Architectural portfolio

GAVINI SHARATH KUMAR [M.Arch . EmTech AA School Of Architecture]

ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO

SELECTED WORKS 2013 - PRESENT

I am a visionary who believe "Architecture Could be the Solution for the major Issues of the world."

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CONTENT

4

BIOGRAPHY

6

Floating Fuel Farm

10

Fibre Composite System

22

Walk In Kiosk

24

Robotic - Arm Exploration

26

Manchester - Urban Tissue Redevelopment

32

Reconfigurable - Structure

36

Sustainable Housing

38

RESILIENT CITY

42

Inverted Cube - Library

46

Residential Villa

50

The School of Technical Studies

54

The Pavilion

SHARATH KUMAR GAVINI

[eVolo Skyscraper Competition 2016-2017]

[ EmTech Dissertation ]

[ Fluid Lines structure ]

[ EmTech Workshop - Design and Build ]

[ EmTech Core - II ]

[ EmTech Core Studio1 2015 ]

[ Ethos sustainable Housing 2015 ]

[ UIA - HYP CUP 2014 ]

[ Design Proposal - Metropolitan Corporation 2014 ]

[ Design Proposal 2014 ]

[Yoga House -Maple town Bandlaguda Hyderabad ]

Content Architectural Portfolio

[ Design Proposal 2014 ]

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GAVINI SHARATH KUMAR 07393190855 sharath.smith32@gmail.com

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ gavini-sharath-a70b2a52?trk=nav_re tab_profile_pic

sponsive_

Personal Details Birth Nationality Languages

29th March 1991 Indian English, Hindi, Telugu

Education 2015 - 2017 Jan 2008 - 2014 2014

Master’s Program [EmTech] AA school Of Architecture, London.

Bachelor’s Program [Architecture, Landscape] C.S.I.I.T School Of Architecture , Hyderabad, India.

Parametric Modelling [Mode Lab] , New York.

Professional Experience 2014 - 2015

Jr. Architect at [ Samhitha Integrated Solutions ] Hyderabad, India.

2014 - 2015

Free Lance Projects [Residential Villa , Proposal Engineering College, Residential Interiors]

2012 - 2013

Intern ship [K.B.Consultants] Hyderabad, India.

2010

Intern ship in [Auroville Earth Institute] Auroville ,India.

Competitions Participated

Biography Gavini Sharath Kumar

2016 - 2017 2014

[UIA - HYP CUP ]

2013

[IAAc - Self Sufficient Design ]

2013

[One Prize Award - Storm Proof Architecture ]

2013

[Annual NASA Design Competition ] National Association Of Student Of Architecture

2011 - 2012

[Landscape Trophy ] National Association Of Student Of Architecture

2011

[Annual NASA Design Competition] National Association Of Student Of Architecture.

2009

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[eVolo Skyscraper Competition]

[ Birla White Yuva Ratna Award ]

Architectural Skills

Technical Skills

Context Analysis Concept Development Design Development Visualization [ Photo realistic renderings] Model Building - Prototyping Drawing Production / Presentation

[ Software Tools ]

[ Conceptualization] Autodesk Auto CAD sketchup Rhinoceros + Grasshopper Rhinoceros + Grasshopper + Kangaraoo Cinema 4D

[BIM] Autodesk Revit

[ Micro Climate Analysis ] Rhinoceros + Grasshopper + Ladybug [Solar Analysis] Flow Design [C.F.D Analysis]

[ Urban network Analysis ] Rhinoceros + U.N.A Rhinoceros + Grasshopper + Cheetah

[ Scripting ] Rhinoceros + Grasshopper + Python Rhinoceros + Grasshopper + Octopus/Galapagos Processing

[ Finite Element Modelling ] Rhinoceros + Grasshopper + Karamba Ansys Workbench [Fluent, Responsive Spectrum, Static Structure] Strand 7

[ Presentation ] Biography Gavini Sharath Kumar

Adobe Suite Microsoft Office Rhinoceros + V-Ray Cinema4d + Render

5

Floating Fuel Farm eVolo Skycraper Competition

Floating Fuel Farm

eVolo Skyscraper Competition

The twentieth century saw a rapid increase in the consumption of fossil fuels. According to the US Energy Information Administration’s 2006 estimate, the estimated 471.8 EJ total consumption in 2004, with fossil fuels supplying 86% of the world’s energy. Most fossil fuels are burned to turn into energy, and the gasses released into the air by burning, in turn causes air and water pollution. Gases released by the burning and combustion of fossil fuels include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and hydrocarbons. In the air, these gases becomes a carcinogen, which can be inhaled and can also mix with falling rain to form acid rain. This also results in an increase in the global temperature, which causes global warming. It is, therefore, the need of the hour to control the overall consumption of fossil fuels and switch to alternative sources of energy.

Bio-diesel, made from partially renewable sources of oil such as soy, rapeseed or waste cooking oil, has been heralded as an environmentally-friendly alternative to petroleum- derived diesel. It can be used in diesel engines without any engine modification and past studies have shown bio-diesel to be less polluting than petroleum-derived diesel.

Bio-diesel can be obtained and processed by various means.

The most common form of bio-diesel is Jatropha. When

6

Jatropha seeds are crushed, the resulting Jatropha oil can be processed to produce a high-quality bio-fuel or Bio-diesel that can be used in a standard diesel car or further processed into jet fuel, while the residue (press cake) can also be used as biomass feedstock to power electricity plants, used as fertilizer (it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), or as animal fodder. The cake can also be used as feed in digesters and gasifiers to produce biomass.

Jatropha cultivation requires certain climatic, irrigation and soil conditions. Sandy, well-drained soil is best suited for Jatropha. Jatropha handles dryness very well and it is possible to live almost entirely of humidity in the air. Jatropha has a very high yield when there is more spacing between the plants. This results in a very low crop density, hence, requiring more space.

Cities, despite only representing 2 percent of the world’s surface area, they are

Jetropha Cultivation zone

low crop density, hence, requiring more space.

Cities, despite only representing 2 percent of the world’s surface area, they are responsible for 75 percent of the world’s energy consumption. Cities have a high population density and hence less space for the cultivation of Jatropha.

Major cities of the world are developed near water sources for commerce and sustainability. The design focuses on combining the scarcity of land and the availability of water sources to achieve a sustainable Jatropha cultivation system.

responsible for 75 percent of the world’s energy consumption. Cities have a high population density and hence less space for the cultivation of Jatropha. Major cities of the world are developed near water sources for commerce and sustainability. The design focuses on combining the scarcity of land and the availability of water sources to achieve a sustainable Jatropha cultivation system. to power electricity plants, used as fertilizer (it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), or as animal fodder. The cake can also be used as feed in digesters and gasifiers to produce biogas.

Jatropha cultivation requires certain climatic, irrigation and soil conditions. Sandy, well-drained soil is best suited for Jatropha. Jatropha handles dryness very well and it is possible to live almost entirely of humidity in the air. Jatropha has a very high yield when there is more spacing between the plants. This results in a very

Cities, despite only representing 2 percent of the world’s surface area, they are responsible for 75 percent of the world’s energy consumption. Cities have a high population density and hence less space for the cultivation of Jatropha. Major cities of the world are developed near water sources for commerce and sustainability. The design focuses on combining the scarcity of land and the availability of water sources to achieve a sustainable Jatropha cultivation system.

The design process begins with the primitive geometry, the tetrahedron. To develop a buoyancy in the structure, a design decision was made to create two tetrahedrons in opposite directions resulting in a base plane in the middle for cultivation. Aggregation rules are developed to generate vertically growing structures. Recursive growth algorithm was used to generate the global geometry Clusters of vertical fuel farm are designed according to the micro-climatic conditions such as maximum solar exposure and reduction of the air drag

7

Floating Fuel Farm eVolo Skycraper Competition

also be used as feed in digesters and gasifiers to produce biogas.

Jatropha cultivation requires certain climatic, irrigation and soil conditions. Sandy, well-drained soil is best suited for Jatropha. Jatropha handles dryness very well and it is possible to live almost entirely of humidity in the air. Jatropha has a very high yield when there is more spacing between the plants. This results in a very low crop density, hence, requiring more space.

Primitive Geometry - Tetrahedron Tetrahedron is the stable geometry. Used in some of the architectural design. Triangle tetrahedron can be multiplied and aggregated in any fashion, still the overall geometry can be stable.

System Development - Buoyant Structure Lower tetrahedron counter parts the forces exerted by live load and dead load generated by the Jetropha plant and moving humans.

Aggregation Rule Four Triangular tetrahedron when aligned to its adjacent side square base is formed. Tetrahedron when aligned in opposite direction generates multi level frame structures.

Recursive aggregation of the tetrahedral geometry can lead to intriguing pattern. Jetropha crops are cultivated in the levels created be multi level structure.

Construction process for the vertical farm is developed from logic of self assembly. units of Tetrahedron are built in factory and can be brought to site through boats and vertical farm can be erected.

Floating Fuel Farm eVolo Skycraper Competition

Primitive Geometry Tetrahedron

8

System Development Buoyant Structure Â

Aggregation Rule

Biodiesel has become more attractive recently due to its environmental benefits and the fact that it is sustainable and renewable. However,the utilization of Jatropha curcas Bio-diesel in engine performance and emission study is still faced with many challenges and difficulties

Floating Fuel Farm eVolo Skycraper Competition

9

Fiber Composite System [ A Low - tech construction system for Seismically active region ]

FAR WESTERN

MID WESTERN

Low

WESTERN

Moderate High

CENTRAL EASTERN

Very High Bamboo growth

BAMBOO PRODUCTION AREA RESIN EXTRACTION ZONE 7%

28 %

2300 Ha

ASIA AMERICA AFRICA

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

Earthquakes are an age old known natural disaster; it has its own record of several devastations across the globe. Especially in developing countries with improper construction practices, the damage can be catastrophic. Thus, the progressions in material science and computational methodologies can facilitate the development for better construction systems through materials extracted from natural resources.

By understanding the material organization in natural systems, composite systems can be efficiently manufactured. The development of this system gets benefited from two major constituents, fibers for reinforcement and the matrix for binding, to design materials with specific properties. Whereas digital design techniques enable us to generate systems in which the material organization is informed by the inherent properties and can be optimized through simulations.

This amalgamation provides an inherent potential for the development of an architectural system based on the relationship between geometry and material performance.

The following research focuses on the implementation of these design strategies in the field of fiber reinforced composites. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites such as carbon, graphite, and glass have been used in various

10

200 Ha 700 Ha

3100 Ha

EASTERN NEPAL CENTRAL NEPAL WESTERN NEPAL MID-WESTERN NEPAL

industries due to their high mechanical properties and relative ease of production. The high performance of these polymer matrix composites has been widely investigated. Whether these fibers are non-degradable at the end of life is unknown. Based on the importance of the environment and the threat of climate change, plant fibers can be a potential environment friendly alternative for the synthetic fibers for the composite production. Natural fibers are already being used for many applications, including the automotive and construction industries.

The investigation is based on the following stages. An initial research on the specific material properties of the bamboo fiber composite and the state of the art in relation to production processes relevant to composites and construction techniques with fabric form work that can be potentially translated for Bamboo fiber based composite system construction. Followed by the definition of the material system through an amalgamation of physical prototyping and digital simulation, an exploration of a higher system level of organization is thus conducted, and a set of experiments allow to establish the strategies regarding environmental and structural behavior. Finally, the architectural potential of the system to generate a form with enriched spatial quality while responding to specific geological and climatic conditions, is evaluated through the development of a housing system.

Strips are then alkalized or hydrated by soaking it in a solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NAOH) or steamed water for a duration of 24 to 36 hours

The fine fibers are then allowed to dry for 6 to 9 hours

The dried strips are then beaten up against any surface to separate the fibers

Extracted Long Fibers are then allowed to dry for 6 hours C

B

1

Specimen 1 - long strand

VISCOSE Fibers

Dried Strips are then cut into smaller size

Strips are dried and then grinded

Extracted short fine fibers after blending

Fibers are made ready for the composite casting

Viscose Fibers doesn't require any process.

They are directly used for the fabrication of composite

The forms of fiber for the reinforcement is

a very important factor as it contributes to the strength and stiffness of the material. Our Experimentation in-

2

volved three different forms of fibers for reinforcement, of which viscose fibers were sourced from an Industry. long and the short fine fibers were produced from the

Specimen 2 - Short strand

strips through a simplified process. Plates of specific size were then cast using hand layup and ramming technique with polyester as a matrix. The plates once cast, will be tested with loads under certain conditions

3

to understand their structural performance through

Specimen 3 - Viscous

mechanical and physical properties of the composite.

This will later be evaluated for seismic inputs to understand its potential and limitation.

Fabrication Process : The general construction process for the specimens can

4

be explained as follows 1. wooden battens are bolted to form the framework followed by

laminating with polypropylene or any

non sticky film.

2. spandex fabric is stretched and anchored at the corners and it acts a base for the framework

5

3. First layer of matrix is laid 4. Fibers of any form ( long strands, chips , viscose) is then laid followed by the second layer of matrix 5. Fibers are then pressed against the matrix to make them aligned and to get amalgamated with the resin or matrix

6

6. The mixture or composite is then allowed to dry for a certain time interval and once its hardened, it can be removed

11

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

Bamboo strips are Extracted from Bamboo Culms

3

SHORT Fibers PRODUCTION

2

1

INITIAL PROCESS

A

LONG Fibers PRODUCTION

Material Production and Moulding Technique

Material Testing and Digital Analysis Cantilevered condition

Simply supported condition

δ=

P

P L3 48 E I

B

A

50

650

=

P a2 6EI

a

b

( 3L- a )

P

δ

50

L

P : Load L : Span E : Elastic modulus I : Moment of inertia

δ

δ

L

P : Load L : Span E : Elastic modulus I : Moment of inertia δ : Maximum deflection

δ: Maximum deflection

Deflection ( In mm )

Simply supported condition

A

A

Load ( In Kg)

B

B

Deflection ( In mm )

Cantilevered condition

Load ( In Kg) specimen A

C

+ VISCOSE Fibers specimen - B

specimen B specimen C

C

=

SHORT Fibers / WHISKERS specimen - C

SHORT Fibers + VISCOSE specimen - D

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

D

D

Deflection ( In mm )

specimen - E

Load ( In Kg)

specimen A specimen B

E

12

E

specimen C specimen D specimen E

Total Displacement

Total Shear Stress

The experimental investigation of the effect of loading with forms of fiber and polyester as the matrix leads us to the following conclusions.

It has been observed that the mechanical properties of the composite are influenced by the fiber volume fraction.

From Specimen 3, we understood that fiber alignment is not the only factor which affects mechanical performance, the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the resin also have a significant effect in the performance. The short fibers had better cohesion with the matrix , which was observed during the fabrication process as it offered a better workability.

Specimen 2 was found to have a higher elastic limit but poor yield strength. On the contrary, specimen 1 and specimen 3 were observed to be more stiff, with higher yield strength and low level of elasticity.

Specimen - C

Cantilever load test gave us a better understanding about the material property. In terms of elasticity both the specimens had high limits, but we can observe that specimen 5 with the bio-epoxy resin as the matrix performed better in terms of yield strength proving to be a ductile material. This could potentially be an advantageous aspect for application in seismically active regions. Having obtained the properties of material through these physical tests, this can be now digitized to set up an experiment to evaluate the material for seismic inputs.

Since both the specimens were cast with the same ratio of fiber to the resin, we can clearly evaluate and compare them based on the type of matrix. Specimen 5 and specimen 4 almost had closer values of displacement with respect to the application of loads. Also from the graph, we can clearly see that the combination of fibers has enhanced the elastic properties of specimen 4 and specimen 5, which are clearly distinct from the first three specimens. The maximum load we could able to test was 50 kg, as both, the specimens resisted the load with near values of deflection, cantilever load test can be done to obtain a better clarity to evaluate the performance.

This process explains the fabrication method. Layering of material allowed to build on a fabric form-work mold by spreading the mixture of resin and short fibers without compromising the target shape. The initial coating of the resin with the framework.

The fiber to resin ratio can be varied to control the thickness of the composite. From the precedents, we understood that adding a filler element like particles of Alumina (Al2O3 ) could potentially enhance the strength of the composite.

However for large scale surface applications hand layup process would not be a significant method. Spray layup method can be assembled by simple vacuum and compressors.

Specimen - D

Specimen - E

Prototype

Flexible form work construction

1

Self Weight

17.64 N

Thickness

14 mm

Spandex Fabric

0.024 m2

Drying time

12 Hours

Short Fibers

500 g

Polyester Resin

1500 g

Fiber to resin ratio 30 %

5

Fabric formwork coated with layer of Polyester Resin

FInal phase of application

3 First phase of

application

6

Second and final phase of fiber application followed by drying

4 First phase of fiber

application followed by drying for 30 minutes

7

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

2

Rigid Formwork removal

For complete production follow the link below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ce7na2YiusE

13

System Development

The system start only from one single surface and is divided into to zones, the X and Y zones. This two zones are pulled into two different direction. In this case , the X zones were pulled down and the Y zones goes into another direction.

The surface is created between these two zones that basically divides the zones with one single surface.

This system can be expanded into three dimensional space by adding another layers of X & Y in both vertical and horizontal direction. The repetition itself can starts from a very simple arrangement into a very complex one.

Condition 1 - cells at middle of the grid

Based upon the position of the cells in the grid, different types of enclosures will be created in order to achieve interesting spatial configurations based up on three different conditions.

- Cells along the corners - Cells along the edge boundary - Cells in the middle This will be further modified by the fitness criteria assigned to achieve more variation in terms of spatial configuration.

Condition 2 - Cells at the edge boundary

Based upon the spatial and functional requirements, primitives are set for each typology with differing boundary condition range.

12 cell configurations are set for Live-work typology and 16 cell configurations are set for live-work-retail typology. The system will be developed through multi criteria evaluation with three different fitness criteria. the system with maximum habitable space would be the prime choice of evaluation.

Condition 3 - Cells at the corners

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

Level zero

14

1

Level 0 Floor

2

Level 1 Floor

3

Level one

Level 0 Enclosure

4

Level 1 Enclosure

Multi Objective Optimization Setup Maximum Habitable area

Fitness Criteria 01 (F1 ) Maximum Habitable area Fitness Criteria 03 (F3 )

Maximum interior area of solar exposure

Maximum open space area

Minimum Displacement

Fitness Criteria 02 (F2 ) Minimum Displacement Lateral loads : 4 KN Specific Weight: 14.6 KN

Fitness Criteria 03 (F )

3 Tensile Strength: 14.0 KN Maximum interior area of solar exposure Elastic Modulus: 0.35 Gpa Thickness : 10 cm

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

Level - 1

Level - 0

Base Isolator

Private Spaces

Semi Private Spaces / Open Courtyard

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G 018.10

74 m2 0.014 m 018.54 m2 03.75 m2

G 031.05

106.9 m2 0.014 m 19.86 m2 07.35 m2

G 045.09

89.756 m2 0.03 m 28.57 m2 04.2 m2

G 081.08

97.656 m2 0.014 m 33.12 m2 06.52 m2

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

TYPE - 01

16

G 024.18

G 028.09

84.75 m2 0.007 m 016.31 m2 06.75 m2

94.19 m2 0.04 m 07.689 m2 06.134 m2

G 035.08

G 041.19

110.6 m2 0.007 m 16.84 m2 04.61 m2

121.9 m2 0.04 m 14.86 m2 09.18 m2

G 058.10

G 072.04

86.89 m2 0.03 m 18.52 m2 01.16 m2

102.5 m2 0.014 m 23.12 m2 08.22 m2

G 091.02

G 120.03

102.6 m2 0.007 m 34.8 m2 09.15 m2

105.7 m2 0.04 m 43.6 m2 23.28 m2

TYPE - 02

92.65 m2 0.46 m 158.57 m2 7.56 m2

30.09 m2 0.03 m 158.57 m2 49.2 m2

G 020.04

G 035.15

134.79 m2 0.014 m 36.6 m2 10.42 m2

G 054.05

131.6 m2 0.007 m 17.8 m2 09.05 m2

G 072.06

138.57 m2 0.014 m 22.6 m2 12.02 m2

G 095.19

148.4 0.007 m 18.8 m2 09.05 m2

G 102.18

148.5 m2 0.03 m 15.57 m2 09.156 m2

G 112.08

151.56 m2 0.03 m 21.52 m2 19.16 m2

G 120.10

162.65 m2 0.014 m 19.12 m2 24.62 m2

138.56 m2 0.03 m 28.52 m2 16.32 m2

G 053.23

138.9 m2 0.04 m 15.6 m2 17.56 m2

G 089.15

157.14 m2 0.04 m 16.8 m2 18.75 m2

G 107.04

153.27 m2 0.014 m 21.12 m2 21.52 m2

G 128.04

128.5 m2 0.014 m 36.12 m2 18.52 m2

TYPE - 03

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

30.09 m2 0.03 m 158.57 m2 49.2 m2

On the whole, it can be said that the strategies applied in this experiment were successful in relation to all the contradicting criteria as the geometry evolved were purely based on the spatial targets and the program distribution in the form of cells. The ultimate goal was not only to achieve maximum habitable area but also to obtain a self stabilizing System. We can observe from the results that in few cases, the displacement values for given load conditions were considerably larger, those individuals were not considered for the evaluation. The criteria for achieving maximum open spaces generated opportunities for achieving high solar exposure levels which had a greater impact on the overall variation. Thus the fittest individuals can potentially be further developed by evaluating them through environmental inputs and structural inputs, which could then potentially be developed for a housing system.

17

Karamba Analysis - Fittest Individual

+ 0.46 m

+ 0.63 m

+ 0.64m

- 0.46 m

- 0.63 m

- 0.64 m

-168.6%

-131.5%

> 148.4%

> 106.7%

Displacement

-261.4%

> 271.3 % TYPE 01

TYPE 04

TYPE 02

Utilization

Responsive Spectrum Analysis [Ansys] Shear Elastic Strain

+ 0.71 m

-131.5%

- 0.71 m

> 106.7%

TYPE 03 Construction Sequence

TOTAL DEFORMATION

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

On the whole, it can be said that the strategies applied in this experiment were successful in relation to all the contradicting criteria as the geometry evolved were purely based on the spatial targets and the program distribution in the form of cells.

The ultimate goal was not only to achieve maximum habitable area but also to obtain a self stabilizing System. We can observe from the results that in few cases, the displacement values for given load conditions were considerably larger, those individuals were not considered for the evaluation.

The criteria for achieving maximum open spaces generated opportunities for achieving high solar exposure levels which had a greater impact on the overall variation. Thus the fittest individuals can potentially be further developed by evaluating them through environmental inputs and structural inputs, which could then potentially be developed for a housing system.

Structural analysis was conducted in order to understand the zones with higher utility rate of tension and compression for the applied loading conditions . For a much larger load, the displacement values were still minimum which shows a potential for the system to be developed at a building scale and demonstrates the efficiency of an optimized geometry in relation to the overall structural performance. This also helps in deciding the distribution of material density within the system. However further experimentation is needed to investigate if the real limitations of the material system are the ones obtained with this simulation.

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An exploration was conducted on the fittest individual of each typology. Variation of height, dimension and orientation of the openings is evaluated in terms of solar radiation ans sunlight hours analysis to determine what parameters are more effective to control the environmental performance of the system.

The experiment aims to understand what kind of modifications can be made to the geometries of each typology to be effective to maximize the solar radiation and thus the thermal gain of the structure. Few parameters are tested to in relation to the environmental performance in order to calibrate a more effective environmental strategy for the housing system of each typology.

ANALYSIS SETUP

The analysis is conducted in the Rhino + Grasshopper environment with the plug-in Ladybug. The environmental data used for the experiment are relative to the area of Kathmandu. The models are tested with two different kinds of analysis: - Direct solar radiation (KWh/m2) on the shell calculated on an annual period - Daily sunlight hours (h) received on the interior floor area calculated in the two peak periods of June 21 (summer solstice) and December 21 (winter solstice).

TEST PARAMETERS Number of apertures: This parameter is the most influential in directly affecting the exposure of interior spaces to the solar radiation.

Height of the apertures : This parameter affects the configuration of the structure. The experiment tests two different heights. 1 m and 2.5 m

N

SOLAR RADIATION ANALYSIS: Direct radiation on the exterior surface

Number of apertures: 3 Total Radiation : 253752.3 kwh/m2 Height of apretures : 1.2 m

Number of apertures: 10 Total Radiation : 243311.41 kwh/m2 Height of apretures : 1.2 m

Solar radiation Weather file Kathmandu Period: Annual

Number of apertures: 3 Sunlight hours : 1.86 hours Height of apretures : 1.2 m

Number of apertures: 10 Total Radiation : 2.29 hours Height of apertures : 2.4 m

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

SUNLIGHT HOUR ANALYSIS : Direct Solar exposure on the interior floor area

Sun light hours Weather file Kathmandu Period:21st June

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B

12.09 m Semi Open Porch

Living Spaces

A-A' B-B'

13.50 m A

A'

Total Area 114.27 Square meters Number of occupants - 4 to 6 Level -0 Area - 62.85 Square meters Level - 1 Area - 51.324 Square meters

B'

Level - 0

Semi Open Porch

+ 6.50 m

+ 5.00 m Level - 1 + 3.00 m Level - 0

+ 1.50 m Âą 0.00 m

Base Isolator

Private Spaces

Semi Private Spaces / Open Courtyard

+ 6.50 m + 5.00 m

Level - 1

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

Level - 0

+ 3.00 m

+ 1.50 m

Âą 0.00 m

Base Isolator

20

Semi Private Spaces / Open Courtyard

Private Spaces

B

15.85 m

Semi Open Porch

The developed continuous surface geometry channels better circulation, natural ventilation, light and can be efficient than the existing housing system but its level of seismic performance still remains partially unanswered. In the

Living Spaces

A-A' B-B'

current stage of development, the system can provide effectual solutions for medium scale housing construction which have the potential for adaptive response to social, spatial and environmental inputs and remain resistant to the seismic inputs to an extent.

19.15 m

A

A'

Total Area 145.13 Square meters Number of occupants - 8 to 10 Level -0 Area - 75.82 Square meters

Level - 0 B'

Semi Open Porch

Level - 1 Area - 65.31 Square meters

+ 6.50 m

+ 5.00 m Level - 1 + 3.00 m Level - 0

+ 1.50 m Âą 0.00 m

Semi Private Spaces / Open Courtyard

Base Isolator

Private Spaces

+ 6.50 m + 5.00 m

Level - 0

+ 3.00 m

+ 1.50 m

Âą 0.00 m

Base Isolator

Semi Private Spaces / Open Courtyard

Private Spaces

21

Fibre - Composite System Emtech Dissertation

Level - 1

WALK - IN KIOSK

Fluid Lines Skeleton

10 Mtrs Customer

4 Mtrs

Staff entrance

Walk in Kiosk is developed from the principles of fluid lines these lines are generated from parametric algorithm which is governed by the social attractors on the street.

Frames create partial enclosure which allows ample light creating a synergy between the built and open spaces. Spatial utilization is dynamic and flexible.

Road

Seating Area

kitchen

Kitchen can be setup within the closed portion of the kiosk and spaces produced between the frames can be used for storage and other services. Seating for the customer is a major challenge in any kiosk. Structure is developed through the principles of fluidity which generates spaces and seating as an integral part of the design. System developed is an generic structural modal which is flexible to accommodate any spatial needs. It can expand to any length required.

Panels can be built between the frames to provide advertising boards and graphics for the franchise. These panels can be modified to provide menu and other information to the customer.

Hypothetical site

Spatial configuration

Professional C.N.C milling would be required to cut the plywood / hardboard sheets in the desired shape of the frames . precision is required to punch exact hole for the galvanised rods to fit.

Tensile roof can be provided between the frames to cover the structure in case of rain. Fixtures should be developed for the tarpaulin on the roof.

Model is parametric it can be modified according to ones need further details and changes will be made after the conversation.

Number of Frames - 8 Area of Frames - 23 Sqmts Frame work - Kitchen 0.45 Mtrs

Walk - In Kiosk Fluid Lines structure

Number of Frames - 14 Area of Frames - 15.8 Sqmts Frame work -Seating 1

Number of Frames - 10 Area of Frames - 7.8 Sqmts Frame work -Seating 2

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Number of Frames - 32 Area of Frames - 47 Sqmts Frame work - Entire Kiosk

Seating frames - 1 18 mm thick ply wood/ 18 mm hard board with water proof laminate Seating frames - 2 18 mm thick ply wood/ 18 mm hard board with water proof laminate

Connecting rods 25mm 0 galvanised iron rod

Seating / kitchen Platform Seating / kitchen storage

Shelter frames for kitchen 18 mm thick ply wood/ 18 mm hard board with water proof laminate

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Walk - In Kiosk Fluid Lines structure

18 mm thick ply wood/ 18 mm hard board with water proof laminate

Robotic Arm - Exploration

Workshop - Design and Build

The main intent of “Design & Build� this year focuses on composite material systems, to explore the design, detailing and construction of a pavilion or canopy. The main idea is to propose a design to be built as a composite structure, integrating a membrane with a linear or sheet material. Apart from physical tests and digital experiments, the use of KUKA robots to harness significant tolerance and accuracy is explored.

This was a parallel research that will be conducted within the parameters of this specific project to understand the functionality of robots and their use in the architectural realm.

The project basically consists of two primary components: 1) Plywood: of one or varying thickness and/or dimensions 2) Latex: of standard size and physical properties

Robotic Arm - Exploration Workshop - Design Build

The secondary component is the contact glue which bonds the plywood to the latex thus relating back to the idea of a composite material system. The main aim

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is to deform the plywood sheet, under the influence of the elastic energy stored inside the latex membrane. Thus the following methodology was followed as a part of the initial physical experiment: 1) Stretch the latex to its maximum limit or more 2) Apply contact glue on the plywood panel and latex membrane 3) Position the panel on to the membrane 4) Release the latex slowly, allowing the panel to deform Relating to the design parameters of this project, the aim is to investigate and understand of robots in three broad categories namely, 1) Gluing Process for plywood and latex separately 2) Picking and placing the plywood on to the latex 3) Pre stretching the latex membrane The research will include designing and developing the end effectors specific to each category and their functionality in relation to time, material behaviour and accuracy.

Brush holder

Bracing

Electromagnets

3-d printed Brush holder

Bracing to be build

Metal Brackets

Electromagnetic wired and screwed

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Robotic Arm - Exploration Workshop - Design Build

Electromagnetic holder plywood

Manchester urban Tissue redesign Core Studio II (Emtech)

Manchester Urban Tissue redesign Core studio 1 (Emtech)

The aim of the study was to investigate a new design model that aims to shape a new high density location in the city of Manchester, connected with the existent urban tissue. The design is based on the idea of creating a new urban network connected to the existing public transport system and the main attractor points around the area. The percentage of green area as well as the building plot coverage were related with the density gradient and according to the existing conditions on site.

The research was divided into two branches, the first branch was a study of the city tissue of 3 different cities. Aspects, such as density and green areas were analysed with the support of data and charts.

In the second branch, a design for a part of Manchester was developed.

In the first part, density gradient was generated in relation to its inner road network and the affecting outside factors. Parallel to it, an algorithmic subdivision of the plot generated the pattern of the primary road network. It was optimized to obtain the shortest walk between the public transport stops. A green space strategy was defined in relation with the density gradient and the primary road network.

Consequently a subdivision algorithm was used to generate the secondary network and the plot size. This part of the computation defined the footprint of the buildings and the private greens within the pots.

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MANCHESTER CITY ETIHAD STADIUM

MANCHESTER PICCADILLY

MANCHESTER CITY FOOTBALL ACADEMY

STEP 1

STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5

STEP 6

PROPOSED SITE

The main road should make public transport more accessible. The study of all public transport stops was done, to determine the options around the site. A distance benchmark was set to 300m or a 5 minute walk. The circle is the area that was not covered.

The nodes that had to be connected with the inside road were established, and a link between them was created. A common point for two links were found in reference to the first bus stop. Since one bus stop didn’t meet the requirements for public transport accessibility, a second one was created on a road. A connection between the designed nodes and the external points were created.

The density distribution was strictly connected to the attractor points around the area, and the networks(existing and planned). Since the primary network going through the site was designed to facilitate the access to communication networks and public transport, most of the population was gathered around it. For the same reason, the Ashton Old Road was used as a magnet to the density.

The network system, consisting of vehicular movement and pedestrian paths. Plots were generated to accommodate appropriate built forms. EIegen vector system was incorporated. Major nodes were defined according to the connective proximity from the transient points. Primary vehicular network was generated. Minor nodes were derived from the closeness proximity to the primary network, the secondary vehicular network was created.

Using the rules of proximity, pedestrian network was made. Plots were subdivided according to the required appropriate area according to the density attractors. The objective of the study was to understand hierarchical network system and develop blocks according to the plot coverage area.

OPEN SPACES

HIERARCHY SYSTEM

PUBLIC PARKS

PEDESTRIAN VEGETATION

CONTEXT EAST MANCHESTER GREEN SPACE S

NETWORK STRATEGY

RESIDENTIAL ZONE BUILDING TYPOLOGY

PRIVATE GARDENS

PRIMARY NODES PUBLIC TRANSPORT

TERRACE GARDENS

3 STOREY OFFICE - 5 % COMMERCIAL - 5% RECREATIONAL -5 % RESIDENTIAL - 85 %

MEDIUM

HIGH

DENSITY

DENSITY

COURT YARD

SKY SCRAPER

SECONDARY NODES VEHICLE TRANSPORT

TERTIARY NODES PEDESTRIAN

OFFICE - 10 % COMMERCIAL - 5% RECREATIONAL -15 % RESIDENTIAL - 70 %

OFFICE - 60 % COMMERCIAL - 15% RECREATIONAL -10 % RESIDENTIAL - 5 %

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Manchester Urban Tissue redesign Core studio 1 (Emtech)

LOW DENSITY

ETIHAD STADIUM [DENSITY REPULSION POINT ]

PRIMARY NETWORK [DENSITY ATTRACTOR POINT]

STEP 1

ASHTON OLD ROAD [DENSITY ATTRACTOR POINT]

Density Distribution

STEP 2

HIGH DENSITY MEDIUM DENSITY LOW DENSITY SINGLE BLOCK GREEN SPACES

Building Types

STEP 3 EXTERNAL NODES PRIMARY NODES SECONDARY NODES

Manchester Urban Tissue redesign Core studio 1 (Emtech)

TERRITORY NODES

High Density Sky Scraper

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Medium Density Tower I

Medium Density Tower

Low Density Courtyard

STEP 4

C.F.D Analysis High Density - Sky Scraper

C.F.D Analysis at Height - 40 mtrs

C.F.D Analysis Medium Density

C.F.D Analysis at Height - 20 mtrs

C.F.D Analysis Medium Density

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Manchester Urban Tissue redesign Core studio 1 (Emtech)

C.F.D Analysis at Height - 60 mtrs

Manchester Urban Tissue Generation - Housing District Population - 1,000,000

Site Elevation

C.F.D Analysis of the proposed District at speed 45 km/h

The process logic has its first step with the plot hierarchical subdivision by an algorithm. Each cell of the plot have its dimension between 400m2 and 5000m2. The plots are ranked by distance from the attractor point previously defined and they are divided in three different categories.

Three different building morphologies are attributed to each of those categories and a green strategy is developed for the private areas of the buildings. The private green areas as well as the building façades are meshed and evaluated in order to get the maximum solar exposure.

Interestingly the façade exposure value, in both the scenarios, has a drop between the 10th and the 20th generation, while it slightly rise between the 20th and the30th. The ground floor exposure value, with in the first 20 generation, has opposite trends. However, the values reach the stability between the 20th and the30th generation.

As well as the previous fitness criteria, the building volume has an opposite trend respectively for the two scenarios.

This trend tends to stabilize over around the 30th generation.

The Low Density building has a “Courtyard”shape morphology, and the green space amount vary in a range between 35 and 45% of the total area of the cell. After having defined the centroid of the cell and its distance from the attractor points, an algorithm is created to define the private green area in relation with the percentage range previously described.

Since its location in the low density areas of the plot, this building typology is designed to enhance the solar exposure of the façades and maximize the private green exposure.

Manchester Urban Tissue redesign Core studio 1 (Emtech)

C.F.D Analysis of the proposed District at speed 45 km/h

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C.F.D Analysis of the proposed District at speed 30 km/h

C.F.D Analysis of the proposed District at speed 15 km/h

Another possible investigation which can be elaborated would be the parametrization of the criteria with a proper weight which would allow to reach an higher equilibrium between the values of fitness criteria satisfaction.

The High density building morphology has a fully extruded shape and its amount of green space vary in a range between 10 and 20% of the total area of the cell. The size of the blocks vary between XX and YY. The strategy is firstly defining the centroid of the cell and its distance from the attractor points. Consequently, the algorithm defines the private green area in relation with the percentage range previously described. Since its location close to the main network axis, this building typology is designed to enhance the its volume in order to accommodate a greater number of inhabitants.

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Manchester Urban Tissue redesign Core studio 1 (Emtech)

A series of experiments is run on a portion of entire plot. There are created two scenarios with 80% residential, 20% commercial destination and 60%residential, 40% commercial respectively. Thirty generation are run for each scenario and each fitness criteria is studied and optimized in order to obtain the best calibration between them. On the basis of these data, further exploration will concentrate on the enhancement of the first two fitness-criteria. Possible solutions can be developed through a morphology improvement of the building with an internal court. This modify would allow more sun to penetrate into the private garden area.

Reconfigurable Modular System

Core Studio - I material system

Every material has embedded within it a set of physical, chemical and mechanic properties that define it. Understanding these and using them to inform the development of a system makes the design process organic and at the same time highly methodical. The outcome of this process is an expression of the material itself.

This project focuses on wood’s hygroscopic and orthotropic properties but also takes advantage of its fiber composition and flexibility, which allows it to store elastic energy. A number of material experiments were performed, mostly dealing with the lamination of wood veneer with a non-hygroscopic material (waterproof tape) and subjecting it to drastic changes in relative humidity to cause a deformation due to differential expansion within the orthotropic laminate material.

After conclusion from those experiments, the projects focus divided in two. On one hand, it was aimed at the development of a material system that could translate the behaviour of the previously developed laminate material into the architectural scale.

On the other, it was aimed at the design of a geometrical system that could achieve various stable configurations and alternate between them using local, punctual actuators.

Intense study on the isotropic behaviour of hygroscopic pollens helped us to understand the possible system can be achieved from the isotropic materials.

Curvature Angle 5 °

This led to the development of a new component that could take advantage of other material properties of wood such as fiber directionality and flexibility. For the following experiments plywood was used as a material system. Because of the way in which it is constructed, with layers of veneer that alternate the direction of their grain, plywood is flexible in both of its axis allowing it to take torsion and store elastic energy.

Using these properties as design drivers, a new component capable of storing elastic energy within it was developed. The design and prototyping of various jointing solutions and fabrication strategies that would facilitate the assembly and disassembly processes was key for the development of the project in order to achieve a system capable of global adaptation through local reconfiguration. After testing a bilayer logic to scale our system, further experiments were made on materials. The objective of this experiment was to understand the limitations and behaviour of plywood, in terms of deformations when forces applied. This experiment shows how manipulating the relation of width and length of the strips and perpendicular wood grain direction, it formed a unique bending behaviour which was tested on the component.

The final configuration of the component’s strips were fabricated relating the inner angle of the component and the direction of the grain of plywood. By this technique, we increase the element’s flexibility and torsion.

Curvature Angle 16 °

Curvature Angle 45 °

Angle of Twisting 4 °

Angle of Twisting 9 °

Angle of Twisting 9 °

Pre - stressed strip

Reconfigurable System Core studio 1 (Emtech)

Defined angle

30 cm

Initial geometry with zero degree of rotation.

30 cm

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3 cm

Rotation of the upper strip along the component’s central axis to the predetermined angle (x). Central elements get separated and elastic energy tries to reverse the rotation.

The central element are re-shaped to meet each other. A simple slot makesthem lock in position and store the elastic energy from the rotation, adding stiffness to the component.

Geometrical optimization of central elements.

SYSTEM AGGREGATION By joining nine components in a three by three grid we obtain a region, the smallest possible configuration in which all conditions are present (central, edge, and corner). Control over the stiffness and curvature in a given region is obtained by variation in the amount of rotation in each component conforming it.

The resulting geometry always approximates a hyperbolic paraboloid. The global geometry is generated through the addition of multiple regions populating a given square grid.

To define which region to use for each cell on the global grid, structural analysis is performed on a hyperbolic surface with specific anchor points and loads. The data obtained is used to inform the populating of regions for that given global configuration. REGIONAL VARIATION Throughout the assembly process, each component has to travel a specific distance to meet with its adjacent components. This distance is directly related to the amount of elastic energy that gets stored within the system, which adds rigidity to the structure but can make it fail if it exceeds the material limit of plywood. In order to understand how much this distance varies with each combination of components, all possible combinations were mapped.

From this analysis together with material tests it was deduced that a 45° component cannot meet another one of its type since the torsion generated causes the material to fail. In order to ensure that this rule was kept throughout the global aggregation, 45° angled components were only positioned at the centre of each region.

a

b c d e f

a: 45° - 45° = 191mm b: 45° - 30° = 163mm c: 45° - 15° = 130mm d: 30° - 30° = 135mm e: 30° - 15° = 102mm f: 15° - 15° = 70mm

Surface approximation - 0° Components

30°

15°

Surface approximation - 15° Components

Surface approximation - 30° Components

Surface approximation - 45° Components

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Reconfigurable System Core studio 1 (Emtech)

45°

Global Geometry

Maximum Buckling

In order to avoid having two adjacent 45 ° components, they were only positioned in the centre of each region. Parting from that rule, all possible regional combinations were digitally generated. From each one, a torsion value was extracted by adding all of the distances that each component must travel within each region.

This value is then used to define the selection of a region for a given position on global configuration. After establishing these rules, the possible aggregation within this system are shown below.

Three possible configurations with different anchor and load conditions were explored digitally and one of them was physically prototyped. A method for post-stressing the system by punctual deformations using a belt mechanism in order to add local rigidity was also explored.

JOINT SYSTEM Each component has an amount of torsion applied by rotating one of its ends in relation to the other, giving its stiffness. In order to connect these pieces the joints need to allow some displacement and tolerance for the naked edges to meet. Additionally, they are responsible for generating the bending and twisting when the components are put together.

Reconfigurable System Core studio 1 (Emtech)

This configuration generates a virtual hyperbolic paraboloid. The next experiments show studies to find the appropriate solution to the system.

The solution that showed itself to be efficient was using polypropylene connections and plastic screws in order to decrease the friction between the plywood components and give the needed tolerance and result. The system developed opens itself to a wide range of possibilities in terms of function and organization. Although some of these options have already been explored through digital models and physical prototypes, there are still many possibilities left unexplored. Even though the 45° component could handle the amount of torsion when isolated, after aggregating it with more components the torsion added by the fabrication process caused it to fail.

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Therefore, the three variations of the component (15°, 30°, and 45°) should be re-considered.

Further testing is needed focused at the post-tensioning of the system by punctual deformations. It is possible that the tension added by these deformations might be enough to replace the differential tensioning by component variation. This would mean having only one component type populating the grid and using the stress data from the structural analysis to apply local deformations along the surface and achieve differential rigidity.

The jointing solution used for the connection between components allows for a pre-assembly of every component off-site and the relatively quick assembly of the entire system in site. It also allows for the pre-assembly of regions that can accommodate their size to the transportation constraints of every particular case. Polypropylene was used for these joints on the latest prototype because of its ability to take some of the torsion applied on each component during the assembly process and because contrary to the fabric joints explored, it allows the aforementioned reconfigurability.

Other materials such as thin sheet metal could be explored as a more stable and permanent solution since the polypropylene joints were allowing too much deformation, causing the system to lose some stiffness. Boundary conditions and supports for different configurations must be designed and prototyped.

Future developments are possible along the lines of exploration of the system in different materials. Surface in between the grid can be achieved by using fabric or composite material.

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Sustainable Housing

Ethos Competition

SKELETAL ROW HOUSING CAN BE THE BEST SOLUTION FOR THE AREAS WHERE ITS DIFFICULT TO CONSTRUCT ON SITE. PRE FABRICATED ELEMENTS CAN BE MANUFACTURED IN THE FACTORY AND ASSEMBLED ON THE SITE. THE LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES CAN BE MANUFACTURED OUT OF RECYCLED METALS LIKE ALUMINIUM,STEEL AND IRON AS CORE SUBSTANCE AND REINFORCED BY MESHES AND PLASTIC FINISHES MAKING THEM WATER PROOF,DURABLE AND WEATHER RESISTANT. ASSEMBLY CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE REDUCES THE CONSTRUCTION TIME OF THE PROJECT AND GIVES CONTROL OVER THE MATERIAL MAINTENANCE REDUCING THE MATERIAL DAMAGE. FLEXIBLE FRAME WORK ALLOWS THE DESIGNERS AND CONTRACTOR TO CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE PANELLING MATERIAL ACCORDING TO THE BUDGET AND REQUIREMENT. TRANSPARENT/TRANSLUCENT PANELLING MATERIAL ALLOWS SUFFICIENT LIGHT INSIDE THE BUILDING REDUCING THE EFFORTS TO BUILD OPENINGS. PANELLING SYSTEM ALLOWS THE USERS TO USE PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS AND GENERATE POWER SUFFICIENT FOR HOUSE HOLD USE MAKING IT ZERO EMISSION BUILDING COLUMN FREE SPACE FOR THE INTERIOR GIVES THE USERS GREAT FREEDOM TO CREATE PARTITIONS ACCORDING TO THEIR BELIEVES AND COMFORT.

IN CASE OF SEVERE CALAMITY DAMAGED PARTS CAN BE RE MOULDED AND THE STRUCTURE CAN BE RECONSTRUCTED ON THE SITE HENCE REDUCING THE PROPERTY LOSS. AS THE WHOLE STRUCTURE IS PARAMETRIC THERE IS ALWAYS SCOPE FOR ANALYSIS AND EXTENSION THE STRUCTURE. MAKING THE STRUCTURE SUSTAINABLE FOR FUTURE EXPANSIONS AND EXPERIMENTATIONS

Sustainable housing Ethos Competition

SEAHORSES USE THEIR PREHENSILE TAILS TO HIDE FROM PREDATORS BY GRASPING AND HOLDING ONTO SEAWEED AND CORAL. ALTHOUGH MOST OF THE SEA-HORSE'S PREDATORS CAPTURE THEM

BY CRUSHING THEM, THE ANIMAL'S PREHENSILE TAIL CAN BE COMPRESSED TO ABOUT HALF OF ITS ORIGINAL WIDTH BEFORE IT IS COMPLETELY CRUSHED AND DAMAGED BEYOND REPAIR. THE TEAM DISCOVERED THIS BY COMPRESSING SEGMENTS FROM SEAHORSES’ TAILS AT DIFFERENT ANGLES. THE LOAD BEARING MECHANISM OF DERMAL PLATES HAS INSPIRED ME TO DEVELOP THE SKELETAL DESIGN ,WHICH COULD HAVE THE STRENGTH TO HOLD LOAD MORETHAN DESIRED LEVELS. COLUMN FREE DESIGN INCREASES THE CARPET AREA AND GIVES FREEDOM TO THE INHABITANT TO CHANGE THE PARTITIONS ACCORDING TO THE NEED.

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FLOORING

WALLS

TRANSLUCENT F.R.P SHEETS

RECYCLABLE PANEL SUN SHADE

STRUCTURE DEVELOPED IS SKELETON SYSTEM FOR THE HABITANTS . USAGE OF CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS TO BUILD THE FRAME IS REPLACED BY RECYCLED ALUMINIUM. DIGITAL ANALYSIS ARE CONDUCTED TO OPTIMIZE THE SHAPE AND JOINTS FOR THE STRUCTURE.

IT IS OBSERVED THAT SKELETON STRUCTURE IS WEEK WHERE THE SPAN IS MORE THAN 3 METERS. AND EXTRA MEMBER IS DESIGNED TO AVOID THE SAG-AGE. KARAMBA ANALYSIS DEFORMED STRUCTURE

20 MM DIA METAL TUBES

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Sustainable housing Ethos Competition

METAL FRAME

Resilient City

UIA - HYP CUP

Design proposal tries to answer the question what happens if by 2500 all the nations were designated by cities and they have to live on water due to the sea level rise up-to 50 km and the high altitude land becomes the only land mass.

Inhabitants have to seek for alternative cities which can float and keep them safe for any natural calamity.

The word 'Resilience' is bandied about these days among environmental designers. In some quarters its threatening to displace another popular word 'sustainability'. This partly a reflection of newsworthy events like Hurricane sandy, Adding to a growing list of other disrupts events like tsunamis, draught and heat waves. we can't design for all such unpredictable events, but we could make sure our buildings and cities are better able to mitigate the lose of property and lives of the inhabitants.

This scenario raises the question are cities ready to face the catastrophic events are they ready to bounce back and get back to normal life at a large scale we need to be prepared for such events, which not only take millions of lives but also hindrance the progress of ones nations economy. we need more resilient

Tehran Iran

Pearl city China Los Angles United States

Resilient City UIA HYP CUP

designs to mitigate the impact and survive any such natural calamities. world map of most vulnerable cities In 2010 the United nations released a starling report on the trend towards 'endless cities predicting that within 40 years the world's largest cities will merge into 'Mega Cities' More than half the world's population currently live in cities and the report projects future Urbanization as unstoppable .

With 70 percent of the global population becoming urban by 2050. While the report notes the positive aspect of the trend, that cities are driving economic growth more than nation it also highlights the negative massive urban sprawl on that scale is not wasteful. it adds to transport costs, increasing energy consumption requires more resources and causes the loss of prime farm land.

Additionally cities will be more susceptible to the after effects of natural disaster and human made conflicts. Being more densely and bigger than ever before and still largely underwritten by out mode infrastructure that has bot being a sustained focus of resilience.

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Shanghai China Tokyo Yokohama Japan

Nagoya Japan Kolkata India

Manilla Philippines

Jakarta Indonesia

Resilient City UIA HYP CUP

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Major four spines goes around the structure. Which can be locomotive through the land as it can crawl like a snake through its spines and role when necessary (hypothetically). Due to its hull configuration structure is capable to float. These spines have the capacity to adapt to any rotation and absorb shock waves of any frequency.

Connecting tube-betweens the spine holds the structure and provides necessary services such as saline water purification and collect rain water absorbed by the water absorbing matt embedded in the facade system. Environmental regulating surfaces are developed which obstruct the harmful U.V rays . Spines also have the ability to expand when needed adjusting the require volume inside the city. Clusters of structure can form a city support each other in various situations.

Self assembling facade system is installed which adapt to the exterior environment to maintain interior environment to human comfort and agriculture in the green houses.

Facade system acts as defence system from high wind and high amplitude waves.

Embraces are available on the facade frames which are deployed to close the openings on the facade reducing the impact of storms.

Resilient City UIA HYP CUP

Facade in normal conditions act as power production system. Power is produced by the photovoltaic cells embedded on to the facade Automatic actuating system in the facade regulate the amount of wind blowing inside the structure and regulates the micro

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climate inside the structure. Humidity from atmosphere is collected on to the water absorbing matt on the facade and channelised for irrigation inside.

Evolution of life is classified in two categories vertebrates (locomotive creatures ) and invertebrates (single cell organisms). Locomotion is one of the advanced feature which has evolved our centuries. Whether it can be a cheetah of Cobra their spine plays a vital role in moving fast .

Inception of the Conceptual design is an inspiration from process of movement and what causes it in living organisms. Can a structure be developed which could stimuli to the change in the environment and adapt to its needs and could be locomotive on land and water as well.

Which could also address the issue of rapid urbanisation in the year 2050 our cities are going to be overcrowded. Scarcity of resources and food may lead to crises in the major cities at such situation proposal of resilient city is justifiable .

Provision of agriculture in the vertebral city in the control environment increase the quality of the food. Proposal lack consideration of practical aspects it focus on how can you mitigate the impact of storm surges and techniques to be locomotive.

Actuators of facade

Photovoltaic cells

Water Absorption matt

Photo voltaic cells

Fog collecting matt Shields

Photovoltaic cells

Fabric matt

frames

Self organizing Frames

Tubes

Adjustable spring system

Skeletal system

Protective shell

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Resilient City UIA HYP CUP

Frame of the facade

Inverted Cube - Library

Design Proposal Metropolitan Corporation

The Inverted Cube was developed for the Design Competition held by Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad. The brief proposed an innovative building form and novel facade system, which enhances the luminance inside the library space of the building. The context was a triangular site in the busy zone of the city. Facilities like recreational spaces, food courts and coffee shops were included in the design. The proposal focuses on allocating 40% of the site area for parking facilities.

The height of the structure is restricted to 35 meters due to the norms and regulations of the zone. The objective was to improve the reading conditions for the readers by providing good luminance throughout the day and to encourage young students to indulge into reading and interacting with new people. Innovative forms and architectural systems are encouraged.

Challenges and scope of the brief drew my attention towards the competition. Initial concepts were driven to provide a competitive solution to enhance the luminance inside the building. Linear ribs system was chosen to run through the form and provide appropriate luminance in the building. The required spacing between the ribs was calculated to achieve maximum luminance inside the building. Form generation was challenging with the restrictions and site conditions. Site given is a triangular piece of land to maximise the space utilization of the upper floors, hence, uniform cantilevered floors needed to be developed.

in X-Y plane. Second rule was to rotate the cube in 45 degrees from the centre of the cube. Third rule was to immerse the cube in the ground. Triangular cross section was made as its base.

Service shaft runs through the building providing connectivity. Linear ribs system was applied to the form to generate intricate continuous linear facade to the building.

Entrances are provided from the three sides of the main road. Parking is provided in the cellar floors. Parking standards were followed and a parking space for 200 cars was provided. Three floors were allocated for parking. Space allocation for various functions was allocated as per the surface area achieved after the form generation.

Service lift was provided throughout the building connecting from the cellar to the top floor. Ground floor was allocated for administrative functions. Floors from the first floor to the fifth floor were assigned to the readers as a library. Distorted light is allowed inside these floors due to the varied thickness of the linear ribs. Staircases were provided in these floors, which act as reading spaces for the readers as well as interactive zones. Floors six, seven and eight are assigned for food courts and coffee shops as recreational and social spaces Linear ribs generate visual experience, it generates a sense of continuity into the inside. People passing from the building experience partial distorted sense of distance and space. Time lapse is observed by the users from the interiors as well as exteriors.

Inverted Cube - Library Metropolitan Corporation

Desired form was generated through a series of rules applied on the unit cube. First rule was to rotate the cube from its axis to 45 degrees from the centre of the base

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1

2

3

4

5

6

Inverted Cube - Library Metropolitan Corporation

43

Service Floor

27.0 mtrs

Service Floor

24.0 mtrs

Recreational Floor

21.0 mtrs

Recreational Floor

18.0 mtrs

Reading Floor

15.0 mtrs

Reading Floor

12.0 mtrs

Reading Floor

9.0 mtrs

Reading Floor

6.0 mtrs

Reading Floor

3.0 mtrs

Administrative Floor

0.0 mtrs

Car Parking

-3.0 mtrs

Car Parking

-6.0 mtrs

Service Floor

-9.0 mtrs

North ENTRANCE

Wooden Ribs

A'

West ENTRANCE

Retaining Concrete Ribs

A

Facade Glass

South ENTRANCE Retaining Wall

Service Lift Recreational And Services Floors

Inverted Cube - Library Metropolitan Corporation

Library - Reading Floors Administration Floor Cellar Car Parking

Entrance Podium

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North

Inverted Cube - Library Metropolitan Corporation

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Residential Villa

Design Proposal

The brief of the project was to design a residential villa in the outskirts of the city of Hyderabad in Telangana, India. Context was a serene location with open land and minimum vegetation. Spatial requirements were three bedrooms, a living room, study and spacious outdoor amenities. Challenges of the project were the strict budget and the utilization of local materials. Presence of red bricks around the context aided the design process, inspiring us to go sustainable and use the exposed brick facade system.

Passive cooling technique was encouraged to reduce the power consumption.

Blocks system determined by the wind flow simulation aided to the development of spatial spaces. Front block was determined to be the formal portion of the residence and later block was determined to be the in formal. Front block consists of an office area, a kitchen, a dining and a guest bedroom on the first floor and a penthouse on the second floor. Later portion consists of a double height living space with an option of mini theatre. Connecting bridge is the symbol of bond and connecting thread between the soul and the body.

Design process was driven by the constraints of brief. To achieve the passive cooling technique, the building was divided into two blocks. The orientation and the positions of the blocks are adjusted to create a low pressure zone between them. Low pressure zone was introduced by a water body that regulates the temperature of the wind. The size of the openings were increased to be more than the standard sizes with necessary reinforcements to allow more airflow into the building.

Virtual Wind simulation was run to analyse the wind flow across the site. Parameters were set to determine the best positions and orientation of the two blocks. Area for the vegetation was also considered in the simulation as maximum base area was subtracted from the built up area. Digital exploration was beneficial to determine the volumes of the block. Number of floors was determined as two floors with an additional mass on the front block..

Ground floor bridge leads to the Barbecue Porch. Barbecue Porch provides a recreational area to spend on the weekends. Living room is directly connected to the outdoor seating and the recreational area in the backyard. Backyard is well connected to the porch. Cascade is designed on the north east corner of the site, which enhances the quality of space. Cascade acts as a thermal mass and regulates the temperature of the backyard. Seating is designed to provide proper shading. Seats are reconfigurable and can be dismantled and arranged in another location.

Resident Villa Design proposal

Thick Brick walls delays the thermal mass transfer into the building and also provides structural strength to the building. Bricks are obtained from local vendors reducing the cost and the carbon footprint. A model of three bedroom flat with a penthouse was developed. One of the major advantage of the site is a flat land provides us the freedom of designing the built zone without constraints. Orientation and positioning of blocks needn't be adjusted according to the height differences.

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Landscape vegetation was designed to merge with the elevation of the building.

Tall trees were avoided to maintain the eye line visibility of the building. Palm trees, local bamboo shoots were placed on the east and west peripheral walls. Bamboo shoots and shrubs were placed at the entrance of the residence.

Ornamental shrubs were placed around the building's window sill to enhance the living conditions of the residents. Ornamental medium leaves were planted in the backyard and the seating area. Ornamental plants enhances the quality of space creating gleeful environment. Residence is well connected by the pavings. Maid's room and kitchen amenities is connected from the main entrance, secluded from the residence.

Resident Villa Design proposal

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8 9

10

7 6 5 4 2

1 - Garage 2 - Barbecue Porch 3 - Residence Part A 4 - Water Pond 5 - Connecting Bridge 6 - Staircase headroom 7 - Residence Part B 8 - Water cascade 9 - Seating 10 - Seating

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3

1

North ENTRANCE

Resident Villa Design proposal

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School Of Technical Studies

Design studio - VIII Semester

School of Technical Studies was a studio problem given to us in my VIII semester. The objective of the challenge was to design architectural space and emphasis was on the interaction of Landscape and built environment.

Site given to us was a contoured hill which had to be carved into the campus.

The highest point of the location was 6 meters elevated from the benchmark.

30 percentage of the land has to be utilized for the architectural space, and the rest 70 percentage was allocated for Vegetation, recreational spaces, and sports facilities.

I believe the combination of stairs and open walkways are the social spaces where students interact, rejoice, and meet new people. Walkways are used as tools of better connective and interactive spaces. Sports and physical activity enhance the quality of student life by giving them the opportunity to enjoy their leisure time as well as keeping them fit. Flatland was used to provide sports facilities such as volleyball court, Basketball court, and mini-cricket ground. Solar analysis was performed on the site to Understand the best possible orientation to gain maximum solar exposure. The wind rose analysis was run to understand the wind flow on the site. Architectural design emerged from the integrated result of solar analysis, and wind rose analysis Solar analysis results were used to orient the blocks for the maximum lighting inside the building. Pathways are designed to enhance the wind flow into the campus.

School of Technical Studies Design Studio - VIII semester

The vegetation covers 60 percentage of the land out of which 40 percentage are large leave trees which are placed on the periphery of the site, which act as a buffer zone and absorbs the noise coming from the vehicular traffic. Tranquil atmosphere is created. 30 percentage of the vegetation is medium leave trees which are placed in the recreational pockets to provide needed shading for the students.

30 percentage of the vegetation is small leave ornamental plants which are put on the sides of walkways providing the pleasant atmosphere for the students.

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Topography of the site is utilized to its Potential contours provide hierarchy hence creating a continuous view into the landscape. Appropriate cut and fill are measured, and pathways are designed accordingly. Hierarchy in the levels also allows for the better irrigation line for the vegetation. Pathways and vegetation work together to decrease the surface runoff and allowing the rainwater to be absorbed into the soil.

Site’s slope leads to the cricket ground which absorbs the water escaped from surface runoff. The campus is completely Barrier-free, ramps have been provided at every interval of stairs. The slope of the ramp is of ratio 10: 1. Essential services such as irrigation fresh water lines, electrical lines, and drain lines run along the pathways for better and easy maintenance of it. Drip irrigation system is used for watering the ornamental plants on the sides of the pathways and sprinkling system is utilized for the grass maintenance, and extended drip system is used for the small leave plants in the recreational pockets.

Occasional boulders add to the natural aesthetic of the landscape. Site has one big boulder at the highest level which is untouched and the vegetation is planned around it.

Essential parking space is allotted for the staff and students separately providing efficient connectivity. Two main entrance are provided east entrance is for staff and west entrance is for the student. multiple entrance are avoided for the better security.

Design was very well appreciated by the critics and faculty. Many detailed drawings of plantation, irrigation and pedestrian were produced unfortunately I am not able to present them now. It was a learning curve for me to understand the importance of landscape in Architectural design. After various meetings with my tutors and long discussion I was able to produce good work. Even after so many ups ad downs through out the design problem I was strong on my concepts and determined to do good wok. I enjoyed the hard work that I have put in finally I was rewarded by good grades.

School of Technical Studies Design Studio - VIII semester

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Studies Design Studio - VIII semester

School of Technical Studies School Technical Design Studioof - VIII semester Section at A-A'

Section at B-B'

Section at C-C'

Section at D-D'

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D A

C

B Entrance

Entrance

11

+0.0m

12

+1m

10

9 +3m

8

1 13

+3m +4m

+2m

2 7

+4m

3

+1m

+3m +5m

+4m

4

6 +3m

5

D’ A’

C’ B’

1 - Auditorium [ 300 Sq.mtrs ]

7 - Cafeteria [ 450 Sq.mtrs ]

2 - Administration Block [ 350 Sq.mtrs ]

8 - Volleyball court [ 162 Sq.mtrs ]

3 - Academic Studios [ 500 Sq.mtrs ]

9 - Lecture Halls [ 500 Sq.mtrs ]

4 - Workshop [ 500 Sq.mtrs ]

10 - Basket ball court [ 620 Sq.mtrs ]

5 - Library [ 400 Sq.mtrs ]

11 - Cricket ground [ 1148 Sq.mtrs ]

6 - Open Air Theatre [ 425 Sq.mtrs ]

12 - Parking [ 2950 Sq.mtrs ]

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School of Technical Studies Design Studio - VIII semester

North

The Pavilion

The Pavilion Yoga House

[Yoga House ]

The Pavilion project is very close to my heart. The project was developed as a design proposal for the Yoga centre addition to the clubhouse of Maple town villa. Initial thoughts were to design a structure that can enhance the direction of the early morning rays into the structure, which is crucial for early morning yoga practise. Major design criteria was to allow light inside the structure from every direction. The challenge was to design the structure in a congested locality. The site was surrounded by existing multi-storey buildings.

The structural performance was evaluated as large span beams with small cross-sectional area were stacked upon each other that were supported by battens in between them.

Spacing of the battens were crucial as the battens act as an additive support to the beam avoiding deformation and sagging. Overall dome was estimated to be structurally stable.

The material chosen was wood to ease the construction technique and estimate the structural strength. Weather proof lamination is necessary to avoid decay of the wood.

After looking into geometries that can capture maximum solar exposure on the surface, sphere and ellipsoid were the geometries to capture maximum solar exposure on their surface. Concept was developed to merge the sphere and ellipsoid to generate a dome. The major obstacle was to construct openings in the dome to pass light into the building. To avoid the difficulty, the dome was abstracted into straight lines instead of curves. To maintain the dome configuration, the base was developed into an irregular pentagon.

Air Circulation through the structure was another challenge needed to be addressed.

Excess of openings could lead to heavy wind flow inside the building and could also attract dirt fumes inside the structure. Solar exposure in wind flow can generate radiation that may lead to discomfort to the users. Glass bricks were placed along with battens on the wooden beams to reduce the number of openings. Water body on the boundary was proposed to act as a thermal mass, regulating the air temperature.

Passive cooling technique is an efficient and sustainable approach for regulating the interior conditions. Rain water protection was another challenge faced during the design development. Electrical blinders that can be

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Electrical blinders could also regulate the wind flow inside the dome. For future development of the project, installation of photovoltaic cells was proposed on the upper beam of the dome. The cells are exposed to solar radiation throughout the day.

Purified water is collected in the pond from near by ground water source. The pond creates an illusion of the dome to be floating. The foundation of the dome merges with the pond water level that provides the visual of the dome floating on water. There are no other amenities provided inside the dome as it is considered to be sacred. Acoustic quality of the dome is enhanced by wood and glass.

Upper portion of the dome was designed to be layered with lightweight beams to reduce the weight distribution. Leaving some area with structured glass creates an intricate pattern of the pentagon throughout the day. It could also serve as a sundial.

The intricate patterns of the openings and the placements of battens create mystical aura in the morning hours. The dome is completely filled with the mystical light throughout the mist of the morning. The dome was designed to provide a majestic experience for the yoga practitioner and to encourage people to indulge in a health living practise. Community yoga could enhance the social participation among it’s participants.

The project is speculative as contractors and client are not sure of the structural strength and material performance under extreme conditions.

For future development of the project, intense material study and prototype development are necessary.

Latest advancements in industrial material usage of architectural elements such as glass fiber boards have been considered. Suggestions have been made to produce a beam with carbon fiber boards. Manufacturing technique is under study and various casting techniques are also being studied and tested.

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The Pavilion Yoga House

regulated automatically was the solution.

Section at A-A'

Section at B-B'

B’

The Pavilion Yoga House

A’

North 56

B

A

Left image : exploded view of the Pavilion

Structured Glass

Wooden Battens

Wooden Beams

Wooden Flooring Foundation Grass Lawn Stone Slab

Water Inlet

The Pavilion Yoga House

WATER POND

Concrete Retaining Wall

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The Pavilion Yoga House

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The Pavilion Yoga House

GAVINI SHARATH KUMAR 07393190855 sharath.smith32@gmail.com 41, Fitzroy Square, ISH Indian Ymca room number 413 London W1T6AQ 60