GLOBAL PUBLIC RETAIL MARKET CASE STUDIES

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CASE STUDIES

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CASE 01: NAIROBI CITY MARKET

1.0: BACKGROUND INFORMATION:

1.3: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND INCEPTION According to Business Daily Africa, July 2016, the idea of a municipal market in Nairobi was discussed as early as April 16th 1900 when the Nairobi Municipal Regula ons were published.

Nairobi City Market was planned to accommodate only Europeans.

Jeevanjee decided to build a market for all in 1904 at a cost of 100,000 rupees along Monrovia Street (formerly Gulzar Street).

Jeevanjee market was located between Muindi Mbingu Street (formerly Steward Street) and Koinange Street (formerly Sadler Street).

By the 1920S, Nairobi was rapidly developing and the need for a new, modern design municipal market rose. Juvanjee Market was pulled down and replaced by a new market along Muindu Mbingu Street, now known as Nairobi City Market.

Loca on: Nairobi CBD, Kenya, East Africa, Africa Client: Nairobi City Council Architect: Not established Contractor: Not established Management: City Council of Nairobi Year of Construc on: 1932 Cost of Construc on: Not established Built Area: 7,030 M2 Nairobi City Market Source: <h p://buildesign.co.ke/tag/nairobi-city-market/> Retrieved: 17/05/21

Nairobi City Market receives about 20,000 visitors per month, most of whom are wholesale customers purchasing for small restaurants or planned households.

1.1: LOCATION:

1.7: SITE LAYOUT

Nairobi City Market Source: <h p://buildesign.co.ke/tag/nairobi-city-market/> Retrieved: 17/05/21

1.4: FORM AND BUILDING MATERIALS

The site of the project is in an urban se ng, this means that land had to be u lised fully while keeping in mind vehicular roads that lead around the building. This also meant that the market had to be as flexible as possible to serve many purposes that may arise within a region of many occupants.

City Market and the parking lot at Market Plaza were gaze ed as a na onal monument in April 2009, meaning no development can take place without the direct authority of the Na onal Museums of Kenya.

The main hall has a pyramidal form made possible by the use of reinforced concrete arches.

The upper eleva ons feature large glazed steel casements windows, some of which are pivoted and operated by a series of steel cables and pulleys for natural ligh ng and ven la on.

The main building houses several shops including grocery shops, florists, butcheries, and curio shops, most of which date back to 1940s.

The market has four sec ons. The first sec on is the curio sector displaying Kenyan culture and artefacts.

The second sec on is the butcher sector, selling fresh meat and fish.

The third sec on is the food stalls sec on selling roast meant, while the fourth sec on is the flowers sector selling fresh flowers for all occassions.

The ground floor of the market has fish and meat stands with rented fridges flanking the main building. Also located on the ground floor are fruits and vegetable vendors. Florists are located in the open-air space and along the street.

The second floor is a major a rac on for toursits. It has curio shop stands majorly selling animal replicas such as lions, rhinos, elephants and buffalo statues made from hardwoods. The sculptures are detailed and take several months to curve.

1.8: PRODUCTS

The market's walls are constructed using reinforced concrete parabolic arches with stone infilling to the lower eleva ons Map of Africa Highligh ng the Loca on of Kenya Map of Kenya Highligh ng Nairobi County Source:h ps://www.mapsland.com/africa/kenya/deta Source:h ps://sc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_C iled-loca on-map-of-kenya-in-africa ounty_loca on_map.png Retrieved: 18/05/2021 Retrieved: 18/05/21

Map of Nairobi County Highligh ng the Central Business District Source:h ps://sc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_C ounty_loca on_map.png Retrieved: 18/05/2021

Nairobi City Market has an ornate roof shaped like a hangar, making it look more like an airport structure in comparison to Nairobi's skyscrapers.

Nairobi City Market is located along Muindi Mbingu Street in Nairobi Central Business District (CBD). The market is on the junc on of Muindi Mbingu Street and Market Road, near Koinange Street.

The Kenya-Uganda railway line ran along Loita Street, making City Market a convenient selling point. In 1940s, the railway line was relocated making it cumbersome to transport bulky fresh produce to the market.

Interior of Nairobi City Market Source: <h p://www.surrealstudios.co.ke/designing-the-modern-city-market/> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

The floors are finished in a variety of granite and terrazzo with cement screed to the lower-level stalls at the rear.

The exterior of City Market has been used historically for signage. It has a mural on the biashara street side depic ng elec on malprac ces and vo ng procedure during general elec ons.

The rear of the structure is covered in Mangalore led roof to save on costs and conserve energy.

Map of Nairobi County Highligh ng the Central Business District Source:h ps://sc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nairobi_County_loca on_map.png Retrieved: 18/05/2021

1.5: ARCHITECTURAL STYLE Part Map of Nairobi County Showing the Loca on of City Market Source:<h ps://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=city%20market%20nairobi#map=19/1.28359/36.81951> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

1.2: CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Part Map of Nairobi County Showing the Loca on of City Market Source:<h ps://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=city%20market%20nairobi#map=19/1.28359/36.81951> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

The angular form of City Market relates to 'Art Deco', an art style of the 1920s and 1930s which embraced hard ages and machines rather than so , curving, natural lines of the previously popular Art Nouveau style. Art Deco recognizes geometric, symmetrical forms and repeated zigzags.

Part Map of Nairobi County Showing the Loca on of City Market Source:<h ps://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=city%20market%20nairobi#map=19/1.28359/36.81951> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

Nairobi lies within the part of Eastern Africa influenced by the large scale pressure systems of the Western Indian Ocean and the adjoining con nents.

The region experiences high temperatures due to proximity to the equator however, its al tude of about 1700 metres results in temperatures which are neither uncomfortably low at night nor high during the day, with an annual average temperature of 170C.

The market has classic features of Art Deco architecture: 1. Symmetrically stepped walls 2. Straight lines at every turn.

As Nairobi is situated close to the equator, the differences between the seasons are minimal. The seasons are referred to as the wet season and dry season. The ming of sunrise and sunset varies li le throughout the year for the same reason Under the Köppen climate classifica on, Nairobi has a subtropical highland climate. It experiences cool evenings in the June/July season, when the temperature can drop to 9 °C The sunniest and warmest part of the year is from December to March, when temperatures average in the mid-twen es Celsius during the day.

The mean maximum temperature for this period is 24 °C.

Exterior of Nairobi City Market Source: <h ps://mapio.net/pic/p-33503770/> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

REVITILIZATION OF AHERO MARKET

1.9: ENVIROMENTAL DESING

City Market's interior architecture resembles London's Royal Hor culture Lawrence Hall, built in the late 1920s and has won awards for its use of reinforced concrete.

1.6: TRANSFORMATION

Exterior of Nairobi City Market in 1941/1942 Source: <h ps://soundslikewish.org/?tag=wwii-city-market-nairobi> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

Table of Summary of Clima c Characteris cs of Nairobi Source: <h ps://en.climate-data.org/africa/kenya/nairobi/nairobi-541/> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

City Market sees the sale of a variety of products incluiding fresh fruits and vegetables, flowers, newspapers, clothes, fabrics and accessories, local handicra such as Maasai jewelry, woodcarving, na onal musical instruments, MEAT Butcheries in City Market offer a variety of meat products, from beef and goat to pork and fish.

Some butcheries operate from rented fridges in the flanks of the main building.

FISH According to an ar cle in the East African in February 2014 by E. Nzioka, City Market is arguably Nairobi's main source of fish, stocking rare speciels such as cod and mackerel in addi on to the common Tilapia and Nile Perch. Fish is delivered to the market thrice a week in refrigirated trucks.

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES City Market was once the main retail outlet for fruits and vegetables in Nairobi, un l the reloca on of the Kenya-Uganda Railway in the 1940s.

FLOWERS Open-air florists in City Market offer flowers for all occassions with proemade bouquets and wreaths and flower arrangements made to order. Flowers are delivered to the market in refrigirated trucks.

FOOD STALLS The market has several small restaurants called vibandas", serving all sorts of food but mainly offering roast meat.

Exterior of Nairobi City Market in 2012 Source: <h ps://soundslikewish.org/?tag=wwii-city-market-nairobi> Retrieved: 17/05/2021

City Market was ini ally a yellow and purple structure with a central clocktower. From its balocny, one could see the snow-capped peaks of Mt. Kenya and Mr. Kilimanjaro.

In the 1940s, the market was hedged beside a neatly hedged roundabout with only a few cars parallel-parked beside the building, while today there is more traffic around the market with fully packed angled parking around the market

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According to an ar cle in Business Daily in July 2016, City Market was designed ahead of its me, par cularly situated tot he intented func on of a public market in the equatorical climate where electricity supply is unreliable.

The external walls feature a series of concrete sun shading fins.

The site layout of City Market minimizes heat gain through solar radia on by having all windows on the nothern and southern facades.

The market has a series of courtyards around the main hall which allow cool air to enter the facility, providing sheltered outdoor spaces.

The main hall has a pyramidal form made possible by the use of reinforced concrete arches. This form results in high solar radia on within the building, but this has been countered by the use of deep sun shading concrete fins externally.

The market has a rela vely low height, exposing a small surface area for heat gains.

The cream-white finish of the walls helps reflect away solar radita on.

The extensive use of concrete throughout the structure provides a high me-lag, keeping the interior rela vely cool.

The spepped roofing of City Market provides external light shelves which reflect light into the interior space, breaking it into even, diffused ligh ng.

NATURAL VENTILATION The main facade has ven la on gra ngs on the windward side that direct windfow into the building. These openings are located on either side of the market and ensure closs ven la ons.

The main facade also has pivoted window openings allowing air movement into the building.

High louvered windows on the nothern and southern facades allow for stack ven la on. Warm air rises and exists through the louvers, allowing cool air to come into the market through the lower openings.

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CASE STUDIES

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CASE 04: NIAMEY GRAND MARKET, NIAMEY, NIGER Climatic Conditions and Topography Burkina Faso is a flat country, Ouahigouya has an average of altitude of 350meters. The vegetation is mostly scrubby savannah or steppie,regularly punctuated by baobabs or thickets of trees and shrubs, often thorny and stunted due to the harshness of the climate. This area partly coincides with the Sahelian climate zone, which represents about 25 per cent of the surface of Burkina Faso.The country's climate is generally characterized by an alteration of dry and rainy season. Winds are relatively gentle, except at the beginning and end of the rainy season when they can reach speeds of up to 120km per hour.

The country is suffering a climate crisis of desertification or aridification as shown by the significant drop in rainfall and increase in extreme temperatures.

monumental. The surrounding shops are low and present a striking con-trast with the main halls. The ensemble creates an urban landscape very similar to that of towns built up around a castle or a cathedral.

This con-trast is extremely successful in its symbolic value. The large scale of the covered halls and the small, almost domestic, scale of the surrounding shops evoke the symbolic opposition between the public meaning of the monumental and private meaning of the domestic fabric.

Establish-ment for Community Development).

According to the client’s wishes, a security wall was built around the entire market. It id an architectural reference to the type of pro-tective wall found in the village of Tahoua region of the Sahel. It is simple and sparsely decorated at the top, and gives a feeling u f urban calm in contrast to its actual function, which is to hide and protect the bustling commercial life within its enclosure. The wall is very beautiful and solid in its structural expression. There are six entrances in the wall leading to the boutique area.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project contains five distinct elements: the covered halls, the individ-ual shops, the surrounding walls, the entrances and the administrative building.croachment and peripheral expansion by stalls in less sturdy ma-terials such as wood and straw mats.

These are the tallest structures in the market and contain the stalls. The roof is supported b concrete columns and is alternately flat and vaulted, thus creating very impressive naves. The indoor space is divided into two parts.-two rows of narrow vaults define the pedestrian area of the main alley.

INTRODUCTION Nimey Market is the Largest Market in Niger. The traditional Niamey market burnt down in 1982, disrupting the commercial activities of some 3000 shopkeepers. In 1983, the government of Niger came to an agreement with the ACAA (Coope ration Francaise) and de-cided to build a modernized market on the same site.

A French ar-chitectural company (KPDV) with a longstanding experience in Ni-ger -25 years - was commissioned to design the structure. The new market is located in a dense urban area of Niamey, the capital city of Niger and is bounded by the town’s main thoroughfare, the Ave-nue de Ia Liberte .

The overall structure, built on one level, shelters the following facilities: 1863 small shops; 992 stalls in the covered halls; an administration building; a small post office; a dispensary; a police station; and sanitary facilities. Parking space is provided in the areas adjacent to market.

The ground plan is symmetrically arranged or both sides of a central alley running on a north-south axis, the floor surface is further divided into six sectors by second-ary walkways which cut diagonally through the rectangular ground plan. The centre of the rectangle is occupied by the administration building and an almost totally covered area.

A high boundary wall, inspired from those protecting the traditional villages of the region, delimits the market area and contributes to create a micro-climate within. Access is through two main gates leading into thecentral alley, or through secondary entrances placed at each corner of the market,additional smaller entrances lead directly into the halls.

The interior spaces are7m high, which ensures a more extensive vision of the maze of columns andstalls as well as better ventilation and climatic control. Vertical sun-breakers and a cellular open structure provide shade and air circulation.

Local Architectural Character.

The rural houses of the region consist of round compounds closed in by walls with circular and quadrangular one-room structures opening to a central open space. Materials used to build walls are sun dried mud blocks (banco), although concrete blocks are increasingly used. The ground plan is laid out on a grid pattern echoing urban pattern. The ma-jor idea was to create a central alley cutting through the market on the north-south axis and running parallel to avenue coulibaly( also called the avenue des Libanais). The central alley divides the market sym-metrically. The main gates are located on the central alley; secondary entrances are situated at the corners and are connected to the covered halls( on the East-west axis) by diagonal pathways. The covered halls are surrounded by shops arranged in a grid pattern. An administrative building, include a post office, a dispensary, a police station and san-itary facilities is also located in the central market area. High concrete vaults (7m) cover the central halls their volume is impressive and almost

This space was originally designed to be planted and used as a public square. It is now filled with 600 boutiques. This spontaneous use of the central area was not anticipated by the architects. the main covered halls are themselves divided into two parts by the central pedestrian alley running northsouth. The naves along the east-west axis are alternately covered by flat and vaulted roofs. The roofs covering the walkways are semi-circular shells of reinforced concrete, and those covering the stall areas are light aluminium structures. This contrast between the vaulted roof and the flat roof structure expresses, in simple architectural terms, the functional difference between the public alleys and the stalls. The space is easy to read and elegant. It calls to mind the cathedrals of the west.

The interior is protected by large vertical wooden sun breakers which al-low for natural ventilation and light.

The main halls remain cool and shady, and are pleasant to walk in. This was an intelligent solution to the climatic problems of heat and bright light.The specific design of the stalls provided for the merchants is not used as the architects had anticipated. Instead of leaving the passage behind the stalls clear for circulation, the merchants use it for storage. cola nut market, since it requires particular conditions of temperature and humidity. It was contained within a defined space with gates that are locked at night, although works were extended to include the rehabilitation of a fruit and vegetable market set on an adjacent open plot, which operates during mornings and evenings.

Construction was done in three phases to minimize disruption of the mar-ket’s activity and to allow for correcting any mistakes done. The locals builders were the only builders in the process because of the materials used. The market was financed by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the management was entrusted to the Etablissement Publique Communal pour le Développement (EPCD Public Establish-ment

trees, umbrellas and a few new sheds, creates a lively open ante-chamber to the walled built-up space.

Eight public toilet blocks are regularly distributed along the eastern and western elevations of the ensemble, opening directly to the streets.

Of the former buildings only five were maintained; the mosque and the meat market, three large pavilions. The mosque was enclosed using a walled yard following the master grid. TAhe three large pa-vilions were converted into shops built using the same techniques employed in all the other anew construction work. In this way, 88 new spaces were erected for shops, offices and toilets, and 466 table stalls have been constructed in the remaining area.

Existing trees were maintained and 234 new trees were planted. The paved circulation occupies 20,000 square meters and covered structures nearly 13,000 square meters.

Contextual Information The market is located in the city center. Surrounded by houses made of banco (mud), which gives the streets their ochre color. Most of the houses are recent and built by its inhabitants. The houses are mostly single stories which gives the street a unique elevation. The streetbeing very wide and organized in a grid system gives a look of a large well organized rural village. socially oriented and in-come-generating investment.

The revitalization of the central market emerged as one of the main components of this process. The scheme design for the market was to enlarge and replace except a few buildings and most of the trees.

The market is located at the crossing of two major axes of this Afri-can City; the avenue QuezzinCoulibaly, which runs from the river to the northern part of the city, and the boulevard de la Liberte which runs from east to west. The location is convenient for both the popu-lation of the traditional banco city and that of the modern part of the city. This is the major commercial focal point of the city center.

REVITILIZATION OF AHERO MARKET

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CASE STUDIES

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CASE 02: ABU DHABI CENTRAL MARKET, ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

INTRODUCTION Architects: Foster + Partners Location: Abu Dhabi - United Arab Emirates Category: Market Project Year: 2014 Abu Dhabi’s Central Market is one of the oldest sites in the city. It is inspired by the traditional architecture of the Gulf. This scheme aims to reinvent the market place, giving the city a new civic heart. By offering an alternative to the globalised one-size-fits-all shopping mall it offers a distinctive modern interpretation of the regional vernacular. As a shopping experience it com-bines luxury goods boutiques with food markets and craft- based trades. Like the traditional souk, these different experiences are brought together in an interior architecture of dappled sunlight, bright colours and fountains, with a changing rhythm of squares, courtyards and alley ways.

Continuing the greenery of Abu Dhabi, the site is generously landscaped, the the site is generously land-scaped, the roofs of the podium buildings forming a series of terraced gardens.

Rising above this dense, close-grained ‘mat’ is a cluster of tall buildings, which vary in height and massing depending on whether they contain offices, apartments or a combination of a hotel and serviced apartments. Visually they form a family, with smooth, reflective facades designed to need little maintenance in this dusty desert environment. Layers of internal shading on the towers control glare and solar gain.

LESSONS LEARNT: i). Inspired by traditional architecture of the gulf. ii). Distinctive moder interpretation of regional vernacular. iii). Perforations are based on Octagonal forms with reference to traditional tile work and mathematical geometry. iv). The experiences are in together in an interior architecture like the traditional souk.

For up to six months of the year the climate here is very pleasant - comfortable enough to stroll and sit outside. That has inspired a sequence of public routes and squares in which the barri-ers between inside and outside are dissolved. Open at night as well as during the day, these new spaces provide an important central venue in the city during festivals and celebrations and are cooled naturally when conditions allow.

For the remainder of the year, the spaces can be enclosed by roof panels that slide into place to enable the internal environment to be controlled more closely. The perforations in the roof and interior panels - a pattern developed with a scholar of Islamic arts - continue outside, wrapping the podium building in a textured facade. The design of the panels is based on oc-tagonal forms, which reference both traditional zellij tilework and more recent research into mathematical geometry.

REVITILIZATION OF AHERO MARKET

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