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*This question covers two topics
10.1.1. What is the primary characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
a. self-induced vomiting
b. eating non-nutrient substances
c. repeated episodes of binge eating
d. starving oneself
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.1
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.2. During a lecture on eating disorders, the lecturer tells the audience, “Let's be candid, anorexia is a misnomer.” Most of the people around you are puzzled until the expert explains. What does she say?
a. “Anorexia nervosa is much less prevalent than is generally believed.”
b. “Anorexia is actually a form of suicide among clinically depressed adolescents.”
c. “The emphasis should be on the nervosa because this is a neurological disorder.”
d. “The term anorexia means 'loss of appetite,' but people with this disorder are actually hungry.”
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.2
Topic: Overview
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.3. The chief characteristic of bulimia nervosa is
a. self-induced vomiting.
b. binge eating.
c. self-starvation.
d. a preoccupation with food.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.3
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2. Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.1.4 According to the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at any point in time ___ percent of high school females are attempting to lose weight, as compared with ___ percent of males.
a. 60/30
b. 15 / 44
c. 10 / 2
d. 2 / 10
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.4
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.5 A national survey found that almost _____ percent of American women have a negative body image, particularly concerning their waists, hips, and/or thighs.
a. 1
b. 25
c. 50
d. 75
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.5
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.6. In the case of Serrita, whose struggle with anorexia is described in your textbook, what was her attitude about her condition that is common to many diagnosed with anorexia?
a. She admitted to being too thin and acknowledged her need to gain weight.
b. She admitted to being too thin but denied that she needed to gain weight.
c. She denied that she was too thin.
d. She admitted to being too thin but blamed it on a biochemical deficiency.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.6
Topic: OverviewSkill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.7. The average victim of anorexia nervosa is ____ percent below normal body weight.
a. 10
b. 15
c. 25
d. 35
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.7
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.8. Which of the following is a defining symptom of anorexia nervosa?
a. amenorrhea
b. fear of gaining weight
c. binge eating
d. depression
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.8
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.9. One reason why individuals with anorexia steadfastly deny problems with their weight seems to be because they
a. don’t trust others enough to admit the truth.
b. have a distorted body image and do not perceive their appearances accurately.
c. never feel hungry.
d. are often at or near normal weight.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.9
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.10. Agnes, who suffers from anorexia, is dangerously thin but has been steadfastly refusing to eat enough to gain weight. If Agnes could honestly explain to you why she doesn’t eat, what would she probably say?
a. “I'm not hungry.”
b. “I don't enjoy the taste of food and it makes me sick.”
c. “I am intensely afraid of becoming fat.”
d. “I want to die.”
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.10
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.11. A patient’s medical chart includes the word lanugo. You can tell from the chart that the patient has anorexia nervosa. What will you expect to observe when the patient is examined?
a. brittle bones
b. a wide eyed stare
c. irregular heart beat
d. fine, downy hair on her face and trunk
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.11
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1. 12. A film producer wants to make a movie describing several cases of young women who have been diagnosed as suffering from anorexia nervosa. He is especially interested in exploring some of the psychological dynamics related to the disorder. Which of the following titles might be the best choice for the film?
a. A Struggle for Control: Anorexia Nervosa
b. Anorexia Nervosa: I Don't Want to Grow Up
c. How Depression Masquerades as Eating Disorders
d. Sexual Disorders and Anorexia Nervosa: A Two-Way Street
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1. 12
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.13. Which of these are likely to be comorbid with anorexia nervosa?
a. bipolar disorder and somatization disorder
b. depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. agoraphobia and borderline personality disorder
d. hypochondriasis and dependent personality disorder
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.13
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.1.14. In the two cases of eating disorders presented in your textbook Serrita with anorexia and Michelle with bulimia there was a very clear difference in their emotional reactions to their behavior. Serrita felt _________ while Michelle felt _________.
a. shame / pride
b. pride / shame
c. out of control / in control
d. depressed / euphoric
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.14
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia and Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia and LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.1.15. What types of food are individuals with bulimia nervosa most likely to consume during an episode of binge eating?
a. high protein foods
b. foods they do not ordinarily eat
c. foods that are high in cholesterol
d. non-nutritive, high bulk substances
Answer b.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.15
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.1.16. Assume that each of the following individuals has a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa. Which one of them is most likely to engage in an episode of binge eating at this point?
a. Penelope, who is upset over failing two exams and just had an argument with her parents
b. Farrah, who is wondering what will happen to her town now that a major employer has cut back on jobs
c. Diane, who is watching television and feels sleepy as she listens to the reports of political polls
d. Suchira, who just won a scholarship to the college she wanted to attend and is going out to celebrate
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Difficult
Question ID: 10.1.16
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.1.17. The DSM-5 criteria for bulimia nervosa refer to compensatory behavior. Which of the following represents this type of behavior?
a. going to the gym to watch others exercise
b. use of laxatives after an episode of bingeing
c. feeling out of control during an episode of bingeing
d. fantasizing about food rather than giving in to the temptation to eat
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.17
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.1.18. Janet is making her annual visit to the dentist. As he is examining her mouth, she senses some concern. She asks if he has found cavities, and he says no. He finally comes right out and asks if she has bulimia. What clue suggested this possible diagnosis?
a. eroded dental enamel
b. large gaps between teeth
c. teeth that are growing in crooked
d. open sores at the base of the teeth
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.18
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.1.19. Ann has the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, the restricting type. What does this diagnosis mean to the team of professionals that is going to treat her?
a. She rarely engages in bingeing or purging.
b. Her personality characteristics have made it difficult to determine if she has a problem at all.
c. She has a rare form of anorexia nervosa in which she is able to maintain her weight within five pounds of her expected weight.
d. The treatments that can be used are limited to those that can address the underlying biological malfunctions responsible for the disorder.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.19
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
10.1.20. The validity of the distinction between the restricting type and the binge eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa is questioned mainly because
a. they both express a gender bias.
b. they do not differ in terms of comorbidity, recovery, relapse, or mortality.
c. individuals diagnosed with either subtype describe themselves in similar terms.
d. these subtypes are clearly distinct and never appear with any overlapping.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.20
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
10.1.21. Which of the following diagnoses is new to the DSM-5?
a. binge-eating disorder
b. pica
c. rumination disorder
d. bulimia nervosa
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.21
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
10.1.22. Which is most accurate with regard to why the purging and nonpurging subtypes of bulimia nervosa were removed from DSM-5?
a. They were not supported by the research.
b. The subtypes were separated into distinct diagnoses.
c. This distinction was only useful when deciding on treatment strategies.
d. The distinction was confusing to clinicians.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.22
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
10.1.23. A researcher discussing the prevalence of eating disorders makes reference to what she says is a cohort effect for these disorders. What does this mean?
a. Eating disorders tend to run in close-knit families.
b. Women born after 1960 have a higher rate of bulimia nervosa than women born prior to 1960.
c. Families that place a special emphasis on eating meals together have high rates of eating disorders.
d. The frequency of eating disorders is strongly related to the rate among friends, especially in high school.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.23
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.24. Which of the following is a reason frequently given by scientists to explain the much higher rate of eating disorders among females?
a. Women are much more likely than men to base self-image on body image
b. Men are not concerned about appearance.
c. Men do not have to be concerned about the cultural image of good looks.
d. Women do not tend to judge men based on appearance.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.24
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.25. Although it is certainly an unusual source of data for researchers, some have looked at Playboy centerfolds and Miss America Beauty pageant contestants. How is this research relevant to eating disorders?
a. The emphasis on thinness is a relatively recent phenomenon in the last 20 years.
b. These women’s facial features indicated they had dieted beyond the point of medical safety.
c. Between 1959 and 1988, their ratio of weight to height for these groups declined dramatically.
d. In their interviews, almost all of these women gave subtle clues suggesting they were in deep conflict concerning weight control.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.25
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.26. Your friend is a whiz when it comes to maps. He decides to create a computerized map showing the countries where eating disorders are likely to occur. He asks you for assistance in creating this visual image. What will you tell him?
a. These disorders occur in nearly all societies.
b. These disorders occur only in the United States and Canada.
c. These disorders occur in cultures with small population growth.
d. These disorders occur almost exclusively in North America, Europe, and industrialized Asian countries.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.26
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.27. Which of the following occupations is associated with an elevated risk for developing eating disorders?
a. nurse
b. singer
c. secretary
d. gymnast
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.27
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.28. You have been asked to design a targeted prevention program of eating disorders. Which group would receive the most focus in your program design?
a. lower-class 20- to 24-year-old black females
b. upper-class 16- to 20- year-old black females
c. lower-class 24- to 30- year-old white females
d. upper-class 16- to 20-year-old white females
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Difficult
Question ID: 10.1.28
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.29. The tendency to develop eating disorders seems related to which of the following variables?
a. high school grades
b. degree of extraversion
c. exposure to popular media
d. ratio of female to male friends
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.29
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.30. Which of the following characterizes the concept proposed by Minuchin of the enmeshed family?
a. mood disorders run in the family
b. family members are overly involved in one another’s lives
c. the children in the family were born within short periods of time
d. family members have overlapping responsibilities within the home
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.30
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.31. What have researchers found concerning the relationship between eating disorders and an individual's report of sexual abuse?
a. Sexual abuse is reported much more frequently by those with eating disorders than other pathologies.
b. The rate of reports of sexual abuse among those with eating disorders is lower than in the general population.
c. Sexual abuse is reported by those with anorexia at higher rates than those with other pathologies, but not those with bulimia.
d. The rate of reports of sexual abuse among those with eating disorders is similar to that found in other pathologies.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.31
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.32. An expert on eating disorders describes those with such disorders as “lacking interoceptive awareness.” Which of the following characterizes this lack?
a. People with eating disorders do not recognize internal cues, including emotional states and hunger.
b. Those with eating disorders do not understand how other people are trying to influence their behavior in subtle ways.
c. People with eating disorders do not pay attention to the nonverbal behavior of individuals during conversations.
d. Those with eating disorders often confuse hunger pangs with signs of deeper psychological significance.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.32
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.33. An expert on eating disorders is giving a talk about the relationship between eating disorders and depression. Which of the following would be an appropriate title for this talk?
a. “Depression: The Primary Cause of Eating Disorders”
b. “Depression: Both Cause and Effect”
c. “Successful Treatment of Eating Disorders Has No Effect on Depression”
d. “Eating Disorders Are Symptoms of Depression”
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.33
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.34. Efforts to understand the relationship between depression and eating disorders have focused on which of the following depressive symptoms?
a. psychomotor retardation
b. sleep disturbances
c. low self-esteem
d. generalized anxiety
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.34
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.35. Research participants have been asked to identify with a figure within a series of schematic figures of women ranging from very thin to very obese. What is the subject of this research?
a. body-size delusional systems
b. deficits in sensory perception
c. dissatisfaction with body image
d. the effects of punishment on eating behavior
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.35
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.36. ___________ ,or a negative mood state, commonly triggers episodes of binge eating according to Vogele and Gibson.
a. Anaphylaxis
b. Hysteria
c. Anhedonia
d. Dysphoria
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.36
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.37. Ann suffers from bulimia and has been gaining weight. Her parents are concerned and have been encouraging her to go on a diet. What would you tell her and her parents?
a. “She lacks the will power to diet successfully.”
b. “She has an unconscious reason to maintain weight.”
c. “An inherited endocrine dysfunction is most likely responsible for the difficulty she has losing weight.”
d. “Dieting is likely to contribute directly to subsequent binge eating.”
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Difficult
Question ID: 10.1.37
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia?
10.1.38.A medical technician looks up from the microscope and says to his supervisor, “I think we have a case of hyperlipogenesis here.” What would this information tell the physician about the patient whose tests the technician just analyzed?
a. The patient suffered cardiac arrest secondary to an eating disorder.
b. The patient’s body is storing an abnormally large amount of fat in fat cells.
c. The patient’s endocrine system is working at a high rate that will soon lead to exhaustion.
d. The patient’s heart rate has increased as a result of having to push more blood through clogged arteries.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.38
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.39. With respect to the role of genetics in eating disorders, it is most likely that
a. anorexia is inherited, but not bulimia.
b. bulimia is inherited, but not anorexia.
c. genetics might influence some personality characteristics that increase the risk for eating disorders.
d. eating disorders are responses to cultural pressures and are totally unrelated to genetics.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.39
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.40. Although extremely rare, eating disorders have been linked to lesions in the
a. striatum.
b. cerebellum.
c. hippocampus.
d. hypothalamus.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.40
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.1.41. In establishing an eating disorder clinic, your group of professionals is keen to include all of the therapies that are currently being used to treat these disorders. You will likely include several different therapies, including
a. token economies.
b. the Maudsley method.
c. hypnosis.
d. role playing.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.41
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.42. The most widely studied form of family therapy for eating disorders involves parents initially taking complete control over the child’s eating. Age-appropriate autonomy is returned to the child as eating improves. This system is called the
a. parental control method.
b. pyschodynamic method.
c. Montreux method.
d. Maudsley method.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.42
Topic: Treatmentss for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.43. In one study, ___________ lead to a 70 to 80 percent reduction in binge eating and purging.
a. psychodynamic therapy
b. aversive conditioning
c. client-centered therapy
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.43
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.44. Frances suffers from bulimia nervosa and is seeing a therapist who is focusing on normalizing her eating patterns and addressing her dysfunctional attitudes. Which form of therapy is her therapist providing?
a. psychodynamic therapy
b. aversive conditioning
c. interpersonal therapy
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
Answer: d.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.44
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.45. Paula suffers from bulimia nervosa and is considering treatment with an antidepressant medication. Knowing that you have been studying this issue, she asks your opinion. What should you tell her?
a. “Antidepressants have been shown to be very effective.”
b. “Antidepressants will help you with your purging but not with your bingeing.”
c. “Relapse is common when medication is stopped.”
d. “Because antidepressants make you feel better, you will be less motivated to deal with your eating disorder.”
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.45
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and BulimiaSkill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.46. A cognitive psychologist is proposing a study of the effectiveness of several forms of therapy for treating anorexia nervosa. She sends her proposal to the ethics committee for review. Although the committee approves the proposal from an ethics standpoint, one of the committee members writes her a note saying, “Be aware of the allegiance effect.” What will this note mean to the psychologist in regard to her proposal?
a. Clients will show greater recovery when they are treated by the same therapists across time.
b. Clients will work hard to recover to demonstrate that their choice of therapist is indeed the best.
c. Because she is a cognitive therapist she is more likely to find that form of therapy to be the most successful.
d. Funding agencies will be more likely to give grants to researchers who are responsive to the needs of the granting agency.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: Difficult
Question ID: 10.1.46
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and BulimiaSkill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.47 __________ is a form of treatment that does not address eating disorders directly and was actually used as the placebo treatment in several early studies. Still, this form of treatment has been found to be more effective after 12 months than therapies that are directed at eating disorders.
a. Interpersonal therapy
b. Antianxiety medications
c. Antidepressant medications
d. Education about nutrition and health
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.47
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
Copyright © 2019, 2015, 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
10.1.48. How do long-term outcomes for the treatment of anorexia nervosa compare to long-term outcomes for the treatment of bulimia nervosa?
a. The long-term success is greater for bulimia nervosa.
b. The long-term success is greater for anorexia nervosa.
c. There is no difference in long-term outcomes for treating these disorders.
d. Although there is a higher mortality rate for anorexia, the success of treatment is otherwise better for anorexia.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.1.48
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.49. A third generation of more successful prevention efforts for eating disorders does not directly focus on body image or disordered eating. These efforts attack the thinness ideal indirectly, or focus on
a. eliminating unhealthy eating habits rather than promoting healthy habits.
b. promoting healthy eating rather than eliminating unhealthy habits.
c. encouraging healthy communications styles in families.
d. eliminating unhealthy communication styles in families.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 8.1.49
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.1.50. A __________ study is a research study in which neither the patient nor the therapist knows if the patient is receiving the treatment in question or the placebo.
a. double blind
b. double control
c. dependent control
d. post hoc
Answer: a.
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.1.50
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.2.51. An eating disorder is a severe disturbance in eating behavior that results from an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Some experts have suggested that dieting disorder would be a more accurate term to describe this disturbance.
Answer: True
Difficulty: 2
Question ID: 10.2.51
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.2.52. For both anorexia and bulimia, the rate of occurrence in females compared to in males is about 2 to 1.
Answer: False
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 10.2.52
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.53. According to the textbook, European American and Latina women report higher rates of body dissatisfaction than African American women.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.53
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10. 4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.54. An inaccurate perception of body size and shape is known as distorted body image.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.54
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.2.55. About 10 percent of people with anorexia nervosa are estimated to die of starvation, suicide, or medical complications stemming from their extreme weight loss.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.55
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.2.56 Amenorrhea is an undue influence of body shape on self-evaluation
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.56
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.2.57. Priya’s physician is distressed by her anorexia nervosa. Her weight loss is bad enough, but her medical tests show clear signs of an electrolyte imbalance. The physician’s major concern is that she could possibly develop cardiac or kidney problems.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.57
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.2.58. Binge eating is defined as eating an amount of food that is clearly larger than most people would eat under similar circumstances in a fixed period of time, for example, less than 2 hours.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.58
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.2.59. Purging involves behaviors designed to eliminate consumed food from the body.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.59
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.2.60 Anxiety disorders are often comorbid with bulimia, especially in bulimic patients who self induce vomiting.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.60
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.2.61. In the middle of an episode of binge eating, a woman is likely to describe feeling like she is in a hypnotic trance
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.61
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.2.62 Anorexia nervosa includes two subtypes; the restricting type and the binge eating/purging type.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.62
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
10.2.63 A diagnostic criterion for binge-eating disorder is that the person feels embarrassed while eating.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.63
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
10.2.64. The prevalence of bulimia is declining, while the prevalence of anorexia is increasing.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.64
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.65. A cohort is a group that shares some feature in common, for example, year of birth.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.65
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.66. Psychological studies repeatedly show that exposure to images of super-thin women increases body image distortion among girls and young women.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.66
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.67. Some experts argue that pressures to be strong and muscular have created a new eating disorder among males sometimes called “reverse anorexia,” which is characterized by excessive emphasis on extreme muscularity and often accompanied by the abuse of anabolic steroids. This disorder is referred to by some as the superhero complex.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.67
Topic: Overview
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
10.2.68. Epidemiologists have found that bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa occur at the same rates.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.68
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.69. A cross-cultural researcher is investigating the relationship between body weight and wealth in Third World countries. He is most likely to have found that there is a strong positive relationship between body weight and wealth.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.69
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.70 Anorexia and bulimia typically begin in early childhood.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.70
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.71. Compared to families of individuals with anorexia nervosa, in families of individuals with bulimia nervosa you more likely to find cohesion and the absence of conflict
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.71
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.72. Recognition of internal cues, including hunger and various emotional states, is called interoceptive awareness.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.72
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.73. Researchers are finding an increased rate of schizotypal personality disorder in both victims of eating disorders and their family members.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.73
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.74. A dysphoric body image is a highly critical evaluation of one’s weight and shape that is thought, by clinicians, to contribute to the development of eating disorders.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.74
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.75. A weight level the body seems to defend by adjusting its rate of energy use is called the metabolic weight.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.75
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.76 The etiology of eating disorders underscores the importance of equifinality, which is the idea that all eating disorders develop in the same way.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.76
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.2.77 The first goal of the treatment of anorexia nervosa is gaining at least a minimal amount of weight
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.77
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.2.78. Predictors of a better prognosis for eating disorders include an early age of onset, conflict-free parent–child relationships, early treatment, less weight loss, and the absence of binge eating and purging.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Question ID: 10.2.78
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.2.79. In the long run, viewed in a timeframe longer than 12 months, the most effective form of psychotherapy for the treatment of bulimia nervosa seems to beinterpersonal.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.79
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.2.80. Third-generation eating disorder prevention programs that have had the most success in reducing binge eating are ones that focus on eliminating unhealthy eating habits.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.2.80
Topic: Treatments for Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.3.81. Discuss the defining characteristics of anorexia.
Answer: The most obvious and most dangerous symptom is significantly low weight. While DSM-5 has no formal cutoff, the average victim is 25 to 30 percent below normal body weight. The second defining characteristic is an intense fear of gaining weight. This fear is not assuaged by weight loss. In fact, the fear may grow more intense as the individual loses more weight. The final defining symptom is a disturbance in how weight or shape is experienced. Many individuals with eating disorders tend to deny that they have any problem at all with weight. Other symptoms, including amenorrhea, medical complications, and comorbid psychological disorders may be present in an individual suffering from anorexia as well.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.81
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia
10.3.82. Explain why bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are both considered to be characterized by a struggle for control.
Answer: People with bulimia feel out of control and ashamed of their lack of control, and their disorder is an attempt to regain a sense of control. People with anorexia pride themselves in selfcontrol, and their disorder is typified by excessive self-control.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.82
Topic: Symptoms of Anorexia and Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.1 Outline the symptoms of anorexia and LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.3.83. How does DSM-5 handle obesity and binge-eating disorder?
Answer: Binge-eating disorder, a new diagnosis that has been added to DSM-5, is defined by episodes of binge eating without compensatory behavior. Binge eating is associated with a number of psychological and physical difficulties, including obesity. Obesity, which is typically defined as having a BMI greater than 30, was also considered for inclusion into DSM-5
Ultimately, obesity was not included. Calling obesity a “mental disorder” is controversial, especially given the high prevalence of overweight individuals in the United States.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.83
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
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10.3.84. What patterns in the epidemiology of eating disorders suggest sociocultural influences on their development?
Answer: The prevalence of eating disorders is higher in industrialized societies such as North America, Europe, and industrialized Asian countries. In the United States, the prevalence is higher in whites than blacks, those in higher socioeconomic groups, and women in jobs where slimness is valued. Eating disorders are also more frequent among groups who move into new areas where eating disorders exist, such as among Arabs and Asians who move to Western countries. Finally, in the United States, there are an increasing number of eating disorder cases among well-to-do African Americans.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.84
Topic: Frequency of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.4 Explain the factors contributing to the frequency of anorexia and bulimia
10.3.85. Summarize the research on the biological factors involved in eating and weight regulation.
Answer: Physiologically, weight is maintained around weight set points, which are fixed or small ranges in weight. Weight regulation around set points results from the interplay between behavior, peripheral physiological activity, and central physiological activity. The process works like a thermostat to regulate the heating and cooling of air temperature near a given setting. If weight declines, hunger increases and food consumption goes up. There is a slowing of the metabolic rate and movement toward hyperlipogenesis. These reactions have obvious survival value and are likely products of evolution. The body does not distinguish between intentional attempts to lose weight and potential starvation.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.85
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
10.3.86. Summarize what is currently known about the role of genetics and neurophysiology in eating disorders.
Answer: Concordance rates for bulimia are higher for monozygotic twins than for dizygotic twins. However, the difference can be explained by several different heritable mechanisms. Eating disorders are unlikely to be directly inherited. Genetics may influence personality characteristic that lead to bulimia, or a certain body type or weight set point may be inherited. Genes clearly affect weight and body type, but we cannot mindlessly conclude that eating disorders are genetic without carefully considering genetic mechanisms and gene-environment interactions. In rare instances, a hormonal disturbance or a lesion in the hypothalamus has been linked to eating disorders.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.86
Topic: Causes of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.5 Evaluate the causes of anorexia and bulimia
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10.3.87. As a clinical psychologist who specializes in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, you have been asked to design a program based on the successful work of Fairburn, who utilized a variety of cognitivebehavioral techniques. Discuss the program you will design.
Answer: Fairburn conceptualizes the cause of Bulimia nervosa as a combination of maladaptive tendencies, including an excessive emphasis on weight and shape, perfectionism, and dichotomous “black or white” thinking. His program, that we will replicate, involves three stages. The first stage involves education and behavioral strategies to normalize eating patterns and end the cycle of eating restraint followed by binging and purging. Second, we will introduce traditional cognitive therapy methods that aim to convince the client of her cognitive errors, such as illogical and dysfunctional beliefs about the importance of weight and its connection to the self-image. This stage will draw heavily on the methods introduced by Beck. Third, as clients develop more logical and reasonable cognitions and beliefs, we will attempt to consolidate these into day to day realistic expectations about weight, diet, and strategies for relapse prevention.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.87
Topic: Treatments of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Apply What You Know
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.3.88. Describe the research on the effectiveness of different forms of therapy for treating bulimia nervosa.
Answer: Although interpersonal therapy does not directly address eating disorders, it has emerged as a very successful form of treatment. This therapy focuses on difficulties in close relationships. Interpersonal therapy was studied in an investigation of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The researchers used interpersonal therapy as a placebo control group in their study. They were interested in studying the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and needed a credible placebo. At the end of the study, cognitive therapy was more effective than interpersonal therapy. However, at the 12-month follow-up, the interpersonal therapy group continued to improve. They equaled those of the cognitive-behavioral therapy group and outdistanced those in the behavior therapy alone group.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.88
Topic: Treatments of Anorexia and Bulimia
Skill: Conceptual
LO 10.6 Contrast treatments for anorexia and bulimia
10.3.89. Discuss the defining characteristics of bulimia nervosa
Answer: The three essential characteristics of bulimia are recurrent episodes of binge eating, recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, and a self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. Binge eating is defined as consuming an amount of food that is clearly larger than most people would eat under similar circumstances in a fixed period of time. Whether planned in advance or beginning spontaneously, binges are typically characterized by a lack of control and secretiveness. Most people with bulimia are ashamed of their behavior and go to elaborate efforts to conceal their binge eating. A binging episode is commonly triggered by emotional distress, and the binge eating may temporarily alleviate the unhappy feelings. However, physical discomfort, shame, and fear of gaining weight quickly return. Most people with bulimia then engage in some form of purging designed to eliminate the consumed food from their body. While the most common form of purging is vomiting, other
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forms of compensatory behavior include the misuse of laxative, diuretics, or enemas, or extreme exercising or rigid fasting. The self-esteem and daily routines of a person with bulimia are often focused on their weight and diet. Their sense of self is closely linked to their appearance, making them highly sensitive to the compliments or criticisms from others. Depression is a common comorbid condition, as are anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and substance use.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.89
Topic: Symptoms of Bulimia
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.2 Summarize the symptoms of bulimia
10.3.90. In addition to anorexia, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, DSM-5 includes three other relatively rare feeding and eating disorders. What are these and what are their key characteristics?
Answer: The other feeding and eating disorders included in DSM-5 are pica, rumination disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Pica is the eating of non-nutritive, nonfood substances, such as paper, soap, cloth, or dirt. Although the onset of pica can occur at any age, it is most common that it begins in childhood and is most likely in the context of intellectual disability or other mental disorders. Rumination disorder involves repeated regurgitation of food, which may then be re-chewed and either re-swallowed or spit out of the mouth. The onset of this disorder most commonly occurs in infancy, but may begin at any age, and is most common in individuals with intellectual disability. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder is characterized by an apparent lack of interest in food, an avoidance of food based on the sensory characteristics of food, or a concern about aversive consequences of eating. This disorder most commonly develops in childhood, but can arise at any age. There is no evidence of a disturbance in how someone with this disorder perceives their weight or body shape.
Difficulty: Moderate
Question ID: 10.3.90
Topic: Diagnosis of Feeding and Eating Disorders
Skill: Understand the Concepts
LO 10.3 Analyze how to recognize eating disorders
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