March 23, 2016

Page 1

Single Issue - Free

Wednesday, March 23, 2016

sdsucollegian.com

SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY’S STUDENT-RUN INDEPENDENT NEWSPAPER SINCE 1885

SDSU works toward ground-breaking way to fuel planes KELLI GERRY Reporter South Dakota State researchers are working to perfect a process that could allow them to turn mustard seeds into jet fuel for Navy fighter planes. If people like Bill Gibbons are successful, some West River farmers could have a new crop to plant as early as next year, and the Navy will have an alternative to petroleum based fuel, which is important because petroleum can be made less accessible by natural disasters or even terrorism. After Hurricane Katrina decreased the amount of oil produced in the Gulf region, the Navy was sent searching for an alternative to petroleum-based jet fuel. The Navy decided the production of this type of fuel was vulnerable, and their answer was to talk to land-grant universities to find alternative options. Where the

Navy saw a weakness, South Dakota State saw an opportunity. A research team in Brookings, led by Gibbons, a biology and microbiology professor, has been studying carinata, a variety of Ethiopian mustard seed. This research stems from a project by the South Dakota Legislature and the South Dakota Oilseed Council. “We’re putting a significant effort into this,” James Doolittle, associate vice-president of research, said. “It’s a priority of the state and it fits well with our landgrant mission.” SDSU is teaming with the University of Florida to lead the charge in producing enough fuel for the Navy. South Dakota’s climate allows carinata to be grown March through October, and weather in the South gives carinata the opportunity to be grown as a crop during the opposite months. After several years of study, research-

Brookings nominated for national competition

Continued to A7

SWEET

KATHERINE CLAYTON Managing Editor

Continued to A8

for operational energy for the Navy, told SDSU in 2013. “It’s military-tested,” Rick Vallery said, executive director of the South Dakota Oilseeds Council. “Jets using carinata fuel have longer engine life, fly faster and fly higher than any blend.” To meet the Navy’s projected numbers, South Dakota will have to start producing carinata on a commercial scale. Currently, there are fewer than 100 acres of it growing in South Dakota, Gibbons said. Each acre can produce 1,500 to 2,000 pounds of carinata. It takes about 33 pounds of carinata to produce one gallon of fuel. North Dakota and Montana are already growing on a commercial scale for biofuel production and livestock feed supplement at about 6,000 acres in each state.

NOT SO

Main Street:

Main Street in Brookings will be more than just a street on a map after being nominated for America’s Best Main Street contest. Downtown Brookings Incorporated entered Brookings Main Street into the competition. The competition began March 1 and will continue until April 24. After April 24, Main Streets will be selected to be finalists until an overall winner is chosen. Independent We Stand and the National Main Street Center are hosting the contest, according to Bill Brunelle, the co-founder of Independent We Stand. “It is a movement of small business owners across the nation,” Brunelle said. “A big part of our mission is to educate consumers and other businesses about the importance of supporting small, locally owned businesses.” Elliot Johnson, the executive director of Downtown Brookings, Inc., decided to enter the Brookings Main Street into the contest for a possibility of winning the $25,000 prize. “Monetary funds are few and far between so we work to service the community and the members of this town whether it is on campus or the people who claim this as their home,” Johnson said. It was a “no-brainer” to enter Main Street into the contest, Johnson said. “We know how interactive this community is, and we thought it was a great incentive reason to apply,” he said. For Johnson, the factor that separates the Brookings Main Street from other Main Streets across America is the people. “Anytime we are put in a situation where we can involve the community it is so refreshing to see Brookings, South Dakota back us up,” Johnson said. “It goes to show how lucky we are to know how supportive our city really is for each other.” Trayce Meyer has owned Artworks on Main Street for 27 years. He recognizes the importance of independent businesses on the Main Street because the money spent at the business stays in the community. “The devotion of independent business owners is significant to their communities,” Meyers said. Meyers believes that the Brookings Main Street is set apart from other Main Streets because of the “established businesses that have been here a long time.” Kirsten Gjesdal, owner of the Carrot Seed, has been at her location on Main for less than a year, but she recognizes the connection between independent businesses and Main Streets. “There’s a lot of livelihood and vitality that comes from having a strong Main Street and that is what Brookings is trying to do is have an awesome Main Street,” Gjesdal said. “Having small businesses like this and other places in town add a lot of variety to your shopping options and it’s a fun place to visit.” Her life-long goal is not to be an independent business owner, but she wants to use the store to give back to her community, which is her true life-long goal. “I have always wanted to be an active part of the community,” Gjesdal said.

ers picked carinata as the most viable oilseed to produce jet fuel. Conditions in western South Dakota are near perfect to grow carinata. The mustard seed doesn’t need much water and can grow in fairly dry and warm conditions in the spring through the fall. Researchers wanted non-food oilseeds to produce jet fuel because they did not compete with food, feed for livestock or farmland, Gibbons said. Carinata did just that. To process carinata into jet fuel, the seeds must first be crushed and separated into oil and meal. Then, the oil is put through a hydrocracking process with high temperatures, catalysts and hydrogen. This produces a composition that is the same as JP-8, the type of petroleum-based fuel jets use, Gibbons said. The Navy will need about 8 billion barrels of jet fuel made from alternative sources by 2020, Chris Tindal, director

Jackrabbits fall in final minute to Stanford, 66-65 in second round of NCAA, see B1

MIKE RASAY • SUBMITTED PHOTO

Both the men’s and women’s basketball teams were met with overwhelming support and encouragement after their NCAA performances.

EDITORIAL: Jackrabbit fans’ support overpowers NCAA losses, see A4

Food revolution: on the breaking crust of 3-D printing PAT BOWDEN Reporter 3-D printed pizza: it’s really happening. For those just comprehending the reality of 3-D printing plastic and metal objects, prepare for another mind-boggling capability of 3-D printing technology. Three SDSU engineering majors are currently working on their senior design project to make a machine capable of producing pizza by simply adding water to a powder mix--something that has never been attempted before and has the potential to completely change the way food is made. This process eliminates the labor of cooking from the equation, saves time and opens up the door to 3-D printing different kinds of food in the future, which is a ceiling that has yet to be discovered. Todd Letcher, the team’s adviser, came up with the idea himself from a need that stems from outer space. “It was originally my idea. It started because I heard NASA was interested in printing food in the space station or on a

future expedition to Mars,” Letcher said. “I would [even] like to have one at my house … I could sit here at work and tell the printer I want a pizza ready when I get home.” The pizza printing process starts with a dry powder ingredient, similar to the function of a Keurig cup, and the user adds water to make what they desire, Sara Moore said, team member and senior mechanical engineering major. This process differs from current 3-D food printers that require the user to mix up their own batch of base material. “So far this is the only food printer in the world that starts from a dry powder based ingredient and does all the mixing in the chamber, and that’s really what makes this so unique and better and different,” Letcher said. The team members believe that their chosen method of printing will prove to be better than current food printing methods. “All the other printers out there are batter-based and not powder based … so I think they’re pretty constrained for what kinds of mixtures they can pre-load

and the fact that it’s not as automated is what’s holding them back, too,” Moore said. Figuring out the culinary aspect of the process has been one of the most difficult obstacles for the team. “I would say the largest obstacle is trying to put food into data and trying to understand the flow of viscosity, [or its resistance to flow]” Moore said. “It’s difficult to define how much power is needed to push the material through.” Because of this, the team went to seek culinary help. Senior culinary major Kirsten Anderson helped come up with the powder recipe the machine uses as its base material. With the powder recipe, the team is now integrating this food science into their machine. “It’s definitely been a challenge and almost hard for us,” said Eric Chapin, team member and senior mechanical engineering major. “[Working with culinary science] is hard because of how we look at it [from an engineering perspective].”

Continued to A2

C M Y


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.