Axonometric view showing analysis of working and non working spaces of dreas mall 101 Fig. 73 Road level plan

107

Fig. 74 Concourse level plan

107 107

Fig. 30 Type 3 frontage of shop

72

Fig. 53 Map showing Clean and unclean edges along the station road 85

Fig. 31 Type 4 frontage of shop

72

Fig. 54 Garbage dumped around public toilet 85

Fig. 75 Elevation

Fig. 32 Type 5 frontage of shop

73

Fig. 55 Electrical Junction box

85

Fig. 76 Entrance view from the evening square 110

Fig. 10 Land Use Map

53

Fig. 33 Type 6 frontage of shop

73

Fig. 56 Waste generation point-Edge B

85

Fig. 11 Accessibility to Site

54

Fig. 34 Edge Condition of A segment

74

Fig. 57 Waste generation point- Edge C

85

Fig. 77 Diagram of room programme

113

Fig. 12 Immediate SIte Context

55

Fig. 35 Edge Condition of B segment

75

Fig. 58 Garbage dumped at tertiary access

85

Fig. 78 Section of the structure

113

Fig. 13 Major Junctions along the site

57

Fig. 36 Edge Condition of C, D, E, F segment

75

Fig. 59 Public toilet

85

Fig. 79 View of Open Market

114

Fig. 37 Vehicular movement mapping-Morning 77

Fig. 60 Entrance of Dreams Mall

89 114

Fig. 38 Vehicular movement mapping-Afternoon 77

91

Fig. 80 View of the exterior market

Fig. 15 Mapping types of vendors at Bhandup Station road 65

Fig. 61Second floor plan OF Dreams Mall

91

Fig. 81 View of connective spaces

114

Fig. 16 Spatial configuration of type of shop 1 67

Fig. 39 Vehicular movement mapping-Evening 77

Fig. 62Cross Sections

Fig. 40 Vehicular stop points throughout the day 77

Fig. 63 Central Atrium of the mall

93

Fig. 82 View of the vegetable section

114

Fig. 17 Spatial configuration of type of shop 2 67

Fig. 64 Narrow Alley in the mall

93

Fig. 18 Spatial configuration of type of shop 4 67

Fig. 41 Plan of edge A and D

78

Fig. 65 View of Vacant Mall

93

Fig. 19 Spatial configuration of type of shop 1-a 67

Fig. 42 Spatial configuration of Street A

79

Fig. 20 Spatial configuration of type of shop 3 67

Fig. 43 Spatial configuration of Street B

79

Fig. 66 Exterior view showing AC outlets

99

Fig. 21 Spatial configuration of type of shop 5 67

Fig. 44 Density mapping- Time slot 1

81

Fig. 67 Advertisments of galas for sale

99

Fig. 22 Spatial configuration of vendor type 1 69

Fig. 45 Density mapping- Time slot 2

81

Fig. 68 Garbage dumped in parking lot

99

Fig. 14 Mapping of types of shops at Bhandup Station road 63

8

List of Figures

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 83 View of the farmer’s market in between the hisoric limestone walls 114 Fig. 84View to the farmer’s market in between the historic limestone Fig. 85 View of market corridor

114

Fig. 86 Bird’s eye view of Baltic Station Market 115 Socio-economic development of Public markets

9

List of Figures

List of Figures

Fig. 87 Diagram shows classification of types of shops along the lanes 117

Fig. 104 Location plan highlighting the market of Dadar West 123

Fig. 121 The narrow pathway forces one to look at the goods on both sides

136

Fig. 122 Diagramatic view showing connection from skywalk

141

Fig. 88 Location plan highlighting market lanes 118

Fig. 105 Vendors at flower market

124

Fig. 123 Diagramatic view showing connection from elevated metro station

141

Fig. 106 Vendors at flower market

124

Fig. 124 Diagramatic view showing connection from elevated metro station

141

Fig. 107 Vendors at vegetable market

124

Fig. 125 Modular units for mobile cart

143

Fig. 126 Modular system for shop units

143

Fig. 127 Graphical view of Retrofitting

144

Fig. 128 Key plan of Bhandup Station area

145

Fig. 89 View at 1 Fig. 90 View at 4

119 119

Fig. 91 View at 2

119

Fig. 92 View at 5

119

Fig. 93 View at 6 Fig. 94 View at 4

Fig. 108 Map showing vehicular congestion points

126 Fig. 109 Section showing exisitng condition at Sta-

tion road

126

Fig. 129 Site selected

145

Fig. 110 Charateristic of the market

127

Fig. 130Diagram of Intended Proposal

148

119 119 Fig. 111 Formal and Informal activity mapping 127

Fig. 95 View at 3

119 Fig. 112 Analysis of activities and spaces given along

Fig. 96 View at 5

119

Fig. 97 Diagram shows classification of types of vendors along the lanes 120 Fig. 98 View showing buffer spaces for social interaction 121 Fig. 99 View showing wider spaces for vendors (outdoor display of products) 121 Fig. 100 View of enclosed Jalaram Bappa market 122 Fig. 101 View of Semi-open Center point shopping arcade 122 Fig. 102 Interior view of Jalaram Bappa market 122

the station road

129

Fig. 113 Frontage of Chow kit market

130

Fig. 114 Chow Kit market works day to night everyday 131 Fig. 115 Diagram showing Urban conditions 132 Fig. 116 Diagram showing Spatial interaction 132 Fig. 117 Current Urban issues of CHow Kit market 133 Fig. 118 High percentage of storage buildings surrounding the market 134 Fig. 119 Low light condition and over height stalls in the Chow Kit market 135 Fig. 120 The morning open market stretches along the wide road .

136

Fig. 103 Interior view of Center point arcade 122

10

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

11

CONTENTS 1. Abstract 15 2. Introduction 17 3. Methodology 18 4. Aim 20 5. Obejectives 20 6. Research Question 21 7. Limitations

LITERATURE REVIEW 22

01

02

12

1. What is Public Market?

24 2. Why Marketplaces?

26 3. Streets as Public Spaces in India 28 4. Seven Principles for Becoming a Market City 30 5. Economic Benefits of Market 32 6. Markets as events and experiences 34 7. Social Networking in Market 36 8. The problem of the decline of the quality of the urban life 37 9. Malls vs Street Markets 38 10. Conclusion 40

03 04

05

06

SITE ANALYSIS 1. Site Introduction 42 2. Site History 43 3. Site Study 52 • Urban Site Context 54 • Accessibility 57 • MAJOR JUNCTIONS 56 • Demographics 56 4. Conclusion 86

Socio-economic development of Public markets

07

08

CONCERNS OF THE SITE 1.

2.

3.

4.

Economic Concerns Infrastructural Concerns Social Concerns Environmental Concerns

58 60 66 80 84

DYSFUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE- DREAMS MALL 88 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Site Introduction 89 Project Information 89 Dreams Mall 90 History of Dreams Mall 92 Current Senario 98 Survey Analysis 100 Conclusion 102

SITE POTENTIAL: METRO STATION 104 1.

2.

3.

4.

Demographics 105 Salient Feature 106 Drawings of Typical Metro station 107 Typical Drawings of Metro Station 108

CASE STUDIES 1.

2.

3.

4.

Baltic Station Market Mulund Market Dadar Market Chow Kit Market

110 116 123 130

SOLUTIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Conclusion 139 Proposed Intervention 140 Design Consideration 142 Project Statement 146 Architectural Proposal 148

APPENDIX 156 Socio-economic development of Public markets

13

Abstract The public market plays an important role in the urban fabric as it is the most socially diverse public place, bringing people of different ages, genders, races, and socio-economic status together around the experiences of food, shopping, and conversations. Public markets enhance the local economy, environment, and community. It increases public interactions, connecting to surrounding neighborhoods, and fostering street life.

Markets generally gravitate towards transportation nodes. The informal markets are conveniently located outside the railway stations for the daily rail commuters as well as the vendors around the railway station. One such market which has sprung out over the years is the Bhandup station market. The linear stretch holds a number of retail shops and street vendors making it vibrant in nature. It made sense for them to locate themselves strategically to the pedestrian traffic going to or coming from their place of work, so they could maximize their sales of everyday products and produce.

This thesis will focus on the concerns associated with the marketplace, i.e. Infrastructural concerns, Social concerns, and Environmental concerns. The research question states how informal street markets can meet the social, economic, and spatial needs and aspirations of the stakeholders associated with focusing on social life inside the market.

Thus also questioning how to bring quality to informal spaces architecturally. The study will also extend to analyze the existing structure which hasn’t been done to its due and has been failed, i.e. Dreams mall which is a dysfunctional structure in the current scenario.

The study aims for Mixed-use; Socio-economic and Socio-cultural Development of the space and so that it achieves a quality public space through place-making.

14

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

15

Introduction Ever since the city’s birth, the city grew haphazardly, the Mumbai local railway played a pivotal role in the growth of city. It is entwined with all aspects of Indian society, and in terms of economy, railways played a major role in integrating markets and increasing trade. The railway station of Bhandup is on the Central line of Mumbai local transport.

Bhandup being on the suburbs serves for a large concentration of residential settlements.

Over the years the town has developed its connectivity through dense road networks.

Thus the market majorly serves the commuters and residential population around. It is the station road that connects the Bhandup station to LBS marg.

The marketplace acts as the origin that creates an identity and also adds to the value of that area. It is used as a tool to enhance business & promote income-earning opportunities which will ultimately lead to socio economic development. Infrastructural development in Mumbai has resulted in an increase in retail shopping especially outside stations but has deteriorated the overall sense of community and cultural aspects.

These informal spaces are constantly growing and evolving and have become the soul of the city. They thrive with vibrant energy and readapt to changes. But the market of Bhandup in its indigenous chaotic form is viewed as symbol of poverty, backwardness and may appear unpleasant aesthetically. There is a growth economically but at the stake of experiential and occupational quality. Thus there arises a need for economically developed space which will give experiential qualities and increases the value of the space.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

17

Methodology The method of the research is an exploratory based which particularly focuses on site based analysis. The research critically analyze the data findings and draws constructive conclusions. Different aspects related to market study and current conditions of the site are being mapped. The study grows from the primary concern of understanding the concerns associated with Bhandup station road market and drawings parallels with another case study. The method of exploration is being divided into parts-

• Theory • Understanding the factors of a market place • Understanding the socio-economic and socio-cultural aspect.

• Site Analysis • Understanding the concerns and arguments using the primary material

18

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

19

Aim

Research Question

The thesis aims to thoroughly analyze the socio-economic aspects of a public market.

Can the settings of public markets be revised as to serve the giver in a better and

To understand the concerns of a market and propose possible solutions for the space,

profitable way?

taking into consideration the existing conditions and potentials of the site.

Can a public market provide spaces for tenants offering diverse food, health and wellness services, as well as local retail?

Objectives

This idea aims to support entrepreneurship and generate positive economic and social returns. It can be done by transforming vacant properties into space where a diverse mix of local small businesses can thrive.

•

Create a holistic environment where there is social integration and organized spaces which adapts to needs of community.

•

Create a branding for the public space- thus attracting better business opportunities

• • • • • • •

20

To achieve an organized market layout with an organized pedestrian movement To have public private spaces To give value to space To rationalize the whole shopping pattern

Limitations I understand that a market has many factors associated with it on an urban scale. This thesis focuses on the qualitative and infrastructural architectural factors. Other factors related to urban elements have not been dealt with. The analysis aspect related to skywalk existing on the site have been overlooked because of the pandemic situation.

Achieve sense of community Create a platform for lower income communities to substantiate their skills in the economic sector Develop the identity of a market place as a reflection of the city, and vice versa

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

21

Literature Review

Overview 1. What is a Public Market?

2. Why Market Places?

Chapter 1

3. Streets as Public Spaces in India 4. Seven Principles for becoming Market City 5. Economic Benefits of Market

LITERATURE

REVIEW

6. Markets as events and experiences 7. Challenges of Public Markets in LowIncome Communities 8. The problem of the decline in the quality of urban life 9. Malls Vs Street Markets 10. Conclusion

• Relevance and aspects of a public market.

• Public goals in a market.

• Affordability aspect.

• What benefits does it adds to society?

• Customers view and diversity in a market • Social factors in a market place • Function and value of the market • Experience of the space • Traditional and local factor associated with open public markets • Problems of current market conditions in today’s world.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

23

Literature Review

1.1

What is Public Market?

Keywords- vendors, legal, public goal, public space, lively, independent The term public market has changed in meaning over time and still differs from place to place. At their most basic, markets include vendors or merchants who meet at the same location on a regular basis under the aegis of a sponsoring entity that has legal and financial responsibility to oversee operations and, sometimes, structures or facilities to house the market activity. What distinguish public markets from other types of related retail activity are the following three characteristics: Most important, public markets must have public goals. Public goals give a defined civic purpose to the market activity. Typically, these goals have included attracting shoppers to a downtown or neighbourhood commercial district, providing affordable retailing opportunities to small businesses, preserving farming or farmland in the region, activating an underused public space, or displacing an undesirable use of a public space.

Second, public markets are located in and/or create a public space in the community.

This is the visible aspect of a market – the creation of an inviting, safe, and lively place that attracts a wide range of people. As an effective place where people mix, public markets can become the heart and soul of a community, its common ground, a place where people interact easily, and a setting where other community activities take place.

Finally, public markets are made up of locally owned, independent businesses operated by their owners, unlike the ubiquitous franchises that dominate retailing today. This helps account for the local flavour of public markets and the uniqueness of the shopping experience. i

24

i) Public Markets as a Vehicle for Social Integration and Upward Mobility Phase I Report: An Overview of Existing Programs and Assessment of Opportunities Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 1 Benefits of Public Markets

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature

1.2

Literature Review

Why Marketplaces?

Keywords- economic, action, theory of exchange, social structure In mainstream economic thinking the market occupies a peculiar position. It is ever present in a sense. The market is where buyers and sellers meet, where prices are rising, and resources are changing hands. As such, it is the scene where all the action is taking place in contemporary economics. On the other hand, the market is more often in the background of economic analysis than in the fore. If the entrepreneur is the forgotten man in mainstream economic theory, then the market is certainly the forgotten place.

Its existence is often assumed. The usually unspecified cultural, political and social institutions that are necessary for it to function correctly are similarly assumed to be present. And the narrow “theory of exchange” is assumed to capture all of the meaningful events which occur in the market.

Markets are social structures characterized by extensive social ties between companies, employees, suppliers, consumers and governments. Yet, as in many sociological literatures, the theoretical camps that have been created often seem to relate to one another.

Why do customers come to markets? As per the customer survey done by PPS

“O how they cling and wrangle, some who claim?

For preacher and monk the honoured name!

For, quarrelling, each to his view they cling.

Such folk see only one side of a thing.”16 - Udana (68–69)

Fig. 2 Customer’s view on benefit of markets to community

Diversity at Markets Even when markets are not ethnically diverse, they are almost always diverse in terms of age of customers. The greatest number of customers came from the 18-24, 25-34, 3544 and 45-54 age groups (18.4%, 23.6%, 17.9% and 15.7%, respectively), with substantial numbers of over-55 year olds (17.7%).

i

26

i) From the text of Jain and Buddhist origin, Udana 68–69, “Parable of the Blind Men and the Elephant” Socio-economic development of Public markets

i

i) pps.org Socio-economic development of Public markets

27

Literature Review

1.3

Streets as Public Spaces in India

Keywords- public expression, daily activities, street vendors, chaos, social experience,

street vibrancy Streets serve as canvases for public expression against political regimes, for social issues and religious beliefs. Political speeches and rallies on the street corner and marches in protest of social issues, both happen in the streets - the only open space in the city that effectively belongs to the people. Religious festivals like Durga Puja, Ganesh Chaturthi, Makar Sankranti, Eid Milad-ul-Nabi, are characterized by religious processions on the streets with fireworks, carrying of idols on trucks with music blaring from loud-speakers, and people dancing. During these political and religious expressions, the streets which are normally the ‘neutral’ spaces within cities, become “marked by the claims of various communities and interest groups.”

These public spaces become the stage for daily activities, almost like rituals, where vendors of fruits, vegetables, flowers, food and household items assemble their carts at strategic locations along the streets and organize their goods in the most efficient and appealing way possible. They then continue to add to the hustle bustle of the street by singing out a list of the items that can be found on their cart every time a potential buyer walks by. The same is done by shopkeepers who lay out their best goods on the street in order to capture the attention of any passer-by.

Street vendors and shop extensions are often criticized for being unregulated and creating chaos on the sidewalks by encroaching upon the space ‘assigned’ for pedestrians.

However, they have historically always been a part of the social experience of streets in India, and even though they hinder pedestrian flows, but still they add a lot to the vibrancy of streets and provide easy accessibility to basic goods and services just around the corner. Other than these local social customs and activities that form an integral part of the Indian street, circulation and infrastructure provisions are also important functions of the streets within the city. Streets are the paths along which people move through a city and see, observe, experience and perceive, whether it be from the comfort of one’s personal car or on foot.

28

Fig. 3 Factors attracting public to public markets

i

i

i) (Mandhan, 2010)

i) pps.org

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Literature Review

1.4

Literature Review

Seven Principles for Becoming a Market City

Keywords- variety, collaborate, value and fucnction, distribution networks, management, growth, welcoming 1. A Market City includes a wide variety of types of markets in a city as part of one market system. Markets include both food and non-food markets, and range from large central wholesale and retail markets to neighborhood markets and informal markets of street vendors.

2. A Market City organizes diverse partners and stakeholders who can collaborate and act together to achieve common policy objectives. Potential partners and stakeholders include market operators and managers; advocates for health, community development, local food, agriculture, and job creation; philanthropic organizations; and city and regional government agencies.

3. A Market City measures the value of their markets and understands how they function. Market Cities understand where markets are located and if there are places in the city/region that do not have access to a market, especially vulnerable neighborhoods; the supply chains for public markets; the quality of all the markets’ physical facilities and public spaces; the economic, social and public health impact of the markets; and the needs and wants of vendors and customers. A Market City uses this information to “connect the dots” so markets can offer a broader benefit to the community—especially for low-income people.

5. A Market City regularly invests in its market facilities and the management skills of market operators. Potential investments include renovating existing markets to improve the physical infrastructure to incorporate sustainable design features, and building new markets, as needed, to improve demand or address operational limitations. Market Cities ensure that market managers have the skills and staff to operate the market efficiently, effectively, and resiliently.

6. A Market City helps diverse types of vendors start and grow their businesses. Types of assistance include helping vendors, especially from disadvantaged groups, start a new business, innovate or expand an existing one with new services and products, and making sure that vendors have the equipment, services and training they need to follow modern food safety practices.

7. A Market City recognizes that its markets are also public spaces that welcome different kinds of people and maintain important cultural heritage. They support this role by creating public spaces in and around markets that are safe, accessible, and attractive, encouraging social mixing. Market Cities programming special cultural events and activities, especially those about healthy diets and safe food.

4. A Market City has distribution networks that prioritize and support healthy, affordable, and safe food and other goods produced in the region. These networks provide the physical facilities necessary for storage, processing, and distribution as well as support the staff who operate these facilities.

30

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

31

Literature Review

1.5

Literature Review

Distribution system

Economic Benefits of Market

Keywords- cheap, fresh food, additional footfall Markets contribute to the social, environmental and economic wellbeing of cities. It’s possible to observe diverse key benefits that markets can provide: economic, social, health, regeneration and environmental.

The first economic benefit, also with social implications, is that markets offer cheap and fresh food. Therefore, markets can be especially important for poorer sections of the community, particularly at the time of recession. The low prices offered on markets have always played a vital role in providing for many of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged members of society, especially those with limited mobility and income.

A further economic benefit is that markets attract additional footfalls in centres, encouraging shoppers to buy not just at the market, but also at neighbouring shops.

Indeed, a key point is that markets should not simply be seen as competition to other form of retail, but rather as complementary to “en plein air” shopping mall of Piazza Ferretto.

i

32

i) Role of Urban Markets for Local Development and Urban Regeneration (Panozzo, 2013) Socio-economic development of Public markets

i

i)https://www.ud-id.com/temporality-1/2018/7/14/760cuc63r1hudqa03xhz6i4i4aw847-a8h5j Socio-economic development of Public markets

33

Literature Review

1.6

Literature Review

Markets as events and experiences Keywords- democratic space, custural diversity

Keywords-excitement, passive participants, social capital, social webs The market is not just a shallow space where you can sell and buy food. What the market offer is an event, an experience, an echo of the excitement that markets once brought to the city, becoming an end in itself. Even people who turn out to walk across the stalls without interacting with the sellers and other visitors are not completely passive participants: simply by being there, they contribute to the visual and aural event that other people experience. That’s the reason why wherever markets survive; they bring life to a neighbourhood, quality of urban life, a sense of belonging to a city and culture, engagement, character and uniqueness.

Markets are a space of inclusion, bringing all the diverse members of the community all together in one place where barriers are dissolved, marginalized residents are empowered and differences are celebrated. The market is a public space - no one can be kept out - so unlike shopping malls, it is fundamentally a democratic space. Increasing cultural diversity becomes an asset to brought new products, consumers and vendors to the market.

1. To conclude, the market place, as a well-functioning public space, supports a multiple important functions:

The relationship created between market operators and costumes even though informal, it becomes personal, multi faced and gains an interest in each other’s wellbeing. As these relationships grow social capital is created. People learn many new faces and create informal relationships that reduce social diversities and foster empathy and friendship.

When local residents speak with each other and create relationships between large groups of people, social webs are created. These webs become avenues where job openings are advertised and filled, innovative ideas created, skills traded, and business traders made.

2. It builds social capital by cementing social relations through facilitating exchange among people;

3. It facilitates learning about ways of being and relating, being an incomparable teacher of social skills and attitudes: people learn through observation, imitation and participation how to relate and behave within and across generational, social class and experiential differences;

4. It contributes to a more democratic way of life and encourages to share observation and perspective, and thereby it humanizes all participants.

How Do Public Markets Enhance the Potential for Social Integration in Public Spaces?

Social integration is achieved by a market that has “something extra.” The market must have an attractor beyond its role as a place to buy goods. For example, the response to the question, “With whom do you usually visit the market,” when broken down by market, showed that “family” and “friends” were the highest-ranking.

i

Fig. 4 Four Realms of an experience (adapted from Pine &Gilmore,1998)

34

Socio-economic development of Public markets

i) Role of Urban Markets for Local Development and Urban Regeneration (Panozzo, 2013) Socio-economic development of Public markets

35

l a i c r e m m o n a i r t s e d e p Literature Review

1.7

1.8

Social Networking in Market

c a f

Because street market is part of informal market, it runs based on agreements other than rules or regulations. Because of this, the networks between vendors and other related people are very important. To understand how agreements work in this system is very helpful to unerstand how street market work.

Marketplaces attract large numbers of buyers and sellers in urban population environments, which can be considered market density. Coexistence in an environment of many shopping malls together with traditional markets creates pressure on the street.

Social networks between vendors and other people

Vendors

For decades, the coexistence of street markets and the growth of shopping malls have been major retail phenomena in developing countries. The increasing emphasis on growing cities with contemporary marketplaces, however, has led to the change of agglomeration format (AF) from a marketing perspective, including consumer preferences on market routes

cleaners

store owners

Vendors

Vendors

cleaners

store owners

Vendors

Supervise networks for vendors

Vendors

cleaners

customers

bring people

customers

store owners

Vendors

store owners

supervise

Vendors

Increasing globalization has changed socio-economic and cultural paradigms in urban areas in developing countries, and consumer behaviour is significantly influenced by street markets which illustrate ethnic trade practices. Selling on street markets is considered a parallel place of leisure, particularly where people tend to move to suburban locations to experience the difference from routine shopping (Powe, 2006).

Street markets in urban settings can be regarded as ‘ socially responsible distribution centres’ with initiatives that provide customers with direct access to goods and services that they can benefit from either buying or selling, thus neutralizing the disadvantages they suffer as a result of insufficient physical ties to large retail outlets, data asymmetries and poor bargaining power.

Vendors

job opportunities

cleaners

Vendors

cleaners

store owners

clean environment bring customers

Vendors

police

city police

Vendors

exchange

customers

Vendors

customers

su

pe

rvi

se

customers

coordinate conflicts

cleaners

city police

76

77

camera

Fig. 5 Social networks between vendors and other people

working studying customers customers

customers customers customers

customers

customers

working studying customers

customers customers

36

store

sentry police box camera

store owner

store

police

customers

customers

customers

Fig. 6 Supervise networks for vendors

Socio-economic development of Public markets

store owner

vendors

store owner

store

store

camera

customers

vendors

customers

store owner store

customers

customers

vendors

customers

vendors

vendors

store

store owner

camera

store store owner

store store owner

police

sentry box

customers

store store owner

police customers

camera

store store owner

customers

customers

residence residence customers

store

store owner

store

customers

residence residence customers

customers customers customers customers cleaner customers store owner

customers

customers customers

customers

green green green green green green green

cleaner cleaner customers customers customers customers customers customers cleaner customers customers customers police customers cleaner customers police camera

residence residence customers

cleaner

streets streets streets streets streets green green green green green green green green green green green green green green

customers

working working customers customers

store owner

store store owner

camera

police customers cleaner customers customers customers customers cleaner customers customers cleanercustomers customers cleaner customers green green green green green green green customers

working working

customers customers customers

store store owner

customers

customers

customers customers

The problem of the decline of the quality of the urban life

Keywords- increased competition, e-commerce, consumer expectation, town planning

Keywords-system, interaction

competition

Literature Review

customers

customers

residence residence Socio-economic development of Public markets

37

Literature Review

1.9

Malls vs Street Markets

Keywords- local economy, traditional culture, leisure, direct access The first and most important one is the increased competition from the large distribution, supermarkets, other alternative cheap retail outlets and also e-commerce. There are number of reasons why consumers might favour the new alternatives: supermarkets are perceived by consumers as cheaper, the parking and opening hours make easier to shop.

An additional factor is that consumers’ expectations have changed: from that derive new challenges for outdoor markets, especially those that do not contain indoor element that can still attract consumers when the weather is poor.

A third and perhaps more avoidable factor, concerns town planning decisions: an unsympathetic city centre redevelopment could effectively marginalize the market, for instance by relocating it outside the new city centre. Also the pedestrianization of the market area could prevent the consumers from leaving with shopping bags, as they have to travel further from bus stops and car parks.

A fourth factor is the lack of investment from the local authorities, which are responsible for running the markets, unwilling or unable to invest other than an essential structural repair. The lack of investment in markets consists of more than just capital: the failure of many local authorities to recognize the strategic value of markets as vibrant part of the community, had some negative consequences such as the calibre of the manager hired to run the market, the common regulatory approach and the general lack of marketing and promotion.

A final factor is the slowness of market industry to adapt to changes. Many traditional markets, market operators and traders have failed to grasp the need for a change: some examples of the need to adapt more quickly are the lack of credit card facilities on markets or the need for a new promotion (competing with the slick advertising of supermarkets and shopping centres).

All those factors participate to the decline of the role of markets in the contemporary cities, which need to elaborate and opt for new strategies to revitalize the traditional markets.

38

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 7 Diffrenciating factors for Malls and Market typology

Literature Review

1.10 Conclusion The social and economic goals of public markets are intertwined in a way unlike those of any other civic institution or commercial entity. While the two goals are certainly compatible, there is a balance that must be maintained over time if public markets are to succeed on both counts.

Social integration, on the other hand, is related to economic success in a different way. It depends to a much greater extent on the market functioning as a successful public space – a “place” where people come not only to shop, but also to meet others, “hang out,” and enjoy the overall ambiance and excitement of the space.

The “place” quality is not necessary for the market to succeed economically if it can attract customers based on product or price alone (although a “sense of place” can certainly help attract the necessary customers). A sense of place is necessary, however, if meaningful social integration (of various ages, occupations, ethnicities, etc.) is to occur. It is also, as we have discovered, important for the vendors, creating an informal support network that helps with the start-up of their businesses.

40

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Site Analysis

2.1

Site Introduction

1. Introduction

Chapter 2

SITE ANALYSIS

2. History 3. Site Study 4. Concerns related to Site 5. Market Analysis 6. Conclusion

Fig. 8 Graphical representation of Station road

Socio-economic development of Public markets

43

Site Analysis

Site Analysis

2.1

Site Introduction

Keywords- Eastern suburb, industrialization, employment Bhandup is located in the eastern suburbs of Mumbai. Before real estate prospered 40 years ago, Bhandup was a dense forest area after which industrialization took place.

Numerous industries were set up and now it is becoming a very prominent destination for real estate investors as it still has a lot of scope of a further development. The majority of residents of Bhandup are Hindus by religion. The dominant language is Marathi. In recent years, several mall construction projects have been initiated in Bhandup. One reason for Bhandup being a prime location for malls is its proximity to affluent areas like Powai and Mulund. (Contributors, 2020)

Eastern Suburban Development The process of deindustrialization began in the 1980s and accelerated in the coming years. The PeriUrbanization period of Mumbai led to shutting down of textile industry in the Island city and growth of sub-urban region with the development of large polluting industries. Not only large scale but small scale industries also reduced in Mumbai after this period especially in the 1990s. Due to closure of industries, the labor engaged in these industries was forced to move out of the island to search for alternate employment. Some of it was directed towards the suburbs especially the eastern as there was considerable opportunities for better livelihood.

Fig. 9 Visuals of station road from LBS Marg to Bhandup station

44

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 2-1 Mumbai City Map Socio-economic development of Public markets

45

Site Analysis

Site Analysis

2.2

1800’s Period

Keywords- marshlands, industries In the 1800’s Bhandup was a dense forest area with major concentration of –Marshlands, Saltpans, and Farmlands. The landscape also included a lake and a creek in the region, the people who resided were Agris and Silaharas. People used to majorly walk on the tracks and kacha roads to reach the station, while only some used bullock carts and horse carriages. The area had a railway station with a shed and one running track and a post-office. In 1881 the population consisted of merely of 884 people. The railway traffic returns showed increase in passengers from 29,988 in 1873 to 51,664 in 1880 and in goods from 126 to 143 tons. The area had a railway station with a shed and one running track and a post-office. In later years government acquired these farmlands and developed large scale Industries.

Fig. 2-2 Representative Map of Historical context of Bhandup (1800’s)

i

46

i) Source- Interview of Ashok Shah and Viraj Taloskar ii) Shah Jiten, Joshi Gaurang, Parida Purnima, Arkatkar Shriniwas, “Impact of Train Schedule on Pedestrian Movement on Stairway at Suburban Rail Transit Station in Mumbai, India”, Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. 2015, Article Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

47

Site Analysis

Site Analysis

2.3

1900’s Period

Keywords- local economy, traditional culture, leisure, direct access Bhandup saw land development on the West side and East continued to be farmlands and salt pans. There was development of many large scale industries namely, CEAT Tyres, Asian Paints Limited and BASF. The Industries those developed around station area include ATI Motors on the Northern side spreading from LBS Marg to station.

RR paints adjoining LBS Marg on the southern side and Dinay Silk Mill beside it.

Residential settlements which came up were Dina Mama Estate adjoining the station and Ishwar nagar facing the LBS marg. They consisted of G and G+1 bungalows and individual plots. Gurudwara and India Post were among the amenities developed at that time.

Fig. 2-3 Representative Map of Historical context of Bhandup (1900’s)

The Industrial development in the region gave rise to the flow of laborers. The informal laborers found employment in the new plastic industries, printing and transport services.

As a result to serve the flowing pedestrian flow small retail shops of groceries started coming up. Under the union of Sanjay Dina Patil, street vendors started scattering themselves just outside the station serving vegetables and eateries. The road connecting to LBS Marg was a kacha road of 4-5 m wide, the road was almost empty and with no street lights there was a possibility of theft especially during the night.

Fig. 2-4

48

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Representative Activity Map of Historical context of Bhandup (1900’s)

Socio-economic development of Public markets

49

Site Analysis

Site Analysis

2.4

1991-2000’s Period

1. The Post Industrial period saw implications of policy measures. The unorganized industrial development underwent a noticeable transformation. The Development Plan of 1991 paved the way for growth, emphasizing the reduction of industrial zones by 800 hectares and demarcating such plots for residential the eastern suburbs soon became the hotspot for real estate activity in the city.

2. The places which were identified with labor settlements got demand for residence by middle class. Gradual gentrification of the suburbs began. Bhandup was proposed to the creation of commercial centers in micro-markets.

3. These policy measures were further supplemented by infrastructure projects, such as the Eastern Express Highway, the Eastern Freeway, the Mumbai Metro Rail and the Mumbai Monorail projects.

4. On the northern side the ATI Motors were taken over by private companies. Some land was taken over by Kumar Wadhawan and on the other part government developed a commercial center i.e. the Bhandup plaza which holds many offices and classes.

5. Dina Mama estate still continue to function for residential purpose while hosting some cultural and sports events. 2 schools and colleges, Gurudwara and some

Fig. 2-5 Exisitng plan of Bhandup since 1991

Retails shops were developed on the land of RR paints and Dinay silk mill. Ishwar nagar saw development, where 4 storey residential apartments were built and the area spread developing Usha nagar and Bhandup village road. Ration office, banks and commercial establishments also came up in that area.

6. LBS Marg was later widened to serve the increasing vehicular movement. As the area saw development with more residential crowd setting in, many commercial establishments and smaller retail shops increased in the area. Number of street

50

vendors also increased.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

51

Site Analysis

Site Analysis

2.5

Site Study

The site lies abutting the LBS Marg running from Sion to Thane which passes through heavily populated areas of the Eastern Suburbs and is heavily congested. Approximately, 3 lakh vehicles use this road daily.

LBS Marg has several malls, apartment complexes and corporate offices along it. Some of most prominent malls of Bhandup are Neptune Magnet Mall and Dreams mall. Bhandup has a residential neighborhood with a mix of co-operative societies, slums and high rises.

HDIL’s Dreams and Whispering Towers in Bhandup are some notable residential complexes on LBS Marg. Some manufacturing facilities continue to exist on or near LBS Road, such as Ceat Tyres, Asian Paints and ShangriLa Biscuits (Bhandup). (Contributors, Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg, 2020).

Bhandup station lies on the central railway line connecting CSMT to Kalyan junction.

Bhandup station road is a linear stretch of 350m connecting the railway station to LBS marg.

Fig. 2-6 Urban Context around Bhandup Railway station

Fig. 10 Land Use Map

52

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

53

Concerns of thr Site Concerns of thr Site

2. 6.1 Urban Site Context There are two secondary roads connecting the Bhandup railway station to LBS marg.

The station road is being used almost throughout the day as it has a retail market along its stretch, while the MV Shinde Marg comparatively doesn’t’t see as much because of the barren land with some offices along the stretch.

Dev Darshan road is an internal road used by the residential people in the areas which connects both the secondary roads. Dreams mall road connects the residential Dreams mall complex to station road.

2. 6.2 Accessibility

Fig. 12 Immediate SIte Context Fig. 11 Accessibility to Site

54

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

55

Concerns of thr Site Concerns of thr Site

2.6

2. 6.1 MAJOR JUNCTIONS

Demographics

1. Ward- S Ward 2. Area of ​​the ward- 64sq.km.

3. Ward Boundaries

• East- • West- • North- • South-

Arabian Sea Boundries of Vihar Lake Goregaon Mulund Link Road Vikhroli Station Road-East & West upto LBSMarg

4. Population (June – 07 end Pulse polio survey)- 7,43,259 5. Station road - 350m 6. Climate Hours of Sun- 8 to 12 Hrs Temperature • Avg max: 38 Oct • Avg Min:18 Jan Humidity

Fig. 13 Major Junctions along the site

• Relative humidity: 70% Precipitation • Max: 864mmJuly

56

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

57

Concerns of thr Site

Overview

• Economic concerns1.

2.

3.

Chapter 3

CONCERNS OF THE SITE

1. Economic Concerns

•

2. Infrastructural Concerns

5.

Characteristics and legality of shops and street vendors

Infrastructural concerns-

8.

•

Beyond the edges of the shops Traffic congestion Unequally divided streetcape

9.

Saftey

10.

Overcrowding

Social concerns11.

12.

•

Gender specific sector Street vendors

7.

4. Environmental Cocnerns

Less Flexiblity

4.

6.

3. Social Concerns

Limited and rigid variation of products

No sense of belonging No buffer space

13.

Chaos in terms of activities

14.

Waste management

Environmental concerns15.

16.

17.

Stormwater management Sanitation Lighting and Power

Socio-economic development of Public markets

59

Concerns of thr Site

Concerns of thr Site

3.1 Concerns 3. 1.1

Economic Concerns

A market play an important role in urban fabric being the most socially diverse public places in a community, bringing people of different ages, genders, races ethnicities, and socioeconomic status together. The small-scale street market of Bhandup is essential and effective form of retail, thus it is necessary to address the concerns raised in resistance to street markets while incorporating the needs of the vendors. While closely studying the site and gathering primary data, there were some concerns raised regarding their spatial configuration, traffic congestion caused due to certain aspects, occupational value of the space etc.

Some of the concerns raised are as follows: 1. The market offers a limited and rigid variation of products and offerings.

2. The lane to approach the station have retail shops focusing on clothing stores of

of approaching the station. Mid- section i.e. B is occupied by a concentration of vegetable vendors, making it chaotic space, during the peak hours. Fruits vendors are spread out in the A section, giving a bit of breathing space for walking. As the vendors are occupying the space on the footpath as well as road the pedestrians and vehicular movement is hampered.

5. Occupational value of the areas is quite less, as there are minimum social and utility spaces.

6. During peak hours or specifically during festivals as there is demand for more products, there is very less flexibility of spaces to govern the increasing demand of products as well as pedestrian flow.

women’s , which is concentrated towards the LBS Marg, so as to target residential population around. The lane in the mid-section i.e. B offers some mobile repairs shops with eateries located towards the end of the station.

3. The shops being laid in a linear pattern provides very less flexibility of spaces. The segregation of types of shops also makes it gender specific sections than having neutral spaces.

4. Street vendors starts occupying their spaces in the mid-section of the lane

60

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

61

Concerns of thr Site

3.1.1 Economic Concerns The economic concerns of the site is related to the demographics of the shops and vendors. The distribution of types of offerings affects the economy of the place. A detailed mapping of the shops is as follows: As per the analysis every edge has mixed used shops, which results in diversion of public.

Mapping of Shops along the Station road

SHOPS IN B SECTION SHOP

SHOPS IN A SECTION SHOP

NUMBERS

NUMBERS

CLOTHING

0

FOOTWARE

5

CLOTHING

30

FOOTWARE

8

EATERIES

MOBILE STORES

3

FOODSTALL

21

EATERIES

1

ACCESORIES

0

FOODSTALL

0

MISCELLANEOUS

2

ACCESORIES

2

SHOP

MEDICAL

0

CLOTHING

0

MEDICAL

0

FOOTWARE

0

MISCELLANEOUS

7

MOBILE STORES

1

EATERIES

4

FOODSTALL

4

ACCESORIES

0

MISCELLANEOUS

2

MEDICAL

1

MOBILE STORES

4 0

SHOPS IN C SECTION NUMBERS

0000002 0000001

0000003

SHOPS IN D SECTION SHOP

SHOPS IN F SECTION SHOP

1

JEWELLERS

8

NUMBERS

CLOTHING

6

SHOPS IN E SECTION

NUMBERS

SHOP

NUMBERS

EATERIES

EATERIES

1

EATERIES

0

FOOTWEAR

2

JEWELLERS

2

JEWELLERS

3

MOBILE

2

CLOTHING

6

CLOTHING

4

SALONS

1

FOOTWEAR

0

FOOTWEAR

0

MISCELLANEOUS

1

MOBILE

0

MOBILE

3

SALONS

1

SALONS

1

MISCELLANEOUS

3

MISCELLANEOUS

3

0000004

Fig. 14 Mapping of types of shops at Bhandup Station road 0000006

0000005

Socio-economic development of Public markets

63

Concerns of thr Site

Mapping of vendors along the Station road

3.1.1 Economic Concerns

SHOPS IN A SHOP

NUMBERS

SHOPS IN B SHOP

VEGETABLE

16

VEGETABLE

FRUITS

18

FRUITS

SHOPS IN C NUMBERS 14

SHOP

NUMBERS

VEGETABLE

0

4

FRUITS

2

FLOWERS

0

FLOWERS

0

FLOWERS

1

CLOTHING

0

CLOTHING

0

CLOTHING

0

MISCELLANEOUS

4

MISCELLANEOUS

0

MISCELLANEOUS

0

0000007

0000008

0000009

SHOPS IN E SHOP

NUMBERS

VEGETABLE

0

FRUITS

0

FLOWERS

0

CLOTHING

2

MISCELLANEOUS

3

Fig. 15 Mapping types of vendors at Bhandup Station road 00000011

Socio-economic development of Public markets

65

Concerns of the Site

3.2

Concerns of thr Site

Infrastructural Concerns

A. Spatial Configuration of shops i)

Demographics of Shops

History- The existing galas are situated since 50 years, i.e. when ATI Motors Company was present. The individual shops along street B on the other hand have been developed since last 20 years, as the land was owned by individual owners.

Characteristic- There is distinct variation in the configuration of shop areas. The galas provided by the government occupying section A and B have relatively smaller space for storage as well as selling space, as a result they occupy the space on the footpath for advertisement. While some of the galas at B and C advertise through hoardings on their shop fronts and settle with the minimal space given. While on the opposite side as the shops are owned by individual owners, they have individual sufficient spaces with well-developed frontages, storage areas and selling areas. The dimensions vary as per the plot owned by individuals which is equivalent to their requirements.

Fig. 16 Spatial configuration of type of shop 1

Fig. 17 Spatial configuration of type of shop 1-a

Fig. 18 Spatial configuration of type of shop 2

Fig. 19 Spatial configuration of type of shop 3

Fig. 20 Spatial configuration of type of shop 4

Fig. 21 Spatial configuration of type of shop 5

Legality- Galas are given to the shopkeepers by government, thus each owner have to pay regular fees to the government on the other hand the stores are individually owned.

66

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

67

Concerns of the Site

Concerns of thr Site 0.8

3.2.2 Infrastructural Concerns

0.6

0.6 1.0

B. Spatial Configuration of vendors i)

Demographics of Vendors

History- Vendors have been located along the station since 40-45 years. Their numbers have increased as development took place.

1.8

1.4 Fig. 22 Spatial configuration of vendor type 1

Fig. 23 Spatial configuration of vendor type 2

Characteristic- As per the number of the offerings each vendor occupies different spaces. Some use large umbrellas for protection from sun and rains. These informal sector is mobile in nature, wherein they wrap up their display at the end of the day, vacating the space by night.

Legality- As these informal vendors are illegal due to no hawking zone, during BMC inspections they shift their products to a near-by shop thus vacating these places. This act of theirs is temporary in nature, thus they regain their original places after inspection.

Some old vendors pay fees to BMC to have permissions for vending.

0.6

0.7

0.9

1.3 Fig. 24 Spatial configuration of vendor type 3 (2 offerings)

Fig. 25 Spatial configuration of vendor type 4

0.9

1.5

Fig. 26 Spatial configuration of vendor type 5 (1 offering)

68

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

69

Concerns of thr Site

Concerns of thr Site

3.2.2 Infrastructural Concerns Photo Documentation

C. Frontage Analysis Throughout the stretch the frontages of shops changes as per the product offerings and context requirements. The shops of A, B, C and D have active frontages with maximum interaction with the public on the street side. While the shops along the E and F edges have inward interactions with the public as their frontages are occupied for parking purpose. The types of frontages are presented below:

Fig. 28 Type 1 frontage of shop

Fig. 27 Map showing frontages of shops along the Station road

Fig. 29 Type 2 frontage of shop

70

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

71

Concerns of the Site

Concerns of thr Site

3.2.2 Infrastructural Concerns Photo Documentation

Photo Documentation

72

Fig. 30 Type 3 frontage of shop

Fig. 32 Type 5 frontage of shop

Fig. 31 Type 4 frontage of shop

Fig. 33 Type 6 frontage of shop

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

73

Concerns of thr Site

Concerns of thr Site

3.2.2 Infrastructural Concerns D. Backside of shops The area abutting the shop and the buildings in the back have 3 types of spaces. Shops in A section is adjoining the compound wall of Dreams mall wherein the 3m area is used for utility access of the structure. The B section which is a commercial building i.e. 78 Business park have ground floor shops which are accessible from the street, through small opening between the shops. Thus there is a light pedestrian flow happening behind these galas. Other shops are individual in nature wherein there are no buildings just abutting the shops. The backside of the shops have access road to residential, commercial, religious and institutional buildings. Thus the stretch doesn’t’t have mixed use buildings.

Fig. 35 Edge Condition of B segment

Fig. 34 Edge Condition of A segment Fig. 36 Edge Condition of C, D, E, F segment

74

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

75

Site Analysis Site Analysis

3.2.2 Infrastructural Concerns- Urban conditions

2.7.2 Infrastructural Concerns- URBAN CONDITIONS

E. Traffic congestion The route of the station has a median route with a divider in between in order to keep traffic travelling in different directions apart. The divider has opening for pedestrian in between at every junction of tertiary road and secondary road. Near D edge which is closer to station the divider opens up for an informal rickshaw stand, which is also used for U-turn for other vehicles. The next divider opens up for specific route of turning of busses. And the last part is used as a bus terminal with a police station abutting it.

E.

Vehicular Movement

Fig. 37 Vehicular movement mapping-Morning

Analysis- Regular basis During morning hours there is a rush of two wheelers and buses on the road approaching the station. There is major congestion of rickshaws and personal vehicles at the C edge seen during morning time. 4 wheelers have designated route to Station plaza. D, E, F is occupied for parking. The stretch facing major congestion at the entry, the approach lane, interval at the end and exit point because of the traffic signal. The pace of the vehicles is very slow due as the vehicular movement is merged with the pedestrian movement.

Fig. 40 Vehicular stop points throughout the day Fig. 38 Vehicular movement mapping-Afternoon

During the afternoon time there is to and fro of cars and buses at the maximum. It is not very bustling during afternoon times. The pace of the vehicles is more due to less traffic movement. The street has more breather spaces during afternoons.

Evenings are the busiest time of the day as rickshaws are approaching the station at large quantities. As they don’t have a designated rickshaw stand, no queue is maintained hence there is more rush and chaos. The bus movement is also obstructed at various points hence the pace of all the vehicles is slowed down. Both the streets have continuous vehicular flow with very less parking spots.

Analysis-Festive basis

The bus have dedicated stop points as a result the flow of people from busses is concentrated at only one point only. The car route has minimum stop points as a result there is very minimum interaction, as mostly they are parked on the E and edges only. The bike on the other hand have many stop points as a result of the gathering of people and space occupied is more at micro levels. Thus it is also a cause of more traffic congestion. The rickshaws move haphazardly and stop wherever they find customers throughout the stretch, as a result there are unexpected pauses caused due to the same. The interaction with the street and retail is active as well as challenged due to this pauses of the vehicles.

Fig. 39 Vehicular movement mapping-Evening

During festive season the vehicular movement is obstructed at the maximum due to increased pedestrian flow as well as increase in vendors. The stop points of vehicles is also reduced due to traffic and there is a continuous flow of vehicles.

76

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

77

Concerns of thr Site

Concerns of thr Site

3.2.2 Infrastructural Concerns- URBAN CONDITIONS F. Streetscape

The streetscapes of both the streets is unlike in nature. A larger portion of street A is occupied by a larger portion for retail and informal sector, hence there is more of congestion of vehicular as well as pedestrian movement.

Street B on the other hand allows a larger portion for vehicular movement, as a result more of parking is to be seen on street B. As the shops are inward in nature, a very less space is taken over for pedestrian movement. The characteristic is as below:

Fig. 42 Spatial configuration of Street A

Fig. 41 Plan of edge A and D

G. Saftey Due to continuous flow of people, and active edges of the site, the site has a positive aspect related to woman’s safety. Due to neighborhood around, and illuminated streets the stretch is safer for women during late evenings as well I.e. till 12 (till the last train arrives) as the flow of people is continuous with different densities. But as the streets are crowded the most and less security around, there are incidents noted of thefts.

78

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 43 Spatial configuration of Street B

Socio-economic development of Public markets

79

Concerns of thr Site Concerns of thr Site

3.3

Social Concerns

3. 3.1

Overcrowding

As retail + vehicular movement is merging in a confined space, there is minimum availability of space for pedestrian movement. As a result people tend to walk in a crunched up space at a very less pace as the footfall increases during peak hours.

Analysis-Regular basis In the morning the street basically serves as a pathway for people approaching the station to go to their workspaces. As a result the flow of movement is less and unidirectional.

People are seen in more numbers at the station entrance. In early morning the vendors are seen setting up their stalls, and around 10 a.m. the retail shops open up.

Fig. 44 Density mapping- Time slot 1

Fig. 47 Density mapping- Time slot 4

Fig. 45 Density mapping- Time slot 2

Fig. 48 Density mapping- Time slot 5

Fig. 46 Density mapping- Time slot 3

Fig. 49 Density mapping- Time slot 6

During late morning, the street opens up to all its activities thus a flow of pedestrian movement starts. The flow of to and fro of the station increases, with vendors obstructing their flow. More concentration of crowd is towards the entry and exits, be cause of the offerings of that edges.

Early afternoon the retail shops are full in business, as women’s around the residential area tend to shop during early afternoons. As a result more footfall is noted at A and F sections of the street. Late afternoon the market is at a peace, as the flow of movement is reduced, so vendors and shop owners use this time for their lunch and some socializing. People are seeing stalling along the stretch at the time slot.

Evening time the street is seen very bustling with activities hence it is the most active as well as chaotic. People’s movement is noted in all directions irrespective of the road type. People with designated approach tend to opt for skywalk or walk on the road approaching the LBS Marg i.e. D-F and the rest prefer road as people tend to buy their daily necessities on their way back home.

At night time the pedestrian flow is reduced to bare minimum, as the street are occupied by some residential crowd around for stalling. There is more concentration of people near station waiting in line for their bus. For this crowd vendors situate themselves near th station to make themselves available till the last train arrives.

Analysis-Festive basis During festive season, there is increased pedestrian movement throughout the day, as the offerings of the market is broadened to festive needs. Various types of vendors start occupying spaces near the station thus causing more of congestion. The area along the exit is comparatively less crowded.

80

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

81

Concerns of thr Site

3. 3.2

Concerns of thr Site

No Sense of Belonging

There are majorly 5 types of activities that happens in the A and F section of the station.

Their intensity varies as per peak and non-peak hours. As the types of activities are inclusive in nature, a daily commuter or a vendor lacks a sense of belonging, as there is no social connectedness amongst each other. As each and every person is in rush during the peak hours, there is lack of ease of movement.

Fig. 50 Types of activities at Edge A and F- Peak hours

During non-peak hours there are less of daily commuters but the residential population around the area and even the vendors tend to stall along the stretch. There is more of interaction among the vendors as they occupy the spaces of the frontage of each other’s shop for chit-chatting. The F edge foresees very less activities on the streets as the shops are inclusive in nature.

The pedestrian movement and their halt spaces vary as per gender. A male traveler has very less halt points as along as he doesn’t’t have to buy fresh produce. He has a designated travel towards his objective. On the other hand if a woman is travelling she has many stop points, as the station offers more retail shopping of female clothing. A child who has come along with a lady has a movement flow along the retail shops as well. A child or a teenager have less halt points and some designated as there is a school in E section. As there are very less eateries along the stretch, children aren’t seen stalling around the stretch. As the halt points of all the three genders are monotonous in nature there is a lack of buffer space along the stretch. Some spaces of social interaction, or waiting spaces for other person or some recreational spaces or eateries as well are lacking in the initial section of the stretch.

Fig. 51 Types of activities at Edge A and F- Non-Peak hours

Fig. 52Pedestrian stop points at Edge A and F

82

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

83

Concerns of thr Site

3.4

Concerns of thr Site

Environmental Concerns

3. 4.3

Waste Management

The whole street faces remote problems of waste management. The street is cleaned twice a day, i.e. during morning and afternoon at once. As the streets aren’t cleaned at night, a large amount of waste is to be seen scattered at various points. At every smaller road junction a pile of waste is being dumped. The whole street has dustbins located at only two points, i.e. near the station and near the public toilet. Due to irregular cleaning the hygiene of the surrounding is compromised. Street B is seen to be cleaner than street A, as the waste is collected inside the shops itself and later collected by BMC officials. The streets lacks proper allocation of dustbins, cleaner utility areas and periodical cleaning.

3. 4.4

Storm water Management

As Bhandup is located at a higher slope on the eastern suburbs, it doesn’t’t quite face the problem of flooding during rainy season. The water is sloped down to neighborhood towns, i.e. Mulund and Kanjurmarg. During very heavy rains, water level rises on the railway tracks, i.e. 0.2-0.3m. The drainage of the street is done through surface drainage collection pipes along the footpaths.

3. 4.5

Fig. 53 Map showing Clean and unclean edges along the station road

Fig. 54 Waste generation point-Edge B

Fig. 55 Waste generation point- Edge C

Sanitation

There is one public toilet located near the B section. It has 4 cubicles of male and 5 cubicles of female. The hygiene of the toilet is not maintained at its best. The cleaning is done twice a day along with waste collection.

3. 4.6

Lighting and Power

Fig. 56 Garbage dumped around public toilet

Fig. 57 Garbage dumped at tertiary access

Fig. 58 Electrical Junction box

Fig. 59 Public toilet

The street is illuminated with street light poles distanced 30m apart. The main source of electrical power is the MSEB i.e. Maharashtra State electric board. The site has an electrical junction box at the junction of E and F section, which supplies electricity to the retail shops and the residential area around.

84

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

85

Concerns of thr Site Concerns of thr Site

2.5 CONCLUSION MATRIX OF ANALYSIS AS PER STAKEHOLDER

PRIMARY CONCERNS SECONDARY CONCERNS VENDORS TEMPORARY / PERMANENT (FOOD / VEGETABLE / COMMODITY)

ACCESIBILITY

CONCERN

ACTIVITIES

HYGIENE

1. Vegetable vendors nearer to the station and fruit vendors near to LBS marg.

2. Spaced with 2-3m distance.

3. Each vendor has a specific location throughout the year

1. As per the number of products the space is increased or decreased.

2. They use plastic carots and wowen baskets to display as well as store their products.

3. As they occupy their spaces on streets they have larger clearity and connect to people.

1. Individual acess through trains and Station road.

2. Products are obatined throuh Vashi market and deleivered on the site.

1. Insufficient space to cater to large crowd.

2. Stationed at one specific place.

1. Less social interaction amongst themselves.

2. To participatory social events.

Due to street To attract the audidisplay, the ence, vendors shout surrounding dirt their product costs, sets on the fresh thus causing noise produces. pollution.

1. The street lacks strategic planning as there are mixed classficiation of shops located at differents points.

2. One section i.e at the entry of the market has a combined lane of clothes stores.

1. Street A have smaller galas provided by government.

2. Street B have developed renovated spacious shops.

They have clear pedes- 1. The shops of small- Individual shop owntrain access and have er heights lack visual ers decorate their smaller areas for vehic- connectivity during shops during festiular pakring as well. peak hours. vals. Social collab2. The facde of the oration lacks during shop is used for adver- festive seasons. tising their products.

1. Commuters prefer the route below skywalk due to the offerings of the street.

2. Skywalks are opted who have purposed travel.

1. Due to congestion a buyer feels crunched while shopping.

2. The space offered by evry offering of the market is not sufficient.

3. The shops also lacks waiting spaces for a buyer.

1. Distingushed lanes 1. Traffic congestion makes it easy to ap2. Overcrowding proach the station and 3. Transition spaces LBS marg 2. Skywalk is connected directly from station to lbs marg, it doesn’t have any mid drop points.

1. Chaos Clean market 1. Quality of experi- Availabilty of dustbins 2. Lack of buffer space through- ence spaces out the day 2. Sense of belonging 3. Lack of visual con3. Socialization points nectivity.

The supplier's vehicle is

1. Lack of defined space

Parking

Social connection with vendors

STAKEHOLDER

COMMUTER / RESIDENTIAL

SUPPLIER

stopped in front of the shop 2.Lack of waiting or resting SMALL SCALE(VENDING) till it loads and unloads. Thus space the trucks and tempos occu/ LARGE SCALE py the spaces on road itself (SHOP OWNER)

SERVICE SECURITY & INVIGILATOR

86

Socio-economic development of Public markets

ENVIRONMENT

SPATIAL CONFIGU-

BUYER

MAINTENANCE

SOCIAL

LOCATION

SELLER

SHOP OWNER

INFRASTRUCTURE

INFRASTRUCTURE

The BMC staff workers have There ain't any defined spaca common access as the es for them rest. Their work is reported to the ward office.

Police station is located near 5m X5m cabin is allocated the station.

Parking

Storage of equipments Storage of equipments

1. Irregualr intervals of waste collection 2. Lack of cleaning drives

The footpaths abutting the shops are clean throughout the day.

CONCERN

WASTE MANAGE-

ECONOMIC

STORM-WATER SANITATION SUSTAINABILITY

Due to minimum proviDrainage systemsion of dustbins, the area Footpath is raised around each vendor is at 0.15m littered

They use larger um- Informal brellas for shading and protection from rains and use locally available materials to set up their business

Lack of social spaces, Every shop owners man- Footpath is raised or social events for ages their own waste at 0.15m vendors and shop produce which is later owners to collabocollected by BMC. rate.

Resilient spaces Raised road

LEGALITY CONCERN

Formal

1. Lack of green spaces Availability of 2. Quality spaces w.r.t one public toicommuting and shoplet, which is at ping poor hygiene.

1. Changing patterns of shopping 2. Quantitative assement

Allocated

by BMC

1. Lack of health care initatives of labourers.

2. Odour control

Segregation and Disposal system

1. They don’t have feasibility for their development.

2. Due to online shopping, their business is hampered.

3. They lack innovative techniques of expanision.

Lack of investment in technology used and human capital

Low technology

1. Duties during political or religious rallys around the market Socio-economic development of Public markets

87

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

4.1

Site Introduction

4. 1.1 Project Information

Chapter 4

1. Project Information 2. History of Dreams Mall

DYSFUNCTIONAL STRUCTUREDREAMS MALL

3. Current Condition 4. Space Analysis 5. Conclusion 6. Survey Based on Interviews

Fig. 60 Entrance of Dreams Mall

• LOCATION – LBS Marg, near Bhandup railway station, Bhandup west, Mumbai4000078

• INAUGURATION- 2009 • ARCHITECT- Hafeez Contractor • CLIENT- H.D.I.L • AREA- 5.75 Acres Socio-economic development of Public markets

89

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

4. 1.1

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Project Information

• NUMBER OF FLOORS- 6 EXI

4

1.8

0

FIR E

• Basement ( Parking and services)

4

T

L3

2.4

4.3

L1

0

10.9

+ 0.0

1.40

LVL.

3.27

BED

LIFT

BED

LIFT 1.80

1.80

4.60 0.60

2.00

+ 0.0

L2

LVL. VOID

L LV W LO BE MPLE TE

VOID

2.00 0

7.10

10.9

VOID

4.50

1.50

• Lower ground floor ( Shops, offices, Institutions)

1.80 1.50

+ 0.0

LVL.

ING WAIT

3.60

+ 0.25M

• Upper ground floor (Offices, Institutions)

+ 0.25M

LVL.

LVL. D

+ 0.0M

LVL.

+ 0.250

M LVL.

3.60

47.52

2.00

M LVL.

4.4 3

for wc

LVL.

6.03

+ 0.0

Pumbing

+ 0.0M

LVL. +

0.00

M LVL.

M

2400

1.54

+ 0.0M

+ 0.0

M LVL.

2.21

CORR

6.82

0 1.5

3.30

WIDE

2.00

6

0.45

5.3

+ 0.250

5.58

5.70

2.00

LVL.

FIRE EXIT

M LVL.

+ 0.45 M LVL. + 0.0 M LVL.

+ 0.0

+ 0.0

M LVL.

IDOR

• First floor (Offices, Institutions)

2.00

D

2.62

23.2

8 9.76

4.74

D

• Second floor ( Recreational spaces)

1.65

3.6

18

00

2

MM

WI

DE

EX

IT

CO

13.

52

FIRE EXIT

+ 0.0 M LVL.

RR

ID

OR

51.48

1.95

89.

2.50X

1.80

20

6.45

UP.

• Third floor ( Hospital and PMC Bank)

2.00

4.67

0.47

2.00

9.55

15.57

13.82

FIRE EXIT

+ 0.60 M LVL.

+ 0.60 M LVL.

9.59

1.50

32.70

3.30 1.50 VOID

3.00

+ 0.60 M LVL.

+ 0.60 M LVL.

3.29

12.72

+ 0.60 M LVL.

+ 0.00 M LVL.

+ 0.60 M LVL.

LIFT 2.70X1.20

13.58

7.75

6.35

B.M.S 14.59 X 7.75

14.18

Fig. 61 Second floor plan OF Dreams Mall

4.05

Being at a Prime Location as well as a part of mall many of its galas were sold in the year 2009 to different Shop Owners so what eventually it addressed to was a number of different functions like-

POLYCARBONATE SHEET AS ROOFING MATERIAL ABOVE

POLYCARBONATE SHEET AS ROOFING MATERIAL ABOVE

TERRACE

5.40

3.70

TERRACE FLR +21.30M LVL

PASSAGE

PROJECTOR ROOM

THIRD FLR +17.10M LVL

9.00

10.15

• PLINTH AREA- 23,225.76 SQ.M • TOTAL BUILT UP- 103122.374 SQ.M

+ 0.60 M LVL.

1.62

3.16 0.55

PASS

4.20

4.20

4.20

5.15

4.20

THEATHRE LOBBY

PASS

TERRACE

TOI

4.20

4.20

4.20

21.95

PASS

4.20

SECOND FLR +12.90M LVL

1. Shopping Area- Fashion, Food, and Health-care products, Appliances Gadgets, Parlours and Salons, Stationeries, Toy-shops, Work-spaces etc.

PASS

ANCHOR SHOP

PASS PASS

4.20

4.20

4.20

FIRST FLR +8.70M LVL

ANCHOR SHOP

TOI

PASS

PASS

RETAINING WALL 230 MM.

ATRIUM

ATRIUM

3.80

BASEMENT PARKING

3.80

2. Offices- Property Dealers Consultants, Mobile Gallery, Individual Private Offices work spaces for different purposes etc.

PAVING +0.00M LVL

ANCHOR SHOP

TOI

0.30

LOWER GROUND FLR +0.30 M LVL

1.00

1.50

4.20

4.20

UPPER GROUND FLR +4.50M LVL

BASEMENT PARKING

BASEMENT PARKING

BASEMENT FLR -3.50m M LVL.

SECTION A-A.

HOSPITAL

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

FOOD COURT

FOOD STALL

RESTAURANT

+12.90M LVL 2ND FLR

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

FOOD COURT

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

CORRIDOR

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

+8.70M LVL 1ST FLR

CORRIDOR

ATRIUM

CORRIDOR

SHOP SHOP SHOP SHOP

+4.50M LVL GROUND FLR

CORRIDOR

4.20 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

PLAZA +0.15M LVL.

ENTRANCE LOBBY +0.30M LVL.

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP

SHOP SHOP SHOP SHOP SHOP SHOP

SHOP

SHOP SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

SHOP

+0.30 LVL.

CORRIDOR RETAINING WALL 230MM THK.

RETAINING WALL 0.23 230MM THK.

0.30

ROAD +2.00M LVL.

SHOP CORRIDOR

3.80

4. Recreation- There were functions like Theatres, Game-zones, Banquets for Recreation purposes and attracting people so as to increase footfall. Also events use to take place In the malls

SHOP CORRIDOR

21.30

SHOP

21.00

SHOP

+17.10M LVL 3RD FLR

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

CORRIDOR

4.20

4.20

3. Institutions- Coaching Classes, Dance & Music Academy, Computer Courses, Classes, etc.

4.20

+21.30M LVL TERRACE FLR HOSPITAL

OFFICE

LOWER GROUND FLR

±0.00 LVL. GRD LVL.

-3.50 M LVL. BASEMENT

SECTION B-B.

Fig. 62 Cross Sections

90

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

91

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall 4. 1.2

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

History of Dreams Mall

The Mall Project was designed by Architect Hafeez Contractor and later it was handed over to Satra Properties for Developing and Execution Process. After that stage, there were lot of changes that were brought about, for selling purpose, therefore small galas were made out of big spaces and sold to different shop-owners, offices and other purposes in an affordable rates.

After the inauguration it was found that the most of the mall spaces/ galas were occupied by the shop owners and got sold well; Builder and the mall management staff took the responsibility of the maintenance of the mall and it was abided even on the shops i.e. they use to pay maintenance which was equally incorporated for necessary maintenance of mall spaces too, along with shop usage also.

Fig. 63 Central Atrium of the mall

Later this shop owners felt that it is large amount of maintenance charges to be paid (The charges were Rs.18 per Sqft.): they argued with the builder’s staff. But no proper step from the builder’s side was taken. Though many of the shop owners denied to pay the maintenance and started having their own individual electric meters taking into consideration with M.E.S.B. The shop owners suffered severely as the builder failed to pay the maintenance after an year. The access points, escalator, lifts and shops did not work well because of lack of electricity as well as the centralised HVAC was not in working condition. It eventually lead to problems like lack of security.

Fig. 64 Narrow Alley in the mall

92

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 65 View of Vacant Mall Socio-economic development of Public markets

93

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Shop Owners At Bhandup Mall Protest Against Frequent PowerCuts

Updated: 03 December, 2014 12:11 IST | Pooja Kalwar | Office and shop owners at Dreams Mall allege that for the last six months they have been facing regular power cuts, making it difficult for them to run their business

them that their problems would be resolved at the earliest. We are planning to install generators so that the theatre and shops get regular power supply.”

Voices

Around 1,150 shops at Dreams Mall in Bhandup were closed on Thursday, as owners sat at the atrium to protest against authorities of the mall. Shopkeepers allege that the management, Housing Development & Infrastructure Limited (HDIL), has not been providing regular power supply to their shops and offices.

Dreams Mall The shops and office owners at Dreams Mall protested on Thursday, against mall management, which comes under HDIL

According to shop owners, for the last six months they have been facing power cuts every day, making it difficult for them to run their business. The mall has three floors in five wings with shops, and a Carnival Theatre on the fourth floor, which comes under the management.

Along with the shop owners, the housekeeping staff also joined the protest. When mid-day spoke to them, the staff informed that they have not been given their salaries for the last month.

Anjani Kormuri, runs a snack shop in the mall The mall authorities took money from us to install personal meters in every shop. It has been five years, but they haven’t installed it yet. They charge us R20 per unit, when the actual cost of electricity is R9. However, if we fail to pay maintenance money on time, they make sure we don’t get electricity for the next few days.

Raju Prajapati, owns a labour contract office in the mall I pay Rs 7,500 every month for maintenance, but we are still victimised by the management.

There are times when we don’t get electricity throughout the day. The Carnival Theatre on the other hand, has never had a problem of power cut. They only have issues with the shop and office owners, despite paying bills regularly.

Veena Khone, who owns an interior designing shop I just returned from Delhi and found out that the shopkeepers are on strike. I support them completely as the condition of shops and offices in the mall has been deteriorating every day.

As a woman, I feel unsafe working late at night, despite security. The lights at passages are usually kept off and CCTV also does not work due to power cuts. My work requires me to stay at my office till late evening, but I don’t feel safe.

Lack of security’ Shop owners revealed that the escalator service has also not been functioning properly.

They also alleged there is lack of security, especially for women, as the lights at corridors are usually off due to power cuts.

The other side RP Yadav, the head of HDIL Security management visited the mall during the protest. Speaking 94 to mid-day, he said, “We are trying to figure out the issues of owners in the mall. We assured Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

95

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

96

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Socio-economic development of Public markets

97

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall 4. 1.3

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Current Senario

At present the individual shops / galas are in working condition, though they have got electricity and they work individually but the mall premises, lobbies, access points are still not working well.

Fig. 66 Exterior view showing AC outlets

1. Lobbies and corridors outside this shops get heated up since the outlet unit of AC’s are kept in the corridors so it is suffocating while wandering in the mall.

2. Many shops are closed down and looking for sale or rent but they are not getting response due to lack of business environment.

3. Vehicles are parked in no-parking zones, which are as well not maintained.

4. Exterior facades of the Mall are hampered for ventilation purposes i.e. because of the problems of electricity in the mall does the AC unit is installed on the facade of the mall and changes have been made afterwards for incorporating sunrise hospital.

Fig. 67 Advertisments of galas for sale

Fig. 68 Non working accelators

5. Many galas in the interior of the mall are closed, even the escalators are not in working condition only lifts have started working.

6. The fire escape staircase is not at all maintained leading to of circulation problems.

7. The dreams Mall complex has already faced many security issues. In criminal activities somewhere the current scenario is largely responsible for it there have been increasing number of thefts and illegal happenings in isolated areas of mall.

8. Due to no activity the parking lots are used for dumping waste from the mall as well as the market.

Fig. 69 Garbage dumped in parking lot

9. Nearly half of the mall property is owned by DHFL builders now which includes the part of theatres and the areas below it on each floor. The upper ground floor and first floor consists of DHFL Home Loan Office. So there are two developers now on the premises DHFL and HDIL respectively.

10. Though the shop owners want to sell or give on rent their properties, regardless what they are not able to sell as they are not getting any party to respond for the same.

98

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 70 Vacant mall and damaged false ceilings

Fig. 71 AC vents in the corridors Socio-economic development of Public markets

99

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall 4. 1.4

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Survey Analysis

Survey-Second Floor

Theatre and Cinema

The second floor has recreational spaces among that only the banquets works well while the theatre is closed done. The office are closed down. Food court has only four restaurants working. During Covid times, the sunrise hospital has started working specially for the BMC infected officials.

Banquet hall

Second floor Survey- First Floor 1st floor consists of 350 galas among which 216 are not working, i.e they are closed and to be sold or rented out whereas 134 galas are working, the percentage of the nonworking Galas among the total Galas is 61.71%

First floor Survey- Upper Ground Floor Upper Ground Floor consists of 350 galas among which 201 are not working i.e.; they are closed and to be sold or rented out whereas 144 galas are working. The percentage of the non-working Galas among the total galas is 57.42%.

Upper ground floor Survey- Lower Ground Floor Lower ground floor consists of 395 galas among which 139 are not working that is they are closed and to be sold or rented out various 256 colours are working the percentage of the non-working as among the total galas is 35.18%.

Lower ground floor Working Spaces Non-Working Spaces

100

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 73 Axonometric view showing analysis of working and non working spaces of dreas mall

Socio-economic development of Public markets

101

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

4. 1.5 Conclusion

Among all the malls in Mumbai dreams Mall is one of the lowest rated mall in the city. Though it is one of the largest mall in the city area wise but still its performance isn’t pleasing nor it is under the favour of people who own the shops for their different business.

The only business which is doing well is the banquet hall. Primarily the potential of the project should have been larger because it is located at a prominent location. If we concentrate on the planning aspect, the spaces of the shops design were not big enough, as they were set to be at affordable and reasonable prices for shop owners. But this was not proved to be sufficient because the mall lacked introduction of larger brands which could have boasted the footfall in the premises.

Different functional space in a single big unit i.e., mall which is catering to different users such as officer, institutes, recreational, hospital etc., along with the shopping area in an unorganised manner is resulting huge problems in the mall now. Functions like toilets and service areas are not planned properly nor are they maintained. This state of mall says clearly when a big entity like malls failed how severely it has to suffer architecturally, even if we introduce new functions in it, we should be aware of how would be its execution to avoid ending up in a similar situation as the dreams premises.

102

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

103

Site Potential- Metro Station

5.1

Demographics

The site has an upcoming metro station on the LBS marg, opposite dreams mall. Hence it has huge potential for development. The demographics of the metro station are as follows:

• Station name- Bhandup Metro • Station Type- Elevated Traffic Forecast by MCGM-

Chapter 5 SITE POTENTIAL: METRO STATION

1. Demographics 2. Salient features 3. Typical plans

• Route- Gaimukh to Wadala • Alighting - 1833 • Boarding - 950 • Route- Wadala to Gaimukh • Boarding - 1217 • Alighting -761 • Station Locations

Stations have been located so as to serve major passenger destinations and to enable convenient integration with other modes of transport such as Railway Stations, Bus Terminals, etc. However effort has also been made to propose station locations, such that inter station distances are as uniform as possible.

• All stations will be two level stations The concourse comprising of passenger

facilities and station facilities will be at lower level and the platforms on the higher level. All the stations have been planned cantilever leaving 10.5m road width either side of the median.

• Terminals

As this is the extension of Mumbai Metro Line-4, thus there is only one terminal i

i) EXTENSION OF MUMBAI METRO LINE-4 FROM KASARVADAVALI TO GAIMUKH MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMRDA) Socio-economic development of Public markets

105

Site Potential- Metro Station

Site Potential- Metro Station

5.2 Salient Feature

5.3

Drawings of Typical Metro station

station as detailed below.

Salient features of a Metro Rail station are as follows: 1. Both the stations have two unpaid area.

2. The platform level has adequate assembly space for passengers for both normal operating conditions and a recognized abnormal scenario.

Fig. 74 Road level plan

3. The plat form level at elevated stations is determined by a critical clearance of 5.50m above the road level, and 3.30m for the concourse height, about 1m for concourse floor and 2 m for structure of tracks above the concourse. Further, the platforms are 1.100m above the rail level. This would make the platforms in an elevated situation at least 13.5m aboveground.

4. The concourse contains automatic fare collection system in a manner that divides the concourse into distinct areas. The ‘unpaid area’ is where passengers gain access

Fig. 75 Concourse level plan

to the system, obtain travel information and purchase tickets. On passing through the ticket gates, the passenger enters the ‘paid area, which includes access to the platforms.

5. The arrangement of the concourse is assessed on a station-by-station basis and is

Fig. 76 Elevation

determined by site constraints and passenger access requirements.

6. Sufficient space for queuing and passenger flow has been allowed at the ticketinggates.

7. Station entrances are locatedwith particularreference to passengercatchmentpoints and physical site constraints within the right-of-way.

8. The DG set, bore well, pump house, underground water tank and refuge collectionwould be located at street level. i

106

i) EXTENSION OF MUMBAI METRO LINE-4 FROM KASARVADAVALI TO GAIMUKH MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMRDA) Socio-economic development of Public markets

i

i) EXTENSION OF MUMBAI METRO LINE-4 FROM KASARVADAVALI TO GAIMUKH MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMRDA) Socio-economic development of Public markets

107

Aspects Studied-

Baltic Station MarketArchitectural Characteristics

Chapter 6

1. Baltic Station Market 2. Mulund Market 3. Dadar Market

CASE STUDIES

4. Chow Kit Market, China

Traditional facade, open and closed spaces, warm and cold products classificstion, public and non-public

Chow Kit MarketUrban and Spatial Issues Non-Strategic location, poor management on storage spaces, Low visiblity, Saftey

spaces.

Mulund Station MarketSpatial Characteristics and Planning Distingushed lanes, wider roads, social buffer spaces, adaquet spaces for pedestrian movement.

Dadar Flower MarketSpatail Analysis and Problems Dedicated lanes, Active and chaotic in nature, activities and lack of public spill over, traffic congestion.

Case Studies

Case Studies

6.1 6. 1.1

6. 1.2

Baltic Station Market

Triggered Issue for Reconstruction

General Inforation of the Project With the growing popularity of the residential district of Kalamaja and its surroundings, the market also needed to cater to greater demands and needs. The old market, famous for offering exotic post-Soviet experiences – especially for tourists – was quite the attraction with its colorful selection of merchandise and reasonably priced groceries.

Unfortunately, it also attracted different kinds of people – local drunks, homeless people and even criminals.

Despite having its own character and authenticity, the market was not inviting for the younger generation and families who had become the majority in the neighborhood in recent years. The market no longer served as the heart of the new community. The aim of the reconstruction design was to create a contemporary and diverse market, while also preserving the historic character of the market with all of its hustle and bustle and chaotic nature.

Fig. 78 Entrance view from the evening square

• Area- 25000 m² • Year-2017 • Architects- KOKO architects • The Baltic Station Market is located in north Tallinn between the city’s main railway station and the popular residential district of Kalamaja.

• The aim of the reconstruction design was to create a contemporary and diverse

market, while also preserving the historic character of the market with all of its hustle and bustle and chaotic nature.

• Striking feature created was to add the pre-existing context to attract the widest

target audience possible - from rail passengers to local residents, young people to tourists, and everyone who happens to be passing through the area.

i

110

i) https://miesarch.com/work/3909 Socio-economic development of Public markets

6. 1.3

Architectural Planning

The main objective of the market’s ground floor is to convey the hustle and bustle. The desired environment is created through the massing of various market forms, brought together on the ground floor. Typical functions of a market – stalls for meat, fish, and dairy – stand side by side with the farmers market, vegetable stalls, and a street food avenue in the central building. Combining these functions creates an entirely new way to experience the Baltic Station Market.

The first floor is mainly dedicated to the essentials of the former market – antiquities, second-hand goods and clothing – but as a new addition there is also Estonian design, craft and household goods. High roomy wood-strip ceilings and ample natural light create an open airy environment throughout the whole first floor. To make use of the wonderful views from the first floor, an eatery and brewery have been installed there, both of which have an outside terrace opening to the midday sun. i

i) https://archello.com/project/baltic-station-market Socio-economic development of Public markets

111

Case Studies

Case Studies

6. 1.4

Characteristics of the Marketplace

Keywords- open, closed, warm, cold, public, non-publicThe main architectural facade of the market is made up of three two-storey limestone warehouses from the 1870s, the function of which changed in the 1990s when the market was opened. The underlying architectural idea for the new market was to draw attention to these powerful structural elements. The new extension essentially includes a cross-section of a large saw-tooth roof and a gradual longitudinal section, following the shape and size of the original buildings. The tops of the saw-tooth roof are made of polarized glass, allowing generous sunlight into the building, without it harming the goods, vendors, or customers.

The interior market is laid out over three floors within the reconstructed buildings and between them. The Baltic station side of the roof is left open for an outdoor market, which, just like the original market, closes for the night. As the archetype of visitors’ expectations, the outdoor market is placed in the most visible location to entice passersby. Behind the outdoor market stand wooden kiosks, designated for smaller businesses, such as bakers, sweet shops, spice shops etc.

Next to the outdoor market at the front is the Hommikuväljak (Morning Square) with the Õhtuväljak (Evening Square) on the other side of the building – their names referring to

Fig. 80 Diagram of room programme

the best time of the day to spend time in either. The squares are connected by ramps and terraces, lined with cosy areas for eating and sitting, a children’s playground, and terraces for cafés and restaurants. During the evenings and into the night people can walk through and enjoy the same area lit-up.

The material palette includes bricks of various colors and brick-sized ceramic tiles.

Wood and black metal were used for the railings and shop fronts. The general lighting is

Fig. 81 Section of the structure

warm and discreet, which makes it possible to create special lighting for specific goods and businesses, if needed. i

112

i) https://archello.com/project/baltic-station-market ii) https://miesarch.com/work/3909 Socio-economic development of Public markets

i

i) https://miesarch.com/work/3909 Socio-economic development of Public markets

113

Case Studies

Case Studies

6. 1.5 Conclusion

Fig. 82 View of Open Market

Fig. 83 View of the vegetable section

Fig. 89 Bird’s eye view of Baltic Station Market

The aim of the market’s overall design is to encourage a large number and range of sellers to find a new home and inspiration in The Baltic Station Market. The tenants were invited to explore the boundaries and find a suitable image for their business. The goal to bring the market into a new era, keeping a part of its history and restoring the value Fig. 84 View of the exterior market

Fig. 85 View of the farmer’s market in between the hisoric limestone walls

of a classic market, stood particularly distinct in the context of new shopping malls.

The designed space is a functional program on three levels and not building out to the maximum volume of the surrounding area. Thus, it all was tied together into one integral space.

Fig. 87 View of connective spaces i

114

i) https://miesarch.com/work/3909 Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 88 View of market corridor

i

i) https://archello.com/project/baltic-station-market ii) https://miesarch.com/work/3909 Socio-economic development of Public markets

115

Case Studies

Case Studies

6.2

Mulund Market

6. 2.1 Introduction

6. 2.1

Market lanes

Mulund is a suburb in the north-east of Mumbai, it is said to be the earliest planned neighbourhood of Mumbai City. It is based on a grid-iron plan, it has a railway station on a Central railway line. Mulund Market is in centre of the city and residential areas are peripheral to it.

DESCRIPTION OF SHOPS ON LANES OF MULUND MARKET: The market of Mulund is a very well planned and structured; the shops are in such a way that it compliments each other and hence it gives good opportunity for businesses to grow. Lane 1 has offices and classes along with food outlets, being close to offices and classes food outlets gets good opportunity to grow. Lane 2 consists of shops of clothing, jewellery, footwears this helps consumers to shop for all the essentials at one place itself, Lane 3 consists shops of Footwears, cosmetics and clothing. Lane 4 has Banquet halls, temples, restaurants and these places are bit away from crowded areas. Lane 5 has shops of jewellers, clothing and other miscellaneous shops. Lane 6 has shops for shopping clothing and footwears as well as food outlets. Lane 7 has Food outlets, Mobile shops, temples and watch stores. The lanes are in grid pattern and hence it compliments to buyers and sellers.

Fig. 90 Diagram shows classification of types of shops along the lanes

116

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

117

Case Studies

Case Studies

6. 2.2

Mulund market plan

6. 2.3

Views of market lane

Fig. 92 View at 1

Fig. 93 View at 6

Fig. 94 View at 4

Fig. 95 View at 4

Fig. 96 View at 2

Fig. 97 View at 3

Fig. 98 View at 5

Fig. 99 View at 5

2

1

3

4 6 5

Fig. 91 Location plan highlighting market lanes

118

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

119

Case Studies

Case Studies

6. 2.4

Market showing types of vendors

6. 2.5

Jalaram Bappa Market view

DESCRIPTION OF VENDORS ALONG THE LANES: Vendors are situated in such a way that it helps their customers and compliments their respective business too, For instance vegetable vendors and fruit vendors are situated in such a way that it helps them to grow. Lane 2 and 6 is associated with food outlets, Lane 3 and 6 has Vegetable and Fruit vendors. Lane 6 has some miscellaneous vendors too, Lane 7 has Fruit vendors and Flower vendors.

Fig. 101 View showing buffer spaces for social interaction

Fig. 100 Diagram shows classification of types of vendors along the lanes

120

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 102 View showing wider spaces for vendors (outdoor display of products)

Socio-economic development of Public markets

121

Case Studies

Case Studies

6.3 6. 2.1

Jalaram Bappa Market view

Fig. 103 View of enclosed Jalaram Bappa market

Dadar Market 6. 3.1 Introduction

Fig. 104 Interior view of Jalaram Bappa market

• Density- 22,000 people per sq. km.

• Area- Residential and shopping neighbourhood • Building typologies- Residential and commercial • Modes of transport- Taxi and local buses (B.E.S.T.).

• Area of study-Market• Flower market of Permanent and temporary vendor • Vegetable market • Women’s and children’s clothing shops and many predominant jewelry shops.

• Hawkers plaza Road with market

Fig. 105 View of Semi-open Center point shopping arcade

Fig. 106 Interior view of Center point arcade

The Jalaram Bappa market has proved to be a successful intervention in the market wherein the ancillary services offered in the market are situated inside the structure while the shops offering daily necessities are open to public in the frontage of the structure.

The structure provides a frontage which is widely used for social interaction among the vendors along with access to the shops. As the shops are placed at an upper level it is visually seen from the whole lane of the market. The wider roads help vendors to situate

122

Fig. 107 Location plan highlighting the market of Dadar West

themselves with adequate space for customers to stop and shop.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

123

Case Studies

Case Studies

6. 3.2 Station access and movement

• Due to the linearity and compact setting of the station, there are many entries and

exits from the station. Which makes it difficult to maneuver in the station area because they are not marked or aligned with the streets leading to the entries.

• The east-west connections via bridges is also very weak. The bridge connections are

not complete. They are connected or merged to other bridges making it a maze for travel.

• These connections end into the most unlikely places where it cannot take in the extra ascending or descending crowd.

Fig. 108 Vendors at flower market

• The east-west connections are more station oriented connecting only the area

above the railways. Rather the connections could be more place based, focusing on connecting areas beyond the station. So that travel to the transit station could be faster, better and easy from different landmarks.

6. 3.3 Fig. 109 Vendors at flower market

Vehicular Congestion

•

There is major traffic congestion taking place at the nodes and junctions leading to the station.

• •

The traffic is also caused due to the nature of the roads and vehicular movement.

One of the major contributors of traffic is the elevated vehicular bridge in the Dadar west.

• •

It causes undue extra traffic at the start and end of the bridge.

The space below the bridge is encroached by the informal vendors making it difficult for people to reach the station.

Fig. 110 Vendors at vegetable market

124

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

125

Case Studies

Informal Activity Mapping + Commercial Activity on Ground Floor Buildings

Case Studies

Fig. 113 Charateristic of the market

Emerging Specialized Streets – Single type of commercial activity

Fig. 111 Map showing vehicular congestion points

126

Fig. 112 Section showing exisitng condition at Station road Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 114 Formal and Informal activity mapping Socio-economic development of Public markets

127

Case Studies

Case Studies

4. 3.1

Observations

The quality of enclosed space is defined by the smell of the flowers, sound of people in the market and the colours of the flowers. Along the narrow 6m wide paved walkway, flower sellers line both sides. The dark surroundings which are lit by small yellow bulbs, provides a rich experience while moving in between the colours, sound of people bargaining, and the smell of the flowers. The edges are solid, so the layers of flowers become the focus as one moves along the narrow market.

• Along the narrow street there are specific patterns in which the florists set up their wares. In an area of approximately 2400 sq mts, 300 venders sell flowers every day.

Showing the lack of public spill over open space from the transit station. The space below the flyover is also encroached by informal vendors making it difficult for pedestrian to move and access the station.

• Each of the florists set up their wares as per their location: • The florists near the wall of the flyover stand and keep their wares in front of them, on the ground.

• The florists sitting near the foot over bridge keep their wares around them, on the ground.

Fig. 115 Analysis of activities and spaces given

128

along the station road Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

129

Case Studies

Case Studies

6.4

Chowkit Market

6. 4.1 Introduction Chow Kit market is one of the most prominent markets in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The combination of diverse human activities and local culture shown inside the market symbolizes the identity of the Chow Kit district. Variety of goods and products can be found in the Chow Kit market, including fresh fruits and vegetables, raw marine and animals, clothing, household items, food and beverage etc. A place with rich sources saves people’s time in finding their resources. This indirectly contributes the Chow Kit Market in becoming a human magnet that can attract big crowds of people regardless of their age, sex, religious or race.

Majority of the people living near to the Chow Kit Wet Market are having a range from low to medium income. As we know, running a business in a wet market is relatively cheaper compared to growing a business in a shop. Therefore, the wet market becomes a favoured location for the people living there to run their business. In this situation, Chow Kit wet market connects most of the vendors that come from the same neighbourhood together and indirectly forming a new neighbourhood in it. The vendors enjoy having chit chat or buying merchandise from each other during the free time. This helps provide the vendors a more friendly working environment to allow them to carry out social interactions. This will be another footstep in constructing a more vibrant and humane wet market to the vendors and also the consumers.

Fig. 116 Frontage of Chow kit market

The existence of the Chow Kit wet market attracts the human crowd to its surrounding.

It is a great opportunity for the people who live nearby to run their businesses. They set up their stalls surrounding the market to gain maximum exposure from the consumers.

It seems like an informal extension of the Chow Kit wet market that also covers various types of goods to be sold to the consumers. The stalls set up outside the market will continuously open until late night, which in Malaysia we called it night market (Pasar Malam). This causes some street activities to sprout due to the constant human flow surrounding the wet market. With the rich human activities carrying on in the context, it makes the place to be active. This promotes constant social activities to be carried out in the place the whole day, providing the local community with a flourishing and safe living area.

130

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Fig. 117 Chow Kit market works day to night everySocio-economic development of Public markets

131

Case Studies

Case Studies

6. 4.2

Issues regarding the market

A. Non-Strategic location affects visiblity and accessibility

Fig. 118 Diagram showing Urban conditions

Fig. 120 Current Urban issues of CHow Kit market

The market is surrounded by buildings such as hotels retail low-cost housing and some religious buildings that can accommodate plenty of people. As car parks are not provided for these facilities it causes the people to illegally park around the market. The market being only merrily visible from the busiest road in the the chow kit district, it acts as one of the reasons that reduce the sociability of this place. The market is low profile as people choose to ignore the place if they have no other purpose to enter the congested area.

Fig. 119 Diagram showing Spatial interaction

132

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

133

Case Studies

B.

Poor management on storage spaces.

Fig. 121 High percentage of storage buildings surrounding the market

Case Studies

C.

Low Visiblity

Lack of lighting is one of the main issues that causes people unwilling to stay in the market there is only a small portion of opening created on top of the roof that allows daylighting penetration and natural ventilation.

The height of the stalls are taller than average human eye level causing the global light that comes from the side of the market hardly to be brought into the internal space. The low light condition brings inconvenience and insecurity to the consumers because it critically influences the way they want to look for the goods without providing a proper shopping experience for the consumers it will be hard for the human activities to be sustained in the end. The shops and stores can no longer withstand due to the low customer rate and eventually the sociability of the market will slowly diminish.

The market has an unpleasant surrounding with non permeable frontage of the market which is less exposed thus resulted in reduced accessibility of the market. People prefered to shop in the supermarket or the small retailers that offer more decent shopping experience compared to Chow Kit market.

Fig. 122 Low light condition and over height stalls in the Chow Kit market

134

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

135

Case Studies

Case Studies

6. 4.3

Overviews on the social issues of Chow Kit Market

The sociability of the Chow wet market is being affected greatly with the presence of the current issues as stated. There are 3 main issues causing the diminishing of sociability of the wet maret

Architectural and Urban Issues The architectural and urban issues bring challenges for the market to be approachable by the visitors. It affects the surrounding connectivity and its accessibility This makes the surroundings of the market not friendly to be used and accessed. Aso, insufficient storage spaces result in the visibility in and out of the wet market to be affected. The surrounding building values are also declining due to the situation converting the existing shops and houses to be storage spaces.

Fig. 123 The morning open market stretches along the wide road .

Fail New Market Redevelopment Fall market redevelopment in the problems for the coment situation. Before the redevelopment started, the locals tended to explore the market to find their wonders Unfortunately the condition can no longer be sustained as the new development separated the programmes. This caused the spanish to no longer be easily approachable by the locals and newcomers.

Safety Issues

Fig. 124 The narrow pathway forces one to look at the goods on both sides

136

Socio-economic development of Public markets

A place with food safety has the ability to attract a group of people to carry out personal activities at the place in this case Chow Kit does not seem to have an enhancement in making the place safet for the consumer.The inconsiderate redeveloment and various intermal problems amplify these issues. Low sense of safety causes the visitors fear in staying at that place for a long time During the night time, the internal part of the markets is dark enough to give chances for the homeless to stay or a crime to happen. Thus, the surrourding business will be slowly regressed as less people will contact with the surrounding context following the time.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

137

Case Studies

7.1

Conclusion

Having established the importance of informal spaces in the system, this study examined the complex system of the informal markets which focused on emergent, self-organized system. The informal markets of Bhandup are composed of formal shops, informal vendors who are permanent, temporary or moving, the customers, commuters, the railway station and public and private vehicles. Their functioning is not governed by any authority, although they are subject to regulations imposed by the city authorities.

1. Conclusion

Chapter 7

2. Need for an Approach 3. Proposed Intervention 4. Design Considerations

SOLUTIONS

5. Project statement

The informal market’s success is based on the characteristics of emergence, selforganization and spontaneity. The emergence of the bazaar system is not solely a result of its components, but primarily due to the interaction of each component with the other.

These markets possess social structures within themselves which brings out the value of the space. The social interaction and the cultural and traditional value inherited from age’s gives vibrancy to the area.

6. Architectural proposal

7.2

Need for an approach

The solutions of preserving the informal markets and restricting parking of private vehicles in the market area derived from the case study and analysis of the existing system is a better solution than the ones proposed by the planners and local authorities.

It takes into consideration the spatial factors involved in the market system.

The social-economic and socio-cultural development will act as a solution to the prevailing concerns of the site. Taking into the failed efforts of Dreams mall, a renewed project giving prime importance to social and traditional factors of the market outside, the project will aim to do justice to the opportunities offered. The upcoming metro and the need for business opportunities will be the governing factors of the project.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

139

Concerns of the Site

7.3

Case Studies

Proposed Intervention

As the upcoming elevated metro station provides huge opportunities for creating better connections and increasing business opportunities at the same time, an elevated connection directly to the station would prove to be a fruitful solution to overcome the concern of overcrowding (ref fig. ). The skywalk connecting station and LBS marg may connect to the upper level of the structure and have direct access to the offering of the commercial center (ref fig. ).

The solutions proposed for the concerns put forward are-

Economic concern-

Fig. 125 Diagramatic view showing connection from skywalk

1. Increase more business opportunities 2. Increase the variation and types of offering, by providing adequate shops and spaces for vendors 3. To have a dedicated vegetable lane and proper infrastructure for the same and to have a compulsory access from the lane

Infrastructural concern1. Proper furniture for vendors, thus arrive at a suitable spatial configuration. One of the suggestion is the modular unit as demonstrated in the fig no.

2. More inviting frontages facing the street and have proper visual connection at all time of the day.

Sourcehttp://prasannadesaiarchitects.blogspot.com/2011/08/3-neighbourhood-upgradation-for-jm-road.html

Fig. 126 Diagramatic view showing connection from elevated metro station

3. Have more dedicated parking spaces and proper distinguished access to station and the structure.

Fig. 127 Diagramatic view showing connection from elevated metro station

140

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

141

Concerns of the Site

7.4

Concerns of thr Site

Design Considerations

Modular units for Vendors and stores.

A simple clean mobile cart silhoutte will be ideal for any live events merchandise category or retail space. Modular accessories can also be added to maximize the merchandising power of the mobile cart like shelf bins baskets hooks face outs and more.

Modular construction for quick popup solutions.

A comprehensive retail space with a permanent feel, the popup system is a series of walls columns bases and soffit so that it’s easy to link together to create limitless size and shape configuration to fit your unit space requirements this flexibility and is assembly significantly reduce the construction time you also have the ability to amplify your brand on both the interior and exterior of the structure with graphics and signages.

Fig. 128 Modular units for mobile cart

Sourcehttps://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/designretail/201905/index.php?startid=OP5#/p/OP10

Fig. 129 Modular system for shop units

142

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

143

Concerns of the Site

Concerns of thr Site

Soultion for Dysfucntional structure

Site selection

Redevelopement of Dreams Mall through Retrofitting and thus giving a new life to structure. The working fucntions inside the mall would be adapted and new addtions would be done for a sucessfull project .

82.8

267.8

AREA31315.53 SQ.M

146.9

Fig. 131 Key plan of Bhandup Station area 82.8

267.8

AREA31315.53 SQ.M

146.9

Fig. 132 Site selected Fig. 130 Graphical view of Retrofitting

144

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

145

Case Studies

Case Studies

7.5

Project Statement

CONTEXT

ORGANIZATION

Bhandup is a residential hub with growing population. To cater to the needs of the residents there is huge increasing demand for commercial needs. A commercial center would prove to be a successful intervention in the vicinity.

Through its interactive skin, infused air, and lively energy, this urban market will invite the public to enter and explore. The market’s fresh, local foods will be showcased through the architecture to provide awareness and to entice the senses.

One of the major goals of this project will be to create a bustling public market that will become the heart of Bhandup. This type of building will help revitalize downtown Bhandup by encouraging community interaction and showcasing the local cultures.

CULTURAL RELEVANCE

This urban market will focus on selling fresh, local foods to the public and in turn become a daily cultural attraction for both locals and visitors.

building of mini commercial units, a creation of all-inclusive hybrid commercial centers which will be consumer-centric and will be preferred by the users.

A public market will fulfill this need and bring nearby agriculture closer to the people every day. A successful market site should be centrally located and accessible to weekday workers, weekend shoppers, and everyday residents.

The market plays an immense role in the community as a daily cultural attraction. A public market will offer an array of goods and attract both locals and visitors to reinforce a lively culture.

SOCIAL RELEVANCE

ECONOMIC RELEVANCE

The project will include free things to do to welcome people from all income levels.

The New Hybrid experience will be a model that brings together the robust attributes of commerce, culture and leisure, and re-calibrates the traditional shopping experience. It will be an amenity rich, leveraged technology, connecting easily to transit and will offer more leisure and event activities. It will promotes local artisans and culture, reflects generational and community values and builds traditions. The design would aim for maximum happiness, the New Hybrid will be a magnetic and transformational place that transcends the predictable.

Hence the thesis seeks to add another dimension to the design of model commercial centers by researching the primary social needs such as recreation, which will make the new commercial center unique, fun-to-patronize, and address the needs of a particular community primarily. Though the design of the commercial center will be adaptable to most cities, researched commercial needs and ideologies peculiar to the resident population will be incorporated into the design to create a unique and new paradigm of the business center.

A public market will emphasize the social interaction that occurs around food and its growth, sale, and consumption. The introduction of sustainable food practices to the downtown Bhandup community will promote healthier ways of life and contribute to an improved urban fabric.

146

Socio-economic development of Public markets

The project would aim to stop the current trend of individualistic, the disorganized

Currently, Bhandup’s economic center is spread among various offices downtown and sprawling retail complexes in the suburbs. The building aims to bring economic vibrancy back to the area and once again celebrate the simple, edible transactions of daily life.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

147

Concerns of the Site

7.6

Concerns of thr Site

Architectural Proposal

HYBRID COMMERCIAL CENTER

Fig. 133 Diagram of Intended Proposal

• AIM

To get economic, cultural, and social and environmental aspects of sustainability together.

148

Socio-economic development of Public markets

•

Objective

A Civic community filtering various kinds of social activities through the site by creating spaces that will be meant only for specific purposes and combined opportunities and allow inter-mingling of all social activities.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

149

Concerns of the Site

Concerns of thr Site

Components of Proposal

Market programmes

Analytical inserts

The first set of architectural programs include the existing market operations with its ancillary functions. The market has been functioning at overload capacities since its inception in 1964. It is only imeperative to reorganise and modernize the same. The presence of the street market has its share of illegal hawkers’s encroachment so the program intends to incorporate them rather than banishing them.

Vendor’s and labourer’s plaza The vendors and labourers often tend to relax during the afternoon hours when the footfall is low and with no central congregation space available for them right now, They tend to use the redundant and unhygienic north edge to play cards and indulge in various other activities. A plaza exclusive for them will result in an overall healthy environment.

Shops and stalls As per the study of market functions and their existing areas, keeping in mind the FSI available (i.e. 3), the proposed areas of each stall of the market is three times its current area, with a 20% increase in the number of vegetable, cutlery and non-veg shops.

Operational support Programs The programs required to support and enhance the market activities, which were non existent, have also been included such as 8 bays Loading/Unloading dock, cleaning and sorting areas, waste collection and treatment areas, adequate toilets and labourers’ room.

BMC maintenance office Two BMC offices are provided one for the collector and supervisor of the market and one for the maintenance workers. The collector’s office will have an attached toilet.

Canteens and Market’s Trust office The two additional canteens in the market have been provided with adequate spaces with dining areas, there is also a provision for office for the market’s governing trust.

Parking The parking requirements as per Dcr, 1 car park per 40sqm. upto 800sqm. of floor area and 1 car park per 80sqm. beyond 800sqm is provided.

150

Components of Proposal

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Visitors’ plaza and thoroughfares The site receives a massive amount of footfall in and around it, insertion of pause points in terms of plazas while enhancing the connectivity and accessibility through thoroughfares will lead to maximum optimisation of the commercial activities. The plaza can also hold events and weekly fairs which will bring more dynamic to the site and offer more to the user experience.

Outlets of recognised Cafes or restaurants The study of identity of the cultural landscape informs that with the growth in consumerism recognised cafes and restaurants attracts and holds the visitor in the complex. The cafe along with the plaza will act as a popular meeting spot.

As mentioned earlier the built form aims to be a public forum, where there will be a wide range of homogenous shops from food to clothing, something for everyone.

The design also celebrates various other public programs such as communal plazas, flea markets, roof gardens. Lastly in order to complete the cycle of retail the design also provides a space for a distribution office. So that the exchange generated at the site can have a wider out reach.

Socio-economic development of Public markets

151

Concerns of the Site

Concerns of thr Site

Components of Proposal

Hybrid features

Components of Proposal

Programme Proposal

The theme comes from the concept of mixed-use buildings that acts as an urban activity catalyzer. It will contains a series of uses inside one single architecture composition, where in the activities will be for private or public use. This kind of hybrid architecture will bring the idea of creating a strategic point in between the urban grid, as a referential knot. It will help to see benefit to its own surrounding, for pedestrian or vehicular, which will in a way enhancing the area of influence.

OVERVIEW 3

COMMERCIAL

Convenience shopping Service market Organised informal bazaar

01

PUBLIC

● ● ●

02

PRIVATE

● ●

Offices Studios

PRIVATE-PUBLIC

● ● ● ●

Commercial halls Institutional-classes Clinics Eatries

PUBLIC-PRIVATE

● ● ●

Banquet halls Libraries Social clubs

PUBLIC

● ● ●

Courtyards Amphitheatre Cultural plaza

Horizontal Zoning

AIM

The building’s main objective will be to keep its surrounding alive, active and constantly get economic, cultural, andarea social being used by people. The solution isTo to create a new road that cuts the site in twoand environmental aspects of sustainability parts. As the site got divided in two parts, the commerce will be managed to stay on the together. north and west side, and the cultural and social to the south and east side facing the roads, thus separating a more active zone to another.

Objective

A Civic community filtering various kinds of social activities through the site by creating spaces that will be meantbetween only for specific purposes and combined Proceeding to the upper levels, the composition offices, banquets, classes and small commercial areas will create volumes that projects andallow retracts from the façade, of all social opportunities and inter-mingling and would thus generate an architecture form. The variation of uses on different floors, activities.

Vertical Zoning

still separating the public and private circulation areas will create movement and more interesting layout compositions, increasing the architecture contents. These upper levels will have an open area that allows more natural illumination and creates a direct contact to the internal green square. The upper levels would thus be also connected to the elevated metro station and the skywalk, creating a hybrid transportation system within itself.

152

Socio-economic development of Public markets

03

CULTURAL

01 02

Socio-economic development of Public markets

153

Concerns of thr Site

Area Programme

Socio-economic development of Public markets

155

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Survey- Interview answers of Dreams Mall

• Advantages: Location and access is good. Galas and its areas are enough for my business need.

• Disadvantages: The premises is not maintained and there are a lot of other problems too.

• It does not quite affect my office working conditions but this place does not produce a business environment and the maintenance of this place is least bothered.

APPENDIX

• Location is good but there is less footfall, galas are not getting sold nor are they getting rented due to inappropriate services and facilities.

• It is good as an office but not as an institutional place as it requires a large space. We had to do a lot of reconstruction to change the space as per requirement as well as students and staff have problems of toilet access and crowd over here.

• Enough space can cater to large number of visitors for a banquet purpose and the business swings high in festivals, wedding seasons, and parties as well as during office conference which are conducted here.

• Floors are still not functional but rest is working well as an office area site is good but parking is still a big issue here.

• No advantages and business is suffering huge loss but there is no escape too.

• People from dreams residential complex are only the main customers. Electricity, HVAC is a large problem here. There isn’t good parking space and security is also not at all maintained.

• Good place for private offices since there is less footfall and visitors, but it is not well maintained. Maintenance is too high here even parking is headache.

• We find our workspace less here and the premises is too not good for bank officers too.

• Lots of problems for business enterprises to perform better, therefore offices here are doing well then shopping due to less footfall and no good brands.

• No proper business environment, less footfall, no good facilities by the mall authorities.

• No proper facilities for staff even place is not kept maintained, mostly couples and rowdies wander which gives wrong image of the place.

• Parking, Maintenance, Electricity, toilets etc. are in problems and not working properly.

• The only advantage is we own this shop and now it is our property. Parking services, Electricity etc. there are lot of problems Socio-economic development of Public markets

157

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Questionaire for Shop Owners

Questionaire for Vendors

1. Since when have you started the business ? -50 years

1. Do you come /setup daily? -Yes

2. What was there before the stops were built? - Industries

2. Since when are you sitting here? -50-60 years

3. Space/Area belongs to whom? - Galas by government and shops by private owners

3. Do you sell same product everyday ? –Yes, additions as per seasonal produce

4. Is the area provided by government ? -Yes

5. Sits throughout the day ? Or certain time of the day? –Yes, throughout

5. Legal/ illegal? -Legal 6. What time do they open ? -10a.m 7. What time do they close? -10p.m 8. Throughout the year same product? -Yes, seasonal additions 9. What days is it shut? -Thursday 10. Throughout the year what days is it shut? -Only during riots or national shut down 11. Do they have to pay any fees to BMC? - Yes 12. When is the most rush ? –after 5p.m 13. From where does most of the customers come? –Train travelers and nearby residential 14. Does office people shop while going home? -Yes 15. During peak hours does people shop? -Yes

4. Do you change your product daily/ weekly /seasonally? -No 6. What time do you come and go ? -7a.m to 11p.m 7. Where do you to procure your product (vegetables) from ? -Vashi 8. Daily travel by train or road way? -No 9. Location - same places or changes ? –Same specific location everyday 10. Gives any fees to BMC regularly? -No 11. Was any space allotted to you in dreams mall ? -No 12. During peak hours does people prefer buying? -Yes 13. When is the most rush? –After 4p.m 14. Does accident happened due to vehicles? -No 15. What problems do you face daily , in terms of business /personally BMC? –During BMC inspection they have to vacant the place immediately

16. Only people from Bhandup station visits or nearby areas as well? –Nearby as well 17. Due to high pedestrian vehicular movement is the business affected? -No 18. Were spaces allotted for you in dreams mall ? -No 19. Have you been benefited because of the mall? -No 20. If not mall what should be there ? –Not answered 21. Does BMC clean the area? -Yes 22. At what time one/twice a day? -Twice a day 23. When trains are not working is the business affected ? How much? –Yes by around 70% it is affected 24. Same person works on shops or does work in shift? –Shifts, family members 25. Where is the goods coming from? –Different wholesale markets around Mumbai 26. From trains or roadways? -Roadways 27. How do they unload? –On road in front of the shop 28. Is the area sufficient enough? –Yes, satisfied 29. Where do you park your vehicles ? –No vehicle because of congestion 30. How are you affected during floods? What daily problems do you face? –Area is never flooded. Not much daily problem mentioned.

158

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

159

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Dysfunctional Structure- Dreams Mall

Bibliography 1. From the text of Jain and Buddhist origin, Udana 68–69, “Parable of the Blind Men and the Elephant” 2. pps.org 3. (Mandhan, 2010) 4. Role of Urban Markets for Local Development and Urban Regeneration 5. (Panozzo, 2013) 6. https://www.ud-id.com/temporality-1/2018/7/14/760cuc63r1hudqa03xhz6i4i4aw847-a8h5j 7. EXTENSION OF MUMBAI METRO LINE-4 FROM KASARVADAVALI TO GAIMUKH 8. MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (MMRDA) 9. https://miesarch.com/work/3909 10. https://archello.com/project/baltic-station-market 11. http://prasannadesaiarchitects.blogspot.com/2011/08/3-neighbourhood-upgradation-for-jmroad.html 12. https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/designretail/201905/index.php?startid=OP5#/p/OP10 13. https://marroninstitute.nyu.edu/uploads/content/The_Formation_of_Urban_Spatial_Structures. pdf 14. http://www.fao.org/3/V8390E/V8390E07.htm 15. https://issuu.com/schwin/docs/14_04_26_adaptivestreets_final 16. https://studio.mapbox.com/styles/shrutibhagwat/ckg0q6wnk2aof1alpj3fq6u7v/ edit/#17.94/19.144376/72.936625 17. https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/103057?mode=full 18. https://www.academia.edu/6652953/MARKET_ARE_SOCIAL_SPACE 19. https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/designretail/201905/index.php?startid=OP5#/p/OP10

160

Socio-economic development of Public markets

Socio-economic development of Public markets

161