Synanthrope Coexistence - Thesis Report - Satya Singh Bhati 15EAAARM40P101

‘SYNANTHROPE COEXISTENCE’ WILDLIFE & FOREST INSTUITUTE, RAJASTHAN

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APPROVAL The thesis titled “Synanthrope Coexistence� is hereby approved as an original work of Satyanarayan Singh Bhati, enrolment no. 15E1AAARM40P101 on the approved subject carried out and presented in manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as per the standard laid down by the university. This report has been submitted in the partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Architecture degree from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.

It is to be understood that the undersigned does not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, any opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein, but approves the study only for the purpose it has been submitted.

June 2020 Jaipur

Prof. K.S. MAHAJANI

EXTERNAL EXAMINER 1

PRINCIPAL

Prof. ARCHANA SINGH

EXTERNAL EXAMINER 2

COORDINATOR

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DECLARATION I, Satyanarayan Singh Bhati, here by solemnly declare that the research work undertaken by me, titled ‘Synanthropic Coexistence’ is my original work and wherever I have incorporated any information in the form of photographs, text, data, maps, drawings, etc. from different sources, has been duly acknowledged in my report.

This dissertation has been completed under the supervision of the guide allotted to me by the school. Further, whenever and wherever my work shall be presented or published it will be jointly authored with my guide.

Satyanarayan Singh Bhati V Year B.Arch (C) Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the research titled, Synanthropic Coexistence is a bonafide work by Satyanarayan Singh Bhati of Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur. This research work has been completed under my guidance and supervision in a satisfactory manner. This report has been submitted in partial fulfillment of award of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE degree from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.

This research work fulfills the requirements relating to the nature and standard laid down by the Rajasthan Technical University.

Prof. Archana Singh Rathore Guide Aayojan School of Architecture,Jaipur

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This Thesis report has been an essential growth in the learning curve of my architectural education. I am grateful to my college, Aayojan School of Architecture for enabling me take up this assignment.

I am thankful to Prof. K.S. Mahajani (Principal, Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur) for providing a conducive college environment and the proficient faculties who made this dissertation a fruitful learning process.

I thank, Prof N.S. Rathore (Dean Academics, Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur) for his able advice and valuable time.

I would like to express my deep gratitude and thank towards, Dissertation & Thesis coordinator and my guide Prof. Archana Singh Rathore (Associate Dean - FL, Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur) for her continued guidance, encouragement, Patience and support throughout this project.

I would also like to thank my mother without whom not only this year, but my entire architectural education would not have been possible. I thank my bother for his constant support and encouragement.

I am thankful to my seniors Haider Jamal Khan & Jaivansh Mathur for helping through the research and Thesis process by providing constant motivation and guidance.

Satyanarayan Singh Bhati V Year B.Arch. (C) Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur iii

CONTENTS Page No. Approval

Declaration

Certificate Acknowledgement

Contents

List of illustrations

I

i ii ii iII iv-v

Introduction

01-05

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Research Question 1.3 Project Aim 1.4 Project Need 1.5 Courses Offered 1.6 Economical Model of The Project 1.7 Project Area 1.8 Project Objectives

II

Humans, Animals, & Architecture

06-09

2.1 Defining Activities 2.2 Space Activity, Target Groups & Area Requirements 2.3 Program Formulation 2.4 Mission, Policies, & Stakeholders

III

Biodiverse Building Designs 3.1 California Academy of Sciences 3.2 Biodiversity Training Institute 3.3 The Water Tower For Urban Wildlife 3.4 Kingsbrook’s Wildlife-Friendly Housing 3.5 Forest Research Institute of India 3.6 Wildlife Institute of India 3.7 Parc de la Tête d’Or 3.8 Muséum de Toulouse

iv

10-30

IV

Ecological Urban Integration

31-47

4.1 Site Selection 4.2 The Importance of Coexistence In India 4.3 The City Jaipur 4.5 Jhalana Wildlife Area 4.6 Selection Criteria & Scope For Urban Project 4.7 Site Analysis Macro Level 4.8 Site Analysis Micro Level 4.9 Concept & Zoning 4.10 Urban Design Planning 4.11 Implementation of Urban Strategies

V

Synanthropic Coexistence Design

48-75

5.1 Conceptual Illustration 5.2 Zoning 5.3 Architectural Presentation Drawings - Site plan - Axonometric Drawings - Sections, Structure & Details

VI

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical System

76-89

6.1 Need of Mechanical Services 6.2 Site & Climate Analysis for Services 6.3 Design Analysis for Services 6.4 Mechanical Design Drawings

Glossary of Terms Bibliography

xv xvi-xvii

v

CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION Understanding Thesis Project

“Animal Space with Ecological Benefits” Water Reservoir Along Catchment Channel

Synanthropic Coexistence

“This is a new urban world that we have now designed and built with others in mind.

Create the space, and the animals will come... It could be possible to see wildlife thriving within our cities across the planet. We, after all, are the architects of the urban world.

Now, over half of us live in an urban environment... Looking down on this great metropolis, the ingenuity with which we continue to reshape the surface of our planet is very striking, but it’s also sobering. It reminds me of just how easy it is for us to lose our connection with the natural world. Yet it’s on this connection that the future of both humanity and the natural world will depend. It’s surely our responsibility to do everything within our power to create a planet that provides a home not just for us, but for all life on Earth.”

- Sir David Attenborough

1.1 Introduction : Project Title : Synanthrope Coexistence, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Project Type : Wildlife & Forest Education & Learning Institute with Museum Sub Type : Educational / Museum / Cultural Centre Today where Urban Expansion has invaded the depleting forests and wild animals are forced to interact with streets in towns and in cities. On a daily basis one reads the news about wildlife attacks and them being attacked whilst they search for food. Concrete forest encroachment taking place over the vegetated forest and Building requirement that affects the Biodiversity as a whole.

It’s paramount to draw a boundary, educate and create awareness amongst people about the balance of biodiversity, ecosystem and how important it is for the survival.

The whole world is taking an action for the same cause, India is not far behind with all the departments and policies in favour of the same even the Prime Minister of India recently came on internet viral international television program with SAS serviceman, honorary lieutenant-colonel, and survival instructor Bare Grylls OBE Aired on 19 August 2019 creating awareness about Indian Wildlife & Forests.

Figure 1.1 - Illustration Diagram highlighting current Human-Animal conflicts in Urban Areas , Rajasthan

Introduction

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1.2 Research Question : - HOW CAN AN ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION HELP WITH THE CAUSE? In the dissertation research ‘Designing for Wildlife’ the hypothesis was established that ‘Appropriate planning and designing strategies to preserve and conserve wildlife can balance biodiversity while reducing ecological footprint’. Thereby answering the research question, hence, taking that research into account and further developing thesis goals and objectives.

Figure 1.2 - Manifestation & Defining Project Requirments

Introduction

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1.3 Project Aim : To protect the rich biodiversity in Rajasthan region by selecting a site serving as a boundary between forest and urban area and creating awareness through architectural project amongst people while saving biodiversity of the region.

1.4 Project Need : The project aims at creating an institute campus near a wildlife protected area while Exploring creative way to resolve Human-Animal conflict, providing Wildlife-Management courses for students, where the students can learn better practically in the field near such a protected area with an interactive museum for both students and public creating awareness amongst nearby people and children about the biodiversity it’s importance.

1.5 Courses Offered : Bachelor’s Degree in Biological Science Master’s Degree in Wildlife Science Post Graduate Diploma in Advanced Wildlife Management Certificate Course in Wildlife Management Short Term Wildlife Management Courses

3 Years 2 Years 10 Months 3 Months 1 Week

1.6 Economic Model Of The Project : Institute services to be passive designs, the public, students and nearby area of city to Designed with Sustainable, Ecological & Biodiversity Planning and Design methods which in turns means design to minimise the cost of the building from construction to operation.

1.7 Project Area : 10000 - 12000 m.sq Built-up on site

1.8 Project Objectives : 1. To create a project that has Human-Animal Co-Habitable spaces through architecture which encourage biodiversity safe buildings while training people in the same field.

EDUCATION 2. Creating awareness amongst nearby public for the importance of biodiversity though recreational & display spaces showing coexistence.

INFORMATION 3. A public Sociocultural site development with community involvement in efforts to create biodiverse and sustainable built environment in Hot Regions.

EXPERIENCE 4. To implement planning and design strategies for protection and conservation of native flaura & Fauna by providing dialogue with Humans through Architectural spaces.

CO-HABITATION Introduction

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1.9 Methodolodgy SELECTION OF PROJECT

‘SYNANTHROPIC COEXISTENCE’ Background of the Project Research & Need for Project Formulating Aim & Objectives Defining Scope METHODOLOGY PART - I

PART- II

Analytical Studies

Programme Formulation

• Spacial activities • Target Group

• Users • Space requirment

Education Information Co-Habitation Exprience

Institution Museum Hostel Recreation Park

Site Analysis

Case Identification

Design Analysis

Thesis Project

Urban Project • Concept & Zoaning • Design Development

• Concept & Zoaning • Design Development

Biodiversity Strategies

Ecologica Stratagies

Planning & Design Strategy Diagrams

MECHANICAL SERVICES Architectural Presentation Drawings Summarising Dissertation Summarising Thesis Introduction

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CHAPTER - II

HUMANS, ANIMALS, & ARCHITECTURE Formulation of Thesis Project

“Inciting Curiosity” - New Gateway

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2.1 Defining Activities

EDUCATION

Learning

Researcher

Reading Researching

Student

Faculty

INSTITUTE

Administrating Admin

INFORMATION

Local - Public

Experiencing Viewing Educating

Tourist

Forest Rangers

Museum

Celebrating

EXPREINCE

Security

Staff

Insects

Coexisting

Arial Animals

Amphibians

Nesting Feeding

Locals

Tourist Local Trees

CO-HABITATION

Breeding

Land Animals

Training

Gardens

Staff

Student

Working Resting

Admin

Recreation

Trees

Arial Animals

Hostel

Animal Friendly Spaces

Humans, Animals, & Architecture - Formulation of Thesis Project

Security Shrubs

Insects

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2.2 Space Activity,Target Group, & Space Requirments : Study Area

INSTITUTE

Student Educatee Faculty Researcher

MUSEUM

Forest Rangers

RECRETIONAL GARDEN

Staff

Gallerie Area

Reception

Exibition Area

Back-End

Lobby Admin Office Ticketing Counter Office A/V room Technical Staff

Platforms HVAC Display rooms House Keeping Display Spaces Public Restroom Gardning Room

Live Exibition

Green Roof Green Animal Gardens Botinical Gardens Botinical Gardens Herbarium Exibition

Parking

Security Locals-Tourist Animals-Insects Plants

Admin Visitors Cycle Bus

Animal Spaces

Back-End

Rooms

HOSTEL

Admin Animals Maintainance

Sleeping Area Facilities Setting/Working Area Storage

BackEnd Areas

House

Recreational Area

Gardens Green areas Flower & Shrubs Green Roof Medows Cafe Canteen Planting Area Outdoor Sitting Indoor Sitting Gardens Kitchen Green areas Flower & Shrubs Workshop Area O.A.T Green Roof Public Facilities

Students

Areas

Parking Area

Reading Space Digital Cabins Discussion/ Space

Locals Tourist

Backend Support

Class Rooms HVAC Lecture Halls House Keeping Research Areas Facilities AV Hall Admin Resting Areas Reception Canteen Conference Room Sports room Directors Room Activity Room HR room Citculation Scape Offices Furniture Medical Rooms Offices Library Area Cashier Bag Counter

Pathways

Resting Areas

Urban Furniture

Deck, Drainage

Feeding Area

Mess Kitchen Green Roofs Platforms

Parking Area Service Area Aniaml HVAC Green Roofs Facilities Ponds Admin Block Plantations Medows Platform Building Walls Nesting Areas

Humans, Animals, & Architecture - Formulation of Thesis Project

Areas

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2.3 Program Formulation : FOREST AREA Green Roof

Animal

Pond

Institute

Residences

Museum Mess

Hostel

Open Green Space Canteen Medows & Garden Parking

Parking Entry

Day Time Usage : Institute : Museum : Cafe - Primary (Administration Working area, Study areas - Classrooms, Staff rooms, Research Area - Library, Activity Rooms, Sport Playground).

- Secondary Recreational areas Open Cafe,Toilets Botanical Gardens (Glass enclosed & Open), Museum (Administration, Display rooms, Galleries, Toilets), Ranger Headquarters (Watch Towers, Rooms, Toilets) Eco-tourism Office, Guard Rooms.

Night Time Usage : Hostel & Dinning Mess

2.4 Mission, Policies, & Stakeholders : Indian Forest Depertment

Wildlife Institure & Research

NGOs

Government

Jaipur Development Auth.

RIICO Community

Humans, Animals, & Architecture - Formulation of Thesis Project

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CHAPTER - III

BIODIVERSE BUILDING DESIGNS Pre-Design Studies

“Nature & External Facade - Hostel Building”

Synanthropic Coexistence

3.1 California Academy of Sciences

Figure 3.1 - The rainforest dome & Living Roof of the California Academy of Sciences .

The museum, which contains an aquarium, a planetarium, a natural history museum and research and educational facilities, and numerous sustainable features Record-setting “green” building designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Stantec Architecture all under one living “green” roof at Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.

Following the widespread destruction of the Academy buildings by the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, a consultation for this new building was held.

The new building has maintained the same position and orientation as the original, all the functions laid out around a central courtyard, which acts as entrance lobby and pivotal centre to the collections. This connection point is covered by a concave glass canopy with a reticular structure reminiscent of a spider’s web, open at the centre.

Figure 3.2 - Conceptual sketches by AR. Renzo Piano

Figure 3.3 - Living Roof ‘green’ on the Museum

The entire 37.000 sq. m complex is like a piece of the park that has been cut away and lifted 10 m up above the ground. This “living roof” is covered with 1,700,000 selected autochthonous plants planted in specially conceived biodegradable coconut-fibre containers. The roof is flat at itsW perimeter and, like a natural landscape, becomes increasingly undulating as it moves away from the edge to form a series of domes.

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The Main Goals: “Spreding awareness and knowledge about Natural history� & Being energy efficient The roof is flat at its perimeter and, like a natural landscape becomes increasingly undulating as it moves away from the edge to form a series of domes of various sizes rising up from the roof plane. The two main domes cover the planetarium and rainforest exhibitions. The domes are speckled with a pattern of skylights automated to open and close for ventilation.

Figure 3.4 - Design of roof such that it catches wind and provides natural light in centre of the building,

Figure 3.5 - Efficient cross ventilation & light in building which reduces the need for mechinical services for the same.

The soil’s moisture, combined with the phenomenon of thermal inertia, cools the inside of the museum significantly, thus avoiding the need for air-conditioning in the ground-floor public areas and the research offices along the facade.

Photovoltaic cells are contained between the two glass panels that form the transparent canopy around the perimeter of the green roof; they provide more than 5% of the electricity required by the museum.

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Figure 4.51 - Section of the whole building showing different spaces and circulation under the green roof.

Figure 3.6 - Section of Plantarium with artificial lighting produced by Photovoltic cells & ventilation

Beaneath the Domes , inside the glass-covered ceiling and facade elements in the piazza provide visitors with a view into golden gate park, the outside of the building looks just like part of park from a bird’s eye view. the development of the fully glass-covered piazza proved to be just as challenging. measuring approximately 22 x 30 meters, the gently curving roof is supported by a dual network of steel beams, bolted together by horizontal braces. the triangular glass surfaces each have an edge about 1.83 m long and follow the dimensions of the underlying steel frame structure, giving the structure the multi-faceted appearance of an insect eye.

Figure 3.7 - Typical detail of circular cutout windows on domes

Figure 3.8 - Indoor space of Plantarium inside the museum

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Figure 3.9 - Ground floor plan of California Academy of Sciences

The choice of materials, recycling, the positioning of the spaces with respect to the natural lighting, natural ventilation, water usage, rainwater recovery and energy production: all of these design issues became an integral part of the project itself, and helped the museum obtain LEED platinum certification.

90% of all demolition materials were recycled, 32,000 tons of sand from foundation excavation applied to dune restoration projects in san francisco, 95% of all steel from recycled sources, 15% fly ash (a recycled coal by-product), 35% slag in concrete, 50% of lumber harvested from sustainable-yield forests, 68% of insulation comes from recycled blue jeans, 90% of office space will have natural light and ventilation, 60,000 photovoltaic cells; 213,000 kilowatt-hours, 30% less energy consumption than federal code requirement

Figure 3.10- Circultion, Ventilation, View & Solar path in different seasons.

Figure 3.11 - Axonometric view of the museum

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3.2 Biodiversity Training Institute

Figure 4.10 - Biodiversity training instuite presentation render.

fUSE Studio and Architecture BRIO have been appointed via an international tender to design the Biodiversity Training Institute of Pangtang, Sikkim. The Biodiversity Training Institute is located near Sikkim’s capital Gangtok. Sited on a slope, it faces world third highest mountain, the Kanchenjunga.

The site is sparsely vegetated with low shrubs and bushes, but more small trees on the peripheries. The site is flanked on the north by a small school, a village and grass land. To the east and west the site is defined by small seasonal streams beyond which the Forest Land continues. To the south the mountain ridge . On the other side of this mountain ridge one can see Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim.

Figure 3.12 - Site plan of training instuite.

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The Main Goal: “Knowledge generation” & “dissemination of biodiversity and best practice information”.

1. The enhancement of the spatial and resource information base for planning, implementation, and monitoring of forest and biodiversity management; 2. The establishment and improvement of zoning and of plans for the management of reserved forests and protected areas; 3. The promotion of public support for biodiversity conservation through research, ex-situ conservation, and extension; and 4. The capacity development of the Forestry Department.

Figure 3.13 - Concept Section

The Institute is located in one of the most fragile ecological zones of the Earth. “Life on Earth faces a crisis of historical and planetary proportions. Unsustainable consumption in many northern countries and crushing poverty in the tropics are destroying wild nature.

Biodiversity is besieged.

The institute intends to become a meeting place to educate through the exchange of knowledge. More importantly it aims to inspire as an example of the Sikkimese ‘green mission’.

Figure 3.14 - View of Kanchenchunga &The diverse vegetatio

Figure 3.15 - Exterior view of court with water filter pond

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The design of the building is compact with a small footprint. It makes use of solar energy, local vegetation and wind. The thermal mass of the walls will be used to moderate fluctuations in the indoor temperature.

Local materials like rammed earth and natural stone are chosen to increase the thermal accumulating qualities of walls and floors.

The divers vegetation of Sikkim will become an integral part of the building. Moss grown stone walls and a vegetated herbal roof with local plants will cover the exterior.

The institute intends to become a meeting place to educate through the exchange of knowledge. More importantly it aims to inspire as an example of the Sikkimese ‘green mission’.

Figure 3.16 - Massing Development

Figure 3.17 - Circulation & Spaces Development

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Figure 3.18 - Plans & Sections of the Building

The design of the institute has a dualistic character. On one hand its symmetrical plan and its tall, road facing elevation imposes itself on the landscape as a building of public importance. The roof has a gentle but critical slope which emphasizes the strong shape of the building.

Ecological Layer: The humid climate of Sikkim is ideal for the growth of mosses. Instead of trying to keep stone walls clean, the external walls will be covered by epiphytic species such as mosses, lichens and ferns, creating an additional layer of biodiverstiy over time.The spcies are so called pioneer species. They colonize previously uncolonized land, usually leading to ecological succession.

Figure 3.19 - Insulated wall construction which forms a canvas for mosses and ferns to grow

Figure 3.20 - Mosses as pioneering species in the successive growth

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3.3 The Water Tower For Urban Wildlife

Figure 3.21 - ‘The Water Tank’ Urban habitat for wildlife at Bat Yam, Isleal presentation render.

Abandoned water towers from various periods are scattered throughout Israel, many falling into disrepair. The “Water Tower - New Perspectives” design competition held at the end of 2010 challenged participants to come up with new, contemporary interpretations of the Israeli water tower in general, as well as a specific project for an existing tower that explores its role as a public space and preserves its unique architecture.

The winning design comes from Tel-Aviv-based Ifat Finkelman_Ofer Bilik Architects, who proposed to re-purpose the Ramat HaNasy water tower in Bat Yam as a Habitat for Urban Wildlife. The design requires minimal changes to the tower, preserving and building on its original architecture.

Figure 3.22 - Actual condition of the water tower.

Figure 3.23 - Site of the water tower at Bat Yam.

Proposed project, identified the potential within the urban water towers – functioning and abandoned – with their height, unique structure and strategic locations, to act as an impetus for encouraging an urban wildlife. Their obvious characteristics as urban landmarks and meeting places suggested expanding their designated function as natural systems. Design suggests defining and addressing this strategy to urban towers.

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The Main Goals: 1. Saving biodiversity 2. Reintroducing species that previously existed in the region 3. Water sources to attract migrating birds in the autumn 4. Education, information: sign-age, explanations, viewing platforms, seasonal and daily activities, special events and guided tours, internet platforms for continuous updates 5. Strengthening the sites presence and within the local community and specifically within the nearby school

Figure 3.24 - Section showing different animals housed in the water tower & urban wildlife.

Figure 3.25- Ground & roof plan of The Water Tank

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Hundreds of water towers were built in different periods and styles across Israel, many of which now stand dry, noticeably disintegrating.

What used to be a sign of vitality now stands as a shameful memory of useless concrete, carrying antennas or advertisement posters. Very few municipalities have realized the historic and cultural value of the water tower and renewed the structure.

Most of the towers, however, haven’t been gracefully treated, if at all. The competition called for contemporary interpretations for the Israeli water tower in general, and for a specific design suggestion referring to an existing tower.

The design should take into consideration the communal role; resume its position as public space in a form adequate to the contemporary lifestyle and specific context. Moreover, it should respect and value matters of conservation.

Figure 3.26 - Section showing Water tower & Water tank from inside galleries, viewing platforms and Human intrection to building.

The Water Tower: Viewing platforms The preservation of the water tower demands a minimal intervention that respects the original architecture of the tower without compromising the new program and activities within it.

Having created a system of staircases and viewing galleries that occupy the internal space and allow for bird (and wildlife) watching without disturbing the various species.

The galleries are specifically arranged to match the geographical and biological variety.

They complete a full panorama – 360 degrees of urban wildlife.

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Figure 3.27 - Water Tower plans at different levels

Figure 3.28 - Viewing tower section at different levels

The Water Tank: An interface between citizens and the environment In order to create a real dialogue between residents and the natural system, a high quality interface including hidden viewing platforms, research activities, publicity, nature & art galleries and other educational functions, has to be established.

The Water Tank is an integrative structure. It’s double skin and winter rain pool create natural living systems inhabited by a variety of species surrounding the structure’s inner space which is designated for communal activities.

Figure 3.29 - Section showing Typical details of dual skin in Water tank.

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3.4 Kingsbrook’s Wildlife-Friendly Housing

Figure 3.30 - ‘Kingsbrook’ Housing, Oakfeild near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire

The RSPB is leading a progressive approach to wildlife-friendly housing in conjunction with Barret & David Wilson Homes and Aylesbury Vale District Council. This award-winning partnership, which involves working with the national Barratt team and AVDC ecologists, aims to show that new homes need not be at the expense of the natural world.

By engaging with development companies, the RSPB is increasing the likelihood that wildlife is considered at the start of the design process. An estimated 200,000 new houses to be built each year across the UK, there is an urgent need to ensure developments do not become sterile places with little wildlife. Research has shown that homes that welcome the natural world are good not just for wildlife, but also for human health and well-being.

Figure 3.31 - Oakfeild village master plan

Figure 3.32 - Kingsbrook housing planning layout

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The Main Goals: 1. 60 per cent wildlife-friendly green-space, excluding gardens. This sets a new standard, where the new housing will be surrounded by large areas of ponds, parks, meadows, orchards and nature reserve.

2. Wildlife corridors. Kingsbrook is being designed so that wildlife can move all around and through the greens-pace and the residential areas. Whether it be hedges, strips of wild-flower grassland or gaps under fences and walls, wildlife won’t have the barriers they normally face.

3. Sustainable Urban Drainage. Rather than shunting rainwater straight underground into pipes, in many places it will be directed along rills and swales on the surface - great wildlife habitat - slowing the flow and using nature to clean the water.

4. Planting for wildlife, including a higher proportion than is usual of native shrubs, many hedges, areas of wild-flower grassland for pollinators and butterflies, plus fruit trees in gardens.

5. All manner of wildlife homes, from bird-boxes built into the walls of houses to places where amphibians can hibernate.

The site was created on former farmland which had been used for grass and cereals and was divided up by hedgerows.

Much of Britain’s wildlife has been declining because of the loss of hedgerows and the developers were keen that the animals that lived there should find a new home.

All the show gardens have been planted as wild-flower gardens, and new homeowners are given special gardening packs which teach them how to plant their own plots for encourage birds, bugs and animals.

The RSPB is planning to carry out regular surveys to monitor how well the birds and insects are doing at the site.

Conservation features, such as ‘hop points’ to allow bats to cross busy roads safely, a loggery to encourage stag beetles, dragonfly perches and vertical banks in which sand martins and kingfishers can dig their nests.

Channelling rain into underground pipes, groundwater is directed along ‘rills’ and ‘swales’ on the surface, allowing natural wetlands to develop, which are a haven for wildlife.

Figure 3.33 - Wildlife safe design

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Synanthropic Coexistence Kingsbrook’s Wildlife-Friendly Housing

Figure 3.34 - Wildlife safe Design strategies adopted in Kingsbrook housing by BARRETT AND DAVID WILSON HOMES

Kingbrook’s value for wildlife comes from the fact that it will include a lot of green spaces - a whooping 60%. however, it can’t be expected such swathes of greenery with every development, thus it’s vital that wildlife measures are incorporated into kingsbrook’s “built environment”.

The features include green corridors cutting little holes in the base of fences so called ‘hedgehog highways’ - so that wildlife, including frogs and newts, can move from garden t garden with ease.

Netboxes can be expensive, thus building a hollow plastic brick that can be built in walls, wildlife can’t get further into haouse cavity and cheaper alternative for swift/bird boxes.

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Figure 3.34 - Wildlife safe Design strategies adopted in Kingsbrook housing by BARRETT AND DAVID WILSON HOMES

Figure 3.35 - Hedgehog nests installed in garden at Kingsbrook

Figure 3.36 - A nesting box installed in gardens at Kingsbrook

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3.5 Forest Research Institute

Figure 3.37 - FRI - Forest REsearch Institute, Dehradun, India

Institution in the field of forestry research in India. Hosts multiple Forest & Research Academy

Figure 3.38 - Open Corrdiros

Figure 3.39 - Central Court Vegetation

Figure 3.40 - Campus Map

Figure 3.41 - Visitor museum to Share Research

Figure 3.42 - REsearch & Conference for wildlife

Inference : - Research spaces along with Training & Academic spaces are optimal.

- Different activities combined on campus provide more opportunities to share knowledge.

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3.6 Wildlife Institute of India

Figure 3.44 - ‘‘WII’ Wildlife Institute India, Dehradun

An internationally acclaimed Institution, offers training program & Research fro Wildlife.

Figure 3.45 - Corrdiros Durable Material use

Figure 3.46 - Arch. Language fro Biodiversity

Figure 3.49 - Campus Map

Figure 3.47 - Biodiversity Friendly Hostel &Dorm

Figure 3.48 - Visitor AV Hall to Share Research

Figure 3.50 - Central Axis Entry

Inference : - Campus acting as protective barrier between Forest area & Urban area - Architectural Design integrates forest native vegetation along with ecological building Construcion techniques.

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3.7 Parc de la Tête d’Or

Figure 3.51 - Parc de la Tête d’or, Lyon, France

A large urban park in France in middle of City intregating Animals with Public Spaces.

Figure 3.52 - Animal Shelters detail

Figure 3.53 - Concept to Blend wildlife with city

Figure 3.56 - Urban integregation of Park

Figure 3.57 - Urban park Map.

Figure 3.54 - Segregrating Synanthopres

Figure 3.58 - Bio - Botinical Gardens along with animals spaces Educate people

Figure 3.55 - Arch. Details of Different Shelters

Figure 3.59 - Integration of Biodiverse spaces act as viewing point of wildlife.

Inference : - A public Urban scale Integration of Biodiversity (Botinacal Garden & Animal Spaces) into Garden, provides more spaces for Adapting building techniques and while Creating awareness amoungst natives.

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3.8 MusĂŠum de Toulouse

Figure 3.60 - MusĂŠum de Toulouse - Museum of Toulouse, Busca-Montplaisir, Toulouse , France

A museum of natural history houses a collection of more than 2.5 million items.

Figure 3.61 - Garden integreted as live museum

Figure 3.64 - IN middle of urban Area

Figure 3.65 - Musuem Plan

Figure 3.62 - Atanomy Structures as display

Figure 3.63 - Liberary for research

Figure 3.66 - Exabition Space with Displays along side Botanical garden.

Inference : - Implementation of live (Botanical) museum along with exabition.

- Segretating museum space into different zones and provding one way circulation.

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CHAPTER - IV

ECOLOGICAL URBAN INTEGRATION Thesis Project Site

“Wildlife Urban Park” - Jhalana Ecological Safari Area a public integration barrier

Synanthropic Coexistence

4.1 Site Selection : India is one of the world’s ‘mega diversity’ countries, ranking ninth in the world in terms of higher plant species richness. At the ecosystem level, India is with ten distinct biographical zones

A large percentage of the total area is desert &there is little forest cover, Rajasthan has a rich and varied flora and fauna with a need of conservation.

‘Dhundhar’ region, home to the state capital of Jaipur. Mewat, the easternmost region of Rajasthan, regions has varied flora and fauna.

The Aravalli and the south-eastern region is home to the dry deciduous, forests, with exception to ‘Hadoti’, ‘Mewar’ & ‘Dhundhar’ regions. It’s due to these ranges which has acted as an edge to urban expansion in Jaipur city containing biodiversity in metropolitanization Jhalana hill forest area is a biodiversity hub with diverse flaura and fauna in Jaipur which is under immense urban development pressure with rise in carbon footprint, pollution and no biodiversity sustainable planning strategies .

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4.2 Importance of Coexistance in India : Since the beginning of human history, people have lived in close contact with animals having developed myths and legends about them in all religions and era. Serving as stand-ins for humans or human characteristics often with dualistic quality in mythology of being harmful and helpful both. Religion in India has always portrayed them in harmony with human lifestyle as ‘coexistence’ ‘Pashu’ means animal in Sanskrit. A lot of importance is given to animals in Hindu mythology. Without then stories of god, demons, humans and sagas are incomplete.

Ancient Indians had recognized the animals’ right-to co-exist with man and therefore they were loved,nurtured and even worshipped. In order to impress upon the commoners about their importance, the animals were given the status of gods and goddesses. They declared that Almighty incarnates in different animal forms. The kings and the emperors opted different animals in their emblems. Many festivals were/are observed in honour of several animals. In order to inculcate love for animals among children,animals were made heroes in stories. The rulers gave them prime position in art and architecture.

Unfortunately, today we are neither adopting ancient Indian’s compassionate attitude, nor scientific approach of the westerners towards these animals and hence we are heading towards a catastrophe The activities of ancient Indians were woven around the animals, However recently with many problems ranging from extreme carbon emission, Global worming, pollution and poor conditions for our Planet’s ecology we cannot over look the problems towards the biodiversity, whether we become selfish or not it’s after-all a matter of survival.

Figure 4.1 - Paintings by Raja Ravi Verma Showing Importance of Animals in Indian Culture and Mythology

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4.3 The City Jaipur: Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. As of 2011, the city had a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country.

Jaipur is also known as the Pink City, due to the dominant color scheme of its buildings. It is located 268 km (167 miles) from the national capital New Delhi.

Jaipur was founded in 1727 by the Rajput ruler Jai Singh II,the ruler of Amer, after whom the city is named. It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya.During the British Colonial period, the city served as the capital of Jaipur State. After independence in 1947, Jaipur was made capital of the newlyformed state of Rajasthan.

Jaipur is a popular tourist destination in India and forms a part of the west Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with Delhi and Agra (240 km, 149 mi). It also serves as a gateway to other tourist destinations in Rajasthan such as Jodhpur (348 km, 216 mi), Jaisalmer (571 km, 355 mi), Udaipur (421 km, 262 mi) & Kota (252 km, 156 mi) On 6 July 2019, UNESCO World Heritage Committee inscribed Jaipur the ‘Pink City of India’ among its World Heritage Sites. The city is also home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Amber Fort and Jantar Mantar.

Figure 4.2 - Elephants used for travel in front og Hawa Mahal, Jaipur Walled City

4.4 Jhalana Wildlife Area : Around 260 leopards in India died in the first six months of 2018 in the last 5 years animal attacks are on the rise in Rajasthan, of which most documented are the leaopard attacks in Udaipur, Khumbhalghar, Mount Abu and the most infamous Jaipur, Jhalana Conservation forest area, located on the eastern fringe of the state capital Jaipur, has also seen a 30% rise in this population of this particular animal. The Jhalana forest boasts of nearly 32 leopards roaming in and out of it’s precincts because of their increase in population these are sent to Amber forest area these areas have many conflicts of wildlife felling of trees, illegal grazing and water conservation problems forcing State Government Ecological Urban Integration - Thesis Project Site

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Synanthropic Coexistence

to Launch Indias first initiative to conserve leopard project apart from leopards Langurs, Hyenas and Wild Dogs with many birds and insects have all seen a decrease in the population it’s also equally important to conserve and increase prey base animals.

Figure 4.3 - Photographs of Jhalana Wildlife area, Thesis Site

Jhalana Reserve Forest and Malviya Nagar Industrial Area, in Ecological development area marked by JDA. Jhalana Reserve Forest surrounded by city urban fabric from all four sides is spread over an area of 21 Sq.km picturesque forest lies in between the range of ancient Aravalli’s provides opportunities for wildlife and biodiversity to bloom in the area. With many Mammals, Reptiles, Birds and Flaura species, and the most Human-Wildlife conflict cases registered in last 5 years makes for an challenging yet opportune site for project.

Site challenges is to built for biodiversity while reducing the building and construction impact on ecology and wildlife while creating awareness, taking care of the forest boundary meeting urban area to minimise human- animal conflict, catchment area including the nearby Aravalli hillock and still having a functional tourist safari.

Figure 4.4 - JDA ‘s Jaipur Development Maps 2010 - 2025

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Figure 4.5 - Jhalana Site, Google Map 2014

Figure 4.6 - Jhalana Site, Google Map 2020

Figure 4.7 - Settlement Map, Jhalana Area

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4.5 Selection Criteria For Urban Project : The thesis project ‘Synanthrope Coexistence’ and The dissertation ‘Designing for Wildlife’ studied architecture intervention which aims to create awareness and biodiversity safe building techniques relies on the fact that the nearby urban area is developed in a way, where in biodiversity & ecological sustainability is taken to consideration. Cities are increasingly recognized as important places for biodiversity conservation, and can harbour a diversity of plant and animal species, including threatened species, understanding this and taking into account the fact the urban development of the cities developed or developing with respect to mean of ‘co-existance’ has to be brought about through architectural planning.

Jaipur is a biodiversity hotspot due to aravelli hills and major catchment of lakes. the Jhalana hills forest area and it’s catchment of the area are disturbed with deforestation and urban encroachment. It’s only fitting the problems to these be tackled on an urban scale while also planning transport, vegetation, circulation & development of this area.

4.6 Objective & Scope At Urban Level : 1. To study the concept of Urban Designs and identify the problems & possible intervention that can be developed.

2. To develop the selected area in terms of connectivity, Urban fabric, hydrology, vegetation and architectural language of the area.

3. To re-green, improve & implement the design strategy in terms of biodiversity & ecological sustainability of the urban area for conservation of flaura & fauna such that it support ‘Synanthropic coexistence’ Slope, vegetation, and wildlife analysis of Jhalana Hill and surrounding area. Finding a solution for all the encroached areas and proposing a shift of such places. Creating a green grid network and network of road with more room for walking, cycling and urban transport.Providing spaces for animals along the urban areas and animal corridors.

4.7 Site Analysis at Macro Level : Coordinates : Latitude -26.853786

Longitude -75.834160

Figure 4.8 - Google Maps showing Distance from Airport, Railway Station, Bus station to The Site

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Climate Analysis : The temperature are extreme according to seasons with maximum temperature reaching 45*C in summers and as low as 0*C in winter nights. The air still remains dry most of the year except for July and August where in due to precipitation the relative humidity rises and the temperature drop it’s significant enough to provide optimal comfort. The wind direction is usually N-W to S-E, however due to the fact that site for the project is situated in the valley of hills the wend turn n site towards south.

Figure 4.9 - Average Temperatures Hot & Cold Chart

Figure 4.10 - Maximum temperatures Diagram

The “mean daily maximum” (solid red line) shows the maximum temperature of an average day for every month for Jaipur. Likewise, “mean daily minimum” (solid blue line) shows the average minimum temperature. Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month. The maximum temperature diagram for Jaipur displays how many days per month reach certain temperatures

Figure 4.11 - Average temperatures & Precipitation Chart

Figure 4.12 - Precipitation Amounts Diagram

The precipitation chart is useful to plan for seasonal effects such as monsoon climate in India or wet season in Africa. Monthly precipitations above 150mm are mostly wet, below 30mm mostly dry.

The precipitation diagram for Jaipur shows on how many days per month, certain precipitation amounts are reached.

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Figure 4.14 - Average Temperatures Wind Speeds Diagram

Figure 4.13 - Wind Rose Chart

Figure 4.15 - Wind Speed Diagram

The diagram for Jaipur shows the days per month, during which the wind reaching a certain speed.

The wind blowing from the indicated direction. Example SW: Wind is blowing from SouthWest (SW) to North-East (NE).

Optimal Comfort Temperatures ON Psychorometric Chart

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Urban Built Analysis : Fine Grain & Fine Texture

Jaipur City

Course Grain & Fine Texture

Vidhyadhar Nagar

Jaipur city has morphed it’s self over the years of Urban Expansion.

Spaces have changed in there functionality, expanded and contracted which can be clearly seen through figure ground maps showing different areas in city with varying texture and profiles..

Also, No urban expansion on the Aravalli hills which retain the biodiversity of Jaipur Region.

Course Grain & FIne Texture

Mansarovar

Course Grain & Curse Texture

Rajapark

Fine Grain & Course Texture

Malviya Nagar

Course Grain & Fine TExture

Jagatpura Figure 4.16 - Urban Sprawl of Jaipur City & Recessment of Forest Area

Figure 4.17 - Urban Texture Around Thesis Site

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Urban Sprawl Analysis :

Jaipu

r - Wa

Figure 4.18 - Water Structures & Catchment Zones

lled C

ity

Figure 4.19 - Planned Gren Areas & Forest Zones

Sub A rteria

l Road

Jhalan Forest Area

Coll

ecto

ilw Ra

ads

Access Road SITE

e Lin ay

Figure 4.20 - Transport and Road Network

r Ro

oad

R Arterial

Jhalana Catchment

Airport Figure 4.21 - Topography

Figure 4.22 -Combined Urban Analysis Map

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4.8 Site Analysis at Micro Level : New Transport Network

Gate - Bus Stops Road - Industries

Green Grid & Corridors

Figure 4.20 - Water Structures & Catchment Zones

Public & Wildlife interaction

Gardens

Figure 4.19 - Planned Gren Areas & Forest Zones

Tolerable Animals

Animal Entry Points

Water Catchment Area

Water - Trench

Figure 4.20 - Transport and Road Network

Market with Shuttles

Eco-tour Junction

Figure 4.21 - Topography

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Synanthropic Coexistence

4.9 - SCOPE OF THE PROJECT AT URBAN LEVEL :

Major Node Major Node - Congestion Minor Node Minor Node - Congestion Green Area Potential Green Area & Grid Wild Animal Zones Potential Water Drainage

1 KM

Synanthropic Coexistence

4.10 - URBAN DESIGN PLANNING : Biodiverse Design TEchniques Biodiverse Design Techniques Biodiverse Design Techniques Biodiverse Design Techniques Biodiverse Design Techniques Biodiverse Design Techniques

Bat Louvers Bird Gutters

The Green grid is designed surrounding to the nearby urban sprawl to thus creating opportunities for all the animal from the ecological area to interact with the buildings while access is given to the institute with the zoning of the building, this also insures the animal corridors are retained along with the green grid. All the animals in the area are studies on graph according to their interaction around the selected site, on different levels.

Bat/Bird/BeeBrick Bat/Bird/BeeBrick

Biodiversity Urban Layout & Concept Transformation :

Catchment Drainage S-W Towards Lepord Safari

Barriers

Towards NH / Main Road Way Towards Temple

Bus Stops - New Bus Route for Working class people and sudents Green Grid & Gardens - Along and in between Buildings adopted

Trenches

Public Garden - Biodiversity friendly mandatory pause point for vehicle Water Drainage DAM - Reintegrating Nntural catchment drainage system Wild Animal Entry Points - Segregates Dangerous & Synanthropic Animals Check Post - for any unauthorised vehicles apart from E-Shuttles

SCALE 1:1250 0 25

4.10 - URBAN DESIGN PLANNING :

Towards Temple & Safari Ecological Zones

Open Bundries

Urban Volume Layout & Concept Transformation :

Green Plantig

Biodiverse Building Techniques Biodiverse Building Techniques Biodiverse Building Techniques Biodiverse Urban Techniques

Animal Spaces Extended Gardens

Towards NH / Main Road

Synanthropic Coexistence

Biodiverse Urban Techniques

Green Greed

0 25

Bio-Suburbia

Biodiverse Urban Techniques

SCALE 1:1250

Synanthropic Coexistence

Biodiversity Urban Lighting

Flood light

Biodiversity Urban Lighting

Directed Lighting Ourdoor lighting Outrood Lighting

Section & Plan of Entry Road Towards Institute

Section & Plan of Entry Road Towards Wildlife Area

Carriage Way

Side Walk

Biodiversity Urban Lighting

Khej Bicycle Lane

Planting/Tree Lane Animal Corridor & Drain Urban Furniture

Babool

Biodiversity Urban Lighting

Access

Street Light Building Profile Tradational Bird Feeders on Streets

Biodiversity Urban Lighting

Yellow Lighting

Biodiversity Urban Lighting

White Lighting

Smart Street Lights on Streets

Neem

WASHROOMS

PARK R

-TOU ECO UR

TO TT LE S

Animal Friendly Windows

Collision

S

HU

ES

DECK ALONG

GARDEN

Animal Friendly Windows

Textured Glass

OW

W

N

TOUR START

Animal Friendly Windows

Vegetation

ENTRY

DE AR

G

ER

FLO

G

Animal Friendly Windows

G

IN RK

PA T S UE

Collision

MED

4.11 Implementation Of Urban Strategies :

SOUVENIR STORE

Synanthropic Coexistence

Animal Friendly Windows

Animal Friendly Windows

UV-Lighting Flood Screen UV-Lighg

CHAPTER - V

Synanthropical Coexisting Design Thesis Project Conecpt & Design Scheme

“Wildlife Institute“ - Visitors point of View

Synanthropic Coexistence

5.1 Conceptual Illustrations :

Figure 5.1 - SIte, Boundry 398 Above Sea LVL.= 0 M - NGL

399 398

394 393

397 396

393

394

400

395

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401

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397

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Figure 5.2 - SIte Countour Topography 90 12

62 60 172

189

308 94

71 99

Pre-Design Conceptual Sketches

76

73

Figure 5.3 - Site Dimensions

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5.2 Site Zoaning Diagrams :

Towards Main Road

Visitor Parking

Towards Wildlife Area

Institute Parking

Towards Temple Area

Figure 5.5 - Access : Parking Zones

Museum Building Zone

Institute Building Zone

Green Zones

Figure 5.6 - Access : Building Zones

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Animal Zones

Hostel Building Zone

Axia

l Co

nne

ctiv

ity

Aquatic Zones

Amphibian Zones

Figure 5.7 - Access : Circulation & Connectivity

Drainage from Aravelli Hills Hostel Building Zone

Entry Gateways

Clogging Problem

Site Drainage

Catchment Area Bio Swale

Water Pond

Figure 5.8 - Climate : Water Drainage & Excavation

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Water Dam

Winter Winds

Dam

Summer Sinds

Figure 5.9 - Climate : Wind Analysis

Evening’s 20:00 Cold - Shade

Afternoon 12:00 - Hot

Water on site from Drain

Morning’s 08:00 - Shaded by hills

Bio Dome

Figure 5.10 - Climate : Sun Path & Sciography Analysis

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Cycle Parking Pergoal & PV Cover

Water Tower

Wind Tower

Water Recycling

Smart Animal Friendly Light

Botanical Gardens

Figure 5.11 - Building : Mechanical Hybrid Towers & Ecologically Balanced Building Techniques

Figure 5.12 - Buildings : Green Grid Animal Habitat & Biologically Balance Building Techniques

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Figure 5.13 - Zoaning 3d Model

Figure 5.14 - Zoaning Model Images

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Synanthropic Coexistence

5.3 Architectural Presentation Drawings :

0

0 1

8 10

1- Bus Paking 7

2 - Institute 4

9

3 - Hostel - Lower Level 4 - Animal Gardens

2

5 - Botanical Gardens 6 - Pond (Duck) Island 5

7 - Museum base Level 8 - Cafe’

11

3

9 - Open Air Theatre 6

10 - Workshop Area 11 - Sports Ground

Figure 5.15 - Urban Site Plan - 1:1000

Synanthropic Coexistence

Figure 5.16 - Site Section, All Buildings _1:250

0

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Figure 5.17 - Cut at lvl, -396M from Sea/ lvL, -4 M from Road. 1:500

3

6

Figure 5.18 - Cut at lvl, -399M from Sea/ lvL, -1 M from Road. 1:500

Synanthropic Coexistence

Figure 5.19 - Site Plan. 1:500

Synanthropic Coexistence

399 398

394 393

397 396

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Bus Parking try

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lic

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Khejri Tree - Less water, Evergreen Common name: Jammi, Ghaf Botanical name: Prosopis cineraria Family: Fabaceae Hindi name: Khejri Height - 3–5 meters Foliage - 10-15 meters

ta

in

in

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all

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Nerium Oleander Common name: Oleander, Milk bush Botanical name: Nerium Oleander & Cascabela Thevetia (Thevetia peruviana) Family: Apocynaceae Hindi name: Kaner

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eption

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Combretum indicum Common name: Rangoon creeper, Burma creeper, Chinese honeysuckle Botanical name: Quisqualis indica Family: combretaceae Hindi name: Madhumati

Shrubs & Flowing Plants Around Buildings

Dow

Wash

ol Room

Contr

oun

Acc ty Room

n

D

Dean

ple

Office

RGR

Trees Around Parking lot and Site

Sur

Office

Pos

Indian lilac - Evergreen Common name: Neem Botanical name: Azadirachta indica Family: Meliaceae Hindi name: Neem Height - 15–20 metres Foliage - 20–25 metres

Rabbit Garden Area

Ecology Part

393 st

ore oo F

b

392

t Seat Gues

ing

Din ing

t Seat Gues

SelfTea/ servi Coffe ng e/Mi lk

R Drain

SelfTea/ servi Coffe ng e/Mi lk

SelfTea/ servi Coffe ng e/Mi lk

Seat ing

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Indian magnolia - Evergreen Common name: Mango Tree Botanical name: Mangifera indica Family: Anacardiaceae Hindi name: Aam, Keri Height - 30 meters Foliage - 30-40 meters

Champa Common name: Frangipani Botanical name: Plumeria, Magnolia champaca Family: Apocynaceae Hindi name: Champa

401

390 400 399 398

397

ow

Fl ver

O

396 395

P

ST

Botanical name: Catharanthus roseus Common name: periwinkle Family: Apocynaceae Hindi name: Baramasi

Golden Duranta Common name: Golden dewdrop Botanical name: Duranta repens Family name: Verbanaceae Hindi name: Nilakantha (sky flower)

394 393

392

391

390

Figure 5.20 - Site Plantation Plan _ 1:1000

Synanthropic Coexistence

Figure 5.21 - Site Section Y-Y

Figure 5.22 - Site Section X-X

Synanthropic Coexistence

Site View Without Vegetation

Site View WithVegetation

Figure 5.23 - View Towards Aravelli Hills

Figure 5.24 - View Towards Jhalana Industrial Area

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Wind Tower : Ecologically Balanced Design Structure Photovoltaic cell panel top Fan to direct wind

Loovers with net for air flow Interior loovers with water sprying Local mud tops to retain water

AHU Unit

Bird bricks with Handing plantations Underneath garden for dripping water

Fig.5.25 - Exploded View Air Tower

+ 18 M + 17 M + 15 M

+7M

+4M

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Wind Tower : biodiversity Balanced Design Structure Over head water tank

Wet hanging plantation for Insects & Bees Viewing platfrom Staircase along the service core Vertical Plantation

Concrete external structure with bird nests Plantation Undergound water tank (Harvesting/Fire)

Fig.5.25 - Exploded View Water Tower

+16M +15 M

+13 M

+10 M

+4M

398 Above Sea LVL.= 0 M - NGL

-5M

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Wildlife & Forest Institute Buildings : Concept & Design

Wind-Tower HVAC for Institute

Accessable Green Roof

Coutouts for Courtyard

Institute Slab with Bitumen Layer

Concrete Fins along Ramp+ PLanting

Pause Points at Ramp AV HALL Building Blocks Institute Central Recess Area Classrooms Building Bocks Green Wall for Arial Animals

Central Access - Back Entry

Fig.5.27 - Exploded View Institute n

Dow

n

Dow

OAT

Control Room

Control Room

ing

Wall

Retain

g Wall

Retainin

Animal

Planting

Drain

Planting

+ Peon

Ass. Dean

/ Geology Labs Soil Research

Research

Store Herb

Planting

Insect

Glass

Dean

or of

Biology

ing

TYPE

SEATIN?

Science

Sittings

Planting

Office

Retaining

Wall

AND MUSEUM ROOM TEACHERS Sittings

Room

Lab

Sittings

D

WAll

Wall

Dean

Faculty

Planting

Bachelor Drain

of Biology

Conservation

Science

Planting

Planting Planting

Planting

Planting

Planting

Green

AND ROOM MUSEUM TEACHERS

ND

UP

in Wildlife

Micro

Wall

Stone

Planting

Planting

Drain

Lab

Science

UP

Organism

UP

AND ROOM MUSEUM TEACHERS

UP

Environmental Lab Studies

n

Ass.

Office

Planting

Planting

Planting

Room

Sittings Drain

+ Peon

Glass

Planting

hers

Courses

Green

Fossil

UP

Dow - Stone

OAT

Pantry

office

Dean Drain

Research

/ Geology Labs Soil Research

Planting

Masters Area Sittings Institute

Wall

Dow

ute

Instit

Room

Lab Animal

Researc

Herbarium

Planting

s

Retain

Principle

Coolers

Research

Research

Scienc

Green

partition

ROOM SPORT/GYM

Research

Lab Herb

Store Herb

F - wash

OUN

ND

te Course

ROU

Gradua

Planting

Planting

Wildlife

Lab

n

Dow Drain

Green

Conservation

Room

Activity

Wash

e

s in

Master

ore Teachers/St

Coolers

Planting

Drain

Water

Lab Insect

M-

Graduate

Post

Organism

Planting

Water

Up

Sittings

Sittings

arch

Rese

Post

ERG

Lab Micro

- Stone

Lockers

Concrete

n

Dow

Planting

Janitors

?

Glass M - WAsh

partition

al Lab Environment Studies

Scienc

Bachel

Planting

Planting

M - Medical Room F - Medical Room

F - wash

s

Room

Drain Planting

Planting

Lockers

Sittings

Sittings

n

Teachers/St

e

Faculty

Planting

Statue

Room

ERGR

UND

chers

Resear Herbarium

s

Up

Receptio

Planting

Admi

ore

Office

Statue

Planting

Sittings

Sittings

n

orium

Audit

Glass Concrete

n

Library Receptio Waiting

Store

UND

Research

$$

n

Waiting

cooler

Office

Planting

Research

Lab Herb

Planting

Lab

Research

wash

Water

of Wildlife

Sittings

Pantry office

Loover

Wash

F-

Scienc

e

Sittings

Coolers

Principle

Services Back-end

Lab

Loover

Glass

ns

M-

Wildlife

Water

Drain

Glass Loover

te partitio

or of

Wash

Concre

Bachel

ERG UND

Planting

Up

Offices Loover

M-

WAiting

Up

s

Account

Drain

Wall

wash

arch

Rese

Pond

CASH

ing

F-

in

Adm

Lily

Planting

nce

Surveilla

ROU ERG

Lockers

Lockers

Backstage

Planting

ND

g

Waitin

Room

Retain

ND ROU

In

ROOM SPORT/GYM

Activity

Sittings

Room

Library

Offices

ROU ERG

Up Planting

ND

cooler

Planting

Library

office

Bachelor

Room

Recep

ion

Recept

Accou

ROU

Water

r

Director Trustee

UND

Loover Janitors

tion

Library

n

Glass

Drain

Medica

nts

Dow

Loover Loover

l Room

Glass

Pond

Cashie

AV Hall Digital

HR

Retainin

te stitu

ERG UND

Glass

Lily

Glass

UND

Up

Planting

g

n

Dow

g WAll

Loover

Sittings

Waitin

ND ROU

Library

g

Waitin

m

toriu

Audi

Planting

Room

Planting

llance

Survei

Store

Backstage

Truste r office

Directo

ERG

Room

e

WAll

UND

ND ROU

ERG

UND

AV Hall Library

Digital

HR ing

Retain

WAll

Drain

Stone Drain

Drain

Fig.5.28 - Institute Conceptual Drawings + 18 M

+ 11 M

0M -4M

Fig.5.29 - Institute Central Section

Synanthropical Coexisting Design - Thesis Project & Design Scheme

Page

63

Synanthropic Coexistence

SCALE - 1:200 0

5

10

20

30

40

Figure 5.30 - Institute Building Plan

Synanthropic Coexistence

Sections, Structure & Details

398 Above Sea LVL.= 0 M - NGL

White Champa, The Plumeria Alba Planted in Admin block with Fountain

+ 3.5 M

+0M - 1.5 M

- 5.4 M - 7.5 M

Figure 5.31 - SECTION - 5 , Admin Block & Auditorium Block

Dasi Badam, Terminalia catappa Frutitining tree for Birds Parrots

+0M

NGL

- 1.5 M

- 5.4 M -6M

Figure 5.32 - SECTION - 4 , Research & Institute Block

D

LEVEL LETNIL

DEXIF LENAP EDISNI

EDISTUO

006

SSALG SREVUOL )EPYT DEXIF (

DNAB LLIS

1

LEVEL LLIS EMARF .ULA REP SA NOITACIFICEPS D

4

Bird/Bat Brick OR Opening on Building Facasde for Netsting & Breeding 0081

Bird/Bat Brick OR Opening on Building Facasde for Netsting & Breeding

4 DD TA NOITCES EDISTUO

009

)009 X 006( ROTALITNEV MUINIMULA

5

5

+ 3.5 M

EDISNI

1VA

-1MM +0M -4M + 4.5 M

1

Key Plan

Figure 5.33 - SECTION - 1 , Admin & Research Block

Synanthropic Coexistence

Sparrows Nesting & Bathing Eve in Pausepoints along with BogenVillea plants - Sarah G.

Platforms in High Paces For Kits & Eagles,

Statue - Leopard Hunting GIB bird, Central Court Institute.

+ 18 M

+ 3.5 M

+0M - 1.5 M

- 5.4 M

Figure 5.34 - SECTION - 2 , Central Acess Foyer, WInd Tower & Institute Block

+ 10 M Courtyards with Floral plantation, Helps with metamorphosis in Insects

2

3 + 3.5 M

+0M - 1.5 M

- 5.4 M

- 7.5 M

Figure 5.33 - SECTION - 3 , Institute Block & Auditorium

2

3

Key Plan

+ 3.5 M + 1.5 M 0M

- 5.4 M

West ELEVATION , Institute Block

W

Control Room

Admin Research Water Cooler

Sittings

Sittings

SCALE - 1:200 E

0

5

10

20

30

40

+ 18 M

+ 1.5 M 0M

East ELEVATION , Institute Block

Synanthropic Coexistence

Synanthropic Coexistence

Animal & Wildlife History Museum Buildings : Concept & Design

Bio-Dome

Wind Catching Louvers Green Roof

First Floor : Exhibitions

UV Filtered Window Glass

Herbarium : Museum

Admin Area Animal Natural History : Museum Central Recess Area

Bird/Bat Brick Wall Live Museum Soft-Scape Walk.

Live Animal Museum & Charity

Fig.5.37 - Exploded View Animal History Museum

Fig.5.38 - Live Animal Museum View

Synanthropical Coexisting Design - Thesis Project & Design Scheme

Page

68

Synanthropic Coexistence

0

2.5

Figure 5.38 - Museum Building Plan

Synanthropic Coexistence

Sections, Structure, & Details 7

Animal Garden Part of live Museum, Synanthrope & Wild animals.

+ 9.75 M

+ 6.5 M

+ 3.5 M

6

6

+ 1.25 M 0M -1M

-4M

Figure 5.39 - SECTION - 6 , Museum Animal History

0

W

7

2.5

E Louvered Toweres act as wind catchers & Light wells

+ 9.75 M

+ 6.5 M + 3.5 M

0M - 1M

Figure 5.40 - SECTION - 7 , Museum Block Section Herbarium & Animal History part

0

UV Refelected Coated Window Glass with lighting Filter, Animal Friendly + 13.5 M

2.5

+ 13.5 M + 9.75 M

+ 9.75 M

+ 3.5 M 0M

+ 3.5 M

+4M

Figure 5.41 - West ELEVATION , Admin Block & Auditorium Block

W

E

Figure 5.42 - East ELEVATION , Admin Block & Auditorium Block

Synanthropic Coexistence

Hostel Building - Concept & Design Wind-Tower HVAC for Hostel

Accessable Green Roof Hostel Green Roof with Medows Dining

Dorm rooms

Compost Pits Kitchen Dining Area Central Access

Common Area Hostel Backend GArden Central Recess Area

Vegetable Plantation

Fig.5.43 - Exploded View Hostel

+ 18 M

8 Nesting Niche cutout on slab in buildings above groud

+ 4.5 M + 3.8 M + 3.6 M + 2.5 M 0 M - NGL - 0.75 M -2M

-6M

8

Key Plan

Figure 5.44 - SECTION - 8 , Dinning & Hostel Block

Synanthropic Coexistence

Figure 5.33 - Hostel Building Plan

Synanthropic Coexistence

Sections, Structure, & Details + 18 M

Agriculture Plants. Vegetable & Fruits Sustaining Ecology and Animals

+ 4.5 M +3.8 M -4M 0 M - NGL - 0.75 M -4M

Figure 5.45 - North ELEVATION , Hostel & Dinning Area + Urban Agriculture Garden

+ 18 M

Java Plum - Syzygium cumin, Fruiting tree for animals and social interection.

+ 3.8 M + 2.5 M 0 M - NGL - 0.75 M

-4M -5M

Figure 5.46 - Section - 9, Comman Areas in Hostel Block

Figure 5.47 - Section - 10 , Dormitories in Hostel Block

+ 18 M

10

Bird Brick, Animal spaces. Placed on the eastern facade towards Jhalana hills.

Animal Niches between Floor slab and Wardrome Extruded on external facade

+ 3.8 M

9

9

11

11

E

E

+ 2.5 M 0 M - NGL - 0.75 M

-4M

10

Key Plan

-5M

Figure 5.48 - East ELEVATION, Hostel Block Back Entry

Figure 5.49 - Section - 11 , Hostel Block Femal & Male Dorms

Cafe’teria Building - Concept and Design Accessable Green Roof

Double Layered Slab

Retaining Walls

Animal Care & Workshop

Kitchen

Canteen Cafe’ Self Serving Platform

Outdoor Seatings Indoor Seatings

Water ower Viewing Platform

Water Harvesting+Fire Tank

Fig.5.50 - Exploded View Cafeteria

Fig.5.51 - Cafeteria View

Synanthropic Coexistence

Structure, Sections & Details

12

X

785

SG2

785 1800 3370

GLAZING-PLAN (3370 X 3600)

Figure 52. - SECTION - 12 , Kitchen, Canteen and Cafe block

X X

785

BEAM

1800

3600 2400

2400

4500

X

SG2

GLAZING-ELEVATION (3370 X 3600)

SG2

GLAZING-SECTION XX

2400

3600

1200

1200 4500 2400

3600

13

1200

1200

785

X

4500

785

GLAZING-PLAN (3370 X 3600)

X

3370

3600

1800

BEAM

785

X

SG2

785 1800 3370

3370

4500

785

13 X

SG2

GLAZING-ELEVATION (3370 X 3600)

Nesting Niche on slab inXXbuildings GLAZING-SECTION SG2cutout above groud

+4M + 3.5 M + 2.5 M

0 M - NGL - 0.75M

Figure 53. - SECTION - 13 , Cafe’ & Sittings

+4M + 3.5 M

0 M - NGL

12

Figure 54. - Cafeteria & Canteen Plan

CHAPTER - VI

MECHANICAL SERVICES Biodiversity, Sustainability & Mechanical Requirment

“TOWERS”

Synanthropic Coexistence

6.1 Mechanical Services : Criteria of Selection : Sustainable and resilient Architectural systems is needed for growing human population & Their demands. However, the current architecture and building construction intensification and their practices which produces maximum spaces, commercialisation and comfort has also resulted in a loss of biodiversity, ecological function, and critical ecosystem.

Cities which house 40% of the total world population built in concrete jungle buildings contributing in 40% of total ecological footprint, all functioning with mechanical services which are indirectly responsible for the disturbance in Ecosystem diversity, Genetic diversity & Biodiversity sustains all life on Earth.

Thus, it is under architects domain to plan not only the cities, buildings & structures but also the details of planning and designing aspects of all services, including mechanical services to provide human comfort while saving biodiversity and being ecologically sustainable.

Designing mechanical services under the head; HVAC, Lighting, Electricity, Water etc. related in such a way as to minimise the consumption of natural resources and finding innovative way to implement them in the Thesis ‘Synanthrope Coexistence’ revolving around Institute, Museum & Hostel spaces & facilities

Aim of The Report : To protect the rich biodiversity in Rajasthan region by selecting appropriate Mechanical Services in Institute, Museum & Hostel buildings to support the site between forest and urban area.

The report ‘Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical System’ will explore in detail services used in the Thesis with respect to reducing ecological footprint.

Need of Mechanical Services : The project aims at creating an institute campus near a wildlife protected area, While it will be creative way to resolve Human-Animal conflict, providing Wildlife-Management courses for students. The field near such a protected area selected was Jhalana, Rajasthan one of the hottest states on The earth. Thus creating a challenge for mechanical services to provide comfort to used while still employing means which are ecologically sensitive.

Scope of The Report : The Report will be limited to preparation of broad services scheme and not detailed drawings. The preperation of detailed drawings of selected important spaces and services only may be prepared if required. The Area calculation for Mechinical designs will be limited to only the area for which the drawings will be prepared for.

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

Page

77

Synanthropic Coexistence

Objectives : 1. To conduct site study and analyse for the mechanical service required - Site & Location - Climate & Temperature - Wind and Inferences

2. To study the design and spaces on site with respect to adopted mechanical service.

- Concept of design - Area analysis of design - Theoretical data analysis & specifications

3. Comparative Analysis - To compare different mechanical services with respect to adopted one - To analysis the pros and cons

4. To conclude with providing analysis of data with architectural schemes - Drawings

6.2 Site & Climate Analysis For Services :

Figure 6.1 - Jhalana Reserve Forest Site Selected for Institute - Google Earth

Figure 6.2 - Climate Analysis - Refer to Chapter III

Since Site is in Rajasthan region the air is usually hot and dry, the site in Jaipur features a Hot & Moderate climate throughout the year, However it gets extreme cold during Winter season. Advantages of Site is near a forest area the micro climate here is cooler than nearby surroundings, still poses a definite need of Hybrid cooling system and a water heating system. however, both these systems need to be such that their carbon footprint is minimal.

Due to the site climate temperate and mostly warm, Annual temperatures range between 42 and 35 °C. From June to September a cooling system should be adopted out of HVAC systems.

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

Page

78

Synanthropic Coexistence

Low relative humidity levels and mostly dry air of Jaipur demands for a cooling system that humidifies the air to provide optimal comfort in desert regions of moderate climate, Where only two months of June & July are moderately humid causing discomfort due to S-W monsoons that brings heavy rainfall in the region.

On site climate is such that the latnet heat load is lower that sensiable heat loads is eisear to attain. Implying that less energy is required to convert water into vapour reletavely cooling the air temperatures rather easily.

Since RH levels are low Evoporative cooling menthods are sutiable for the project.

Possibilities of water cooled Chilled water Centralised AC systems Possiablilities of Centrilised AC system, Air or water colled chiller systems of AC to provide confort are present however since the project demands for low carbon footprint and emission of gasses this should be ruled out.

Posiability of hybrid evoporative cooling system of a large scale can be adopted.

System Adopted : Evaporative cooling system to be adopted. Cooling outdoor units or Air tower with fan a sprinkling water system of structure are two options that can be adopted with the design criteria of the site.

This simple, yet most efficient, law of nature has been used by humans for comfort cooling systems since the days of ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire. Famous examples of evaporative cooling in the past are from Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy’s work where he used porous earthen pots filled with water in vertical shafts that had one opening facing the winds on the outside and the other near floor level. Indigenous uses of this strategy appear in Persian gardens, where water wassprayed from fountains to evaporatively cool the air. Also seen in Amber Palace with Clay pipes over Chattri’s sprinkling water.

Figure 6.3- Eveporative Cooling

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

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79

Synanthropic Coexistence

6.3 Design Analysis For Services Area Anasysis and Heat Load Calculation : HEAT LOAD CALCULATION Pre Requisite Data: Heat Load (BTU) = 148 Sqm = 32,000 BTU 1 Sqm = 216.2 BTU Occupant BTU = nubmer of people x 600 For heavily shaded = Reduce 10% Capacity Spaces

Total Occ. Area.

Heat Load/SQM

Occ. Load Heat Load BTU BTU

Total Load

INSTITUTE Faculty Room

60

16

9000

12972

21972

Principal Room

30

4

2400

6486

8886

Dean Office

30

4

2400

6486

8886

Office+Surveillance Reception+Waiting Directors Office

90

18

10800

19468

30258

100

20

12000

19458

30258

30

4

2400

6486

8886

Conference

30

16

9600

6486

16086

AV HALL

300

100

60000

64860

124860

Liberary

110

30

18000

29782

47782

Masters in Widlife x2 Bachelors of Wildlife Soil/ Geology Lab Animal & Insect Lab Plant Research Lab

70

48

70

48

20

3

Not conditioned Not conditioned 1800

Not conditioned Not conditioned 4324

Not conditioned Not conditioned 6124

40

10

6000

8648

14648

15

4

2400

3243

5643

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

Page

80

Synanthropic Coexistence

Herb Research Store PG courses x2

15

4

2400

3243

5643

70

48

Research Room x2 Bachelors og Biology

80

28

70

48

Not conditioned Not conditioned Not conditioned

Not conditioned Not conditioned Not conditioned

Not conditioned Not conditioned Not conditioned 317208

Spaces

TOTAL

Total BTU

Solar Adjustments

Final BTU

INSTITUTE Faculty Room

21972

-10%

19774.8

Principal Office

8886

-10%

7997.4

Dean Office

8886

-10%

7997.4

Office + Surveillance

30258

-10%

27232.2

Repection + Waiting

33620

-10%

30258

Director Office

8886

-10%

7997.4

AV HALL

124860

-10%

112374

Liberary

47782

-10%

43003.8

Soil/Geology Research Lab

6124

-10%

5511.6

Animal & INsect Research Lab

14648

-10%

13183.2

Plant research lab

5643

-10%

5078.7

Herb Research Lab

5643

-10%

5078.7

Total

285487.2

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

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81

Synanthropic Coexistence

Fire Safety Privisions : System Requirement Fire extinguisher

Required

First aid hose reel

Required

Wet Riser

Not Required

Down Corner Not

Not Required

Yard Hydrant

Not Required

Automatic Sprinkler system

Required

Manually operated electronic fire alarm system

Required

Automatic Detection and alarm system

Required

Water supply ( liters) Under Ground Static water storage under 120000 / 120 M3 water tower combined with prinklers per set of pump (Harvesting) Over Head Water Tank for on water tower 60000 / 60 M3 Max Capasity & 58000 / 58 for all other purposes (Single Tank) M3 (Overflow)

Pump Capacity ( liter/min )

Pump at Gaurd room for underground static water storage tank (fire pump) with minimum pressure of 3.5kg/sq.cm. at furthest location (only in case of Fire)

Diesel pump: 1620 liter/min Electric pump capacity: 180 liter/min

Evaporative Cooling Tower Case :

The site slopes downwards from North-West to South-East and also the Winds travel in the same direction till the site and move towards South the site is in a valley near a catchment area.

Therefore there needs to be placement for two towers one Water Tower and second a Wind Tower.

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Cooling Towers & Design :

Warm outdoor fresh air

SOLAR POWERED FAN

WATER MISTING Humidification of Air

AHU UNIT Excess water drain

PLANTATION AIR DIFFUSERS THROUGH DUCTS Water drain

Exhaust

INDOOR SPACES

SHAFTS & TOILETS

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

Page

83

Synanthropic Coexistence

Hybrid Evoporative Cooling Tower :

Figure 6.4 - Institute Building with Hybrid Wind Tower

PV Cells

Photovoltaic Panels on top of tower to store solar energy and used to power the fan during operating hours of the institute. Morning - Evening

Industrial Fan

Industrial Fan at higher level of tower directing the wing in the funnel shape of the towe.

+

+

Mist Jets

Louvers in the direction of prevalling winds control and direct local dry air into the tower.

Jets located at higher level of tower to humidify teh air and make it cooler. it’s an evoroprative cooling device.

Local earthen pots placed alongise interior wall of tower after misting to retain water and further reduce temperature

AIR HANDLING UNIT

Ducting & Air Diffusers

-

-

Ducting (with/without) AHU to direct controlled air into required spaces with air diffusers to control the flow of air with grill.

Excess Water Drain

Excess Water Drain

Evaporative cooling AHU (can be) placed to direct the air further towards into the duct according to usage demand in different spaces.

Figure 6.5 - Illistration, Institute Building Hybrid Wind Tower Functioning

Biodiversity Aided Sustainable Mechanical Systems

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84

Synanthropic Coexistence

6.4 - Mechanical Design Drawins

Wind Towers - AHU UNITS Water Tower & UGWT Fire EXITS Supply Air Duct Sub-Supply Duct Air Diffusers - Casette Units

Figure 6.6 - HVAC & Services Layout Site Plan

Synanthropic Coexistence

SCALE - 1:200 0

5

10

20

30

40

Figure 6.7 - HVAC Layout Institute Building Ground Floor Plan

399 398

397 396

394 393

399 398

397 396

394 393

Synanthropic Coexistence

WT UH UG

, nk

WT

Seco

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ndar

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394

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393

&

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393

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ndar

400

Seco

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ndar

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y Circ

400

ard

uit Bo

ard

Secondary Circuit Board

Secondary Circuit Board

Seco

ndar

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r Su

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rcui

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393

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Seco

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Seco

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392

rity

ndar

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s, S

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tP 391

390

10 Figure 6.8 - Site Electrical Layout Plan

SCALE BAR 1:500 Supply - HT Incoming Wire

0

Transformer

10

50

Supp

100

ipe

- To

war

ds

Fem

ale

400 399 398

397

396 395

390 Dor

ms

394 393

392

391

0 10 Figure 6.10 - Site Drainage & Pipeline Layout plan

390

ire

392

0

ater

SCALE BAR 1:500

ly W

393

pp

394

Su

396 395

Lig h

397

yW

ly P

390

Sm art

400 399 398

0

10

50

Water Supply line - Washing/Flushing

Main Wire Line

Drainage line - Institute

Electric Panel

Appliance/Device

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DG

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Secondary Supply Wire

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Switch Board

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Sw

Circuit Board

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HT

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Main Circuit Board

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HT Switch

Main Water Supply - Water Tank 100 Secondary Pipeline

DG Set

HT

401

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Figure 6.9- Electrical Services with Design Engine / HT Switch and Supply Wires

Figure 6.11 - Water Drainage layout in Institue - Shaft for HVAC

Synanthropic Coexistence

SCALE - 1:200 0

5

10

20

30

40

Figure 6.12 - Fire Safety Services Layout Institute Building Ground Floor Plan

Synanthropic Coexistence

SCALE - 1:200 0

5

10

20

30

40

Figure 6.13 - Electronical Services Layout Institute Building Ground Floor Plan

+100 always

+75 usually

+50 sometimes

+25 seldom

-25 seldom

-50 sometimes

-75 usually

-100 always Destroyes pure air

Creates pure air

Pollutes pure water

Creates pure water

Wastes rain water

Stores rain water

Produces no food

Produces its own food

Destroyes rich soil

Creates rich soil

Wastes solar energy

Uses solar energy

Stores no solar energy

Stores solar energy

disrupts Silence

Creates Silence

Dumps it’s own waste

Consumes it’s own waste

Needs cleaning & repair

Maintains itself

Disregards nature’s cycle

Matches nature’s cycle

Destroyes Wildlife Habitat

Provides Wildlife Habitat

Destroyes human habitat

Provides human habitat

intensifies local weather

Modarates local weather

Is ugly

Is beautiful Negative Score

Positive Score

+ 75

+ 725 Final

+ 650 Synanthrope Coexistence 2020 - Thesis Visualization https://youtu.be/xI8nx2tW2i8

GLOSSARY OF TERMS Wildlife : Wild animals collectively; the native fauna (and sometimes flora) of a region.

Wild : to live or grow in the natural environment, refers to plants and animals that are neither domesticated nor cultivated; uncontrolled, uninhibited actions a natural region, unaltered by human intervention Conservation : The protection of natural environment. In broad sense it means the wise use and management of all resources, life, or habitat both natural and man-mad carefully planning them for our future need.

Preservation : The act of keeping something in it’s original state or in a good condition.

Ecology : Relation of all living organism to each other and their environment to understand ecosystem, special technique, qualitative and quantitative.

Ecosystem : All the plans and living creatures in a particular area are considered in their physical environment.

Ecological Footprint : The impact of human activities measured in term of the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce goods consumed and to assimilate the waste generation. A measure of the amount of the Earth’s resources used by a person or a population that live in a particulate way - Humans demand on nature.

Biodiversity : A large area of land covered thickly with trees.

Biogeography : the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area.

Synanthropic : describes a species of wild animal or plant which live near and benefit from Association with humans and their built environments which form “artificial Habitats” such as houses, gardens, farms, roadsides, garbage dumps, etc.

Eutrophication : Excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to run-off from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life.

Suburbia : The suburbs or their inhabitants viewed collectively.

Synanthropic: (Greek “together with” + “man”) is a member of a species of wild animals and plants of various kinds that live near, and benefit from, an association with human beings and the somewhat artificial habitats that people create around them. xv

BIBLIOGRAPHY Books 1. Designing for Biodiversity - A technical guide for new and existing buildings (2nd Ed) - Gunnell, Kelly; Carol Williams, Brian Mu 2. Introducing Wildlife in Urban Ecosystems - Amartya Deb 3. Environmental Studies For Undergraduate Courses - Erach Bharucha https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/modelcurriculum/env.pdf

Published Articles & Research 4. Synanthropc Suburbia - Sarah Gunawan (2015) - Master Thesis - University of Waterloo http://hdl.handle.net/10012/9765

5. Wildlife Conservation Strategies and Management in India: An Overview - S.S Hundal https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/69415913/hundal_edited_final_march_10.pdf

6. Aashra Standards 55, - Handbook of Fundemental Comfort Model 7. Evaporative Cooling Design Guidelines Manual - J. D. Palmer, P.E., C.E.M. NRG Engineering 8. Evaporative Cooling Design Guidelines - A. Bhatia 9. Semi-permissive - Supurbia - HTA Design LLP & Pollard Thomas Edward https://www.pollardthomasedwards.co.uk/download/supurbia-semipermissive_v5_LR.pdf

Web References https://www.archdaily.com/113280/habitat-for-urban-wildlife-ofer-bilik-architects https://ifatfinkelman.carbonmade.com/projects/6045531 https://architecturelive.in/unbuilt-project-biodiversity-training-institute-at-sikkim-architecture-brio/ http://architecturebrio.com/projects-item/biodiversity-training-institute/ https://ebuild.in/biodiversity-training-institute-gangtok

xvi

https://www.rspb.org.uk/our-work/conservation/projects/kingsbrook-housing/ https://www.kingsbrook-aylesbury.co.uk/rspb https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/11/12/welcome-kingsbrook-britains-wildlife-friendly-housingdevelopment/ http://www.expandedenvironment.org/domestic-prosthetics-for-cohabitation/ https://www.archdaily.com/6810/california-academy-of-sciences-renzo-piano https://www.designboom.com/architecture/renzo-pianos-california-academy-of-science/ https://www.dezeen.com/2008/10/03/california-academy-of-sciences-by-renzo-piano/ https://www.wildlifeconservationtrust.org/conservation-strategy/ http://www.expandedenvironment.org/animal-architecture-awards-announced/ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2016/04/160420-green-cities-design-animals-architectureurban0/ https://www.the-scientist.com/infographics/infographic--light-pollution-64855 http://ricemm.org/en/documentations/recommended-fixtures/ https://www.conservationindia.org/articles/bustard-wires-and-the-flight-to-extinction https://www.worldwildlife.org/ https://projecttiger.nic.in/ https://www.eia.gov/ http://www.cpcbenvis.nic.in/ https://www.rewildmystreet.org/

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Synanthropic Coexistence

Synanthropic Coexistence