Gustafson Porter & Bowman, Digital Environmental Analysis, Ongoing
Digital Generative Design
Gustafson Porter & Bowman, Digital Environmental Analysis, Ongoing
01 Jurong lake park redevelopment
Location + Year: Jurong Lake, Singapore, 2014
Project Type: Professional, Competition (won)
Collaboration with: CPG Architects
Supervisor: Leonard Ng
The redevelopment of Jurong Lake Park is inspired by the Banyan Tree and the riverine forests/ freshwater swamps of the old Jurong. With its horizontal network of branches and nodes, the unique growth pattern of the Banyan tree offers a fitting analogy for the organization of the master plan, bringing unity and coherence to the different areas of the park.
Key activity nodes are interconnected through a branching system that threads its way through the park, establishing a flexible network of pathways that is highly adaptable to existing and new site conditions. The distinctive language of branching in the banyan tree – splitting, multiplying, twisting, intertwining, trailing – provides a rich spatial vocabulary for the transformation of the park.
The existing Jurong Lake Park has limited natural habitat along the water’s edge and a small woodland area but is primarily a parkland/garden area. As such, biodiversity is somewhat limited despite a good variety of birds which includes a large percentage of migratory species. Through the right landscaping the area can be enhanced to support a higher biodiversity and bring back the old mangroves which once existed.
MASTERPLAN
Forest profile just before felling, 1932
Source: E. J. H. Corner, The Freshwater Swamp Forest of South Johore and Singapore
Mangrove swamp across Sungei Jurong, 1954
Source: Public Works Department
Proposed trees taken from Corner’s Survey of Jurong
Source: E. J. H. Corner, The Freshwater Swamp Forest of South Johore and Singapore, 1978
FLUID ZONING CONCEPT
1. Four distinct character zones – Family Zone, Connecting Core, Adventure Zone and Nature Green – featuring different types of activities
2. Gradual transition from a more urbanised setting at the northern end of the park to a more natural setting at the southern end
3. Fluid zoning concept with smooth transitions between zones for a holistic, non-fragmented park experience
Zoning
Zones are segragated and clearly defined; lacking fluidity
4. Porous edges that encourage free access to the park from surrounding developments
5. Continuous nature green in the form of a biodiversity corridor connecting the northern and southern ends of the park
6. Redrawing of the hotel site boundary to allow biodiversity hotspot to be kept intact
100% USE OF NATIVE PLANTS
Greenery Concepts
1.Re-introduction of swamp and dry land forest species once found in the forests of Jurong, recorded by E. J. H. Corner in the 1930s
Therefore, bringing back part of Singapore’s heritage into the site
3.The creation of a Ficus arboretum, reiterating its position in the park as a keystone species
4.Planting native plant species that are possibly unique to Jurong strengthening its position as a destination park
5.Retention and enhancement of precious patches of biodiversity
Existing Biodiversity Hotspots and Vegetation
Precious patches of existing biodiversity dictate the proposed zoning and programming of the space. A respect for nature beckons us to re-look at the zoning of the park and hotel site in order to maintain the woodlands rich in biodiversity. More land against the water’s edge is secured (up to 55m setback) and “returned” to the hotel site via the removal of parts of Japanese Garden Road. 100% BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS SAVED
a sustainable system to manage runoff from both within and around the playground.
1. Mange runoff from surroundings: Extend the existing cut-off trenches to cover the entire edge of the playground, so as to prevent runoff from surrounding areas from entering the playground.
2. ABC Waters application Transform the existing cut-off drains into ABC features, such as vegetated swales, so as to improve runoff quality.
FLEXIBLE CIRCULATION NETWORK
1. Flexible network of pathways and associated amenities, designed around existing biodiversity hotspots and key existing amenities
2. Seamless connections to the Round Island Route, Park Connector Network (PCN), transportation nodes, Jurong Gateway District and the surrounding neighbourhood
3. Emphasis on walk-ability and car-free zones within the Jurong Lake District
4. Clear hierarchy of trails for different categories of use
Thin neck to be enhanced with
Providing
Possible Solutions for Waterlogging at Playground
TERRESTRIAL FOREST & FICUS ARBORETUM
A terrestrial forest is proposed around the periphery of the park. Taking advantage of its expanse, majestic ficus species can be introduced here and given space to mature. This creates a buffer from the major highway and a shady habitat for fauna.
INLETS AND ISLETS
To differentiate the park, three primary landscape typologies are proposed, these in turn, create three unique habitats for fauna.
Concrete surface drainage follows footpaths. Water’s edge is fairly homogenous.
The water edge is fragmented to allow more water in, drains are naturalised. Local topography is amended, creating new sub-catchments.
BIOREMEDIATION MEADOW PLANTING STRATEGY
Cuts and fills are done to create berms and depressions in the grasslands, resulting in more diverse biotic conditions.
1. Hardy species with deep and fibrous roots improve soil structure. Eg Lepironia articulata
2. Bird attracting species bring in the wildlife. Eg Dactyloctenium aegyptium.
3. Species with bold colours add vibrant swathes. Eg Chrysopogon aciculatus.
4. Hardy and fast-growing species are cut on a rotational basis, at the base to remove excess nutrients from the land.
5. Remaining species are trimmed, as per regular maintenance regimes.
MEADOWS
In contrast to the forest, tall grasses create a different habitat for birds and human users to the park are discouraged from entering this area. Planted knolls are introduced to provide orientation and as follies.
Temporary water bodies and swales appear in wet conditions and water bodies at the edge swell, inundating the mangroves.
STORMWATER AND LANDSCAPE SYSTEMS
A simple cut-and-fill approach transforms the park terrain into a new landscape of grassy swales, water bodies and tree-covered mounds. Each subenvironmental system works as part of a larger orchestra to remediate the land.
WETLANDS
With the introduction of temporary water bodies fed by rain water, wetland and freshwater mangrove plants are introduced around the lower topographical regions. This gesture is a salute to the history of the land. Parts of the water’s edge are re-shaped to allow water in, an expected average of 200mm in water levels each day provides the “tidal” change.
This project focuses on the stormwater strategy for the rail corridor. The Rail Corridor is designed as a green sponge that constantly soaks up water from its surroundings. The water cycle plays a big role in sustainably protecting Singapore’s most valuable asset. Running along a longitudinal distance of 24KM, the landscape is a blueprint that aims to reconnect people and communities with water through the interweaving of flora, fauna and water.
Through a series of studies of existing topography, drainage systems, rainfall and vegetation - the aim is to design the rail corridor to capture and detain as much water as possible and ultimately feed it back to reservoirs of Singapore.
The stormwater strategies closely relates to the calculations done by the hydraulic engineers who were part of the team.
The above map indicates the levels topographical typologies located along the corridor
Existing Topography
As the corridor runs along the longitudinal stretch of Singapore, it goes through many topographical changes. The different levels governs how the water flows in and out of the site establishing a relationship between the corridor and its surrounding. This study helps defining catchment areas, understanding drainage networks etc.
Diagrammatic sections of the rail corridor topographical typologies and the direction of water flow
Existing Drainage Typologies
There are two main drainage typologies that can be found in and around the site; drains running parallel and running crisscross to the corridor and some of these are larger canals. These various alignments of the water networks together with the topography of the site through open opportunities to naturalize and enhance biodiversity of the corridor.
The Water Cycle
The linear rail corridor opens up to form larger spaces in several areas, providing in localized nodes rare opportunities to detain and store more water. The main objective of the linear water story is to maximize the way water resources are being stored, cleansed, reused and released. The source of the water is highly dependant on its surrounding, determining the run-off coefficient which in turn determines the detention volume. In general, the detention volume of the urbanized southern end (high) is calculated based on a runoff coefficient of 0.8, reducing to 0.65 in the central area (medium) and further reduced to 0.45 in the Northern part (low).
A water sensitive urban design treatment train manages water with two design storm settings: runoff reduction and detention of 1 in 10 year storm events and treatment of all runoff from 1 in 3 months storm events (in compliance to ABC Waters Guidelines.) The proposal aims to detain and treat 100% of the runoff for 1 in 3 month storm events. The graphs below show the run-off water volume that can be detained along the corridor for different storm events, with 1 in 3 month being the minimum and 1 in 25 year being the maximum.
Evapotranspiration in vegetated areas
In Singapore, a potential evapotranspiration rate of 5–6 mm/day is theoretically adopted for green roofs. (estimated from data from the Meteorological Services Division, National Environment Agency, Singapore)
Location + Year: Holland Village , Singapore, 2018
Project Type: Professional, Competition by Urban Redevopment Authority
Collaboration with: WOHA architects
Client: Capitaland
Supervisor: Ryan Shubin
As Singapore continues to grow into a mature and lush City in a Garden, hvHeart incorporates these country-wide aspirations into the next generation of the district scale development by creating a ‘Village in a Garden’. Inspired by the decades of icon roadside planting and flowering species, hvHeart introduces a strong integration of the urban vegetation into the vibrant urban village. The green and blue networks are woven into the development and reach beyond towards neighboring national gardens, parks, park connectors, and tree-lined roads to create a more liveable and biophilic city core. Efforts have been made to conserve elements of natural heritage, such as existing trees and terrain, to establish connections for native flora and fauna. Four key factors of Singapore’s City in a Garden approach have been strategically built into hvHeart:
Community & Heritage
Engaging and inspiring the community to cocreate a “Village in a Garden” through urban farming & shared community gardens.
Urban Ecology
Enriching biodiversity through native plantings and enhancement of healthy urban ecosystem habitats.
Blue Green Systems
Optimising urban spaces for green, blue and recreational networks to offer a range of leisure and active uses to connect the community to nature.
Biophlic Setting
Rejuvenating urban park areas and enlivening the public realm by creating outdoor space for play, celebrate, reflect and connect.
Connecting the heart to the Existing Community Framework
Intergrating stormwater
Connecting the heart to the Existing Green Spaces
OVERALL CONCEPT
Existing Site Constraints
Situated in the central region of Singapore, hvHeart is surrounded by undulating hill parks with mature trees which were once populated by Rubber, Gambier and Durian plantations. The north and south portions of the site are anchored by mature tree clusters while the centre remains as reinstated open turf terrain after the removal of the former HDB blocks. Since this region falls within NParks’ Tree Conservation Zone, an existing tree assessment was conducted by a certified arborist to ensure valuable trees where protected.
A glimpse into rich cultural history of Holland Village can be gleaned through the meaning of its streets names. It’s relation to the Botanical Gardens has been of importance as Holland Village means ‘behind the garden’ in Hokkien and the neighboring street name, Taman Warna, means “Garden of Colour” in Malay. The names of several adjacent streets make reference to colors in Malay: Jalan Kuning means “Yellow Road”, Jalan Kelabu Asap means “Grey Smoke Road”, Jalan Puteh Jerneh means “Clear White Road”, Jalan Merah Saga means “Red Saga Road”, Jalan Hitam Manis means “Black Sweet Road”, Jalan Rumia is named after the Buah Remia, a fruit with a purple seed, even Warna Road means “Road of Colour”. The historical value of the visual landscape across the site gives meaning to future integration of color and nature in hvHeart.
Opportunities
By integrating human comfort and well-being into the outdoor spaces, a carefully curated biophilic environment is created at various levels. In this sense, the landscape is not just for beautification but a device to facilitate healthy social interactions. Public common areas are characterized by different plant species, specifically organized for each programme zone of hvHeart. The proposed flora will suit the horizontal and vertical green spaces to maximize the potential to create a rich community immersive experience with nature.
Our overall landscape aim is to produce a woven network of nature, community, water, and heritage to develop an even more liveable Holland Village. At the Community Plaza, the landscape flows between the built and grown to blur the line of interior and shaded exterior space to create a robust multi-level garden experience. The extended blue network of stormwater is collected and treated through performative features such as watercurtains and water collection ponds activated during rain events. The greater green network will feature water-
‘‘...The Windmill — it was an open air cinema where one sits on wooden benches. Diagonally opposite corner, facing Holland Avenue, was an old coffee shop..’’
Source: Comments to Video of ‘Memory Lanes: Holland Village’ by Strait Times
PEDESTRIAN
STREET & SINGAPURA STEPS
Multi Functional Space Plan
Cross Section
‘Ms Berny Tan, assistant curator of Oh!, says: “When we came to Holland Village, we realised that there were these diverse spaces and they each have a different history.’’... The popular programme takes visitors around specific neighbourhoods, where they visit artworks created with the neighbourhood in mind’.
Source: The Straits Times article ‘New experiences for Oh! Open house art tours’, Feb 2017
Earth Mounds as a Solution: The Community Park sits on top of the basement which allows for minimal planting - Mounds are used to gain more soil depth, hide the retaining wall caused by the ramps & touch back to the historical undulating terrain of Holland Vilage.
PAVING + SEATING TYPOLOGIES
The active hvHeart connects to the existing Buona Vista Hill Park through a flight of steps sandwiched between the southern commercial block of zone 2 and over the new Holland Village Way. Hopea trees, planted to shade the active façade of the buildings flow in through the steps and onto the bridge, getting denser as it reaches the hill park. The bridge itself will be designed to have a 3m clear sheltered access with ample seating.
The Buona Vista Hill Park is to be preserved and enhanced with mature trees. A sensitive approach to the preservation of existing mature trees will heighten its adaptation and future integration into the development.
Tree protection zones and construction buffer zones for preserved areas need to be marked out prior to construction to prevent degradation of the quality of the mature tree cluster. At certain areas, should working space be required, restoration should be done and planned with staggered timelines to mitigate the impact of habitat fragmentation.
Four key factors govern the hardscape design of the public spaces:
New paving to bleed into existing streets to form seamless connections
Circular paving patterns with darker shades to indicate ‘pause’ spaces such as the Community Plaza and the Community Park.
Linear paving pattern with lighter shades to indicate ‘move’ spaces such as the Street and Garden Bridge
Permeable pavers applied at all public spaces with insertions of green to reduce stormwater runoff.
Location + Year: Mandai Zoo, Singapore, 2018-2019
Project Type: Professional (Concept + Schematic design + Tender Documentation)
Collaboration with: WOW architects
Client: Mandai Park Development + Wildlife Reserve
Supervisor: Ryan Shubin
The site design has been strategy laid out to encourage different wildlife refuge zone for various types of endangered and vulnerable fauna species found within the Mandai ecosystem. Each building wing will feature a different micro-habitat through the design curation of specific plants selections, artificial nest and other resources. The intention is to increase the likely hood for guest viewing specific wildlife species from the comfort of their room. This allows for a unique experiences upon each visit simply by staying in different wings of the hotel.
The key landscape strategies are:
- the ha-ha wall integrated with hydro features like swale, ponds, weltands that runs around the hotel wings - creation of forest zones around hotel winds and protection of anchor trees - using detailed flora and fauna sruveys for habitat creation
STRATEGIES:
Ha-Ha Wall - Swale
Existing impact vs future impact + future green converage Impact to existing trees + future 1:2 replacement Impact to existing habitats Site Hydrology
Material Selection in response to the trees species on site, recycled boulders and fauna considerations
Heat map showing concentration of human access at the centre of the site
Heat map showing concentration of human access at the centre of the site
Flow chart for fauna selection
Process of deducing key fauna to target for habitat creation from survey information
Fauna-Flora Associations
Deduced Habitat Typologies
Trip to Sri Lanka with Camphora (ecologists/ biologists) to study intergration of habitat creation with buildings
Flow chart for flora selection including selectoin of species for propagation & sapling harvesting
Enhancement strategies
Reforestation strategies
Advanced Softscape package timeline
Shade study for planting intergrated with building
05 Rebuilt to Collapse
Location + Year: Withernsea, UK, 2021
Project Type: Academic, Individual work
Supervisor: Gunther Galligioni, Douglas Miller
Awards: Distinction, MLA Year 1 Prize
The project site falls on the eroding cliffs along the coastline of East Yorkshire, England.
The project looks into designing with the phenomenon of the collapsing cliffs instead of trying to prevent the collapse. The proposal questions conventional notions of designing for resilience with regards to living in disaster areas by asking - how can we design for a space which will continue to shrink and vanish? What can the land leave behind for the people before it is engulfed by the waves? Research into temporality becomes a driver in developing the key landscape strategies.
As layers of the site fall into the sea, it is carried by long-drift and is deposited to a location down the shore. The project forms a timeline addressing local issues today, marking the past and preparing the land for the future.
The research focused design becomes a continued process built and re-built over time as the project shrinks into its surroundings.
Site Plan
Temporal mapping showing the collapse of the cliff design along with a fisherman’s experience
SITE OBSERVATIONS + ISSUES
MULTISCALE DESIGN STRATEGIES
Location + Year: Isle of Portland, UK, 2021
Project Type: Academic, Individual work
Supervisor: Katya Larina, Douglas Miller
Awards: Distinction
Key Research Question:
The research started of with the question; what kind of landscape is built and ruined at the same time? One such landscape are quarries. A quarry is built by the ruination of earth materials. Peeling back the layers of a geological quarry landscape is not just material, but also the techniques and workmanship that have shaped the land.
Research Focus & Methodology:
The research question is explored through a network of closed and active quarries in the Isle of Portland (Dorset, United Kingdom). This continuously changing landscape has determined the lives of the local community for centuries. As machines take over modern quarrying methods, the locals are losing their jobs along with the traditional craft of carving stone. Conversations with local community members & quarry mine managers formed a part of the research process.
The life cycle of the ancient, industrial and modern quarries are studied through the layers of workmanship, extraction methods, transportation, waste disposal, finishing etc. The generation of post extraction landscapes are explored by translating extraction techniques such as chiseling, sawing etc that have evolved
Response to the Site:
The resulted post extraction landscape models are stitched together to form a timescape assemblage that memorializes the quarry ruins. The ruined model is placed on the last active quarry on the Isle. This plants a ritualistic process as the community gathers, performs and experience different aspects of stone extraction that have determined their lives. It becomes an annual event for the community as they begin to ask the question how much original land is left on the Isle for them to live on?
Quarrying Techiniques on Site - Ancient Industrial Modern
The resulted post extraction landscape models are stitched together to form a timescape assemblage that memorializes the quarry ruins (main image below)
The ruin timescape will be carved out of the disused stone quarry face and the stone waste heaps that are available on site. This subtractive process is translated here through computer numerical control milling.
The ruined model is placed as an installation like setting on the last active surface quarry on the Isle (Inmosthay Quarry). This setting plants a ritualistic process as the community gathers, performs and experience different aspects of stone extraction that have determined their lives for centuries. The setting is split into themes of ‘ancient sounds & dust’, ‘ industrial bonfire’ and ‘modern caves’.
Over the year the next 20 years till the closure of the quarry, the ritualistic process continuous each year as the community orchestrates the landscape. Once the quarry is closed the community can seek ways to rebuild the ruin bit by bit to turn the landscape for their needs.
The ruined timescape model also intends to show a ruin as a chaotic timeline through simultaneous making/unmaking/making process, questioning the standard linear timeline of ruination.
Orchestrating a New Material Reserve (part II - ongoing)
“Roman ruins were used as quarries before the intention to preserve them” (Simmel, 1958).
A future quarry is planned along the coast at Southwell, Isle of Portland (United Kingdom). The site context consists of mainly sheep farms, geological, disused quarry features and neighbouring residential areas. The current coastline has multiple landslips due to a combination of early quarrying and natural processes.
Displacement and the creation of voids has been seen and experienced by the Isle for centuries. Understanding the geomorphology of Limestone in parallel to stone extraction techniques is crucial to explore the various voids or cavities created in this landscape. At the very minute scale, coastal microbes erode the stone by creating ‘boreholes’ or spaces to live in.
At the mid-level scale, seeping of groundwater creates sinkholes and cave networks. At the large scale we have humans extracting huge amounts of limestone for construction use.
The project investigates how quarrying process of extraction work with the natural processes of displacement. Intentional and unintentional cavities, craters and textures to the landscape merge the human and natural processes together to reduce the impact of the conventional quarrying.
The alternative extraction related design strategies follow the quarrying processes from preparing the land for quarrying works as well as implementations during and after quarrying works.
Study of scales - Existing ponding areas, quarry remains on site and speculation of similarly scaled sinkholes
Inactive quarry - Debris stone and other materials for the design to be reused from here. Any post-extraction cutting of stone can be performed here.
The pre extraction design will aim to recycle debris limestone from neighbouring disused quarry sites within 1-3km from the project site. Bigger blocks of limestone will be used for the weirs and the smaller sized ones will be used for the swales. The swales are intentionally ‘paved’ at certain areas to be minimize infiltration and increase the velocity of water. Weirs will eventually collapse into the sinkhole.
Weir arrangement used in Hasset Park, Austrailia, Source: http://landezine.com/ index.php/2017/05/hassett-park-by-jane-irwin-landscape-architecture/
Erosion tests with various weir arrangements:
Recycled Sub-soil from site(low in nutrients)
07 Public Space for Science Labs & Office, Cambridge
Project Type: Public & Private Landscape for Private Developer
I have been involved with this project right from the very beginning and have been in charge of running and managing the entire process with Neil Porter’s guidance. The below illustrations were hand drawn digitially by me with the interntion to give a naturalistic informal vision for the local planning aruthority. The 3D view was done on rhino and enscape to illustrate key views.
Client: Foreign Commonwealth and Developement Office (FCDO)
The project entails the transform of the courtyard space of their heritage building from a space that was used by vehicles, into a space dedicated to the staff, visitors, flora and associated fauna. This communal courtyard now allows for the building staff to have a common space for socialising and for welcoming visitors. I was involved in the construction administration including visiting nurseries to procure plants, working with manufacturers on bespoke elements as well as monitoring the one year defects period after the opening and doing a final handover to the building operation team.
Key plan showing the planting typologies and tree locations
Newly planted garden rooms
Permeable gravel bound outdoor seating space with Liquidambar trees (autumnal colour) Reused cobble stones forms the driveway in front.
Bespoke handrail for building entrances in collaboration with metal specialists
Installation of trees
Assembly of bespoke bench
Installed irrigation pipe lines and arrangement of plants Installtion of stone paving and guiding bands
08 King Charles Street Quad, Foreign Office
Extracts from the Softscape Maintenance Manual
The below page describes the planting schedule and the maintenace regime for one of the planting mixes in the quad
All plants* = without preclipped evergreen hedges
Species in bold = evergreen species
The planting scheme follows a narrative that aims to merge the complex garden history since the 19th century, Victorian era in which the first purpose‐built Foreign office was built. The palette is composed of 4 categories:
‐ species from the past: introduced in the UK between the 16th century and the 1875 by travelling botanists, which fed the expanding nursery trade in the 19th; ‐ native species (refer to https://plantatlas.brc.ac.uk/); ‐ modern introductions and cultivars from the 20th century; Native Plants from the past Plants for the future Evergreen (bold)
Mix 4 forms a threshold to the southern entrance to the garden via the formal lateral path. It also provides enclosure to the seating areas on either side of the lateral path.
Bulbs are planted in the mix that flower in late winter (feb). See Section 15 for Bulb details and maintenance.
Maintenance Regime:
- Cornus sanguinea to be pruned late winter (feb) or early spring (march). To be pruned annually to allow for young colourful shoots to grow. No more than 1/3rd of the plant to be pruned at a time.
- Hydrangea quercifolia to be pruned lightly in late winter (feb) or early spring (march). They require adequate moisture and may require additional irrigation during dry spells. Moisture levels to be monitored through the installed moisture sensors in the soil.
Choisya × dewitteana 'White Dazzler'
Abelia chinensis (white flowering)
Chaenomeles x superba 'Jet trail'
H:1.8m
Sun Shrubs
Garden Room
Cornus sanguinea Hyrdangea quercifolia
Extracts from the Softscape Maintenance Manual
The below page describes the Seasonal Interest + Pruning Times of the various planting mixes in the quad.
King Charles Street
Quadrangle
Stage 4
The planting scheme has been developed to provide year-long visual interest and a nectar source for pollinating insects. From early spring until late summer, flowering shrubs and perennials bring the garden to life. White flowering species and green foliage makes up the main shrub structure.
King Charles Street
Quadrangle
Stage 4
Planting schedule - Flowering calendar
GPB-KCS-PLT-SCH-0001 White flowering
Rev 00 Evergreen species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Planting schedule - Flowering calendar
The shrubs provide a contrasting backdrop to the vibrant colours of the perennial mixes which compose the central axis and art gardens. Autumn will bring colour with deciduous foliage turning orange and red, whilst in winter, structure and visual interest are maintained with a large percentage of evergreen (around 35- 40%) and winter flowering shrubs and perennials, as well as berries for birds.
GPB-KCS-PLT-SCH-0001 White flowering Rev 00 Evergreen species
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Prunus x yedoensis
Amelanchier lamarckii
Pruning Times
Magnolia kobus
Cornus florida 'Cloud nine'
Acer campestre
Magnolia grandiflora
Prunus x yedoensis
Osmanthus burkwoodii
Malus 'Evereste'
Cornus sanguinea
Ligustrum vulgare
Magnolia x loebneri 'Merrill'
Cornus florida 'Cloud nine'
Liquidambar styraciflua 'Moraine'
Mahonia japonica
Carpinus betulus 'A. Beeckman'
Luzula sylvatica
Magnolia grandiflora
Pachysandra terminalis
Cyrtomium fortunei
Ribes sanguineum 'White Icicle'
Osmanthus burkwoodii
Philadelphus coronarius
Cornus sanguinea
Prunus x yedoensis
Sarcococca ruscifolia
Malus 'Evereste'
Skimmia x confusa 'Kew Green'
Euphorbia amygdaloides
Magnolia x loebneri 'Merrill'
Cornus florida 'Cloud nine'
Deutzia gracilis
Liquidambar styraciflua 'Moraine'
Hydrangea paniculata 'Little lime'
Carpinus betulus 'A. Beeckman'
Helleborus foetidus
Magnolia grandiflora
Mahonia japonica
Galium odoratum
Ribes sanguineum 'White Icicle'
Pachysandra terminalis
Osmanthus burkwoodii
Cornus sanguinea
Sarcococca hookeriana 'Winter Gem'
Ligustrum vulgare
Salvia greggii 'Alba'
Choisya × dewitteana 'White Dazzler'
Mahonia japonica
Abelia chinensis (White flowering)
Luzula sylvatica
Chaenomeles x superba 'Jet trail'
Tiarella cordifolia
Philadelphus 'Belle Etoile'
Cyrtomium fortunei
Deutzia gracilis
Viburnum 'Eskimo'
Philadelphus coronarius
Viburnum plicatum 'Sterile'
Mahonia 'Soft Caress'
Rosa 'Iceberg' (Floribunda type)
Rosa pimpinellifolia
Pachysandra terminalis
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White-Ness'
Euphorbia characias
Hydrangea quercifolia
Sarcococca ruscifolia
Cornus sanguinea
Chaenomeles × superba 'Rowallane'
Viburnum plicatum 'Sterile'
Ligustrum vulgare
Heuchera villosa*
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White-Ness'
Sarcococca hookeriana 'Winter Gem'
Rosa 'Iceberg' (Floribunda type)
Mahonia japonica
Luzula sylvatica
Helleborus argutifolius
Luzula sylvatica
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White-Ness'
Tiarella cordifolia
Narcissus 'Thalia'
Luzula sylvatica
Galanthus nivalis
Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost'
Cyrtomium fortunei
Hydrangea quercifolia
Cornus sanguinea
Heuchera villosa*
Philadelphus coronarius
Viburnum plicatum 'Sterile'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White-Ness'
Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae
Narcissus 'Thalia'
Rosa 'Iceberg' (Floribunda type)
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White-Ness'
Galanthus nivalis
Hydrangea quercifolia
Cornus sanguinea
Heuchera villosa*
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White-Ness'
Luzula sylvatica
Narcissus 'Thalia'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White Ness'
Euphorbia amygdaloides var robbiae
Sarcococca ruscifolia
Skimmia x confusa 'Kew Green'
Geranium macrorrhizum 'White ness'
Euphorbia amygdaloides
Geranium phaeum 'Alba'
Deutzia gracilis
Vinca minor 'La Grave' (syn. Bowles
Hydrangea paniculata 'Little lime'
Variety)
Helleborus foetidus
Mahonia japonica
Galium odoratum
Tiarella cordifolia
Sarcococca saligna
Salvia greggii 'Alba'
Choisya × dewitteana 'White Dazzler'
Location + Year: Hungary, 2025
Project Type: Competition, Public and Private Landscape Design Development
I worked on developeing the design layout for the Natural History Museum with Neil Porter. It was a back and forth process of him sketching with me modelling and sketching as well.
The landscape forms a lage space around the Musem building with a main entrance terraced ‘ravine’ leading upto the building and the themed gardens and lake that sit immersed within preserved forest.
Neil Poter’s Sketches
Entrance ‘Ravine’
Themed Gardens
Lake Beach Museum
Preserved Forests
Location + Year:
Project Type: Public Landscape for Riyadh City, Concept - Construction
I am currently working on developing the landscape design around futuristis billboards with Kathryn Gustafson and Zaha Hadid Design.
The process between Kathryn and me is a collarborative processusually understanding the site context and finding a suitable inspiration. Once, we have the inspiration, the form comes alive with Kathryn’s sketching and me modelling in rhino and having to amend her skeches to suit the site and any architectural elements.
Kahtryn Gustafson’s Sketches
11 Environmental Analysis
Location + Year: Various locations, 2021-ongoing
Project Type: Digital Analysis
The followng pages shows design and site analysis with relation to various environmental factors and natural processes that could affect the site and proposal.
Daylight Hour Analysis - Used for human activites and planting design
Wind flow and internsity analysis - Used for outdoor comfort and location of proposed trees
Site slope analysis to identify areas of erosion and provide adequate public access for
Highgate Cemetry Masterplan, London
Water flow analysis of the design proposal to see potential flooding areas of Clitterhouse Playing Fields (Public Park in London)
12 Digital Generative Design
Location + Year: Various locations, 2021-ongoing
Project Type: Generative Design
The followng pages shows planting and hardscape design proposals using rhino and grasshopper scripts. This was part of an iterative process of sketching, rhino modelling and applying simple scripts.
Linking planting schedule to design layout
11 HANDRAIL (TYPICAL OF 3) ANCHORED IN THE BOTTOM DECK. HANDRAILS SHALL BETWEEN 28 AND 40 INCHES STEP EDGE AND POOL DECK.
Identiifyung existing tree levels vs propsoed landorm levels to see how best to conserve the existing trees Pool tile gradient using a script to show our exact design intenet when requested by the Project Construction Contractor
