IFRC SRU SD HFH AM Steel innovation for low-middle income

TWO INNOVATIVE STEEL INTENSIVE HOUSING SOLUTIONS FOR LOW TO MIDDLE HOUSEHOLDS IN ROMANIA

Casa Buna Mansard Extension & Thermal Rehab

FAMILY SELECTION HOUSING VULNERABILITIES, NEEDS & DEMAND Habitat for Humanity partners with low income households who reside in inadequate housing conditions, who are willing to partner – share the load.

HFH use SDA construction principles: Simple – in design that meets the needs and some of the aspirations of the family Decent – a home that creates and environment for life with dignity, comfort, privacy, is healthy & safe, durable. A home to be proud of and a welcome inheritance.

Affordable – the capital cost and running of the home will not result in the family compromising other basic needs; education, health, food and nutrition, leisure, etc.

A STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP APPROACH

• housing need and demand consultation with families/communities in need • direct engineering and resource partnership in Romania where both ArcelorMittal and Habitat for Humanity are present • volunteer engagement through technical and physical volunteer work of ArcelorMittal staff and Global Village volunteers • development of steel-based solutions to meet HFH ‘Simple Decent Affordable’ housing strategy

THE ROMANIAN CONTEXT

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housing solunion has to be adequate for climatic & seismic conditions in Romania

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energy-efficient & comfortable: continental climate with cold winters hot summers

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meet HFH Housing Quality Standards and Romanian Building Codes and Norms

Habitat for Humanity Europe & Central Asia

WHY STEEL? Concrete and timber framing used: • internal review of building materials and home performance • cut down on building waste – depending on partner families and volunteers, up to 20% timber waste • need to simplify the construction process & margin for error • reduce construction timeframe Steel option offered: • life cycle analysis of steel demonstrated a improved energy and resource consumption in HFH/AM improved design • volunteer friendly…volunteer proof technology • steel components sized prior to arrival on site • fixings and connection points colour coded by HFH staff • significant steel industry in Romania • country wide availability - where HFH have an active programme

CASA BUNA CHALLENGE

! To develop a housing solution that offers low to middle income Romanian households affordable, comfortable, energy efficient housing.

! An innovative, supported self-build, steel solution for affordable, energy efficient housing in Romania.

DESIGNED WITH FAMILIES

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HFH partner families participate in the design, build and buy their own home

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HFH offer affordable nonprofit mortgage and value ‘sweat equity’ build hours

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APPROVED BY MUNICIPAL BUILDING CONTROL

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non-profit affordable design – €380/m2 v €650/m2 average for commercial development 54

CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE FITS WITH THE HOUSEHOLDS EXISTING COMMITMENTS Building Casa Buna 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

TOTAL = 3,858 person hours Foreman 360 hours (supervising, coordinating, bill of materials, etc) Steel structure installers 1176 hours (installment of steel structure, including bracing, bolts) Metallic tiles installers 116 hours (installment of metallic tiles, including pipes and gutters) Gypsum band installer 515 hours (installment of complete gipsum board- ceiling, walls- profile and boarg) Electricians 56 hours Plumbing 16 hours 54 Mason (thermo system) 155 hours (installment of thermosystem - EPS 10 cm + sandblast+paint) Carpenter (OSB, packet) 564 hours (installment of OSB for floors and walls, kitchen furniture, ridge of roof profile) House painter 283 hours (closing gipsum board and painting three layers) Window installers, flashings, doors, mineral walls 420 hours Miscellanous 187 hours FAMILY SWEAT EQUITY DEDUCT 500 hours

Total construction time - 12 site personnel +/+/- 8 weeks.

BUILT BY PARTNER FAMILIES AND VOLUNTERS • •

volunteer-friendly self-build design – HFH homes are largely built by non-construction/professional volunteers supported self-build

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OWNED BY HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES

• offer use flexibility - e.g. internal partitioning, external envelope aspect • design options depending of family needs • 27, 54, 81 m2 options

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FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITY

ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN North

Space heating energy consumption calculation

Casa Buna

Average consumption 5959-67 kwh/m2 a

A1 A2 A4 A3

Structure 150 x 60 cold rolled steel structure Externally 12mm OSB cladding •80mm extruded polystyrene boards/sheets •5 x 5 mm mesh, nylon netting •2 x 2.5mm stucco weather-proof finish coat Internally •100mm glass wool insulation(in steel frame cavity void) •25 x 50 mm horizontal counter brackets/ battens •12mm drywall (plaster board) •2mm skim coat (finishing plaster) 2 coats emulsion

Consumption Kw/m2year Apartment Bucharest Bacau county A1 65 74 A2 65 72 A3 53 61 A4 53 62 Average 59 67

STEEL BASED SOLUTIONS – AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE •

light gauge steel framing made of cold-formed steel profiles – superstructure, roof covering, integrated rainwater systems

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a dimensionally stable, consistent quality, reliable material, resistant to natural pressures including termites, hurricanes, earthquakes

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light structures, hence reduced foundations and strong light roofing solution

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dry and clean construction works, reduced construction waste, quick assembly & steel is 100% recyclable

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better control of thermal and acoustic performance, due to precise workshop preparation

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supported self-build technology, allowing families to take control of their housing needs - self built, builds capacity

to self maintain

MORE WORK NEEDED

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continued struggle to access suitable land– advocate for the marginalized

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fluctuation of steel prices – build in alternative contingency measures

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additional marketing needed to achieve an improved economy of scale

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significant interest outside of Romania – which markets? What demand by the low-middle income?

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formal training and certification requirement – to support low/middle income families/builders to be recognized for their contribution and acquired skills

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longer contingency in the construction schedule to accommodate inclement weather

Casa Buna

WHAT WORKED WELL! •

Significant reduction in building waste

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Reduction in foundation, utility connection & transport costs

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Reduced construction timeframe - traditional materials can take up to 8 months

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Following much negotiations, full support of municipal building control department

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Steel framing knowledge learned and retained by HFH Staff, volunteers and partner families

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Reduced fuel/energy bills for families when compared to old/former homes

SOME RESULTS

2012 PLAN

Mansard Roof Extension and Thermal Rehab Pilot

MOINESTI ROMANIA, HOUSING VULNERABILITY, NEEDS AND DEMAND • multi-generational households, sub-division of land and homes • shortage of housing and no affordable new stock/ developments for low – middle income • no suitable land for housing in the local area • poor thermal performance/ quality of multi unit apartment blocks • owners of existing stock cannot afford to renovate and repair homes • deterioration of the existing housing stock

THE NEED FOR CREATIVITY • mansard extensions are occasionally found in Romania, generally by developers or owner associations for profit • thermal rehabilitations are on the increase due to increasing fuel/energy costs • the opportunity was identified for the exchange of the ‘rooftop’ real state’, for thermal renovation and renewed sewage system renewal • structural survey completed to assess load bearing capacity of existing structure • utility carrying capacity assessed • social infrastructure assessed to determine impact of 8 additional families – schooling, medical facilities, market, green outdoor recreational areas Date:

• consultation with all existing 27 and 8 new families – plant the seeds

MANSARD EXTENSION DESIGN

THE SUPERSTRUCTURE

EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED… • 10 cm concrete screed + 30 cm slag insulation • nothing square, parallel, perpendicular • 15 cm variance in roof slab level • adjusting steel to ‘fit’ the existing structure • never assume the weather • perseverance prevails • marginally behind schedule • weather tight for winter • steel superstructure strengthening, durable • new apartments mirror existing

Date:

PROGRESS TO AUGUST 2011

TWO INNOVATIVE HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Tackling to 2 main aspects of poverty housing: housing: 1. The poor quality of the existing stock 2. The shortage in the existing stock Supporting disaster risk reduction through: through: Fortification of existing stock Improving thermal performance and comfort in the home Reducing health risk through improved sanitation New construction build in reduced risk locations Technology meets and exceeds local building codes Merge risk reduction , and response with long term development HQS Housing Micro Finance following the response phase – concept stage

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Comments and queries encouraged and welcome.

Robin W .Black Associate Director, Construction Design & Technology, Disaster Response Habitat for Humanity International Europe & Central Asia rblack@habitat.org