BCR Health Care Directory 2022_072722

HEALTH CARE 2022 DIRECTORY North Central Illinois Health Care Providers and Services Your Source For Your Health!

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The functions of different parts of the brain

The human brain is a marvel. Everything from thought to memory to emotion is controlled by the brain, which only underscores how impressive this incredible organ is.

The word “brain” is something of an umbrella term to refer to an organ where various complex tasks are performed.

Johns Hopkins Medicine notes that, at a high level, the brain can be divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. Each of these parts serves different functions.

Cerebrum

The cerebrum is the largest part of the

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brain. The cerebrum is located in the front area of the skull and consists of two cerebral hemispheres, left and right. The National Cancer Institute notes that areas within the cerebrum control muscle function, speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. The cerebrum also enables actions associated with the senses, including vision, hearing and touch.

Each hemisphere within the cerebrum controls half of the body. Johns Hopkins notes that the right half of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body, while the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. These hemispheres communicate

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with one another through the corpus callosum, a centrally located C-shaped structure of white matter and nerve pathways.

regulates many activities that are vital to survival, including heart rhythm, breathing and blood flow.

Brainstem

Cerebellum

The brainstem is the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord. The brainstem is made up of the midbrain, pons and medulla. The midbrain is a complex structure that facilitates various functions, including hearing and movement and calculating responses. The pons is part of the central nervous system and is located at the base of the brain, where it serves as a bridge between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. Nerves within the pons enable a host of activities, including chewing, blinking, focusing vision, and facial expression, among others. The medulla is at the bottom of the brainstem where the brain meets the spinal cord. The medulla

Johns Hopkins notes that the cerebellum is often referred to as the “little brain.”

That’s because it’s roughly the size of a fist.

Located at the back of the brain between the cerebrum and the brain stem, the cerebellum controls balance for walking, standing and other voluntary muscle movements. Johns Hopkins notes that studies are exploring the role of the cerebellum in thought, emotions and social behavior.

In addition, studies examining a potential link between the cerebellum and addiction, autism and schizophrenia are ongoing.

The brain is a complex and incredible organ. Each area within the brain has its own unique role to play.

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The hows and whys of bad breath

Anyone who bites into a big chunk of garlic bread knows that less-than-fresh breath is a likely outcome of such an indulgence.

But for some people, halitosis, otherwise known as bad breath, is something they regularly confront regardless of what they eat.

Functional dentist Dr. Steven Lin indicates around 50 million people suffer from

chronic bad breath. Halitosis often is a highly preventable condition, provided an individual can discover the root of the issue, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.

It’s important to note that while halitosis may be an oral condition, it also may be indicative of other health problems. That’s why it is vital to determine what’s behind bad breath.

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• Poor oral hygiene: Bacteria reside in the mouth on the teeth, tongue, and other tissues. Failing to floss and brush regularly may lead to increased bacteria growth, resulting in bad breath. Poor oral hygiene may lead to gum diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis.

• Dry mouth: When dry mouth, or xerostomia, occurs, salivary glands cannot make enough saliva to keep the mouth moist, states Harvard Health. Saliva helps flush away bacteria and food particles. Without saliva to wash them away, bacteria and debris can start to break down, leading to odor.

• Food: Certain foods are linked to bad breath. Notably, garlic, onions and some spices are absorbed into the bloodstream and have the potential to affect breath until they leave the system.

• Dirty dentures: False teeth, such as dentures and bridges, can collect bacteria, food and fungi if not properly cleaned.

Improper cleaning can contribute to bad breath.

• Tobacco products: Tobacco can cause unpleasant mouth odors, says the Mayo Clinic. Smokers and oral tobacco users also are likely to have gum disease, which contributes to bad breath.

• Sleeping with mouth open: Like other causes of dry mouth, sleeping with one’s mouth open dries out the mouth and can lead to what’s often referred to as “morning breath.”

• Sinus illnesses or infections: Small stones covered in bacteria can form in the tonsils and produce odor. Infections, chronic inflammation of the nose, throat or sinuses can contribute to postnasal drip, which also causes bad breath.

Anyone with concerns about chronic bad breath should speak to his or her dentist about their condition. If the cause cannot be traced to oral hygiene, an individual may be referred to a general physician.

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Risk factors for lung cancer

Lung cancer affects the lives of millions of people across the globe every year.

The World Cancer Research Fund reports that there were more than 2.2 million new cases of lung cancer in 2020, making it the second most common form of cancer worldwide.

Lung cancer incidence rates may be alarming, but many instances of lung cancer are preventable. Prevention begins with recognition of risk factors that can be changed.

Tobacco smoke The American Cancer Society notes that smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. In fact, four out of every five lung cancer deaths are believed to result from smoking. The ACS also points out that smoking low-tar or “light” cigarettes increases lung cancer risk as much as regular cigarettes. One common misconception around smoking is that cigar smoking and pipe smoking are not as risky as smoking cigarettes. However, the ACS

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reports that smoking tobacco in cigars or by using a pipe is nearly as likely to cause lung cancer as smoking cigarettes.

Secondhand smoke Even being in the vicinity of someone who smokes can increase your risk for lung cancer. Johns Hopkins Medicine notes that while the cancer-causing agents in tobacco smoke are delivered in smaller amounts in secondhand smoke, they are still present, thus increasing even non-smokers’ risk for lung cancer.

Radon exposure The United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that emits no odor and cannot be seen or tasted. However, home radon test kits are inexpensive and simple to use, and homeowners can even contact professionals to have the soil around their homes

tested for radon.

Occupational exposure Exposure to various toxins in the workplace can increase risk for lung cancer, and that risk increases even more for workers who also smoke. Exposure to arsenic, nickel and chromium on a job site can increase lung cancer risk. Such exposure can be prevented by wearing appropriate gear on a job site and adhering to all safety protocols.

Vitamin supplements Individuals are urged to speak with their physicians before taking beta carotene supplements. Johns Hopkins Medicine reports that substantial evidence now exists linking beta carotene supplements with an elevated risk for lung cancer, especially among smokers who smoke one or more packs of cigarettes per day.

Lung cancer statistics may be sobering, but many of the risk factors for lung cancer can be avoided.

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Hair loss became a widely discussed topic following the 2022 Academy Awards, when comic Chris Rock was verbally and physically assaulted on stage by actor Will Smith regarding a joke Rock made about Smith’s wife, Jada Pinkett-Smith. Pinkett-Smith has alopecia areata, an immune system condition that attacks hair follicles and causes hair loss anywhere on the body.

Alopecia is the clinical term for any hair loss that occurs on the scalp or body. Hair

The causes of hair loss and potential remedies

loss can be temporary or permanent, and is attributed to various causes. Anything from hormones to medical conditions to heredity can dictate if hair loss occurs in men and women. Hereditary hair loss is the most common cause of baldness.

Thinning, shedding hair affects both sexes, and sometimes is a natural side effect of aging. But not all hair loss is natural, and the following are some factors that can cause people to lose their hair.

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• Stress and illness: Extreme stress or illness can cause hair loss in a process known as telogen effluvium, according to Dr. Michelle Henry, a New York-based dermatologist. Mental and physical stress can cause hair loss in the body to be arrested. When this occurs, the body sheds the hair. Hair loss can occur up to three months following a stressful event or illness.

• Heredity: Genes will dictate if a person has blue eyes or is tall or short. Genes also play a role in hair loss. The American Academy of Dermatology Association says heredity can affect both men and women.

In fact, hereditary hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss worldwide. Genes cause hair follicles to shrink and eventually stop growing hair. There are medical treatments in the form of shampoos, lotions and even hair implants that can stop or slow hair loss. Some may help regrow hair. The earlier treatment is started, the better.

• Alopecia areata: Alopecia areata is an immune system disorder that attacks the hair follicles. Since alopecia can affect hair anywhere on the body, even eyebrows or eyelashes may fall out. Treatment may help stimulate regrowth. Doctors may suggest immunosuppressant drugs as well as a course of treatment.

• Pregnancy: Hormones fluctuate greatly during pregnancy and after. Giving birth also can be a physically traumatic experience that can sometimes contribute to hair loss. Hair will likely grow back when hormone and stress levels return to normal.

• Medications and supplements: Certain medications, such as those to treat cancer, heart issues, gout, high blood pressure, arthritis, and depression may cause hair loss. Taking too much vitamin A also may cause hair loss. Adjusting dosage or trying different medications may help.

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Important reasons to visit a primary care physician It is vital to make personal health a priority. Despite that widely accepted truth, far too often people delay trips to see their doctors. The coronavirus pandemic only compounded this issue. An April 2020 report from Modern Healthcare found roughly one in three Americans delayed medical care as they coped with the financial loss and stress caused by COVID-19.

Concerns about the pandemic are not the only reasons individuals may skip doctor visits. Some avoid going to the doctor due to fear of the unknown. Dr. Barbara Cox, a psychologist based in San Diego, told NBC News that it’s common to feel reticent and anxious about going to the doctor.

A refresher course on the benefits of visiting a primary care doctor may compel millions to schedule appointments and get back on top of their overall health.

• Chronic disease management: An individual with a chronic disease, such as kidney disease, diabetes or hypertension, should consult with a doctor about the ideal frequency of visits and to coordinate medication and testing with specialists.

• Vaccines and shots: Primary care providers (PCPs) offer routine vaccinations and can ensure that individuals are up-to-date on the immunizations they need to stay safe. Tetanus, diphtheria, shingles, pertussis, flu, and now COVID-19 vaccines are vital to overall health.

• Medical referrals: A PCP can assess a health situation and refer a patient to the correct specialist if more extensive care is

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needed. However, many chronic conditions can be monitored and addressed by a PCP. • Cancer screenings: UW Medicine, which specializes in patient care, research and physician training in Seattle, says most people will need a few cancer screenings as they age, including colonoscopies, Pap smears, mammograms, and other important diagnostic tests for cancer. PCPs are usually the first line of defense against cancer and can ensure patients receive the screenings they need.

• Non-life-threatening illnesses or injuries: Unless a situation is life-threatening or severe, thereby warranting a trip to the emergency room, most people can visit their PCPs for help treating a variety of conditions. When in doubt, individuals should first consult with their general practitioners about the right course of treatment.

• Routine lab work: Blood and urine tests often are part of annual well visit checks. Many PCP offices have phlebotomists on staff so that lab work can be conducted in the convenience of one place and then sent out for testing.

• Work or sports physicals: Certain employers require physical examinations, as do schools and recreational sports leagues.

PCP offices are the place to go for these types of examinations, which are generally recommended annually.

Primary care physicians are often the first people to turn to for a bevy of health and wellness needs.

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Health Care Listings Administrator Lynn Olds

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Chiropractic Dennis A. Farrell D.C. Farrell Chiropractic 682 E. Peru Street, Princeton, IL (815) 875-4408

Specialty: Chiropractic, Gonstead Clinic Length of Practice: 43 46 years years SM-PR1999435

Chiropractic Jarred Farrell, D.C. Farrell Chiropractic 682 E. Peru Street, Princeton, IL (815) 875-4408

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CLINICS CGH Walnut Medical Center 131 Jackson St. Walnut, Illinois 61376 815-379-2161 SM-PR1999104

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anatomy and utilizes surgical aides like spinal navigation to provide visibility into hard-to-view areas.

Here’s a more in-depth look at some common spinal surgeries.

• Discectomy: This is a procedure for removing material that puts pressure on the spinal colum or nerve root. It is sometimes referred to as a herniated disc surgery.

• Spinal fusion: This surgery typically involves fixing instability associated with degenerative disc disease, scoliosis or issues with spinal alignment and curvature. During this procedure, two or more vertebrae are fused to healthy bone and locked in place to stabilize the spine in a correct position.

• Laminectomy: This is another decompression surgery in which a part of the bone in the spinal column known as the lamina is cut away to expose the spinal canal.

This is designed to relieve pressure on the nerves or spinal cord.

• Vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty: These are similar procedures that address vertebral compression fractures. Vertebral fractures can cause severe pain and produce a “hunch” deformity in some cases if left untreated. Osteoporosis or injury can cause compression fractures. With these procedures, bone cement is inserted into fractures to strengthen and lift.

Spinal surgeries are often the last resort when other options have proven ineffective. They can relieve pain and improve mobility but individuals should first consider all other options.

al surgery n i p o f s s c i s a The b

Without a spine, the human body would not have enough support to stand up straight.

The spine is responsible for holding up the head, shoulders and upper body.

OrthoInfo.com notes that the spine is made up of three segments. The top portion near the neck is the cervical spine. The middle segment is the thoracic spine and the lower region is the lumbar spine. Within the spine are small bones called vertebrae, which are stacked and create the natural curves of the back.

These vertebrae protect the spinal cord and other nerve roots. Between the vertebrae lie intervertebral discs, which allow movement to take place.

When components of the spine are not working correctly, it may result in pain, numbness in the extremities, reduced mobility, and other symptoms. Most patients who present with symptoms can be treated without surgery.

However, in instances when symptoms related to spinal issues have not been remedied by other means, surgery may be recommended.

According to Penn Medicine, there are two different types of spinal surgery: minimally invasive spine surgery and traditional spine surgery. Traditional surgery involves complete exposure of the spine anatomy. Minimally invasive spine surgery exposes less of the

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