Table 4.5

4.4.2 Our Task

1. Develop key management skills:

 Critical and Strategic Thinking  Communication Skills  Problem-Solving  Organization  Presenting  Reporting  Leadership 2. Employability:  Management  Monsultancy  Marketing and Advertising  Human Resources  Retail and Sales  Finance 3. Basic Knowledge Of Office Management:

 Understanding the planning,  Understanding design, implementation of work in an organization and its offices.  Guiding and coordinating the activities of office personnel to achieve business goals. 4. Secretarial Practices:

The term ‘Secretarial Practice’ has been used to include knowledge, skills, procedure and methods of work to be performed by a Private Secretary or Office Assistant. This aims that

 Understand the nature of duties and responsibilities of a Secretary.  Develop essential skills in performing secretarial tasks.  Understand the forms of organization structure.  Develop skill in handling office machines and equipment.

5.ACCOUNTING:

Accounting is the process of recording financial transactions pertaining to a business.

The main objective of accounting is to keep a systematic record of financial transactions which helps the users to understand the day to day transactions in a systematic manner so as to gain knowledge about overall business.

Working on tally and basics of accounting software. 6.PAYROLL TRAINING:

Provide in-depth knowledge of income tax calculations as per the income tax rules and regulations.

Provide in-depth understanding on various income tax components and retiral payments. Pros:

Independence. Entrepreneurs are their own bosses. They make the decisions. They choose whom to do business with and what work they will do. Financial gain. Entrepreneurship offers a greater possibility of achieving significant financial rewards than working for someone else. Control. It enables one to be involved in the total operation of the business, from concept to design to creation, from sales to business operations to customer response. Equity. It gives an individual the opportunity to build equity, which can be kept, sold, or passed on to the next generation. Opportunity. Entrepreneurship creates an opportunity for a person to make a contribution. Most new entrepreneurs help the local economy. A few—through their innovations—contribute to society as a whole.

CONS:

Time commitment. When someone opens a small business, it’s likely, at least in the beginning, that they will have few employees. This leaves all of the duties and responsibilities to the owner. Risk. Even if the business has been structured to minimize the risk and liability to the owner, risk can’t be completely eliminated. Uncertainty. Even though the business may be successful at the start, external factors such as downturns in the economy, new competitors entering the marketplace, or shifts in consumer demand may stall the businesses growth. Financial commitment. Even the smallest of business ventures requires a certain amount of capital to start. For many people starting small businesses, their initial source of funding is personal savings,

investments, or retirement funds. Committing these types of funds to a business venture makes them unavailable for personal or family needs.

4.4 Livelihood Opportunities:

Livelihood Opportunities involve small skills such as welding, soldering, working with computer circuits, etc. These are jobs which require less amount of time to gt trained and start earning.

These skills development programs can help people start there own businesses or work at some good place.

Table 4.4

Sector

Agriculture & Agro Processing Types of Economic Activities

Rice mill, Dal mill, Choodha mill, Oil extraction, Flour mill, Masala making, Papad making, Tilkut making, Bakery and confectionery, Potato chips, Tomato sauce, Jam and jelly making, Agriculture implements, etc

Animal husbandry & Dairy products Animal fodder, Kukkutahaar, Ice cream, Bone mill, Leather products

Forest products based Wooden furniture, cane basket and furniture, Bamboo products, Leaf plate

Mineral based

Textile based

Chemical based Stone sculpture, Statue making and arts, Chimnibatti, Ceramics, Hayum pipe Handloom, Power-loom, Blanket, Kaleen, ready made garments, etc Detergent, Soap production, Polythene, Incense sticks, Medicines

Electronics based Radio, TV, VCR assembling and servicing, Voltage stabilizer, Ceramic insulator, Laminate works

Engineering based Steel cupboard, Trunk, Furniture, Gate, Grill, Re-rolling plant, Automobile Service Centre, Railway sleeper, Aluminium sheets, Vessels, etc.

4.5 Workforce Generation in Carton & Shipping Industries

4.5.1 Introduction

In developing countries and its cities, shipping, packaging, cargo have been evolving for as long as the industry existed. India is growing economy and GDP growth is more the 7% per year. Packaging industries is growing day by day and have very good opportunity for the new businesses. Current market size of packaging industry is USD 14.5 billion and growing 15% per year and packaging is the fifth largest sector in India’s economy and is one of the highest growth sectors in the country. According to the Packaging Industry Association of India (PIAI), the sector is growing at 22% to 25% per annum. Companies from all over the world use them to deliver their products from one place of the world to a completely different one, and indeed ,they are absolutely essential to business. E-commerce business owners are also using cheap shipping more as it provides better security above as well as business friendly. E-Consumers across the globe are going to be increasingly inclined to buy their products through different channels from those they used before the pandemic, leading to a strong acceleration of ecommerce shipments and other home-delivery services.

4.5.3 Importance in Gaya

According to census 2011 , there are only 25 carton manufacturing industries running in GAYA and 150+ shipping transport companies currently running in picture. As we know that future aspect and optimistic of this industry in a developing state or city.

Table 4.5

Unit Type

No. Of Units Employees/unit Total Employees Location Carton Manufacturing 25 10 250/4.68lac Manpur

In semi-automatic plant minimum 12 to15 men power required for operation. In Fully Automatic plant men power depend on the speed and level of automation of plant.

So there is a need of boost in packaging industries, as funding, or as skilled labour and workforce input. Apart from this new and other small scale industries need packaging materials, E- commerce shipping companies for delivery of their goods .In this way its crucially beneficial for both.

4.5.4 Supporting Sectors

 Retail packaging  Food packaging  Pharmaceutical packaging  E-commerce stakeholder  Improved small scale industries

4.5.5 Some leading packaging and shipping logistics companies active in GAYA

 SHIVAM PACKAGING INDUSTRIES

 RADHA INDUSTRIES Pvt. Ltd

 SKY XPRESS LOGISTICS

 MAA ANNPURNA TRANSPORT AGENCY Pvt. Ltd

 DTDC /GDTA(Gaya Dobhi Transport Agency)

By initiating Skill Workforce Generation Programs in these industries , we can produce lots of employment for youth like:  Unit line worker for raw material processing factory.  Data handling.  Packers and helpers  Lading and unloading team

 Machine operators  Field agents.  Supervisors

MERITS:

 For bringing concern to these industries.  Course-based training offers many advantages, including growth in productivity and bridging the skills gap.  These courses are best to train employees in such a way that safety procedures are integrated into their actual job practices.  Teaching them about the basic safety guidelines,consequences of not following the SOPs, ways to respond during emergencies to protect themselves and others.  These industries and courses have caliber to boost any firm's work , by their optimistic visions and procedure of work.  It majorly creates employment in enormous amount and support its supporting sectors. So that's why there's need to Boost for carton manufacturing industries, cargo, logistics, shipping industries.

DEMERITS:

 Major negative point , comes in picture is that this model fails to create employment equality on the basis of gender.  These industries creates opportunities mostly for field work and exhausted jobs , so according to standards this partially promote gender inequality in work fields.

4.6 Medical Aid Courses:

Healthcare has become one of India’s largest sectors - both in terms of revenue and employment. Healthcare comprises hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance and medical equipment. The Indian healthcare sector is growing at a brisk

pace due to its strengthening coverage, services and increasing expenditure by public as well private players

Figure 4.20

5. Conclusion

Providing NSTI in Gaya is beneficial for both the fields education as well as commercial. This program provides education, jobs etc helping to cultivate literacy, skills etc. in people. Programs for agricultural knowledge helps them to do smart work and improve their financial condition , where as introducing programs like computer knowledge and personality development skills helps to improve there literacy rate as well as communication skills e.g. Bodhgaya is near Gaya , it have high tourism so the people of Gaya with good knowledge and communication skills can work as a tourist guide there. Programs like business management and industrial working guidance programs can help them to convert small business like weaving and handloom industries and carton industry into a big scale business providing a space to use the skills they learn in NSTI at a close space only which provides benefits to them only. Last but not the least programs for cultural activities like handloom, paintings , stone carvings etc provide a platform to the girls and women here who can’t have a platform to develop their skills as well as can’t study because of this orthodox society. In the end providing NSTI in Gaya not only gives job opportunity to people their or helps to improve literacy rate but also give a full development to district from changing orthodox society by providing platform to girls and women for studies and improve there skills to improving agriculture practise by introducing organic farming and other new methods.

6. Bibliography Websites referred:

 https://nstiwjaipur.dgt.gov.in/about-us  https://msde.gov.in/en  http://www.usewa.org/pmkvy-training-centre-registrationonline#:~:text=Training%20Centre%20Area%3A%20Usable%20area,ft.%20or%20more%20is%20reco mmended.  https://skillmissionbihar.org/domain-skilling/domain-based-fresh-skilling/sdcregistration/infrastructure-requirements  https://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/88-gaya.html  HYDROPONICS Certificate | Distance education  Farming in India - Introduction, Methods, Modern Methods, and FAQs  A Deep Look At Aeroponics | Trees.com  Electronics System Design & Manufacturing, Skill Development  Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya  Bihar Skill Development Mission - Infrastructure Requirements  Drive link of a video in the NSTI, Jaipur Case Study: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RfY4vPf0Chy6OLy9Ztie-SRg5BiIUdd4/view?usp=sharing

PDF’s referred:  https://nagarseva.bihar.gov.in/udhd/cache/SHOW_DOCS/Final CDP Gaya.pdf  Accreditation Grading Metrics - Skills Ecosystem Guidelines16012017.pdf  Demographic details of Gaya: https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s358a2fc6ed39fd083f55d4182bf88826d/uploads/2018/03/2018031923. pdf  Final CDP, Gaya: https://nagarseva.bihar.gov.in/udhd/cache/SHOW_DOCS/Final%20CDP%20Gaya.pdf