Nervous System Facts, Functions and Diseases.

Nervous System: Facts, Functions and Diseases

Introduction Nervous system, organized group of cells specialized for the conduction of electrochemical stimuli from sensory receptors through a network to the site at which a response occurs.

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Function of Nervous Systems

Stimulus-Response Coordination The simplest type of response is a direct one-to-one stimulus-response reaction. A change in the environment is the stimulus; the reaction of the organism to it is the response.

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Intracellular systems The simplest type of response is a direct one-to-one stimulus-response reaction. A change in the environment is the stimulus; the reaction of the organism to it is the response.

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Organelle systems In more-complex protozoans, specialized cellular structures, or organelles, serve as receptors of stimulus and as effectors of response. Receptors include stiff sensory bristles in ciliates and the light-sensitive eyespots of flagellates.

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Facts about Nervous Systems

The body has billions of nerve cells Every person’s body contains billions of nerve cells (neurons). There are about 100 billion in the brain and 13.5 million in the spinal cord. The body’s neurons take up and send out electric and chemical signals (electrochemical energy) to other neurons.

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There is a nervous system for controlling the body at rest The parasympathetic nervous system controls bodily functions when a person is at rest. Some of its activities include stimulating digestion, activating metabolism, and helping the body relax.

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There is a nervous system for controlling the bowel The body has its own nervous system that just controls the bowel. The enteric nervous system automatically regulates bowel movements as a part of digestion.

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The body has a nervous system for preparing the body for action The sympathetic nervous system tells the body to get ready for physical and mental activity.

It causes the heart to beat harder and faster and opens the airways for easy breathing. It also temporarily stops digestion so the body can focus on fast action.

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