Geography - Knowledge Organisers

How does Percy’s Park change with each season?

Prior Learning

Key Books:

Nursery

Why do

Cycle 1

leaves go crispy?

Key Vocabulary Seasons

The four phases in a year; Spring, Summer, Autumn & Winter.

Weather

How it feels outside, including temperature, wind direction, strength, rain, cloud, snow & sun.

Daylight

The time it is light in one day.

Spring

Weather starts to get warmer & days get a bit longer. Plants begin to grow and you may see baby animals like lambs around. The daytime hours start to get longer.

Summer

Weather is hotter, daytime is long & the nights are short. Summer has the longest days.

Autumn

Weather begins to get colder & days get shorter. Daylight hours reduce. Leaves fall from trees.

Winter

Weather is much colder & the daytimes are the shortest. Can be cold enough to freeze or snow.

Cycle

The four seasons each have a place in the yearly cycle. The order always stays the same.

Learning Challenges

LC 1

Autumn: Why are there so many leaves on the ground in Percy’s Park?

How can we portray the seasons through art?

LC 2

Winter: How do Percy’s friends keep warm in Winter?

LC 3

Spring: What are the signs of new life in Percy’s Park?

LC 4

Summer: What adventures can be had in Percy’s Park?

LC 5

What adventures can we have in our school grounds?

LC 6

What type of animals are there & where do they live in Percy’s park?

How does Percy maintain the park?

LC 7

Can we design and make a piece of playground equipment for Percy’s Park?

Geography Focus Skills •Geographical enquiry: Identify seasonal and daily weather patterns & use simple compass directions.

Understand the changes in weather locally.

•Map Knowledge: Learn about the location of home/school and nearby attractions. Plan a route to the

local park.

•Organisation & Communication: Communicate their knowledge through drawing pictures, role play,

making models, writing etc.

•DT: Use own ideas to design & make something & explain what works well.

Where do and did the wheels on the bus go ?

Prior Learning

Key Historian

Nurser

Reception

George Stephenson

Cycle 1 Who am I where do I live?

What is it like in Outer Space?

Key Vocabulary

Town

A small place where people live and work. May have shops, places of worship, leisure facilities and schools. Bigger than a village but smaller than a city.

Countryside

Land that is not in towns or cities. Has lots of farmland and often has woodland.

Pro

The positives of something.

Con

The negatives of something.

Country

An area of land with its own government, rules and borders

United Kingdom

The UK. Made up of 4 countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Map

A specially drawn picture of a place from above.

Capital City

A town or city where the government sits.

Landmark

A feature of a landscape or place that’s easily recognised. Could be made by people (a human feature) or occurred naturally (a physical feature).

Geography & History Focus Skills Population How many people live in one particular place.

• Geographical enquiry: Use information books/pictures/maps.

Learning Challenges • Map Knowledge: Learn some place LC 1 Where do you, your friends & family live within the UK? names within the U.K, understanding capital cities.

What adventures will you have on a London Big Red Bus? LC 2 • Historical Knowledge: Recognise What will your role be in Oakdene Motors? the difference between past & present in their own & other’s LC 3 How has transport changed over the years? lives.

LC 4 Who was George Stephenson and why do we remember him today? • Organisation & Communication: Communicate their knowledge LC 5 What was The Great Fire of London and how do we know about it? through drawing pictures, role play, making models, writing etc.

LC 6 How does fire-fighting today compare with that in 1666?

• DT: Use own ideas to make something & explain what works LC 7 Can we design and make a vehicle that moves?

Prior Learning

Nursery Cycle 1 Who am I? Where do I live?

Key Books

Reception Amazing Animals

Year 1 Where do & did the wheels on the bus go?

What adventures have

Key Vocabulary 7 Continents

Paddington & Friends been on?

5 Oceans North & South Poles

Barnaby from Scotland Paddington from Peru

Bjorn from Norway

Billy from Billingham

Equator Hemisphere Peru 8 species of bears

Bruce from Australia

LC 1

Why did Paddington have to leave darkest Peru?

LC 2

How does Billingham compare to London?

LC 3

What can Barnaby Bear teach us about Edinburgh?

LC 4

What can Bjorn the Bear teach us about living in Norway?

LC 5

Who was Captain Scott and what did he do?

LC 6

What can Bruce the Bear teach us about living in Australia?

Key Explorer

Key Geography Skills •

Geographical enquiry: Use non-fiction books, stories, maps, pictures/photos & the internet to answer questions such as, ‘Where is it? What’s it like?’

•

Drawing Maps: Draw a map & use class agreed symbols to make a simple key.

•

Using Maps: Follow a route on a map. Use a plan view & use a children’s atlas to locate places.

•

Map Knowledge: Locate and name on UK map major features e.g. Billingham, The North Sea, famous landmarks and capital cities. Distinguish between land and sea on a globe.

What would it be like to live in France?

Key Vocabulary LC 1

Where in the world is France?

LC 2

What is traditional homelife like in France?

Eiffel Tower

An iron tower in France.

boundary

Dividing lines between countries, states and cities.

LC 3

What would you eat if you visited a family in France?

border

Countries that share a border with a particular country.

LC 4

How are special events celebrated in France?

Continent

Main landmasses of the globe, usually reckoned as seven in number.

LC 5

What impact did Monet have on France?

Bastille Day

Marks the fall of Bastille, a military fortress and prison, on July 14, 1789.

Monet

A French Artist.

croissant

a French crescent-shaped roll made of sweet flaky yeast dough,

Prior Learning Year 2- Continents and the Oceans

Key Geographer Jacques Cousteau French

underwater explorer – researched sea life & explored

Rivers Key Vocabulary River Stream Lake

A flowing, moving stream of water.

A small, fast flow of water.

Large bodies of water that are surrounded by land and are not part of an ocean.

Sea

A huge body of salt water.

Source

Where a river begins its journey.

Where the river enters the sea.

A small river or stream that meets a large river.

Mouth Tributary Confluence

Where two rivers meet.

Meander

A winding bend in a river.

Estuary

The last section of the river

LC 1

Where does our water come from?

LC 2

What are the features of a river?

LC 3

Can you name some rivers from around the world?

LC 4

How do we use rivers?

LC 5

Why is the River Tees important?

Prior Learning

Year 1-

Year 2-

Human and Psychical Features of Saltburn

Human and Psychical Features of different countries, including Norway & Peru

Key Geographer Levison Wood

First person to walk the entire length of the River Nile In Africa.

Overview

Physical Geography

• England is country that is part of the United Kingdom. It covers five-eights of the Island of Great Britain.

• England makes up over half of the Island of Great Britain.

It is bordered by Scotland and Wales, and is separated from continental Europe by the narrow English Channel to the south.

• England is bordered by Wales to the west, Scotland to the north-west, the North Sea to the east, the Irish Sea to the northwest and the English Channel to the south.

• The other countries in the United Kingdom are Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

• England has a total area of 130,279 km2 and a population of over 56 million people.

• Of the 100 or so Islands belonging to England, amongst the largest are the Isles of White and the Isles of Scilly.

• The north of the country is generally hillier than low-lying south.

• The highest mountain in England is Scafell Pike in the Lake District, Cumbria at 978 meters.

• At 350km, the River Severn is the longest river flowing through England (it begins in Wales). The longest river entirely in England is the Thames (346km) which flows through London.

• There are many lakes in England. The largest Lake Windermere is in the Lake District, Cumbria.

What makes the Earth angry?

Prior Learning Year 2- Continents and Oceans Year 3 – Rocks

Key Vocabulary LC 1

What happens when the Earth shakes and can you eat lunch from a tectonic plate?

A shaking event that follows an earthquake. Sometimes more damaging than the original earthquake.

LC 2

Does an earthquake shake the sea?

tsunami

A long, high wave usually caused by an earthquake in the ocean.

LC 3

What happened in Haiti?

magma

Hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the Earth’s crust from which lava is formed.

LC 4

Can we be an earthquake architect?

lava

Hot, molten or semi-fluid rock erupted from a volcano, or solid rock, resulting from cooling of this.

LC 5

What is a volcano and why do they explode?

LC 6

Do volcanoes still erupt today?

eruptions

An explosion of steam or lava from a volcano.

aftershock

fault

Fractures in the Earth's crust where rocks on either side of the crack have slid past each other.

magnitude

If you talk about the magnitude of something, you are talking about its great size.

Tectonic plates

The Earth’s outer shell is made up of huge slabs of moving rock called tectonic plates.

Volcanoes • Volcanoes are made when pressure builds up inside the earth. This affects the earth’s crust causing magma to sometimes erupt through it.

• Active volcanoes have erupted in the last 10 000 years.

• Dormant volcanoes haven’t erupted in the last 10 000 years but may erupt again.

• Extinct volcanoes aren’t expected to erupt again.

Earthquakes • Earthquakes are caused when the earth’s tectonic plates suddenly move.

• Most earthquakes occur near the tectonic plate boundaries.

• Earthquakes can cause lots of damage to roads, buildings and property.

Tsunamis A tsunami is a giant wave caused by a huge earthquake under the ocean.

• The earthquake causes a large amount of water to be displaced very quickly causing a series of waves.

• As the waves travel through shallower water near land, they get bigger and bigger. The wave crashes onto the land causing devastation to buildings and sometimes even lives.

What is it like to live in the USA?

Prior Learning KS1- Human and Physical Features of Countries Year 2- Continents and Oceans Year 3- France Year 4- Maya/ St. Lucia

Key Vocabulary USA

A country in North America — The United States of America

State

A part of a large country that has its own government.

Independence

Having the freedom from being governed or ruled by another country.

Landmark

A landscape feature that is easily seen and recognised from a distance.

President

The person who has the highest political position in a country.

Population

All the people living in a certain place, area or country.

National Park

Land that is protected

Tourist

Someone who visits a place but does not live there

Border

An invisible line separating two countries or areas

LC 1

Where in the World is the USA?

LC 2

Which state would you choose to live in?

LC 3

What are the major cities in the USA?

LC 4

Who was Martin Luther King?

LC 5

What would you eat if you visited the USA?

LC 6

How are special events celebrated in the USA?

Key geographer: Lexie Alford Known as Lexie Limitless – an American adventure traveller who travelled to 196 countries before the age of 21.

Who was Martin Luther King?

• • •

• •

Martin Luther King Jr. Was one of America’s great leaders.

He spoke out against laws which kept black people segregated, and led protests and marches demanding fair laws for all people.

In 1963 Dr. King led his biggest march of all – the March on Washington. More than two hundred thousand people, of all colours, followed him. It was here that he gave his most famous speech.

In 1964, Dr. King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize – a great honour.

On April 4th in Memphis, Dr. King stood outside his motel room and was shot by a man called James Earl Ray.

Independence Day. 4th July 1776: The Declaration of Independence was agreed and adopted by Congress.

1777: The anniversary of Independence was celebrated in Philadelphia with a bonfire and fireworks and the tradition gradually spread.

1870: The 4th of July was officially recognised as a national holiday by Congress.

Key Facts • America is made up of 50 states.

• There are many famous landmarks in N America: the White House, Empire State building/Statue of Liberty, Mt Rushmore, Yellowstone National Park, Route 66, Hoover dam, Grand Canyon, Golden Gate bridge, Alcatraz, Niagara Falls, Hollywood.

• New York city has the same main land uses as London. The remainder of New York is mainly used for farming.

• Blizzards, tornadoes, hurricanes and earthquakes often occur in North America, with some being more common in certain areas than others.

• Many people emigrated to America for hope of a better life

What are the 50 states of the USA? • The USA is separated into fifty different states – forty-eight of the states are part of the mainland and the other two (Alaska and Hawaii) are not.

• Alaska is separated from the mainland USA by Canada and Hawaii is an island.

• The stars on the USA flag represent each of the 50 states. Each state has its own state capital and state government. They are all part of the USA but have different rules and laws as well as their own individual flags and nicknames.

• The culture in each state can also be very different.

Rainforests

Prior Learning KS1- Physical Features of Saltburn and Countries Year 2- Barnaby Bear (Habitats) Paddington in the Amazon Rainforest Year 2- Continents and Oceans Year 3- Rivers Year 3- Plants (Science) Year 4- St. Lucia Year 5- Billingham or Brazil?

Key Vocabulary Climate

The average weather conditions over a long period of time

Deforestati The cutting down and on clearing of forests Equator Humid

An imaginary circle running around the earth Feeling very damp due to water vapour in the air

Native tribes

The original settlers of an area

Species

A group of similar animals or plants

Rainforest

Emergent, canopy,

LC 1

What is a Rainforest and where would you find one?

LC 2

How have plants adapted to survive in the rainforest?

LC 3

Why did different animals live in different layers of the rainforest?

LC 4

How do different people survive living in the rainforest?

LC 5

Have you contributed to the destruction of the rainforest?

LC 6

How could you help to save the rainforest?

Prior Learning Year 1- Countries in the UK and Capital Cities Year 2- Continents and Oceans Barnaby Bear from Edinburgh Year 3- UK and England Year 4- UK and Northern Ireland Year 5- Wales

Scotland Key Vocabulary Capital city

the main city of a country where the government sits

Cardinal directions

North, South, East and West

Compass

a figure used to display the cardinal and intermediate directions on a map

Continents

LC 1

Where in the world is Scotland?

the name given to one of the world’s main continuous expanses of land. It is generally accepted there are 7 continents.

LC 2

What is so special about being Scottish?

Country

an area of land controlled by its own government

LC 3

What are the main cities in Scotland?

Flag

the symbol or emblem of a country

Grid reference

a map reference showing location in terms of vertical and horizontal lines expressed in letters or numbers

LC 4

Why is Edinburgh such a cool place to live?

Island

a piece of land surrounded by water

LC 5

Can you locate the main rivers and mountains in Scotland?

Intermediate directions

North-East, South-East, North-West, South-West

LC 6

Why do tourists go to Scotland?

Ocean

An expanse of salt water deeper and covering a larger area than a sea

Population

The number of inhabitants of a particular place

LC 7

Can you name and locate the counties in Scotland?

Sea

A large expanse of salt water

Physical Geography • • • • • •

Scotland is made up of the northern third of the island of Great Britain in addition, to over 900 surrounding islands.

The land in Scotland is varied from rural lowlands to the UK’s highest mountains.

The highest mountain in Scotland and the UK is Ben Nevis, in the highest region, at 1,345 mountains.

The lowlands are a belt of land towards the south of the country, where most of the population is located.

Of the 900 islands, around 100 are inhabited. Most are located off the North and West of the country. The three main groups are the Shetland islands, Orkney Islands and the Hebrides.

Scotland has a number of large freshwater bodies known as lochs. The largest are Loch Lomond (71km2) and Loch Ness (57km2) The longest rivers in Scotland are the Tay (190km), Spey (172km) and Clyde (171km).

Overview • Scotland is a country that is a part of the United Kingdom. It covers the Northern third of the island of Great Britain and also includes hundreds of offshore islands.

• It is bordered by England to the southeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the north-west, the North Sea to the northeast and the Irish sea to the south.

• Scotland has a total area of 77,933 km2 and a population of around 5.5 million people. There are 65 people per square kilometre.

• The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh.

Human Geography Scotland has a long and rich history, and a culture which is closely intertwined with the other nations of Great Britain. Scotland remains a member of the United Kingdom, however it has its own government.

Population

The population of Scotland is around 5.5 million people. The population density is 65 people per square kilometre making it the most sparsely populated UK country. Most of the population lives in the southern lowland belt.

Settlements

The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh. It is the 2nd most populous city in Glasgow which has around 620,000 people Aberdeen is 3r5d with around 200,000 people.

Economic Activity

Like the rest of the UK the currency in Scotland is pounds sterling. Scotland retains a small but open economy and accounts for 5% of all the UK’s exports. GDP per capita is relatively high and unemployment is low.

Resources/Trade

The service sector has grown to be the largest in Scotland. There is also a diversity of good ands services which Scotland produces from textiles, whisky and shortbread to jet engines, buses, computer software and ships.