Test bank for methods in behavioral research 14th edition paul cozby scott bates 2

Test Bank for Methods in Behavioral Research, 14th Edition, Paul Cozby, Scott Bates

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Chapter 06 Test Bank 1. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior?

A. Quantitative research draws conclusions based on interpretations of the investigator, whereas conclusions in qualitative research are based upon statistical analysis of data.

B. Quantitative research focuses on people describing their world in their own words, whereas qualitative research focuses on people describing their experiences under experimental conditions.

C. Quantitative research emphasizes collecting information from a few individuals, whereas qualitative research emphasizes collecting data from a higher number of individuals.

D. Qualitative research focuses on people behaving in natural settings, whereas quantitative research focuses on specific behaviors that can be easily counted.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior.

Topic: Qualitative Approach Topic: Quantitative Approach

2. When the conclusions of research are based on the interpretations of the investigator, ________ research has likely been employed. However, if the conclusions are based upon statistical analysis of data, ________ research has likely been employed.

A. quantitative; qualitative B. nonobservational; observational C. observational; nonobservational D. qualitative; quantitative APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior.

Topic: Qualitative Approach Topic: Quantitative Approach

3. Dr. Baumgartner wants to study how a group of fourth-graders spends time on different daily activities. He asks the children to indicate the amount of time they spend per day watching television, playing video games, and studying. This type of data gathering is an example of a(n) ________ approach to describing behavior.

A. intrinsic B. extrinsic C. qualitative D. quantitative APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior.

Topic: Qualitative Approach Topic: Quantitative Approach

4. A researcher wants to gather information on citizens' reactions to the local government's decision to construct a new airport in their neighborhood.

The researcher gathers groups of citizens and asks them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed airport. This type of data gathering can be referred to as a(n) ________ approach to describing behavior.

A. quantitative B. qualitative C. intrinsic D. extrinsic APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior.

Topic: Qualitative Approach

5. If you ask teenagers to describe the behaviors of their parents that most upset them, you would be using a(n) ________ approach to data collection.

A. quantitative B. archival

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C. experimental D. qualitative APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior.

Topic: Qualitative Approach

6. When Mrs. Gonzalez asks elementary school children to indicate the number of books they had borrowed from the school library during the past month, what type of observational method is she using?

A. experimental B. qualitative C. questionable D. quantitative APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior.

Topic: Quantitative Approach

7. The goal of naturalistic observation is to A. conduct research in experimental rather than real environments.

B. provide a complete and accurate picture of what occurred in a setting.

C. test hypotheses formed prior to a study.

D. get quick answers to theoretical questions.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

8. In ________, the researcher makes observations of individuals in their natural environments.

A. naturalistic observation B. observational learning C. environmental research D. laboratory experimentation APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

9. ________ observation is sometimes called field work or simply field observation.

A. Systematic B. Naturalistic C. Archival D. Experimental APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

10. Dr. Liu participates in a police ride-along program in order to examine the day-to-day activities of police officers. This method of gathering information is best described as A. experimental analysis.

B. naturalistic observation.

C. survey.

D. archival study.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply

6-2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

11. The best research method for testing the hypothesis that male elephants are more socially dominant than female elephants in the wild would be A. naturalistic observation.

B. experimental analysis.

C. case study.

D. archival research.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

12. Anastasia is interested in studying the parental behaviors displayed by sea turtles. She spends three months scuba diving off the Mexican coast, observing and recording the range of behaviors the sea turtles display. This research method can be categorized as A. content analysis.

B. naturalistic observation.

C. archival research.

D. experimental analysis.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

13. The data in naturalistic observation studies are primarily ________ in nature.

A. qualitative B. objective C. quantitative D. disruptive APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

14. A good naturalistic observation report will support the analysis by using A. correlational analysis.

B. only qualitative data.

C. multiple confirmations.

D. only quantitative data.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

15. In the context of participation and concealment, concealed observation A. is more reactive than nonconcealed observation.

B. is preferable from an ethical viewpoint.

C. may lead to an invasion of privacy of the participants at times.

D. may influence and alter the behavior of those being observed.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Participant Observation

16. Which of the following is true of nonconcealed observation?

A. It has less influence on the participants than concealed observation.

B. It is less reactive than concealed observation.

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C. It excuses the observer from giving informed consent about the research study.

D. It is more preferable than concealed observation from an ethical viewpoint.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Participant Observation

17. Tracy wants to study the different behavioral patterns displayed by the members of her organization through naturalistic participant observation.

Which of the following will be true of her study?

A. She will most likely use quantitative statistical data rather than qualitative data.

B. She is unlikely to be biased, and her conclusions will be free of subjectivity.

C. She might lose the objectivity required to conduct scientific observation.

D. She will not be able to support the results of her study with multiple confirmations.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation Topic: Participant Observation

18. If zoologists want to study how tigers interact with each other in their habitats, which research method will they most likely use?

A. archival research B. experimental analysis C. content analysis D. naturalistic observation APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

19. Which of the following is an advantage of conducting naturalistic observation?

A. It can be used to study all issues or phenomena.

B. It allows for studying well-defined hypotheses under precisely specified conditions.

C. It can be used to provide a complete and accurate picture of what occurred in a setting.

D. The process of analysis that follows the completion of such research is simple.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

20. Naturalistic observation is less useful than other research methods for A. developing theories based on observation.

B. studying well-defined hypotheses under precisely specified conditions.

C. investigating complex social settings.

D. making observations in a natural setting over an extended period of time.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

21. Naturalistic observation cannot be used to A. provide a complete picture of what occurred in a setting.

B. develop theories based on the observations of other research studies.

C. investigate complex social settings.

D. study all issues or phenomena.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand

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Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation

22. Television documentaries in which wildlife filmmakers record private moments of animals in their natural environments (and in which the animals can see the documentarians) are an example of A. nonconcealed observation.

B. archival studies.

C. experimental research.

D. content analysis.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation Topic: Participant Observation

23. ________ refers to the careful observation of one or more specific behaviors in a particular setting.

A. Experimental analysis B. Archival research C. Content analysis D. Systematic observation APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Systematic Observation

24. A major difference between systematic observation and naturalistic observation is that systematic observation A. employs concealed observation, whereas naturalistic observation employs nonconcealed observation.

B. studies behavior in a natural setting, whereas naturalistic observation does not.

C. is much more global than naturalistic observation research.

D. involves the observation of specific behaviors in specific settings, unlike naturalistic observation, which involves observation of even unspecified behaviors.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Naturalistic Observation Topic: Systematic Observation

25. Which of the following is true of systematic observation?

A. It includes descriptions of observations but excludes statistical summaries of observations.

B. It is more effective than field observation when studying organisms in a natural environment.

C. It is much less global than naturalistic observation research.

D. It is ineffective in studying well-defined hypotheses under specified conditions.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Systematic Observation

26. Data in systematic observation studies are most likely to be A. quantifiable.

B. qualitative.

C. hypothetical.

D. nonempirical.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Systematic Observation

27. A researcher codes a specific list of nonverbal behaviors of married couples in her office while they are discussing child-rearing methods. The

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method of study used in this scenario is A. survey.

B. systematic observation.

C. naturalistic observation.

D. an experiment.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Coding Systems

28. Julia observes a child's behavior when the child is allowed to view violent cartoons. She codes the child's behavior every 30 seconds based on the number of times the child hits, kicks, or slaps another child. This observational technique can best be described as ________ observation.

A. archival B. naturalistic C. systematic D. random APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Coding Systems Topic: Systematic Observation

29. A researcher tries to understand the aggressive driving behaviors of drivers by observing specific honking patterns and hand gestures displayed by those drivers and then quantifying each of those behaviors. This is an example of ________ observation.

A. archival B. concealed C. qualitative D. systematic APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Systematic Observation

30. In the context of systematic observation, the use of hidden cameras to record the license plate numbers of drivers who fail to obey traffic signals can result in A. lesser reliability.

B. reduced reactivity.

C. increased reactance.

D. greater reliability.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Reactivity Topic: Systematic Observation

31. Roberto bullies his younger brother in the absence of his parents. However, when his parents are around, he is very affectionate toward his brother. In this scenario, Roberto's behavior best exemplifies A. proximity.

B. reliability.

C. contiguity.

D. reactivity.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Reactivity Topic: Systematic Observation

32. In the context of systematic observation, which methodological issue refers to the possibility that the presence of the observer will affect the

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behaviors of those being observed?

A. reactivity B. contiguity C. validity D. reliability APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Reactivity Topic: Systematic Observation

33. In a systematic observation study, two different people use the same coding system to analyze the same videotape. The level of agreement between the two observers is then determined. Which methodological issue in systematic observation does this activity address?

A. sampling B. reliability C. validity D. reactivity APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Reliability Topic: Systematic Observation

34. When conducting systematic observation, two or more raters are usually used to code behavior. In this case, high reliability is indicated by A. less reactivity among the raters.

B. high agreement among the participants.

C. high agreement among the raters.

D. less reactivity among the participants.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Reliability Topic: Systematic Observation

35. Daniela and Alicia are conducting a systematic observation study on children's aggressive behavior in playgrounds. Daniela concludes that boys display more aggressive behaviors than do girls, whereas Alicia concludes the opposite. Which methodological issue would be of most concern in this study?

A. reliability B. validity C. sampling bias D. reactivity APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

Topic: Reliability Topic: Systematic Observation

36. A researcher examines the accounting records of Noren Corporation for the past five years and forms a detailed description of their practices in order to determine why the company filed for bankruptcy. This research method can be regarded as an example of A. systematic observation.

B. a case study.

C. a field experiment.

D. concealed observation.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

Topic: Case Studies

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37. The observational method that provides a detailed description of an individual is called A. systematic observation.

B. a field experiment.

C. concealed observation.

D. a case study.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

Topic: Case Studies

38. Ravi records his observations of a patient suffering from binge eating disorder. He does this for a period of 12 months, and now he has a thorough analysis of the behaviors and patterns associated with the patient's binge eating disorder. This is an example of a(n) A. field experiment.

B. case study.

C. archival research study.

D. meta-analysis.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

Topic: Case Studies

39. Case studies are most useful for studying A. large populations.

B. rare or unusual conditions.

C. cognitive variables.

D. persistent questions.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

Topic: Case Studies

40. Which of the following is an accurate statement about case studies?

A. Case studies do not necessarily involve naturalistic observation.

B. Case studies are not useful in providing descriptions of individuals.

C. Case studies do not overlap with naturalistic observation.

D. Case studies are not useful for examining rare or unusual events.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

Topic: Case Studies

41. A ________ is a type of case study in which a researcher applies psychological theory to explain the life of an individual.

A. statistical case study B. panel analysis C. psychobiography D. systematic biography APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

Topic: Case Studies

42. A researcher examines the life of a serial killer. The researcher collects letters and interviews of the serial killer and applies theories of personality to understand the serial killer's behaviors and motives. This research approach is an example of A. field work.

B. a systematic biography.

C. a psychobiography.

D. an experimental study.

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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

Topic: Psychobiography

43. The research approach in which the researcher does not actually collect original data but analyzes existing data is called A. archival research.

B. a field experiment.

C. a psychobiography.

D. statistical reporting.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research

44. Salma studies historical data published by the United States Census Bureau to determine if there has been an increase in the population of African Americans in the United States over the past decade. This study is an example of a(n) A. field experiment.

B. psychobiography.

C. archival research study.

D. naturalistic observation study.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research

45. A researcher wants to test the assertion that in comparison to female politicians, male politicians in the 20th century were involved in a greater number of fraud cases. Which will be the most suitable observation method in this scenario?

A. survey B. naturalistic observation C. archival research D. field experiment APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research

46. Harvey examines baseball records to determine whether National League teams who play the final game of the World Series at home lose more often than American League teams. Which of the following archival research approaches is Harvey using in this scenario?

A. anthropological data B. self-report C. survey archives D. statistical records APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research Topic: Statistical Records

47. To determine if more building permits are issued in the northern part of a city than in its southern part, Chang examines the number of building permits issued in both parts of the city over the past five years. Which of the following archival research approaches is being used by Chang?

A. statistical records B. survey archives C. field experiments D. case studies APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

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Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research Topic: Statistical Records

48. Survey archives are beneficial because they A. help researchers to explain the life of an individual.

B. help in examining specific behaviors of an individual.

C. are useful for examining rare or unusual events.

D. allow researchers to save time and money in collecting data.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research Topic: Survey Archives

49. A researcher wants to understand if people's age and religious affiliations are related to political conservatism. To do so, he analyzes data available on the Inter University Consortium for Political and Social Research. In this case, which type of research approach is employed by the researcher?

A. survey archive B. participant observation C. field experiment D. case study APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research Topic: Survey Archives

50. Julie, a researcher, analyzed data from the National Science Foundation (NSF) General Social Survey to examine the relationship between education and job satisfaction. This research approach may be best categorized as having used A. systematic observation.

B. a survey archive.

C. naturalistic observation.

D. content analysis.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Survey Archives

51. A researcher studies letters to the editor of a magazine to assess community attitudes. The research method used in this scenario can be regarded as having used A. survey archives.

B. statistical records.

C. case studies.

D. written records.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Written and Mass Communication Records

52. In a cross-cultural study on the topic of mortality, Vladimir examined anthropologists' descriptions of different cultural beliefs on the subject of life after death. Which archival approach has he most likely made use of?

A. survey reports B. written records C. self-reports D. statistical records APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

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Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Written and Mass Communication Records

53. Dr. Michael examines the messages displayed on Internet bulletin boards in order to study whether males and females differ in the way they describe themselves when interacting with others. What type of archival research data is Dr. Michael using?

A. video observation B. written records C. survey archives D. statistical records APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Written and Mass Communication Records

54. In the context of archival research, ________ are documents such as diaries and letters that have been preserved by historical societies.

A. statistical records B. survey archives C. verbal statements D. written records APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Written and Mass Communication Records

55. Martha analyzes the Facebook posts of all the members of her Facebook group. She tries to monitor the changes in the mood of her group members by reading the posts published by them in the morning and in the evening. Which of the following is a type of archival research source that is used by Martha?

A. psychobiography B. survey archives C. case study D. mass communication records APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Written and Mass Communication Records

56. The systematic analysis of existing documents is known as A. transactional analysis.

B. content analysis.

C. case study.

D. quantitative research.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Difficulty Level: Easy Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Content Analysis

57. Content analysis and systematic observation are similar because both A. depend on qualitative data.

B. require concealed participation.

C. are forms of laboratory experiments.

D. require researchers to devise coding systems.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Content Analysis Topic: Systematic Observation

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58. Dr. Gong has developed a coding system for aggressive behaviors displayed in comic books. She had her assistants read comic books published between 1980 and 1984 and record the number of aggressive acts displayed in each comic. She also had her assistants read comic books published between 1985 and 1989 and record the number of aggressive acts displayed in them. This approach to studying aggressive behavior may best be categorized as A. naturalistic observation.

B. a cohort study.

C. content analysis.

D. survey research.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Content Analysis

59. Luis studies a newspaper's attitude toward candidates for the position of Police Chief by counting the number of positive and negative comments attributed to each candidate and creating a coding system that rates each comment on a scale he developed. Luis's research approach is an example of A. a psychobiography.

B. naturalistic observation.

C. content analysis.

D. survey archive.

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Content Analysis

60. A film director wants to know how well his new movie has been received by the general public. He analyzes the comments made on Twitter, online news articles, blogs, and other Internet forums about his movie. Which of the following is a type of archival research source used by the film director?

A. self-reports B. statistical records C. mass communication records D. survey archives APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Difficulty Level: Hard Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Written and Mass Communication Records

61. Two researchers studied the relationship of positive emotions and longevity by examining the smile intensity of major league players in photographs from the past and comparing it to their age at the time of death. This research method can be regarded as an example of A. a psychobiography.

B. archival research.

C. case study.

D. naturalistic observation.

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research

62. What is true of archival data?

A. Archival data are a valuable supplement to more traditional data collection methods.

B. The advantage of archival data is that the desired records can be easily obtained.

C. Archival data provide the most accurate information for researchers.

D. The use of archival data does not allow researchers to study interesting questions.

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Difficulty Level: Medium Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

Topic: Archival Research

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Test Bank for Methods in Behavioral Research, 14th Edition, Paul Cozby, Scott Bates

Category # of Questions Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 62 APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 26 APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 11 APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 25 Blooms: Apply 22 Blooms: Remember 14 Blooms: Understand 26 Difficulty Level: Easy 14 Difficulty Level: Hard 22 Difficulty Level: Medium 26 Learning Objective: Compare quantitative and qualitative methods of describing behavior.

6 Learning Objective: Describe archival research and the sources of archival data: statistical records, survey archives, and written records.

20 Learning Objective: Describe naturalistic observation and discuss methodological issues such as participation and concealment. 16 Learning Objective: Describe systematic observation and discuss methodological issues such as the use of equipment, reactivity, reliability, and sampling.

13 Learning Objective: Describe the features of a case study.

7 Topic: Qualitative Approach 5 Topic: Archival Research 9 Topic: Case Studies 6 Topic: Coding Systems 2 Topic: Content Analysis 4 Topic: Naturalistic Observation 15 Topic: Participant Observation 4 Topic: Psychobiography 1 Topic: Quantitative Approach 4 Topic: Reactivity 3 Topic: Reliability 3 Topic: Statistical Records 2 Topic: Survey Archives 3 Topic: Systematic Observation 13 Topic: Written and Mass Communication Records 6

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