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Innovative systems of information on citizen security at the national and regional level

Regional System of Standardized Indicators on Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security Brasilia, October 2012

Cisalva Institute: Institute for Peace Promotion and Injury / Violence Prevention, Cali, Colombia.

CISALVA INSTITUTE

Fields of action •

Surveillance Systems Development

•

Social Communication for Behavior Change

•

Evaluation

•

Mental Health

•

Road Safety

•

Violence Prevention

•

Road Safety Evaluation

Current studies Regional system of standardized indicators in peaceful coexistence and citizen security. 2008-2012 Financed by the Interamerican Development Bank Evaluation of two community based mental health interventions for the Afro-Colombian victims of torture and violence. 2011-2013

Designing and Evaluation of a Strategy on violence/bullying prevention in Public Schools from Cali.

2011-2012

International Movement on Safe Communities.

Promote Safe Communities as a certifying center for Latin America and the Caribbean region .

Road Safety Observatory. Department of Valle del Cauca.

Motivations of the Project: Regional System of Standardized Indicators on Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security

Source: DGIC, Honduras

Multiplicity of indicators to describe the events of crime and violence.

Various sources non concealed to the same subjects or territories; Comparativo nacional de homicidios segĂşn fuente Colombia; 1998 - 2010

35.000

30.000 25.000

20.000 15.000

10.000 5.000 -

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Medicina Legal 24.236 23.209 25.681 26.311 27.829 22.199 17.556 15.031 14.616 14.751 15.250 17.717 15.681 PolicĂ­a 23.096 24.358 26.540 27.840 28.837 23.523 20.210 18.111 17.479 17.198 16.140 15.817 15.459 DANE 24.715 25.855 28.789 30.103 31.807 25.612 22.369 18.875 17.816

Source: Universidad del Valle, Instituto CISALVA. Colombia; 2011

LAC 2007: Diferent indicators for the same felony in international statistics Central america: Homicide Rate per 100,000 hab. (2000-2006) Year

Source

El Salvador

Guatemala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Panama

2000

OEA

37.3

25.8

49.9

9

10.1

2000

PNUD

45

28

0

9

10

2001

OEA

34.6

25.2

53.7

10

10.1

2001

PNUD

40

30

0

10

10

2002

OEA

31.1

30.7

55.9

10

12.4

2002

PNUD

39

32

69

10

12

2003

OEA

32.7

35

33.6

12

10.8

2003

PNUD

40

37

65

12

11

2004

OEA

41

36.3

31.9

12

9.7

2004

PNUD

49

38

35

12

10

2005

OEA

54.9

42

35

13

11.2

2005

PNUD

62

44

37

13

11

2006

OEA

55.3

45.2

42.9

12.4

11.3

2006

PNUD

65

47

46

13

11

Sources: PNUD: Informe sobre desarrollo humano para América Latina 2009 - 2010, Octubre 2009.

OEA: La seguridad publica en las Américas, retos y oportunidades. 2da Edición diciembre 2008.

Homicides per 100.000 inhabitants, per year, 2011

Source: National Statistics

The Economist. Organised crime in Central America. The rot spreads. Drug-trafficking gangs find a promising new home in some of the poorest and most vulnerable countries in the Americas. Enero 20 de 2011. En http://www.economist.com/node/17963313?story_id=17963313

Project Background – Different concepts for offences with the same name: incidents that are added in a country where not joined in the others = Different definitions – Differences in demographic estimates of total population = Different denominators – Unreconciled sources for different years that make harder the construction of series = lack of validation of the information at the local level.

Project Background – Asymmetries in the quality of the records and processing of data = Deficiencies in quality of the data – Methodological differences (Questions, samples, periodicity) in survey indicators = Sub registry (hidden number)

• Lack of Standardization of data mechanisms = lack of identification of common indicators and their technical specifications.

The international comparison as is done is complicated by the diversity of definitions, mechanisms, data processing and technological developments;

Using the Data in Citizen Security Public policy decisions

Administrative Decisions

Strategic Decisions

• Diagnosis • Planning • Evaluation • Budget Definition • Personnel preparation • Public Information • Legislative guidelines • Police organization • Distribution of equipment for security and justice • Prioritization exercise.

THE PROJECT

Project Background First Forum on Citizen Security IDB.

Medellín, 2005

“”Indicators of violence, crime and perception of security Net”.

Flacso, Quito, 2005

“Training day and dialogue for the construction of a Regional Public Good around the standardization of indicators of citizen security”.

Bogotá, 2006

Project Approval.

2007

Signing of the Agreement.

2008

A REGIONAL SYSTEM TO STANDARDIZE INDICATORS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN. OBJECTIVE

Develop and implement, as a Regional public good, a Regional system of standardized indicators of coexistence and citizen security for the measurement, monitoring and regional comparison of the phenomena of crime and violence, strengthening the capacity of decision-makers to formulate, implement and evaluate peaceful coexistence and Citizen Security policy.

“Training Day and dialogue for the construction of a Regional Public Good around the standardization of indicators of Citizen Security." Bogotá, 2006

IDB FUNDING: US$2,550,000 EXECUTIVE UNIT: Instituto CISALVA – Universidad del Valle de Cali (Colombia)

Partner countries 2008 • Colombia • Honduras • Distrito Metropolitan o de Quito • Peru

2009 • Ecuador • Dominican Republic • Uruguay • Paraguay

2010 • Buenos Aires (Argentina) • Costa Rica • Chile • El Salvador • Jamaica • Guyana • Mexico • Nicaragua

2011 • Argentina

Organization chart DIRECTION COMMITTEE

Director

Technical Coordinator

Executive Unit – UE-

IDB

Staff

Finnancial Coordinator

OEA UNODC

TECHNICAL COMMITEE

Strategic Partners

PNUD SICA BM

SUB TECHNICAL UNITS

AR

CO

CR

CL

DO

EC

SV

GY

HN

JM

MX

NI

PY

PE

UY

Sub Technical Units In each partner country we develop a Sub SUT Technical Unit under the coordination of the Ministry, Department Government, Home Affairs or responsible for the subject.

This is an ad hoc working group composed of representatives from: -National Police -General Attorney / Prosecutor -Ministry / Department of Health -Responsible for issues of domestic violence / family -Responsible for national statistics among others.

Muertes por lesiones de causa externa Tr谩nsito y transporte

Convivencia

Victimizaci贸n y percepci贸n de inseguridad

Delitos

CSUT

Violencia sexual

Violencia en la familia Maltrato infantil y de adolescentes

Methodology

Institutional leadership

Workshop. PerĂş, 2010

Decisions by consensus

Workshop (planning). Dominican Republic, June 2009

Collective building

Technical committee. Colombia, February 2011

Process for developing indicators

Standardization of technical concepts

Institutional diagnostics

National definitions of coexistence and citizen security

Formulation of national indicators

Formulation of regional indicators

Strategical Meetings Across the region

Quality training in Nicaragua

National Engineers meeting in Honduras

Institutional Interviews in Salvador

STU conformation El Salvador

Capture of the data training Costa Rica

Capture training in Dominican Republic

Chronicle and project milestones 2005-2007 Initial meetings.

Presentation and approval of the BPR (6 countries).

2008 Start of execution phase.

3 countries and a built-in Constitution EU capital.

2009 6 countries and a capital city incorporated Constitution of SUT and country diagnoses.

Diagnosis.

22 Indicators are agreed to standardize.

Begins the definition and methodological agreements.

Workshop with OAS to promote income new countries.

2010 The definition of indicators and protocols of administrative records are concluded.

Courses of data capture.

8 countries and a capital city request for entry into the project.

Approval of an expansion of resources for the SES for OAS, SICA, UNODC and strategic partners.

2011

2012

7 new countries with SES, it is expanded.

15 countries and 2 capital cities reporting data into SES.

A new country request for entry into the project.

Coordination with national observatories and international statistics.

Indicators are defined by surveys, FIV and sexual violence is included.

Regional Training of prosecutors and police officers.

A new partner.

Publication of standardized record data.

New website.

Pilot survey VIF in Uruguay.

Homogenization technology and documentation data official OAS/UNODC. International Conference.

Stage II launching: second generation indicators.

UNDP, World Bank and PAHO join as strategic partners

Results

Peaceful Coexistence It is the interaction between citizens, between them and the State, between them and the public environment. This includes non-violence, tolerance among different moral, cultural and social without being transgresses the law, compliance with social rules, both formal and informal, and the symmetry between rights and duties.

Citizen Security

It is the situation of risk-free community living, respecting the duties and rights of all citizens.

Criteria for regional indicators selection

Regional Relevance relevance

Data Availability

Indicators

Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators

Source: administrative Registries

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants Traffic injuries death rate per each 100,000 inhabitants Suicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants older than 5 years of age Firearms deaths per 100,000 inhabitants Theft rate per 100,000 inhabitants Robbery rate for 100,000 inhabitants

Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators Source: administrative Registries 7. Robbery rate per 100,000 inhabitants 8. Robbery and theft rate of vehicles per 10,000 registered vehicles 9. Kidnapping rate for each 100,000 inhabitants 10. Sexual crime allegations per 100,000 inhabitants 11. Child and adolescent maltreatment allegations per 1,000 persons younger than 18 years of age 12. Intra-familiar/familiar/domestic violence allegations per 100,000 inhabitants.

13. Traffic violations under alcohol effect (not defined indicator)

Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators Source: Surveys

1.Crime victimization rate in people over 18 years.

2.Victimization rate for robbery in people over 18 years.

3.Victimization rate for Theft in people over 18 years.

4.Prevalence of Intra-familiar/familiar/domestic violence.

5.Sexual violence prevalence.

Peaceful Coexistence and Citizen Security defined Indicators Source: Surveys

1.Percentage of people who feel unsafe.

2.Percentage of people with fear perception.

3.Percentage of people with risks perception.

4.Percentage of people who trust in institutions.

5.Percentage of people who justify the use of violence.

www.seguridadyregion.com

Main Products • Administrative Registries data set are validated and standardized between countries.

• Manuals and protocols.

• Regional networks between key institutions (police, Public ministries, engineers) are integrated and trained.

• Support with validated data to IDB strategies and operations.

• Identification of SES indicators with countries data.

• Webpage for 15 countries.

Trainings and regional boards

Workshop in Paraguay

Workshop in Nicaragua

Regional Board in Dominican Republic

Regional board in PerĂş

Main results 2008

2012

Multiple definitions for same events.

Colecting and processing methods are public and standardized.

National institutions with insuficent technology and training.

Stronger institutions, STU are settled.

Non coniliated data between different sources.

Internal data are conciliated and validated between different sources.

Non comparable data between countries.

Standardized data, comparable between SES members

Absence of coordination inside the countries, between them and between similar institutions of the countries.

Regional System developed (SES). Regional Communities (institutional). SES Data set are official between current countries.

Steps for Sustainability • UNDP will promote interbreeding between the project and several publications on the subject, in particular its victimization manuals and annual reports.

• Liaison with the regional Mercosur, CAN, SICA and CARICOM spaces.

• Participation in the technical development of OBSICA • Regional Study for homicide.

• Strategic new members such as the Pan American Health Organization and the World Bank.

• Accession of new countries: Belize, Trinidad, Bolivia, Guatemala, Panama and Brazil.

Still a lot of work to do!!

SES 2010 Countries

Rate

WHO/PAHO 2010

Victims

Rate

Victims

UNODC 2010 Rate

OAS 2010

Victims

Dominican Republic

25,03

2.474

S.I

24,90

Honduras

77,50

6.236

S.I

82,10

Colombia

33,97

15.459

S.I

Ecuador

18,57

2.638

Peru

18,58

Paraguay

Rate

Victims S.I

2.638

6.239

81,83

6.236

33,40

15.459

S.I

S.I

18,20

2.638

19,15

5.473

S.I

S.I

11,38

734

S.I

11,50

714

S.I

Uruguay

6,11

205

S.I

6,10

205

6,08

Chile

1,52

259

S.I

S.I

S.I

El Salvador

64,48

3.987

S.I

66,00

64,68

4.005

Guyana

17,65

139

S.I

18,40

S.I

S.I

Jamaica

53,34

1.442

S.I

52,10

52,38

1.430

Nicaragua

13,50

785

S.I

13,20

766

S.I

MĂŠxico

23,76

25.757

21,50

18,10

20.585

17,86

Costa Rica

11,55

527

S.I

11,30

527

S.I

Argentina

S.I

S.I

S.I

S.I

2.638

S.I

139

S.I

205

19.769

ThanksÂŽ Email: bprcisalva@gmail.com Skype: bprindicadores_seguridad Tel.: (+57 2 557 72 06) Maria Isabel GutiĂŠrrez M. MD, MSc, PhD. Professor- Chair maria.gutierrez@correounivalle.edu.co Juan Pablo Gordillo Investigador jpgordillom@gmail.com