Test bank for western civilization ideas politics and society 11th edition

Test Bank for Western Civilization Ideas, Politics, and Society, 11th Edition

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire Multiple Choice 1. The text indicates that Rome's greatest achievement was a. its military conquest of the Mediterranean. b. using military victory, law, and government to unite the nations of the Mediterranean into a world-state. c. furthering the development of Hellenistic philosophy and science. d. in the realm of civil engineering and technology. e. developing a religion that blended the Hebrew tradition and Greek rationalism.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 116 "Chapter Introduction" 2. Which of the following did the Romans borrow from the Etruscans? a. skills in road construction b. metallurgy c. styles of portrait sculpture d. symbols of authority and rule e. all of the above ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 117 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution" 3. The Etruscans a. are believed to have originated in Gaul. b. fought a series of wars with the Romans that began the Roman Empire. c. had little influence on Roman religion, language, and government. d. lost political power in Italy but were able to defeat the Celts and Greeks. e. controlled the Roman monarchy during the seventh and sixth centuries B.C. ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 117 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 4. Rome became a republic when a. measures passed by the Tribal Assembly had the force of law. b. the plebeians won the right to elect Tribunes. c. the dictator Julius Caesar was assassinated. d. the patricians overthrew the Etruscan king. e. Roman peasants settled on the seven hills.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 117 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution" 5. The Roman Struggle of the Orders primarily involved a. rivalry between the priests of Apollo and Juno. b. issues of senatorial ranking. c. disagreement between the lower classes of Rome and the aristocracy. d. contention between Latins and Sicilians. e. stresses in the patron-client relationship.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 117 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution" 6. In the first centuries of the Republic, the consuls a. could make decisions on their own. b. were primarily concerned with economic matters and issues involving foreign citizens. c. were elected for life. d. initiated legislation but had no control over the army. e. possessed the authority to nominate a dictator who would have absolute power for up to six months during an emergency.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 117 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 7. The Centuriate Assembly in the early Roman Republic a. served as a counterweight to patrician power in the Senate. b. was a popular assembly dominated by the patricians. c. consisted only of patricians. d. elected the Tribunes. e. was the principal organ of patrician power.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 118 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution" 8. Plebeian grievances in the very early Roman republic included all of the following EXCEPT a. debt slavery. b. the ban on intermarriage with patricians. c. the granting of citizenship to non-Romans. d. discrimination against plebeians in the courts. e. the absence of a written law code.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 118 9. The composition of the Twelve Tables was a political victory for the plebeians because a. the Tables established the office of Tribune. b. the Tables ordered the redistribution of public lands to the plebeians. c. the Tables gave plebeians the right to hold high political offices. d. having a written law prevented patrician officials from interpreting customary law in an arbitrary way. e. all of the above ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 118 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 10. The Struggle of the Orders ended in 287 B.C. when a. the issue of ranking within the Senate was permanently resolved. b. laws passed by the Tribal Assembly no longer needed Senate approval. c. debt slavery was eliminated from the patron-client relationship. d. Rome extended citizenship to the Latin and the Sabines. e. the poorest plebeians permanently left Rome.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 118 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution" 11. The patron-client relationship that existed between patrician and plebeian in early Rome involved a. supplying the client with food. b. providing the patron with military and political support. c. supplying the client with money. d. supplying the client with protection. e. all of the above ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 118 "Evolution of the Roman Constitution" 12. The Roman aristocracy's view of liberty a. involved competition for political power and privilege. b. included the freedom to achieve virtue, dignity, and fame. c. was aptly summed up by Cicero. d. always remained elitist. e. all of the above ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: "Evolution of the Roman Constitution" p. 118

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 13. The author would agree with all of the following statements about the constitution of the Roman Republic EXCEPT a. ​it was created incrementally in a pragmatic and empirical manner. b. ​the constitution of the Roman Republic resembled more the American constitution than the British. c. ​a process of rationalization and secularization disentangled the Roman government from religion. d. ​the law passed from priests to professional jurists who analyzed, classified, systematized, and sought commonsense solutions to legal problems. e. ​though retaining many religious ceremonies out of respect for tradition, the Romans rarely looked for divine guidance in government.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: “Evolution of the Roman Constitution” p. 119 14. Rome's rise to great power status followed which sequence of events? a. Unification of the Italian peninsula, the defeat of Carthage, subjugation of Hellenistic states b. Unification of the Italian peninsula, conquest of Gaul, seizure of Egypt c. Defeat of Carthage, unification of the Italian peninsula, conquest of Gaul d. Defeat of Carthage, subjugation of Hellenistic states, seizure of Egypt e. Conquest of Gaul, subjugation of Hellenistic states, seizure of Egypt ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 120 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." 15. Factors contributing to Rome's conquest of Italy include all the following EXCEPT a. the absence of truly civilized, sophisticated opponents. b. a hunger for farmland as well as the dedication and skill of farmer-soldiers. c. the aristocratic value placed on glory and reputation. d. harsh military discipline. e. a willingness to accept former enemies as allies or citizens.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 120 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C."

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 16. The Italian Confederation​ a. failed to prevent internecine wars within the peninsula.​ b. was unable to suppress internal revolutions within city-states. c. was a source of contention because the Romans did not grant all Italians a share of the plunder of wars of conquest. d. protected the Italians from barbarian invaders from the north. e. none of the above​ ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." p. 121 17. The city of Carthage was located in a. Palestine. b. Spain. c. Greece. d. North Africa. e. Sicily.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 122 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." 18. The First Punic War began because a. Carthage appeared to be economically weak and susceptible to Roman power. b. Rome was concerned that Carthage would take Messana in Sicily and interfere with Roman trade. c. Hannibal led troops into Spain. d. both Rome and Carthage were interfering in Greece. e. having tasted power, Rome consciously sought out the war.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 122 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C."

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 19. Romans were shocked by their defeat at the hands of Hannibal at a. Zama. b. Cannae. c. Carrhae. d. Philippi. e. Allia.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 122 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." 20. When Rome's army had been decimated by Hannibal and the Carthaginians stood poised to attack the city, Rome was able to win the war by a. avoiding another battle and waiting until Hannibal was forced to withdraw to Carthage for lack of supplies. b. negotiating a peace and returning Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica to Carthage. c. raising a new army and attacking the Carthaginian homeland. d. combining with its allies and pushing Hannibal back across the Alps. e. importing the Great Mother Goddess from Asia Minor and reestablishing the dominance of religion in the state.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 122-123 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." 21. The Second Punic War resulted in, or contributed, to a. successful Roman imperialism fueled by strategic and political considerations. b. a series of wars with Macedonia, a Carthaginian ally. c. a Roman obsession to completely destroy a now non-threatening Carthage. d. extensive economic, social, and cultural changes in Rome. e. all of the above ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 124 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C."

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 22. Rome's conquest of the eastern Mediterranean in the second century B.C. led to a. acceleration of Hellenization. b. a solidification of the social structure that did not allow for new classes. c. a great reduction of Roman wealth due to the costs of war. d. the denial of citizenship to the defeated Hellenistic peoples. e. a prohibition against slavery.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." p. 124 23. The new concept and practice of jus gentium a. resulted from Roman conquests and the incorporation of selective foreign ideas into the Roman legal system. b. referred to the "law of nations." c. was gradually applied throughout the Empire. d. combined, in part, Greek legal experience and Roman pragmatism. e. all of the above ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C.” p. 124 24. The collection of public revenues in the Republic a. was inherited by the patricians, increasing their wealth. b. was carefully monitored to ensure that collectors did not make exorbitant profits. c. included the collection of customs duties, rents on public lands, and tribute in the provinces. d. was managed by Rome's professional civil service. e. all of the above ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 124 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C."

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 25. Which of the following statements about slavery in ancient Rome is INCORRECT? a. Regarded as animate tools, Roman slaves always viewed their masters with antagonism and resentment. b. Rome's wars in the first century B.C. produced millions of new slaves. c. By the middle of the first century, slaves were about one-third of Italy's population. d. Unless very poor, a Roman would be likely to own a slave. e. Most educated Romans believed that the division between masters and slaves was part of the natural world order.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 125 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." 26. Slave revolts in the Roman Republic a. were common. b. did not cause the Roman much fear or difficulty. c. were always quickly subdued because the slaves were unable to defeat the Romans. d. devastated Sicily and southern Italy before being subdued. e. did not result in harsh punishment of defeated slaves because of the Romans' belief in the importance of mercy.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 125 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C." 27. Each of the following accurately describes the Republic's administration of the Empire EXCEPT a. Rome maintained peace; built roads, aqueducts, and public buildings; and spread Greek culture. b. while often extending citizenship to Italians, Rome seldom extended it to those outside of Italy. c. Roman discipline and values ensured a government nearly free of corruption. d. Rome usually permitted a large degree of local and self-government and local religious beliefs and practices. e. areas that formerly had suffered endemic warfare enjoyed peace under Roman administration.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 125 "Roman Expansion to 146 B.C."

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 28. Which of the following statements is INACCURATE? a. Plautus produced comedies that resembled Greek models, such as Menander's, and usually provided endings desired by audiences. b. The native North African, Terence, wrote plays that showed, among other things, a liberal understanding attitude towards children. c. Catullus was one of the greatest lyric poets in world literature. d. Lucretius, an Epicurean philosopher, questioned the Roman ideal of virtue; he did not consider power and glory as worthy goals. e. Even Roman conservatives embraced the Greek influence on Roman culture.

ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: "Culture in the Republic" p. 128-129 29. Cicero's Stoicism a. was praised by the Founding Fathers of the United States. b. saw how Stoicism's emphasis on duty and virtue coincided with Roman ideals. c. saw the connection between Stoicism's doctrine of natural law and Rome's administration of an empire. d. included an admiration of the Stoic goal of the self-sufficient sage. e. all of the above ANSWER: e POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: "Culture in the Republic" p. 129 30. As many Romans embraced Stoicism, they were adopting a philosophy that concluded all of the following EXCEPT a. reason is common to all men and distinguishes them from the beasts. b. all men are fundamentally equal because they all share in reason. c. reason common to man always leads to the same conclusion. d. all human beings can attain virtue. e. natural law means that all people belong to a single commonwealth.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 129 "Culture in the Republic"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 31. After 146 B.C., the principal concerns of the Republic included a. foreign invasions. b. abandoning the city-state institutions in favor of new models of governance. c. developing a civil service to administer the Mediterranean world. d. overcoming critical social and political problems at home. e. all of the above ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 129-130 "Collapse of the Republic" 32. Which of the following CANNOT be associated with the agricultural crisis of the late Republic? a. Latifundia, worked by slaves, squeezed out the peasantry. b. Egyptian grain undermined Roman agricultural prices. c. Prolonged warfare in Italy had destroyed numerous farms. d. Wars had forced Rome's farmer-soldiers to seriously neglect their farms. e. The agricultural crisis created a vast poor, alienated, and embittered class.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 131 "Collapse of the Republic" 33. The text characterizes Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus as a. radicals aiming to overthrow existing political and property relations. b. moderate reformers trying to deal with real social problems. c. intransigent defenders of the great landowners' interests. d. Carthaginian agents. e. two ambitious generals whose thirst for power led to civil war.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 131-132 "Collapse of the Republic"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 34. The Gracchi brothers' central demand—for which they were killed—was the a. distribution to the poor of government land that the wealthy held illegally. b. inclusion of the Tribunes in the Senate. c. extension of citizenship to all free Italians. d. limitation of the power of dictators such as Sulla and Caesar. e. expulsion of all philosophers from Rome.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 131-132 "Collapse of the Republic" 35. Polybius observed that a. Roman soldiers seldom displayed symbols of valor because of their modesty. b. a court-martialed soldier is allowed to return to his home to resume civilian life, and his misdeeds are never spoken of again. c. the absence of severe punishment in the Roman army helped to maintain excellent discipline. d. valor in the Roman army was rewarded by public praise and specific material prizes. e. all of the above ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 121 "Primary Source" 36. In the century after the Gracchi, Roman politics a. stabilized and returned the Republic to a period of greatness. b. saw the Tribal Assembly successfully undermine the power of the Senate. c. included the rise of demagogues who regularly won the office of consul. d. witnessed the emergence of champions of reform who charmed the poor with bread and circuses. e. involved a greater representation of the lower classes, who were now politically astute thanks to the reduced unemployment in Rome.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 133 "Collapse of the Republic"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 37. The major result of Marius’ reforms was a. converting the army from an instrument of the government to the private tool of ambitious generals. b. the revitalization of Roman’s class of farmer-soldiers. c. Sulla's retirement. d. the permanent establishment of the triumvirate thus spreading the burden of governing a vast empire. e. the Social War. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 133-134 "Collapse of the Republic" 38. When Sulla and his troops marched on Rome a. he did it with Senatorial support. b. Marius was his ally. c. it was the first march on Rome by a commander and his troops. d. it ended a period of civil war. e. they were defeated by Marius, and Sulla was forced to retire to the country.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 134 "Collapse of the Republic" 39. Sulla did each of the following EXCEPT a. act with great cruelty to those who had opposed him. b. retire after his reforms of the Republic. c. seize property of his opponents. d. abolish the Senate. e. limit the powers of the tribunes, Assembly, and provincial governors.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 134 "Collapse of the Republic"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 40. In order to gain political prominence, Caesar embarked on the conquest of a. Greece. b. Gaul. c. Pontus. d. Persia. e. Spain.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 135 "Collapse of the Republic" 41. Julius Caesar's reforms included a. eliminating slavery. b. restricting Roman citizenship to Romans only. c. raising taxes to increase the wealth of the state. d. a public works program. e. granting greater autonomy to provincial governors.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 135-136 "Collapse of the Republic" 42. After the death of Julius Caesar, proscriptions a. urged citizens to be calm. b. declared certain Roman citizens to be outlaws. c. called patriotic Romans to the armies of Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian. d. were posted and publicly read to explain why a dictator had to be eliminated. e. gave immunity to Caesar's assassins.

ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 136 "Collapse of the Republic"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 43. Which best describes events in the two decades following Caesar's death? a. The Senate permanently regained control of the empire. b. A long period of peace occurred. c. The Roman Republic ended. d. Marc Antony and Octavian formed a duumvirate, under which Rome prospered. e. The Senate named Marc Antony dictator for life.

ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 136 "Collapse of the Republic" 44. Cleopatra is credited with a. viewing herself as Egyptian rather than Greek. b. being Caesar's mistress and bearing him a son. c. being Octavian's mistress and bearing him twins. d. conquering Palestine and Lebanon despite Rome's opposition. e. all of the above ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 132 "Profile" 45. Which of the following was the site of a successful battle of the Roman navy against Marc Antony and Cleopatra? a. Cannae b. Rhodes c. Actium d. Balearics e. Mylae ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 132 "Profile"

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 46. The first emperor of Rome was a. Julius Caesar. b. Claudius. c. Marcus Junius Brutus. d. Octavian. e. Tiberius.

ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 136 "Collapse of the Republic" 47. Scholars would agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT a. the climax of Roman development occurred under the Republic. b. the old sense of Roman virtue had been lost by the first century B.C. c. the old threat of foreign enemies such as Carthage had encouraged stability and cooperation for the good of the state. d. by the first century, soldiers gave their loyalty to commanders rather than to Rome. e. despite the influence of Greek rationalism, the city-state constitutional of the Republic was unable to manage Rome's empire.

ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES: p. 136 "Collapse of the Republic" Subjective Short Answer Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?

48. Etruscans ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 49. Struggle of the Orders ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 50. patricians ANSWER: Answer not provided.

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 51. plebeians ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 52. Senate ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 53. Tribal Assembly ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 54. the Twelve Tables ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 55. virtus, dignitas, fama ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 56. jus gentium ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 57. Spartacus revolt ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 58. Social War ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 59. Gracchan Revolution ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 60. On the Nature of Things ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 61. triumvirate ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

62. Locate and label the city of Rome, the Tiber River, and the area inhabited by the Etruscans.

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 63. Locate and label the city of Carthage and the site of the Battle of Cannae.

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 64. Locate and label the territory of Gaul and the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 65. Mark the boundaries of the Roman state at the end of the Republic in 44 B.C. ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire Essay Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.

66. Evaluate the major influences other peoples had on the Romans during their earliest period and during the Republic.

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 67. How did the Punic Wars change the values and practices of the Roman Republic?

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 68. How did the acquisition of empire change Rome, politically, socially, and economically?

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 69. How was the Mediterranean region affected by the Roman conquest?

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 70. Why were the lower classes of Rome dissatisfied in the first century B.C.? How did they express their dissatisfaction, and how did the state respond?

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 71. How did the attitudes and policy positions of the senatorial elite in the late Roman Republic accelerate the collapse of that republic?

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 72. What are the main features of the Roman constitution? Was the Roman more similar to Sparta or Athens in its political values and practices?

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 73. To what extent did Rome move beyond the concept of the polis? Provide specific evidence to support your conclusion.

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1

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Chapter 06—The Roman Republic: City­State to World Empire 74. Contemporary Western opinion holds that the military and political spheres must remain separate. Explain how the history of the Roman Republic could be used to support this view.

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1 75. Was the collapse of the Roman Republic the result of the failure of traditional institutions or the failure of leadership to solve the Republic's crises? Defend your position with specific evidence.

ANSWER: Answer not provided.

POINTS: 1

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