TSE -The Southern Campaign of the American Revolution (Special Issue)

The Southern Campaign of the American Revolution Issue

SOUTH CAROLINA 7 EXPEDITION Honors General Francis Marion

A REVOLUTIONARY ATTRACTION

Camden’s gateway to the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution and the Liberty Trail in South Carolina

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SOUTH CAROLINA NATIONAL HERITAGE CORRIDOR Publisher Profits from The Southern Edge will go back into the preservation, conservation, and environmental educational programs of the South Carolina National Heritage Corridor.

National Heritage Areas are designated by Congress as places where natural, cultural, and historic resources combine to tell nationally significant stories.

SOUTH CAROLINA NATIONAL HERITAGE CORRIDOR

SPECIAL THANKS Suzi Sale, Tourism / Economic Development Director / Camden

SOUTH CAROLINA NATIONAL HERITAGE CORRIDOR BOARD OF DIRECTORS Don Alexander

Bob Alexander

Bobbi Kennedy

Ken Durham

Donna Livingston

Rhoda Green

Neal Workman

Pete Weathers

Zach Lemhouse, Historian/Director of the Southern Revolutionary War Institute Culture & Heritage Museums of York County Paintings are courtesy of artist Thomas K. Pauley and The Culture and Heritage Commission of York County Cover Image: Christian Viera Photography

30 DAYS. ONE EPIC ADVENTURE. EXPLORING 500 MILES OF PALMETTO STATE WILL RAISE ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT AWARENESS

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lobal expedition leader Tom Mullikin will lead the first-ever expedition of its kind across South Carolina in order to showcase the unique natural beauty of the Palmetto State and to raise greater awareness of environmental threats (resulting from disastrous storms, flooding) to the most vulnerable areas of the state.

Billed as the SOUTH CAROLINA SEVEN (SC7), the month-long expedition will begin in the Upstate, July 1, and conclude at the South Carolina Aquarium in Charleston, July 30. Along the way, experts will describe the state’s seven geographic wonders explored and observed along 500 miles of the Palmetto Trail from the mountains to the sea.

The expedition will be both literal (for those physically participating) and virtual (for those in nursing and assistedliving facilities statewide who will be able to participate in real time.) “This will be for everyone,” says Mullikin, who chairs the S.C. Floodwater Commission. “It will also be something of a record-setting expedition, not so much in terms of the time it takes for us to complete it, but in terms of the magnificent destinations across S.C. that we will enjoy along the way.”

An energy-environmental attorney and university professor, Mullikin is a former Army officer and retired commanding general of the S.C. State Guard who has spent much of the last four decades traversing every continent on earth, climbing

mountain ranges of the world’s seven tallest peaks (including reaching the summits of more than 20 mountains across the globe) and logging SCUBA dives in all the world’s oceans.

“A proven world-class expedition leader and S.C. enthusiast, Tom Mullikin is creating quite the buzz with his upcoming July expedition,” says Lt. Gov. Pamela Evette. “I’m really looking forward to following his journey and hope to see you all for one of his fireside chats along the way.”

Experts along the route will lead discussions ranging from conservation, resiliency, adult and childhood fitness, outdoor therapy, floodwater-mitigation issues, and more. The discussions during trailside fireside chats by will be led by key partners in the outdoor and conservation industries.

Expedition partners so far include the S.C. Department of Natural Resources; the S.C. Floodwater Commission; the S.C. Dept. of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism; the Association of the U.S. Army’s Palmetto State Chapter; the South Carolina National Heritage Corridor; Yamaha Rightwaters; the Cape Romain Natural Wildlife Refuge, the Edgar Dyer Institute for Leadership and Public Policy – Coastal Carolina University, and many others.

southcarolina7.com

SOUTH CAROLINA

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HONORS FRANCIS MARION

The SC7 Expedition honors Brig. Gen. Francis Marion, one of South Carolina’s most celebrated military heroes.

Interestingly, much of the terrain being covered in this expedition is the very same ground upon which Marion and his men operated during the American Revolution, which erupted in 1775 and ended in 1783.

Day 21 of the Expedition begins at the Wildlife Management Spur /Eutaw Springs Passage Hike on July 21, 2020.

Eutaw Springs Passage pushes through a varied terrain of grassy pastures and shady dirt roads, past the site of the Revolutionary War Battle of Eutaw Springs. We will follow a spur trail off Fredcon Road which meanders through SanteeCooper Wildlife Management Refuge and takes us through lowlands to the southern edges of Lake Marion. We will then travel to the Belle Isle Plantation Cemetery, the historic sight of the burial ground of Francis Marion where we will have an official wreath laying ceremony at the site of the first commander of the South Carolina State Guard.

WHO WAS MARION? Francis Marion (1732-1795) was a South Carolina militia officer – named among the BIG THREE guerilla leaders including Brigadier Generals Thomas Sumter, “the Gamecock;” and Andrew Pickens, “the fighting elder” – who persistently harassed, threatened, and often defeated numerically superior British Army forces which were operating in the Palmetto State during the British occupation of South Carolina. Marion and his contemporaries did so even after Continental Army forces were driven out of the state following the defeat at Camden. But the lore and legend of Marion surpasses all others. And according to historian Walter Edgar, Marion’s men were “a ragged band of both black and white volunteers.”

Marion was a native South Carolinian, a veteran of the French and Indian War, and a post-Revolution state senator. He was born in Berkeley County where he also died.

WHY IS HE SIGNIFICANT? Among the pantheon of American military greats, perhaps no name rises above that of Marion. An exceptionally gifted and successful guerrilla leader, Marion was dubbed “a damned ol’ fox” by British dragoon commander Banastre Tarleton.

This nom de guerre morphed into “Swamp Fox.” And today Marion is touted among the lineages of the S.C. State Guard (the historic militia), the S.C. Army National Guard, even the S.C. Air National Guard with their “swamp foxes” emblazoned on their F-16s. Everybody else claims him too,

including U.S. Army Special Forces who credit Marion as “the father of irregular warfare.” Streets, town, and town squares have become namesakes of Marion across the U.S. And every schoolboy and schoolgirl has been regaled with stories of Marion confounding the enemy time-and-again, striking from nowhere, then melting away into the misty swamps and thickets where conventional forces – even special cavalry units – were unable to track him.

Revolutionary

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ATTRACTION

ENTERTAINMENT FOR EVERY BODY -

Camden’s gateway to the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution and the Liberty Trail in South Carolina Words by Suzi Sale

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xcitement is building as the city of Camden prepares to open the nation’s first permanent exhibit dedicated to telling the story of the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution and the major role of South Carolina during the war. Masterfully planned and designed for interpretation, The Revolutionary War Visitor Center at Camden is one of the state’s newest regional and national attractions, and is expected to serve as an essential starting point for everyone interested in the Revolutionary War, the Colonial era in this country, and the South Carolina Backcountry.

The $6 million visitor center complex is a collaboration between the City of Camden, Kershaw County, Central Carolina Technical (CCTC) and various state and national agencies. Built on 3.5 acres adjacent to the Historic Camden Revolutionary War Site, the center is comprised of several buildings including a 5,700 sq. ft. Exhibit Hall. Modeled after Camden’s “Old Tavern,” an early tavern built in the Charleston single-house style, its signage read “Entertainment for Every Body - Man and Beast.” Here, the educational and interpretive platforms will include museum quality exhibits and artifacts that will explain Camden and Kershaw County’s ties to the

American Revolution, its Native American and African American heritage, and the important role women played in the war. Original objects, replicas, interactive multimedia exhibits, graphics, photography, and story boards will intrigue, provoke, and spark curiosity to explore and discover areas of interest in the community.

The Visitor Center Complex also includes an 8,700 sq. ft.

Assembly Building which will serve as a facility for group tour gatherings, educational symposia and a variety of other special events. A third building - the 1,300 sq. ft. brick Market Building, is authentically modeled on an old-style, openair market that once stood across from the historic Robert Mills Courthouse on Broad Street. It will serve as additional gathering space and meeting venue.

Overall, the Revolutionary War Visitor Center at Camden will serve as a gateway to South Carolina’s oldest inland town, and Kershaw County – named for Camden founder, Joseph Kershaw. Here visitors will enjoy a place of national significance to learn about area history and be guided to the sites and events focused on that history, as well as shopping, dining and other attractions and events.

Scheduled to open in spring 2021, it’s expected that the Revolutionary War Visitor Center at Camden will draw thousands of visitors from around the world as interest builds toward our country’s 250th Anniversary of the American Revolution in 2026.

Revolutionary War Visitor Center at Camden

ENTERTAINMENT FOR EVERY BODY - MAN & BEAST

Where the turning point story starts...

For the first four years of the American Revolution, British efforts were focused primarily on the Middle Colonies and Northern Colonies. Their Southern strategy was a British attempt to reinvigorate the war effort. But they failed.

The American Revolution was won in the South. More than 200 battles and skirmishes in the Revolutionary War were fought in South Carolina alone – more here than any other colony during the war.

As the role of the “Southern Campaign” became critical in securing victory for the Continental Army and the establishment of United States of America, the events that took place at Camden, South Carolina provide a captivating location to tell the story of the real turning point of the revolution - the Southern Campaign.

Today, many communities regard the battles and skirmishes that took place in their vicinity as the “turning point” of the war. The creators of the Revolutionary War Visitor Center at Camden recognize and honor the significance of each of these battles and the patriotic pride that goes with it. And while the turning point in the Revolution is a matter of perspective, the “starting point” to experience and discover it starts in Camden at the new The Revolutionary War Visitor Center.

The Visitor Center exhibit hall will facilitate understanding and appreciation of the county’s rich history and serve as a guide to tell the story of American Revolution not only in Camden and Kershaw County, but throughout South Carolina and the Southern Campaign.

10 influential

Revolutionary War Battles in South Carolina Words by Zach Lemhouse, Director of the Southern Revolutionary War Institute / Culture & Heritage Museums of York County

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Greenville Laurens

Newberry

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Barnwell Battle of Sullivan’s Island / June 28, 1776 Fall of Charles Town / May 12, 1780 Buford’s Massacre / May 29, 1780 Alexander’s Old Field / June 6, 1780 Hill’s Iron Works / June 18, 1780 Williamson’s Plantation / July 12, 1780 Camden / August 16, 1780 King’s Mountain / October 7, 1780 Cowpens / January 17, 1781 Eutaw Springs / September 8, 1781

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1 Battle of Sullivan’s island - June 28, 1776 At the start of the Revolution in 1775, South Carolina had the largest Loyalist population in the American colonies save for the colony of New York. The British hoped that by taking South Carolina’s capital port city of Charles Town, the Loyalists in the colony would be emboldened to rise up and fight against the Patriots in the area. In essence, the British planned to “Americanize” the war in the South. They foresaw a scenario where they could organize and train Loyalist militias to effectively fight against the Patriots while the British provincial soldiers turned their attention to the

north. On June 28, 1776, British Admiral Sir Peter Parker attacked Charles Town with a small fleet of ships laden with troops commanded by General Henry Clinton. Charles Town’s key defensive position was a hastily-constructed palmetto log fort on Sullivan’s Island known as Fort Sullivan. Parker’s fleet began its bombardment but the projectiles, absorbed by the soft palmetto logs and sand, caused very little damage. After D more than ten hours of firing, the British fleet was forced to illon withdraw to New York. 1

2 Fall of Charles Town - May 12, 1780 By late 1779/early 1780 the American Revolution had reached a stalemate. The British hoped that a successful southern campaign would break the stalemate and ultimately end the Revolution. On February 14, 1780, the British Army arrived at Charles Town, South Carolina and besieged the city. After a four-month siege and a three-day bombardment, Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, Commander-in-Chief of the southern theater, surrendered to the British on May 12, 1780. The British undoubtedly felt that their second attempt to take the colony was destined to be much more successful than their first. However, winning over the hearts and minds of the Carolina colonists would not be as easy as the British had initially hoped. A lot had changed since their first attempt to take the colony in 1776. Most detrimental to the British cause was the fact that the Loyalist population in the colony had dwindled. Between 1776 and 1779, Patriots had actively persecuted Loyalists in South Carolina and by the fall of Charleston in 1780 the Loyalists had been suppressed to such an extent that it was more difficult than expected for the British to rally them to their cause. 2

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Battle of Sullivan’s Island / US Senate Collection (cat. no. 3300004.000) by John Blake White

British continue attacking after the Continentals lay down their arms at the Battle of Waxhaws / revolutionarywar.us

3 Buford's Massacre - May 29. 1780 After Charles Town fell to the British, there was only one regiment of Continental soldiers left in South Carolina, the 6th Virginia Regiment under the Command of Col. Abraham Buford. Buford and his men had arrived too late to reinforce the Patriot garrison at Charles Town. When news of Benjamin Lincoln’s surrender reached Buford, he began retreating northward. Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton, infamous leader of the British Legion Green Dragoons, was dispatched to overtake Buford before he could cross the border into North Carolina. The two armies clashed near the Waxhaw Settlement in present-day Lancaster County, South Carolina. Once the battle had commenced, Buford realized he stood no chance against Tarleton and his Dragoons and he ordered a surrender.

The British ignored the flag of truce and continued to slaughter the Patriot troops. Of the 350 Continental soldiers, 113 were killed and another 150 were severely wounded. The Battle of the Waxhaws, which the Patriots called Buford’s Massacre, so enraged Backcountry Carolinians that many decided to join the ranks of the Patriots. Due to the battle of Buford’s Massacre, Banastre Tarleton earned a reputation for being a ruthless butcher. Giving “Tarleton’s Quarter” became synonymous with giving no quarter at all. Tarleton’s Quarter became the Patriot rallying cry at the Battle of Kings Mountain only four months later. 3

and ammunition in support of the Patriot cause south of Virginia. On June 17, 1780, Huck and his men defeated the Patriot militia that was guarding the ironworks and burned it to the ground. 6

6 Williamson's plantation - July 12, 1780

Sir Henry Clinton / Portrait attributed to Andrea Soldi

4 Alexander's Old Field - June 6, 1780 On May 22, 1780, Sir Henry Clinton, who by this point had been appointed Commander-in-Chief of all British forces in North America, issued the first of three proclamations.

Clinton’s proclamation promised British protection for any Loyalists in South Carolina who swore an oath of allegiance to the British crown. On the morning of Tuesday, June 6, approximately 200 Loyalists gathered at Alexander’s Old Field in present-day Chester County to gain British protection.

The gathering was dispersed by approximately 32 Patriot militiamen under the command of Capt. John McClure. Four Loyalists were killed and several were wounded. Of the 32 Patriots, only two were wounded in the skirmish. 4 Two days later, a similar gathering of Loyalists was dispersed by Patriot militiamen under the command of Capt. John McClure and Col. William Bratton at Mobley’s Meeting House in presentday Fairfield County. 5

Capt. Huck was dispatched from Rocky Mount once again in July with a detachment of Loyalist Militia, British Legion Dragoons, and New York Volunteers. His objective was to apprehend Patriot leaders in present-day York County.

General Thomas Sumter, who was encamped with his partisan militia at the Old Nation Ford of the Catawba River, had sent many of his men home to assist their families in reaping the wheat harvest. Lt. Col. George Turnbull felt this was a prime opportunity to strike. News of Capt. Christian Huck’s movements reached Sumter’s camp the night of July 10 and a detachment of Patriot militia was dispatched under the command of Col. William Bratton to engage Huck and his men near Bratton’s plantation in present-day McConnells, South Carolina. At 4:53 AM on July 12, 1780, the Patriots ambushed the British at neighboring Williamson’s Plantation, catching them completely unaware. The Battle of Williamson’s Plantation lasted less than fifteen minutes. In that relatively short amount of time, 30 British and Loyalist soldiers were killed including Capt. Christian Huck. Despite the small size of the engagement, The Battle of Williamson’s Plantation is considered by many to be a turning point for the Revolution in the Backcountry of South Carolina. The Patriot victory at Williamson’s Plantation would be the first time in South Carolina’s history in which Patriot militia defeated trained regular troops of the British occupation force. This victory served as a morale booster for the Patriots and inspired many new recruits to join the fight for independence. 7

5 Hill's iron Works - June 17, 1780 After the Fall of Charles Town, the British established several strongholds in South Carolina’s Backcountry including: Camden in present-day Kershaw County, Rocky Mount in present-day Fairfield County, and Hanging Rock in presentday Lancaster County. Enraged by the two consecutive Patriot victories at Alexander’s Old Field and Mobley’s Meeting House, Lt. Col. George Turnbull, British commander at Rocky Mount, dispatched a combined force of Loyalist militia and British Legion Green Dragoons under the Command of Capt. Christian Huck to destroy Hill’s Iron Works in presentday York County. Following the Fall of Charles Town, Hill’s Ironworks became the only foundry that produced weapons

The Battle of Williamson Plantation aka Huck’s Defeat in the backcountry on July 12, 1780 / Original painting © 2014 by Don Troiani. Original painting in the permanent collection of the Culture & Heritage Museums of York County, SC. / chmuseums.org/battle-of-hucks-defeat-hb/

7 camden - August 16, 1780 When Charles Town fell to the British, Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln was captured along with the entire southern arm of the Continental Army. This left the position of Commanderin-Chief of the southern theater vacant. General George Washington wanted General Nathanael Greene to succeed Lincoln in command but on June 13, 1780, Congress unanimously appointed Maj. Gen. Horatio Gates to the position. On the morning of July 27, Gates began a steady march towards the British stronghold at Camden in presentday Kershaw County. Gates’ “Grand Army”, as he called it, was comprised of Maryland and Delaware Continentals as well as militia brigades from North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Gates was also accompanied by Maj. Gen. Johann De Kalb, a German-born soldier who served with distinction in the French military before joining the Patriot cause. In the early morning hours of August 16, 1780, Gate’s Grand Army, approximately 5,000 strong, clashed with the British numbering approximately 1,800 under the command of Lt. Gen. Charles, Earl Cornwallis. Despite the overwhelming number of Patriot soldiers, the Battle of Camden was a decisive victory for the British. The Patriots broke rank and fled the field, with the exception of the Second Maryland Brigade, commanded by Maj. Gen. De Kalb who was mortally wounded. 8

General De Kalb’s Continental Soldiers Stand Firm / dessar.org Bottom: Battle of Camden; Death of De Kalb. Engraving from painting by Alonzo Chappel

8 Kings Mountain - October 7, 1780 In August of 1780, Lord Charles Cornwallis made plans to march up the east side of the Catawba River into Charlotte, North Carolina. Maj. Patrick Ferguson was ordered to penetrate into western North Carolina as far as Gilbert Town, after which the two armies would link up. Ferguson was acutely aware that Patriot militias in the Carolina Backcountry were gaining strength. Of particular concern to Ferguson was the frontier militia from the “over mountain settlements” in present-day Tennessee, led by Col. Isaac Shelby. On September 10, Ferguson sent a warning across the Blue Ridge Mountains to Shelby and his men. If the rebels did not “desist from their opposition to British arms”, Ferguson boasted, he would march his army over the mountains and “lay their country waste with fire and sword.” Shelby immediately sent out a call for volunteers and, on September 25, Isaac Shelby and John Severe met at Sycamore Shoals on the Watauga River with approximately 240 men each. On October 7, 1780, the Patriots reached Kings Mountain. By this time, their ranks had swelled to nearly 900 strong. The Patriots divided their forces and proceeded up the mountain. The battle commenced at 3:00 in

afternoon. The British were quickly surrounded. Ferguson, atop his horse and clad in a checkered hunting shirt, made a prime target for Patriot marksmen. He was struck with 8-10 musket balls and thrown from his saddle. Altogether, the Battle of King’s Mountain lasted about an hour. The Loyalist casualties numbered 157 killed and another 163 wounded. The Patriot victory at Kings Mountain has long been considered a turning point in the American Revolution. Sir Henry Clinton reflected that the British defeat was the “first link of a chain of evils that followed each other in regular succession until they at last ended in the total loss of America.” 9

Battle of Cowpens / American Battlefield Trust / battlefields.org

9 cowpens - January 17, 1781

10 Eutaw Springs - September 8, 1781

By January of 1781, British and Continental forces were circling each other. Daniel Morgan, with a force of 900 Continental soldiers and dragoons, was on the defensive and found himself with his back to the Broad River. He decided to give battle on ground of his own choosing at Hannah’s Cowpens in present-day Cherokee County, South Carolina. Morgan deployed his forces in three lines: one of sharpshooters, one of militia, and one consisting of Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware Continental regiments. Morgan ordered the militia, under the command of Col. Andrew Pickens, to fire two volleys and retreat behind the line of Continentals in the rear. On January 17, 1781 British forces under the command of Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton clashed with Morgan’s Patriots at Cowpens. By the time the British reached Morgan’s third line of Continentals, nearly two-thirds of their officers had been killed. The Continentals were flanked on their right by the 71st Highland Regiment of Foot. The Continentals began an orderly retreat but turned and fired point-blank into the pursuing highlanders. The Patriots killed or wounded over 300 British soldiers and captured nearly twice as many. Thanks to Daniel Morgan’s brilliant tactics, the Patriots won a decisive victory over the British. 10

In the spring of 1781, Lord Charles Cornwallis moved north to Virginia. He left roughly 2,500 men garrisoned in South Carolina. Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene took this opportunity to re-enter South Carolina with 2,200 Continental regulars and militia under his command. As Greene’s forces pushed towards Charles Town, Lt. Col. Alexander Stewart and a force of 2,000 British soldiers advanced towards Greene. The two armies collided on September 8, 1781 at Eutaw Springs along the Santee River in present-day Orangeburg County, South Carolina. At the conclusion of the battle, 579 Patriots and 882 British and Loyalists were killed, wounded, or captured.

Historians often disagree as to who won the Battle of Eutaw Springs. At the very least, the battle was a pyrrhic victory for the Patriots because of the devastating loss of life inflicted on the British. It can also be viewed as a tactical success for the Patriots because it resulted in the evacuation of the British from the region, with the exception of a few coastal positions that were abandoned after the Patriot victory at Yorktown. 11

Battle of Cowpens by Charles McBarron / nps.gov

Depiction of the Battle of Eutaw Springs from the Emmet Collection of Manuscripts / wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_ Eutaw_Springs

Stone monument and visitors center at Cowpens National Battlefield commemorating the famous Battle of Cowpens in the American Revolutionary War. Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 4; McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution 1780-1783. (New York, NY: Russell and Russell, 1902, 1969) 744-745 2 William L. Clements Library. Timeline. (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan) https://clements.umich.edu/exhibit/spy-letters-of-the-americanrevolution/timeline/; Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 6 McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution 1780-1783. (New York, NY: Russell and Russell, 1902, 1969) 744-745 3 Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 6; Rogers, George C. Jr. A South Carolina Chronology 1497-1970. (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1973) 40; McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution 1780-1783. (New York: Russell and Russell, 1902, 1969) 74445; Bass, Robert D. The Green Dragoon: The Lives of Banastre Tarleton and Mary Robinson (Orangeburg, SC: Sandlapper Publishing Co., INC. 1973) 4 Ellet, Elizabeth. The Women of the American Revolution Vol 3. (Williamstown, Mass: Corner House Publishers, 1980) 159-160; Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 22-23; Craig, John. “The War in York and Chester.” Chester (SC) Standard. 5:10 (March 16, 1854).

5 Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 7; Shelton, Kenneth. All That Dare Oppose Them: The Whig Victory at Mobley’s Meeting House, June 1780. (SelfPublished. 2005) 6 Scoggins, Michael C. The Day It Rained Militia. (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2005). 80-83; Hill, William. Col. William Hill’s Memoirs of the Revolution. Ed. A. S. Salley. (Columbia, SC: State Company, 1921.); Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 7 Scoggins, Michael C. The Day It Rained Militia. (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2005). 80-83 8 McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution 1780-1783. (New York, NY: Russell and Russell, 1902, 1969) 746-747; Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 9 Draper, Lyman. King’s Mountain and its heroes: history of the Battle of King’s Mountain, October 7th, 1780, and the events which led to it.

(Cincinnati, Ohio: Peter G. Thomson Publisher, 1881); McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution 1780-1783. (New York, NY: Russell and Russell, 1902, 1969) 746-747; Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina.

(Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 10 Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 11-12; McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution 1780-1783. (New York: Russell and Russell, 1902, 1969) 746-747; McKay, Kathy (NPS). Interview by Zachary Lemhouse. Personal interview. Cowpens, SC. January 17, 2018.

11 McCrady, Edward. The History of South Carolina in the Revolution 1780-1783. (New York, NY: Russell and Russell, 1902, 1969) 441-463; Lipscomb, Terry W. Battles, Skirmishes, and Actions of the American Revolution in South Carolina. (Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1991) 19; Editors for the American Battlefield Trust. “Eutaw Springs” The American Battlefield Trust. (The American Battlefield Trust, 2020) https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/eutaw-springs 1

influential Heroes of the

Revolutionary War all images are courtesy of the artist Thomas K. Pauley except Col. William Bratton and Capt. Christian Huck are courtesy of the Culture and Heritage Museums of York County.

British

capt. christian huck

lt. col. banastre tarleton

capt. patrick ferguson

gen. charles cornwallis

Americans

Brig. gen. thomas sumter

Brig. Gen daniel morgan

col. abraham buford

gen. horatio gates

gen. andrew pickens

col. william bratton

maj. gen, nathanael greene

maj. gen. johann dekalb

Man in British military dress at Revolutionary War Re-Enactment in Camden, South Carolina.

isaac shelby

30 DAYS. ONE EPIC ADVENTURE. JULY 1ST - JULY 30TH Fo l l o w u s o n Fa c e b o o k a n d b e c o m e a V i r t u a l Te a m Member by watching our daily Facebook Live posts.

southcarolina7.com

Bethesda Presbyterian Church Monument to Revolutionary War hero General Baron Johann DeKalb, killed at the 1780 Battle of Camden.

Simply Revolutionary

camdenschistory.com