West Melbourne Area Structure Plan

WEST MELBOURNE PRECINCT STRUCTURE PLAN scott. kristen. hayden. jay. kian.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

1.0 Executive Summary

5

2.0 Land Use

19

3.0 Urban Structure & Built Form 25 4.0 Transport & Access

31

5.0 Public Realm

39

6.0 Community Infrastructure

47

7.0 Implementation

51

8.0 References

52

2

Figure 1 General Location Figure 2 Regional Context Plan Figure 3 Guiding Principles Figure 4 Concept Plan Figure 5 Timeline Figure 6 Development Zones Figure 7 Proposed Land Uses Figure 8 Existing Land Uses Figure 9 Existing Zoning Figure 10 Density Analysis Figure 11 Existing Overlays Figure 12 Heritage Overlay Figure 13 Transportation Strategy Figure 14 Existing Walksheds Figure 15 Existing Road Network Figure 16 Existing Pedestrian Network Figure 17 Proposed Street Hierarchy Figure 18 Proposed Cycling Network Figure 19 Modes of Transport Figure 20 Cross Section Figure 21 Revitalized Public Block Figure 22 Existing Tree Canopy Figure 23 Revitalized Public Space Plan Figure 24 Public Realm Proposals Figure 25 Existing Public Realm Figure 26 Proposed Public Realm Improvements Figure 27 Proposed Community Hubs

6 8 10 12 16 20 22 23 23 26 28 29 32 33 33 33 34 35 35 36 40 41 41 42 44 45 48

GREEN SPACE

HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL

3

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

5

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Figure 1: General Location 1.1 INTRODUCTION

WEST ME

LBOURN E SITE

1.1.1 PLAN AREA

1.1.2 PURPOSE

This Precinct Structure Plan (PSP) delineates a 30 year vision for West Melbourne. The Plan Area is +/- 85 hectares and bounded by Victoria Street to the North, Railway Place to the West, La Trobe Street to the South, and Peel Street to the East. The precinct of West Melbourne is adjacent to North Melbourne, City North Urban Renewal Area, E-Gate, and the Melbourne Central Business District.

As such, it is facing significant pressure for renewal and densification.

The West Melbourne PSP aims to provide guidance through the redevelopment process. The West Melbourne PSP and the policies contained within it are aligned with and reflect the values voiced in the Community Engagement Workshops held by the City of Melbourne in April-May 2015. Their primary objective is to ensure development occurs in a sustainable manner.

TERRACE HOUSING

FLAGSTAFF GARDENS

.

D .

B .

C

6

NORTH MELBOURNE STATION

7

Figure 2: Regional Context Plan 1.2 PROJECTIONS

INK

2015

1.3 VISION STATEMENT

2030-2045

West Melbourne Population Projection

West Melbourne will build upon its historic character through contextual intensification in accordance with the growth projections and policy context of metropolitan Melbourne.

20000

N

IEBUR

CRAIG

CI T Y L

ELD

UPFI

HOPKINS NG ELO

Population

WESTERN REG IONAL TRACK

ST

10000

Population: 3,744

DYNON R D

RD

15000

Population: ~17,000 Population 3744

Median Age 30 5000

2016

GE

2021

2026

2031

2036

Male 57% Female 43% Years

Median personal income $798 (weekly)

West Melbourne Household Size Projection

CITY

REE

CITYLINK

T

WESTGATE FREEWAY

Semi-detached house or townhouse

34%

High-Rise Apartment (4 or more Stories)

29%

Low-Rise Apartment

33%

Housing Forms

CBD

8

LRT ROUTE

UPH

HOBSONS BAY

Persons / Household 2.0

High-Rise Apartment (4 or more Stories) Semi-detached house or townhouse

20

40%

1.5

% Low-Rise Apartment

40%

UPH

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

West Melbourne Private Dewelling (Residential) Projection 3500

Housing Forms

28.2 37.7

WEST MELBOURNE SITE

NORTH MELBOURNE STATION

Dwellings: 3,200

R ST

YAR

NCE

ER RA RIV

Dwellings: 2,400

SPE

LINK

2.5

Number of Dwellings

3000

2500

2000

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034

9

Figure 3: Guiding Principles

1

2

3

Cultivate a unique & vibrant precinct

Create a livable human-scale neighbourhood

Regenerate the streets

As the area accommodates the expanding Central City, it retains its unique character and appeal.

West Melbourne is a healthy and active neighbourhood where residents have access to a range of facilities and services within twenty minutes of their home.

The streets belong to everyone. They are welcoming and provide places to build community.

10

4

5

Provide access to Offer a diversity open space and of dwelling types natural areas All residents have access to high quality open space within walking distance.

Melburnians have varying needs, lifestyles, backgrounds, and fiscal constraints that are recognized in the provision of housing to produce a more diverse and inclusive community.

6

7

8

9

10

Preserve the precinct’s historical assets

Connect with the Central Business District

Connect people and engage community

Respect the ecological limits

New development recognizes and integrates the historical assets of West Melbourne to celebrate the precinct’s heritage.

Easy and reliable connection to the CBD in provided through multiple modes of transportation

Create a permeable and accessible precinct

People are connected to their neighbourhood and the people who live there through the services and facilities they utilize.

Redevelopment provides the opportunity to plan for the future by reducing the impact on the environment.

A compact built form with efficient public transit allows access to people of all means and abilities.

11

Figure 4: Concept Plan 1.4 KEY DIRECTIONS This Precinct Structure Plan delineates a 30 bounded by Hawke Street, Roden Street, year vision for West Melbourne through five King Street, and Spencer Street integrates Key Directions: Land Use, Urban Structure the existing built form and lane ways & Built Form, Transport & Access, Public to create an active public space node Realm, and Community Infrastructure. that compliments Flagstaff Gardens by The PSP document is structured around providing a contrasting experience. these Key Directions. Within each Key Directions, strategies are developed to lead These key elements, their overlaps, and development towards the most relevant implications, will be delineated further Guiding Principles. through chapter-by-chapter examination of West Melbourne’s Key Directions.

Figure 4: Concept Plan shows the key elements of the West Melbourne PSP. These elements are examined more in further depth in their respective PSP chapters. There are some important features to note: • Three development zones that will accommodate growth in different ways; heritage zone, sensitive development zone, and primary development zone.

• Spencer Street designated Main Street includes proposed community hubs and public space upgrades.

• Proposed tram route connects Spencer Street Main Street and the precinct of West Melbourne to the Central Business District.

• Proposed Revitalized Public Space space

REVITALIZED PUBLIC SPACE GREEN/OPEN SPACE PROPOSED TRAM ROUTE EXISTING TRAM ROUTE EXISTING LRT PROPOSED COMMUNITY HUB PROPOSED BUS STOPS

12

PROPOSED TRAM TERMINATION POINT

MAIN STREET THOROUGHFARE STREET TYPE 2

HERITAGE ZONE

STREET TYPE 3

SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT ZONE

STREET TYPE 4

PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT ZONE

500m

PLACEMAKING

13

1.5 GUIDING POLICY 1.5.1 PLAN MELBOURNE

1.5.2 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT SUMMARY

Plan Melbourne dictates the municipal vision. All finer scale planning and policy documents must be aligned to serve the key goals and strategies of Plan Melbourne.

Extensive engagement was held to collect input on the strengths, concerns, and future of West Melbourne as it pertains to the existing community members.

Specially, Plan Melbourne Chapter 4 delineates the strategy for Livable Communities and Neighbourhoods. The West Melbourne PSP should encourage 20 minute neighbourhoods which are safe and healthy, promote greenery, create public spaces, respect heritage, achieve design excellence, prevent inappropriate development while planning for future social infrastructure.

Heritage Overlay is a planning control document designed to protect the historical assets of the built environment. These assets can be protected through alternative uses or “like-for-like” replacements and upgrades.

The Community prioritizes diversity of Permits are required to subdivide and development types and land uses that offers demolish structures within the Heritage opportunities for residential and employment Overlay. growth throughout the area while protecting and enhancing the local character and Much of the North Section of the Plan Area community. The Community also believed is in the Heritage Overlay. There are also a West Melbourne’s renewal had the opportunity number of Individual Site Heritage Overlays throughout the Plan Area. These areas must to set the standard for sustainable renewal. adhere to Heritage Overlay mandates and The Community’s greatest concerns were should be preserve where ever possible. building appearance, public transport and car parking, changing demographics, climate change, housing affordability, open space and relationship to the CBD.

The West Melbourne PSP should also acknowledge and enforce Melbourne’s existing strengths; having suburbs of distinct character, high quality and quantity of public open spaces, and well design iconic and West Melbourne’s strengths should be enhanced by the PSP. As defined by the historical buildings. community memebers, these are a sense of community, scale of built environment, and accessibility.

14

1.5.3 HISTORY OVERLAY

1.5.4 TRANSPORTATION STRATEGY

1.5.5 OPEN SPACE STRATEGY

1.5.6 URBAN DESIGN STRATEGY

The Urban Design Strategy understands the importance of creating an inclusive and safe city through incorporation of outstanding design qualities. An emphasis on creating a unique sense of place, ensuring a socially, environmentally, culturally and economically sustainable future for its people is the main 15% of the City of Melbourne is open space. objective this document aims to express.

Forecasted population growth, indicates that there will be an increasing deficiency of The Urban Design Strategy sets out to: open space provisions in West Melbourne. • Provide a vision framework for urban design in Melbourne that builds on The Transportation Strategy also recognizes West Melbourne’s primary open space is the city’s fine history of achievements in integration with land use planning and Flagstaff Gardens. planning and urban design, and addresses urban renewal as essential. contemporary issues and challenges; • Identifies values, directions and opportunities for improving the livability and prosperity of public Melbourne in social, environmental, cultural and economic terms; and • Establish the importance of the City of Melbourne’s leadership role, and the relationships and partnerships that will ensure that ‘Public Melbourne’ realizes its potential and has a sustainable future.

The Transportation Strategy delineates the objectives for an efficient and equitable transportation system across the Greater Melbourne Metropolitan Region. Its objectives suggest Melbourne become an region of great streets that support multiple modes of transportation. Special emphasis is given to the importance of public transport, walking and cycling as dominant modes in Inner Melbourne.

The Open Space Strategy targets a 2027 vision. Open Space is an increasingly valuable piece of infrastructure for Melbourne. It encourages social connectedness, positive wellbeing, biodiversity, character, vitality, walkablity, and mitigates heat island effect.

15

1855

Figure 5: Timeline 1.6 HISTORY

The first significant event in West Melbourne’s history was the establishment of a cattle yard in 1842 at Elizabeth and Victoria Streets (present day Queen Victoria Market). In 1851, a Benevolent Asylum was opened.

This coincided with the gold-rush population influx. Town allotments were put up for sale in 1852.

1899

St Mary Star of the Sea

1938

Flagstaff Gardens

1945

Flagstaff Gardens

1964

Elizabeth Guest House, Victoria Street

1968

Adderley Street

West Melbourne was quickly inhabited. By the end of the 1870s, the area boasted a number of iconic civic buildings. The dominant building in the area became St. Mary’s Star of the Sea. This Gothic church still remains on Victoria Street.

The railway yards were completed in the 1880s and provided a significant source of employment. Several row houses and individual dwellings built in the same era were identified in a 1983 conservation study.

16

West Melbourne is also home to Melbourne’s St. James Old Cathedral, Festival Hall, the 1875 State School (closed in 1992), and the Simmonds Catholic Boys’ college and the iconic Flagstaff Gardens which served as Melbourne’s first cemetery, an observatory, a telegraph station and a quarry.

1855

1878

17

2.0 LAND USE

18

19

2.0 LAND USE

Figure 6: Development Zones 2.1 INTRODUCTION West Melbourne as it exists today is an eclectic mix of land uses. Historically, proximity to the Port of Melbourne established industrial activities in this area. Small scale Victorian terrace houses squeeze in between commercial and industrial areas. St. James Old Cathedral and brick warehouses strengthen the identity of the community and its working history. As Melbourne grew, North Melbourne station and the city loop train network allowed further suburban expansion beyond the study area. Recent redevelopment recognizes the desirable location of West Melbourne and the potential of larger plots which are under used considering the expansion of the Metropolitan area.

A significant amount of the study area is currently zoned for mixed use development, offering an opportunity to redevelop in an exciting way which furthers goals of the 20 minute neighbourhood (City of Melbourne 2014). With these zoning areas already in place, residential mid-rise structures can support the provision of shops, grocery stores, local civic amenities and employment through market driven responses.

SENSITIVE DEVELOPMENT ZONE

20

HERITAGE ZONE PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT ZONE

500m

This chapter looks at the three major development zones proposed to guide the intensity and type of land uses through the study area.

2.2 PRINCIPLES & OBJECTIVES

6 Preserve the precinct’s historical assets

• Integrate significant civic historical buildings with public land uses to emphasize unique background and character. These open spaces aim to create a vibrant open space experience unique to West Melbourne.

2 Create a livable human-scale neighbourhood

• Capitalize on the areas zoned as mixed use to allow for the organic provisions of local services.

• Use block bounded by Spencer Street, Stanley Street King Street, and Roden Street as a major urban public space area. Land uses on this block should encourage activity at various times of day and connect the Spencer Street corridor north through to Errol Street.

5 Offer a diversity of dwelling types

• A diversity of dwelling types promotes a more heterogeneous precinct that is inclusive to residents of vary lifestyles and means.

2.3 ISSUES Transitional zone The position of West Melbourne between the highly developed CBD and northern residential areas suggests a need for a transitional zone of strong historical character and progressive flexibility.

North Melbourne station area The edge created by existing large scale industrial and rail operations echoes a sense of practicality and durability. The area around North Melbourne station is well-positioned to accommodate future population growth as regional train connection expand through this regional hub.

Spencer Street corridor Heavy truck traffic, a wide road right-of-way and highly automobile oriented land uses along this curving, bisectional zone offer an opportunity for redevelopment as the tram is through to North Melbourne Station.

21

Figure 7: Proposed Land Uses

Figure 8: Existing Land Uses

2.4 STRATEGIES

RESIDENTIAL (MULTI-UNIT)

EDUCATION

RESIDENTIAL (SFH)

COMMUNITY/RECREATION

INDUSTRIAL

OPEN SPACE

WORKSHOP/STUDIO

MIXED USE

COMMERCIAL (OFFICE)

AUTO/GAS STATION/CARWASH

COMMERCIAL (RETAIL/HOSPITALITY)

OTHER

Figure 9: Existing Zoning

FUTURE ACTIVITY NODE WITH 400M WALKING CATCHMENT

500m

• Use a vertical mix of uses within redevelopment projects to provide residential units and localized employment within West Melbourne.

• Make provisions for innovative adaptive re-use of existing warehouse structures to stimulate mixed-use on an ultra-fine, human scale.

• Encourage measures to be taken in favour of density bonusing to allow site-specific additional density here a provision for affordable housing units has been made by the developer. The format and percentage of affordable housing units provided should be a minimum of 10% of the cumulative dwelling unit area.

• Encourage greater land use intensity at underused intersections along Spencer Street.

• Currently a major vehicle and truck thoroughfare, land uses along Spencer Street should include more active street fronts, laneway homes, and stepped back density to complement the provision of the Spencer Street tram route which may continue to serve future urban renewal areas.

• Residential development in West Melbourne should be sensitive to the existing Victorian terrace housing which offers an architectural and functional relationship with suburbs to the north. A consolidated public space at the junction of Hawke Street and Victoria Street would offer a unique gateway to West Melbourne (refer Figure 24: Proposed Improvement Areas).

EXISTING ACTIVITY NODE WITH 400M WALKING CATCHMENT ACTIVITY CORRIDORS PRIMARY STREET FRONTAGES

MUZ - MIXED USE GRZ1 - RESIDENTIAL ZONE 1

22

PROPOSED TRAM ROUTE

23

PUZ3 - PUBLIC USE ZONE 3 C1Z - BUSINESS ZONE

CURRENT TRAM ROUTE

500m

PPRZ - PUBLIC PARK & RECREATOIN ZONE 1

500m

3.0 URBAN STRUCTURE & BUILT FORM

24

25

Figure 10: Density Analysis

61.1 Populatoin / ha: 146 Units / ha:

45.0 Populatoin / ha: 96 Units / ha:

3.2 PRINCIPLES & OBJECTIVES

1 Cultivate a unique & vibrant precinct

• Use historical overlays to guide future growth areas • Maintain key sight-lines from Flagstaff Gardens towards Port Phillip.

• Use setbacks to limit shading of Flagstaff gardens

Typology 3

2 Create a livable human-scale neighbourhood 184.0 Populatoin / ha: 427 Units / ha:

• Transition density in a way which considers both pedestrian experience and regional growth projections.

• Allow for additional density along the proposed Spencer Street tram corridor by encouraging laneway units and strategic redevelopment of under-utilized land.

3.3 ISSUES

Typology 4

21.1 Populatoin / ha: 45 Units / ha:

500m

3.1 INTRODUCTION West Melbourne is located adjacent to the expanding CBD and this proximity applies significant development pressure on the area which is likely to increase as the population of Melbourne increases. The policies in this chapter aim to carefully weigh these pressures against the low rise and heritage qualities of the existing built form in West Melbourne.

Typology 2

26

3.0 URBAN STRUCTURE & BUILT FORM

Typology 1

West Melbourne contains a significant amount of under utilized space in the context of Melbourne’s future growth projections of 7.7 million people by 2051 (City of Melbourne 2015).

Ubiquitous podium-style buildings often take advantage of consolidated light industrial plots for their size, location, and relaxed zoning

27

Figure 11: Existing Overlays

Figure 12: Heritage Overlay

3.4 STRATEGIES The following section relates to the maximum building height, maximum podium heights, podium stepbacks, front setbacks and additional urban design guidelines. Refer to Figure 6: Development Zones for zone boundaries.

Policy

INDIVIDUAL HERITAGE SITE

Reason

Transitional Zone

HERITAGE OVERLAY PRECINCT

INDIVIDUAL HERITAGE SITE HERITAGE OVERLAY PRECINCT

Metric

500m

500m

Maximum building height

40m mandatory

Recognise development pressure while transitioning to residential areas further north

Maximum podium height

16m mandatory, 12m Recognise internal parking requirements and limit their negative impact on the pedestrian experience in terms discretionary of encroachment and visual appeal

Podium stepbacks

3m

Reduce the feeling of encroachment on pedestrian realm

Front setbacks

0m

Encourage relationship between buildings and streetscape

Spencer Street Corridor Maximum building height – existing residential

8m visible from street Preserve character of streetscape while adding dwelling units to corridor level, 12m mandatory

Maximum building height – redevelopment

20m mandatory

Locations with existing uses other than residential dwellings may accommodate a larger share of future growth

Maximum podium height

0m mandatory

Ensure an safe, active, and economically viable commercial corridor where significant public investment / infrastructure has been provided

Front setback

0m

Create solid street wall which is articulated through narrow street frontages

Maximum building height

20m discretionary

Encourage intensification in areas near rapid transit

Maximum podium height

8m

Encourage Public transit use at emerging North Melbourne station hub

Front setback

1m

Anticipate a crowding of sidewalks adjacent to station as surrounding communities intensify

North Melbourne Station Area

Existing Low Rise Residential Areas

28

500m

Maximum building height

8m

Preserve a fine grain of buildings

Front setback

Minimum 1m garden Preserve transitional “semi-private” garden / veranda space between houses and the sidewalk

Maximum plot frontage

12m

Preserve fine grain residential dwellings and local architectural identity

29

4.0 TRANSPORTATION & ACCESS

30

31

Figure 13: Transportation Strategy

4.0 TRANSPORT & ACCESS

Figure 14: Existing Walksheds

4.1 INTRODUCTION Located on the north edge of the CBD, West Melbourne is a community that is characterized by a dynamic mix of old and new housings, retail, cafes, and eateries. The transport system of West Melbourne is facing increasing pressure due to the expansion of the CBD as well as increased densities within the central city.

400m WALKSHED 800m WALKSHED

500m

Figure 15: Existing Pedestrian Network

PROPOSED TRAM ROUTE EXISTING TRAM ROUTE 500m

Figure 16: Existing Road Network

EXISTING LRT

500m

There is a projected population increase of 31% by 2031 in West Melbourne (City of Melbourne Small area Profiles, 2013). The adjacent community of North Melbourne is expected to have a population increase of 17% by 2031 (City of Melbourne, Small Area Profiles, 2013). The areas of Arden-Macaulay, E-Gate, and Dynon are recognized by Plan Melbourne as urban renewal areas with a combined population estimate of approximately 50 000 (Plan Melbourne 2015, Arden Macaulay Background Report 2011). These new populations will demand rapid transit through West Melbourne via the Metro, train, and tram lines, placing additional pressure on the local system.

Currently, there are four bus routes running through the study area (Bus Route 216, 219, 220, 401). Tram routes 55 and 57 run along Victoria Street and Tram 30 runs along La Trobe Street. Close proximity to the CBD increases the importance of the pedestrian and bicycle environment in West Melbourne. These active modes should be prioritized before automobile traffic wherever possible to enhance connectivity to community facilities and recreational open space.

The objective of this chapter is to provide effective an integrated transportation network that seamlessly connects West Melbourne to the CBD and adjacent suburbs.

EXISTING BUS STOP PROPOSED BUS STOPS

32

PROPOSED TRAM TERMINATION POINT

500m 500m 500m

33

Figure 17: Proposed Street Hierarchy

Figure 18: Proposed Cycling Network

4.2 PRINCIPLES & OBJECTIVES

7

Connect with the CBD Improve and increase the number and frequency of public transport services to reinforce the connections with the CBD. • Connect regional and local destinations such as Queen Victoria Market through local rapid transit (i.e. tram).

•

PROPOSED CYCLING PATHS

8

Create a permeable and accessible precinct • Improve public transport, cycling and pedestrian environment in the study area, to improve pedestrian and cyclists’ access network to important destinations and open space.

• Provide a safe and highly accessible transport network which encourages walking, cycling, and public transit users by giving them priority on right of ways and at intersections.

500m • Transportation systems and footpaths should include innovative design features to improve safety, efficiency and comfort. These designs should place particular emphasis on groups with limited mobility (children, seniors, wheelchairs, prams, crutches).

EXISTING CYCLING PATHS

Figure 19: Modes of Transport Method of transport Train Car, as driver Tram Walked only Bicycle Car, as passenger Bus Motorbike/scooter *Other transport method combinations Total Public transport total (train, tram, bus)

MAIN STREET THOROUGHFARE STREET TYPE 2

34

STREET TYPE 3 STREET TYPE 4

500m

West Melbourne 24% 62% 3% 2% 2% 4% 1% 1% 1% 100% (10,276) 28%

10 Respect the ecological limits

• Minimize private vehicle dependency by improving accessible transport network.

4.3 ISSUES

• At present, there are limited public transit routes for people traveling between the CBD and West Melbourne, especially people live in the inner West Melbourne.

• Considering the demographic trend of an aging population, walkable access to tram stops, benches, and a streamlined transit experience are increasingly important.

• Local residents rely on private vehicles (61%) (see Figure 19: Modes of Transport).

• Lack of bus stops to provide equal level of access of public transit services to all residents in the study area • Tram lines only run along the boundary of the study area (La Trobe and Victoria Street) • Both the tram and cycling networks are missing direct connections between West Melbourne and broader regional destinations.

35

Figure 20: Cross Section 4.4 STRATEGIES

Enhance the public transport network • Improve the number and frequency of the existing public transport system to benefit people movement between the CBD and West Melbourne • Four new bus stops will be built to improve the public access to bus services within a 400m walkable stop catchment (see Map) Propose a new tramline along Spencer Street • The new tramline can create a local corridor for small scale redevelopment and activity.

This benefits local residents and businesses.

• Provide access to walkable (within 400m) rapid transit access for greater than 90% of West Melbourne residents.

• Increase tram frequency (i.e. capcity) at peak periods to accommodate future and latent demand.

• Connect Spencer street tram to the North along route 57 or create a new line through the Dynon precinct as that urban renewal area develops.

Expand and upgrade cycling network • Proposed new on-road bicycle routes along the Spencer Street and King Street (see Figure 20: Cross Section), and connect and expand the new routes to the existing cycling paths

36

37

5.0 PUBLIC REALM

38

39

Figure 21: Revitalized Public Block

Figure 22: Existing Tree Canopy

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.0 PUBLIC REALM

Following work done by Oldenberg (1989), Putnam (1995) and Gehl (2013) a high quality public realm creates a shared living room for people of all descriptions. Investing in a public realm that is equitably provided across Melbourne can help improve the quality of life for all residents, and particularly those without access to private open space. Future midrise development in West Melbourne creates a higher demand for a quality public realm and the opportunity for increased pedestrian activity and street life.

5.2 PRINCIPLES & OBJECTIVES

3 Regenerate the Streets 500m

Spencer and Hawke Views

Notable Existing Qualities

Figure 23: Revitalized Public Space Plan Increase density on consolidated plots which are currently underutilized

King Street

Roden Street

• Enhance key intersections along Spencer Street to encourage local activity along the proposed tram corridor.

• Create new cycling connections to the CBD via Spencer Street and King Street. Link these cycle lanes to North Melbourne Station and the Capital City Trail.

• Relate the Spencer Street corridor to the historic thoroughfare of Errol Street to the North while establishing a physical contrast to distinguish the communities.

4 Provide access to open space and natural areas potential redevelopment

Stanley Street Spencer Street

40

REVITALIZED PUBLIC SPACE GREEN/OPEN SPACE

potential open space

10 Respect the ecological limits

facilitate lane-way housing where appropriate space 1 2

add bike

underused open space (private)

trees

adjust traffic flow

remove fence and add street furniture

buildings to preserve

• Expand strategic adaptation of excess parking and roadways to create and consolidate public open space.

• Recognise the importance of Flagstaff Gardens as a large and historically significant public open space in West Melbourne.

• The major proposed revitalized public space aims to create a central hub for activity within West Melbourne.

As a redevelopment project, this specific site should reflect the eclectic character of West Melbourne through its architectural references to intimate laneway spaces and brick and stone materials. More specifically, the design of this site should include efficient pedestrian flows towards Errol Street, direct access to the new Spencer Street tramline, and a public courtyard facing towards North Melbourne station

median

500m

• The current tree canopy of West Melbourne is approximated in Figure 22: Existing Tree Canopy as 11%.

Melbourne’s Urban Forest Strategy (2012) targets up to 40% tree canopy coverage for the city by 2040.

These measures aim to mitigate the negative impacts of the urban heat island effect while also improving the quality of the local streetscape.

41

Figure 24: Public Realm Proposals 5.3 ISSUES • High amounts of local on-street parking and surface parking lots.

• Noise and high speed Spencer street corridor (Spencer Street cross section now and future changes, lanes, tram, bike path, added units and their setbacks, greening the laneways to create “filaments towards Flagstaff Gardens, North Melbourne Station) • Craving for a physical / spatial way to express the community’s unique identity • Way finding is challenging due to radial street layout

5.4 STRATEGIES Policy

Metric

Reason

Arcades / awnings

Shop fronts should provide some form of arcade or awning extending over the sidewalk

Provide shade and shelter from rain, particularly where natural canopy has not matured to cover pedestrian circulation

Podium articulation

Use podium walls as public art canvases, and investigate other possible creative uses through student projects, community input

Recognise internal parking requirements and limit their negative impact on the pedestrian experience in terms of encroachment and visual appeal

Consolidate small park spaces and reduce on-street parking

24: Proposed Improvement Refer to Figure ____________ Areas

Provide secondary open spaces to complement Flagstaff Gardens

Improve Spencer Street corridor from the CBD to North Melbourne Station area

20: Cross Section Refer to Figure __________

Continue pedestrian oriented environment from the CBD into future midrise areas, local shops, and key station area

Embrace irregular block pattern as a form of community identity

Create pockets of designed spaces along Spencer street, Echo topographical changes through stepped features

Express unique community identity in physical spaces

POTENTIAL PUBLIC SPACE IMPORVEMENTS

42

POTENTIAL INITIAL REDEVELOPMENT SITES EXISTING GREEN/OPEN SPACE

500m

43

Figure 25: Existing Public Realm

Figure 26: Proposed Public Realm Improvement

1 3

1 5 4

2

44

1

consolidate and improve open space

2

add bike lanes

3

adjust traffic flow shift parking to median

4

facilitate lane-way housing

5

remove fence and add street furniture

45

6.0 COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE

46

47

6.0 COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE

Figure 27: Proposed Community Hubs 6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.4 STRATEGIES

The objective of this chapter is to reinforce the strong sense of community in West Melbourne community and to improve the levels of access to all kinds of community services and facilities under the pressure of population growth in the future. Also, this chapter ensures future development of community services and developments to satisfied future needs given the population growth projection.

Establish new community hub locations for the future needs of the community given the level of population growth projections.

• A wide range of community facilities and services will be interpreted into new community hubs which will be built along the new major activity corridor (Spencer Street) in a 400m walking distance to serve all the residents in the community.

• Those community hubs will provide services such as family services, childcare facilities, preschool education facilities, aged services, playground, youth support services, etc

6.2 PRINCIPLES & OBJECTIVES

9 Connect people and engage community

• • •

All the community facilities must be located within a 400m walkable distance All the streets are directly connected to form a safe walking environment All the community facilities must be well accessible by pedestrian, cyclists, and public transit and provides all kinds of functions to people with different backgrounds.

• Ensure all the new residents will get access to the community services and facilities

2 Create a livable human scale neighbourhood

• People’s basic needs are fulfilled by diverse local services and amenities • All the recreational open spaces should be easily access to all the residents

5 Offer a diversity of dwelling types •

A wide range of housing types is provided for different lifestyles households.

6.3 ISSUES REVITALIZED PUBLIC SPACE PROPOSED ACTIVE INTERSECTIONS

48

EXISTING COMMUNITY AND CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE GREEN/OPEN SPACE

500m

• Population growth (31% by 2031) in the neighborhood will require more community facilities and services.

• West Melbourne lacks of community and cultural infrastructure, especially the inner part of West Melbourne (see map community hub) • West Melbourne should have a range of services provide to residents with different cultural background (37% of local population are born oversea).

• 45% of ownership in West Melbourne is rented. More options of housing should be provided to the residents • 38% of residents work outside of City of Melbourne. West Melbourne should create more local employment opportunities.

Enhance the access to local education facilities • Youth education is the key for future growing and development in West Melbourne • Education facilities should provide a multiple cultural education to residents with diverse cultural background (37% residents born oversea) The housing in West Melbourne should be designed to accommodate a population with diverse income level.

• All housings should be well supported by public transport, local community services, and employment opportunities.

• More affordable housing should be built for young families.

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7.0 IMPLEMENTATION

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7.0 IMPLEMENTATION

8.0 REFERENCES

Proper implementation is essential to the success of the vision set by the West Melbourne PSP. As this PSP is a thirty year document, longterm implementation and consistent vision must be sustained throughout a prolonged timeline.

The PSP will be implemented through a range of actions; high priority actions (1 year), medium priority actions (1-5 years), and low priority actions (5+ years).

PHASE ONE (High Priority)

PHASE TWO (Medium Priority)

PHASE THREE (Low Priority)

Policy driven actions are the most critical Advocacy driven actions continue in Phase Advocacy driven actions continue in Phase during Phase One. Planning scheme Two or until the planning projects being Three or until the planning projects being advocated for are achieved. amendments and overlay revisions set the advocated for are achieved. legal basis for the PSP’s vision. They obligate the City, the Community, land owners, Research driven actions continue in Phase Research driven actions continue in Phase and other stakeholders to address West Two as trends and changes as a result of Three as trends and changes as a result of Melbourne’s development in a way that Phase One may become apparent. It is Phase One and Phase Two may become important to consistently monitor the PSP’s apparent. It is important to consistently aligns with the PSP. monitor the PSP’s progress. progress.

Advocacy driven actions must occur in phase one as well. These actions involve continued Design driven actions that occur at this investment and engagement in larger City of phase translate the PSP’s vision into a spatial Melbourne and state government planning and site specific outcome. These could include master planning of public spaces or projects. transportation networks, community hubs, Research into the feasibility of specific PSP or design guidelines. strategies should be analysed as early as possible.

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City of Melbourne Urban Forest Strategy, (2012) City of Melbourne Plan Melbourne Refresh, (2015).

Oldenburg, Ray. The Great Good Place: Café, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Beauty Parlors, General Stores, Bars, Hangouts, and How They Get You through the Day. Paragon House Publishers, 1989.

Putnam, Robert D. “Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital.” Journal of democracy 6, no. 1 (1995): 65-78.

Gehl, Jan. Cities for people. Island press, 2013.

City of Melbourne, Plan Melbourne, (2014).

City of Melbourne, Arden Macaulay Background Report, (2011).

City of Melbourne, West Melbourne Small Area Demographic Profile, (2013).

City of Melbourne, North Melbourne Small Area Demographic Profile, (2013).

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