Learn More About Periodic Table

Learn More About Periodic table

What is Periodic table?

Periodic Table is a tabular arrangement of elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration and recurring chemical properties.

In periodic table, the arrangement of elements are arranged from left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number.

The different rows of elements present in periodic table are known as periods.

Groups and Blocks Group 1 Group 1 includes all the Alkali Metals and Hydrogen.

Alkali metals are soft metals, but highly reactive metals and reactivity of these metals increases down the group.

In this group, Hydrogen behaves different from all other metals.

Scientists disagree over whether it should be placed in group 1 or group 17.

Group 2 Group 2 includes all Alkali Earth Metals.

The metals present in group 2 are reactive metals with different flame colors.

In this group elements have two electrons in their outermost “S� sub-shell.

Group 3 Group 3 is a family of transition metal elements.

In this group each have a valence electron configuration of d1s2.

These elements are found in the +3 oxidation state.

Scientists are confused whether lanthanum and actinium, should be included in this group.

Group 4 This group is a group of transition metal elements and they have high melting points.

In this group, metals have a valence electron configuration of d2s2.

Group 5 This group is a group of reactive transition metal elements and they have high melting points.

In this group, metals have a valence electron configuration of d3s2.

Group 6 It is a group of transition metal elements.

According to Aufbau principle in this group each have a valence electron configuration of d4s2. But, chromium and molybdenum are exceptions to this rule and have a valence electron configuration of d5s1.

Group 7 This group consists transition metal elements, manganese, technetium, rhenium and bohrium.

In this group, metals have a valence electron configuration of d5s2 .

Group 8 This group is a group of shiny, silvery transition metal elements, iron, ruthenium, osmium and hassium.

In this group, metals have a valence electron configuration of d6s2 .

Group 9 This group is a group of silvery-white transition metal elements, having high melting points. This group contains cobalt, rhodium, iridium and meitnerium.

In this group, metals have a valence electron configuration of d7s2 .

Group 10 It is a group of white to light grey transition metal elements.

This group contains darmstadtium.

nickel,

palladium,

platinum

According to Aufbau principle, each have a valence electron configuration of d8s2

and

Group 11 It is a group of transition metals and it includes copper, silver and gold. Sometimes they are called the 'coinage metals'.

In this group, metals have a valence electron configuration of d10s1 .

Group 12 It is a group of metals and have a full d sub-shell.

In this group elements have low melting points and mercury is only the metal that remains liquid at room temperature.

Group 13 This group is the boron group.

In this group all elements are metals except the boron, Boron is a metalloid.

Aluminium and Boron have three electrons in their outer electron shell.

Group 14 This group is known carbon group.

In this group there are combination of non-metals, metal and metalloids.

Group 14- Carbon and silicon each have four electrons in their outer electron shell.

Group 15 This group is known as the nitrogen group or pnictogens group.

This group contains a combination of non-metals, metalloids and metals.

Nitrogen and phosphorus contains five electrons in their outer electron shell.

Group 16 It is called the chalcogens or oxygen family.

This group contains a combination of non-metals, metalloids and metals.

Group 16- Oxygen and sulfur have six electrons in their outer electron shell.

Group 17 This group is known as the halogens.

This group contains highly reactive non-metals.

This group contains the elements, which are three states of matter at room temperature and pressure.

Bromine is a liquid, Fluorine and chlorine are gases and iodine is a solid.

Group 18 This group elements are commonly known as the noble gases and they are typically unreactive.

They are also known as the inert gases In this group, reactivity increases down the group. Radon being the most reactive in this group.

In this group noble gases each have a full outer electron shell.

Blocks In Periodic table A block in the periodic table of elements is the set of adjacent groups.

Each block is named after its characteristics orbital. There are four blocks in a periodic table. s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block.

The periodic nature of the filling of orbitals, as well as emergence of the s, p, d and f blocks is more obvious.

Block “S” The block “s” includes the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.

These metals are soft and reactive in nature. It also contains hydrogen and helium which are metals and gases.

In this block elements have their valence electrons in s orbitals.

Block “p�

This block contain elements with quite varied properties.

This block contains metalloids, metals and non-metals.

P sub shell can hold maximum of six electrons in three orbitals.

Block “d�

Block d is also commonly called as the transition metals.

Block “f�

Block f contains lanthanides and actinides.

These metals are soft and also contains radioactive Metals in f block.

In this block sub-shell can contain up to 14 electrons.

G-1

G-2

G-13

Metals G-3

G-4

G-5

G-6

G-7

G-8

G-9 G-10 G-11 G-12

G-14

G-15

G-17

Non-Metals G-18 G-17 G-13

G-14 G-15 G-16

Periods Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 Period 5 Period 6 Period 7 Period 6 Period 7