Plan for Nature Long version

OUR PLAN FOR NATURE

Looking after the best of Scotland’s nature for everyone

Wood pasture at Old Wood of Drum, Aberdeenshire

NATURE AND THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR SCOTLAND

The National Trust for Scotland protects nature by managing land for conservation. We also promote access, education and enjoyment of nature and campaign for its protection.

Our nature conservation is defined by what is important and threatened in Scotland and at our places. Nature is declining in Scotland as evidenced by the State of Nature Report.

We believe that when nature is thriving, it underpins the lives and activities of people, providing physical and mental wellbeing, employment, sustainable economies and protection against climate change. We believe that the benefits of nature should be accessible to all, so they can be enjoyed by everyone.

We look after all of Scotland’s important habitats, but have special responsibility for some in particular – heathlands, pinewoods and montane willow scrub in our mountains; seabird colonies & machair on our islands; and habitats defined by ancient and veteran trees in our parklands and wood pastures.

Our species conservation focuses on mountain plants and seabirds, plus several other species which we have special responsibility for at our places: Hen Harrier, Red-necked Phalarope, Corncrake, Greenland White-fronted Goose, Narrow-headed Ant, Willow Tit, Vendace and the Scottish endemics Slender Scotch Burnet and Arran Whitebeams, which occur nowhere else in the world.

We also have a unique responsibility for about 200 species of invertebrates, lichens, mosses and fungi, which only occur at a handful of sites in the UK.

We aim to work in partnership for the above nature and for a broader range of habitats and species, where we can deliver a key role in wider landscape work, including Scotland’s rainforest.

With the above work, the National Trust for Scotland will play an important part in delivering government commitments for nature, including the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy and tackling the nature and climate crises.

INTRODUCTION

The National Trust for Scotland is the largest nature conservation organisation in Scotland in several respects. Among environmental charities, the Trust is the largest conservation land manager, largest membership organisation and largest network of countryside rangers. The Trust also manages a significant number of protected areas, including the largest network of National Nature Reserves in Scotland1

We encompass the full range of nature in Scotland, from the deep seas around Fair Isle and St Kilda to the montane plateau of the high Cairngorms at Mar Lodge Estate. We also manage important cultural landscapes with outstanding nature and natural beauty, including the machair of Iona, the medieval wood pasture at Drum and the dramatic landscape of Glencoe.

places to form semi-natural, nature-rich habitats. In those places, we have a duty to conserve both nature and heritage together. This duty extends to our wider work, including advocacy where we promote the wide range of above interests. The Trust also has an important duty to encourage access, enjoyment and education in relation to both nature and heritage.

Glencoe Lochaber, an iconic Scottish landscape where we are restoring native woodland, upland heathland and montane willow scrub

The Trust is unique in Scotland in the breadth of its work. As well as managing habitats and species for conservation, we have a much broader scope in respect of ‘nature’. This covers landscape conservation, geological conservation and nature in our gardens.

Indeed, our charity was founded for the protection of nature and cultural heritage. And cultural heritage often interacts with nature at our

The Plan for Nature is an integral part of the wider National Trust for Scotland strategy –Nature, Beauty & Heritage for Everyone, a ten-year strategy 2022-2032 – in that it outlines the activities we plan to take for nature conservation during this period, so that nature is flourishing across our landscapes. It also demonstrates our commitment to the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy and how our activities align with it. But most of all, the Plan for Nature outlines the work we will undertake to provide hope and solutions to the nature and climate crises.

The Plan for Nature also takes a longer-term view in defining the Trust’s nature conservation identity. This relates to our places and the important habitats and species which occur there.

1Largest by area

DOUGIE CUNNINGHAM

THE TRUST’S ORIGINS AND CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES

The National Trust for Scotland was founded in 1931 and established in an Act of Parliament in 1935. The Act covered the preservation of nature, beauty and heritage. In respect of nature, the act states: ‘The National Trust for Scotland shall be established for the purposes of promoting the permanent preservation for the benefit of the nation of lands… in Scotland... of national interest or natural beauty… for the preservation (so far as practicable) of their natural aspect, features and animal and plant life’. The act was amended in 1938 to cover a wider range of provisions including ‘the promotion of the access to and enjoyment of such… places… by the public’

The Trust is guided by a set of conservation principles, including the following, which relate to nature:

1. We will accelerate restoration of our estate in one of two directions, i) towards climax (wild) communities such as native woodland or blanket bog, or ii) semi-natural, nature rich cultural landscapes, such as meadows, heathlands or wood pastures in good ecological condition.

2. Priority will be given to the healthy functioning of ecosystems and native species or habitats for which we have national or global responsibility.

3. We will prioritise conservation effort towards international and national strategies and obligations and will have enabled nature to flourish across our countryside gardens, farmed and designed landscapes.

4. We place high value on landscape aesthetic as well as habitats and species.

5. We place high value on maintaining a sense of wildness, especially on our properties in Wild Land Areas.

These principles recognise that many important habitats, such as meadows and wood pastures, require sustainable farming to keep them in good ecological condition. Our land will continue to include farmland and other managed habitats as part of the portfolio of nature we manage. The cultural significance of traditional land management practices, for example crofting, will be considered in these situations as well.

For the restoration of wild habitats, we will allow natural processes as far as possible, but recognise that we will often need to intervene – to control herbivores, for example – where natural processes have previously been altered by man, including the extinction of predators or ecosystem engineer species.

We will have a presumption for natural regeneration of trees and all other plants and animals where possible. We also pragmatically realise that this will not be possible in all cases, for example where important elements of native flora and fauna are no longer present in the landscape, particularly where they are threatened or important for ecological restoration. This extends to trees (planting), other keystone species and species suitable for reintroduction.

Drooping Saxifrage

SARAH WATTS

OUR NATURE CONSERVATION IDENTITY, RESPONSIBILITY AND OPPORTUNITY

The Trust deploys a long term, consistent and stable approach to the habitats and species on which we focus our conservation activity. To be effective in nature conservation it is essential to have long term goals and work consistently towards these over time. It can take decades to restore a species-rich meadow, a century to naturally regenerate a native woodland and two to three centuries to grow a single ancient oak tree.

Our nature work is aligned to the responsibility we have for habitats and species in Scotland. We focus on habitats and species of conservation concern where we manage a high proportion of the Scottish, UK, European or World resource and where we have a significant opportunity to further the conservation of the habitat or species.

Of the 40 UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitats that occur in Scotland, at least 32 of these appear on the Trust estate in significant amounts. These are listed below and are Trust Priority Habitats – the habitats that provide the framework and focus for our nature conservation activities.

Trust Priority Habitats, where we have special responsibility and opportunity:

• Machair

• Mountain willow scrub

• Native pinewood

• Seabird cliffs and island

• Upland heathland

• Wood pasture and parkland

The priority habitats and species will provide organisational focus for the Trust’s nature work, while protected areas, i.e., sites designated by government nature conservation agencies, along with wildlife law, provide the external obligation for our nature work.

The Trust also works within two national parks, the Cairngorms and Loch Lomond and the Trossachs. Here we will also play our role in fulfilling the nature conservation objectives of the national parks, which often, but don’t always, overlap with our national priorities in the Plan for Nature.

Machair is found on Iona

A Corncrake in the Hebrides

OUR PRIORITY HABITATS

Habitat Group Trust Priority Habitats

✱ Priority habitats for which the Trust has special responsibility and opportunity.

✚ Priority habitats for which management will focus on a species conservation approach.

♦ Priority habitats providing nature-based solutions to climate change. Trust Responsibility in relation to overall Scottish resource Trust Opportunity to make a difference to the habitat

Upland Habitats

Upland Heathland ✱

Mountain Willow Scrub ✱

Inland Rock Outcrop & Scree Habitats

Blanket Bog ♦

Upland Flushes, Fens & Swamps

Mountain Heaths

Upland Calcareous Grassland

Islands Seabird Cliffs and Islands ✱ ✚

Native Woodland & Trees Wood Pasture and Parkland ✱ ♦

Native Pinewood ✱ ♦

Upland Oakwood ♦

Upland Mixed Ashwood ♦

Upland Birchwood ♦

Hazelwoods ♦

Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland ♦

Traditional Orchards

Wet Woodland ♦

Wildflower Grassland & Sea Braes Machair ✱

Lowland Meadows

Upland Hay Meadow

Lowland Dry Acid Grassland

Lowland Calcareous Grassland

Maritime Cliff & Slope

Purple Moor-grass & Rush Pastures

Other Lowland Habitats Coastal & Floodplain Grazing Marsh ✚ ♦

Lowland Heathland

Calaminarian Grassland

Lowland Fens

Arable Field Margins

Lochs & Rivers Rivers ✚

Mesotrophic Lochs ✚

Oligotrophic & Dystrophic Lochs

OUR PRIORITY SPECIES

There are approximately 90,000 species occurring in the wild in Scotland. We have considered those which are rare and for which information was available and identified a focussed group of 26 Trust Priority Species (or species groups), where the Trust has significant responsibility and opportunity. We will focus our species conservation on these, either independently or in partnership.

Trust Priority Species

Upland Habitats

Alpine Fleabane

Wildflower Grassland & Sea Braes

Native Woodland & Trees

Erigeron borealis Flowering Plants

Alpine Gentian Gentiana nivalis Flowering Plants

Drooping Saxifrage

Saxifraga cernua Flowering Plants

Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Birds

Highland Saxifrage

Mountain Sandwort

Red-necked Phalarope

Small Cow-wheat

Snow Pearlwort

Tufted Saxifrage

Corncrake

Greenland White-fronted Goose

Slender Scotch Burnet

Arran Whitebeams (Three species)

Narrow Headed Ant

Willow Tit

Saxifraga rivularis Flowering Plants

Sabulina rubella Flowering Plants

Phalaropus lobatus Birds

Melampyrum sylvaticum Flowering Plants

Sagina nivalis Flowering Plants

Saxifraga cespitosa Flowering Plants

Crex crex Birds

Anser albifrons flavirostris Birds

Zygaena loti scotica Moths

Sorbus arranensis, Sorbus pseudofennica & Sorbus pseudomeinichii Flowering plants (Trees)

Formica exsecta Ants

Poecile montanus Birds a Click Beetle

Lochs & Rivers Northern Damselfly

Rugged Stonewort

Vendace

Islands

European Storm Petrel

Fulmar

Great Skua

Leach's Petrel

Puffin

Razorbill

Ampedus tristis Beetles

Coenagrion hastulatum Damselflies

Chara rudis Algae

Coregonus albula Fish

Hydrobates pelagicus Birds

Fulmarus glacialis Birds

Stercorarius skua Birds

Hydrobates leucorhous Birds

Fratercula arctica Birds

Alca torda Birds

Many of the Trust Priority Species already have detailed monitoring programmes undertaken by Trust staff, contractors and volunteers which extend back, in some cases for decades. All Trust Priority Species will have scientifically robust monitoring programmes deployed in the future.

There are a large number of rare species on the Trust estate, many of which are not known to occur anywhere else in Scotland or the UK, but which we do not know enough about to undertake conservation work. Many of these occur, as far as we are aware, at only one site on the Trust estate. At least one species occurs at only one site in the world. Most are lichens, fungi, mosses and insects.

These have been identified as the approximately 200 Survey and Research Priority Species

listed in appendix 1. These will be the focus of surveys and research to find out more about their conservation status and ecological requirements. Should it be confirmed that the Trust does indeed have a unique responsibility for these species, and where conservation mechanisms can be identified, some of these species may be elevated to Trust Priority Species in the future.

Additional species that are discovered on the Trust estate and meet the criteria for survey and research will also be added to the list.

Dotterel is one of the species on our survey and research priority list

HOW WE WORK FOR NATURE

It is important we reflect on where we are and take an honest view of the state of nature. Despite much public concern, effort by conservation charities and goodwill from politicians and landowners, nature continues to decline.

This is clear from resources such as the State of Nature Report, which give a Scotland-wide view, along with multiple monitoring series collected by NTS including for seabirds and mountain plants. Although there are many individual conservation success stories, overall we are currently losing the battle for nature and as a result our land becomes less able to protect us against climate change.

The majority of land in Scotland is managed for objectives other than nature, resulting in ecological degradation and/or greenhouse gas release into the atmosphere. It is increasingly realised that contemporary land management systems are not good for nature or climate and are deepening the nature and climate crises.

In many places deer and livestock are managed at unsustainable levels – reducing

the capacity of native woodlands to regenerate – or non-native tree species are planted in near monocultures, replacing semi-natural habitats. These are wrongly referred to as nature-based solutions to climate change. Farming is largely guided by an economic system which doesn’t adequately value nature and climate.

These factors are pervasive, deeply rooted into our economic and cultural systems. They cross ownership boundaries onto Trust land and operate through the wider economy. They affect our tenants and the Trust, encouraging us to take actions which are not in the best interest of nature or climate.

Although there are many individual conservation success stories, we are also well aware that economic and cultural forces have degraded nature and natural climate services on Trust properties and throughout Scotland. Unfortunately, they have often come into play at the expense of sustainable land management.

The following factors are understood to be the main drivers of nature loss in Scotland:

• Intensive agriculture.

• Non-native tree plantations, primarily Sitka spruce.

• Fragmentation of habitats (particularly lowland habitats and native woodland).

• Climate change.

• High levels of browsing, particularly deer in the uplands.

• Undergrazing in some areas (particularly land previously managed as low-intensity agriculture).

• Some forms of sporting management, including intensive grouse moors.

• Freshwater pollution.

• Invasive non-native species (INNS), including new pests and pathogens.

• Intensive fishing and fish farming practices.

• Renewable energy infrastructure.

But for all of these, sustainable and/or significantly less damaging approaches are available and practised in Scotland at least to a limited extent. These can also result in positive economic and social impacts.

Naturally regenerating native pinewood at Mar Lodge, Cairngorms National Park SHAILA RAO

The Trust’s ten-year strategy, Nature, Beauty & Heritage for Everyone lists four ‘Core Conservation Objectives’. One of these is: ‘We will have enabled nature to flourish across our countryside, gardens, farmed and designed landscapes, taking the opportunity to aid its recovery in places where climate change and past practices have diminished it’ To do so we must ensure all Trust land is well managed for nature and climate.

All Trust land, within our control or influence, will therefore be managed for nature and/or nature-based solutions to climate change. This will take considerable investment and time to achieve and will be ongoing within and beyond our current ten-year strategy. It may seem like an impossibly large task, but we will ensure we get there by sticking to this principle, embedding it in our working culture and taking iterative steps consistently over time towards our goals.

Exactly what well managed for nature and climate means on a given site will vary, and each will be subject to a planning process based on ecological principles.

Plans for each of our places will include the priority habitats, species, landscapes and geology which occur there, along with the actions we will take to restore them. Developing plans will take account of previous plans and where each site is at in the transition to ecological restoration.

Plans will steer our nature conservation land management in one of two restorative directions depending on what is appropriate in each case, either towards climax (wild) habitats, such as native woodlands or blanket bogs, or towards nature rich, traditionally managed habitats, such as wildflower meadows, heaths or wood pastures. Activities in plans will also aim to achieve good ecological condition for our priority habitats.

Instead of intensive impacts pervading the Trust’s land management, degrading nature and climate services, ecological principles will help guide our sustainable land management. We will remove the negative impacts of intensive land management activities and replace them with positive impacts for nature at our places, i.e.

• Replacing intensive agriculture with ecologically sustainable agriculture – ‘high nature value farmland’.

• Replacing non-native forests with native woodlands.

• Creating new areas of native woodland.

• Taking organisation-wide measures to go carbon negative by 2031.

• Managing deer and livestock browsing to sustainable levels for habitats.

• Removing excessive nutrient inputs to our land to stop diffuse pollution and manage hydrological control structures to mitigate cross boundary diffuse pollution.

• Eradicating the six most troublesome invasive non-native plants from our estate and protecting our islands from colonisation by non-native predatory mammals.

• Supporting the Fair Isle Demonstration and Research Marine Protected Area partnership, including fisheries bodies, eNGOs, local government and the local community to research and demonstrate voluntary sustainable fisheries management.

• Ensuring any renewable infrastructure on the Trust estate will have no significant ecological impact on nature.

• Sourcing sustainable building materials such as timber, heather, reed, straw etc from conservation management activity.

Upland heathland, Mar Lodge, Cairngorms National Park

SHAILA RAO

The Plan for Nature will contribute to the Trust’s Climate Action Plan. This will provide a route map for achieving the Trust’s carbon negative target. A significant contribution to this will be from locking up carbon through peatland and woodland restoration.

We will only accommodate limited and necessary exceptions where we can’t restore land for nature and climate. For example, where to do so would damage significant cultural heritage. In many cases the restoration of traditionally managed landscapes will benefit both nature and cultural heritage, but in some cases, restoring habitats such as native woodland could cause cultural heritage to be damaged. In these cases, the Trust will look to optimise outcomes for both heritage and nature through compromise, but will apply an exception to not restore nature in an area if this is deemed the best conservation outcome on balance.

Our charity manages significant areas ‘in hand’ and has 188 crofts, 28 agricultural tenancies and many seasonal grazing lets and heritable graziers at our places.

We understand that most of our tenants, heritable graziers and neighbours want to manage land well for nature and climate –and that they also need to run profitable and practical businesses. It is our intention to work collaboratively with agricultural and other land

management stakeholders to bring about ecologically sustainable land management in a practical and mutually beneficial way.

The Trust recognises that in cases where tenants and graziers are managing Trust land, we do not have direct control of land management. In these cases, it is appropriate that the Trust aims to work with these parties to find solutions that incentivise and support delivery of sustainable agriculture, alongside and complementing the interests of agricultural communities and the wider public interest.

On the occasions where crofters, tenants, neighbours, heritable graziers or other stakeholders’ objectives are not compatible with our charitable cause to protect nature, we will prioritise our objectives on land where we can or do hold tenure. The above approach is in line with the Trust’s conservation principles, which states: ‘Conservation processes should seek to resolve conflicts, but where irreconcilable differences between conservation aims and other aims arise, conservation will prevail’.

The Trust also recognises that in some cases individuals or communities will not want to work either with us, or independently, to support nature and climate, and that it is their right to do so, as long as they comply with the law and control tenure, through an agricultural or crofting lease, even if this is on land owned by the Trust.

Blanket bog restoration at our places is storing carbon as a naturebased solution to climate change MARIEKE

ACQUISITION

In order to fulfil our nature conservation mission, and recognising the need for more land to be effectively protected for nature and climate services, the Trust will very selectively consider the acquisition of land for nature conservation.

The first priority will be to strengthen our management in areas of our existing estate where it is strategic and necessary to do so to deliver effective nature conservation. E.g., where we can’t currently achieve conservation land management, for example due to a tenant controlling grazing rights, where they wish to sell.

Our second priority will be acquisition to improve the care of land we already own, by extending it, to unlock landscape scale

restoration and/or an ability to manage our existing estate better.

Thirdly, we will very selectively assess opportunities for new acquisition where it is of exceptional national value for nature or where it offers an exceptional opportunity for landscape scale restoration, or where we can provide exceptional access or visitor experiences. Sites that deliver on all or many of these criteria will likely provide the most compelling cases for acquisition.

We will focus on habitats which are particularly associated with Scotland and the Trust’s nature conservation identity, such as machair, seabird islands, native pinewood, montane willow scrub and important assemblages of mountain plants.

Net Leaved Willow, one of the rare species forming mountain willow scrub priority habitat

DAVID MARDON

PLAN FOR NATURE ACTIONS

The actions which we will take up until 2032, i.e. from now until the end of the Trust’s current ten-year strategy period, to deliver the Plan for Nature are presented below. We have grouped the actions under the relevant priority habitats and species, or where relevant as cross-cutting actions.

The ways in which the Plan for Nature actions help deliver the National Trust for Scotland’s strategy, Nature, Beauty & Heritage for Everyone, are explained in appendix 2, and the ways in which Plan for Nature actions help deliver the Scottish Government’s Scottish Biodiversity Strategy are explained in appendix 3.

CROSS-CUTTING ACTIONS

1) Planning

NTS management plans will clearly show which areas of the Trust’s estate are to be maintained/ restored as native woodland or maintained/ restored as non-woodland priority habitats in good ecological condition.

2) Herbivore impacts

A nationally co-ordinated programme will be delivering consistent monitoring protocols for both browsing impacts (woodland and nonwooded habitats) and deer counts across all our upland estates by 2026. Browsing impacts will be monitored at least every five years. As well as the Trust meeting its own standard, we will be mindful of wider monitoring and co-ordination with deer management groups and neighbours as far as possible.

3) Deer

Deer will be culled as informed by the above evidence, along with consideration of the impact of domestic stock (if present), and deploying high welfare standards, to ensure that >90% of upland heathland, established and establishing native woodland and other priority habitats across all upland areas of our estate are experiencing appropriate browsing impacts (as determined in management plans). We will aim to do this without deer fencing as far as possible. Appropriate browsing impacts will be those which are low enough to allow native woodland to regenerate and expand and for dwarf shrubs to maintain and increase in upland heathlands and bogs.

4) Agricultural policy and strategy

The Trust will review and update its Crofting Policy in relation to the Plan for Nature and other relevant developments. The Trust will develop an internal agricultural strategy, which will review where,

why, and how we will engage with agricultural operations on our estate, to realise opportunities to resource ecologically sustainable farming, working with farming communities to do so.

5) Upland conservation grazing (in hand) Management plans will clearly show where the Trust will graze stock on upland areas to achieve our conservation objectives. Where we do, we will monitor impacts on priority habitats, and adjust stocking densities to regenerate or maintain these habitats in good ecological condition.

6) Long duration tenants, such as crofters and 1991 tenancies

We will engage with agricultural communities on Trust land to discuss ecologically sustainable land management, in a way which builds understanding and appreciation of both the Trust’s and agricultural communities’ objectives. The Trust will aim to engage with each tenant, crofter and heritable grazier.

7) Short term management agreements, such as annual grazing agreements, Short Limited Duration Tenancies and Modern Limited Duration Tenancies

When existing short term management agreements end, we will move towards measures which either maintain or restore non-woodland priority habitats in good ecological condition (typically species-rich grassland, wood pasture or heathland) or restore the site towards native woodland. Where possible, we will aim to engage and support the agricultural community in such activity and minimise disruption that the change may bring, but realise continuing engagement will not always be possible depending on the tenant’s objectives.

The timeframe of the development of this activity will be determined by current agreement expirations, but we will be respectful of the need to transition certain tenancies, particularly SLDTs

and MLDTs. We will also need to phase-in change where the Trust cannot resource it in a practical sense immediately.

HABITAT ACTIONS

Montane willow scrub and treeline woodland actions

8) The Trust will complete a comprehensive survey of all montane willow scrub populations at an individual plant level. (Applying to exclusively montane willows only, i.e. Salix arbuscula, S. lapponum, S. lanata, S. myrsinites and S. reticulata).

9) All Trust montane willow scrub populations will have minimal/no browsing visible on bushes. Excludes Mountain Hare and Vole impacts, i.e. herbivores outside our control.

10) All Trust montane willow scrub populations will consist of at least 100 individuals for each willow species naturally present.

11) Our charity will create at least one large new population of montane willow scrub at Ben Lawers and several at Mar Lodge. We will undertake studies to investigate the feasibility of establishing large new populations at Glencoe and West Affric.

12) The Trust will continue to encourage the development of treeline woodland at Ben Lawers and Mar Lodge, by controlling browsing impacts and other necessary management activities. Our montane willow scrub and treeline woodland work will often involve collaborative work with partners at a landscape scale. This will be the case with many habitats, but particularly so with

montane willow scrub and treeline woodland as they occur near watersheds and, therefore often, estate boundaries, meaning they require cross boundary deer control.

Blanket bog

13) We will have surveyed all of our blanket bogs for drainage, burning, invasive, non-native species actions (INNS), peat depth and grazing pressures to build a complete, detailed understanding of their condition and restoration needs.

14) All Trust blanket bogs will have had all surface drains either reprofiled or blocked to restore their hydrology and where accessible and deemed appropriate to do so in plans (i.e. where equipment can reach and subject to contractor availability), have had their peat hags reprofiled.

15) All Trust blanket bogs will have had all non-native trees and shrubs removed. (Natural regeneration (native species) will generally be left, except on sites being restored from the damaging impacts of forestry, which are particularly vulnerable to becoming overtaken by natural regeneration).

Upland flush, fen and swamp

16) We will have established a national monitoring programme for significant flushes across the Trust estate to monitor trampling, grazing and vegetation change. Results will be fed into deer and stock management planning.

Upland calcareous grasslands

17) The Trust will have surveyed and mapped the extent and condition of all our significant upland calcareous grasslands.

Upland heathland, one of the priority habitats of special responsibility and opportunity to the Trust. The most extensive priority habitat at our places

The Trust looks after 20% of the UK’s breeding population of Fulmars

Inland, rock and scree habitats

18) Our charity will continue to expand the areas of upland tall herb vegetation at Ben Lawers and Mar Lodge, by controlling browsing impacts and other necessary management activities. We will undertake studies to investigate the feasibility of establishing large new extents of this habitat at other Trust properties.

Montane heaths

19) We will establish a national monitoring programme for montane heaths across the Trust estate to monitor grazing, dung/urine enrichment and vegetation change. Results will be fed into deer and stock management.

20) The Trust will audit all of our montane heathland sites that have high visitor numbers, in order to gauge their condition and assess path construction/information provision options, which may help protect the habitat from footfall erosion and implement available measures.

Seabird cliff and Islands

21) The Trust will develop a voluntary scheme for boat operators in partnership with the Biosecurity for Scotland’s Seabird Islands project to adopt best practice biosecurity guidelines for boats visiting Scottish islands. We will encourage participation by offering boat operators engagement materials for Trust islands they visit and by using our website to ask visitors to choose a boat operator who is signed

up to the scheme (after at least a one-year sign-up period to allow operators to adjust).

22) The Trust will deploy best practice surveillance measures to detect potential incursions of rats and other non-native mammalian predators on all Trust seabird islands, with biosecurity plans and monitoring stations in place.

23) Our charity will work with partners in the Biosecurity for Scotland’s Seabird Islands project to store biosecurity equipment in three shared ‘hubs’, strategically placed around Scotland (in Edinburgh, Stornoway, and Shetland). The Trust will have access to these hubs containing enough available equipment to undertake eradication responses on all our islands. In addition, ‘satellite storage’ of critical incursion response equipment will be put in place on Canna, Barra and St Kilda, where difficult access could prevent rapid delivery from a hub.

24) We will train staff and volunteers so that we have the capability to deploy an effective rapid response to any rat incursion on Trust islands. We will co-ordinate this work with other partner organisations including RSPB Scotland and NatureScot as part of the Biosecurity for Scotland’s Seabird Islands project.

25) The Trust will work with the Biosecurity for Scotland’s Seabird Islands project through outreach, meetings, stakeholder consultations and workshops to bring together a strong

public-private sector partnership, encouraging organisations, communities, and government to commit to maintaining biosecurity measures in place permanently. This will include adequate funding and resources to deploy eradications of invasive mammalian predators on any seabird island SPA or SSSI in Scotland requiring it.

26) Our charity will campaign for the closure of sandeel fisheries in Scottish seas, to protect this keystone species of the marine ecosystem, on which several seabirds depend, including Puffin and Razorbill. We will also campaign for a modern inshore limit, closing inshore waters to industrial fishing methods to help fish stocks to recover and improve the foraging habitat for species including shag. We will also campaign for offshore windfarms to be located in the least damaging sites for important seabird colonies.

27) The Trust will identify a set of high priority research questions for the seabird populations at each of our seabird colonies. These will be reviewed annually. The research questions will aim to allow our seabird colonies to meet their true potential, identifying practical measures which can be taken to fulfil these. They will also support our policy, advocacy and casework, to protect our seabirds while they are at sea. We will encourage and support external researchers at our places, particularly where their research aligns with our priority research areas. We aim to support three external high quality seabird research projects at our sites per year.

28) We will be bold in attempting impactful and challenging seabird conservation actions. For example, we will assess the feasibility and options for re-establishing Manx Shearwaters as a breeding species on Canna and attempt one or more of these options.

29) The Trust will continue our portfolio of seabird monitoring projects, many of which are long-term datasets and have a unique and irreplaceable value in understanding how climate change, fisheries and offshore windfarms impact seabird populations. Where additional value can be added, we will grow our seabird monitoring portfolio, including methodology innovations, increasing our ability to monitor the health of our seabird colonies.

30) The Trust will speak up for seabirds publicly and increase the visibility of the work we do in relation to seabirds. We will delight and inspire wider society with seabird stories from our places and also clearly and accurately communicate the threats. We will communicate regularly with members, decision makers, NTS staff and wider society. Conserving seabirds and sharing them with others will become something NTS is widely known for.

31) We will engage with communities living alongside our seabird sites to gather their collective views, celebrate and develop the benefits of the nature they live with. We will visit communities with our ‘marine roadshow’ to pilot this approach.

32) We will provide opportunities for people to connect with nature at our seabird sites and encourage a shared sense of custodianship of seabirds and marine wildlife. We will balance this with careful consideration of the impacts visitors have on our sites and manage any pressures that arise. We will identify all significant disturbance issues and have measures in place to mitigate these at all our seabird colonies.

Native woodland

33) The Trust will develop forest plans based on ecological principles in order to:

a) Develop considered management practices for non-native trees. (Including control and removal but considering ecologically and/or culturally important non-native trees).

b) Convert all non-native plantations (excluding arboreta) to native woodland at the first opportunity in the standard forestry cycle, which is often 40 years after planting, in the case of productive conifers.

c) Restore all Plantations on Ancient Woodland Sites (PAWS). Generally, PAWS will be restored slowly to protect their ecological characteristics. (The above three cases exclude designed landscapes, in situations where applying these principles would not be appropriate for cultural heritage reasons).

34) The Trust will expand current, and initiate new, landscape scale native woodland expansion and restoration projects in strategic locations for nature. We will aim to work with partners, where possible. This includes the following landscapes:

• Arran, Scotland’s rainforest

• Balmacara, Scotland’s rainforest (including upland oakwood)

• Ben Lawers, upland birchwood

• Ben Lomond, Scotland’s rainforest (including upland oakwood)

• Canna, Scotland’s rainforest (including hazelwood)

• Glencoe, Scotland’s rainforest (including upland birchwood)

• Mar Lodge, native pinewood

• Torridon, Scotland’s rainforest (including native pinewood and upland birchwood)

• West Affric and Kintail, Scotland’s rainforest (including native pinewood and upland birchwood)

Ancient, veteran and notable trees

35) The Trust will map all ancient, veteran, and notable trees on our properties and survey their condition, threats, and management needs.

36) Any ancient, veteran, or notable trees at risk will have remedial action in place to ensure their future condition. Encroaching trees will be halo-thinned and damaging management such as ploughing will be stopped or ameliorated.

37) All standing deadwood associated with ancient, veteran, and notable trees will be left if safe to do so, all fallen deadwood or limbs pruned for safety reasons, where within our

control, i.e., tenure, will be left where they fell or close by, except if there is an imperative to move it for safety, access, or landscape management.

38) The Trust will, wherever possible, regenerate or plant, and protect from grazing, a new cohort of ‘future ancient’ trees to provide continuity of deadwood and ancient trees centuries hence. Each existing ancient, veteran, or notable tree on the Trust estate will have an identified successor establishing nearby.

Wood pasture

39) The Trust will investigate reinstating conservation grazing to all of our wood pastures and parklands that were previously grazed, and introduce conservation grazing where it is feasible.

40) We will aim to double the area of wood pasture on our estate, prioritising expansion of long-established wood pasture sites.

Wildflower grasslands

41) The Trust will develop an enhanced crofter engagement and support programme covering all crofted properties with significant machair and unimproved grasslands, including Iona, Balmacara, Sanday and Canna. We will have contacted all crofters, and if they wish, will have discussed mutually-beneficial management. Technical and practical support plus incentives will be within the scope of the scheme.

Mountain willow scrub at Ben Lawers, Perthshire

DAVID MARDON

42) The Trust will directly manage land, including in partnership, and strengthen tenure where tactical to do so to deliver conservation objectives on an ongoing basis, selecting the most effective and assured way to deliver our wildflower grassland nature conservation objectives – for example, on Iona, Burg, Canna, and at Threave. This also enables the Trust to provide practical assistance, engagement and support for crofting communities and tenants, working alongside them.

43) The Trust will work on an ongoing basis to restore landscape scale wildflower grassland habitat networks at Balmacara, Brodick Country Park and Threave, and to work in partnership at Kittochside with the National Museum of Rural Life to conserve and restore wildflower grasslands.

44) Our charity will experiment with conservation grazing of upland haymeadow and waxcap grassland at Mar Lodge and waxcap grassland at Glencoe, aiming to find solutions which maintain these important habitats in wider landscapes where grazing is reducing for ecological restoration.

45) We will maintain conservation management on the waxcap lawn at Haddo House and review management in relation to waxcaps at Hill of Tarvit. We will also survey lawns that are likely to host important assemblages of grassland fungi.

46) We will review mowing operations for the purpose of reducing carbon emissions and allowing nature to flourish. This review will be led by the gardens community and balance

our gardens, designed landscapes, heritage, nature, access, and enjoyment objectives. Where mowing is relaxed, and where on balance it isn’t detrimental, considering our overall aims, we will manage grassland to increase the abundance of Scottish native wildflowers and grasses. Where possible, natural colonisation will be preferred and where seeds are used for nature objectives, we will use locally collected seed.

SPECIES ACTIONS

47) There are eight Trust priority mountain plant species – Alpine Fleabane, Alpine Gentian, Drooping Saxifrage, Highland Saxifrage, Mountain Sandwort, Small Cow-wheat, Snow Pearlwort and Tufted Saxifrage

Climate change is influencing these species, but our evidence also shows that there are effective measures we can take to conserve them. The Trust will undertake detailed monitoring and research to track what is happening. We will undertake onsite management and trials such as restricting or controlling grazing, controlled ground disturbance or temporary winter covers to emulate the impact of snow cover on the vegetation. Ex-situ (offsite) collections will help preserve the genetics of these species for the long term, in the event the climate becomes unsuitable. Reintroductions and supplementary plantings will be suitable for populations which have become too small to be genetically viable by chance, but which still have an available climate envelope. Our existing partnerships with academia, including Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) & Stirling University will be important to develop our work here.

Children learn about nature at the Threave landscape ecological restoration project, Dumfries and Galloway

MIKE BOLAM

48) We will continue our portfolio of mountain plant monitoring projects, covering a wider range of species, many of which are now long term datasets and have a unique and irreplaceable value in understanding how climate change and herbivore impacts affect mountain plant populations and vegetation communities.

Particular focus will be on the rarest species, which currently have stable populations at Trust places, but would be in trouble quickly if they did begin to decline e.g., Hare’s Foot Sedge, Alpine Forget-me-not, Scorched Alpine Sedge, Bristle Sedge, Curved Wood-rush, Wavy Meadow-grass and Mountain Bog-sedge. For these we will consider moving to a sample-based approach to detect potential declines.

We will also consider the scientific value of the data, before making changes to our mountain plant monitoring, particularly those which have a long time series. Our mountain plant monitoring work at Ben Lawers is unique in many respects. We will also continue to monitor regionally rare plants, with small vulnerable populations where we have a history of doing so on individual sites, for example Black Alpine-sedge at Grey Mare’s Tail.

49) Red-necked Phalarope

The Trust will undertake pool excavation and grazing, aiming to maintain and ideally expanding our circa 8+ breeding pairs (>10% of the UK breeding population).

50) Hen Harrier

Threatened by land management change and illegal persecution, which is often apparently related to intensive grouse moor management. The Scottish breeding population has declined by 27% between 2002 and 2016. The species requires open landscapes with areas of long vegetation to nest. The Trust is responsible for approximately 2.5% of the Scottish breeding population, with notable populations at Mar Lodge and Goatfell. Hen Harriers returned to breed at Mar Lodge in 2016, and subsequently the estate has become a nationally important breeding site.

We will create suitable nesting habitat for Hen Harriers at all our upland properties, i.e. tall heathland vegetation with low browsing impacts. We will monitor and protect all nesting harriers on Trust properties. We will champion Hen Harriers as an indicator species of healthy

WhortleLeaved Willow, one of the scarce species forming mountain willow scrub habitat

moorlands and good moorland management and continue to advocate for sustainable moorland management. We will highlight Mar Lodge as an example of a landscape where hen harriers can thrive alongside sustainable sporting management and ecological restoration.

51) Corncrake

The Trust will work with crofters and farmers and manage land directly to increase the corncrake population to 50 calling males (6% of the UK population) on Trust land.

52) Greenland White-fronted Goose

Around 2% of the world population and 4% of the UK population winter at Loch Ken & River Dee Marshes Special Protection Area, which overlaps the Trust’s Threave Estate. The Trust will maintain Kelton Mains and Lodge Island as important wintering areas, by managing sward conditions and disturbance in these areas on an ongoing basis. We will engage with our neighbours and tenants, aiming to work together to provide suitable roosting and feeding sites over a wider area and facilitate research to understand more about roosting and feeding requirements.

53) Slender Scotch Burnet

We will maintain all existing sub populations at the Burg, thought to be the largest site of this UK endemic sub species, by ensuring the sward remains in optimal condition and bracken does not invade at its breeding sites.

54) Endemic whitebeams: Arran Whitebeam, Cut-leaved Whitebeam and Catacol Whitebeam

These species arose in the north-western glens of Arran, a few kilometres away from the Trust’s Goatfell property and we have planted Arran Whitebeam and Cut-leaved Whitebeam in the Glen Rosa rainforest restoration project, from stock grown by members of the local community and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Catacol Whitebeam was discovered more recently and there are only two or three trees in the wild, making it one of the rarest trees in the world. The Trust will continue to expand the populations of Arran Whitebeam, Cut-leaved Whitebeam and, if possible, Catacol Whitebeam at Goatfell and Brodick, as well as supporting research which may prove useful for the conservation of these species.

Intrepid volunteers manage habitat for Slender Scotch Burnet, a beautiful day flying moth found only on Mull

Fruiting Cut-leaved Whitebeam, a Trust Priority Species found only on Arran

BRIAN W MATTHEWS NATIONAL TRUST FOR SCOTLAND

55) Narrow-headed Ant

Found at only six sites in the UK, one of which is the Trust’s Mar Lodge estate. We have been working with the Cairngorms National Park Authority and James Hutton Institute attempting to translocate ants’ nests into suitable habitat at the forest edge, as tree regeneration can make existing sites unsuitable. So far, this work has not been successful in Scotland, but similar work has been effective in Devon. We will continue this work, aiming to achieve the first successful nest translocation in Scotland. We will also manage the existing sites to provide suitable conditions to maintain these colonies.

56) Willow Tit

The most rapidly declining resident bird species in the UK, within Scotland the Willow Tit is now restricted to small areas of Dumfries & Galloway. It nests in rotting small-medium diameter trunks of willow, birch or hawthorn, which can be absent in many native woodlands. It is also very sedentary, not readily dispersing to new pockets of habitats. The Trust will manage the woodlands at Threave to ensure a continuation of suitable scrub/thicket stage woodland habitat is present, and create suitable nest sites on an ongoing basis. We will establish the size of the breeding population at Threave to allow further assessments and target setting.

57) A Click Beetle (Ampedus tristis)

Has only been recorded in five sites, one of the more recent records is near the Linn of Dee at Mar Lodge. Its larvae burrow into the trunks of large, Old Scots Pine trees and feed on dead wood near the surface of fallen logs and stumps. The Trust will establish whether the species is still present and if so, conduct management trials to provide new deadwood of the correct diameter in well-lit glades, as a trial aiming to develop an effective conservation measure for the species.

58) Northern Damselfly

Occurs in the Flight Pond at Castle Fraser and a small number of ponds and lochs in Speyside, Aberdeenshire and Perthshire. At Castle Fraser, it is threatened by the introduction of Goldfish. The Damselfly is sensitive to fish predation in its aquatic nymph stage. The Trust will aim to remove Goldfish from the flight pond and create a surrounding landscape of suitable ponds to provide a secure metapopulation of the species.

59) Rugged Stonewort

Occurs at Brodie Pond in Moray and about 24 other lochs in the UK. At Brodie it has declined in abundance dramatically in the last 15 years because of nutrient enrichment, apparently from agricultural pollution. We will aim to avert the local extinction of the species by working with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and the agricultural community to identify and manage the source of pollution. As mitigation we will upgrade and manage water control structures at Brodie to divert future pollution events as best we can.

60) Vendace

A northern fish species requiring deep, cold, well-oxygenated lochs, it is the rarest freshwater fish in Britain with only one natural population remaining in Derwent Water. In the mid-1990s Vendace were translocated to two lochs in the south of Scotland, including Loch Skeen at the Trust’s Grey Mare’s Tail. The Trust will engage with research into this species and consider whether translocation to lochs further north in Scotland may be appropriate. If determined

Montane willow scrub and tall herb vegetation are rare mountain habitats better represented at Ben Lawers, Perthshire, than anywhere else in the UK

appropriate, the Trust will initiate a partnership to conserve and translocate Vendace to suitable lochs further north to help build resilience to climate change.

61) European Storm Petrel

The Trust looks after one of the UK’s three largest Storm Petrel colonies on the Treshnish Isles, which hold around 24% of the UK’s Storm Petrels, and several other important colonies. We will carry out a census of Storm Petrel colonies at our places on a regular cycle, at least once every eight years and more frequently where populations are found to be declining. We will also seek to understand the foraging distribution of Storm Petrels around our places.

62) Fulmar

Our charity looks after the most iconic Fulmar colony in the UK, St Kilda, which at one time was the only colony in the UK and from which all other UK colonies originated. Along with several other important colonies, we look after 20% of the UK’s breeding population. Large numbers of Fulmars are thought to be killed accidentally by long-line fishing and many of these breed on NTS sites. We will raise awareness of this issue and campaign to reduce Fulmar bycatch. We will seek to understand the foraging distribution of Fulmars in relation to the bycatch risk and promote better marine stewardship across the seas visited by our Fulmars. We will carry out a census of our Fulmars on a regular cycle, repeating at least once every eight years and more frequently where populations are found to be declining.

63) Leach’s Petrel

St Kilda holds the majority of breeding Leach’s Storm Petrels in the UK, where the island of Dùn currently has more than 10,000 pairs. However, the population here appears to be in steep decline and the reasons are currently unknown. Leach’s Petrel is also declining internationally and is listed as vulnerable to global extinction by the IUCN. While there may be factors off St Kilda affecting their population, we must also consider if pressures are affecting the breeding colony on Dùn. The St Kilda Mouse is now present on Dùn and may not have been prior to the first known observation there in 2005. We will investigate what, if any, impact this is having on

the population. We will also engage with tracking Leach’s Petrels to identify key areas for their conservation at sea. We will review our existing nest box scheme for Leach’s Petrels and look to increase the impact of the boxes on our ability to conserve this species on St Kilda.

64) Puffin

Our seabird colonies host some of the largest and most accessible Puffin colonies in the UK. Colonies such as Fair Isle are in steep decline, whereas others, such as Lunga, are increasing, and it is not known why. Information on Puffin diet will likely tell us why, but it is currently lacking. We will run a citizen science project ‘Seabirds, Camera, Action!’ to gather Puffin diet data with the help of volunteers. We will also speak publicly about the link between Puffin declines and climate change. We will seek to understand the foraging distribution of Puffins around our places. We will gather census data for Puffins at least once every eight years, more frequently for declining colonies, and work to improve methods to monitor this species.

The scarce Northern Damselfly, a Trust Priority Species found at Castle Fraser, Aberdeenshire

65) Razorbill

At Mingulay and Berneray, the Trust looks after one of the largest concentrations of Razorbills in the UK and together with our other colonies, we care for more than 20% of the British population. Recent census work shows this species is declining at our places, and a shortage of food may be the main reason. We will run a citizen science project ‘Seabirds, Camera, Action!’ to gather Razorbill diet data with the help of volunteers. We will also speak publicly about the link between Razorbill declines and climate change. We will seek to understand the foraging distribution of Razorbills around our places. We will carry out a census of the Razorbills on a regular cycle at least once every eight years, and more frequently where populations are found to be declining.

66) Great Skua

Great Skuas are among the seabirds hardest hit by avian flu. Already a globally scarce species, declines in their international stronghold in the Northern Isles have been up to 90%, and Fair Isle has been badly affected. We will monitor the number of Skuas holding territories on our places every two years. We will explore whether increasing the number of colour-ringed individuals will allow us to better monitor adult survival. We will also engage in national efforts to support their population recovery.

67) Survey and research priority species

We will engage with expert societies for underrecorded groups, such as fungi, sawflies and flies, to facilitate survey of our sites, particularly where there is potential for the discovery of new species to science or the UK.

68) Species dossiers will be developed for all survey and research priority species (listed in appendix 1). These will describe their ecology and distribution in general and at Trust places. We will survey them in detail and attempt to understand more about their needs. Species which are

more common than initially understood will be removed from the list and newly discovered rarities added. We will engage with partners from academia and other interest groups to develop management trials where opportunities arise.

INVASIVE, NON-NATIVE SPECIES ACTIONS (INNS)

69) The Trust will remove the six most troublesome non-native invasive plants from our estate: Rhododendron Ponticum, Japanese Knotweed, Giant Hogweed, Salmonberry, Skunk Cabbages and New Zealand Broadleaf. We will also liaise with neighbours to promote control and coordinate this work. We will gradually remove non-native invasive shrubs where they are protecting gardens from coastal spray.

70) A risk-based monitoring programme will be in place for the above six INNS, to identify recolonisation events, and undertake follow up control, before the problem increases significantly.

71) We will review new, emerging INNS threats. The focus will remain on directing resources towards a short list of high priority species, in order that progress can be made against those which are most invasive and have the highest ecological impact.

LANDSCAPES, ACCESS & EDUCATION

72) Landscape

The Trust has been convening the Scottish Landscape Alliance (SLA), a partnership of over 60 organisations and individuals, since its formation in 2019. The Alliance is aiming to raise awareness of the importance of Scotland’s landscapes to climate resilience and biodiversity, economic performance and public health and wellbeing. The Alliance’s aims are to:

• Increase understanding and awareness among politicians and the public of the value of, and challenges facing, Scotland’s landscape.

• Ensure Scotland’s leadership and commitment to international best practice is upheld, safeguarding the importance of landscape for the quality of life and quality of place for all of Scotland’s people.

• Promote an updated regulatory and policy framework at national level and across

Alpine Fleabane, an attractive and rare mountain flower, one of our Trust

MARDON

every area of public policy that is joined-up in its approach to ensure landscape delivers multi-functional benefits to people and the environment.

• Promote better resourcing and training to support design within land use planning and to ensure the proper design, management and maintenance of landscape, including urban parks and greenspace.

• Ensure communities have a say and greater role in landscape and how land is managed and used.

The Scottish Landscape Alliance, in conjunction with NatureScot, will undertake a review of Scotland’s Landscape Charter, which will ultimately inform public policy on landscape issues in Scotland. This will reflect significant changes in the Scottish Government’s policy environment since 2010 (since the last charter was published), highlight Scotland’s international commitment to the European Landscape Convention, and demonstrate commitment to managing the significant landscape change needed to address the climate and nature emergencies.

73) Nature-based outdoor learning

Our Formal Learning Strategy has the ambition that every primary school in Scotland will be engaging with the Trust on an annual basis. Much of this engagement will be learning in or about nature. Delivery of activities will be led by rangers, gardeners, visitor services teams and volunteers, supported by the central learning team. We will strengthen

our relationships and communication with the education sector and key partners in relation to our nature-based learning opportunities. New activities and resources will be developed which focus on Scotland’s nature, including trust priority habitats and species.

Evaluation will be embedded in our education activities, to assess its impact and outcomes.

74) Nature-based participation

Framed around accessibility and wellbeing, we aim to improve access to nature, with a focus on outdoor spaces. We will build a suite of wellbeing initiatives for our three key audiences – you, family, community – that are underpinned by the 5 Ways to Wellbeing. Working with local communities, tailored naturebased conservation activity and volunteering will be delivered by property staff and volunteers which focus on Scotland’s nature, including trust priority habitats and species. Evaluation will allow us to track the impact of engaging with nature on participants and communities.

75) Gateways to Nature

All Trust properties offer opportunities for people to access, explore and engage with nature. Footpaths, car parks, transport connections, facilities and the provision of information are all important enabling infrastructure for people to enjoy nature. Further services such as rangers, interpretive displays and landscape interventions deepen engagement, facilitate learning and inspire appreciation of nature. We are committed

The basalt cliffs of Staffa, an NTS island within the Loch na Keal, Isle of Mull National Scenic Area

The suspension bridge at Corrieshalloch

Gorge National Nature Reserve, an important ‘gateway to nature’ on the North Coast 500 route

to growing and diversifying visitors to our natural places, enabling everyone to appreciate and benefit from nature.

We will continue to develop our programme of Gateways to Nature to achieve this vision. We have recently opened a new visitor centre at Corrieshalloch and are currently developing significant access infrastructure projects at Staffa and Glencoe, all of which are National Nature Reserves. We will make proposals for appropriate developments at other key locations such as the Linn of Dee (Mar Lodge), Torridon, the Hermitage, St Abb’s Head and Old Wood of Drum so that all visitors to these places will have the opportunity to access, enjoy and learn about nature.

76) Pathways to nature

Our charity manages a unique network of over 400km of upland footpaths, providing unparalleled access to deep wilderness experiences in some of the most remote and beautiful mountainous landscapes in Scotland. These paths range from the relatively easily-accessible

and high-footfall Ben Lomond path, to the exhilarating ridge traverses of Torridon.

In the lowlands, we manage a more accessible network of paths allowing a large number of visitors to experience important heritage sites (such as Culloden), or to cross impressive gorges such as Dollar Glen and Corrieshalloch with ease, where they would otherwise not be accessible.

We will maintain this network in safe condition for users, and to avoid erosion damage to landscapes and habitats.

Over several years the Trust has developed a system caring for our upland footpaths, through audit, restoration and maintenance.

We will have populated our GIS database with the condition status of all our upland and lowland path network. We will aim to fully audit the condition of our upland and lowland path networks every five years and produce annual work plans, maintaining and repairing our path network.

We will evaluate the possibility of running a path apprenticeship scheme to support practical path work skills.

APPENDIX 1:

SURVEY AND RESEARCH PRIORITY SPECIES

Broad Habitat

Upland Habitats

Common Name

Scientific Name Group

A Fungus Acaulospora alpina Fungi

A Fungus Acaulospora brasiliensis Fungi

Arched Waxcap Chromosera citrinopallida Fungi

Lilac Waxcap Chromosera lilacina Fungi

Alpine Waxcap Chromosera xanthocroa Fungi

Mountain Webcap Cortinarius alpinus Fungi

Pippy Pinkgill Entoloma vinaceum var vinaceum Fungi

A Fungus Inocybe monochroa Fungi

Northern Navel Omphaliaster borealis Fungi

A Lichen Biatora subduplex Lichens

A Lichen Biatorella hemisphaerica Lichens

A Lichen Bryonora curvescens Lichens

A Lichen Caloplaca cinnamonea Lichens

A Lichen Caloplaca nivalis Lichens

A Lichen Carbonicola anthracophila Lichens

A Lichen Catapyreneum daedaelum Lichens

A Lichen Catillaria gilbertii Lichens

A Lichen Cladonia deformis Lichens

A Lichen Cladonia trassii Lichens

A Lichen Decampia hookeri Lichens

A Lichen Dermatocarpon rivularum Lichens

A Lichen Euopis granatina Lichens

A Lichen Gyalecta foveolaris Lichens

Habitat

Upland Habitats

A Lichen Halecania alpivaga Lichens

A Lichen Halecania bryophila Lichens

A Lichen Halecania micacea Lichens

A Lichen Halecania rhypodiza Lichens

A Lichen Japewia tornoensis Lichens

A Lichen Lecanora atromarginata Lichens

A Lichen Lecanora frustulosa Lichens

A Lichen Lecidea subhumida Lichens

A Lichen Lopodium coralloideum Lichens

A Lichen Micaria vulpinaris Lichens

A Lichen Mycobilimbia carneoalbida Lichens

A Lichen Mycobilimbia tetramera Lichens

A Lichen Pertusaria glomerata Lichens

A Lichen Polyblastia sendtneri Lichens

A Lichen Porpidia pacythallina Lichens

A Lichen Psora globifera Lichens

A Lichen Psora rubiformis Lichens

A Lichen Rostania ceranisca Lichens

A Lichen Schadonia fecunda Lichens

A Lichen Scytinium imbricatum Lichens

A Lichen Stereocaulon spathuliferum Lichens

A Lichen Tetramelas insignis Lichens

A Lichen Thalloidima rosulatum Lichens

A Lichen Toniniopsis coelestina Lichens

APPENDIX 1: SURVEY AND RESEARCH PRIORITY SPECIES (continued)

Broad Habitat Common Name

Upland Habitats

Name Group

A Lichen Trimmatothelopsis rhizobola

A Lichen Vestergrenopsis elaeina

Icy Rock-moss Andreaea frigida

Small-spored Rock-moss Andreaea sinuosa

Dwarf Blindia Blindia caespiticia

Lawers Feather-moss Brachytheciastrum trachypodium

Tendril Feather Moss Brachythecium cirrosum

Arctic Threadmoss Bryum arcticum

Haller's Feather-moss Campylophyllum halleri

A Moss Cratoneuron curvicaule

A Moss Ctenidium procerrimium

Pointed Frostwort Gymnomitrion apiculatum

Soft Brookmoss Hygrohypnum molle

Revolute Plait-moss Hypnum revolutum

Vaucher's Plait-moss Hypnum vaucheri

Arctic Flapwort Jungermannia polaris

Rock Feathermoss Lescuraea saxicola

Arctic Rustwort Marsupella arctica

Boeck's Rustwort Marsupella boeckii

Rounded Rustwort Marsupella sparsifolia

Ambiguous Thyme-moss Mnium lycopodioides

Dwarf Mousetail Moss Myurella tenerrima

Alpine Hump-moss Plagiobryum demissum

Lichens

Lichens

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Broad Habitat

Upland Habitats

Common Name Scientific Name Group

Hair Silk-moss Plagiothecium piliferum

Blunt-leaved Thread-moss Pohlia obtusifolia

Turgid Scorpion Moss

Mosses & Liverworts

Mosses & Liverworts

Pseudocalliergon turgescens Mosses & Liverworts

Brown Mountain Leskea Pseudoleskea incurvata Mosses & Liverworts

A Moss Racomitrium himalayanum Mosses & Liverworts

Dupret's Grimmia Schistidium dupretii Mosses & Liverworts

Reflexed Feather-moss Sciuro-hypnum starkei Mosses & Liverworts

Norway Screw Moss Syntrichia norvegica Mosses & Liverworts

Tongueleaved Gland Moss Tayloria lingulata Mosses & Liverworts

Ben Lawers Lady’s-mantle Alchemilla neomanifesta Vascular plants

Issler's Clubmoss Diphasiastrum x issleri Vascular plants

Iceland Purslane Koenegia islandica Vascular plants

An Eriophyid Mite Aceria rhodiolae Invertebrates

An Anthomyiid Fly Alliopsis albipennis Invertebrates

An Anthomyiid Fly Botanophila apiciseta Invertebrates

Bistort Blacklet Cheilosia sahlbergi Invertebrates

A Cranefly Dicranomyia stylifera Invertebrates

A Sawfly Empria alpina Invertebrates

A Sawfly Empria basilis Invertebrates

A Sawfly Euura aquilonis Invertebrates

A Sawfly Euura arbusculae Invertebrates

A Sawfly Euura mcluckiae Invertebrates

A Sawfly Euura mimator Invertebrates

Broad Habitat

Upland Habitats

Common Name

Scientific Name Group

A Sawfly Euura plicalaponnum

A Sawfly Euura plicaphylicifolia

Lost Ermine Kessleria fasciapenella

A Micro-moth Kessleria saxifragae

A Money Spider Mecynargus paetulus

A Rove Beetle Othius lapidicola

An Agromyzid Fly Phytomyza rhodiolae

A Sawfly Pristiphora thalictri

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

An Empididae fly Rhamphomyia hirtula Invertebrates

A Heliomyzid Fly Scoliocentra scutellaris

Invertebrates

A Muscid Fly Spilogona alpica Invertebrates

A Muscid Fly Spilogona triangulifera

Mountain Plume Stenoptilia islandicus

Mountain Avens Pigmy Stigmella dryadella

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

A Cranefly Tipula invenusta Invertebrates

Dottrel Charardrius morinellus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

Wildflower Grassland & Sea Braes

Birds

Birds

Marsh Honey Fungus Armillaria ectypa Fungi

Moss Club Multiclavula vernalis Fungi

Powder Cap Strangler Squamanita paradoxa Fungi

Strathy Strangler Squamanita pearsonii Fungi

Chubby Grimmia Schistidium flaccidum Mosses & Liverworts

Broad Habitat

Native Woodland & Trees

Common Name Scientific Name Group

Black False Bolete Boletopsis watlingii Fungi

A Boletus Fungi Boletus subappendiculatus Fungi

Orange Chantrelle Cantharellus freisii Fungi

Crescent Crust Chaetodermella luna Fungi

Blushing Webcap Cortinarius cyanites Fungi

Pine Jelly Spot Dacrymyces ovisporus Fungi

Branched Shanklet Dendrocollybia racemosa Fungi

Salmon Bracket Erastia salmonicolor Fungi

Pikeman Hastodontia hastata Fungi

Orange Tooth Hydnellum aurantiacum Fungi

Greenfoot Tooth Hydnellum scabrosum Fungi

A Fungus Kneiffiella cineracea Fungi

Violet Milkcap Lactarius violescens Fungi

Pelargonium Bonnet Mycena septentrionalis Fungi

Olive Edge Bonnet Mycena viridmarginata Fungi

Pine Toothling Odonticium romellii Fungi

Veined Ear Otidia phlebophora Fungi

Grey Tooth Phellodon mellalucus Fungi

Black Tooth Phellodon niger Fungi

A Fungus Phlebia cretacea Fungi

A Fungus Phlebia defissa Fungi

A Fungus Phlebia subcretacea Fungi

A Fungus Phlebiella subflavidogrisea Fungi

A Fungus Postia hibernica Fungi

APPENDIX 1: SURVEY AND RESEARCH PRIORITY SPECIES (continued)

Broad Habitat

Native Woodland & Trees

Common Name Scientific Name Group

Ebony Cup Pseudoplectania nigrella Fungi

Naked Brittlegill Russula vinosobrunnea Fungi

Veined Mossear Rimbachia bryophila Fungi

A Fungus Sistotrema pistilliferum Fungi

Roothole Rosette Stereopsis vitellina Fungi

Scented Knight Tricholoma apium Fungi

A Fungus Tubulicrinis effugiens Fungi

A Fungus Tubulicrinis propinquus Fungi

A Lichen Chaenotheca laevigata Lichens

A Fungus Gnat Allodia czernyi Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Boletina populina Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Boletina sylvatica Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Cordyla insons Invertebrates

A Fly Creagdhubhia mallochorum Invertebrates

A Pallopterid Fly Eurygnathomyia bicolor Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Ectrepesthomeura pubescens Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Macrocera zetterstedti Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Mycomya fuscata Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Mycomya nigricornis Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Mycomya permixta Invertebrates

A Muscid Fly Mydaea obscurella Invertebrates

A Hybotid Fly Oedalea ringdhali Invertebrates

A Saproxylic Beetle Ostoma ferrugineum Invertebrates

Broad Habitat Common Name Scientific Name Group

Native Woodland & Trees

A Spider Philodromus emarginatus Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Phronia caliginosa Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Rymosia acta Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Rymosia speyae Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Sceptonia regni Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Sciophila limbatella Invertebrates

A Beetle Sphaerites glabratus Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Tarnania dziedzickii Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Trichonta flavicauda Invertebrates

A Fungus Gnat Urytalpa macrocera Invertebrates

Lochs & Rivers

A Fly Ernoneura argus Invertebrates

A Fly Heleodroma irwini Invertebrates

A Fly Wiedemannia simplex Invertebrates

A Beetle Negastrius pulchellus Invertebrates

Islands

A Lichen Caloplaca caesiorufella Lichens

A Lichen Cryptothele rhodosticta Lichens

A Lichen Gyalideopsis cyanophila Lichens

A Lichen Lecania granulata Lichens

A Lichen Porpidia islandica Lichens

Turps Pouchwort Geocalyx graveolens Mosses & Liverworts

St Kilda Weevil Ceutorhynchus insularis Weevils

APPENDIX 2:

NATURE, BEAUTY & HERITAGE FOR EVERYONE 2022 TO 2032

The objectives within the National Trust for Scotland’s ten year strategy, Nature, Beauty & Heritage for Everyone and their interactions with the NTS Plan for Nature actions are presented below. The reference numbers of those Plan for Nature actions which either deliver, contribute towards or are otherwise relevant to the Nature, Beauty & Heritage for Everyone actions are listed for each.

1) Our core conservation objectives:

i) Have enriched Scotland’s protected heritage and nature to make it relevant to more people, either directly through ownership, or working in partnership with communities and others. Plan for Nature actions – 1-7, 9-12, 14-16, 18-28, 30-45, 47-57, 60-66, 68-70.

ii) Have enabled nature to flourish across our countryside, gardens, farmed and designed landscapes, taking the opportunity to aid its recovery in places where climate change and past practices have diminished it. Plan for Nature actions – 1-30, 32-71.

iii) Be speaking up for heritage and nature, which doesn’t have a voice, doing whatever we can to promote its benefits and protect the places in our care and other landscapes, habitats, marine environment and historic places which are important to Scotland. Plan for Nature actions – 4, 6, 12, 18, 20, 21, 23, 25-27, 29-45, 47, 48, 50-52, 59-62, 64, 65, 67-75.

2) Engagement:

i) Be a leading provider of inspiring heritage and nature visitor experiences in Scotland to more than six million people per year by 2032. Plan for Nature actions – 12, 20, 21, 26, 30-36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 46, 50-52, 54, 58, 59, 73-76.

ii) Be a learning organisation by championing skills to support traditional skills and innovation and deliver an enhanced programme of research and informal and formal learning, mixing traditional and digital means to ensure that everyone can have access. Plan for Nature actions – 3-8, 13, 16-21, 24, 26- 45, 47, 48, 50-57, 60-76.

iii) Enable a greater number and diversity of people and communities to access our properties to improve their health and wellbeing. Plan for Nature actions – 32, 33, 35, 37, 40, 43, 46, 52, 58, 59, 73-76.

3) Sustainability:

i) Be a growing diverse organisation, with over half a million members, six million annual visitors and a workforce that’s representative of modern Scotland. Plan for Nature actions – 30, 32, 42, 75, 76.

ii) Be financially secure, balancing our income with over £100m of capital investment over the lifetime of our strategy, maintaining enough reserves to ensure our long-term resilience. Plan for Nature actions – 4, 13-15, 23, 25, 30, 32, 43, 44, 75, 76.

iii) Have transformed our organisation to be carbon negative by 2031 and work towards a more sustainable visitor economy. Plan for Nature actions – 1-4, 7, 9-15, 33-38, 40, 42, 46, 54, 75, 76.

iv) Have invested in our own people, the volunteers and staff who care for our properties and equipped them with the systems and capabilities they need. Plan for Nature actions – 4, 6-8, 13, 21, 23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 41-44, 47, 50, 63, 64, 66-68, 73-76.

APPENDIX 3: SCOTTISH BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY, PRIORITY ACTIONS FOR 2030

The priority actions within the Scottish Biodiversity Strategy (SBS) and their interactions with the NTS Plan for Nature actions are presented below. Only those SBS actions which directly interact with NTS Plan for Nature actions are listed. The reference numbers of those Plan for Nature actions which either contribute towards or are otherwise relevant to SBS actions are listed for each.

1) Accelerate restoration and regeneration

i) Introduce a programme of ecosystem restoration. Plan for Nature actions – 1, 3- 20, 25, 33- 46, 54, 69, 70 & 71.

ii) Continue to drive down and deliver substantially reduced deer densities across our landscapes. Plan for Nature actions – 2, 3, 9,

10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 33, 34, 38, 40, 47, 48, 53 & 54.

iii) Take further action to ensure sustainable management of grazing by sheep is compatible with the reduction in deer impacts, so that ecosystem health as a whole improves. Plan for Nature actions - 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 50 & 53.

iv) Implement Scottish Plan for INNS surveillance, prevention and control, and secure wider support measures to enable effective INNS removal. Plan for Nature actions – 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 58, 66, 69, 70 & 71.

v) Ensure grouse-moor management sustains healthy biodiversity. Plan for Nature actions – 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 50 & 68.

APPENDIX 3: SCOTTISH BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY, PRIORITY ACTIONS FOR 2030 (continued)

vi) Develop a policy and investment framework for restoring Scotland’s Atlantic rainforest. Plan for Nature actions – 1, 2, 3, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 54, 67, 68, 69, 70 & 71.

vii) Improve resilience in coastal and marine systems by reducing key pressures. Plan for Nature actions – 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 61, 62, 63, 65 & 66.

2) Expand and connect protected areas and improve their condition

i) Expand our protected areas to at least 30% of the land and seas. Plan for Nature actions – 26 & 30.

ii) Ensure that every local authority area has a nature network improving ecological connectivity across Scotland. Plan for Nature actions – 1, 12, 17, 18, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 52 & 54.

iii) Increase the number of sites in Scotland’s Marine Protected Area network with specific fisheries management measures and designate at least 10% of Scotland’s seas as Highly Protected Marine Areas. Plan for Nature actions – 26, 27, 30, 31, 61, 62 & 65.

iv) Realise the potential of National Nature Reserves as key assets for increasing ecological connectivity. Plan for Nature actions – 1, 3, 5, 9. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 47, 50, 55, 57, 63, 69, 70 & 71.

3) Nature-friendly farming, fishing, and forestry

i) Ensure increased uptake of high diversity, nature-rich, high soil-carbon, low intensity farming methods while sustaining high quality food production. Plan for Nature actions – 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 51, 52, 53 & 59.

ii) Introduce an agricultural future support framework which delivers for nature restoration and biodiversity, as well as high quality food production. Plan for Nature actions – 4, 6, 7, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 52 & 59.

iii) Shift half of all funding for farming and crofting from unconditional to conditional support by 2025, with targeted outcomes for biodiversity. Plan for Nature actions – 4, 6, 7, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 52 & 59.

iv) Ensure that productive forests and woodlands deliver increased biodiversity and habitat connectivity as well as timber production. Plan for Nature actions – 3, 15, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 50, 55, 56, 57, 69, 70 & 71.

v) Implement further fisheries measures in vulnerable marine ecosystems and Priority Marine Features outside of MPAs. Plan for Nature actions – 26, 27, 30, 31, 61, 62, 64 & 65.

vi) Implement an ecosystem approach to management of sea fisheries, based on the best available scientific advice, and minimising adverse impacts on non-target species and habitats. Plan for Nature actions – 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 61, 62, 64 & 65.

4) Recover and protect vulnerable and important species

i) Continue effective species recovery, reintroduction, and reinforcement programmes. Plan for Nature actions – 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 & 71.

ii) Manage existing and emerging pressures to improve the conservation status of seabirds. Plan for Nature actions – 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 & 66.

iii) Implement measures to protect and recover Scotland’s Wild Atlantic Salmon and migratory fish populations. Plan for Nature actions – 34.

iv) Revise the Scottish Biodiversity List of species and habitats that Scottish ministers consider to be of principal importance for biodiversity conservation in Scotland. Plan for Nature actions –30, 31, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 & 68.

v) Support surveillance and monitoring to support managing risks around pathogens and disease in wild bird populations. Plan for Nature actions – 21, 27, 29, 30, 31, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 & 66.

5) Invest in nature

i) Maintain and seek to increase investment in nature restoration through our £65m Nature Restoration Fund. Plan for Nature actions – 1, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 47, 51, 59, 69, 70 & 71.

ii) Develop a Biodiversity Investment Plan to direct how we address the finance gap for nature. Plan for Nature actions – 4 & 25.

iii) Establish a values-led, high-integrity market for responsible private investment in natural capital, supported by a national project pipeline for nature-based solutions. Plan for Nature actions – 1.

iv) Provide direction on, and investment in, green skills and local economic opportunities supporting nature-based education, skills and volunteering. Plan for Nature actions – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74 & 75.

v) Increase investment in Scotland’s Marine Environmental Enhancement Fund and the benefits delivered to Scotland’s coasts and seas. Plan for Nature actions – 26, 61, 62 & 65.

vi) Continue to develop and enhance the woodland and peatland carbon codes to attract and assist additional investment and develop other codes where appropriate. Plan for Nature actions – 12, 14 & 15.

APPENDIX 4: OUR PARTNERSHIP PRIORITY SPECIES

We have identified 27 partnership priority species, where the Trust is in a tactical position to contribute ‘on the ground’ partnership work at Trust places for these species, where partner organisations are undertaking wider conservation programmes.

Partnership Priority Species

Common Name

Upland Habitats

Alpine Sow-thistle

Black Grouse

Curlew

Mountain Burnet

Mountain Ringlet

Wildflower Grassland & Sea Braes

Scientific Name Group

Cicerbita alpina Flowering plants

Tetrao tetrix Birds

Numenius arquatus Birds

Zygaena exulans Moths

Erebia epiphron Butterflies

Oblong Woodsia Woodsia ilvensis Ferns

Ring Ouzel

Greylag Goose

Lapwing

Native Woodland & Trees Chequered Skipper

Turdus torquatus Birds

Anser anser Birds

Vanellus vanellus Birds

Carterocephalus paleomon Butterflies

Eurasian Beaver Castor fiber Mammals

Leisler’s Bat

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Pied Flycatcher

Twinflower

Lochs & Rivers

Nyctalus leisleri Mammals

Boloria euphrosyne Butterflies

Ficedula hypoleuca Birds

Linnaea borealis Flowering plants

Wildcat Felis silvestris Mammals

Atlantic Salmon

Freshwater Pearl Mussel

Great Crested Newt

Islands Arctic Tern

Black Guillemot

Gannet

Guillemot

Kittiwake

Manx Shearwater

Shag

Salmo salar Fish

Margaritifera margaritifera Molluscs

Triturus cristatus Herptiles

Sterna paradisea Birds

Cepphus grylle Birds

Morus bassanus Birds

Uria aalge Birds

Rissa tridactyla Birds

Puffinus puffinus Birds

Phalacrocorax phalacrocorax Birds