Chapter - 1: Explanation This chapter introduces the primary terms which are used in the Thesis - Restoration, Preservation, Conservation and Adaptive Reuse. The definitions and meaning of the terms are discussed with supporting examples for a better understanding. Chapter - 2: Elaboration After understanding the terms, they are studied in this chapter through 19th and 20th century theories about Restoration and Conservation movements that lead to the emergence of Adaptive Reuse. A framework is developed from these theories to study similarities and differences in the theories all together. Chapter - 3: Investigation In this chapter, different Approaches that have been evolved by the theories are identified and analysed to get a wholistic idea. Four main approaches to deal with an unused building have been discussed based on the sources and literature found. The study is supported by Adaptive Reuse projects and their design measures for the Building Reuse. Chapter - 4: Manifestation As a conclusion to the thesis, this chapter discusses the findings and inferences drawn from the theories and practices and hence concludes the relevance of the practical approaches. A suggestion of a fifth user based approach is made after analysing the approaches from an Interior view. May this study add to the current literature of Building Reuse and Adaptive Reuse such that it can bring more and more awareness towards protection and reuse of old and unused buildings.
“During my academic journey in the Faculty of Design, I designed a Fitness and Sports center reusing an unused Industrial shed, as a part of a studio project. I also studied the Revival of Vienna Urbion in Vienna and Ramgarh Dam in Jaipur during a history class. It is then, I came across the practice of Building Reuse and was completely inspired by how it can transform and bring an empty, aged and unused building to life. According to me, Building Reuse is a way to bring back the building from death to life. But, where did it all come from?” Lockdown
Building Reuse
Bachelor of Interior Design Undergraduate Thesis Spring Semester 2020
Morris
Early 19th cent.
Building Reuse
Serban Cantacuzino
Reigl
Mid 19th cent.
Late 19th, early 20th cent.
For: Indian Buildings Aim: To study Adaptive Reuse as a Design Strategy
For: Havelis of Gujarat Aim: To study cultural significance in the Adaptive Reuse
Building Reuse
Boito
Early 19th cent.
Building Reuse
REUSE AS PRACTICE
INDIAN CONTEXT
REUSE AS PRACTICE
REUSE AS STRTATEGY
For: Residences of Ahmedabad Aim: To study the Interior Interventions in the method of Adaptive Reuse
Brandi
Mid 19th cent.
Mid 20th cent.
HAVELI TYPOLOGY
REUSE AS THEORIES
Eugene Viollet-LeDuc’s Restoration theory
PRACTICAL APPROACHES
INTERIOR INTERVENTIONS
RESIDENCE TYPOLOGY
Literature study and Outcomes: Adaptive Reuse as a Design Strategy, Its importance, and its used as a Practice
Literature study and Outcomes: Communities and Culture serve as a driving factor for the practice of Building Reuse
Literature study and Outcomes: How design measures are taken and Interventions are done for the Adaptive Reuse projects
Studied through Practices
What?
Ideation and Aim Reuse of buildings done since centuries but in smaller scales with less recognition : French Rev.
Since when did the Reuse of the buildings started on a larger scale and gained an importance? Initial Questions
The Evolution of the current topic has been through many changes and majorly affected due to the lockdown. Hence, the best way to go with the topic was to choose for a theoretical thesis which is possible through online references and literature.
Restoration
John Ruskin’s AntiRestoration, Conservation theory
Ideation – Theoretical study
As a respect to the authenticity, he believed that no-one can replicate the original master
The main aim
Framework and Structurization
Framework of the study
Preservation
Conservation
Influenced and followed by Ruskin’s ideologies
Supported Viollet-LeDuc’s functional change – Importance to change of the function
Proposed minimum changes to keep up with the changing advancements Building should be preserved even if the function changes
Alois Riegl’s Preservation theory
Cesare Brandi’s Modern Restoration – Conservation theory
Late 19th – Early 20th Century
Mid 19th Century
Conservation
Preservation
Proposed changes according to a particular aspect of the building
Preservation
Modern Restoration Conservation
Changes should be done according to the age of the building
Introduced Interventions as a solution for reusing the buildings
Established principles of Restoration
Practical guidelines to deal with all the buildings for standardization
Proposed different values for Restoration and Construction
Preservation of historical, functional and aesthetic values
Distinguished between Restoration and Conservation
Both in the favour of Restoration and Conservation
Added more aspects to consider while reusing buildings
Not imitating the original style, not removing signs
Building Reuse
The terms in theories
Introducing the terms
Analysis of Approaches and their relevance
In the form of Practical approaches
AS THEORIES
Still not a theory in it’s own but evolved from other theories
First theory to define Adaptive Reuse in terms of a practice
Explanation Minimum Relevance to the field of Interior Design
Hence, the practices are not included within the scope of this study Restoration
AS PRACTICE
Approaches to Adapt an Unused building into a new function
Typological | Technical | Programmatic | Strategic
Preservation Conservation Adaptive Reuse
Investigation
Elaboration
19th and 20th century theories Evolution of theories Framework Development Analysis
Typological Technical Programmatic Strategic
Manifestation
Conclusion
Starting from Understanding the terms of methods used in the theories , the study looks at all the six theories in detail to understand the terms further. After studying the theories, the thesis analyses the evolution of the theories to extract the emergence of Adaptive Reuse. Further, Adaptive Reuse being a relevant strategy to the field of Interior Design, it is studied in the form of four practical approaches and are later analysed
Functional and financial factors as the driving force behind the use of Adaptive Reuse methods
Concern towards Structural durability Across – Use Adaptive Reuse
Use of Adaptive Reuse for Urban development and financial upliftment of town A hint of suggesting Adaptive reuse as a sustainable practice can be seen which leads todays literature
Rodrigo Perez De Arc
By The Venice Charter
Sherban Cantacuzino, Kenneth Powell, Rodrigo Perez De Arc
The Venice Charter’s Modern Conservation
20th century
Restoration Conservation
Restoration, Conservation and Preservation all comes under Building Reuse. Adaptive Reuse is still emerging in the form of theory but is also a method of Building Reuse
BULDING REUSE
Across-use Adaptation
This Evolution will lead to Adaptive Reuse gain a larger importance as a Theory
century
Further, the study looks at the evolution and significant changes in the theories that has happened since the early 19th till the present 21st century. The Evolution clearly shows that Adaptive Reuse is a contemporary practice and it still is emerging as a Design strategy. A framework is developed and an analysis is done to break down its inferences. The main difference between the 19th and 20th century theories is highlighted as a part of the analysis.
Adaptive reuse - Through Practical Approaches Further divided into specific element and system
Further divided into sub categories
Possible ways to modify the form of the building – ‘Design Strategies’
6 Categories of Building typologies
3 categories for elements and technical systems
11 categories for programmatic functions
Typological Approach
Technical Approach
Programmatic Approach
Strategic Approach
Categorization into building types
Categorization into Building elements and technical systems
Categorization into programmatic functions
Categorization into forms of the building
Possible new functions for each typology
Alterations according to age of the elements and improvements in systems
Possible new programs and functions which can be accommodated
Possible Changes in the form of the building
Many authors and theorists have then proposed Practical approaches for the practice of Adaptive Reuse which are used in today’s contemporary practices. These approaches are categorized into four groups based on their applications on the building. Discussing each of these approaches in detail can be a further scope for the study as this study only includes the categorizations within it’s scope.
Conclusion - Inferences and Key Findings Typological Approach
Programmatic Approach Practical in nature
Important for issues of sustainability
For adaptation of the buildings
Practical and Poetic in nature
Strategic Approach
Technical Approach
Many authors and theorists have then proposed Practical approaches for the practice of Adaptive Reuse which are used in today’s contemporary practices. These approaches are categorized into four groups based on their applications on the building.
He believed that Adaptive Reuse has been in existence since ages
Focused on Financial and Economical aspect of building
Restoration Preservation
Kenneth Powell
Serban Cantacuzino
Many values such as age, aesthetic, historic and functional were added
21th
Mid 20th Century
Interventional approach which is at present used in Adaptive Reuse practices
Theorists who supported Conservation but were against Restoration
Practical approaches in the thesis
Indirect : Theories mentioned earlier
The six theories of Restoration, Preservation and Conservation are studied in detail to understand the origin of the Building reuse practices. These theories are the foundation of all the Reuse practices which have evolved from time to time till the date. Origin and detailed discussion in the 19th and 20th century theories
Conservation AntiRestoration
Theorists who supported both the methods but changed the approaches
Within-use Adaptation
The intention was to preserve the heritage buildings and monuments
19th century
Ruskin, Morris, Riegl
Adapted by all Conservation theorists except Viollet-Le-Duc
Mid 19th Century
Conservation
Stylistic Restoration as the way to restore the building and not to preserve it, to repair and rebuild
Viollet-Le-Duc proposed the first theory which talked about Reusing heritage buildings
Studying these 19th and 20th century theories and analysing it’s evolution with identifying practical approaches for these theories
Anti Restoration
Constant Maintenance and Conservation should be done
Camillo Boito’s Restoration – Conservation theory
Beginning with an initial idea in form of a question to find out the Emergence and Evolution of the Methods, Practices and Theories of Reusing an Unused Building, the main aim of the Research was to study the 19th and 20th century theories which talked about those Methods, Practices and Theories in terms of Restoration, Preservation, Conservation and Adaptive Reuse.
How?
Indirect hint of Adaptive Reuse
Keeping the original style intact and reflecting the originality by imitating it
Restoration
Many theories were drafted then after in the 19th and 20th century
Early 19th Century
As a critique to Restoration theory
How did Adaptive Reuse came into existence as a theory and a practice of its own?
John Ruskin proposed an anti-theory proposing different method to preserve and reuse
William Morris’ Conservation and Preservation theory
Stylistic Restoration
Proposed by ViolletLe-Duc but not followed further
20th century theories
Finding suitable use for the building
What are the Practices used for Reusing the buildings and how did they come into existence?
Viollet-Le-Duc, Boito, Brandi
The Venice Charter
ORIGIN
In depth study of case studies helped me in studying the measures taken for Adaptive Reuse
I was able to understand the fundamentals of The Venice Charter
Kenneth Powell
Restoration, Preservation, Conservatin and Adaptive reuse - Through Theories
Early 19th Century A better Understanding of Adaptive helped me in the current topic
Rodrigo Perez De Arc
Difference between the 19th and 20th century theories
The theories can be divided in three major groups
Evolution of the Building Reuse Theories
Adaptive Reuse as a Theory and Practice
19th century theories
For: All the Old and Unused buildings Aim: To study the Origin and Emergence of Adaptive Reuse
REUSE AS PRACTICE CULTURAL ASPECTS
Evolution of Theories and Analysis
Restoration
20th century theories
Adaptive Reuse
By: Shaily Parikh Code No.: UI3615 Guided By: Supriya Kukreja
Viollet-Le-Duc
Ruskin
Conservation
Interior Design Undergraduate Thesis
Chronological Timeline of Theories - 19th and 20th century
Studied through Theories
Approaches for Adaptive Reuse practice
Starting with the idea of studying the origin and emergence of the Building Reuse theories and practices, the thesis aimed to study 19th and 20th century theories of Building Reuse of Theorists, Authors and Architects. A significant Evolution is seen throughout the chronology of these Theories which is analysed in the thesis and the study focuses on how Adaptive reuse has emerged from these theories which is still not a theory in its own but viewed with the lense of practical approaches. The four approaches - Typological, Technical, Programmatic and Strategic are identified by different architects and theorists and the study has attempted to view and analyse these approaches with illustrative projects and example for an in-depth study. The structurization and methodology of the Thesis is as follows:
Inspiration and Topic formation
Evolution and inferences
Understanding 19th and 20th century theories of Restoration, Preservation, Conservation and Adaptive Reuse
Why?
Gist of all the concepts
Re - Using the Un - Used
Mid 20th Century Typological
Modern Conservation
Across – Use Adaptive Reuse
Adaptive Reuse as a way of Conservation for Social Usefulness Community as a driving force for conservation leading to social usefulness
Fifth approach should be introduced
With the tone of Interior Design
Technical
FOCUS ON THE NEEDS OF THE NEW USER
Interior Approach
Programmatic
FUNCTIONAL TO THE NEW USE
USER – BASED APPROACH
Strategic
Distinguished between Restoration and Conservation
The concept of Adaptive Reuse is traced through these theories and it is directly addressed by the Venice Charter which discusses Across – Use adaptation and and other theorists like Serban Cantacuzino and Kenneth Powell
As a conclusion, the thesis suggests another approach which can be a combination of all the four approaches. These Interior approach can be practical in nature as well as include the soft and poetic values of a designer. Practical aspects like Focus on the needs of the new user, Functional uses can lead to a user-based approach for every Interior Designer to deal with the Reuse of an Old or Unused building. THANK YOU..... E-mail: shaily.parikh.ugfd15@cept.ac.in
