Prakruti Resort Signage Documentation

Signage for Prakruti Resort This documentation is written, edited, illustrated, designed and photographed by Students of MRID - MSU, Baroda.

Anjali Darbha Bachelor of design, Communication Design 5th Semester Kriti Jain Bachelor of design, Communication Design 5th Semester Rohini Vasudevan Bachelor of design, Communication Design 5th Semester Shreya Yadav Bachelor of design, Communication Design 5th Semester Publication Year | July 2018 Guided by: Mr. Ajay Kumar

Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Institute of Design (MRID) Sayaji Bhavan, Behind University Head Office, Pratapgunj, Vadodara (Gujarat) All rights reserved under international copyright convention. No part of this documentation maybe reproduced or translated in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photography, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the copyright owner.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to Mr. Ajay Kumar for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for his support in completing the project.

We would like to express our gratitude towards the staff of Prakruti Resort, Chhani, for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped us in the completion of this project.

We would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to the Faculty of Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Institute of Design for providing us with an opportunity like this.

Our thanks and appreciations also go to our batchmates in developing the project and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.

ABOUT M.S. UNIVERSITY

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSU), formerly Baroda College is a public university in the city of Vadodara, in Gujarat state, India. Originally established as a college in 1881, it became a university in 1949 after the independence of the country. It was later renamed after its benefactor Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the former ruler of Baroda State belonging the royal Gaekwad dynasty of the Marathas.

The University offers around 78 postgraduate courses, 76 Ph.D. programs, 34 post graduate Diploma courses and 88 undergraduate courses with an option of 347 programs in 92 subjects, the undergraduate, postgraduate, integrated and doctoral programs are offered in a wide range of subjects and specializations like Arts, Commerce, Education & Psychology, Family & Community Sciences, Fine Arts, Journalism & Communication, Law, Management Studies, Medicine, Performing Arts, Science, Social Work, Technology & Engineering, Pharmaceutical Studies.

ABOUT FACULTY OF FINE ARTS Faculty of Fine Arts was founded in June 1950. For the first time in independent India, a programme of study was introduced to offer UG/Diploma, PG/Post-Diploma Courses and Research facilities. Art was envisaged as an integral part of life for the new citizens. The emphasis was laid on individuality through knowledge of Indian and Western traditions. The Faculty is situated opposite Sayaji Baug and Baroda Museum in the leafy green surroundings adjacent to Sayajigunj. The pleasant environment and atmosphere of openness and freedom is backed by spacious and well-equiped studios. The training programme is oriented to one's individual ability and expression through one to one teaching, group tutorials and seminars, visual aids, books, exhibitions, visiting artists, craftsmen and activities like study tours and field trips to provide necessary exposure. The Fine Arts Fair, a biannual activity, encourages and involves students and teachers to experiment and work with materials to produce toys, utilitarian objects, illustrated books, masks and puppet shows to raise funds for students welfare. The fair brings together the city public and the faculty through creative diversity.

ABOUT MRID The Faculty of Fine Arts, one of the premier art schools of India, is dedicated to the education of professional artists and scholars of theory of art more than half a century. It has been recognised on global level as the foremost institute in India in the field of Visual Arts. As part of the dissemination and expansion of the art and design curriculum, Faculty of Fine Arts has established in 2013, a National level Design Institute under its auspices.

The Design Institute is named after the alumni of the Faculty and the erstwhile Maharaja of Baroda, Shrimant Ranjit Sinh Gaekwad, hence the name, Maharaja Ranjit Sinh instate of Design (MRID). MRID offers design courses at the Graduate and Post Graduate levels specialising in Craft and Design, Communication Design, Accessory Design, Ceramic & Glass, and Moving Images. The Degrees offered are with the Bachelor of Design (B.Des) and Master of Design (M.Des). MRID is intending to create an advantageous academic environment of creative minds working in pure visual arts along with Craft and Modern Design. The Maharaja Sayajirao University envisages a very fruitful interaction of these creative minds which will be a unique experiment in the design as well as visual art pedagogy in India.

ABOUT COMMUNICATION DESIGN

Every living organism has a desire to communicate.

Man has been communicating since the Prehistoric Age to this date through Visuals. With the progress in Technology, it has become a mammoth task for man to communicate properly to others. The Communication Design Programme has been conceived to fulfil this task. It is expected to Design messages in form of Visual Language from print form to ever changing Modern Technology. The students are introduced to areas of Branding, Publication, Information Design and other areas.

ABOUT CHANCELLOR Rajmata of Baroda Her Highness Shubhanginiraje Gaekwad was born on 24th February 1945 and married to Shrimant Maharaja Ranjitsingh Gaekwad of Baroda, mother of two daughters and a son. She was graduated with Honours in History, English Literature and Economics, from Lucknow University in 1964. She is a senator of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda since 2012. She has been engaged with social service organizations, specially connected with women welfare and their social and economical empowerment.

She was the President of Mahila Sahakari Bank (19861998) and Co-Chairperson of Family Planning & Social Welfare Committee, Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry (1999-2001). She is Trustee of Sir Sayajirao Diamond Jubilee & Memorial Trust, President and Trustee of Maharani Shantadevi Hospital (winner of National Award for ‘Child-Friendly Hospital’), Maharani Chimnabai Stree Udyogalaya, President, Maharaja Fatesingh Museum Trust, Bal Bhavan Society Trust, Swar Vilas (an oldest organization in Gujarat for promotion of Hindustani Classical Music) among other appointments.

Rajmata turned her attention to environmental problems in and around Baroda and actively interested in sustainable development of which environment protection and improvement is an integral necessity. She is the President and Chairperson of Greenery Promotion Committee of Society for Clean Environment (SOCLEEN), Member, World Wide Fund for Nature-India. She has the privilege of working with teachers and students, which strongly advocates universal and free primary education

special emphasis to girl child. She advocates closer and meaningful ties between industry and education, especially in the area of Technology and Research & Development. Her Hobbies includes Music, Reading books, History, Literature and interest in Current Affairs apart from designing and reviving the traditional Chanderi Sarees and material. She has visited many overseas countries, including USA, Canada, UK, Other European Countries, Middle East Countries and Far East Countries.

ABOUT VICE CHANCELLOR Professor Parimal H. Vyas is a Vice-Chancellor of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda [MSU] Gujarat w.e.f.11th February, 2016. Earlier, Professor Vyas served as Acting Vice-Chancellor, and the Pro ViceChancellor, MSU (w. e. f. 29th December, 2014 till 11th February, 2016). He is the First Dual Professor appointed as Professor of Management Studies [2014], Faculty of Management Studies, and also Professor of Commerce and Business Management, Faculty of Commerce at MSU, Baroda. He has also served as Dean, Faculty of Commerce and Head of the Department, Department of Commerce & Business Management, Faculty of Commerce, MSU, Baroda. He has also been Syndicate & Senate Member of the MSU Baroda. Presently, Professor Vyas is also Chairman of Syndicate & Senate of MSU of Baroda. Professor Vyas is an Alumnus of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA). Professor Vyas has obtained Ph.D. in Commerce from Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar & Master’s Degree in Management from MSU, Baroda. Professor Vyas has a total teaching and research experience of more than 30 years.

ABOUT DEAN AND DIRECTOR

Shri N.G. Bagodi is the Dean and the Director of the Faculty of Fine Arts, MS University. He completed his Diploma in Painting from Faculty of Fine Arts, The M.S.University (M.S.U.), Baroda. He also completed his and Post Diploma in Printmaking (Graphic Arts), Faculty of Fine Arts, The M.S.University (M.S.U.), Baroda. He has 24 years of experience in the field of Graphic Arts.

ABOUT ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR Dr. Jayaram Poduval is the Associate Director of the Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Institute of Design and an Assistant Professor for the courses which include Indian Architecture, Renaissance Art, Islamic art and Contemporary Western art in the Faculty of Fine Arts, MS University. He graduated from Payyanur College, Payyanur, Kerala. He has completed his Masters in Art History, Criticism and Conservation from Faculty of Fine Arts, MS University, in the year 1988. He completed his Doctoral thesis on Caste segregation in Kerala Temples in the year 2012 from MS University. He is associated with the MS University of Baroda since December 1988.

His areas of interest include Indian Architecture, Theory of Design, History of Design. He was honoured with the Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanity, University of Edinburgh in April 1996. He has done his research on South Asian art & Architecture and written on Chalukya, Vijayanagar, Ellora, Kerala, and Christian Art of Kerala and Gujarat Architecture.

ABOUT THE GUIDE

Mr. Ajay Kumar is the mentor for our module on Signage.

He was born on 17th July 1988 in Bokaro, Jharkhand.

He completed his graduation in Bachelor of Fine Arts (four years) in Applied Arts, (Specialization of Advertising Design, Graphic Design & Photography Design) from Faculty of Visual Arts, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P, India in 2008-2012. He completed his Masters in Applied Arts (one year), (Specialization of Research of Branding, Advertising Design & Graphic Design) from College of Art, Delhi University, New Delhi, India in 201213. He also completed his Masters in Toy & Game Design, (Specialization of Design research, Design Development, System Design, Design Process, Design Management and Design Documentation) from National Institute of Design, Gujarat, India in 2013-2016. He has been awarded by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India for Creative Photography in the field of Visual Art. He was also given Scholarship by National Institute of Design.

ABOUT THE DESIGNERS ANJALI DARBHA Anjali Darbha was born on 22nd July, 1998 in Hyderabad, Telangana. She completed her schooling from GG International School, Pune, Maharashtra in the year 2016. She is currently pursuing her Bachelors in Communication Design from the Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Institute of Design, M.S.University, Vadodara, Gujarat.

KRITI JAIN Kriti Jain was born on 9th February, 1998 in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. She completed her schooling from St. Joseph’s Convent S. S. School, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, in the year 2016. She is currently pursuing her Bachelors in Communication Design from the Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Institute of Design, M.S.University, Vadodara, Gujarat.

ROHINI VASUDEVAN Rohini Vasudevan Menon was born on 24th March, 1997 in Doha, Qatar. She completed her schooling from Greeth’s Academy, Kochi, Kerala in the year 2015. She is currently pursuing her Bachelors in Communication Design from the Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Institute of Design, M.S.University, Vadodara, Gujarat.

SHREYA YADAV Shreya Yadav was born on 17th April, 1998 in Mysore, Karnataka. She completed her schooling from Carmel Convent, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh in the year 2016. She is currently pursuing her Bachelors in Communication Design from the Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Institute of Design, M.S.University, Vadodara, Gujarat.

PREFACE As part of our 5th Semester module- Spatial Design, or commonly known as Signage Design, and in order to gain practical knowledge in the field of design, we were required to design the signage for any of our preferred choice of place. The Basic Objective behind doing this projcct report is to get practical knowledge about how signage works, the role signs play in our everydy lives, at different areas and places, and the material and maintenance that these signs need.

In this project report we have included the types of research that we covered during the 4 weeks given to us- Secondary research included all the research we did about the pre-existing signs, like the type of signs present and how they are used, colour and form hierarchy of signs, their importance, and how different signs are used in various plces. This documentation also involves our step by step design process and the various concepts, effects and implications regarding the type of signs we finally decided to use. This was also the first project that we did for a public place, using the consumers' opinions and understanding too. It involved talking to various people, recording their opinions analyisng the place and environment, surveying the public, and making prototypes too.

Doing this Project helped us to enhance our knowledge regarding the work in to the attitude of consumers, specifically the resort -going people/ tourists. We also learned how every tiny detail or colour in a design project can affect people and the environment that

its used in. Lastly, through this report we come to know about the importance of team work and the role of devotion that each individual puts in to create good design and a productive output.

CONTENTS

0

ABOUT SIGNAGE

0.1 History Of Signage 0.2 Imporantce Of Signage 0.3 Role Of Signage 0.4 Types Of Signages 0.5 Factors That Should Be Kept In Mind 0.6 Colour Theory And Form Study 0.7 Colours And Form Psychology In Signage 0.8 Common Fonts Used In Signs

HISTORY OF SIGNAGE

Fig 0.1.1

Signage since, early civilization have been tools through which human beings could communicate through their artistic talents though “ the technical definition is the design through graphical representation or use of signs and symbols to communicate a message to a specific group, usually for the purpose of marketing or a kind of propaganda� seems to contradict that. Since way back in 40,000 B.C., humans adorned cave walls with dirt, charcoal, and animal fat. The purposes of these works of art remain largely unclear, although there are varied theories. Some historians believe they served shamans for supernatural, ceremonial rituals; thus making the artwork early religious iconography. Others believe they depict hunting patterns, warnings and lessons for future generations, or that they are just merely social.

From cave paintings to holograms, human beings have always wanted to get the attention of others. In the 14th centuary a development in the history of signage that is quite significant took place during the reign of King Richard II.

He passed a law in1389 which stated that every establishment in England that sold ale must have a sign located outside the front of the building.

In the beginning these signs were mediocre but later they became elaborate and used. They used different materials as well as creatively making the signs which

As far as records are concerned, the history of signage dates back to when man first figured out a way to express himself through art and this applies from the symbolic cave paintings of early human human existence to the bright and modern digital city signages they always been sed to communicate feelings, capture moments or advertise goods and services. The first introducation to what modern day signages are was seen in the greek and Roman period. These signs used imagery more than text and were usually made in terracotta or stone. The main reason of them being image oriented was that most of the people were illiterate. Every sign depicted specific symbols to identify businesses like taverns and workshops that used raw materials like wood, leather, stone or metals.

During the 16th and 17th centuries when it was the peeak of industralization people started making signages of handcarved wood, good leaf and wrought iron.At one point, the size and placement of signs became a problem due to explosive growth in cities, so laws were made about how big signs could be and where they could be placed. With work dissipating in the towns, more and more people began to move to cities work work in 1800s due to the industrial revelution.

Many of them were placed in the middle of walkways and became a souce of danger. This lead to ordinances that stated how large signs were allowed to be and eventually London began ixing many signs against buildings in order to keep them out of the way This was also the time when sign boards in London and Paris forced laws to have signages removed or that had to be flat on walls. It wasn’t until the 18th century that new technologies like gas lighting, the industrial printing press and electricity began to shape modern signage.

It was then that artisans also started incorporating creativity into signages. World War II brought in mass production. The use of plastics made it easy and affordable to print larger quantities of signs. The creation of changeable signs gave the opportunity to mix and change messages using a single sign and thus making it

Fig 0.1.2

The Digital Signage Revolution There was an increase in the use of digital signage after the invention of personal computers and light.

They allowed graphic designers to create professional designs quickly using software, so companies that create professional designs quickly using software, so companies that wanted signs no longer had to rely on skillful artists who drew by hand and they allowed programmers to control the display of lights to form digital signs. Early digital signs were usually scrolling marquees displayed at places like movie theaters. They displayed letters, numbers, and very simple graphics.

Computers improved the resolution of signages.

A modern digital sign is essentially a computer monitor that displaysto a high definition video The creation of neon, incandescent, and LEDs made signs flashier and more attension grabbing. Vanguard inventors have now taken to developing interactive and 3D holographic signs.

IMPORTANCE OF SIGNAGE Signage is generally defined as any kind of graphic display intended to convey information to an audience. It is the design or use of signs and symbols to communicate a message to a specific group, usually for the purpose of marketing or a kind of advocacy.

The term, 'sign' comes from the old French signe (noun), signer (verb), meaning a gesture or a motion of the hand. This, in turn, stems from Latin 'signum' indicating an"identifying mark, token, indication, symbol; proof; military standard, ensign; a signal, an omen; sign in the heavens, constellation." In the English, the term is also associated with a flag or ensign. In France, a banner not infrequently took the place of signs or sign boards in the Middle Ages. Signs, however, are best known in the form of painted or carved advertisements for shops, inns, cinemas, etc. They are one of various emblematic methods for publicly calling attention to the place to which they refer.

The term, 'signage' appears to have come into use in the 20th century as a collective noun used to describe a class of signs, especially advertising and promotional signs which came to prominence in the first decades of the twentieth century. The main purpose of signs is to communicate, to convey information designed to assist the receiver with decision-making based on the information provided. This is typically manifested in the form of wayfinding information in

iplaces such as streets or on the inside and outside buildings. Signs vary in form and size based on location and intent, from more expansive banners, billboards, and murals, to smaller street signs, street name signs, sandwich boards and lawn signs.

Alternatively, promotional signage may be designed to persuade receivers of the merits of a given product or service. Custom-made signage is usually designed for a business, to convey the name and location of the business, or to promote a specific service or product that the business offers. Often custom-made signage meant to promote a business will include the name of the business, but the most effective forms of signage tend to have a central element aside from the name that becomes iconic. The signage used for the McDonalds™ company is an excellent example of this. Another ever-present form of signage is streetsignage, meant to give information to pedestrians or drivers. Actual street signs, for example, such as those seen in many cities throughout the United States with white lettering on a green background, give the names of streets and crossstreets to help people navigate their way around a city or town.

Although these signs have changed over the years, since their primary goal is to communicate location to busy, often fastmoving people, they tend to focus on legibility above all else. Hazard and instructional signs are another form of street-signage which can be seen in most countries throughout the world. Since these signs need to be easily recognized from a distance, and also need to be comprehensible to anyone who may be driving, including those who do not speak the native language, they nearly always feature some sort of design theme or infographic, either accompani ed by text or alone. For example, a street sign indicating deer may be crossing the road sporadically, meant to warn drivers to slow down, may simply show a picture of a deer, in the United States generally in a simple black silhouette on a yellow

easily recognized from a distance, and in poor visibility conditions, is a unique red color and a unique octagonal shape. With the advent of the internet, the concept of signage has made its way into the digital world. Newer signs may also use digital or electronic displays. A signage also means signs collectively or being considered as a group. The term signage is documented to have been popularized in 1975 to1980.

Signage is a general term for any sort of graphic display intended to convey information to an audience. There are many different types of signage, and it has existed for thousands of years.

Most modern signage relies on words, often in tandem with images, but a great deal of historical signage used only images, and much modern signage geared towards an international audience also omits text entirely. Signs are so common in our society that their importance can be taken for granted. As a business owner, you naturally spend a great deal of time where your business is located. Signage tend to blend into the background. As a result, you might forget that it's there. Yes, signs are there as a distinct entity, providing products and/or services to a buying public. However, it also resides within a community, alongside other businesses, other architecture, pedestrians, homes, and the land itself. The best signage is designed well enough to attract business, while at the same time respectful of the environment where it is meant to work.

Fig 0. 2.2

ROLE OF SIGNAGE Making a Brand Out of a Company When it comes to building a company’s brand, the right medium of advertisement and marketing should be chosen. You should have perfect plans and methods ready to be implemented. One common way of promotion that has been used since the 1920s is signage. Acquiring effective signs can help you boost the reputation of your business. For many companies, signage is a mere afterthought; least important and the one that gets the lowest budget on the sheet. This is one big mistake that causes loss of business. As a famous quote goes, "A business without a sign is a sign of no business" and so, signage should never be an afterthought. You should see it as an investment that will get you a good return in the long run.

A well-designed and smartly placed sign will attract customers and generate good profits over the course of time. Your business sign has immense power and can work like an effective marketing device. It is the first impression that you make on your customers. It tells them who you are, what you offer, and where you are located. Also, it works 24x7 without fail. Members of International Sign Association say, ‘Your ‘Your sign is your voice on the street’. That’s true. The signage that you place within 5 miles of your location will bring you 85% of your customers. It has a magnetic effect on the customers. They are drawn to visit you, knock on your

the important role that signage plays for your company.

At a Glance: A high-quality signage can bring the following benefits to your business: · Works as a cost-effective marketing tool · Converts your business into a brand · Lays an amazing first impression Landmarks your business · Informs the customers about the products and services · Furnishes important information Overall, signage works like a salesperson-in-disguise for your business. This is why you should dedicate a strategic and smart thought process while designing and placing them. Make sure you hire professionals for this, so that there is no chance of missing out on any prospective customer.

Fostering Traffic Safety All small businesses are subject to the sign codes written and implemented where they are located. There is no one, uniform set of ordinances that are followed throughout India, but there are philosophies common to many town and city planners that help determine the sign code in their area. One of these is the belief that commercial signs are capable of compromising traffic safety, primarily in two ways: 1) they distract drivers, and 2) they mask the visibility of highway signs. For decades, sign codes have been designed with this belief in mind, supposedly for the public's own good. A difficulty with this philosophy, however, is that there is no proof that it's true. Studies exist, however, that support the idea that on-premise signs by their very existence do not cause traffic accidents. Rather, danger comes from a sign that is restricted in communicating its message. Commercial signs in a community may be in accordance with their local sign code, but in reality be too small, or badly placed, or poorly lit for passing,drivers to adequately respond. Instead, attempts to read the signs may result in risky driving practices. In other words, sometimes it is the sign code that is dangerous, and not the sign itself.

Research have suggested that commercial signs do not adversely affect safety, but also that high-rise signs Located at high traffic intersections could actually en hance traffic safety, provided that they are: • noticeable or conspicuous from the background environment; • legible (where the viewer can easily read the text or graphics); and • recognizable (that is, the viewer can readily understand the sign's message).

In other words, traffic safety can be better promoted by notifying motorists where they are in relation to where th ey want to go, and assisting their entry to a business' premises, should they decide to stop. A sign cannot successfully do this unless it can be de tected and read by a motorist in enough time to appropriately react while driving in traffic.

Enhancing Community Aesthetics Not all signage necessarily serves an overt purpose!

Sometimes a sign may be used simply to enhance the overall appearance of a space or its surroundings.

Fig 0.3.2

Signs are meant to attract attention! A business district handcuffed by a restrictive sign code is often bland, uninviting, and economically underachieving. Fewer sales, over time, can result in a decreased property tax base. A decrease in tax revenues would surely impact a municipal budget. Smaller budgets frequently result in diminished services to the public. Given this, it's ironic that towns that wish to enhance the look of their community by strictly and unfairly regulating commercial signs might ultimately help in making the town less livable

Gennerally signs have the following functions: Informative: Signs convey information for services and Fig 0.3.3

facilities in public areas like zoo’s, parks, hospitals, resorts, movie heatres, bus stops, airports, railway stations and so on. It can be said that the first and foremost role on signs are to create awareness about a place and convet the information of their facilities and services.

Directional or navigation: Signs that help navigate

to or in a particular place are directional signs. They elp in time saving as well s helping people to find the the services and facilities of an area without the requirement f asking people. Persuation: Signs that help in the marketing and advertising of a company are peruasive signages.They help in the their promotion and thus indirectly ersuading people to buy their product.

Identification: Signs that indicate a certain place like rooms , parking, restaurants etc Braille signs are also available nowadaysfor identification signs.

Fig 0.3.4

Safety and reulatory: Signs that provide safety and

regulatory information.They convey warning and safety information.

Persuasion: promotional signage designed to persuade users and and can attract business to a company. To entice customers from the outside. window displays can be successful at creating curiosity and encouraging customers to venture inside.

Advertising and marketing: Signs are often

used for advertising and marketing by companies or organisations. While advertising hoardings may initially present themselves as the obvious solution for companies, there are other signs that can be used for this purpose. Other outdoor signage solutions and building wraps are an alternative and successful way to advertise a brand.

Appearance: Finally, not all signage necessarily serves

an overt purpose! Sometimes a sign may be used simply to enhance the overall appearance of a space or its surroundings.

Fig 0.3.4

SIGNAGE CONVENTIONS Pictograms: They are images , visuals or graphics that

convey are particular information. in some places the ratio, size, colour and other details of the pictgrams are predescided and there are laws for it. For eg. in UK the pictogram must be 80% of the height is printed to.

Shape: The shape of a sign can also have a particular

meaning.The shape of signs can also be a deisgn feature. But one must always be carefull while selecting a shape as shapes also have meanings. Some shapes have a predefined meaning in signage. Like circles usually show mandatory signs or prohibition signs Triangular shapes show caution or warning signs. rectagular signs often depict general information.

Fig 0.3.5

TYPES OF SIGNAGE Following are the different types of signage 1. Informative 2. Outdoor 3. Persuasive 4. Modern signages- digital, neon and ada

1. Informative

Fig 0.4.1

An informative sign informs people of the purpose or gives them instruction on the use of something. for exampleexample a traffic sign such as a stop sign. Information signs have been growing in visibility due to the explosion of sign technologies. Words and images were then hand-painted on the sign. The other traditional way of creating signs dealt with individual constructed letters carved from wood, molded or wrought from metal, which were then individually placed in the appropriate sequence. signage iѕ self-explanatory аnd tells customers whеrе tо go. All types оf informational signage nееd tо bе concise аnd easy tо rеаd ѕо thаt clients саn understand thе message with juѕt a splitsecond glance. Large, bold fonts in highly-visible color schemes bеѕt accomplish thiѕ goal.

2. Persuasive Fig 0.4.2

Persuasive signage influences consumer behavior

Thеѕе signs саn advertise a раrtiсulаr product оr promotion. Persuasive signs оr displays саninfluence customer flow аnd improve interactivity with оthеrwiѕе unnoticed products. Signs thаt showcase a раrtiсulаr type оf product offer аn opportunity fоr retailers tо communicate specific details оf new, seasonal, оr featured items. It iѕ important tо remember, however, thаt whilе persuasive sales signs ѕhоuld bе eye-catching аnd witty, thеу аrе nоt thе mаin attraction. Thе mоѕt effective signs draw thе customers tо thе product.

3. Outdoor Signs

Fig 0.4.2

Outdoor signage iѕ arguably thе mоѕt important kind in physical retail bесаuѕе it’s whаt gеtѕ customers in thе door, thе largest hurdle tо begin a relationship with a customer. Exterior signage iѕ thе firѕt impression customers hаvе оf уоur business a. A-Frame Signs A-frames are a classic and inexpensive alternative to effective advertising. They are easily noticeable on streets and can help direct your potential customers.

They are also very customizable, which can help you establish your own unique business. But there are a few drawbacksas they are not meant for long distanceand are not large enough. A-frame signs are also not always tall enough to attract customers well.

Fig 0.4.2

b. Back-Lit Signs Thesse signs stand out at night with a back-lit signs.

While a little more costly, it is worth it. Back-lit signs can advertise day and night, giving your potential customers something to look at.Location is everything for these types of signs. If you don’t have a good location, your back-lit sign will go to waste due to being drowned out by other signs, not being seen by anyone or having the wrong colours.

Fig 0.4.4

c. Banners Banners can be used in indoor and outdoor events, for advertising or otherwise. They literally have a wide reach and can be customized with fonts and graphics to aid their purpose.Their bulk can be a pain to pin up and take down. Planning a banner can also be a challenge if you are designing one on your own. They’re also not a long term product, banner may not be a good solution for a long term use. d. Channel Letters Channel letters are 3 dimensional, modern, individual and stand out from the crowd. They have aluminum sides and backs with acrylic or aluminum. They look good during the day and are really impressive at night if they include LED lighting which can be built into the letters. You can also make channel letters reversed by directing the light out of the back of the letters onto the building or carrier to give a halo effect. Channel letters can be mounted directly to a buildingor adhered to a carrier as well.Channel letters are generally more expensive than other options because they have to be hand-made. Some letters can be computer generated but the hand-made option provides better quality. The installation often takes longer as the installer weaves the wires together in and out of the wall where they’ll be installed. It can also be challenging to hide the power packs. Also channel lighting cannot be reused if they have to be used in a different brand name. e. Window Lettering and Graphics These kind of signges help in reflecting your buissiness into the graphicss of the signs.The graphics can be a challenge to install. They are also very difficult to remove if you decide to go with something different. Full window graphics can also block out the sun unless you use perforated vinyl which is more expensive.

f. Illuminated Signs Unlike back-lit signs, illuminated signs only use electricity at night, when they need it. By day, they advertise traditionally. This duality is good for companies who want to maintain a tradition or custom for their customers.

Illuminated signs, like any electronic sign, will require maintenance. This sign will need to be monitored carefully at night to ensure theyare not left broken. These signs are also more expensive to manufacture as each component of the sign must belights can be costly. g. Lawn Signs Lawn signs can attract potential customers or supporters through their easy access, easy installation advertising.

They are also cheape than most signs, making them easy to mass-produce.Lawn signs, once installed, are open to the weather and the public. These signs tend to be more flimsy than a standard plastic or metal sign so keep this in mind when deciding whether to use them or not. There are also local by-laws restricting. h. Electronic Signs If you want your company to stand out, electronic signs are a great way to do it. Programmable, personable and futuristic, these signs can communicate multiple messages without needing to print off a different sign.

Electronic signs are very expensive and require a lot of maintenance. When they break, it is best to fix the problem right away otherwise the the sign could steer potential customers away from your business

4. Modern signages- digital, neon and ada ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) Compliant Signage A store that tuѕеѕ a portable ramp with a doorbell оr intercom, then there should be a proper informative signage for that and by that it means “ everyone” should know about it. If уоur store’s accessible entrance iѕ nоt thе ѕаmе аѕ thе mаin entryway, a sign аt thе mаin entrance muѕt indiсаtе whеrе tо find thе accessible

ADA signage .They have braille signages as well.

5. Digital signage Digital signs use technologies such as LCD, LED and Projection to display content such as digital images, video, streaming media, and information. They can be found in public spaces, transportation systems, museums, stadiums, retail stores, hotels, restaurants, and corporate buildings etc, to provide wayfinding, exhibitions, marketing and outdoor advertising. Digital signage consists of any size screen displaying any type of content for any reason.

Fig 0.4.10

FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND

You would be wise to begin thinking of the appropriate signage for your business in the early stages of planning a marketing strategy. Your sign is an integral part of the overall image for your business and should tie in with other marketing and advertising applications – part of the concept of branding your business. In addition, your sign should be designed for compatibility with the building architecture. While traditional sign styles fit well in historic buildings, it is possible, through the variance process, to obtain a sign permit for a sign that utilizes more current styles At the very outset the entrepreneur should read the local code governing signage.

The code has a definite impact on the design of a sign, and you may be surprised to learn what you can and cannot do. The earlier you know the sign code limitations, the earlier you can plan around them. Businesses who go ahead with their signage plans without knowing their local code are taking a great risk. Avoid a situation where your opening is delayed unnecessarily or where your options are severely limited – you jeopardize your business’ potential for success.

It’s difficult enough for a new business to compete.

Without well-considered signage, your business may be virtually invisible. Large corporations understand the importance of on-premise signage. They will typically spend a great deal of thought and expense ensuring their corporate identity is clear and consistent.

Critical Design Factors Below are brief overviews of several factors that are critical in creating the best sign for your business location. Keep in mind that these summaries are but the tip of the iceberg. Remember, sign professionals will have greater expertise with topics such as these, and know how to apply them to your situation: • Visibility/Conspicuity • Legibility/Readability • Size, Scale and Location • Cone of Vision and Angle • Graphic Considerations (Color, Contrast & White Space) • Contrast/Brightness • Letter Style and Capitalization • Letter Heights • Length of Message • Illumination/Lighting As you read on, you'll notice that these factors overlap with each other – our apologies for tending to repeat things. However, a sign is a sum of many parts.

In order to be effective, attention must be paid to all of them.

1. Visibility/Conspicuity It may seem simple to say that you want your sign to be visible. However, even large signs, if not designed and placed with care, can be overlooked.

Traffic, foliage, power lines, municipal signs, and street furniture can block your sign, depending on the vantage point of the person looking at it. Before deciding on the location (and possibly the type of sign used), the perspective of all your potential customers should be investigated:

Fig 0.5.1

the sign should be clear, concise, legible and distinguishable from the surrounding environment and, of course, aesthetically pleasing. A sign may work well as an isolated design, but if it is placed amidst many visible objects along the road (e.g., other signs, utility poles, traffic lights, bus shelters, landscaping, etc.), the sign may blend into the background to the point that it becomes essentially invisible.

2. Legibility/Readability

Fig 0.5.2

Legibility relates to a viewer’s ability to comprehend symbols and letters, or how clearly a sign can be seen and read by drivers with normal vision. For a driver to react to a sign, he or she first has to see and understand what has been seen. What is readable on paper is not necessarily so when transferred to a sign. Having a legible sign depends on many characteristics, including letter size, font, spacing of letters and words, the amount of negative space, color combinations, and others.

Letters must be individually recognizable, while the text as a whole should be readable.

Certain typefaces, such as the sans serif Helvetica seen on many signs, lend themselves to readability. While it may be tempting to include as much information as possible when designing a sign, it is often more effective to keep the message very simple. Allow space to exist between and around the text.

3. Size, Scale and Location

Fig 0.5.3

The location of your sign plays an important role in creating a successful business. A well-designedsign can add dramatically to the visual impact of a business and cultivates awareness. An attractive, well placed sign communicates to your ideal clientele the true flavor of your business. The characteristics of your business location will often determine the location, the type and the size ofsign you can have. For instance, in an historic district you may be limited by the style and period of

Or you may find that your local sign code has very strict limitations on business signage. In either case, you may need to pursue a variance if one is needed. Some businesses, require more than one sign to communicate effectively. If yours is the type of business that relies on conveying frequent changes in information, know that an otherwise attractive storefront can be spoiled by leaflets and temporary signs taped to windows. If your business fits this profile, factor the need for secondary signage into your master plan. For instance, installing an electronic messaging center to communicate changing information might be a good choice.

Prioritize the information you need to communicate. The organization of information on the sign face will depend on your type of business. If your company offers a unique service in the area, he address may be the most important element. For the business competing with other similar businesses, highlighting distinctive features may be a priority. Usually the primary sign will be simpler, with either the name only, or with services and products offered. Secondary signs may include address and phone, credit cards accepted, parking directions, and so on. Clutter, or "sign blight," is sure to confuse the customer. Maintain a clear and straightforward message.

Fig 0.5.4

4. Graphic Considerations (Color, Contrast & White Space) Before contacting a sign professional, you should develop a clear idea of the image and text to appear on your sign. Perhaps you have an existing logo that you want to adapt for use on the sign. You maychoose to exploit the talents of your own inhouse design professionals or may simply choose a sign company that offers the service. Keep in mind that while unifying the overall business identity is desirable, very complex designs may not be legible or readable enough. Design elements ust be carefully considered for the best visual impact. Choose a sign company that best meets your

Fig 0.5.5

Signage professionals can help translate an existing logo or design, or create new artwork. Ultimately the signage service will need camera-ready artwork for any logo or design. The business owner will be expected to have some idea of what they would like the sign to look likeEven within the boundaries of your budget, or the legal limitations imposed by your local sign code, it is possible with the help of an experienced design professional to create an attractive and effective design.

Design tips to keep in mind, many of which you've already read – are: • Choose a typeface that is easily legible and readable and one that fits the type of business. Certain typefaces are easier to read. San serif fonts and open styles such as Verdana tend to be more legible.

• Make your message clear. If you use a logo for Your Business image, make sure it is understandable. Not every image can be translated onto a sign. Maintain a simple, clear design. Keep the amount of type to a minimum. The sign industry suggests that text should be 3 to 5 words in length. Motorists and passersby have but seconds to read your sign. You want to deliver your message quickly. They can learn more about your business once you’ve got them inside your place of business.

• Maintain white space. An industry standard guideline is 30%-40% of the sign area should be blank space. If the sign has too much visual clutter, then the eye will skip over all of it. Grab your viewer – keep it simple.

• Consider color carefully. There are certain color combinations that are more legible than others. You see these combinations in road signs: black on yellow, white on green, etc. However, the shade of the color is important, too. Black on a very bright yellow is much less legible than black on a muted

highly contrasted colors than thosethat are similar. The most easily read combinations are black, dark blue or red text on a yellow or white background. However, keep in mind that it is not unusual for a community sign code to stipulate that at least one color match that of your building.

• It's also important to know that 8% of the male population in the Inida are color-blind. Therefore, it is important to use those combinations of colors that retain color and brightness contrast when viewed by colorblind people. Blue and yellow, for example, are a good combination, but blue-green or aqua on white or gray are very difficult combinations for a color-blind person to read. Another combination that is difficult to read is magenta or fuchsia on white or gray.

• Color and design should remain consistent with other design elements. Your sign is an important part of your overall business image and should match the style and color of other elements of your business identity, such as your business cards, stationery, uniforms, Web site, etc.

A simple effect like adding a border around the viewing area is an economical way to dramatically improve your sign’s effectiveness. Studies have shown that viewers can read and comprehend a sign that has a border around its message 26% faster than one that lacks this feature.

5. Contrast/Brightness Unlike conspicuity, which is concerned with a sign being distinct from its background, contrast is the difference between the lighter and darker areas on the sign itself.

It is important for there to be a strong enough contrast between the legible elements of the sign and the background. Subtle differences in color will blur the lines and decrease legibility.Positive contrast (light border or text on dark background) is easier to read and provides a greater legibility distance than negative contrast (dark border or text on a light background). Daytime contrast

by reflectivity or sign illumination. For text to be considered optimally contrasted with its background, its measured brightness should be from 4 to 10 times the brightness of its background material. This optimum contrast level results in greater conspicuity.

Keep in mind, however, that while luminance and contrast are critical to meeting the visibility needs of drivers, excessive contrast created by a "too bright" background will reduce legibility.

6. Letter Style and Capitalization As a general rule, capital letters are most easily recognized, but tend to be read individually. Lower case letters, on the other hand, are generally read as whole words or phrases. Sign design research designates six type styles as the most basic – Roman, Gothic, Gothic-Block, Text (or Ornamental), Italic and Script: Y (Roman); Y (Gothic); Y (Gothic Block); Y (Text); Y (Italic); Y (Script)

For the most part, reliance on the last four of these can be a problem. People are not used to reading these fonts for extended periods. If you feel a strong reason to use one of these fonts, then use them sparingly. Capital and lower case letters, with the exception of script styles, are generally equally legible.

As a general rule, the width of a letter's vertical stroke should be approximately 1/5 of its height. In choosing numerals, it is generally accepted that Roman numerals reduce speed and accuracy of reading because they are more complex and less familiar to the viewer than Arabic numerals.

Fig 0.5.6

COLOUR THEORY Scientists and Artists have been studying about why humanbeings respond to some color combinations more favorably than others. Mostly prefrences of colour can be based on personal choices. This adds a dimension of difficulty for formulating theories about color. These theories continued to evolve over decades to explain particular patterns and behaviors.

Distinguished colorists include Newton, Goethe, Holze and Albers who explained both measurable color attributes and subjective color choices. Color theory is a set of principles used to create color combinations in a harmony such that it is pleasing to the eye. It helps us in understanding how colors can be arranged, coordinated, blended, and related to one another.

Color theory is about why some colors work together aesthetically, while others do not.

Colour theory has enough number of definitions to fill several encyclopedias. However, there are three basic categories of color theory: colour wheel, colour harmony and colour interaction.

Hue

Fig 0.5.7

The terms hue and color are often used interchangeably in common language. According to Munsell, hue is “the quality by which we distinguish one color from another.�

Light with different hues have different wavelengths and hues can cause noticeable differences in our

Value Value is how we differentiate a light colour from a dark one. It measures the brightness of a color. At full value a color of any hue appears white. At zero value any color appears black.

Chroma The richness of a colour is chroma or it can also be defines as the amount of hue present in a colour. If a green is highly saturated it looses its richness and thus has lower chroma. A color at full saturation is a pure hue. A color at zero saturation is a shade of gray.

The Color Wheel In 1966 Sir Isaac Newton developed the first circular diagram of colors. Since then, numerous variations of this concept have been studied and designed. Several debates arised due to different opinions and their validity of the colour wheel. It basically represents color hues and their interrelationships in a circular pattern.

Most color wheels begin with the primary and secondary hues, then show a chromatic relationship between analogous colors. The traditional color wheel is based on the 12 colors found in the visible spectrum.

It's a basic tool for combining or mixing colors and an easy way of understanding how colors relate to one another. A color wheel has three different types of colors; primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary colors are red, yellow, and blue and cannot be created by other colors. Primary colors can be used to make the secondary colors which are green, orange, and purple.

Combinations of secondary colors can be used to make the tertiary colors i.e yellow-orange, red-orange, redpurple, blue-purple, blue-green, and yellow-green.

c

Fig 0.5.9

Color Harmony Harmony can be defined as a pleasing arrangement of parts, whether it be music, poetry,or colour. In visual experiences, harmony is something that is pleasing to the eye. It engages the viewer and it creates an inner sense of order, a balance in the visual experience.

When something is not in harmony people do not get engaged to it and it appears to be either boring or chaotic. The human brain rejects anything that is not organized.

It becomes so chaotic that the viewer doesn't look at it. Color harmony delivers visual interest and a sense of order. Harmonious colour engages the audience and creates visual interest. But in the end like most design colour harmony also implies to what the client likes or dislikes. Despite It's subjective nature there are come basic rules that need to be followed while using colours. Like the understanding of color contrast, complement, analogy, and context.

Colour interaction

Fig 0.5.10

How color behaves in relation to other colors and shapes is what colour interaction can be defined as.

Wassily Kandinsky, felt that colour was more than just a component and that it had it's own characteristics.

He created squares of different colours around circle and depicted how different colours behave differently.

When you compare the contrast effects of different color backgrounds for the same red square, the red appears more brilliant against a black background and somewhat duller against the white background.

In contrast with orange, the red appears lifeless; in contrast with blue-green, it exhibits brilliance. that the red square appears larger on black than on other background colors. The relationship of values, saturations and the warmth or coolness of respective hues can cause noticeable differences in our

Types of Digital colours PMS (pantone colours)

RGB (RED, GREEN, BLUE) Fig 0.5.13 Fig 0.5.11

The Pantone Matching System is a system of numbered swatches. Most corporate colors, in their co-orporate identity, are identified with a number from this system. It is often reffered to as PMS number .Pantone colours are also known as spot colours. Printing a 1 or2 color job can be less expensive than a 4-color job because there are fewer printing plates made. This system also creates the most accurate color match and the sharpest details.

These colours as lab made so their colour swatches need to be properly checked and accordingly made.

CMYK(Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key) Fig 0.5.12

CMYK= CYAN, MAGENTA, YELLOW, BLACK. ALSO CALLED 4-COLOR, OR PROCESS CMYK colors, 4-color process CMYK refers to full color printing. Due to the confusion of abbreviations for blue and black, blue is called cyan and abbreviated C, and black is abbreviated K .The dots of a 4-color process printed photo. The dots of a 4-color process printed photo, enlarged.While using PMS colors is best for something that prints in limited colors, but if each colour had to pre-mix each color used within a photograph. It would be nearly impossible Whenever there are 4 colour printing processes the CMYK percentage is used and The printer onverts this percentage into dorts and theses tiny dots are processed by the human brain as fully coloured viduals.

CMYK is a primiary digital system for printing as pantine colours cannot be put into digital printers.

RGB is the color system for computer monitors, video, etc.PMS and CMYK are for printed pieces and RGB is for computer applications such as web sites.Web Safe colors are RGB colors that accurately display even on monitors with a very limited spectrum of colors. There are some web-based design code that prefers only RGb but they are very few these days as the technology of video cards and graphic cards have drastically improved.

Finally, it’s important to note that the colours will not look same in all the monitor screens. Variability with screen brightness, lightinconditions, and hue & contrast settings will render the exact same color differently from one computermonitor to the next.

COLOUR PSYCHOLOGY IN SIGNAGES When you look at any colour it evokes certain emotions.

All colours have their own basic characteristic traits.

RED

Fig 0.6.1

Red gives a sense of Physical courage, strength, warmth, energy, basic survival, war, stimulation, masculinity and excitement. Thus basically gives out a comanding and strong message to the audience. This is te reason it is used in danger signs and fire fire signs. People tend to process the instructions faster. Also as red has the thelongest wave length it can be easily seen from far and is very powerful. It may not be a colour that is most visible but it has the property of appearing nearer than it actually is. It can give out a negative effect at times like Defiance, aggression, visual impact, strain.

BLUE

Fig 0.6.2

Blue depicts qualities like intelligence, communication, trust, efficiency, serenity, duty, logic, coolness, reflection, calm. Blue is essentially soothing. It tends to clear thoughts and make you calm .Thus it is used in basic

clear communication. It can have certain negative qualities such as coldness, aloofness, lack of emotion and unfriendliness depending of the blue used.

YELLOW Yellow is known as the colour of emotion and cheerfullness.It also depicts characteristics such as optimism, confidence, self-esteem, extraversion, emotional strength, friendliness, creativity. The wavelength of yellow is relatively long and essentially stimulating. Toomuch yellow can bring about negative emotions like irrationality, fear, emotional fragility, depression, anxiety, suicide. It can causeself-esteem to plummet, giving rise to fear and anxiety. This is why yellow is used in caution signs.

Fig 0.6.3

GREEN The colour green directly conveys the message of nature to our brain thus being a colour that radiates balce.It also despicts harmony, balance, refreshment, universal love, rest, restoration, reassurance, environmental awareness, equilibrium and peace. Green brings a sense of safety thus the reason why it is used in the emergengy exit signs. It cansome times have negative emotions attached to it depending on the tone used, like boredom, stagnation and blandness. Negatively,it can indi cate stagnation and, incorrectly used, will be perceived as being too bland.

Fig 0.6.4

VIOLET Violet reflects spiritual awareness, containment, vision, luxury, authenticity, truth, quality. Violet has the short wavelength.This colour can take you into a higher level of thought and into a meditative state. It gives a dreamy and royal feeling.negatively it can also imply introversion, decadence, suppression, inferiority.

Excessive use can bring about too much introspection and the wrong tone of it communicates something

Fig 0.6.5

ORANGE

Fig 0.6.6

Orange conveys the message of physical comfort, food, warmth, security, sensuality, passion, abundance, fun.

Since it is a combination of red and yellow, orange is stimulating and reaction to it is a combination of the physical and the emotional. Negatively it can also convey the message of deprivation, frustration, frivolity, immaturity.

PINK

Fig 0.6.7

Pink has the emotion of physical tranquillity, nurture, warmth, femininity, love, sexuality, survival of the species.

Being a tint of red, pink also affects us physically, but it soothes, rather than stimulates. It can have negative emotions like inhibition, emotional claustrophobia, emasculation and physical weakness.

GREY

Fig 0.6.8

Grey is known for it's psychological neutrality.

But it may also bring out a sense of lack of confidence, dampness, depression, hibernation and lack of energy BLACK

Fig 0.6.9

Black has qualities like sophistication, glamour, security, emotional safety, efficiency and substance.Black communicates absolute clarity as it absorbs all the energy present and it a colour with no wavelength.In contrast it can also be colour of oppression, coldness, menace and heaviness

Cool Colors Cool colors contain higher amounts of blue, which creates an icier feel when used in design. A cool palette evokes thoughts of winter, water, nighttime, sadness and a general chill. This palette can often cause a feeling of loneliness or fear. Cool colors are generally subtle and

Warm Colors Warm colors include red, orange and yellow, along with their derivatives. These colors can produce feelings of excitement, passion, and positive thought when applied in design.

Cons: - It’s hard to achieve a balanced design with this palette. Your design choices will require prudent consideration and experimentation.

Split Complementary Fig 0.6.12

Color Schemes: Monochromatic colours Fig 0.6.10 If your signs includes a single color then you might want to go for a monochromatic color scheme that is suited to your selected place.

Pros: - Easy to use and manipulate - Monochrome color schemes create a feeling of simplicity and harmony. This subtle palette will emphasize any content in your design.

- They are more accessible and more appreciated by viewers with color blindness.

Cons: - Lacks the vibrancy of other color schemes due to a lack of contrast within the palette.

- Lacks bold contrast Complementary colours Fig 0.6.11 A complementary scheme is created by combining colors from opposite poles of the color wheel. Equal use of the two can make your design appear as if it is vibrating on the screen.

Pros: - This palette is high contrast which makes for a seemingly richer design that commands attention.

To apply this color scheme, choose a color, then go to the hue directly across from it on the color wheel and select the two adjacent to it.

Pros: - This color scheme is high contrast, without the jarring effect of the complementary scheme.

Cons: - It becomes more difficult to achieve a balanced look with this color scheme. Monochromatic and Analogous are much simpler for this.

Analogous colours Fig 0.6.13 Analogous schemes are comprised of 3 colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. For best results, make one color your dominant color and use the others to accent.

Pros: - Easy to create - Richer look than a monochromatic scheme Cons: - Lacks bold contrast

Fig 0.6.13

The Colors of Persuasion As a visual medium, retail signage relies on color, text and imagery to get its point across. A major function of store signs is to subtly persuade customers to make purchases when they are in the store. Retailers can take maximum advantage of their signs as persuasive tools by applying the psychology of colors to their signage choices.

Safety: Now that you have the tools for great looking signs don’t overlook, the importance of how those signs are placed in your store. Using a self leveling retractable signage system will ensure that your signs are will ensure that your signs are hung at the right height and are never crooked or off centered. Retractable retail signage systems are the safest method of hanging interior signage since it involves no ladders or heavy lifting.

The shape of a traffic sign can often signal its meaning.

For example: • An octagon signals the need to stop.

• An upside down triangle always means "yield."

• A diamond always warns of possible hazards ahead.

• Pennant-shaped traffic signs serve as advanced warning of no passing zones.

• Round stands for railroad. When you see a round traffic sign, you will likely see a railroad crossing.

• A pentagon signals a school zone ahead or a school crossing zone.

• Horizontal rectangles typically provide guidance to drivers.

WARM

COOL

Fig 0.6.14

SHAPES AND FORMS IN SIGNAGES

Shape

Triangles

Shape can be defined as the space created when other design elements such as line and point are combined.

THere are organic as well as geometric shapes. Basically there are only 3 geometric shapes i.e triangle, square and circle.These are then further categorised. organic shapes are the ones that we see in nater such as the silhouettes of leaves, flowers, birds etc.

Triangles can be stable when sitting on their base or unstable when not. They represent dynamic tension, action, and aggression. Triangles have energy and power and their stable/unstable dynamic can suggest either conflict or steady strength. They are balanced and can be a symbol for law, science, and religion.

Triangles can direct movement based which way they point. They can be used to suggest familiar themes like pyramids, arrows and, pennants.

Spiritually they present the religious trinity.

They can suggest self-discovery and revelation. The strength of triangles suggests masculinity. Their dynamic nature make them better suited to a growing high tech company than a stable financial institution when designing a logo. Triangles can be used to convey progression, direction, and purpose.

Form Shape is two dimensional whereas form is three dimensional. It can be said that form is the three dimensional counterpath of shape.To make a shape into a three dimensional one it has to be given dimensions.

For example a square becomes a cube and a circle becomes a sphere.

Spirals Spirals are expressions of creativity. They are often found in the natural growth pattern of many organisms and suggest the process of growth and evolution. Spirals convey ideas of fertility, birth, death, expansion, and transformation. They represent trust during change, and counterclockwise spirals the fulfillment of an intention.

Double spirals canbe used to symbolize opposing forces.

Crosses Crosses symbolize spirituality and healing. They are seen as the meeting placed. divine energies. The 4 points of a cross represent self, nature, wisdom, and higher power or being. Crosses suggest transition, balance, faith, unity, temperance, hope, and life.As with lines vertical shapes are seen as strong and horizontal shapes are seen as peaceful. Most everything said about vertical and horizontal lines can be said about vertical and horizontal shapes. Curved shapes offer rhythm and movement, happiness, pleasure and generosity.

They are seen as more feminine than sharp shapes which offer energy, violence and, anger. Sharp shapes are lively and youthful and are seen as more masculine. There are truly an endless variety of shapes and combination of shapes, each communicating its own meaning and message. Often the meaning behind shapes is cultural (a red octagon as a stop sign), particularly as shapes are combined. We’ll confine ourselves to a discussion of some basic geometric shapes here and I’ll provide some links to more detailed sources of shape meaning beyond the basics.

Circles Circles have no beginning or end. They represent the eternal whole and in every culture are an archetypical form representing the sun, the earth, the moon, he universe, and other celestial objects between. Circles

balls, many kinds of fruit. They suggested wellroundedness and completeness. Circles have free movement. They can roll. Shading and lines can enhance this sense of movement in circles. Circles are graceful and their curves are seen as feminine. They are warm, comforting and give a sense of sensuality and love. Their movement suggests energy and power. Their completeness suggests the infinite, unity, and harmony.

Circles protect, they endure, they restrict. They confine what’s within and keep things out. They offer safety and connection.

Rectangles and Squares Squares and rectangles are stable. They’re familiar and trusted shapes and suggest honesty. They have right angles and represent order, mathematics, rationality, and formality. They are seen as earthbound. Rectangles are the most common geometric shape encountered.

The majority of text we read is set in rectangles or squares.Squares and rectangles suggest conformity, peacefulness, solidity, security, and equality. Their familiarity and stability, along with their commonness can seem boring. They are generally not attention getters, but can be tilted to add an unexpected twist.

Think of web pages that tilts framed images to help them stand out.

Every element on a web page is defined by a rectangle according to the css box model. Web pages are rectangles made up of smaller rectangles and squares.in Buddhist symbolism a square (earthbound) inside a circle (eternal whole) represents the relationship between the human and the divine.represent the religious trinity. They can suggest self-discovery and revelation.They represent relationships and synthesis and a need for connection to omething, whether that something is group, individual, self, or project related.

As with lines vertical shapes are seen as strong and horizontal shapes are seen as peaceful. Most everything said about vertical and horizontal lines can be said

Fig 0.6.15

SIGNS AND THE MEANING OF THEIR SHAPES

OCTAGON EXCLUSIVELY FOR STOP SIGNS

PENNANT ADVANCE WARNING OF A ‘NO PASSING’ ZONE

PENTAGON SCHOOL ADVANCE AND SCHOOL CROSSING SIGNS

HORIZONTAL RECTANGLE EXCLUSIVELY FOR STOP SIGNS

DIAMOND EXCLUSIVELY TO WARN OF EXISTING OR POSSIBLE HAZARDS ON ROADWAYS OR ADJACENT AREA

ROUND RAILROAD ADVANCE WARNING SIGNS

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE EXCLUSIVELY FOR YIELD SIGNS

VERTICAL RECTANGLE GENERALLY FOR REGULATORY SIGNS LIKE THE SPEED LIMIT SIGN OR NO PARKING SIGN. REGULATORY SIGNS ARE USUALLY RECTANGULAR, BUT SOMETIMES SQUARE SHAPED

TRAPEZOID RECREATIONAL AREA GUIDE SIGNS AND NATIONAL FOREST ROUTE MARKERS

COMMON FONTS USED IN SIGNS

__________________________

Also used by United States National Park Service.

Developed as a replacement for Clarendon.

Gill Sans

"

Freight Sans Pro Medium

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 0123456789

__________________________

Also the official font for all the signage system of the Spanish Government.

" Helvetica

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 0123456789

Helvetica Neue

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

0123456789

" Myriad Pro

Fig 0.6.16

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 0123456789

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 0123456789

"

1

BEGINNING OF THE DESIGN PROCESS

1.1 Setting A Location

SETTING A LOCATION

Fig 1.1.1

Fig 1.1.2

To decide a location, the first thing we did was list out the places in Vadodara where we thought signs are an absolute necessity and where they might be in a reclusive state, or in a haphazardly manner. We listed out places like hospital, arks, schools, hotels and resorts.

The next step was to go to each of these places and see where signs already existed, where they were needed, or if they were in a bad shape, and what people thought about it.This specific kind of research was new to us as it not only involved going to places and studying and observing it ourselves, but also to interact with people, ask them question about what they thought of the signs, if they understood them, what issues they found in them. One thing we also found hard was to talk to the officials about the place nd see if they would allow us to use it for our case study. The three places that we thought were somehow workable were- Aurobindo Asharam, Sardarbaug, and Prakruti Resort.

Each of the places selected were different from each other in ever manner- their nature, areas, buildings, indoor and outdoor spaces, and the public that it attracts. Our experiences in all of them, as anyone could’ve guessed were immenselsy different. The first place we saw was Sardarbaug. It’s a common park where anybody is allowed without any charge and due to that we saw numerous types of people from all walks of life- we saw kids, we saw couples, we saw old people taking walks, etc. We walked around the whole park and first studied the signs ourselves, and took pictures for further research. We noticed that most of the informative signs were in Gujarati and even we ourselves had trouble reading them. They were also in a pretty bad shape as the whole park was maintained by the government and therefore looked like they haven’t been changed in a long time and natural, and human factors have damaged them.

Fig 1.1.3

Fig 1.1.4

Fig 1.1.5

Fig 1.1.6

Fig 1.1.6

Fig 1.1.7

We interacted with people walking by, and they too raised the same issues that because the signs were in such a bad many non- gujarati reading public had issues understanding the signs. Also there were only regulatory signs around and no directional signs, no identification signs. We ourselves had trouble finding our way out.The space was majorly external with only a few things indoor like a yoga place and the building where the offices and swimming pool were situated. Also, when we talked to the officials there, they were not too sure about giving us the permission, but we still counted this place in.

The next place we went to was an asharam called Aurobindo Asharam.

The Aurobindo Ashram, also known as Arvind Ashram or Auro Nivas, is the ashram that was the dwelling place of Aurobindo Ghosh during his stay in Baroda in the years 1894 to 1906. Located at Dandia Bazar in the city of Vadodara in Gujarat, this was the first ever ashram to gain immense popularity and respect in the southern areas of the state. The Aurobindo Ashram, which contains 23 rooms in all, houses a library, a study room and a sales emporium. Relics of Sri Aurobindo and all rare books that have been written by or about him can also be found here. The ashram is open to any and every person who is interested in meditation, spirituality or The Mother. The Ashram serves as a national memorial which was visited by many prominent personalities during those times. The peace prevailing in the meditation halls and the campus, in general, is appreciated by all visitors.

The Asharam had signages present but they were hand- painted and weren’t located in their necessary areas. There weren’t a lot of people inside, but after talking to a few, observing and taking pictures, we realised that older people understand these signs better rather than The Asharam had signages present but they were hand- painted and weren’t located in their necessary areas. There weren’t a lot of people inside, but after talking to a few, observing and taking

Fig 1.1.8

Fig 1.1.9

Fig 1.1.10

Fig 1.1.11

signs better rather than using icons. The only issue we noticed where there were a lot of signs missing. The architecture f the building was that of an old Catholic church, with beautiful artdeco like structure and pillar.

The space was indoor and outdoor, both. Getting permission though was not an issue as the vice-dean of MSU had their office there.

Fig 1.1.12

Fig 1.1.13

The last place we went to, which happens to be the location we selected, was Prakuti Resort. The resort covering a huge area had a lot of recreational facilities, and as it was already such a posh place, it had well placed signs too. But after looking around, clicking pictures and talking to people there, we noticed that the shape and colour of the signs didn’t go too well with the ambience of the resort and some directional and instructional signs were missing too. People told us that some icons looked too out of the family of other icons, and the type that they have used wasn’t too preferred.

The space was internal and external both. The next step that we took in our project was to create a list of pros and cons for the three locations, and to seek some expert help. Ajay sir was happy to help us out and guide us, and with his help we chose The next step that we took in our project was to create a list of pros and cons for the three locations, and to seek some expert help.

Ajay sir was happy to help us out and guide us, and with his help we chose The place, number of signage present and required, types of signages we could use, etc as our various factors to select this location.

VADODARA

Fig 1.1.16

GUJARAT

PRAKRUTI RESORT Fig 1.1.14

Fig 1.1.15

Fig 1.1.17

Fig 1.1.18

2

UNDERSTANDING THE DESIGN PROBLEM

UNDERSTANDING THE DESIGN PROBLEM Redesigning is all about working out how to improve existing processes. The best case scenario is reducing costs and improving productivity by changing and updating them. Same was the case of redesigning the existing signage system of Prakruti Resort. An overhaul of this scale isn’t a project to be taken lightly, so it’s mportant to really think about what your aims and designed outcomes are, alongwith people being realistic about the potential disadvantages. It’s human nature toresist change, so it was our duty to bring out the desirable change that wasacceptable with everyone.To make sure that the redesigning process was acceptable for all, our very firststep was to understand and observe our investigation point that is our resort.

Fig 2.1

The purpose of resort is to wander aimlessly and explore the place and have apleasurable experience, but when one is new, the maze of floors and variety ofresources can be really daunting that is when signage comes into play. On the very first day of our visit, we studied the resort in all the ways possible. Firstly, we took a tour of the resort ourselves using the existing signages to know that they were significant enough. By following those signs, we realised that there were major

As we entered the first thing that strikes our mind when we see the existing signages was the tacky wooden textured background that was hindering the aesthetic value of the posh. That was one of the major reason we thought that the location desperately need a redesigning work on the signages. So, to start with the redesigning process our first step was to get a map for better working of the place and to know the place in a better way. The resort staff werent ready to provide us with a map of the resort. But the internet provided us with The aerial view also helped in creating a map of th place.

So after taking a tour of the place and getting a brief idea of the location we created a map on illustrator. With the help of map,we could know about the size of areas and its proximities with each other.

Having a map helped us studying the location in detail.

With the map we could know about the basic elements and resources provided by the resort that would further help us in designing the signages effectively. Information of areas provided in the map helped us in placing the existing signages visually and their proximity with each other and also to know where does the new signages belong. This also helped us in dividing the basic areas of the resort, for our colour coordination theme that would differentiate each area on the basis of colour and would follow the basic principle required for the effective signage system that is - “creating an identity at each location that is different from others and creating regions of differing visual character.� Creating a map not only helped us in understanding the place better but also helped the audience (our classmates and teachers) in visualising the place while we were explaining about it. After making the map we now knew the size of area on which we will work and that would indirectly help us in deciding the cost efficiency as well as the size and requirements for the signages in the resort. Also, we placed the already existing signs on the map to make sure about their placements with the area.

Fig 2.2 After making the map we took pictures of the various areas as well as the signages of the resort. But taking pictures were still not enough to understand the area and proportions of the resort so we decided to sketch some of the areas for better understanding of the place. By means of drawing rough lines and shapes, we could egin to use that spark of creativity within us to come up with interesting concepts that can be the initial foundation of our next design work. Sketching lets you get all the obvious ideas out of the way, so you can start coming up with stronger, more innovative concepts.

Also, there were certain areas whose essence could not be captured in the photographs like in the case of the bridge area above the veranda of the resort. We personally loved the place but could not capture its proportions with the area well so we decided to sketch and understand it. We personally loved the place but could not capture its proportions with the area well so we decided to sketch and understand it. Later sketching played a very important role in deciding the size of the directional hanging signboards.Therefore, decision of sketching was served really helpful throughout the design process. The interaction session with the staff present there was an initial small part of the user research.

Fig 2.2

Fig 2.3, Fig 2.4, Fig 2.5, Fig 2.6

This type of user research has one thing in common that it helps to place people at the centre of your design process and your products. Interaction with the people dealing with the place would give us the most specific information unlike any website or books. This information is often more exploratory and seek to get an in-depth understanding of the experiences and everyday lives of individual users or user groups. We asked them if they face any problems with the existing signage.

Since people are not so aware with the concept of signages they often don’t feel any trouble regarding this topic unless they are informed about it. Like in the case of this resort when we asked the house keeping about their experience of dealing the tourists and asked them if they frequently have to answerthem about the directions? Their answer gave us another reason for the redesigning of signage system. The other staff and the house-keeping of the resort served as the normal public knowledge about the signage system but the interaction with the manager gave us a complete different outlook about the signage system of the resort. The interaction with the manager was something more like a client and a designer conversation that was much professional than the regular staff.

This interaction was the most important part of user research. The most fundamental reason for doing user research was that it’s the only way to achieve an understanding of the people who are going to use our design. If you understand your users, you can make designs that are relevant for them. If you don’t have a clear understanding of your users, you have no way of knowing whether your designIf you understand your users, you can make designs that are relevant for them.

If you don’t have a clear understanding of your users, you have no way of knowing whether your design will be relevant. A design that is not relevant to its target audience will never be a success. If you use design thinking, you will know that the first step and core of the design thinking process is to empathize with your users. User research is one of the best ways to do that.

of people in the contexts where they will use your design is a common method of doing this type of user research. We often place this type of research at the very beginning of a project to ensure that the overall direction for the project is relevant to customers and users. In order to ensure that your design continues to be relevant as your project progresses, validating your ideas with prospective users on a continuous basis is a vital habit to stick to. Talk to them about how they perceive your design and how they could imagine using it, or involve them directly in your design process, to ensure that you are still on the right track. The manager was happy to accept the offer of redesigning the signage system and was willing to accept the designs if he likes the final outcome.

To make further chances and redesigning the signage system it was necessary tos tudy the existing signages in detail about its form, size, type, material, etc.

This will not only help us in understanding the problems better but also, we will make sure that mistakes are not repeated further. The existing signage was basically a rectangular shaped signboard. These rectangular formed signboards were further divided into three basic sizes and shapes. The normal informational signage boards were approx. 600*400 mm in size. The indoor directional or the wayfinding signage comprised on one single board that differ in size for lobby to lobby.

The signage put up on the outer side of the resort were comparatively larger rectangular boards that were 850*600 mm in dimensions. The existing signage was printed on vinyl sheet on two different materials depending on where they were placed. The vinyl on the outdoor signage was stuck on the pvc board while the it was stuck on metal base on indoor signs. To make further chances and redesigning the signage system it was necessary tos tudy the existing signages in detail about its form, size, type, material, etc. This will not only help us in understanding the problems better but also, we will make sure that mistakes are not repeated further.

The existing signage was basically a rectangular shaped

Fig 2.7

Fig 2.9

Fig 2.10

Fig 2.8

These rectangular formed signboards were further divided into three basic sizes and shapes. The normal informational signage boards were approx. 600*400 mm in size. The signage put up on the outer side of the resort were comparatively larger rectangular boards that were 850*600 mm in dimensions. The existing signage was printed on vinyl sheet on two different materials depending on where they were placed. The vinyl on the outdoor signage was stuck on the pvc board while the it was stuck on metal base on indoor signs. The textured background of logs of wood was there to bring a relation with nature as the name of the resort suggests.

The brown colour used there depicted earthy feel, a sense of comfort and something organic but the use of similar texture everywhere creates boredom, blandness and therefore it lacks vibrancy which lacks in creating an impactful design. The basic purpose of signage is to identify and differentiate various places but since there was some signage missing it because of which people cannot reach their required destination. For instance, there is no proper signage to reach the gymnasium because of which people aren’t aware of the existence of gym in the resort. Also, signage in the pool area lacks to provide information. The problem with those signage was that the vinyl on the outdoor signs was damaged due to unfavourable weather conditions like extreme heat and rains.

Fig 2.11

Fig 2.12 Since the vinyl was removed from the surface and was slowly fading the signs were not legible enough was the guests and was creating inconvenience. Also, the vinyl has a weird tree trunk textured background that did not go well with the ambience of such a posh resort.

The brown texture with white type was hindering the aesthetic value of resort. We realised that since the resort provides 24 hrs of service, the outside signage was of no use after the evening since there was no proper light for the people to read and understand the signs.

After studying the location in detail, we identified the problems and decided to come up with appropriate solutions that could not only help the guests in direction finding but would also enhance the beauty of the resort. Also, we realise that some of the important signs were missing so we made sure we not only redesign the existing signs but also add some signages to complete the information.

Fig 2.13

3

ANALYSIS OF TOPIC UNDER INVESTIGATION

3.1 Difference Between Hotels And Resorts 3.2 Studying Resorts Around The World 3.3 Swot Analysis 3.4 Survey 3.5 Inference Of Colours Through Research 3.6 Inference Through Signage Research

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOTELS RESORTS

Fig 3.1.1

The difference between what a hotel and a resort offer have to do with the services they provide, their location, and the activities and amenities available on-site. A resort is usually spread out over more land compared to a hotel. Considering the extra land, there are more activities for guests to partake in. I have come across many resorts are close to beach area or with easy access to beach in order to provide various water sports activities to their guests. The characteristic of resort is that it combines a hotel and a variety of recreations; it serves food, drink, lodging, sports, entertainment, relaxation such as spa and shopping. Generally, hotels located inside resorts are known as resort hotels. On the other hand, people specifically frequent resorts for relaxation or for recreation. The purpose of staying in a resort is entirely different; people who want to spend their vacation or holidays with their family in a particular city or a particular country are likely to stay in a holiday resort. Holiday resort is a self-contained resort that attempts to provide most of its clients wants while remaining with them including entertainment, sports, relaxation and shopping and tour arrangements; some even facilitate with shopping and tour guides. People prefer to stay for a long period of time in resorts. Resorts are located in the midst of natural and picturesque

A hotel is a place that offers you lodgings and meals.

Persons who travels from one place to another place with a purpose will book into hotels. for long in hotel rooms with their families. Another important difference between a resort and a hotel is their location. Hotels are normally located in popular destinations such as near airports, railway stations of major cities and towns or in business areas or localities. The purpose of their travel may be to attend a conference, a function, a wedding, or an official meeting or even it can be a vacation.

Persons who are unable to spend the night at their home are likely to spend the night in a hotel room. They may or may not stay with their families. This is because of the fact that they are away from home for that matter. It is thus understood that hotels are meant for short stay whereas resorts are meant for longer stay. Hotel stay can be long too at times depending upon the purpose of the stay

Fig 3.1.2

Fig 3.1.3

STUDYING THE RESORTS AROUND WORLD

Fig 3.2.1

The type of signages used in a resorts indirectly shows the standard of the resort.In most the best resorts in the world the signages match the theme of the resort.It gives you an idea of what kind of a resort it is. The signage designers work in collaboration with interiior designers, architects and other creative groups involved in stting up the resorts. Signages thus indirectly reflects the Brand and where it stands in the social spectrum.

For better understanding of the signages used in the best resorts we did a brief research and analysis of the some of these resorts.We categorised them as some of the best resorts in the world, in India and Vadodara(gujarath). This was required to be done as the location that we selected to redesign the signage was a eresort as well. Through the research we got a better idea of what was missing in Prakruthi resort, what could be added and also what colours could be used.

Resorts and hotels too are different from each other ther is brief explaination about their different at the end of this chapter. Further this chapter talks about the Swot analysis of a resort.

Resorts around the World 1. Constance Moofushi Resort The resort starts off with a private airport and gives out a luxe vibe. The rooms are sophisticated and artistic and it also has a beautiful view of the sea.Once you get into the resort the is a vaccation mood that gets started.

The resort has a calma and serene feel.It brings us closer to the nature. The rooms are equipped with minibars and are sophiticated.The resort is ideal for diving as it has the worls best diving spots.It has a variety d water sports, snorkelling and a lounge pool.It is situated in a private island and people board the flight from male to reach the place. It is luxurious and not at all pretensious.

Signage used in Constance Moofushi

Fig 3.2.2

The signage used here is quietinteresting as many of the have more of catch phrases. Like once the visitors leave for the island and come back from manta point come upon the the signage saying back to reality.

Also while enterin the resort ther is a sign saying "NO NEWS NO SHOES".when going into the restaurant . the resort as mentioned above is anature friendly one and the restaurant has sand flooring and it is required of the customers to be bare footed while over there.The signages here tend to be quirky and talk directly to the reader thus grabbing their attention.

Fig 3.2.2, Fig 3.2.3

2. Sands Casino Resort This is a casino resort . It occupies the site of US's largest steel mill.Each and every corner gives you a gaming vibe.The resort's target audience is for people who go to casinos. The resort has a mettalic theme throughout giving out the exact message that they are required to Red is used for the name of the resort. Again a colour that can be seen well and is attension grabbing.

Signage used in Sands Resort

RSM Design studio was responsible for the signge and envioronmental graphics. It takes the centuary old historical ideas and also wanted to incorporate local history with signages. They have used the local history in the signages. All the signages have dotted lines. The colour combinationation that they use id black and yellow thus they bring contrast which is the basic rule while creating signages.

3. Four Seasons Ten Trinity Square is one of London’s true landmark buildings, re-created as an exclusive and harmonious arrangement of residences, hotel and club in a vision that links, explores and expresses the cultures and achievements of people all around the world. The buildings have traditional stone carved architecture. All the signages is based on this architecture.

Signages used in Four Seasons

Fig 3.2.4, Fig 3.2.5,Fig 3.2.6, Fig 3.2.7, Fig 3.2.8, Fig 3.2.9,

Jackson Daly spent 3 years developing signage and wayfinding for the complete project including separate schemes for the hotel, apartments, club and spa areas.

These signages were all made in such a way that fits the theme of the royal architectural theme of the buildings.

The signages do not have any graphical representation along with it. All the signages are done in gold.The gold matches with royal theme as well as bringing a whle new definition of elegance into the aldready graceful

4.MANDARIN ORIENTAL BODRUM, TURKEY Mandarin Oriental, the top luxury hotel Bodrum offers a stunning beach front view. Rooms and suites on Paradise Bay, five star dining and the peninsula’s best spa. The rooms have a beautiful view of the sea and the visitora wake up to this view .The place puts you in the perfect vacation mode without being childisjh.It retains its elegance with the whole brown and goldtheme of the resort.

Signages used in Mandarin Oriental

They have mainly used goldens and browns to give it an elegant feel.The golden when used with brown brings contrasts . It gives out the strength and stability of the place indeirectly bringing out a grand and royal feeling .Every where the text is in gold and the baground in brown and bringin contrast. In places where there is no brown for the baground there is an element with brown.

For example the room numbers have a circular element.

3.2.12

3.2.13, 3.2.14

Resorts in India 1. Ananda Spa Resort The resort is meant for people who like ayurvedic spa resort. Many people go to Ananda Spa to get ayurvedic treatment. Along with the all traditional ayurvedic teatment that Ananda Spa provides it also appear beautiful at night. It lightens the up in the night and glows. All in all Ananda Spa brings you closer to the Indian cultue and also to nature.

Signage Ananda Spa Resort

This resort uses signages that fits the theme of the resort being closer to nature.The colours used suggests the ssame as well. Blues and greens that are used makes us feel calm , serene and safe. To bring about the Indian culture into the signages they have used dome like shapes which are often seen in Indian- Mughal architecture.

2. The Fern Gir Forest Resort The Fern Gir Forest Resot is a part of the The fern group of resorts and is considered to be one of the top notch resorts in India. The resort is a very nature friendly one and it has trees all around . The fern resort has a collaboration with the Gir Forest. Thus the theme of the resort is that of the forest. Once you enter the resort you have a fresh feeling.

Signages used in Fern Gir Forest Resort

Fig 3.2.15, Fig 3.2.16, Fig 3.2.17, Fig 3.2.18, Fig 3.2.19, Fig

The resort signage just like the resort have the forest theme set.They also have inforrmational signages at some points. Like the signage about the bords of Gir on the right. They have used a serif font throughout again bringing a forest fresh feel to the resort.

Resorts in Vadodara (Gujarat) 1. Kabir's Spa and Resort Kabir's spa and resorts are a luxury resort set in the lush greenery of the Kabir Farms in Sevasi Vadodara, Gujarat. It has fully functional 27 super comfortable and plush rooms, a full-service restaurant, spa, banquet center, and swimming facilities. Further all rooms include balcony views of our state of the art swimming pool.

With our Banquet & Convention Centre. It brings about a joyous and fun envioronment. It gives an authentic feel.

Signages used in Kabir's Resort

Kabir's gallery has an authentic art gallery resort. The resort is colour coded in every area. Each area has a particular colour code in relation to that area. Each sub area of the spa also has a colour.

2. Casa hotel and Resort

Casa hotel and resorts have a lush envioronment and once you enter the building there is elegant and sophistication. The building itself has four floors and a terrace. Indoors have yellow lighting and marble flooring. In a whole it has a very serious rather than a fun emotion altogather.

Signages used in casa Resort

The signages in the hotel use red and white again to contrast.Red having the least wavelength hits the eye strongest. Also red is usually colour that is used in eateries and food products. Casa is a hotel cum restaurant and it has special offers in for lunch and dinners. Its main focus is food and thus it uses red. In some places it used red over white. They use a sans serif typeface.

Fig 3.2.23, Fig 3.2.24, Fig 3.2.25, Fig 3.2.26, Fig 3.2.27, Fig 3.2.28, Fig 3.2.29

SWOT ANALYSIS

strength

1. Non- substitutable sector: Historically the trend is clear.

People will never stop travelling completely. Being a sector greatly dependent on tourists, that is a great strength. Considering the catering industry it is the same, people will never stop eating.

2. Excellent customer service.

3. Good asset management and Strategic capital allocation.

4. Loyal customer base (season pass holders increased year over year).

5. Vadodara being a quiet and serene place, it gives the resort a strong plus point for tourists to come here and relax for a few days with the various facilities that the resort provides.

weakness

1. small employee workforce.

2. Low productivity: low profit margins and low added value.

3. Weak Online Presence.

1. Partnership with travel agencies for increasing its Business.

oppurtunities

2. More opportunity for Wedding, Entertainment event, Theme parks, Cooperates meeting center & Conference.

3. Increasing globalisation, leading to more international travellers and tourists, especially from emerging economies.

1. Small supply of available property to develop new resorts.

2. As the market tends to recover at a slow place, many people cannot travel as much as they use to. This hurts the traveling industry which poses a threat to he company.

3. The lack of sufficiently skilled personnel jeopardises the quality of the sector.

4. Intense competition.

threats

SURVEY

Fig 3.4.1

After the mind mapping we decided to conduct a survey which comes under market research. Surveys are important because they’re the most reliable method to get real feedback from our audience—no matter what platform they use to engage with our brands (print, digital, apps, newsletter, and website). Surveys are useful in describing the characteristics of a large population.

No other research method can provide this broad capability, which ensures a more accurate sample to gather targeted results in which to draw conclusions and make important decisions. The main purpose of market research is to know what your customers want in order to retain them and gather new customers Using surveys to collect this information can give valuable insights into areas such as target audience, customer responsiveness and loyalty, understanding buying habits and brand awareness and to know about the basic knowledge of signage. Keeping the pros of surveys in mind we prepared a questionnaire for the survey. Our survey was basically divided into two parts. The first part contains questions that would the common knowledge of signage amongst the people.

Fig 3.4.2, Fig 3.4.3

Fig 3.4.4, Fig 3.4.5

Fig 3.4.6, Fig 3.4.7

Fig 3.4.6

This part was necessary because this would help us in knowing people’s opinions as well as awareness about such a wide topic of signage system. Also, we thought that the answers of the first part of survey would help us in differentiating people whose opinions are to be considered in the second part of the resort survey based on their knowledge on basic concept of signage.

The second part of the survey was strictly resort based which would question people about the form, colour, type, etc suitable for the signage system in a resort. We had already made an opinion of colour, text and form but we wanted to know if people also agree with the same. Surprisingly, the results of the survey helped us in understanding the psychology of common people. We conducted the survey in two ways the online google survey as well as the paperbased questionnaire offline survey. The purpose of conducting two types of surveys was that by online survey we could reach more number of people in a limited time.

Also, people who fill the online survey had a different approach to the normal public we face on the streets. The majority that filled our online survey was youngsters aged between 18- 27yrs that had a little different approach when compared with the normal people and the hotel staff. In the offline paperbased survey we made sure that we include people from all aspects that includes the resort staff, fine arts department students, normal pedestrians, college staff, batchmates, etc. The total number of participants of the survey were approx. 150 including both the online and offline results. The results from the survey really helped us in finally deciding the concept for our signage system which we will work on further. While conducting the survey, we were working side by side on creating a list of the signages that were missing from the existing signage system of the resort.

Fig 3.4.7

We decided to go through the resort area wise one by one following the map that we had created. While entering the resort there is a signage for parking but it lacks in providing proper information about the twowheeler, four-wheeler and the staffs parking.so first we decided to all the required signs in the parking area. As we move further there are no signs for dustbins near the dustbin, or other warning signs that include no littering, don’t pluck flowers and other caution signs that a resort must have. Moving towards the reception area the signboard of reception is missing. Inside the reception we wanted to add proper signage for newspaper stand, office, reception counter. We also decided to add a digital interactive map in the reception area for the guests and the tourists that gave information about the resort, its services, its distance from airport and stations.

This map also additional information about the city Vadodara that includes the nearby places to eat, visit, upcoming events in the city and the weather details of the week. This map not only helped the visitors to know the city better but would also help the resort in building up a different image from its other competitors in the city.

The resort offers many services like WiFi, gymnasium, laundry, fire extinguishers, 24 hrs housekeeping but there is no sign concerning these amenities so we also wanted to add these. Moving towards the restaurant area, the restaurant lacked many signages that includes the kitchen, drinking water, the opening and closing time of the restaurant and place to keep used plates. The most beautiful area of the resort that is the swimming pool area lacks the signage completely. Finding the pool area is pretty easy but getting into the pool is really difficult without asking the staff. The pool area lacks all of the warning signs, no rules and regulations, shower room, the different depth of the pool and the opening and closing signs.

During our research we studied about ADA signage system, keeping that in mind we included the braille script system in our room numbers for the ease of the disabled community. Since the resort provides 24hrs of service we decided to add the element of light in the outdoor sign board for proper night vision.

After this list was created and the survey results were compiled we came to a conclusion of making combination type signboard in which icons will be more emphasized than the text. Also, since the emphasis was on the icons of the signage we decided to make a list of various categories for the icons to be made. First, we divided the categories amongst us and scribbled some ideas of icons that could fit the category and then we went digital.

The various categories include: Normal filled -

Fig 3.4.8

Line icons-

Stylised icons filled-

Stylised icons line-

Axonometric iconsIn this list of categories, we introduced something new category -axonometric. It looked similar to that of an orthographic view and we thought maybe people would like something different. We made a table of icons under such category and compared it what suits

Fonts Used in Resorts Font name Frutiger

Achemine

Clarendon

Signage

Myraid

Verdana

Gill Sans

Helvetica Neue

Fig 3.4.9

INFERENCE OF COLOURS FROM THE RESEARCH When we studied about the colours in different resort we concluded that the most seen colours in resorts where brown, white, green, yellow and blue. We did further reasearch on these colours and their colour psycology.

As colours had different meanings when used in different places these colours also had different meanings and psycology when they were used in a resort. the following were the shortlised colours after comparing the colours of signages used in resorts.

Fig 3.5.1

Green: When you see this colour your brain directly related it with natue.It is a colour that denotes of freshness, growth and fertitlity. It relaxes the eye and soothes you. It brings in a feeling of balance, tranquility and harmony. Thus when it is used with resorts it brings about freshness and you feel closer to the nature.The colours usually seen in resorts are Forest green, Spring Green, Lime Green and Sea Green. A mind mapping of this colour brought us closer to the emotion that we felt from directly looking at the colour. Some emotions were safety, renewal, freshness, newness, balance, harmony etc.

Yellow: Yellow is bright and energetic. It can bring in the

effect. Soft yellow can give a sense of calmness. But if too much of yellow is used it may look childish or immature. Also yellow when used in excessive amounts can give a anxious feeling. Shades of yellow that have goldenish glow are often used in resort and this gives a feeling of royalty and elegance without making it gaudy. Colours usually seen in resorts are golden rod, golden brown, buff, lemon yellow and saffron.

Throught the mind mapping the following emotions were observed- entertaintin, intelectual, childish, happiness, warmth, deception, etc.

White: White is the colour of purity and serenity. when you see something in white it brings about the emotion of being the personification of cleanliness. The psycological meaning is completeness or wholeness.

It opens the mind to anything and clears up all the negative houghts away. Too much of white can cause a feeling of isolation and emptiness. When used in resorts it brings about and calm and spiritual feeling. People tend to imagine the place to be clean. Mind mapping brought in feelings of- cleanliness, brightness, calmness.

Blue: Blue is often used to convey sadness, calmness or responsibility. It also conveys sense of trust. Light blues can appear friendly while darker hues are more strong and reliable. Many resorts use this colour in their signages as darker blues tend to have authority they are used in instructional signs. They also stir concentration and clear up the mind thus only making the mind think about what is said in the signs. Azure, electric blue, teal, cyan were mostly seen in resorts. Throught mind mapping the following was oberved calmness, friendly, superiority, nature (the sky), coolness, cold etc.

Brown : Brown brown is the natural colour that evokes sense of strength and stability. It's often seen as a colour of reliability. It is an earthbound colour. Brings in the feeling of warmth. The colours used in the resorts were rust and brown umber. It brought in feelings of sophistication. Mind mapping brought feeling of

Fig 3.5.2, Fig 3.5.3, Fig 3.5.4, Fig 3.5.5, Fig 3.5.6, Fig 3.5.7

INFERENCE FROM THE SIGNAGE RESEARCH From the basic research done on the signage around the world, India and vadodara we came to the conclusion that usually signages in a resort match the theme of the resort. For example trinity four seasons, Constance moofushi or kabir's gallery. When signage have more to them than just conveying information of messages it is easier fot people to remember them and they also fuctio perfectly. Like in the canse of the signages in Kabir's gallery and constance Moofushi.

Constance Moofushi at many places in their signage has humouristis signboards and instructions. These kind of signboards tend to talk directly to the audience and the audience tend to follow the instructions better that way.

It doesnt seem comanding and also people sometime just unknowingly but happily follow them.It is from the Constance Moofushi that we got an idea for a humourist signs.

Fig 3.6.1

Though after we thought about it we also conducted a survey which included whether or whether not to use humouristic signage. The survey turned out to be positivve towards our idea and most people wanted there to be humouristic signs as they felt there needed to be some fun if it was going to be signage for a resort.

Another resort mentioned above that interested us was the kabir's gallery. They used colour codes. Different parts of their resort had different colour codes. Also different sub parts of the same resort also had different

colour coded signage. We felt that if the signage had a particular theme or had a colour coding to every area then it would be better for people to recognise the signage. After we took the survey from a few people, we found out that colours in signs are more attractive and catches their eye instantly, like green for safety i.e emergency exit or red for danger i.e in fires etc. Also from the reasearch it was analysed that most of the resorts mainly used browns and different shades of gold if they wanted their resort to look elegant or royal. After this the next colour that resorts used were blue and greens this was used mainly in nature friendly resorts.

These colours were different in different areas like for example the blues and greens were mainly used in the resorts in India. These colours according to people bought freshness and calmness to people. The colour brown was usually seen as stability in resorts but people did not prefer brown when the survey was done people did not prefer this colour and they related it with dirt.

Fig 3.6.2

Fig 3.6.3

4

SYNTHESIS AND PROBLEM SOLVING

4.1 Mind Mapping 4.2 Observations And Study Through Survey 4.3 Second Survey 4.4 Digital Map 4.5 ADA Signs

MIND MAPPING

Mood boards can be a great way to convey your design idea, win pitches and get an early sign-off. When trying to convey a design idea moods, feelings and visions can be difficult to communicate verbally. So, designers will often use mood boards: a collection of textures, images and text related to a design theme as a reference point. We created a mood board with a word RESORT and listed the relating words that helped us in building a concept for our signage system.

OBSERVATIONS AND STUDY THROUGH SURVEY After the mind mapping, we observed and compiled the results of our survey into 10 poins so that we could keep them in mind and further implement them while creating the conceot of icons.

Survey Observations1. 96% people notice the signs around them and 86% prefer following the signs rather than asking around other people.

2. Wayfinding signs (78%) and identification signs (72%) are seen as the most needed.

3. Digital signs and boards are most preferred rather than other types.

4. Generally, and also in emergency, people focus more on the icons rather 5. Basic shaped icons are more perceivable as compared to illustrative icons.

6. 96% people think it is worth funding on signages and that ethetically pleasing signs raise the standard of the locations.

7. 96% people said that specific signs should be used for disabled people.

8. Blue and Green were the more preferred colours that people thought went well with the resort. Also majority people(52%) said that serif fonts look more sophisticated and legible.

9. 61% people said humorous signs are more impactful when used for regulatory signs, and 61% people said that rectangular signs go better with the theme of the resort.

10. When asked if there should be a specific theme for the signage that is seen around particular areas like hotel, resorts etc, 77% people said ‘yes’.

MISSING SIGNAGE: While conducting the survey, we were working side by side on creating a list of the signages that were missing from the existing signage system of the resort. We decided to go through the resort area wise one by one following the map that we had created.

While entering the resort there is a signage for parking but it lacks in providing proper information about the two-wheeler, four-wheeler and the staffs parking.so first we decided to all the required signs in the parking area.

As we move further there are no signs for dustbins near the dustbin, or other warning signs that include no littering, don’t pluck flowers and other caution signs that a resort must have. Moving towards the reception area the signboard of reception is missing. Inside the reception we wanted to add proper signage for newspaper stand, office, reception counter.

We also decided to add a digital interactive map in the reception area for the guests and the tourists that gave information about the resort, its services, its distance from airport and stations. This map also additional information about the city and the weather details of the week. This map not only helped the visitors to know the city better but would also help the resort in building up a different image from its other competitors in the city.

Fig 4.2.1

The resort offers many services like Wi-Fi, gymnasium, laundry, fire extinguishers, 24 hrs housekeeping but there is no sign concerning these amenities so we also wanted to add these Moving towards the restaurant area, the restaurant lacked many signages that includes the kitchen, drinking water, the opening and closing time of the restaurant and place to keep used plates. The most beautiful area of the resort that is the swimming pool area lacks the signage completely. Finding the pool area is pretty easy but getting into the pool is really difficult without asking the staff. The pool area lacks all of the warning signs, no rules and regulations, shower room, the different depth of the pool and the opening and closing signs.

During our research we studied about ADA signage system, keeping that in mind we included the braille script system in our room numbers for the ease of the disabled community. Since the resort provides 24hrs of service we decided to add the element of light in the outdoor sign board for proper night vision.

EXISTING SIGNAGE • CCTV surveillance • First floor • Room number • Restricted area • Washroom • Male/gents • Female/ ladies • Maintenance office • Elevator • No smoking • Use stairs-fire escape • Prapti hall • First floor second floor direction • Palm restaurant • Drinking water • Room no. with directions • Danger • Stairs • Valet counter • Paramarsh hall • Lawn area directions • Gymnasium • Directions • Parking • Reception •

Fig 4.2.2

TYPES OF ICONS: We researched about the various types of existing icons by each category like elevators, washrooms, gym, cctv, etc to have a better understanding of existing signages around the world. This helped us in creating various categories for making icons further that would suit with our concept of the resort signage.

LIST OF ICONS: After this a list was created by compiling the survey results with the existing types of icons we came to a conclusion of making combination type signboard in which icons will be more emphasized than the text. The type used will be sans serif. Also, since the emphasis was on the icons of the signage we decided to make a list of various categories for the icons to be made. First, we divided the categories amongst us and scribbled some ideas of icons that could fit the category and then we went digital.

The various categories include: • Normal filled - here the icons were made up of basic shapes that were filled.

• Line icons- the icons represented in this category would be simple line drawings or just the opposite of the normal filled category.

• Stylised icons filled- in this category the icons were made in a bit stylised form. It was similar to the normal filled in appearance but the style of icons was completely different.

• Stylised icons line- this category was the line drawing part of the the stylised filled icons.

• Axonometric icons-we introduced something new category -axonometric. This category was something new than the others. It looked similar to that of an orthographic view and we thought maybe people would like something different. We made a table of icons under such category and compared it what suits the best.

Fig 4.2.3

Fig 4.2.4

Fig 4.2.5

SURVEY OF STYLISED AND AXONOMETRIC

After drawing and digitising the different types of icons we could use further for our concepts, the next step was to choose one type, start working on our concept and see which icon fits best for us.

Now one major thing to do was to decide our concept.

For this, we sat together and stated brainstorming for a while. Using whatever research we have gathered already, and what all things we have observed specifically in our resort, we drew different shapes of sign boards, saw what colours we could use based on our surveys and research, and what shapes can mainly be used. We then sketched signboards having purposes for indoor as well as outdoor use, using our icons. We took some help from the internet, some from our surveys and researches, and some from Ajay sir, and finally we came up with two concepts.

One of the concepts involved using cutout icons in a signboard, and taking the same concept we thought we could make other signboards too. The concept was to colour- code different areas from our resort, and each icon should have that specific coloured background in an abstract manner. After talking to sir about it, one important factor that helped us decide our final concept was- Cost Efficiency. If we would have used our first concept, the cutouts itself would cost a lot, and therefore we fixed the second concept as the one we will be working upon. The next step was to explore this concept and finalize it, decide the shapes and the final colours for each area. For this to happen, we had to select the type of icons first.

Fig 4.3.1

We put all the icons we have already explored with the concept, and observed that two of them goes really well with our abstract, colour- coordinated concept which were- Abstract filled icons and Axonometic icons.

To select one we thought we could again take a survey which would further make our concept strong as we are opting to take help from the general audience. We took a survey from about 50 people, and majority of them chose the abstract icons as they thought they were able to understand them better, and that even though the axonometric icons looked really new and creative, they were hard to understand.

Now that the type of our icons were selected and our concept was somewhat finalised, we had to start working on making the icons. For this the first step was to join the list of already existing icons, and those that we thought were missing out. We studied the different types of signboards that are used, indoor, as well as outdoor.

We then studied the purposes of signboards like- the hanging ones, those that are placed on walls, those directional boards that stand outside, single directional boards, single boards for parkings, etc. And then we studied the structures of each of these signboards. Then we made a list of all the signs together, and placed them in their respective areas so that we could start colour coding them.

After making the list, the next step was to choose the colours. Our icons were divided into 9 groups, which are• Restaurants • Lawn • Pool • Gymnasium • Reception • Washroom • Rooms • Parking •Services(elevator, halls, dustbin, maintenance)

Fig 4.3.1

And that’s the number of colours we were supposed to use. Deciding a colour palette was a tough job because there are so many that we could choose from- monochromatic, analogous, complimentary etc.

We also had to choose the colour if our icons that we to be placed in the coloured backgrounds. After some research and group discussions, we fixed our colour palette as- Pastel colours. We choose them because they are perfect for marketers to target our emotions.

You can’t help but feel happy. They spreads the emotions of rebirth, renewal, and rejuvenation. Pastels are less saturated than primary colours, making them feel light, soft, and calming, which is exactly what we are aiming to show in our resort. They also work well with neutral colors to create a feeling of earthiness and sophistication, and all of these, we thought, fit well with the ambience of the resort. We also choose a family of particular pastel colours to be used- Family of blues and greens and browns, because they are nature related colours and hence goes well with the name as well as

We then placed our icons on top of the coloured backgrounds and decided that filled black icons looked the best, but one huge catch in our icons was that we used a thick white stroke line, to make it look more abstract. We then played around with the background shapes as we thought basic geometric shapes looked too simple. This helped us to reach another point in our concept that we’ll use curvy, rounded lines, shapes and structures in our icons, but abstract geometric shapes in our coloured backgrounds, that would follow the outer shapes of our icons, but at the left corner we would leave a little bit of the icon, just to give the signs an extra edge.

We then decided the types and structures that would be used indoor and outdoor, with the shapes of each of them. We sketched out some ideas and then decided which would best go with our concept.

We decided that wall hanging indoor directional signs would be used and monolith outdoor signs, as they would be more useful during nights too. Detailed explanations about them and their philosophy are given in the next chapter. We then listed out all the things to be written in those outdoor and indoor boards, all directional boards, all warning sign boards like don’t luck flowers, don’t smoke, etc, regulatory boards like pool rules, instructional boards etc, like- opening and closing time of restaurant, and swimming pools, etc. the next step was to decide the sizes and the locations of each these signboards.

The last step to finalize our concept was to decide a font. After making some bascic examples of our signs, we tried out fonts by exploring and putting in a few on the signboards. We wanted to take a sans- serif font because its legibility and readability is more, and also during our survey, majority people had voted for that. Finally, the font that we selected was ‘CENTURY GOTHIC’ because it looked modern, went well with our fun concept, and looked a little edgy just like we wanted it to. One last thing to do before we started

creative things we could do to make our signage stand out. We realized that the resort, even though really posh and luxurious, did not use a single ounce of technology anywhere.

Given in the current period that we live in, we thought that it is somehow necessary to use technology to attract the audiences. For this we thought we should make a Digital Map that will be placed in the reception, which would have the whole map of the resort and we would colour coordinate the areas with the appropriate colours that we will be using in our signs. This map would then have the local events of the city, the weather, distances from railway station, airports, etc, and the services that the resort provides.

Another thing we thought was necessary during our present era, was to keep in mind the disabled and poorly-abled people. While reading and researching around, we came up to these signs called ADA signage. ADA Signs- The term "ADA Signs" has come into common use in the architectural, construction and signage industries with the advent of the Americans With Disabilities Act, or ADA. The Americans with Disabilities Act regulates accessibility; and includes requirements for signage that is conveniently located and easy to read both visually and through tactile touch.

DIGITAL MAP

Fig 4.4.1

Fig 4.4.2

"ADA Signs" are sometimes misunderstood as being synonymous with braille signs. Signs with braille and raised characters are the most visible manifestation of the law requiring access to the built environment, but the sign standards in the ADA Accessibility Guidelines (or ADAAG) require much more than just braille and raised characters on some signs. In general, almost every sign that would be considered an "architectural" sign must comply with one or another of the ADA Guidelines. If a sign identifies a permanent room or space of a facility (including exits), directs or informs about functional spaces of the facility, or identifies, directs to, or informs about accessible features of the facility, it must comply.

Signs for advertising and marketing purposes, temporary signs, company logos and names are examples of signs or sections of signs that do not have to comply.

One last thing we wanted to include among our signs were- humorous signboards. We asked a question in our survey asking if using humour or sarcasm in regulatory signs made them more effective and memorable, which a majority people answered with a ‘yes’, and therefore we thought we’ll use that concept with some of our regulatory signs too, to make it more fun and interesting.

Because of the rules requiring Braille on some signs, the signage section is most often considered as benefiting persons who are blind and visually impaired.

Some of the sign guidelines are also designed to benefit persons with mobility or hearing impairments.

In addition, it is generally considered that easy to read and well thought out signage systems are of benefit to deaf people, people who have problems speaking, and people with cognitive disabilities or psychiatric conditions that cause them to avoid speaking to strangers.

We decided we would use Braille with each of our room number signs, so that it easy for them to be identified by blind people. We also just used them for room numbers because they are the only signboards that have a specific position which is either on the door of the room or on the wall beside it. Other signboards do not have a specific position.

Fig 4.4.11, Fig 4.4.12, Fig 4.4.13, Fig 4.4.14

5

DEVELOPING OUR CONCEPT 5. 1 External Signage Philosophy 5.2 General Notes For All External Signage 5.3 Internal Signage Philosophy 5.4 General Notes For All Internal Signage 5.5 Colour Hierarchy 5.6 Type Hierarchy 5.7 Materials That Can Be Used 5.8 Sign Maintanence

EXTERNAL SIGNAGE PHILOSOPHY DIRECTIONAL : A directional signage is any road sign

Fig 5.1.1, Fig 5.1.2

used primarily to give information about the location of either the possible destinations. Exterior directional signs are essential in assisting people in finding you, and are often their first impression of the location. These directional signs should be large and easily visible at a distance, should carry your brand's logo and colour scheme, and if possible, be illuminated. The directional signs can be categorised into two types: Monoliths are free standing signs which are situated at key circulation nodes and can be either illuminated internally or externally.

Fingerposts is a traditional type of signage consisting of a post with one or more arms, known as fingers, pointing in the direction of travel to places named on the fingers, which is situated elsewhere on the campus where direction is of greater importance.

Wayfinding task is completed when the person concerned reaches the desired destination. The solution to the wayfinding problem is the sequence of behavioural actions leading from origin to destination.

The dificulty of a wayfinding task can be affected by two major physical factors: the lay out of settings and

As businesses and other facilities grow and expand, wayfinding and directional signs are often added with little thought to placement and visibility. The existing outdoor directional signage has poor legibility. Even in broad daylight it becomes diffcult to understand what is written on the boards. The flora surrounding the signs made it diffcult to spot them. So the new signs had to be designed in such a way that they stand out, in daylight and at night. Having signs easy to read will make driving easier. For our resort, we have designed Monolith directional signs because they give clear location indication and have strong legibility strong legibility which makes it convenient for the drivers to read while driving at a distance. These signs work all day long and at night these illuminate lights.

We all understand how the signage can make an impact on the aesthetic value of that place.

Hence, using Monolith signs would present the resort or service in a high impact and professional manner, they are prominent brand makers.

the stress a person might have, thus making them feel a little less anxious, which is the main aim of a resort.

no parking the last car that parked here is still missing

REGULATORY: Regulatory signs are intended to instruct

users (customers) on what they must or should do (or not do) under a given set of circumstances. These signs may be located on streets and in parking lots having to do with parking, signs in public parks and on beaches or on or in architectural facilities prohibiting specific types of activities. Some of the outdoor regulatory signs that we used were: ‘No Littering’, ‘No Parking’, and ‘Do not pluck flowers’.

In most of our regulatory signs, we incorporated humour and sarcasm. While we were doing our research, we realised that the signs that had a pinch of humour in them were more impactful then the ones that did not. Also, a resort should give a casual and welcoming feel to the people staying there. Humour can have a positive impact on a person’s physical, psychological well-being as well as give a feeling of hope. The positive image that humour creates in a

Fig 5.1.3, Fig 5.1.4

GENERAL NOTES FOR ALL EXTERNAL SIGNAGE

MEASUREMENTS : The measurement of the box our

outdoor monolith sign is 40 cm x 160 cm, which will be at height of 20 cm with the support of a stand. The dimensions of the arrow are 9 cm x 12.3 cm. The area is divided into the number of parts of the data that is going to be displayed. Each division is made at a height of 50cm.

FONT : We have used ‘CENTURY GOTHIC’ for all the exterior, as well as interior signage.

FONT SIZE :

COLOURS : Given below are all the colours used in the outdoor directional signs.

C : 57% M : 1% Y : 11% K : 0%

C : 78% M : 21% Y : 38% K : 0%

C : 73% M : 17% Y : 100% K : 3%

C : 28% M : 6% Y : 100% K : 0%

C : 0% M : 100% Y : 100% K : 0%

C : 67% M : 34% Y : 13% K : 0%

Fig 5.2.1, Fig 5.2.2, Fig 5.2.3, Fig 5.2.4, Fig 5.2.5, Fig 5.2.6

ICONS : The icons and text should be centre aligned,

and 62.23 mm above the line. The text should be 63.5 mm below the starting line of the box. The height between the text and the icon should be 60.96 mm. The dimensions of the icons may vary. Nothing more than the text and the icon should be added to the given area.

LOCATION : Directional monoliths are situated in key

circulation nodes where a large amount of information

lawn

Fig 5.2.7, Fig 5.2.8

INTERNAL SIGNAGE PHILOSOPHY

RECEPTION : These signs are situated in the reception

areas or entrances to buildings. They are used to welcome visitors to the building and inform them of the services provided in the resort.

To improve the aesthetic value of our resort and to make the customers feel more comfortable, we have incorporated the concept of digital map which will be placed inside the reception.

RESTAURANT

DIRECTIONAL : Directional signs guide and direct the

people to occupants or facilities within that building, or to buildings that are linked or adjacent. Directional signs will operate across the levels of any building and guide people to lifts and stairs for vertical circulation.

Directional signs may be wall mounted, suspended or projecting.

We have used colour coordination in our indoor directional signage also. Our indoor directional signs will be suspended from the top, in the lobby on almost every corner. These will have a similar look to our actual signs. The colour coding is incorporated in these signs in such a way that the aesthetic value of the resort

ROOM NO. 111 TO 125 Fig 5.2.9, Fig 5.2.10

101N NM

ROOM NUMBERS : These signs will be situated on the

doors of each room. They will inform people of the room number. Our sign boards for room numbers also include Braille for the physically disabled. These are known as ADA signs.

REGULATORY : Regulatory and information signs will

be used throughout the buildings to display any other relevant information not covered by the other signs such as toilets, access requirements, security and other building operational information. Regulatory signs may be wall or door mounted. Regulatory safety signs should be used where appropriate.

In most of our regulatory signs, we incorporated humour and sarcasm. While we were doing our research, we realised that the signs that had a pinch of humour in them were more impactful then the ones that did not. Also, a resort should give a casual and welcoming feel to the people staying there.

Fig 5.2.11, Fig 5.2.12

Humour can have a positive impact on a person’s physical, psychological well-being as well as give a feeling of hope. The positive image that humour creates in a person’s mind also generates trust, and decreases the stress a person might have, thus making them feel a little less anxious, which is the main aim of a resort.

GENERAL NOTES FOR ALL INTERNAL SIGNAGE MEASUREMENTS : The dimensions of the identification

signs are 54 cm x 15 cm. In these the size of the icons may vary. The dimensions of the wayfinding signs are 57 cm x 15 cm. The signs used for room numbers are 15 cm x 8 cm.

FONT : We have used ‘CENTURY GOTHIC’ for all the exterior, as well as interior signage.

FONT SIZE Fig 5.3.1

COLOURS : Given below are all the colours used in the indoor signs.

C : 57% M : 1% Y : 11% K : 0%

C : 78% M : 21% Y : 38% K : 0%

C : 34% M : 75% Y : 100% K: 37%

C : 28% M : 6% Y : 100% K : 0%

C : 0% M : 100% Y : 100% K : 0%

C : 67% M : 34% Y : 13% K : 0%

C : 73% M : 17% Y : 100% K : 3%

ICONS : The icons and text should be centre aligned,

and 30.48 mm below the border and 25.4 mm above the border. The dimensions of the icons may vary. Nothing more than the text and the icon should be added to the given area.

LOCATION : Directional monoliths are situated in key

circulation nodes where a large amount of information is displayed. The identification signs should be placed on the entrance of the given area. The room number signs should be placed at a height of 48 cm on the doors. 

Fig 5.3.8

COLOUR HIERARCHY RESTAURANT

The tone of green that we have chosen for ‘restaurants’ connotes eco-friendliness, and provide the customer with a very comforting and relaxing feeling. Green is most commonly found in nature. Hence it becomes an appropriate choice for places that serve healthy and natural foods. It gives an assurance to the customer that the place is healthy and hygienic.

Colour Code: #C2CE30

LAWN

LAWN

Green is the colour most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. It is the colour of many environmental organisations. The first thing that comes to a person’s mid when seeing the colour green is nature. Green is the most common colour used to depict a garden or park as a green space.

Colour Code: #4E9A44

Fig 5.4.1, Fig 5.4.2, Fig 5.4.3, Fig 5.4.4

SWIMMING POOL

Blue calls to mind feelings of calmness or serenity. It is often described as peaceful, tranquil and secure. Blue is often seen as a sign of stability and reliability. Blue gives a feeling of peacefulness. Blue effects one mentally.

Light blues calm the mind. Hence, Blue is the most accurate colour to depict a swimming pool.

Colour Code: #1190A

Fig 5.4.5, Fig 5.4.6, Fig 5.4.7

WASHROOM

While this blue colour is considered little dull, it represents simplicity, friendliness, dependability, and mainly health.

Colour Code: #8B5E3C

Fig 5.4.9, Fig 5.4.10

RECEPTION

The colour blue stimulates trust, intelligence, communication and duty. It revolves around people, relationships and fostering growth themselves and others. Blue symbolises loyalty. Hence, the colour blue is used for ‘reception’.

Colour Code: #0C4460

Fig 5.4.11, Fig 5.4.12

DANGER/ RESTRICTED

Red is the color of fire and blood, so it is associated with energy, war, danger, strength, power, determination as well as passion, desire, and love. Red is a very powerful color which stands out in a visual crowded environment.

Many of the warning signs consist of a red background with yellow or white lettering, by using pictograms as warning the signs are multi-language and don’t need explanation, even if you cannot read the text.

Colour Code: #ed1c24

Fig 5.4.13, Fig 5.4.14

PARKING/ SERVICES AND ROOMS

Orange is a combination of yellow and red and is considered an energetic colour. It is optimistic and extroverted. Orange alps in restoring balance to our physical energies. Orange makes a person believe in themselves. Orange calls to mind feelings of excitement, enthusiasm, and warmth. Orange being the colour for energy, becomes the right colour to depict ‘gymnasium’.

Colour Code: #1190A5

Fig 5.4.15, Fig 5.4.16, Fig 5.4.17, Fig 5.4.18, Fig 5.4.19, Fig 5.4.20, Fig 5.4.21, Fig 5.4.22, Fig 5.4.23, Fig 5.4.25,

RESTRICTION/WARNING

Fig 5.4.29

TYPE HIERARCHY To maintain the highest level of visual consistency, all our signage uses the font ‘CENTURY GOTHIC’.

ABCDEFGHIJK LMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ 0123456789 To maintain the professional appearance and simplicity of information found on signage, it is important to follow certain rules for effective signage typography.

CORRECT

• The signage information is composed of uppercase letters only.

INCORRECT

Fig 5.5.1

• “Squeezing” or compressing the letter forms or graphics to fit them into a limited space is not appropriate. Equally inappropriate is stretching letter forms or graphics to make them fill a space of dissimilar proportions.

RECEPTION

Fig 5.5.2, Fig 5.5.3

• An attempt to use a letter form that “looks” similar to the letter form specified is not allowed.

• Using styling tools (such as drop shadow) on the letters is also not appropriate.

ARROW HIERARCHY A standard arrow has been used to accompany the Century Gothic font. The arrow should always be positioned in close proximity to the appropriate text using the hierarchy illustrated below.

LEFT ALIGNED TEXT: Fig 5.5.5

Fig 5.5.4

ARROW HIERARCHY A standard arrow has been used to accompany the Century Gothic font. The arrow should always be positioned in close proximity to the appropriate text using the hierarchy illustrated below.

LEFT ALIGNED TEXT:

RIGHT ALIGNED TEXT:

Fig 5.6.1

SYMBOL GRAPHICS All symbols used in signage are designed by us and cannot be used in the following ways: • The icon cannot be compressed or condensed

CORRECT

INCORRECT

INCORRECT

Fig 5.7.1

• The stroke width cannot be increased or decreased more than the number used.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

INCORRECT

Fig 5.7.2

• The colour has to be selected according to the colour codes given above.

CORRECT

INCORRECT

INCORRECT

MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED VINYL BANNERS

Fig 5.8.1

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a popular thermoplastic.

It is an odourless and solid plastic that is white, brittle and can also be found on the market in the form of pellets or white powder. PVC resin is often supplied in the powder forms and its high resistance to oxidation and degradation make it possible to store the material for long periods. It is said that PVC releases toxic pollutants and that is why many people oppose its use. When plasticisers are added it becomes softer and more flexible. It is the most common material for signage. Large banners (which can be so large that they cover the side of a building) are usually printed on a special mesh PVC material so that some wind can pass through them. Uses of PVC: PVC is predominant in the construction industry due to its low production cost, malleability, and light weight. It is used as a replacement for metal in many applications where corrosion can compromise functionality and escalate maintenance costs.

Many of the pipes are made from PVC and these are used in industrial and municipal applications.

It is also used to make pipe fitting. It does not have to be welded and can be connected with the use of joints, solvent cement and special glues--key points that highlight its installation flexibility. The material is also present in the electrical components such as electrical

In the healthcare industry, it is used to make feeding tubes, blood bags, intravenous (IV) bags, parts of dialysis devices and many other items. Common consumer products such as raincoats, plastic bags, toys, credit cards, hoses, doors and window frames and shower curtains are also made from PVC. Advantages of using PVC: 1. Versatility: PVC can be formed into flat sheets of any size, thickness, and colour. Cutting PVC and incorporating logos, imagery, and other graphic elements onto PVC is fast and simple.

2. Lightweight : One of the greatest benefits of using PVC to make signs is its rigid yet lightweight structure. Even the largest of signs is relatively light.

3. Affordable: PVC signs, including those in custom shapes and colours, are affordable for marketing budgets of all sizes.

4. Durable: When you invest in a PVC sign, its durability gives you lasting value. Signs made from PVC are dent and scratch resistant. They can withstand high levels of moisture, making them great for outdoor use.

Fig 5.8.2

Disadvantages of using PVC: 1. PVC is intolerant to high temperatures and UV. So generally you cannot use it for outdoor signage.

Regular PVC is degraded by UV light (the sun’s rays) and disintegrates.

2. It is also not appropriate to be used in rainy weather conditions unless it is covered.

ACRYLIC SHEETS Acrylic - which also goes by the brand names of Plexiglas, Lucite, Acrylite and Perspex - is known throughout the world of plastics for its dazzling glossiness and its remarkable scratch and impact resistance. It even boasts a greater load bearing capacity than polycarbonate, one of the toughest materials out there.

Fig 5.8.3

1. Clear Acrylic Sheeting : The most common form of acrylic, the flexibility of clear sheeting is evidenced mainly by the staggering variety of dimensions it can be ordered in. Thicknesses range from four inches to a 1/25th of an inch; widths from three feet to ten feet; lengths from four feet to twelve and a half feet. No matter the particulars of your design, it's all but certain that there's a size of clear acrylic sheeting available to meet those needs.

2. White Acrylic Sheeting : Fairly common in its own right, white acrylic sheeting is perfect for when you have unusual dimensions to fulfil and would prefer to use an opaque material to do so. What's more, acrylic technology has come so far that you can now even buy sheeting that starts black but turns white under exposure to LED lighting. The transitory nature of this remarkable material makes it perfect for light-sensitive applications, such as outdoor signage and advertisements.

3. Coloured Acrylic Sheeting : Those looking for something a little more colourful will appreciate the rainbow of options in which colored acrylic sheeting can be ordered. With twenty different hues from which to choose, these varieties of acrylic are as striking as they are strong and can be just what you need to complete projects where both aesthetics and durability are needed. If you're looking for something that really pops, take a look at fluorescent acrylic sheet for transparent coloured sheets whose corners actually glow in the light.

4. Mirrored Acrylic Sheeting : A triumph of both form and function, acrylic mirrored sheeting offers all the strength and durability of acrylic while also acting as a resistant reflective surface perfect for all sorts of service and highstress environments. These sheets can even be ordered in different colours - fourteen of them, to be exact.

5. Light Diffusing Acrylic : The superior light diffusion of this sheeting prevents both visible hot spots and luminance fluctuations, making it the perfect choice for all kinds of backlit signs and letters. This material not only makes for better-looking signage - it also helps owners save money by requiring fewer lighting sources and less channel material.

6. Solar Tinted Acrylic : Solar tinted acrylic sheeting provides unbeatable protection against the sun and even does so without any additional film - meaning that you won't ever have to worry about the surface peeling or bubbling.

7. Non-Glare Acrylic Sheeting : Maybe the material you're looking for doesn't need to keep the light out entirely - maybe you're just looking to reduce the glare in the display cases for your products or valuables. If that's the case, you'll appreciate how the special matte finish non-glare acrylic sheeting provides exceptional protection for your items while also allowing unobscured observation of whatever you're displaying or selling.

8. Anti-Static Acrylic Sheeting : Though acrylic sheeting can provide exceptional protection for all sorts of electrical components, some manufacturers fear its potential to carry electrostatic discharges that can harm those components. Make those fears a thing of the past with anti-static acrylic sheeting, a specialised material whose transparent coating prevents the formation of static electricity. As an added bonus, the permanent nature of that coating means that you don't have to worry about its effectiveness being undercut by humidity 9. Abrasion Resistant Acrylic Sheeting : Static electricity isn't the only hazard faced by acrylic sheeting, however.

Though the material already boasts an excellent resistance to abrasion, this double-coated variety takes that resistance to the next level by offering unmatched strength against scuffng and scratching.

10. Impact Modified Acrylic : Impact resistance is one area in which basic acrylic falls a little short - though its strength in this area is seventeen times greater than that of glass, it's not as resistant as polycarbonate or certain other plastics. Modified acrylic helps to close that gap, as it's a material that boasts impact resistance.

11. Lucite Block Acrylic Sheeting : A must for intricate lighting projects, this specialised sheeting allows for LED lights to be embedded directly into the material to create an evenly diffused glow. In addition, block acrylic sheet holds the ability to maintain a constant transmission of colour no matter the light source for both indoor and outdoor applications.

12. Textured Acrylic Sheeting : The durability and aesthetic features of acrylic have led to it being used in lieu of glass in a number of different applications.

This textured acrylic sheeting, for example, has proven extremely popular as a material for partitions, cabinet doors, and patio tables - any environment in which the material must provide strength, privacy, and exceptional light transmission. Acrylic sheets are used for safety glass, aircraft canopies, windows, Acrylic sheets are used for safety glass, aircraft canopies, windows, skylights, signs, instrument dials, tail light lenses, lighting fixtures, optical lenses, storage and display cases, bulletproof glass.

Advantages of using acrylic sheet: 1. Acrylic is a form of clear, hard plastic that is very popular in sign making due to its smooth finish and transparency.

2. It is one of the toughest, most durable, and most popular types of hard plastic. It is frequently compared to glass because of its clear finish and smooth surface, but acrylic has a number of huge advantages over glass.

3. In addition to being lightweight, durable, and highly customisable, the hard plastic that makes up acrylic

be used over long periods of time either indoors or out.

They require very little maintenance and are easy to clean.

4. Acrylic signs are also extremely versatile in terms of their aesthetic nature. They maintain a professional appearance when displayed indoors in office buildings or other professional settings.

5. They can be made in a number of different sizes and shapes to fit different needs. There are countless uses for these signs, and they can be as unique as one wants.

Disadvantages of using acrylic sheet: 1. It is more expensive than glass.

2. If exposed to a direct flame, it will melt and eventually burn. Burning releases toxic fumes, so safety precautions should always be taken when it is being cut with power tools or bent using heat.

3. When it is not cared for properly, or when inferior acrylic is used, it can scratch, and improperly made joints can be very visible. We chose acrylic sheet for our signage design as they are best suited for all of our signs due to the versatility in the material.

SIGN MAINTENANCE All external campus signage should be refurbished annually to ensure a high quality finish is maintained.

The signs will be required to be cleaned to a professional standard, and lighting performance to be checked.

All cleaned signs should be photographed and a photographic record can be kept. A separate report can be made to detail all damage to the signs and highlight all repair costs.

CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS Some things that should NOT be done to the acrylic signs: • Never use any cleaners that contain ammonia or other harsh chemicals because they ruin the shiny finish of your acrylic sign.

• Never use glass cleaners, kitchen grease cleaners, or vehicle waxes on your acrylic signs - they ruin the finish.

• Never ever use any kind of abrasive pads or cloths, which cause dirt and particles to scratch your your smooth surface. Always use a clean soft lint-free cloth.

When applying cleaner, use a non-abrasive lint-free or micro-fibre cloth that won't scratch the surface.

• Never ever wipe your acrylic with a dry cloth, even if the cloth doesn't seem to feel rough or course.

• When cleaning acrylic sheeting, never use ammonia, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, or gasoline as a cleaning solution. These kinds of solvents can cause

• appearance.

• • For tough grease, oil, or tar residue, use commercial grade hexane or kerosene. All solvents need to be wiped clean with fresh water and blotted dry to reduce and prevent water spotting. The best way to clean your acrylic signage is with fresh, lukewarm water and a clean, soft, nonabrasive, micro-fibre cloth.

• • A very mild soap can be used, but very sparingly and only when necessary. The signage should not need to be cleaned often, but when it does, it should be simple and light. Use small circular motions with a fairly light touch.

These simple cleaning suggestions can make the acrylic signs last for years.

6

PROTOTYPING AND FEEDBACK

Stage 6 is the final stage of our design process for this case study. Now that the set of our final icons were ready, the last stage was to see how it looks on the actual scale, and creating a mock- up for one. We also had to print out and check if the colours have come out well enough and if some colours look too similar, or out of the family so that we can change it. For this we printed out a sign in each colour, on its actual scale.

After this we put them on a board and asked people for their feedback.

Fig 6.1.1

We ourselves realised some mistakes such as the colour of the services area, which was brown, overpowered the icons, and some size of fonts have changed, etc. But other than that, the feedback we got from people was really great! They really liked our whole concept with abstract icons and background shapes. We also got appreciated for our concept of colour- coordinating. Some people also noticed that the parking signs font looked too small for general people on a vehicle to see and we noted all these points done and sat again to make them all correct.

After correcting all signboards, changing the colours and fonts of view, we decided it was ime to send one for an actual mockup. We thought the ‘Gymnasium’ sign looked perfect for it. While searching from place to place to get our sign made up, we explored a lot of aterials, a lot of places, a lot of people and a lot of bargaining techniques! We saw how signs are printed and made, what laser cutting and engraved signs are, how they sharpen the edges, the ways they use acrylic sheets- printing directly on the signs and sticking a sticker on the sign. We also saw various options for our light board like neon signs, signs that uses LED and radium, etc. We went through a lot of places asking for prices from each nd finally decide a place. We told them our requirements, bargained a little and that’s how our mockup got decided. We then printed out the rest of the sign that got changed and where we made mistakes. We also saw how they sharpen the edges, the ways they use acrylic sheets- printing directly on the signs and sticking a sticker on the sign. Also, we saw various options for our light board like neon signs, signs that uses LED and radium, etc. We went through a lot of places asking for prices from each nd finally decide a place. We told them our requirements, bargained a little and that’s how our mockup got decided. We then printed out the rest of the sign that got changed and where we made mistakes.

Fig 6.1.3

Fig 6.1.4

7

CONCLUSION 7. 1 Bibliography

CONCLUSION How these four weeks went by, we still don’t know. We learnt so much in these last few days that time was never in mind. Beginning of 3 rd year couldn’t have gone better. This was the first time we learnt the design process of doing something so systematically and how research changes the whole game. This was also the first time when we researched so profoundly and on an immense scale. We also leant how we can create our own concepts using all the research and have concrete proof of whatever we are doing. We also saw how technical and book knowledge are sometimes more important than always being esthetically right.

Our professor, Ajay Kumar sir, guided us into the right direction and pushed us to where we stand today. We found how signage can be so important in our normal life, and how even minute things like this matters so much. Our research and observation showed us that signs can not only be informative but can also go well with the theme and ambience of the place it’s situated n, and this can make it more impactful.

But if there were some limitations that we would ike to address they would be- because we were approaching the issue of cost efficiency for the first time, we lacked a little in that matter. Also, we thought that the university should rovide us with proper internet and materials so that we could work and explore more.

GLOSSARY Pg 1- Cave paintings Fig 0.1.1 Pg 2_- Early 19th century signage Fig 0.1.2.

Pg 3 - Directional signage Fig 0.2.1 Pg 4- signage outide a restaurant Fig 0.2.2 Pg 5 - Brand signage Fig 0.3.1 Pg 6 - Traffic signage for school children Fig 0.3.2 Pg 7- Brand signage. Fig 0.3.3, Fig 0.3.4 Pg 8 - Look right sign Fig 0.3.5 Pg 9- Informative sign Fig 0.4.1, persuasive sign Fig 0.4.2 Pg 10 - Outdoor signs Fig 0.4.2, A frame signs Fig 0.4.2, Backlit signs.

Pg 11- Banners Fig 0.4.5, Channel Letters Fig 0.4.6, window lettering and graphics Fig 0.4.7, Fig 0.4.8, Fig 0.4.9.

Pg 12- Digital signges Fig 0.4.10, Pg 14 - Visibility and conspicuity Fig 0.5.1.

Pg 15 - Readability and legibility Fig 0.5.2, Size and Location Fig 0.5.3.

Pg 16 -Colour contasts and colour combinationsFig 0.5.4, Fig 0.5.5 Pg 18- Letterizationa and Capitalization Pg 19- Colour hues Fig 0.5.7, Pg 20 -Colour values Fig 0.5.8,0.5.9 Pg 21- Colour interaction Fig 0.5.10 Pg 22- PMS Fig 0.5.11, CMYK Fig 0.5.12, RGB Fig 0.5.13 Pg 23- Red Fig 0.6.1, Blue Fig 0.6.2 Pg 24- Yellow Fig 0.6.3, green Fig 0.6.3, violet Fig 0.6.3 Pg 25- pink Fig 0.6.7, grey Fig 0.6.8, black Fig 0.6.9.

Pg 26- Monochromatic colors Fig 0.6.10, Complimentary colours Fig 0.6.11, Analogous colours Fig 0.6.13 Pg 27- colours and shapes in signages Fig 0.6.13

Pg 32- signs and meaning of their shapes Fig 0.6.15.

Pg 34, Pg 35- common fonts used in public places Fig 0.6.16.

Pg 38 - Sardarbaug Fig 1.1,Fig 1.1.2 Fig 1.1.3, Fig 1.1.4, Fig 1.1.5.

Pg 39-Aurobindo ashram Fig 1.1.6, Fig 1.1.7, Fig 1.1.8, Fig 1.1.9, Fig 1.1.10, Fig 1.1.11 Pg 40- Prakruti Resort Fig 1.1.12, Fig 1.1.13, Fig 1.1.14, Fig 1.1.15, Fig 1.1.16, Fig 1.1.17, Fig 1.1.18.

Pg 45- No smoking sign Fig 2.1 Pg 46- Handwash sign Fig 2.2 Pg 47- Map of the resort Fig 2.3, Sketches of the resort 2.4 ,2.5, 2.6, 2.7 Pg 48-washroom sign, Stairs and parking 2.8,2.9, 2.10 Pg 49- signages inside the resort 2.11, 2.12 .Pg 50 -All signages in the resort.

Pg 53, 54 - sea view resorts Fig 3.1.1,Fig 3.1.2 Pg 55,56- Constance Moofushi Fig 3.2.1, Fig 3.2.2 Fig 3.2.3 Fig 3.2.4.

Pg 57-Sands casino resort and Four seasons resort Fig 3.2.4, Fig 3.2.5,Fig 3.2.6, Fig 3.2.7, Fig 3.2.8, Fig 3.2.9, 3.2.10, 3.2.11.

Pg 58- Mandarin Oriental Bodrium 3.2.12, 3.2.13 Pg 59- Ananda spa resort and the fern gir resort Fig 3.2.15, Fig 3.2.16, Fig 3.2.17, Fig 3.2.18, Fig 3.2.19, Fig 3.2.20, Fig 3.2.21, Fig 3.2.22.

Pg 60- Kabir Spa and resort Casa hotel and resort Fig 3.2.23, Fig 3.2.24, Fig 3.2.25, Fig 3.2.26, Fig 3.2.27, Fig 3.2.28, Fig 3.2.29.

Pg 63-66 Fig 3.4.1-Fig 3.4.7 Pg 67- Washroom signages Fig 3.4.6, Fig 3.4.6

Pg 70- Fonts used in resorts Fig 3.4.9 Pg 71- Signboard of a resort Fig 3.5.1 Pg 72- Fonts used in hotel signs Fig 3.5.2, Fig 3.5.3, Fig 3.5.4, Fig 3.5.5, Fig 3.5.6, Fig 3.5.7 Pg 73 and 74- Fig 3.6.1 Fig 3.6.2 Fig 3.6.3 Pg 78- Mind mapping Fig 4.1.1 Pg 80 - Fig 4.2.1 Pg 80- All icon exploraions Fig 4.2.4 Pg 82- All colour explorations Fig 4.2.5 Pg 88 - axometris and stylised icons survey result Fig 4.3.1 Pg 90- Fig 4.3.3 Resort map Pg 92-94 Digital Map Fig 4.4.1 Pg 99- Outdoor signs Fig 5.1.1, Fig 5.1.2 Pg 100- Regulatory signs Fig 5.1.3, Fig 5.1.4 Pg 102 -Fig 5.2.1, Fig 5.2.2, Fig 5.2.3, Fig 5.2.4, Fig 5.2.5, Fig 5.2.6 Pg 103- Height in relation to the surroundings Fig 5.2.7, Fig 5.2.8 Pg 104- Directional signs Pg 105- Fig 5.3.2, Fig 5.3.3,Fig 5.3.4, Fig 5.3.5, Fig 5.3.6, Fig 5.3.7 Pg 105- Swimming pool Fig 5.3.8 Pg 107-110- colour coding and hierarchy in different areas of the resort Fig 5.4.1, Fig 5.4.2, Fig 5.4.3, Fig 5.4.4, Fig 5.4.5, Fig 5.4.6, Fig 5.4.7, Fig 5.4.9, Fig 5.4.10, Fig 5.4.11, Fig 5.4.12, Fig 5.4.15, Fig 5.4.16, Fig 5.4.17, Fig 5.4.18, Fig 5.4.19, Fig 5.4.20, Fig 5.4.21, Fig 5.4.22, Fig 5.4.23, Fig 5.4.25, Fig 5.4.26, Fig 5.4.27, Fig 5.4.28.

Pg 111-112 - All signages Fig 5.4.29 Pg 113- Upppercase only Fig 5.5.1 Pg 114 - No other font should be usedFig 5.5.2, Fig 5.5.3 Pg 115- Century gothic arroes Fig 5.5.4, No styling tools to be used Fig 5.5.5 Pg 116- Arrow Hierarchy Fig 5.6.1 Pg 117- Correct symbol Graphic Fig 5.7.1, stroke Fig 5.7.2and size Fig 5.7.3.

Pg 118- Vinyl Fig 5.8.1 Pg 119- PVC Fig 5.8.2, Acrylic sheet Fig 5.8.2 Pg 121- Acrylic sheet 5.8.2 Pg 122 - Acrylic sheet 5.9.1 Pg 125- Pg 126-Fial Signage prototypes and mockups

i

BIBLIOGRAPHY • https://www.adasigndepot.com/ • https://www.signs.com/blog/the-history-of-signage/ • http://octink.com/what-is-signage-and-what-is-itspurpose/ • https://alphalewissigns.com.au/why-is-signageimportant-for-your-business/ • https://www.shieldcoart.com/custom-metal-businesssignage-blog/2016/9/26/the-importance-of-signage • https://www.digitalsignagetoday.com/topics/ maintenance-repair/ • https://www.risevision.com/blog/color-theory-digitalsignage-design • https://stickerz.com/applying-color-theory-todesigning-signs/ • https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/265780758_A_Basic_Theory_for_the_Design_ of_Road_Signage_Elements • https://info.umkc.edu/umkcspaces/?p=287 • https://www.cs.indiana.edu/~port/teach/103/sign. symbol.short.html