Foundations of Design: Representation Module 3 Journal

Foundations of Design : Representation, SEM1, 2017 M3 JOURNAL - PATTERN vs SURFACE Saran Kim

904662 Mr. Emmanuel Cohen // Studio 1

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WEEK 6 READING: SURFACES THAT CAN BE BUILT FROM PAPER IN ARCHITECTURAL GEOMETRY Question 1: What are the three elementary types of developable surfaces? Provide a brief description.

(Maximum 100 words) Three elemental types of developable surfaces are cylinders, cones, and tangent surfaces of space curves. Cylinder surface consists of series of lines (rulings) parallel to a profile curve. Development of the profile curve is a straight line segment, with right angle between rulings being retained. Cone consists of a profile curve and a vertex point, and lines with constant distance connecting curve with the vertex.

Development of profile curve is a circular arc with centre of vertex and radius of constant distance.

Tangent surfaces of space curves involve a three-dimensional curve and surfaces based on the tangents of the curve.

Question 2: Why is the understanding of developable surface critical in the understanding of architectural geometry? Choose one precedent from Research/Precedents tab on LMS as an example for your discussion. (Maximum 100 words) Because in the context of architectural geometry, the construction involves manipulation and configuration of two dimensional materials. As any developable surface can be mapped into the plane, that is two dimensional, without stretching or tearing, utilising developable surfaces effectively in designing buildings is a great advantage.

Cloud Canopy designed by Maddison Architects consists of the hexagonal “honeycomb� steel structure extruded in a northerly direction. By understanding the architectural geometry and how form can be created by developable surfaces, architects were able to determine that hexagonal structure fulfilled the requirement of structural strength, strength-to-weight ratio and rigidity for the canopy.

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PANELLING 2D PATTERN

2d Panelling, Pattern: Triangular

2d Panelling, Pattern:TriBasic

2d Panelling, Pattern: Diamond

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VARIABLE 2D PATTERN

2D Variable pattern: overlapped circles

2D Variable pattern: L-shapes

2D Variable pattern: Combination of octagons and star shapes

2D Variable pattern : Octagons with Curve Attractors

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3D PANEL TEST PROTOTYPE & TEMPLATE

Developed plan of irregular shaped pyramids

Developed plan of 2D triangular pattern

Constructed pyramids and 2D triangular pattern

Close up of folded 2D triangular pattern

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WEEK 7 READING: DIGITAL FABRICATIONS: ARCHITECTURAL AND MATERIAL TECHNIQUES Question 1: What is digital fabrication and how does it change the understanding of two dimensional representation? (Maximum 100 words) Digital fabrication is a generative medium that has the potential to minimise the gap between representation and building, calibrating between visual model and physical artifact. It can energize design thinking as it opens up possibilities for unprecedented visual, material and formal outcomes of the process. Through digital fabrication, two dimensional representation involving the variations to architectural components, development of materials and response to aesthetics, is redefined. Since construction of a building largely consists of manipulating and assembling two dimensional materials, the application of digital fabrication empowers architects to explore innovative ways in which materials are shaped and utilised.

Question 2: Suggest two reasons why folding is used extensively in the formal expression of building design? (Maximum 100 words) One of reasons is because folding is a technique of transforming flat surface into a three dimensional form. It embraces the aspects of geometry comprised of strength and rigidity that is given to the material. It is versatille as it can be applied to various scales for producing aesthetic and economical designs.

The second reason is because folding is material-oriented process; it creates new spaces and territories without losing the native characteristics of the original nature of the materials. Folding provides planar materials “cohesiona and a continuity of competing spatial, cultural, social, programmatic, and contexual conditions� within its single language.

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EXPLORING 3D PANELLING

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Developed surfaces of the final model

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The plan of the final model with labelling system using numbers and letters

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PANELISED LANDSCAPE

The final model of the panelised landscape

Close up views of the model

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APPENDIX - EXPLORING THE USE OF 2D AND 3D PANELLING

The original terrain meshed and contoured, the nurbs surface created with Loft command, and 10 x 10 grid panel

3D pyramid pattern experiment 1

Octagonal pattern made using 2D Grid Variable command (Curve attractor)

3D pyramid pattern experiment 2

3D pattern made of a combination of two irregular pyramids, using Curve attractor

3D pattern consisted of a curved form made using Loft command

These 3D panelling models were not utilised for the final model due to their complexity and the extreme elevation. These were purely for developing my technical skill on Rhino and to understand how they can be incorporated into the process of creating the final model.

3D pattern made of twisted rectangular prisms, Curve attractor min value: 200 (downward) and max value:-300 (upward)

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APPENDIX - OBJECTS FOR PANELLING AND CURVE ATTRACTORS 1

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4 I had designed a number of other geometric designs as shown left, however I decided to discontinue working on them due to the difficulty in unrolling them and the structural issues.

Four selected objects: Although it is not a smooth transition from one object to the other, I kept the design of objects similar in order to keep the underlying style consistent.

All four objects have two triangular components forming one square block on the base.

The object number 3 has a different unique aspect, as it is made of components that do not have clear spatial boundaries between them; the volume of components are extruded towards each other’s space, forming space between them.

Using four objects selected, I experimented with their compositions and elevatioins using Curve attractors function. The varying distance from curves to points on the surface created a series of dynamic panels.

However, my focus was on the interesting variations in the arrangement, since individual objects are simple and having rows of one identical object did not show the consideration for intricacy and the aesthetic qualities of the appearance of the model.

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APPENDIX - CREATING OBJECTS FOR PANELLING

Another try I undertook was sibdiving the grafments of the panel. Since the terrain provided had one corner with highest elevation and another corner with lowest elevation, I wondered what if I had articulated the nature of the terrain by creating layers to the base, subdiving the panel and allocating each of them on different layers. This attempt was not successful since creating layers of base caused further complications with its structure and the level of disconnection between components on different layers.

I also attempted rotating the objects 45 degrees for the variation in directions in which vertices of components are heading to. This made changes to how they formulate a

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sense of movement on the surface.

APPENDIX - MODEL MAKING Creating the sample in prior to the construction

Printing

Cutting parts out in groups

Cutting edges of parts

Scolding folds Sticking double-sided tape Construcitng parts Arranging in the order

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