Beyond The Badge Yearbook Summer 2025

BEYOND THE

BADGE

THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OPP ASSOCIATION

Summer Yearbook 2025

BEYOND THE

B A D G E Volume 21 THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OPP ASSOCIATION Editorial Committee:

Lynn Neale, Editor Emily Brown, Associate Editor

Publication Mail Agreement No. 41609528 119 Ferris Lane Barrie, ON L4M 2Y1 Phone: (705) 728-6161 Fax: (705) 721-4867 Toll free:1-800-461-4282 E-mail: oppa@oppa.ca Website: http://www.oppa.ca

Summer Yearbook 2025

Index Editor’s Message...............................................................................5 Acting President’s Message..............................................................7 65 Years of Service: The Story of the OPP’s Auxiliary Policing Program...............................................................8 The Vets’ Page..................................................................................12 Five Years of Encompas....................................................................13 Did You Know? Make the Most of Your OPPA Health Benefits..........15 TD Insurance.....................................................................................18 In Unity and Mourning: Ontario Gathers to Remember Fallen Officers.................................................................20

The opinions and comments expressed in Beyond the Badge are those of the writers and are made without prejudice. They are not necessarily the position of the OPPA or its Executive. Reproduction of articles and artwork is strictly prohibited without the prior written consent of the OPPA.

Where Memories Live and Futures Begin: The Pathway of Memories and Milestones........................................23 Looking Out from the Black Hole: My Journey Through Depression, PTSD, and Hormone Imbalance....................................26 Benefits 101......................................................................................29, 31

Designed & Published By:

SPG

Shield Publishing Group Beyond the Badge is published by Shield Publishing Group on behalf of the OPPA. Contact info: president@ shieldpublishinggroup.com

Mind the Steps: Navigating the Procedural Duty to Accommodate......................................................................32 Save The Date...................................................................................33 Sutton Special Risk...........................................................................35

On the Cover: Wreaths were solemnly laid at the 26th Annual Ceremony of Remembrance on May 4, 2025, at Queen’s Park in honour of the 283 Ontario police officers who have died in the line of duty. The ceremony, hosted by the Ontario Police Memorial Foundation, included the addition of two names to the Wall of Honour and brought together thousands to commemorate the enduring legacy of these fallen heroes.

Photo: Janye van der Veen, OPP Photographer

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Editor’s Message Lynn Neale, Editor

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ello and welcome to the 2025 Summer Yearbook. I hope you are enjoying your summer in the sunshine and outdoors with family and friends. For those who prefer the air conditioning, I hope you have fun activities planned where you can stay cool. The summer never seems to be long enough, so enjoy your time off and I hope you are able to make the most of it.

Each summer and winter we produce a yearbook highlighting previous articles and a few new ones with information we hope you find interesting. This magazine is only possible thanks to the hard work of my co-editor Emily Brown, contributions of staff, members, stakeholders, advertisers and our publishing company. Thank you to those who contribute and support the magazine, it is appreciated.

It has been a busy year. There has been many events, meetings and functions for our members. If you are participating in something or have an idea for an article that might interest our membership, reach out to communications@oppa.ca and tell us about it.

In this Yearbook you will find information on the Encompas program. We need to spread the word about this program to our members and their families. It is important to recognize that Encompas is not an employer led program. It is administered by Dalton Associates, and the OPP Association achieved the agreement to fund it. The Association does not receive names of those members or their family that access the program. Information is provided to Encompas that allows people access. It is confidential. It is open to all active and retired members receiving or covered by our benefits program.

In the last contract it was extended to our fixed term contract members as well as COA members. If you encounter any issues accessing services, I hope you will reach out and let us help. If you have concerns, we will do our best to address them. Both civilian and uniform members encounter all sorts of issues in our various job assignments and roles, we can’t forget how stressful that can be on our families. Ensure they have the support they need, provide them with the information on Encompas now, so they have it when they need it.

You work hard and earn your time off. Make sure you use it to recharge and find gratitude for the little things that make life better. If you are struggling to find peace or deal with day-today issues, you are not alone. If a family member or friend is telling you they are concerned, listen. It’s not easy to admit it,

but they see the changes in us, usually before we do. Your health, happiness and family are not something to sacrifice to your work.

There is a way to be healthy and do the job you love and rely on, sometimes we just need help to do that, contact Encompas.

We all need to lead with kindness and remember we have no idea what anyone around us is dealing with, so give each other grace. We should all be “walking each other home”, not judging or criticizing when we don’t have all the information. There are enough people in this world that judge us, we don’t need to do it to each other. Imagine your workplace with support instead of judgement, empathy instead of criticism, and help instead of hindrance. We all need to contribute to these ideals.

This year’s Ontario Police Memorial Ceremony of Remembrance on May 4th was well attended. I have the privilege and honour of holding the position of Vice-President of the Ontario Police Memorial Foundation (OPMF). The OPMF manages the memorial and is responsible for the ceremony. We have many great volunteers, who selflessly give of their time and energy to ensure the ceremony honours those lost and their families. This year we saw increased attendance and the families noticed. It fills them with joy to know that their loved one is still honoured, regardless of how many years it’s been. They have paid the ultimate price, and we honour them and their families when we show up. Many people don’t realize that the OPMF is a charitable organization that exists and operates through funding received from sponsors and donations. This year we held a very successful social night at Greta Arcade and Bar on the Saturday evening before the ceremony. We had generous sponsors and great attendance and were able to raise funds for the OPMF. We plan on doing it again next year at the same venue, so watch for tickets going on sale!

Those on the Board of Directors and organizing committee don’t receive payment for our efforts, it is done out of our desire to ensure no one is ever forgotten and we honour their service and their families. The funds raised are used for the operating costs of the OPMF Ceremony of Remembrance and to promote the interests of the OPMF. If you would like to support us visit www. opmf.ca/support and charitable donation receipts will be issued.

On behalf of all involved thank you for your consideration.

The OPP Association’s Annual Canada’s Wonderland Family Fun Day for members and their immediate family is set for Tuesday, August 5th. The cost is $40/ ticket and includes parking, early entrance for two ride sections, all you can eat BBQ lunch and your general admission ticket. Go to the members section of the website under Events for information on ordering tickets. The deadline to order is July 29th.

However you choose to spend your summer, I hope it fills you with happiness. www.oppa.ca

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Acting President’s Message

David Sabatini

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n behalf of the Ontario Provincial Police Association (OPPA), we extend our deepest gratitude to the many sponsors and advertisers who continue to support our annual publication. I would like to thank you for the ongoing support you provide our members every day. Keeping Ontario’s towns and cities safe requires not only professional policing but also a strong connection between the police and the public. Your support of the OPPA’s Yearbook reinforces that connection and clearly demonstrates the strong ties between our membership and Ontario’s Business Community.

Each year, our publication reaches thousands of readers across Ontario, both members of the policing community and the public. It is more than a magazine; it reflects the commitment, dedication, and professionalism of the officers who serve in all corners of our province. None of this would be possible without the support of our sponsors.

The OPPA is proud to represent both civilian and uniform members of the Ontario Provincial Police. Our members are the officers you see on the roads, in your neighbourhoods, and at community events. They are also the dispatchers and call takers, Special Constables, and support staff who keep the wheels of public safety turning daily.

integral members of the communities in which they live and work. Whether it’s participating in local fundraisers, mentoring youth, volunteering, or being a visible and approachable presence in the neighbourhood, our members take pride in being part of the communities they serve.

This connection between police and community is essential.

It builds trust, enhances cooperation, and creates a shared sense of responsibility for the safety and well-being of all.

As sponsors, your support strengthens that connection by helping us reach wider audiences, share positive stories, and reinforce the message that public safety is a shared priority.

We know that your choice to support our publication is not made lightly. In a competitive marketplace, there are many avenues to reach potential customers, and we are honoured that you have chosen to align your brand with the OPPA. To our readers, we encourage you to take note of the businesses and organizations that support this publication.

These sponsors are not only promoting their products and services, but they are also standing behind the men and women who dedicate their lives to keeping Ontario safe.

When you support our sponsors, you are also supporting the policing community.

The essence of our work is a shared commitment to protecting and serving the people of Ontario. We know that safe communities don’t happen by accident, they are the result of constant vigilance, meaningful partnerships, and a spirit of collaboration between law enforcement and the public. You, our sponsors, are a vital part of that effort.

In closing, I thank each one of our sponsors for your continued support. Your partnership is not only appreciated, but also indispensable. Together, we will continue to share the important stories of policing in Ontario and promote the safety and well-being of every community we serve.

Police officers are more than enforcers of the law, they are

Thank you for standing with us.

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65 Years of Service: The Story of the OPP’s Auxiliary Policing Program By: Alysha van der Valk, Strategic Communications Advisor, OPP

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he Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) is thrilled to celebrate the 65th anniversary of its Auxiliary Policing Program – a shining example of dedication and service from its volunteer members. Since its inception in 1960, the Auxiliary Program has been a cornerstone in supporting the OPP and the communities it serves.

Over the years The journey began with 376 enthusiastic volunteers, equipped and trained by seasoned officers. Within just a year, the program expanded to more than 460 members, contributing an impressive 26,000 volunteer hours. These men and women didn’t just observe from the sidelines – they walked patrols, assisted in law enforcement duties, and became a trusted presence in their communities.

But no great story is without its challenges. In 1967, a government funding cut threatened to disband the program. At a critical moment in Canada’s Centennial year, Commissioner Silk fought to keep the program alive, recognizing the ever-growing demand for additional support. This determination ensured that the Auxiliary’s role in public safety remained steadfast.

The late 1980s brought another turning point. With limited resources and inconsistencies in structure, the program needed revitalization. Commissioner O’Grady took up the challenge, implementing key reforms that aligned Auxiliary ranks with the regular service, expanded units across the province and standardized training. These changes solidified the Auxiliary Program as an essential part of the OPP, reinforcing its importance for years to come.

Time and again, the Auxiliary Program has proven its resilience and dedication in moments of crisis: • July 5, 1970 – Auxiliary members were among the first to respond to the devastating crash of Air Canada Flight 621

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Summer Yearbook 2025

near Pearson International Airport, helping secure the scene and support emergency efforts.

• 1998 Ice Storm – When Ontario was buried under thick layers of ice, Auxiliary volunteers stepped up, using their skills to provide aid and assist in relief efforts.

• Y2K & 9/11 – As the world braced for potential emergencies, Auxiliary members were on standby, ready to assist in case of unforeseen disasters.

• 2021 Freedom Convoy – Nearly 40 Auxiliary members stood alongside OPP officers in Ottawa, providing logistical support and ensuring public safety.

Each of these moments underscores the program’s unwavering resilience and dedication to community support and growth.

Auxiliary today Today, the Auxiliary Program is flourishing with more than 500 active members, with class sizes increasing to 48 recruits, three times a year. Training has evolved to a more hands-on approach, better preparing recruits to support frontline officers and their communities. A dedicated training unit, guided by the motto “Instructing Auxiliaries by Auxiliaries,” ensures that experience and knowledge are passed down through the ranks.

Looking ahead, the Auxiliary Program aims to become a household name, launching initiatives like the Door-to-Door Program to educate the public on crime prevention strategies, including CAMSafe, Lock it or Lose it, and Safeguard Ontario.

For 65 years, the Auxiliary Policing Program has been a beacon of service, resilience, and unwavering dedication. To all past, present, and future Auxiliary members – thank you for your commitment, your sacrifices, and the countless hours you’ve devoted to making our communities safer.

Here’s to the next 65 years of service!

65 YEARS OF

AUXILIARY VOLUNTEERS FOR A BETTER COMMUNITY

ARE YOU READY? JOIN US! W W W . O P P. C A / A U X I L I A R Y

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The Vets’ Page

Making a Difference After Duty: How Retired Members are Giving Back

By Jeff Simpkins, Retired S/Sgt., Provincial Director OPPVA

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ll of us have spent our careers in service to the community.

We did so as a requirement of our chosen vocation. In addition, many of us have also volunteered our time outside of work-related duties. As a member approaches the age of retirement—as I have mentioned in past articles—deciding when to retire can be a daunting decision.

The beauty of retirement is the abundance of free time that comes with it. Some will choose to seek post-retirement work for a variety of reasons. Others will find that this extra time presents an excellent opportunity to volunteer in their community.

When considering volunteering in retirement, there are several things to think about before committing your time.

First and foremost, find what interests you. This could be something you were already involved in while working, but struggled to balance with your job. Look around your community to see what opportunities exist and who is currently seeking volunteers. Don’t underestimate the skills and experience you can offer in retirement. Sports teams, schools, hospitals, homeless shelters, and food banks are just a few examples of organizations that often need assistance.

Planning how much time you want to commit is also important.

While you may want to contribute meaningfully to your community, remember that you’ve entered a well-earned second chapter of life. Avoid the trap of overcommitting your free time at the expense of leisure and relaxation.

Part of your plan should include deciding when to begin volunteering. Starting immediately can help maintain a meaningful schedule and provide a continued sense of purpose.

You may choose to continue volunteer activities you were involved in before retirement and even increase your time commitment now that you have more availability.

You may also find that the training and skills you’ve acquired throughout your career are well suited for leadership roles, such as sitting on a board of directors. While you may not be seeking compensation, having an up-to-date resume outlining your qualifications can help an organization place you where you’ll be most effective—and where you’ll gain the most personal fulfilment.

A Recent Unique Volunteer Activity Six weeks ago, while conducting a tour of Public Street and the OPP Museum on behalf of the Friends of the Museum, I was approached by Constable Patrick Mulligan. He inquired about utilizing a group of veterans as volunteers to assist the Academy with recruit training. He explained that recruits complete an exercise designed to develop their interviewing skills. The scenario involves a call for service concerning an armed robbery, with the “victim” awaiting an interview.

This request presented two valuable opportunities: 12 Summer Yearbook 2025

• Engaging a large group of retired members to assist with recruit training.

• Encouraging meaningful interaction between retired members and the newest members of the OPP. To gather support, I reached out to Chapter 18 Secretary Dave Don. I explained the request and the exercise, and he promptly sent out an email to Chapter 18 members. The email included the necessary details and five separate dates where volunteers were needed. Members could sign up for any or all of the dates.

It’s always risky to share your email address with over 450 people and ask for responses—but Chapter 18 members did not disappoint. My inbox quickly filled with offers to help. It was a great problem to have. I also spoke about the opportunity during our Chapter meeting, which brought in even more support. I was able to compile a full list of names for each training date.

Constable Mulligan provided the scenario and role-playing instructions in advance, which helped the volunteers prepare to play the role of the “victim” realistically.

The group of Veterans Association volunteers who came forward brought a wide range of skills and backgrounds, including: financial expertise, human resources, polygraph operation, forensic evidence, corporate communications, OPC instruction, nursing, peacekeeping deployments, military experience, and front-line policing. Members had served in uniform and civilian roles across all OPP regions—Northwest, Northeast, Central, East, West, and the Highway Safety Division. There couldn’t have been a better group to role-play and interact with the recruits.

As the exercise unfolded, I witnessed our volunteers fully engaged and embracing the opportunity. Their involvement added realism to the interaction. At the conclusion of the sessions, many of the volunteers stayed behind to speak with the recruits, offering insight from their wealth of experience.

This dialogue clearly benefited both groups.

Personally, I had the chance to interact with new members from all regions and three Indigenous stand-alone police services. It was a fantastic and fulfilling opportunity.

This was made possible thanks to the actions and combined efforts of the OPP Academy instructional staff involved in postOPC recruit training. These instructors give tirelessly during training—and many also volunteer in their communities, further demonstrating their dedication.

We hope this opportunity continues in the future.

If you’re considering retirement—or are already retired—think about the personally fulfilling volunteer opportunities waiting for you. Until next time, thank you for reading, and hopefully, for choosing to volunteer in your community.

FIVE YEARS OF ENCOMPAS:

A Trusted Support for First Responders

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ive years ago, we launched Encompas with a clear purpose: to provide members and their families with safe, confidential, and trusted mental health support. You deserve help that is free from stigma, free from barriers, and truly built around your unique experiences.

Here’s to five years of trust, growth, and making a difference — together.

Since then, we have supported 3,437 eligible members and their families through proactive care, ensuring access to the right support at the right time. Whether navigating the daily stresses of the job or working through more complex challenges, Encompas has stood as a steady, independent ally.

Mental health resilience isn’t just about overcoming obstacles; it’s about building a foundation for long-term wellbeing. By remaining an independent third-party mental health support service, we ensure you have a place to turn for support without fear, judgment, or compromise.

As we mark this milestone, we are reminded of why we do this work. You chose a career serving your community; we created a community to serve you. Thank you for everything you do.

ABOUT THE ENCOMPAS PROGRAM he Encompas Mental Health Wellness Program supports eligible OPPA members, COA members, OPP employees, and their families through accessible, inclusive, and timely mental healthcare.

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of First Responder- specialized mental health professionals and treatment programs across Ontario, care is available in over 25 languages, both in-person and virtually.

Our comprehensive mental health services are designed to reflect the broad range of needs, lived experiences, intersections of identities, and preferences of our members. With a vetted network

The Encompas Care Management Team is here for you 24/7/365.

If you need support or want to learn more, please reach into a Care Manager at 1-866-794-9117 or visit www.encompascare.ca.

Contact Encompas

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Did You Know?

Make the Most of Your OPPA Health Benefits

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ull-time, regular part-time and eligible retired members of the OPP Association are entitled to a wide range of health and wellness benefits. FXT members receive pay in lieu of benefits, which could be applied to the cost of individual coverage should they choose. To help you get the most out of your coverage, here are some important tips and reminders you may not be aware of:

1. Understanding Prescription Costs

Each prescription you fill is essentially made up of two parts: the ingredient cost and the dispensing fee. While the plan covers dispensing fees up to $10 per prescription, some pharmacies may charge more. To avoid unnecessary out-of-pocket costs, check with your pharmacy to understand their dispensing fees.

Some charge as little as $5 per prescription. It may be worth the time to shopping around.

2. Reduce Fees with Extended Supplies

If you’re on maintenance medication, ask your doctor if a 60 or 90-day supply is appropriate. This reduces how often prescriptions need to be filled — and how many dispensing fees you’re charged.

3. Coordinate Coverage with Your Spouse

If your spouse has health or dental coverage through their employer, you can coordinate benefits between both plans. This could increase your reimbursement amount and reduce your out-of-pocket costs.

You and your spouse must submit expenses through your own plan first. Any unpaid amounts can then be submitted through the spouse’s plan for consideration. For dependent children, the “birthday rule” applies. This means claims for the children must first be submitted to the parent’s plan whose birthday falls earliest in the year.

4. Verify Health Practitioner Eligibility

Insurance Companies determine the eligibility of service providers. Not all health practitioners are covered under your plan. To confirm eligibility, use the My Canada Life at Work mobile app or log in to the Canada Life website to verify before booking your appointments.

5. Get an Estimate or Pre-determination

To ensure equitable payment, insurance companies implement and follow reasonable and customary maximums, as well as fee guides that are used to determine the maximum amount payable allowed for specific provisions under the plan.

To ensure you are not out of pocket unexpectedly, we recommend that you submit a pre-determination for higher cost items. You will then be able to decide on the treatment type or at least be aware of any costs that are not eligible.

6. Emergency Travel Assistance

Travelling outside Ontario? As long as your provincial healthcare (i.e. OHIP in Ontario) is valid, your health coverage includes emergency medical travel assistance. This benefit provides you

with support during sudden, unexpected medical emergencies — including transport home if needed for proper recovery. If you have a medical event or change your medication 90 days before you travel, you may wish to postpone your trip to a later date to ensure you are medically stable.

You can access the phone numbers for the emergency travel provider, Global Excel through the mobile app by accessing your benefit card.

6. Accidental Death, Dismemberment & Critical Illness Coverage

All insured members have a basic level of AD&D coverage that includes a Critical Illness provision. If you are diagnosed with a listed illness ((Aplastic Anemia, Blindness, Life-threatening cancer, Heart Attack, Kidney Failure, Multiple Sclerosis, Severe Burns, and Stroke), you may be eligible for a lump-sum Critical Illness payment — even if you did not purchase additional standalone coverage. The same applies to some Critical Diseases like ALS, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s. In the event you receive a diagnosis for a Critical Illness or Disease, please reach out to Target for more information or visit the “Target Benefits Forms Library” through the OPPA website for more information.

7. TELADOC – Expert Medical Advice When You Need It

All members with insured benefits have access to Teladoc Health Canada, a service that connects you with expert medical advice and second opinions. Whether you’re seeking clarity on a diagnosis or support navigating treatment options, Teladoc acts as your personal health advocate.

This coverage is also available to your parents and parents in law. Call Teladoc at (877) 419-2378 or visit their website: www. teladochealth.ca

8. Mental Health Support Through Encompas

The Encompas Mental Health and Wellness Program is available to full-time, regular part-time, active, retired, and FXT members (dependants excluded for FXT). Administered by Dalton Associates, this program is 100% confidential. Privacy laws prevent the sharing of any information with either the OPPA or the OPP, preventing any of your personal information from being disclosed.

Our members often are so busy supporting others that we want to remind you to take time for your own self-care also. Whether you are looking for tools to help with a specific situation, support with a diagnosis, simply to get a base line or just to connect with an impartial counsellor, we encourage you to reach out.

Encompas is available 24/7 at (866) 794-9117 or visit their website, www.encompascare.ca for more information.

Stay Informed, Stay Empowered

Being informed about your benefits ensures you and your family get the care and support you need — while maximizing your plan’s value. www.oppa.ca 15

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Your Cottage Opening Checklist

It’s that wonderful time of year when Canadians return to their cottages, cabins and other homes away from home. As you open your cabin or cottage, we have some helpful tips to make sure you get the season off to the right start.

Tips To Consider Before kicking off your shoes and cranking up the music, here’s a handy checklist of things you might want to do as you settle back into cottage life.

• • • •

Check the perimeter of your property. Look for winter damage to the grounds or outside structures, like fences, gazebos, etc., and make a repair list.

Inspect the exterior of your cottage, including the roof, eavestroughs, the state of your deck and other things you might overlook before stepping inside.

Check for possible rodent or insect invasions and other uninvited animal guests, both in and around your cottage.

If you have a basement, head downstairs to ensure there hasn’t been any flooding since you’ve been gone.

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•

• •

• •

See that your water is running correctly and that your water lines are in order. (Even in the summer, no one wants to be caught without hot water.) Little things like checking your water colour and level of pressure can tip you off to potential problems.

Has it been a while since the last time you emptied your septic tank? Get your cottage season off to a fresh start by pumping your tank.

Check to see that all your important cottage-specific insurance documents are up to date. This can include things outside your cabin too, like recreational vehicles, such as boats, RVs, ATVs and bicycles.

Have a tool kit handy. Don’t have one? It doesn’t take too long to prepare your own.

Bug spray is your friend. So is sunscreen. Pack accordingly.

You’ve waited all year to get back to the cottage, and just a little bit of preparation can help you get the most out of your relaxation time.

Please note that discounts may vary by province.

Exclusive discounts for all OPPA members!

Legal The information and examples provided in this section are intended as general information only. This does not constitute legal or insurance advice, nor does it pertain to determination of fault. In all cases, you should speak to an insurance advisor before acting.

Your insurance policy contains limitations and restrictions which vary by province and may affect your coverage and/or determine whether or not benefits will be payable.

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In Unity and Mourning: Law Enforcement Community Gathers to Honour Ontario’s Fallen Officers By: Emily Brown, OPP Association

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n May 4, 2025, members of Ontario’s law enforcement community assembled at Queen’s Park for the Ontario Police Memorial Foundation’s 26th Annual Ceremony of Remembrance to honour the memory of 283 police officers who have died in the line of duty.

with loved ones in uniform, each day begins with hope and ends with prayers for their safe return. Sadly, that is not always the outcome. Since taking office nearly seven years ago, we’ve seen too many names added. It is only by God’s grace there are not more. Today and every day, we are grateful for the bravery and dedication of those who serve.”

Since 1999, the Ontario Police Memorial Foundation has hosted the Annual Ceremony of Remembrance on the first Sunday in May to recognize and pay tribute to these fallen officers. This year, in the heart of downtown Toronto, two additional names were added to the Wall of Honour: Constable Wilford Fairles of the Rainy River Police, who lost his life in 1910, and Constable Craig Town of the Thunder Bay Police Service, who passed away in 2023.

Jenny Hong, widow of Constable Andrew Hong — a Toronto Police officer killed on duty in September 2022 — placed a wreath on behalf of all families who have lost loved ones in service.

Thousands of police officers from across Ontario and Canada, the United States, and Europe, participated in the commemorative event. The ceremony featured a formal march along Queen’s Park Crescent, symbolizing solidarity and remembrance.

The 26th Annual Ceremony began at 10 a.m. with a video presentation and a reading of the Honour Roll.

The official service commenced an hour later at the Ontario Police Memorial.

Premier Doug Ford delivers a heartfelt speech at the Ontario Police Memorial ceremony.

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“This day gives us a moment to come together and reflect on the courage of those who gave their lives serving the people of Ontario,” said Premier Doug Ford. “For families

The names of fallen officers are engraved in granite at the Memorial site — a permanent tribute to their sacrifice.

Solicitor General Michael Kerzner also reflected on the impact of police service in our communities.

“Officers teach us that true strength often lies in vulnerability,” said Kerzner. “Bravery is not uncommon — it surfaces precisely when it’s needed most. Even in the face of immense danger, their courage never falters.”

The two officers commemorated this year exemplified that spirit: • Constable Wilford Fairles, Rainy River Police (1910): Amidst devastating forest fires in Northwestern Ontario in October 1910, Constable Fairles was violently attacked during a period of unrest. He was shot, beaten, and left for dead. Though he was later found and hospitalized, he succumbed to his injuries on December 21, 1910.

• Constable Craig Cameron Town, Thunder Bay Police Service (2023): After being shot in 1991 and left a quadriplegic, Constable Town continued to serve with determination and was awarded a 30-year Exemplary Service Bar in early 2023. Sadly, complications from his injuries led to his death in August 2023.

The Ceremony of Remembrance remains a solemn vow to never forget — affirming that Ontario’s fallen officers will always be remembered as Heroes in Life, Not Death.

The OPP Association Board of Directors attends the 2025 Ontario Police Memorial Foundation. From left to right: Director Mike Adair, President John Cerasuolo, Director Dave Dube, Director Terri Hubbert, Vice President David Sabatini, Director Lynn Neale and Director Rob Jamieson.

Photos: Emily Brown, OPP Association.

OPPA Director and OPMF Vice President Lynn Neale accompanies Ontario Premier Doug Ford at the onset of the formal ceremony.

OPP Commissioner Thomas Carrique, accompanied by his Command Team, leads the march of OPP officers during the Ontario Police Memorial ceremony.

The next generation proudly salutes police officers, honouring their dedication and service.

Numerous Pipe and Drum bands came out to play and march in solidarity with police officers.

Officers from various police services took part in the Ontario Police Memorial, marching on foot and on horseback in a show of unity and respect.

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Where Memories Live and Futures Begin: The Pathway of Memories and Milestones By: Brenda Evans, Chair of Communications and Marketing OPP Youth Foundation

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o you have a memory or milestone that you would like to commemorate? The Ontario Provincial Police Youth Foundation (OPPYF) is here for you.

lasting impact on the OPP. Each Memory Stone offers a unique and enduring reminder of their dedication to our organization and to the communities we serve across Ontario.”

The OPPYF was created in 2005 to assist members of the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) and our retirees to support youth within Ontario who are in need of assistance realize their full potential.

It was determined that a foundation could assist in fundraising activities, provide appropriate accountability, processes and provide the OPP with the opportunity to explore additional opportunities to assist our youth.

A memorable paver stone in honour of slain officer P.C. Marc Hovingh reminds us that Marc was an extremely proud OPP member and that he left a rich legacy in his memory. Lianne Hovingh, Marc’s spouse: “The Pathway of Memories is a beautiful witness to people’s lives, accomplishments, and sacrifices. That funds raised are used to provide funding to support youth in need across the province makes it that much more special. Our family is so grateful that our loved one’s memory stone is part of the legacy rich Pathway of Memories.”

For several years OPPYF members Frank and Ruby Ryder worked diligently to develop their vision to commemorate memories through the installation of stone pavers in front of OPP General Headquarters (GHQ), the “Pathway of Memories” (PoM).

After many consultations and approvals, the inaugural installation and ceremony took place in 2018. To date a total of 663 engraved stones have been laid in front of OPP GHQ. In 2024, it was rebranded to the “Pathway of Memories and Milestones” (PoMM).

A professional landscaping company installs all pavers, and volunteers from the OPPYF perform regular maintenance work. The current cost, which is in the form of a donation, is $300 (minimum) which covers the donated stones, engraving, installation, with all proceeds benefitting OPPYF programs.

The POMM is a main source of income in the delivery of the many programs we offer our youth and every donation helps to make a positive difference for our youth. Donations allow the OPPYF to fund camps for youths at risk and assists in sponsoring many events where our officers are interacting and engaging with youth across the many communities the OPP proudly serves.

Sandy Poredos, OPPYF Executive Director sums up: “The OPP Youth Foundation is honoured to provide you with the opportunity in the Pathway of Memories and Milestones to celebrate your OPP accomplishments, achievements and memories as we continue to work together for the future of our children.”

Commissioner Thomas Carrique has unreservedly endorsed the PoMM: “The Pathway of Memories and Milestones is a meaningful tribute to the individuals and teams who have left a

If you have a memory or milestone that you would like to commemorate, or you just want to support youth in Ontario, check out our website at www.oppyouthfoundation.ca and donate towards this valuable cause.

Guest Speaker Commissioner Thomas Carrique delivers remarks at the 2024 OPPYF Pathway of Memories and Milestones event.

Photos: Jayne van der Veen, OPP Photographer

Honouring a legacy—The Hovingh family at the 2021 OPPYF Pathway of Memories and Milestones event.

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OUT OF COUNTRY COVERAGE ELIGIBLE DEPENDENT STUDENTS STUDYING OUT OF COUNTRY

A QUICK REFERENCE FOR OPPA FAMILIES IN PREPARATION OF HAVING THEIR ELIGIBLE STUDENT DEPENDENT STUDY OUTSIDE OF CANADA The following is a general guideline only and is not intended to be a comprehensive source of information. Members should conduct their own research based on their needs.

1. Determine if an extension to your child’s provincial healthcare plan is required.

The maximum number of days for out of country stays is 212, except QC, PEI, and NU which is 180 days. For stays over the maximum number of days, provincial healthcare extension must be in place. For Ontario residents, visit the Ontario OHIP website for more information.

2. Get familiar with the host country.

There are many things to consider when considering studying abroad. Is a Visa required?

What is the local currency and exchange rate? What is the availability of such things as healthcare and public transportation? Are there safety concerns or travel advisories in place?

Is there a Canadian Embassy or Consulate and where are they located? It is best to research and visit the Government of Canada website for more information on studying out of country.

3. Understand the documentation and insurance requirements of the educational institution.

Each institution will have their own documentation requirements for international students.

4. Review the insurance coverage through your OPPA plan for an eligible dependent student studying outside of Canada.

The Out of Country Coverage At a Glance for Eligible Dependent Students Studying Out of Country provides an overview of health care coverage. Log in as a member on www.oppa.ca and navigate to the Out of Country Coverage/Travel Assistance section under My Benefits.

5. Obtain travel and/or school health insurance.

Whether a minor inconvenience or a major illness or injury, having comprehensive coverage will provide the right medical attention and peace of mind for both parents and children.

Many day-to-day items are not available through the group plan; schools may also have mandatory insurance requirements.

6. Know and share your medical history.

Have a conversation with your child about your family medical history. Share their medical information with them and ensure they have enough maintenance prescription medication for their time abroad.

7. Keep backup copies of all documents in a safe place for reference in an emergency.

Keep copies of your child’s Passport, Health Card, etc. for safekeeping.

8. Provide your child with a copy of your insured benefit information.

Give your child a copy of the Canada Life drug card, travel assistance card, and the Out of Country Coverage At a Glance for Eligible Dependent Students Studying Out of Country.

9. Download and set up the best app with which to communicate with your child.

From video chats to regular posts, WhatsApp, Snapchat and Facebook messenger are just some of the popular apps that keep you connected with your child and their new life abroad.

While we strive for accuracy as much as possible, the information provided is by no means a complete reference on the subject and in no way constitutes a contract nor is binding in any way and can change with reasonable notice.

Contact Target Benefit Administrators for more detailed information specific to your own situation.

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Looking Out from the Black Hole: My Journey Through Depression, PTSD, and Hormone Imbalance By: Sgt Fam Lone, OPP

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accomplishments and hard work. Me—the first in my family to become a sworn police officer in Canada. But nobody told me that twenty years later, I would be incapacitated emotionally, wondering: What is going on with me?

These were just a few of the emotions I experienced on the mental roller coaster I was on. The real concern for me was that I never bought a ticket for this ride—or did I?

Choosing this amazing career, we were never advised that serving the province of Ontario could lead to depression. No one told me it could drag me down a path of darkness, to the point where I didn’t even recognize myself anymore—lost and unrecognizable internally. What have I become? Where do I go from here?

arkness. Loneliness. Sadness. Fatigue. Even the simple act of trying to move a single limb felt like an immense struggle. What am I feeling? Are these the effects—the stagnation—of PTSD and depression? I had never felt anything like this before in my life until now. Why was this happening to me? Is there something wrong with me? Why do I feel so alone?

Graduating with my recruit class at the Ontario Police College, and then again with my academy at the Ontario Provincial Police—saluting the flag, hearing the Canadian national anthem, and being presented with my badge, symbolizing my

I was an ex-pro athlete. I had persevered through so much in my life, yet now I felt stagnant and helpless. Was I failing—as a man and as an officer? No, I wasn’t. I was simply unaware that policing, in general, could impact my mental stability like this. I needed to understand why. I needed to look deep within myself to find the answers. I’ve always been someone who’s self-aware and knows himself well. But now, I was lost. What was causing these feelings I’d never experienced before? Had I failed in my career? Was it something going on at home—with my spouse, my kids, or my friends?

As first responders, we are trained to find a cause of action—a solution to a problem. That’s my nature: to point at something or someone and say, “Ah yes, that’s why I’m like this!” But I realized that for every one finger I pointed outward, there were three others pointing back at me.

I couldn’t avoid it—I had to look inward. Something didn’t feel right in my brain—it wasn’t clear or coherent. Could this be something happening inside of me, rather than something external? Doctors recommended medications, but that caused me concern. I knew they could alter my internal chemical makeup, and I was very apprehensive about taking them. What I was feeling was a loss of response to physical exertion. Weight training didn’t feel the same. I would work out and finish, but it felt like I hadn’t worked out at all. No medication could help with that. I needed to look deeper—literally and figuratively.

I began researching. I requested a full blood panel and specifically asked for my testosterone levels to be checked.

Testosterone? I thought—why? I still functioned sexually; I could get an erection. But then I realized—one had nothing to do with the other.

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Family doctors can take care of basic health concerns, but they don’t always specialize in hormones. Menopause is talked about regularly, but what about men? What about our menopause? If I asked ten men, “Do you know what menopause is?”—most would say yes, maybe even with a joke. But if I asked the same ten men, “Do you know what andropause is?”—maybe one would know the answer. And that’s not good enough. Men need to know.

As teenagers, in our twenties, and often into our thirties, most men have naturally high testosterone levels. But as we age, they decline—not gradually, but sometimes drastically, depending on what life has thrown at us. Played sports? Been in accidents? Had concussions? Did you know each concussion can lower your testosterone production? And what about shift work, elevated cortisol from stress, poor sleep? Being first responders, we’re set up to lose testosterone and with it, balance in our bodies and minds.

My mission now is to help others find that balance—especially first responders. To share this message: Get your blood checked.

Know what’s going on inside you, not just physically but chemically. There might be an answer to why you don’t feel like yourself. I’m not a doctor or a scientist—I’m just a 55-year-old man who suffered, searched for answers, and found a solution without resorting to prescriptions or unhealthy distractions.

Once a hormone specialist can interpret your blood results, a helping hand is within reach.

It took me a year to fully accept that I was hormonally imbalanced. I was in denial—I worked out, ate well, rarely drank alcohol, didn’t smoke. But biology doesn’t care about discipline.

I had to learn the science behind my own body.

If I can give you one piece of advice, it’s this: Do your research.

Know the benefits of balancing your testosterone. Improved mental and physical healing. Less brain fog. Sharper thinking.

Better sleep. Improved libido. Lower risk of heart attack and stroke. Richer, healthier blood flow. These are the internal benefits. But I also strongly recommend you make external changes too: better nutrition, reduced or eliminated alcohol and tobacco use. Why work so hard to improve your health if you’re just going to sabotage it afterward?

I often compare it to gambling: If you work hard all week to save money, but then blow it at a casino on the weekend, where does that leave you? Choosing TRT is like earning that money—don’t waste it on choices that rob you of progress. Yes, there are side effects like potential hair thinning or testicular shrinkage, but these are minor compared to the benefits of restoring balance to your life.

“

If I can give you one piece of

advice, it’s this: Do your research.

Know the benefits of balancing your testosterone. Improved mental and physical healing. Less brain fog. Sharper thinking. Better sleep. Improved libido. Lower risk of heart attack and stroke. Richer, healthier blood flow. These are the internal benefits. But I also strongly recommend you make external changes too: better nutrition, reduced or eliminated alcohol and tobacco use. Why work so hard to improve your health if you’re just going to sabotage it afterward?

”

Men—especially first responders and military personnel—we must learn how our bodies change with age. Nowhere is it written that we can’t maintain hormonal balance similar to when we were in our twenties. You need to know—and be told—that you are not alone. There is help, and it might just bring you peace of mind and improved mental health.

I’m not claiming that testosterone replacement is a magic fix for every mental health struggle—other issues may require other interventions. But if you’ve experienced even some of what I’ve described, please—get your testosterone checked by a hormone specialist.

You might feel like you’re trapped in a black hole, alone, with people throwing down short ropes or pills, thinking they’re helping. Not from me. I’m not looking down at you—I’m standing beside you. Why? Because I’ve been there. And I found a way out.

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Benefits 101

A detailed look at your extended health and dental benefits, one service at a time.

*** CORRECTION NOTICE *** Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Machine Please see below for an updated coverage chart for Ontario: Eligible for Machine Reasonable & ADP Funding Reimbursement through Type Customary Charge Canada Life* CPAP $554 $415.50 $138.50 APAP $554 $415.50 $138.50 BiPAP $950 $712.50 $237.50

*Machines purchased outside of ADP will only be reimbursed up to the eligible amount indicated above.

Coverage for Eligible Dependent Students (between ages 21 and 26) comes to an end on August 31st.

Student Confirmation Form 850 should be submitted by August 31st for the next school year to avoid breaks in coverage.

Always consider submitting an estimate for any health or dental expenses greater than $200. A predetermination decision provides up-front information on what services are eligible and the amount of reimbursement to be expected.

When submitting Group Insurance Forms that include beneficiary updates, sign the form by hand or via verified electronic signature. Digital signatures (using various fonts) are not valid.

Did you know, the FAQ section of the Member Benefit Services website contains many questions and answers to help you navigate your benefit coverage, insurances and life changes.

When to Contact Target Benefit Administrators?

Many member updates may be submitted using a Group Insurance form, all available in the Forms Library within the Member Benefit Services site. If in doubt, have questions, or require additional assistance, call the team at Target. You will also want to contact us for the following:       

Reviewing your insurances and beneficiaries Requesting a statement of current OPP & OPPA Insurances Adding or modifying voluntary coverages such as Life Insurance, Critical Illness or Voluntary AD&D Understanding health and dental coverage and claims process Reviewing Coordination of Benefits and order of payment when covered under more than one plan Claims investigations Updating address (Retirees only; Active members must update through the WIN system or contact OSS)

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Benefits 101

A detailed look at your extended health and dental benefits, one service at a time.

BENEFICIARIES & BENEFICIARY DESIGNATIONS

A beneficiary is a person or organization elected to receive the various proceeds of your estate including life insurance in the event of death. Beneficiaries can be assigned in different ways – by asset or policy, for instance. You may also designate multiple beneficiaries and choose to divide assets between them.

REVOCABLE: IRREVOCABLE:

alternative recipient of a member’s life insurances in case the primary beneficiary on file predeceases the member. If there are more than one primary beneficiary named, a contingent beneficiary becomes payable only if ALL primary beneficiaries predecease the member.

Trustee

main recipient(s) of a member’s life insurances

Contingent

Primary

Types of Beneficiary Designations should be selected when a minor (<18 years of age) is named as a beneficiary to ensure a claim is paid timely. A Trustee will maintain control of the life insurance proceeds on behalf of the minor, so name someone you trust. A trustee SHOULD NOT be a primary beneficiary.

Members can change their beneficiary designations at any time without requiring the previously named beneficiary’s signed release.

Members cannot change their beneficiary designation without the express written consent of the previously named irrevocable beneficiary.

In Quebec, spousal beneficiary designations are always IRREVOCABLE unless otherwise indicated by the member.

Why Designate a Beneficiary?

Prompt distribution of life insurance proceeds upon death Directs life insurance proceeds to the intended recipients Avoid family disagreements/conflict over life insurances Flexibility to customize distribution of insurance proceeds Prevents creditors from claiming life insurance proceeds

If beneficiary designations are NOT made, your Estate becomes the beneficiary. This could mean that family members would have to go through a potentially time consuming and costly process to gain access to your life insurance proceeds upon your death.

When Should Beneficiaries Be Reviewed and/or Updated?

Life can be unpredictable, so beneficiary designations should be reviewed regularly, or at the very least, whenever life changes due to marriages, cohabitations, births, deaths, divorce, or any other major life event which may impact who you designate as your beneficiary(ies).

To review your current primary beneficiary designations, visit the OPPA website at www.oppa.ca, click on Benefits and then “Member Benefit Services - Target Benefits” to request an Insurance Confirmation Statement.

Updating Beneficiary Designations To update beneficiary designations, complete one of the following forms: Form 810 – complete this form to name the same person(s) for ALL insurance policies in place.

Form 900/950 – complete this form to name different people for the different insurance policies in place.

You may name as many beneficiaries as you wish for Primary and Contingent beneficiaries, provided the percentages for each type of beneficiary do not exceed 100%. It is the members’ responsibility to ensure their beneficiary designations for their OPP & OPP Association insurances are up to date. Contact Target Benefit Administrators for questions or assistance.

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Mind the Steps: Navigating the Procedural Duty to Accommodate By: Lisa Thompson, Legal Counsel, Ontario Provincial Police Association

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ften when we think about accommodation in the workplace, our minds turn immediately to the substance of the inquiry; the reasons for requesting an accommodation, and the ultimate accommodation that we would like to achieve. However, it is important to remember that the employer’s duty to accommodate is more than just a substantive duty to implement a reasonable accommodation to the point of undue hardship. The employer also has a procedural duty which should not be overlooked or understated.

The accommodation process is often referred to as a “twoway street” or a “multi-party inquiry” to signify that both the employer and the employee have a role to play in the process of an accommodation inquiry. In this article, we will outline the procedural responsibilities of the employer and the employee when an accommodation is requested or required to ensure the protection of human rights in the workplace. Understanding the employer’s obligations, and your own as an employee, is critical to the process of achieving reasonable accommodation and preserving your rights.

Procedural Duties of the Employer To satisfy the employer’s procedural obligations, the employer’s representatives must meaningfully engage in an accommodation request, act with reasonable speed having regard to the specific circumstances of the case and carefully consider the options for accommodation.

In application, meaningful engagement means that the employer must ensure open lines of communication, explore the needs of the employee and ask clarifying questions. For instance, in the case of a disability related accommodation, the employer should strive to obtain all relevant information about the employee’s disability, their ability to perform job duties and their capabilities for alternative work. While the Employer is not entitled to know the employee’s diagnosis, it is entitled to sufficient information to understand the limitations and restrictions.

If an employer fails to meet the procedural requirements of the duty to accommodate, it is possible this failure could be considered a form of discrimination in itself. To quote the caselaw, failure to meet the procedural requirements “denies the affected person the benefit of what the law requires: a recognition of the obligation not to discriminate and to act in such a way as to ensure that discrimination does not take place…. When the failure to conduct an appropriate assessment has its own

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adverse consequences, there exists discrimination for which the complainant has an independent right to a remedy.” Lane v.

ADGA Group Consultants Inc., 2007 HRTO 34 (CanLII)

What is the Duty to Inquire?

One aspect of the employer’s procedural duties in accommodation is the “duty to inquire”, meaning that where the Employer is aware or ought reasonably to be aware of a potential need for accommodation, the employer must inquire with the employee about whether an accommodation is necessary.

As such, the trigger of an employer’s procedural obligations in the accommodation process will not always be an explicit accommodation request from the employee.

The practical implications of the duty to inquire means an employer should be proactive and reasonably attuned to the needs of their employees. These inquiries could be triggered by observations of the employer, or in discussions with the employee about difficulties or struggles an employee experiencing and which is impacting their ability to perform duties.

For example, if the employer noticed (or ought reasonably have noticed) a change in an employee’s behavior, struggles with performance, or intermittent absences, the employer should make reasonable inquiries with the employee about potential accommodation needs in a sensitive and confidential manner.

In keeping with the procedural obligations, the employer must create a safe and inclusive opportunity for the employee to disclose the potential need for accommodation, gather information sufficient to understand the employee’s needs and, if an accommodation is needed, consider the options available.

Procedural Obligations of the Employee An employee must be an active participant in the accommodation process, whether the process is triggered by a formal request by the employee or the result of a reasonable inquiry from the employer.

The procedural obligation of the employee in an accommodation process or inquiry is often referred to as a “duty to cooperate”.

An employee must meaningfully engage in the process, clearly communicate their needs, and respond to reasonable requests from the Employer for further or clarifying information.

For example, in a disability related accommodation inquiry, the employee may be required to provide reliable and objective

medical information about the restrictions or limitations related to the disability.

into an employee’s need for accommodation is given proper consideration and that the member is not adversely impacted.

In considering the options for accommodation, an employee must be open-minded and must carefully consider or identify potential accommodation options, even if the option is not one that the employee ultimately prefers. If an employee chooses not to meaningfully participate, the Employer is not obligated to continue the accommodation process in absence of employee participation.

Communication is key. If an employee has a specific accommodation need, it would be preferable to communicate this need clearly to the employer.

Conclusion In short, communication is key. The procedural duty of accommodation, as a multi-party inquiry, protects against snap judgments or arbitrary decision making. The obligation to engage in this procedural analysis promotes careful assessments so that the parties may properly determine the appropriate accommodation, if any. It aims to ensure that the inquiry

How Can the OPP Association Help Each accommodation inquiry is a unique process dependent on the specific circumstances. The Association can play a pivotal role in the accommodation process to help ensure that the employer is engaging in a proper procedural and substantive assessment based on the individual facts and needs of the member.

Association representatives are here to support you in achieving a fair accommodation, and to help navigate the process and your procedural obligation to co-operate. If you have questions or concerns about an accommodation need or process, we encourage you to reach out to your Association representative.

Canada’s Wonderland Family Day hosted by the OPPA August 5 Greg Pierzchala Memorial Charity Golf Tournament August 14 Pathway of Memories and Milestones Dedication Ceremony September 8 Canadian Police and Peace Officers’ Memorial September 28 Invisible Wounds Conference • www.invisible-wounds.ca October 6 & 7 Badge of Life Canada Event • www.badgeoflifecanada.org Oct 15-17 OPPA AGM October 20-24 Visit oppa.ca/events for more details

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Supporting Families Above and Beyond When a member experiences a tragic event leading to an Accidental Death or Dismemberment (AD&D) claim, the impact on their loved ones can be overwhelming—both emotionally and financially.

In these difficult times, it’s important to know there are additional benefits available beyond the AD&D lump sum. These ancillary benefits are designed to ease the burden that families may face in the aftermath of an accident.

ANCILLARY BENEFITS ARE PART OF A BROADER COMMITMENT TO CARING FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY

H OW TO ACC E S S T H E S E B E N E F I T S ?

The process for accessing ancillary benefits is designed to be straightforward:

W H AT A R E T H E A D D I T I O N A L B E N E F I T S ?

1. Contact Target Benefit Administrators to start the AD&D claim process.

The OPPA AD&D policy includes almost 30 ancillary benefits available to assist families with expenses that may arise following a loss or serious injury.

2. Notice of Claim will be submitted to Sutton. Any applicable ancillary benefits will be reviewed with the member or member’s family once the AD&D claim has been assessed.

The most common benefits include:

3. Documentation or proof of payment may be needed. Sutton typically asks for proof of payment related to the specific benefit being claimed. For example: - Funeral home invoices for the Funeral Benefit - Child care receipts for the Day Care Benefit - Counselling receipts for the Bereavement Benefit

Funeral Benefit - Assists with funeral expenses after an accidental death.

Day Care Benefit - Helps cover child care costs for dependent children.

Bereavement Benefit - Provides support for counselling or mental health services for surviving family members.

ANCILLARY BENEFITS OFFER MEANINGFUL SUPPORT DURING A PROFOUNDLY DIFFICULT TIME

Visit the OPPA Members website (www.oppa.ca) to access additional information on your AD&D coverage and to see the full list of ancillary benefits available. If you have questions about coverage or a claim, contact Target Benefits at 1-888-660-6055 or target@wlvinc.com. Together, we’ll ensure eligible benefits are processed quickly and with care. www.oppa.ca 35

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