Urban Planning Master Thesis

MN50 REIDENTIFYING THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE SITES: THE ENGINE FOR THE HISTORICAL CITY’S FUTURE LANDSCAPE POLITECNICO DI MILANO. ARCHITETTURA URBANISTICA INGEGNERIA DELLE COSTRUZIONI. THESIS SUPERVISOR: ALESSANDRO BALDUCCI. THESIS CO-SUPERVISOR: CHIARA GEROLDI POLIECNICAZZ, SO MANTOVAN STUDENTS: SANYA KOVACHEVA 851763 VERONICA RIGONAT 834409

MN2050. Reidentifying the Industrial Heritage Sites: The Engine for the Historical City’s Future Landscape

TABLE OF CONTENTS 12

PROJECT ABSTRACT

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INDUSTRIAL AREAS AS HERITAGE IN CITIES’ DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF MANTUA

01

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INDUSTRIAL AREAS AS HERITAGE IN MEDIUM CITIES’ DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSING THE CASE OF MANTUA

02

21

REQUALIFICATION OF PARTIALLY DISMISSED PRODUCTION AREAS: MANTUA AS A PILOT CASE FOR NEW RECLAMATION PROCESSES

A

B

27

THE SYSTEM OF THE CITY: THE COMPLEXITY OF THE CONTEXT

01

28

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANTUA AND THE CLOSER TERRITORIES

02

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THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE OF THE CITY AND THE NOWADAYS CONDITION

03

44

THE CRITICAL ASPECT OF POLLUTION IN THE MANTUA LAKES AND THE PETROCHEMICAL CORE

04

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FROM THE MACRO NATURAL SYSTEM TO THE LAKE BANKS USE

05

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FROM THE INTERNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURAL NETWORK TO THE LOCAL SCALE

06

68

READING THE DEMOGRPHICAL DATA

07

72

CURRENT LAND USE AND CENTRALITIES

08

74

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND PLACEMAKING

85

THE INDUSTRIAL CORE IN MANTOVA: WORKING ON A SIN AREA

01

86

BELONGING TO THE SIN LIST: “LAGHI DI MANTOVA E POLO CHIMICO”

02

98

LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS

03

108

04

118

ACTORS AND STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED

05

122

STREGTHS, WEAKNESSES, THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REACTIVATION OF THIS AREA

C

THE MAIN PRODUCTIVE COMPANIES BASED IN THE SIN AREA

D

129

GOOD PRACTICES IN DEALING WITH INDUSTRIAL PATRIMONY

01

130

AU FOUR BANAL

02

132

GONDWANA

03

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PLACE AU CHANGEMENT

04

136

PARK DE LA VILLETTE

05

138

LYON MEADOWS

06

140

LYON CONFLUENCE

07

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LANDSCHAFTSPARK DUISBURG-NORD

08

146

CULTUURPARK WESTERGASFABRIEK

09

148

FRESHKILLS

10

150

BETHLEHEM STEELSTACKS ARTS AND CULTURE

11

152

SILO 468

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THE BEGINNING OF A TRANSFORMATION PROCESS: FROM INDUSTRIAL PERIPHERY TO ENGINE OF THE FUTURE LANDSCAPE

E 01

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MN50. THE CITY’S FUTURE LANDSCAPE

02

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INJECTING NEW ENERGY TO ACTIVATE THE CONTEMPORARY DISTRICT

03

166

WHAT TO DO? STRUCTURE GUIDELINES

04

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PHASES: 2018 - 2020; 2020- 2035; 2035 - 2050

05

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SPATIAL STRATEGY 1:10.000

06

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RECLAMATION PROCESS: POSSIBLE TECHNOLGIES TO APPLY TO SOLVE THE POLLUTION ISSUE

07

184

ACTIONS

08

199

MASTERPLAN 1:5.000

09

204

SCENARIO 1:1.000

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CONCLUSIONS

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REFERENCES

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LIST OF FIGURES AND GRAPHS

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

Il settore industriale ha rivestito, sin dalla sua costituzione, un ruolo fondamentale per la città di Mantova. L’economia ne beneficiò e lo stile di vita dei suoi cittadini si elevò, risollevandosi dal periodo di crisi ed emigrazione del Secondo Dopoguerra.

L’industria venne presto interpretata come nuova linfa vitale della città, di conseguenza anche la progettazione si dedicò con attenzione alla qualità dello spazio nei luoghi del lavoro. Ma nel tempo molte variabili si sono modificate, alcune radicalmente, cambiando la relazione tra città industriale e città storica.

MN50 propone uno scenario futuro dove il ruolo chiave è rivestito dai luoghi della produzione, riconosciuti come parte del patrimonio della città storica. Il sistema è composto da tre nuclei principali: Historical Centre, Contemporary District e Econimic District. Ancora una volta la città industriale è la spinta generatrice della trasformazione urbana.

Lo scopo del progetto è di attribuire una nuova identità ai luoghi dell’industria senza interferire con il loro ciclo. Due sono gli assi strutturanti: quello della mobilità veloce e quello del corridoio verde. Essi controllano il sistema di interventi – materiali ed immateriali – che coinvolgono tutta la riva sinistra.

Partendo dal disegno progettuale alla scala dell’uomo i quartieri vengono riattivati, le zone produttive vengono convertite in impianti sostenibili, le penetranti verdi si infiltrano nella città industriale e la trasformano in spazi pubblici e

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luoghi di incontro. Il progetto si articola in fasi temporali che possono essere nel tempo implementate ed adattate.

Con un approccio multidisciplinare il progetto MN50 definisce l’identità contemporanea della città storica, tenendo presenti le esigenze di una nuova produttività, lo svolgersi delle dinamiche sociali e proteggendo il patrimonio naturale.

Since its establishment, the industrial settlement has always played a key role for the city of Mantua. It has positively influenced the economy and has enhanced the citizens’ life style after a long period of crisis and emigration.

Thus, it became representative of the new life of the city and its design focused on the quality of the space of the productive sites. However, in time, many factors changed drastically the relationship between them and the historical city.

MN50 is suggesting a future scenario for the city’s development where the leading role is played by the Industrial Site, recognized as heritage. The system is made up by three cores: the Historical Centre, the Contemporary District and the Economic District.

Once again, the Industrial Site is the engine for the urban transformation.

The ambition of the design proposal is to organize the re-identification, while taking into account the industrial territories which are still active. Controlled by two main axes, the fast mobility and the green belt, the project works on material and immaterial interventions on the whole left bank territories. City’s neighborhoods are reactivated through attention to the human scale, the production lots are converted into environmentally sustainable manufacturing areas, the natural asset is permeating the production space and transforming it into a public one for the community. The project is organized into phases which can be revised and adapted in time.

Using a multidisciplinary approach

from environmental to social aspects, the proposal of MN50 project, attempts to blend the demands of the future industry with the historical city and its contemporary identity.

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A

INDUSTRIAL AREAS AS HERITAGE IN CITIES’ DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSIS OF THE CASE OF MANTUA

A_01 INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN HISTORICAL EUROPEAN CITIES: POTENTIAL PATRIMONY TO START A REACTIVATION PROCESS

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The technical discoveries have always positively influenced the economy and had a significant impact on people’s lifestyle. Architecture aimed to declare the higher living standards, allowed to be reached by the technical progress, by caring in the design to both functionality and quality of the working spaces.

In Italy, and not only, industry was one of the main ways out of the crisis of the postWorld War II period. Thus, the European case of the industrial cities spread and many settlements were established, especially in the North. In time, some of these remained active and developed by upgrading their implants. While others were abandoned, due to obsoleteness or because being unable to face the trading system demands.

It’s unquestionable that many of these industrial settlements belong to the historical patrimony of the cities where they rose from a social, economic and sometimes - architectural point of view.

These steel cathedrals are actors and witnesses of the cultural progress. As such, they are heritage.

Michael Falser, in his Industrial Heritage Analysis, prepared for the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, states that: “The new discipline of industrial archaeology celebrates the artefacts of the workplace that have as much meaning in our history as the religious and domestic artefacts and architecture to which more attention has been paid throughout the years. Our industrial heritage includes not only

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the mill and factory, but the social and engineering triumphs spawned by the new technologies: Neolithic flint mines, Roman aqueducts, company towns, canals, railways, bridges and other forms of transportation and power engineering.

It is important to note that Industrial Heritage exists in all phases of human development. Therefore, it is not only found in the 19th and 20th centuries, but as well for example in prehistoric, medieval times.” (Falser, 2001) In the nowadays scene, the projects dealing with post-war industrial heritage in Europe are mainly redevelopment ones, focused on obsolete and abandoned complexes and facilities. The areas which are requiring an intervention due to environmental, economic, social or demographic motives, for a long period of time have been left out due to lack of sufficient funding and correct policies to face the issues in question.

At the European scale, the cases of industrial patrimony condemned to decades of inactivity are not just a few. The complicated administrative procedure and the complexity of the sites’ context regarding many topics didn’t allow an easy transformation for them to remain an active part of the city’s life. Some of them have the fortune of being renovated completely with reorganizational and repurposing aims through large scale initiatives.

A common pattern between some of the major examples of successful

intervention projects in the last 30 years in Europe can be seen. For instance, most of the The IBA Emscher Park industrial relicts, such as Gasometer Oberhausen, Bochum Hall of the Century or Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord, deal with long time inactive production sites.

Similarly, the one of Lyon Confluence, Dora Park in Turin and Hafen City in Hamburg are benchmark examples of industrial sites urban reclamation.

However, all these productive district requalification projects deal with sites which are already completely dismissed.

Therefore, the spontaneous question is: could the matter of preserving industrial patrimony in Europe be successful, if it is limiting itself only to the already dismissed areas and introducing modern interventions in order to ‘fill the gaps’ in the terrain vague? The preservation process must start at the moment of identification of the industrial settlement as asset for the community. Which means that a list of good practices can be draw up in accordance with the site status. If the industrial activities are still on-going, side-by-side actions must be applied.

In this sense, an idea of ever-adapting heritage could be introduced, where it is not considered as something static and passive, rather organic and changing.

In most of the cultural heritage cities the industrial core is not anymore part of the everyday life of its citizens.

Such case is the city of Mantua and the interpretation of its identity as UNESCO

World Heritage Site. A significant part of the earlier generations still perceives the city through its agricultural and industrial importance. But the new generations and in the international scale it is recognized for its outstanding example of Renascence Art and Architecture. However, the reorganization of industrial areas could serve as a potential application to change that perspective.

Today, through our actions we are already shaping the future historical context, which also reflects on what could be considered as heritage. Sustaining what

Photo of St Edward’s, Brotherton, North Yorkshire, with Ferrybridge B Power Station behind (1960s)

by Eric de Maré

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“Out of the 690 inscribed World Heritage Sites there are 28 sites that are considered “Industrial Heritage.” Industrial Heritage embraces 5.3% of all cultural sites and 4% of all World Heritage Sites.”

(Industrial Heritage Analysis, Michael Falser, 2001)

is already present and functioning has the aim to have a continuous live memory of the city throughout generations. Thus, history will be perceived as present belonging by the generations to come.

Moreover, this process of transformation has the potential to catalyze the reactivation of the city by introducing new innovative features. Therefore, the landscape of the city changes merging the historical skyline with the industrial one. The challenge of the

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urban planners and the architect is to read the context and define the proper strategy according to that. This is what the design proposal MN2050 is trying to do: interpreting the context and the current need of the city of Mantua and defining a new scenario. This scenario is suggesting the re-identification of the industrial settlement as meeting point between historical asset and cityscape development and, as such, the starting point of the reactivation process.

The theme of the reactivation of former industrial settlement is not new. Many are the examples of reactivation or conversion of production sites into active part of the current city life. Once the transformation process is completed, the citizen’s perception changes positively. The closed gates disappear, the unpleasant structures are refurbished, the wide urban voids become the occasion for festival and events.

Pierre Vertz in his book “La Société hyperindustrielle.

Le nouveau capitalisme productif” is describing the effect of the hyper-industrial-capitalism. All the main companies at the world scale moved their factories in Asia, where the settlements’ construction and the production process need to face minor economical requirements and have to undergo to different legislative restrictions comparing to the ones in Europe or in US. However, the headquarters of these companies didn’t dislocate (P. Vertz, 2017).

Thus, whether with the first big world industrialization the most important connections were physical, now they are immaterial. The communication and the link via media is incredibly relevant. Although the biggest companies are relocating their production core, the middle and small firms are not fallowing the same path. Some of them, more powerful from a financial point of view, would shortly create a department abroad. Some others are converting their production system to offer the market a new service which is more coherent with their status, unless, they would end activity.

What does it mean from an urban point of view? Cities will have to face a new change: many of those pavilions and warehouses built in the last century, are going to be

dismissed areas and urban voids. But these places are not empty spaces without identity: the sites have been part of the economic and social life of the city for ages.

Therefore, they have a great potential and many of them have already been reclaimed as new social urban spaces.

For instance, the case of Bethlehem in Pennsylvania, where the former factory is located into the heart of the city and now is an incredible park for sport activities and stage to host numerous open air concerts and festivals. The citizens can experience this astonishing venue, where they could enjoy a classical concert or contemporary dance performance, sitting on the grass loan, while having this spectacular steel mastodon as a background.

The case of Lyon is, as well, an outstanding example of conversion of industrial areas into a main city core. The project, organized in phases, hasn’t been completed yet.

The realization of the functional program was subdivided into chronological steps, in accordance to the timing needed to reclaim the site and prepare it for the new construction. At the end of each one of those steps a sector of the Confluence is to be completed. In this way, the productive site was little by little transformed.

A_02 REQUALIFICATION OF PARTIALLY DISMISSED PRODUCTION AREAS: MANTUA AS A PILOT CASE FOR NEW RECLAMATION PROCESSES

Whether the cases of remediation and transformation of dismissed industrial sites are many, the reorganization of still partially active productive settlements is not frequent at all. The complexity of the issues linked to these sites is given by many factors: different stakeholders’ interests, contamination and long and expensive reclamation processes, legal responsibilities, social pressures by the press and the public opinion. Moreover, all

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the interventions cannot interfere with the production process but, at the same time, they have to be planed aiming to the final goal, considering the future land use of the site.

Mantua is one of those cases: the city received an impressive economic benefit by the settlement of the industries on the left banks of the lakes, but in time the situation drastically changed and the benefits have mutated in criticalities. The current situation is of a very polluted site, inscribed to the SIN’s list. The margins of these borders are even weaker considering that the residential cluster, the industrial settlement and the natural reserve have direct contact among each other. For these reasons, the reclamation of the SIN area in Mantua would be extremely meaningful to solve a difficult configuration of the urban texture.

For having the reactivation project, the environmental critical condition must be taken into account. The contamination is widely spread and presents many pollutants in sediments, ground water and soil. Therefore, any proposal must have as

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a base a strong remediation process and the Italian law drafts a precise procedure to follow in the definition of an action plan.

Many proposals have been suggested, but still there is a lack of a general masterplan of intervention.

The case of Mantua is unique in the European context. A Renaissance city which is facing the critical aspect of pollution, mainly caused by the presence of a still partially active industrial settlement, site that has been playing a leading role in the recent history of the city. Clearly, the situation is controversial. MN50 has the ambitious aim to suggest Mantua as a pilot case by reading the critical aspects as strengths.

Many companies and governmental institutions are investing in research about bio-reclamation processes. A research center in Mantua would offer laboratories where to carry on these researches and it would allow the direct test of these practices in the SIN area. Currently, the most applied remediation actions are still physicalchemical, not biological. Meaning that the

problem won’t be completely solved but just dislocating soil in landfills or containing sediments by capping. These might be quicker solutions, but in long-term they won’t lead to any successful resolution of the issues. Testing new techniques would have a resonance not just locally but in an international scale. Moreover, these “beta-techniques” can be initially applied in a delimitated testing area to verify their efficiency. In the meantime, the companies will be able to reach the emergency-security standards set by law and get ready for the transformation phase.

Reading the industrial site as heritage doesn’t mean to transform it into a museum: part of the industrial site is preserved by the project MN50 and upgraded to an environmentally-friendly manufacturing site. The productive core will follow the model of the Industrial Park offering high quality spaces to its workers for both work and free time. Moreover, the refunctionalization will host new typology of productivity as multifactories, creative labs, co-working spaces, arts centers. This

in order to strengthen the connection with the residential districts of Lunetta-Frassine.

The heaviest productions will be dislocated closer to Valdaro in order for them to be easily connected to the intermodal hub.

Mantua has the potential to become a pilot site on the application of bio-remediation technologies and on urban reactivations by transforming the heritage industrial site in spaces for the community.

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B

THE SYSTEM OF THE CITY: THE COMPLEXITY OF THE CONTEXT

B_01 HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANTUA AND THE CLOSER TERRITORIES

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The industrial area on the Eastern side of Mantova rose just after the second World War, having its grater expansion in the 60-70s. However, along the years, the city development signed marks on the urban texture of Mantova. These changes influenced both the built environment and the natural assets. Hydrography, land reclamations and channels excavations have always influenced the settlements and the life of its inhabitants. Especially, waterways had a great influence on the economy of the city, both for commerce and agriculture. Therefore, it is fundamental to study the city development and the modification of the water bodies to deeply understand the relevance it would have for the city, nowadays and in the future, to reclaim the petrochemical site and turning it into an active part of the urban organism/ Mantua arose on an island, the left bank of the lakes which surrounded it wasn’t urbanized for a very long time. The first settlements were built with a defensive porpoise at the edge of the bridges connecting to the mainland. Fortresses, walls and harbours have been located so to defend the city from the enemies willing to conquer it.

Initially the city harbour was only one, Ancona Sant’Agnese, to control and face the enemies coming from the South-East, the Scaligeris family. A second port was rose: Porto Catena. Together with it the Rio’s canal was realized. The aim of the canal was to connect the Superior Lake to the Inferior Lake, an issue never faced before because the three lakes visible today were just one.

This intervention, together with the dam “Ponte dei Mulini” and San Giorgio’s bridge were two of the many interventions related to the water system by Pitentino at the time.

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Therefore, in the ‘300 Ancona Sant’Agnese lost the title of main harbour in favour of Porto Catena. To face the threaten of the arrival of Scaligeris, also, a new defensive wall was constructed. This is still visible nowadays along the Gradaro Convent boundary walls.

It is possible to recognize a ring expansion for these first phases, correspondent with the location of the city-walls. In the XVI century the spreading moved South towards the Te Island, therefore new fortresses had to be designed by the French, who at the time controlled this territory. Very rapidly the situation changed with the invasion of the Habsburg troops. The defensive settlements, as Pietole Fortress and Lunetta’s, were completed a new walls ring defined. Equally, the starting of a land reclamation process in Mantua Territory is due to the Austrians.

The area of San Nicolò, at the Central-East side of the city, was developed during the Medieval Period. In 1736 this area became more relevant from a military point of view.

In 1800 was realized the “Zanetti Dam”, nowadays called “Masetti Dam”. Because of that the port lost its importance until the second French domain. During this period happened the filling of the area of Porto Sant’Agnese, today Piazza Virgiliana, and design the same for Porto Catena. The project was carried on by the Austrians when they reconquered the city. Their aim was to realize a garden close to Porto Catena – an area today named as “Piazza Anconetta” dedicated to the poet Giardino Folengo, as done by the French with the park dedicated to Virgilio in Sant’Agnese harbor.

Zanetti Dam took its name by the family owning the land where nowadays it is located the industrial site, main contribution

IV - III CENT. A.C.

1010

1035

1580

1810

1909

1950

1963

2017

area of our design proposal. In the map drawn by Bertazzolo of 1596 it is visible that that territory had always been devoted to agriculture and cultivations. At the end of the XIX century the firs urban settlements in correspondence of San Giorgio and Fassine appear, in the representation of the Mantua Province by F. Karacsay. It is clear by studying the historical maps and the official documentations that the situation didn’t change until the Second World War, a part for the intervention of hydraulic engineering.

In fact, after the global conflict the city devoted the South side of left bank of the Inferior Lake to industrial expansion. The benefits coming from this new economical resource were unexpectedly high compared to the forecast.

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PORTA GIULIA

CARTIERA BURGO

SPARAFUCILE

PALAZZO DUCALE DUOMO PALAZZO DELLA RAGIONE SANT’ANDREA

FORTE LUNETTA

CASA DEL MANTEGNA SAN SEBASTIANO PALAZZO TE INDUSTRIAL PATRIMONY

FORTE DI PIETOLE

Left: Carta Economica Industriale of the Province of Mantua in 1909. In the map is visible how the productive settlements have always been part of the life of the city.

Top: CIty and Industrial development in the the PRG plan of Mantua from 60-70s

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MANTOVA 1943

MANTOVA 1955

MANTOVA 1963

MANTOVA 2017

B_02 THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE OF THE CITY AND THE NOWADAYS CONDITION

Sources: Storia del Miracolo Italiano, Guido Crainz (Donzelli, 2005) Studi Sull’Agricultura Italiana, Pier Paolo D’Attorre, Alberto De Bernardi (Feltrinelli, 1994)

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Mantua has always been a city with a strong predominantly agricultural economy until the middle of the 20th century. After the Second World War, a rapid adaptation to the wave of industrialization occurred, which put Mantua as an important center point of the growing network in Norther Italy. Thanks to the favorable geographical features, Mincio River and its connection to Po River, the inland of the country was easily connected to the important harbor of Venice and then to the World trade routes, through Mantua.

The idea of creating a chemical plant near the city came soon after the end of the WWII, in 1946, and it was a strategic decision. The new Italian government was, in fact, looking for places all over Italy to rebuild the apparatus of the country’s industry, damaged during the wars, and Mantua was ideal for that purpose. It was one of the first choices in the list, because comparing to the destroyed urban quarters in Milan and Turin, the province was less bombarded. The committee discussed and approved the proposal unanimously since there was eagerness to make Mantua one of the important cities to contribute to the country’s economic growth in the postwar period. At the time, nobody considered the possible environmental damages that the settlement would have caused in the next decades.

The construction of the ICIP oil refinery started at 1947 by the initiative of Count Carlo Perdomini. During the 60’s an oil pipeline carrying crude oil from Porto Marghera to Mantua was realized and at the end of the decade the refinery underwent a profound technological transformation.

That led to enriching it with new plants for

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the purpose of gasoline production, which also increased the processing capacity from 900,000 to 2,600,000 tons a year.

Simultaneously, the company of Belleli S.p.A set up its production settlements in the same area in 1947. Its production was of equipment needed for critical processes and nuclear reactors. It proven itself as a global provider and exporter. After the 70’s it took part in several ambitious projects, including Superphénix nuclear plant, Iter Nuclear Fusion Project, San Siro and Olympic stadium, CIRA Wind Tunnel and many offshore platforms for oil extraction.

Although Mantua came relatively late to this current industrial status compared to other parts of Italy, where deep transformations took place in the postwar period, in the 50’s the foundations of a new petrochemical plant were laid by Montecatini and Edison companies (which merged in 1966 in Montedison). The establishment was founded in 1956 after the participation of the technical manpower of the city in the preparation of the land for the construction of the buildings and the assembly of the plants. Already in 1957, the production of Chlorine, Caustic Soda, Hydrochloric Acid and Chlorine Polystyrene had started.

Then, in 1958, the cracking plants used for Propylene Ethylene production came into service, which made the Edison plant of Mantua the second biggest Italian petrochemical complex at the time.

In the same year, the production of Dichloromethane 12 Benzene and Monomer Styrene also began and later other plants had been added, covering surface of almost 1.5 million square meters and employing almost 2,000 technicians and workers. In the meantime, other commercial, cultural

and industrial initiatives in the city started emerging. The industrial work cycle gave guarantee of economic stability to the city of Mantua and gradually this new rhythm stimulated unbridled professional transformation. Fishermen, small farm workers and traders started working in the large chemical complexes.

Again, in the 60’s, Mantua became the home of another production site with significant importance for Italy, not only for its economy in newspaper production, but also with its avant-garde architecture. The Burgo papermill of Mantua was constructed by Pier Luigi Nervi, one of the most renowned Italian engineer of the last century, which later became one of his most complex works and received the deserved name “La Fabbrica Sospesa”, or The Suspended Factory. The need of the company of hosting the biggest machine in Italy ever made was a prerequisite for the innovative construction.

A 250-meter long cargo building is accompanied by a warehouse, built with the characteristic orthogonal ribs, obtained from Corset-shaped cladding and mobile scaffolding, patented by Nervi himself in 1949. The megastructure is still one of his landmark projects as an engineer, which today seems fading away since in 2013 the factory declared bankruptcy.

Similar is the fate of the oil refinery and the petrochemical plant. The strongest actor in the management of the refinery in the late years is IES S.p.A. company, which took the ownership in 1994, and later was acquired by MOL Group’s international group. The refinery closed in 2013: from August 2015 it has started a process of transformation into logistic hub. The current owner of the petrochemical plant

is ENI S.p.A., which lends its property to the companies Versalis, EniPower and SOL. Large part of its property remains not in use.

The industrial heritage is collected mostly within the borderline of SIN area (Site of National Interest) since 2003, which represent the most dangerous and large contaminated areas, classified by the Italian state and in need of remediation interventions remediation waters to prevent environmental and health damage. Due to this fact in the last years all the owner companies are frequently present in the local media platforms, as well as the daily agenda of environmental NGOs, activists and citizens. Significant and constant levels of mercury contamination have been detected since 1973 onwards from the oil refinery and petrochemical plant activities.

Following that the matter of health damages arose after the number of cases of people suffering from cancer have increased.

Various researches in the past years have concluded the connection between them and the severe contamination caused by the companies, which led to numerous sentences of the court of justice ruled in favor of the parties concerned.

Since the role played by the Chemical Pole in the industrial growth of the city, Mantua and its citizens deserve a decisive resolution in the reclamation and re-boost as a health active link for the future.

Image on the next page: Scheme about the main production sites’ historical timeline

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1935 1945 World War 2

1963 Oil pipeline between Mantua and Porto-Marghera is created

Restart of industry 1946 ICIP refinery is founded 1947 150 workers hired

1949 French company OMNIUM joins 1953 Production had started

1969 Profound technological upgrade, production capacity increaced

1977 French CFP sells ICIP to Italian private group made up of companies PONTOIL and SOFIMI.

Oil Refinery 1956 Establishment of the petrochemical plant; Owner: Sicedison

1960 Sicedison > Montedison

1957 Production of Chlorine, Caustic Soda, Hydrochloric Acid and Chlorine Polystyrene 1958 Cracking plants used for Propylene Ethylene created

Petrochemical Plant

1971 Polystyrene production 1978 Cracking plants stopped operation

Sludge containing mercury release

CONTAMINATION PROCESSES REMEDIATION PROCESSES

1951 Burgo paper factory started operating

1961 Pier Luigi Nervi

French sells ICIP lian te group e up of panies TOIL and MI.

78 racking ants opped peration

2009 European financial crisis 1990 CAMELI buys ICIP

2007 IES becomes part of MOL Group 2013 The oil refinery is closed

1994 IES buys the majority stake, IES Oil Refinery is born 1983 CAMELI of Genoa rentes the whole processing capacity; plants improved in enviromental aspect

2015 Transformation to logistic hub

2003 SIN Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico 1991 Owner: EniChem Production end: Caustic soda and Maleic anhydride

1981 First thermal power stations stopped operation

2003 Montedison > Edison 1999 SOL Group started operating 2000 EniPower started operating

2012 Owner: Versalis (ex-Polimeri Europa)

Pollutant spills

designed a new cargo building 2000 Valdaro Intermodal port was established

B_03 THE CRITICAL ASPECT OF POLLUTION IN THE MANTUA LAKES AND THE PETROCHEMICAL CORE

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The environmental problem pollution of mercury in Mantua does not only ends with the air, soil and ground water on the territory of the industrial area. Such can be found significantly in the sediments of the Inferior Lake, Mincio River and Bianco channel in Vallazza Regional Reserve started to be much evident after the 1970’s.

A well-rounded survey carried out by the Province of Mantua’s Environment Department in 2015, states that “is reasonable to assume responsibility for the presence of sediments mainly contaminated by Mercury at Sicedison S.p.A, which was active between 1957 and 1966, and Montedison S.p.A, which operated the site from 1960 to 1980, today Edison S.p.A and not operational on the territory”.

For 35 years, from 1957 to 1991, plants producing chlorine, caustic soda, hydrogen and other chlorine derivatives were in operation at the petrochemical area. The technology used for the production capacity of 120,000 tons per year of chlorine was based on the system of mercury cathode cells, which is a method already obsolete and with greater environmental impact than others. In addition to that, sludge containing mercury from the water treatment plant from 1957 to 1972 was released into the drainage network and then discharged into the surface water body. Only since 1972 the mercury present in the contaminated water from the plant began to be broken down.

Since 1973 up until two years before the shutdown of soda-chlorine plant in 1991, the pollutants spills had been continuous.

Nowadays the polluted territory can be divided into two major polluted areas: the one of former oil refinery, where Hydrocarbons and Benzene are found, and

44

Regional Agency of Enviromental Protection (ARPA) Report, SIN Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico 2015 Samples survay and benzen quantity

Regional Agency of Enviromental Protection (ARPA), Thicknesses of supernatant report, 2015 45

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Sources: Conferences: C IL, Dalle oniďŹ che sviluppo e occupa ione , Sito na ionale inquinato di antova Stato delle oniďŹ che e previsioni di intervento, antua, ovem er Workshop’s documentation: Inquinamento da ercurio nel S.I. . di Provincia di antova, otto re

antova,

Websites:: http ga ettadimantova.gelocal.it mantova cronaca news mantova-mercurionel- asso-mincio-edison-ancora-sottoaccusa- . h t t p : // w w w . a r p a l o m b a r d i a . i t / s i t i / arpalom ardia imprese onifiche siticontaminati Pagine SI - antova.asp

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the petrochemical area, were are present heavy metals, Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Aromatic Hydrocarbons. The Mantua petrochemical plant is currently constituted as a multi-purpose plant; in fact, to its interior companies including: Versalis S.p.A and Syndial S.p.A, both subsidiaries of ENI Group; EniPower Company; SOL Company.

Nevertheless, the research of polluted areas is spreading to the nearby territories, from Colori Freddi S.p.A in Borgovirgiliana, down to Bianco channel next to Valdaro intermodal port. Several micro-areas have been highly contaminated in the petrochemical plant, currently owned by Versalis S.p.A and EniPower S.p.A, and having problematic individual facilities, such as an unauthorised landfill, water waste and underground tanks. The State Council has recognized the previous owner from the last century Edison S.p.A as responsible for the contamination on those areas. The same cannot be said about more recent owner settled in the area, Polimeri Europa, as responsible for the mercury contaminated sediments found in the Sisma water channel.

When it comes to the former oil refinery, the total contaminated area of soil and groundwater by mercury is estimated in total of 200,000 sq.m. The Valdaro intermodal port area is also affected by the production activities which have caused the current environmental situation, having hydrocarbons and mercury in its sediments, calculated in area of 7,000 sq.m.

However, the most worrying numbers of quantity of hazard of pollutants come up regarding the land owned by Syndial S.p.A. The company owns some land located both inside and outside the establishment fence.

Even though there are no installations

46

and/or facilities on the land in question, its territory contains contaminated industrial waste in the quantity of total of 197,172 cubic meters. As comparison, that number represents the total volume of 5,121 twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU), also known as intermodal cargo containers.

Due to its negative impact on environment, the industrial area and its surrounding territories are included in SIN list of Italy in 2003. Unlike other contaminated sites, for Sites of National Interest all interventions and related design documents, from characterization to reclamation, are evaluated and approved by the Ministry of the Environment.

B_04 FROM THE MACRO NATURAL SYSTEM TO THE LAKE BANKS USE PRINCIPAL ECO-CORRIDORS SECONDARY ECO-CORRIDORS

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Mantova is partially located inside the natural reserve Parco del Mincio. As such, it undergoes specific regulation and plans.

The definition, the preservation and the protection of green corridors is descripted in these legal frameworks. Lombardy region has the duty of preserving eighteen parks and eco corridors. In the large scale the green corridors are perfectly visible.

Unfortunately, as for the infrastructure, these just appear continuous, while they actually are discontinuous. In fact, in the system of the city it is still feasible to identify along the lakesides the discontinuity of the green system. The green belt along the water is the link along the Mincio Park through the city. Not only, on the right bank the built environment defrags leaving space to the natural walkway and a visual and, at least apparent, physical connection with the water. On the left bank the fields, parks and agricultural fields are covering the majority of the surface. These are mostly interrupted by residential settlements in correspondence of the bridges where the urban texture developed and spread along time.

However, the weakness stands in two points: (1) the disconnection between green belt and inner parks and gardens, (2) the interruption of the belt itself in some points. The interruption can be caused by the presence of an anthropic element or maybe by the physical beak point.

An example of the second case is Porto Catena: the morphology of the land changes, the path is broken by the opening to allow the boats to enter the gulf. While, the second typology is the exact situation of our main project area: the regional road overpassing Diga Masetti is interrupting the green corridor.

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In addition to that, the industrial plants are frightening the integrity of the macro scheme of the natural system. At the South of the dam the reserve of Vallazza is compromised by the consequences of years of undercontrolled functioning of the factories.

The pollution nowadays is a very critical issue which needs to be solved and affects both soil, ground water and sediments.

Since its foundation, Mantua stands the water, because of that it is necessary to describe together the green system the hydrological one. The studies show the use of the banks along all the three lakes borders. The analysis focuses also on the morphology, the section, the floodable areas.

It must also be taken into account that the municipality, in the recent times, carried on an intense project of requalification of the green areas on the left side of the lakes. Canottieri Mincio Sporting Club, Bosco del Lago di Mezzo, Parco dell’Arte, Rocca di Sparafucile, Parco Canoa are all the areas which in the last decades have been subjected to public requalification interventions at a regional or municipal level. The green space between Parco Canoa and the IES factory is the subject of the next reforestation proposal, aimed to be submitted for the regional call “Sistemi Verdi Due” in September 2017.

Therefore, it is evident the importance of reclaiming Petrochemical site and the meaning those action would have for the future of the city. These observations revealed to be very relevant in the process of redesigning of the site.

THE GREEN SYSTEM: MUNICIPALITY SCALE GREEN SPACES FOR SPORT URBAN PARKS AND GARDEN STRATEGIC AGRICULTURAL AREAS AND HGHLY VALUED LANDSCAPE CITY NETWORK TEN-T CORRIDOR CITY NETWORK TEN-T CORRIDOR TEN-T CORRIDOR

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FLOOD ZONES

FIRST FLOODABLE ZONE SECOND FLOODABLE ZONE THIRD FLOODABLE ZONE PHYSICAL BORDERS BETWEEN URBAN/LAKE GREEN SYSTEM

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MORPHOLOGY AND USE OF BANKS

B_05 FROM THE INTERNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURAL NETWORK TO THE LOCAL SCALE

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Probably, the most relevant evidences of inconsistency among different scales of the same system regard the Infrastructural Network.

Considering Mantua’s geographical location, it comes naturally to ask whether the city is part of any national or international route. Reminding its history, Mantua was built in a defensive strategic point, among the four lakes, a fortress city.

Since the beginning, the idea was to have the city as independent, totally separated by the common routes. This separation has persisted until today: Mantua is cut out the main axes of communication, only indirectly linked to the main joints and roads. Looking to a picture shot by night from the satellite it’s not easy to identify a specific separation between Milan, Verona, Brescia. The effect of the sprawl town appears clear; however, Mantua doesn’t belong to it. Because of that exclusion, at the moment there isn’t any strong interest in including Mantua to the main commercial roads.

However, Mantua still has the potential to play a more relevant role. The city is crossed by the railway, which connects it to Quadrante Europa, the productive district of Verona, and to Padua and Bologna also. Similarly, the highway A22, linking the manufactural sites of the Padana Plane to Austria, is passing next to the current industrial area of Mantua.

In particular, the planned development of the infrastructural network includes a direct connection of the intermodal pole of Valdaro to A22. The public administration invested in order to strength this exchange point among waterways, roadways and railway, supporting the excavation of Canale Bianco and the construction of the new harbor. A proposal, not accepted yet, is considering also an integration of the railway system: a

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line passing in the outskirts of the province in order to afford a major transportation of goods from factories located at the North to the hub and vice versa.

Nevertheless, in the European Bike Routes the city is considered as a fundamental joint. The role of the city in the soft mobility system is completely different compared to the one played in the fast network. The soft mobility map shows how rich is actually this network and the international connections make inevitable to understand the hidden potential of city for slow tourism. Even the citizens prefer to move in the city via bike.

The public transportation doesn’t offer any consistent advantage in a matter of time, so, since the distances are not so relevant, people love to move by bike, being able to reach all the traffic limited zones and to enter the historical center. Similarly, the circulation via lake is quite unexpressed.

The few touristic journeys are significant to allow a new point of view of the city.

The fast mobility system has the aim of enclosing Mantua in a ring, while the soft mobility is wide-spreading the city and invading it as capillaries. The encircling strategy is repeated more than ones in the car route system of the territory: very few axes penetrate the cities directly at quite fast speed. The goal is, not only for Mantova but for the whole towns, to be bypassed by the fast car routes while crossed by the soft mobility axes. The intention is to bring back to the inhabitants the city centers, to give them a sense of security and to leave the cars outside it. Moreover, these soft movement is allowing users to enjoy and discover both the cultural and natural assets while the big infrastructural system can serve more efficiently the productive areas.

LIGHT POLLUTION

EUROPEAN PRINCIPAL FAST MOBILITY SYSTEM

CITY AND URBANIZATION SYSTEM

PRINCIPAL AND SECONDARY RAILWAY

TEN T-CORRIDORS EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT

EUROPEAN BIKE ROUTES

MOBILITY SYSTEM: NORTH ITALY SCALE LIGHT POLLUTION FAST MOBILITY SOFT MOBILITY CITY NETWORK TEN-T CORRIDOR

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FAST MOBILITY SYSTEM: PROVINCE SCALE PROVINCE TERRITORY HIGHWAY SYSTEM FUTURE HIGHWAY MAIN REGIONAL ROAD FUTURE MAIN REGIONAL ROAD SECONDARY ROAD RAILWAY SYSTEM

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SOFT MOBILITY SYSTEM: PROVINCE SCALE PROVINCE TERRITORY BIKE ON THE STREET ASFALT BIKEPATHS GRAVEL BIKEPATHS INDUSTRIAL HARBOUR TOURISTIC HARBOUR

FAST MOBILITY SYSTEM: MUNICIPALITY SCALE RAILWAY SYSTEM HIGHWAY SYSTEM MAIN REGIONAL ROAD SECONDARY ROAD ARTERIAL ROAD COLLECTOR ROAD LOCAL ROAD

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SOFT MOBILITY SYSTEM: MUNICIPALITY SCALE BOAT ROUTES PRINCIPAL BIKE PATH SECONDARY BIKEPATH

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B_06 READING THE DEMOGRAPHICAL DATA

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The demographic data verifies that rate of population is changing every year and looking at the current scenario it is getting to almost 49.000 in 2014. The highest percentage of age group varies from 15 to 64 which is 61% and working age group has highest ratio. This clarifies that the chances of growth of the city is higher in present days.

We decided to compare Mantova with other cities, some of similar size and some bigger in Lombardy region. The first comparison for the size of the city is population and among eight cities Mantova becomes the second in size. Then, comparing the employment rate figure it results a good ratio of employment.

However, the age of the workers is high while the number of young employees is relatively low. This could also prefigure the major possibility for the good employment in the future. Cities like Cremona and Legnago are similar in size with Mantova but in comparison with monthly rent for shops and residence they result to be much less expensive than Mantova. Even the rents for shops are quite elevated, data affecting quite a lot the living standards of the population. It is an expensive and well developed city with high standard of living and at the same time growing old. It seems that in current days Mantova has a very good economy but in future the risk is that there will be less workers and less residents.

From this analysis, we can clarify that, not only from the city context but for the whole Lombardy region, in agricultural sector the employment rate is not high as we expected it to be. Generally, the two sectors K and L, which include real estate, financial assets and insurance, are couple times higher rate than the average for Lombardy region.

Due to the development of construction in

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recent years in comparison with past years, the employment rate is promising. Artistic activities sector, sports and entertainment are also gradually increasing from the last years. Industry and manufacture are very incisive on Mantua’s economy, the Trading Chamber prospect for the next years is in fact attributing to the tertiary sectior about 40% of the economic power of the city (secondary sector 11% and primary sector 50%).

49.000

48,747 habitants

48.000

46%

54%

gender ratio

47.000

86%

46.000

14%

nationality italians // foreigners

45.000 2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

POPULATION

773,571

VERONA

23,205

BRESCIA

84,822

PARMA

77,176

PIACENZA

40,536

CREMONA

99,333

MANTUA

9,216

LEGNAGO

23,630 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

2013

2014

0.8

1

1.2

48,671

MANTUA

196,480

BRESCIA

192,836

PARMA

102,191

PIACENZA

258,765

VERONA

25,351

LEGNAGO

71,901

CREMONA

1.4

MILAN

1,345,851

MILAN

100%

0%

MONTHLY RENT SHOPS/RESIDENCE

ANNUAL INCOME PER RESIDENT

MILAN

VERONA

PARMA

BRESCIA

MANTUA

PARMA

VERONA

PIACENZA

BRESCIA

MANTUA

PIACENZA

CREMONA

CREMONA

LEGNAGO €/SQM

2012

EMPLOYMENT RATE

MILAN

M

2011

LEGNAGO 0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18 20

€

0

5K

10K

15K

20K

25K

30K

N

C

G

O

80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% -80% -100%

A

C

F

G

I

J, K, L, M

TOTAL

A B C D E

F K

F G

Q

H I

H

J K L

S

J

E

M N O

L

I

M

R

DP

P Q R S

AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHING MINING AND QUARRYING MANUFACTURING ELECTRICITY, GAS, STEAM AND AIR CONDITIONING WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE, WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECLAMATION ACTIVITIES CONSTRUCTION WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE; REPAIR OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND MOTORCYCLES TRANSPORT AND STORAGE ACCOMMODATION AND FOOD SERVICE ACTIVITIES INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SERVICES FINANCIAL ASSETS AND INSURANCE REAL ESTATE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES SECTOR, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SERVICES RENTAL, TRAVEL AGENCIES, BUSINESS SUPPORT SERVICES PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENSE; COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY EDUCATION SECTOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL WORK ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES SECTOR, SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT OTHER SERVICE ACTIVITIES

Sources: _ UrbiStat database https://ugeo.urbistat.com/AdminStat/it/it/ demograямБa dati-sintesi mantova _Post Metropoli database http://www.postmetropoli.it/atlante/

B_07 CURRENT LAND USE AND CENTRALITIES RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS PRODUCTIVE AREAS AGRICULTURAL FIELDS AND PARKS HISTORICAL BUILDINGS RESIDENTIAL EDUCATIONAL SPORT AREAS OFFICES AND SERVICES COMMERCIAL AND MIXED USE SQUARES CEMETRY

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To be able to offer the city facilities which are into current and near future demand is fundamental to study carefully the actual state and condition. Through studying the PGT plans from 2012 was possible to define a map of the commercial routes and buildings to read the commercial system, and to understand the relationship of our contribution to it. In the end, to have an exhaustive view we completed the investigation and collected it in a final plan with all the information about the function to which every area in Mantua is devoted.

After studying in detail about the gathering spaces we studied carefully the commercial areas and paths leading to the commercial activities. The city center, where most of the historical sites are found, as well as commercial buildings, is livelier. The project site seems like external part of this system.

Although, since the tracks of some of the commercial routes are in its nearby, it is emphasized the potential of the area to be included in the system. From the study of the Commercial Map it appears clear that all the main services are concentrated only in the center. The Land Use Map of Mantua’s municipality shows the types and intensities of different land uses in Mantua.

The Inferior Lakes being a natural buffer zone between the core of the city and its industrialized area is one of the greatest planning assets of the city. However, it is visible a drastic difference between the two banks in a sense of facilities and services homogeneity. A smoother transition on the banks is also needed.

This summary also shows that the core area of the city, the urban fabric among the lakes, has a greater variety of functions compared to the outer part of the city, on

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the left banks. Most of the buildings in the city center are dedicated to mixed uses, for instance commercial at the ground floor and residential at the upper levels, while in the suburbs is more frequent to have edifices and clusters with a single identity, as sheds for industrial or commercial purposes.

This study revealed to be a valuable tool in understanding what is missing in the city and how our project can face these lacks.

We can easily point out that many are the abandoned buildings. In addition, it is also evident the conflict points of incompatible land use as heavy industry and residential areas in Frassine together with IES oil refinery. Simultaneously existing since the beginning of the 50’s they are consequence of one planning, which nowadays is continuing causing issues of the healthy lifestyle of the citizens.

B_08 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND PLACEMAKING PLACEMAKING THE CITY IS INVESTING ON POTENTIAL FUTURE PLACEMAKING

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This is the study on the most popular events and activities held in the city of Mantova during the year of 2016. Most of these events are happening annually and they are becoming greater and greater people attractors. These activities belong to various typologies artistic installations, performances, exhibitions, conferences, cultural events, festivals and etc.

The purpose of these analysis is (1) to list the field of interest and their capability as attractors (2) to register the frequency of these events and to identity which are along the year the most and least active periods and (3) to map the locations where these events take place so to identify a possible system.

As a result, it is not possible to define a specific field but it can be stated that, generally, the festival happening within the lakes are relating to humanistic subjects (art, architecture, cinema, literature, music), the events located along the lake sides are involving food and sport, the ones happening on the left banks are link to the evolution of the “Multifuctories” and “Fab Labs” world and artistic performance which aim is to reactivate the public spaces not inhabited by the local community. Obviously, the most of the festivals take place in spring, summer and early fall but, eventually, there are events along the whole year. The majority of these activities are limited to the UNESCO path and mainly hosted in monuments along the “Prince Path”.

The current petrochemical area is indeed totally excluded in the system of events.

However, many initiatives recently promoted by the municipality of Mantova declare the aim of focusing on the East side of the city. In fact, whether the western urban

74

development is mainly devoted to natural reserve, port clubs and residential area, the Est side is presenting many issues among abandoned sites, critical social conditions in the suburbs, neglected green spaces. The most of the issues are linked to the left bank of Mincio, in particular the Inferior Lake.

On the one hand, the location offered by the municipality and by private investors to host the Creative Labs and Multifactories, the requalification of the sport sites and the street art performances have already worked in order to reactivate Lunetta, Mantova Frassine and Parco Canoa. On the other hand, the project of Mantova Hub is going to stress even more evidently the change of barycentre for the city. The area of Fiera Catena, San Nicolò and Diga Masetti are going to describe a new type of public space, more contemporary both for functional program and design.

Therefore, our design proposal has the responsibility to relate with the new episodes which are taking place on the right banks and to support the intention of a new urban scenario for the city of Mantua.

ANALYSIS ON EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES MANTOVA ARCHITETTURA MANTOVA CREATIVA FESTIVALETTERATURA MANTOVA MUSICA MANTOVA JAZZ SEGNI NEW GENERATION EXHIBITIONS MARKETS FATTI DI CULTURA WITHOUT FRONTIERS

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C

THE INDUSTRIAL CORE IN MANTUA: WORKING ON A SIN AREA

C_01 BELONGING TO THE SIN LIST: “LAGHI DI MANTOVA E POLO CHIMICO”

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SIN is an acronym standing for “Sito di Interesse Nazionale”: it is the denomination of all the sites recognized by the Italian State as critically affected by contamination at the point to become dangerous. Once registered to this list by the Ministry of Environment and Protection of Land and Sea (MATTM) the administration of the area is taken in charge the Ministry itself which, in some cases, can delegate the Region of act on its behalf. The procedure is established step by step by the national legislation.

In the Legislative Decree DLGS 22/97 in introduced as a duty of the Italian State the establishment of the procedure to fallow for the reclamation of critically polluted sites, defining these interventions of “national interest” (Art. 18, Comma 1-2).

The year after the law L 09/12/98, n.

426, Art. 1 comma 4 lists the fourteen sites identified as “first reclamation interventions of national interest and high environmental risk sites”. Mantova is not appearing in this classification, it will be included just in 2002. In 1999 the Ministry Decree DM 471/99 is defining the criteria, the procedures and the methods of implementation to reach the safety conditions. The DLGS 152/2006 specifies the definition of SIN as indefinable in relation to the characteristics of the site, to the quantity and the danger of the present pollutants, to the relevance of their impact on the local environment under both health and ecology point of view and to the detriment of the cultural

86

and natural assets.

According to the Italian Legislation the SIN areas are all those places in Italy where the qualitative characteristics of the lands, ground water, underground water have been largely compromised by any type of human activity happened in situ (DLGS 152/06, Art 252, comma 1). As far, these sites belong to the following categories: former industrial areas; industrial area on process to be converted to new land use destination; active industrial areas; asbestos manufacturing/ extraction sites; harbors; location of chemical’s disasters and illegal landfills, mines, caves.

The Law L 134/2012, Art 36-bis, modified the criteria of identification for a site to be SIN. Therefore, the list counts now forty.

The Ministry Decree DM 11/01/13 ranked 57 sites in 2013. The management and the reclamation process of remaining twelve are now in charge to the Regions.

These are currently the legal tools to refer to when establishing the reclamation procedures. The difference between the other contaminated sites in Italy and the SIN ones is that in the second case the procedure is defined by the Ministry and each and every land owner must submit its action plan to this administrative body to be approved. MATTM can act through national bodies as ISPRA (Istuto Superiore Per la Prevenzione e la Richerca Ambientale), ARPA/APPA (Agenzia Regionale/Provinciale per la Prevenzione

DM 471/99

DLGS 152/06 C < CSC

Result of the Characterization

Drafting a Preliminar Project

Disposing of Drosses

Evaluating the Best Technologies to Apply

Respecting the Standard Values (DM 471/99) Reaching the Security Standards

C > CSC

Reaching the Emergency Security Standards Values

Reactivation of the Area

Characterization Plan

Analysis of the Risks (CSR)

Drafting of Project of Reclamation Process C < CSR

C > CSR

Drafting of the Final Project Monitoring Actuating the Final Project

Activation of the Reclamation Process

Setting Possible Limitation in Use

Execution of the Monitoring Intervention

Reaching the Usage in Security Standards Values

1032 Ha Map showing the bounderies of the SIN area and compering their surface

MIDDLE LAKE

MANTUA INFERIOR LAKE

dell’Ambiente), Istituto Superiore della Sanità and other private of public bodies.

The DM 471/99 and DLGS 152/06 are describing the concept model of intervention, which can be divided into five phases: (1) preliminary investigation; (2) preliminary concept plan; (3) characterization plan; (4) definitive concept model; (5) reclamation process plan/risk analysis.

The DGR 28/02/2007 n. 8/4197 the Lombardy Region identified the SIN area of Mantua as ZPS (Zona di Protezione Speciale; SPA – Special Protection Area) according to the CE Decree 79/409/ PETROCHEMICAL CORE CEE. These area are recognized by the European Union as part of the program Natura 2000. The Member State have the duty to safeguard the habitats of the migratory birds. Vallazza’s Reserve is at the same time inscribed in the ZPS list, in the SIC (Site of Community Importance) list and in the ZSC (Zona Speciale di VALLAZZA Conservazione; SAC – Special Area of ]RESERVE AND Conservation).

WETLANDS

TOTAL SIN AREA

THE BIGGEST IN LOMBARDY REGION

450 Ha

VALLAZZA RESERVE AND WETLANDS

350 Ha MANTUA CITY

350 Ha

PETROCHEMICAL CORE

250 Ha

MIDDLE AND INFERIOR LAKE

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MIDDLE LAKE

MANTUA INFERIOR LAKE

PETROCHEMICAL CORE

VALLAZZA ]RESERVE AND WETLANDS

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Map showing the 31% of the total land surface of the SIN area is object of a reclamation project.

In 2002 the area denominated “Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico” got included in the SIN’s list by the law L 31/07/08, n. 179, Art 14. Its parametrization is set the year after by the DM 07/02/03 (GU12/04/2003).

Thus, Mantova became part of the nation reclamation plan. The site extension is pretty vast: it covers the 15% of the municipality’s territory (about 1000 hectares). It includes the manufacturing settlement, the Middle Lake, the Inferior Lake and the Vallazza’s Natural Reserve.

In the ground the characterization process identified the following pollutants: aromatic organic solvents, organo-halogenated solvents, light and heavy hydrocarbons, MTBE, heavy metals and locally also PCBs and PCDDs / PCDFs. Though, the process hasn’t been performed on the whole area, minor portions are still to be analyzed.

The current situatin of the land area of the SIN site (614 ha) in Mantova is: - 60% of the total land surface of the SIN area has been characterized; - 31% of the total land surface of the SIN area is object of a reclamation project; - 3% of the total land surface of the SIN area is object of reclamation projects which has already been approved by the MATTM; - 3% of the total land surface of the SIN area has been completely treated and reached concentration values under the standard values set by law.

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About the ground water, which is periodically controlled, hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and MTBE are present. In addition, a critical situation has been highlighted: the widespread presence of supernatant in correspondence of the location of IES refinery, Belleli Energy CPE, Versalis.

Moreover, in the northern side of the perimeter area it has been registered an impressively high concentration of chlorinated organic solvents. The characterization phase concluded in 2008 for the wetlands and the sediments.

The main critical aspects are located in the Vallazza’s Reserve.

A special funding has been devoted to the reclamation plan in Mantova by the DM 308/2006 (which updates the DM 468/2001). The amount of the funding is 15.722.727,00 Euro.

In May 2007 MATTM, Lombardy Region, Manuta Province, Mantua Municipality, Virgilio Municipality, San Giorgio Municipality and Parco del Mincio subscribed the agreement for the definition of emergency-security actions to execute and the reclamation process in the SIN area “Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico. The agreement has the aim to ensure the reclamation process is correctly executed without interfering with the development of the production implants of the factories located in the site. This program has been revised

Chlorine-Soda Implant

Area L

Area M e B+I

Sisma Canal Landfill Area S1 Hill Area Landfill Area W

Basso Mincio

Photo on the right page: the sample collection for the analysis of the lake sediments.

Photos on the next page: Sediments samples collected in the SIN area.

in 2013, taking into account the new funding. This document sets two phases: a first phase which lists the reclamation procedures possible to be activated immediately and a second phase which defines a program of all the reclamation process in accordance to the set aims to achieve as final goals and that at the moment cannot be activated due to the economic aspect.

Sources: Italian Legislation: DLGS 22/1997 L 09/12/1998 DM 471/1999 DM 468/2001 DM 07/02/2003 (GU12/04/2003).

DLGS 152/2006 DM 308/2006 L 31/07/2008, n. 179 L 134/2012 DM 11/01/2013 DGR 28/02/2007 n. 8/4197 EU Legislation: Decree 79/409/CEE Istitutional Bodies Websites: http www.ispram iente.gov.it it temi siticontaminati siti-di-interesse-na ionale-sin http://www.bonifiche.minambiente.it/page_ anno_34.html http www.comune.mantova.gov.it inde .php am iente siti-contaminati -sin-laghi-dimantova-e-polo-chimico https www.provincia.mantova.it conte t. jsp?ID_LINK=327&page=3&area=5&id_ context=8788 https www.provincia.mantova.it news detail. jsp?ID_NEWS=1552&GTemplate=default_new. jsp&areaNews=91

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LAKES SYSTEM AND MINCIO PARK

C_02 LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS

Mantua is governed by different regulation, undergoing from local to international legal frameworks.

The national legislative instruments are dividedin: - regional, P.O.R. – Programma Operativo Regionale and PTR – Piano Territoriale Regionale; - provincial, P.T.C.P. – Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento Provinciale; - local, P.G.T.– Piano di Governo del Territoro which is covering a wide range of topics and themes, a complete and very detail legislative instrument collecting analysis and specific guidelines for the design in the city, as the NTA – Norme Tecniche di Attuazione and PS – Piano dei Servizi.

level of criticality / degradation Loss of natural values and pre-existing impairment of banks

intervention plans / strategy Preserve the views and perception of water mirrors Protection of the elements of the banks avoiding the modification of natural characters organization of an effective system of harbors

SOUTH WEST AREA OF MANTUA

Since Mantua is a UNESCO Heritage City it must also respect all the decisions adopted during the UNESCO Conventions.

Its patrimony, is governed also by the Codice dei Beni Culturali.

On the right page: Schemes summarizing the description of the areas by PGT

This Code doesn’t protect the historical heritage only but also the natural patrimony. Together with this set of laws to preserve and enhance the natural assets there are other tools as: the European Convention of 2000 in Florence, the National Law of 1991 about the protected areas, the National Law of 1984 regarding the parks. The protected area at the European Scale in Mantua are of two tips: the SIC – Sito di Interesse Comunitaria and the ZSC –

level of criticality / degradation Presence of barriers to the principal accesses Residential mixed fabrics Degradation of the housing complex

intervention plans / strategy Connection strengthening

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PRODUCTION SITE PRODUCTION SITE LUNETTA NIEGHBOURHOOD LUNETTA NIEGHBOURHOOD PRODUCTION SITE LEFT BANK PARK LEFT BANK PARK LEFT BANK PARK LUNETTA NIEGHBOURHOOD

level of criticality level / degradation of criticality level / degradation of criticality level/of degradation criticality level / degradation of criticality level / degradation of criticality level/ of degradation criticality level / degradation of criticality / degradation level of criticality / degradation Loss of natural Loss and of impairment natural values Loss of the and of natural impairment values Presence of and the of impairment valuable Presence landscape of the of valuable in a context landscape of of valuable in a context of in a context of Seriuos problem of existing Seriuos problem and potential of Seriuos existing problem and potential of existing andvalues potential Presence landscape Banks Banks urban disorder urban disorder urban disorder contamination contamination contamination Banks pressureSettlement pressure Settlement pressure Image landscape trivialized Image landscape by building trivialized by building Missing a define criteria Missing of path a define criteria Missingofapath defineSettlement criteria of path Image landscape trivialized by building Interventions are not Interventions always adequate are Interventions not always adequate Disomogeity of blocks Disomogeity and buildings of blocks Disomogeity and buildings of blocks and buildings are not always adequate No permeable ground No permeable ground No permeable ground Degradation of the housing Degradation complex of the Degradation housing complex of the housing complex intervention plans intervention / strategy plans intervention / strategy plans / strategy Strong landscape impact Strong landscape Strong impactlandscape impact

plans intervention / strategy plans / strategy intervention plans / strategy Enhancement of the Enhancement potential connection of the Enhancement potential to the connection of intervention the potential to theconnection to the open spaces; Requalification of public Requalification facilities and of Requalification public facilities of and public facilities and Protect the integrityProtect of the banks the integrity avoiding Protect of the the banks integrity avoiding of the banks avoiding enhancement of the enhancement axes focusingofon the enhancement networking axes focusing of the on axes networking focusing on networking Design a coherent and Design efficient a coherent strategy Design and forefficient a coherent strategy and for efficientthat strategy for compromises would compromises alter thethat natural compromises would alter the that natural would alter the natural services green spaces services and green services spacesand green spaces production activities production activities production activities character and degrade character the view and degrade character the view and degrade theand view open spaces; intervention plans intervention / strategy plans intervention / strategy plans / strategy open spaces;

SAN NICOLO AND SAN PORTO NICOLO CATENA AND AREA CATENA AREACATENA AREA SOUTH EAST SIDE SOUTH AREA EAST OF MANTUA SIDE AREA OFVALLETTA MANTUA SOUTH EAST SIDE AREAVALSECCHI OF MANTUA VALLETTA NIEGHBOURHOOD VALSECCHI VALLETTA NIEGHBOURHOOD VALSECCHI NIEGHBOURHOOD SANPORTO NICOLO AND PORTO

level of criticality level / degradation of criticality / degradation level/of criticality level / degradation of criticality / degradation level/ of criticality level / degradation of criticality / degradation level of criticality degradation level of criticality degradation level of criticality / degradation Tendency to monofunctionality Tendency to monofunctionality Loss of legibility of Loss the system of legibility of theof system Presence of uprooted Presence settlements of uprooted from settlements fromsettlements Presence of uprooted from Tendency to monofunctionality Loss legibility of the system Progressive abandonment Progressive of commercial, abandonment tertiary of commercial, agricultural contextagricultural context Presencetertiary ofofimproper Presence buildings of improper transformations buildings transformations agricultural context Progressive abandonment commercial, tertiary Presence of improper buildings transformations and service and service both at the architectonic both atand theurban architectonic levels andarchitectonic urban levels and urban levels Elimination of green Elimination systems connections of green systemsof connections Elimination green systems connections and service both at the Degradation of the housing Degradation complex of the housing complex Degradation of the housing complex intervention plans intervention / strategy plans / strategy intervention plans / strategy Low care of public spaces Low care of publicLow spaces care of public spaces Conservation of public Conservation and private ofopen public spaces and private and open and spaces and open spaces and Conservation of public private intervention plans intervention / strategy plans / strategy intervention plans / strategy the identity of the historic the identity urban oflandscape thethe historic urban landscape identity of the historic urban landscape intervention plans intervention / strategy plans / strategy intervention plans / strategy Protection of habitats Protection and significant of habitats Protection vegetation and significant of habitats vegetation and significant vegetation Protection of open visual Protection and visual of open dynamics visual and dynamics Protection ofvisual open visual and visual dynamics Enhancement and Enhancement support of commercial and support of commercial Enhancement and support of of commercial systems systems systems Qualification public Qualification facilities and of public enhancement facilitiesofand enhancement Qualification public facilities and enhancement activities, tertiarypresent and activities, service;tertiaryactivities, and service; tertiary service; Mitigation of non-rural Mitigation buildings of non-rural present Mitigation buildings of non-rural present buildings ofand the axes of the axes of the axes Beware of unit complex Beware of unit complex Beware of unit complex Preservation of morphological Preservation features of morphological Preservation of features morphological features Networking of monuments, Networking services of monuments, and green services and green Networking of monuments, services and green ofconnection public spaces Redesign of public spaces of public Redesign spaces Enhancement of the Enhancement green connection of Enhancement thesystems green connection ofRedesign the green systems systems spaces spaces spaces

PGT RA2 PGT RA2 SCHEME FROM PGT Sensitivity RA2 - SENSITIVITY Sensitivity 2012 2012

Zone di Protezione Speciale. In fact, the natural reserves of Vallazza and the Ansa Valli del Mincio play a great role in the migration of the birds and as such their UNESCO HISTORICAL CENTRE UNESCO ecosystem has to preserved. Another UNESCO Historical Historical Centre Centre UNESCO BUFFER ZONE Buffer zone UNESCO Historical Centre important legislative instrument about UNESCO Buffer zone the government of the natural asset is PAI UNESCO Buffer zone Parco del Mincio border PARCO BORDERS ParcoDEL delMINCIO Mincio border – Piano di Assetto Idrologico.

Parco del Mincio border Valazza Natural Reserve VALLAZZA NATURAL RESERVE Valazza Natural Reserve Mantua is part of the Mincio Park Natural Valazza Natural Reserve Indirect protection Mantova -INDIRECT OF of MANTUA LAKES,Lakes IndirectPROTECTION protection of Mantova Lakes Reserve, which also drafts plans and Ducal Palace San Giorgio Castle system DUCAL SAN GIORGIO CASTELCastle SYTEM Indirect protection of Mantova Lakes DucalPALACE, Palace - San Giorgio system regulation for the territory governance. In Ducal Palace - San Giorgio Castle system Landscape heritage of Landscape heritage of Middle Middle and and Lower Lower the 2000 the Lombardy Region together LANDSCAPE HERITAGE OF MIDDLE lakes Landscape heritage of Middle and Lower lakes AND LOWER LAKES with Parco del Mincio drafted a very lakes SIN complete legislative framework: Piani SIN area area border border SIN BORDERS SINAREA area border di Gestione dei Siti Natura 2000. This is belonging to the system Natura 200, which work on an international scale to ensure the protection of the migration paths.

The main documents for the governance

by Parco del Mincio in the area of Mantua are: - P.T.C. – Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento (DGR 28/6/00, n. 7/193 and DGR 22/12/10 n.9/1041); - Piano di gestione Siti Natura 2000 of ZPS – Zona di Protezione Speciale and SIC – Sito di Importanza Comunitaria IT20B0010 “Vallazza”; - Piano di gestione Siti Natura 2000 of SIC IT20B0017 “Ansa e Valli del Mincio” and ZPS IT20B0009 “Valli del Mincio”; - P.I.F. – Piano di Indirizzo Forestale (which is includig VAS – Valutazione Ambientale Strategica).

The areas were nominated Natural

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Reserves by law. Valli del Mincio in 1984 by the Regional Decree DCR 11/10/1984, n.1739 and “Vallazza” by the DCR 24/01/1991, n. 102.

The PGT plan is the most complete document, offering not just the result of the surveys, the projection and the guidelines for the future development of the city, but also the reference to all the legal tools meant to rule the territory.

As fully described in the previous chapter, the SIN area is undergoing specific laws and action procedures which are due to the very critical and dangerous condition of the site.

Portion of the PGT Map “Previsioni di Piano”

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C_03 THE MAIN PRODUCTIVE COMPANIES BASED IN THE SIN AREA

IES REFINERY: THE RADICAL TRANSFORMATION

53.6 Ha IES - MOL GROUP

Image on the left page: Scheme about IES â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MOLGROUP properties, including Belleli Photo on the right page: Satellite photo of IES productive area from Bing Maps

Sources: Media: http ga ettadimantova.gelocal.it mantova cronaca news sette-pianiper-il-post-ies-la-societa-chiamata-aindividuare-la-miglior-proposta-c-e-moltointeresse- .

CRUDE OIL PETROL

KEROSENE

DIESEL

FUEL

GAS

&

OIL

LIQUID

SALFUR

PROCESSING

PRODUCING MARKETING TRADING LOGISICS ELETRICITY COMPRESSED AIR & GAS CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA POLYSTYRENE HYDROCLORIC ACID BASIC CHEMICALS STEEL MANUFACTURING AVAILABLE ACTIVITY TERMINATED ACTIVITY CURRENT ACTIVITY

NUCLEAR REACTORS MANUFACTURING DETAIL ENGINEERING CRITICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT ENVIROMENTAL

REMEDIATION

STORAGING

TRANSPORTATION

SHIPPING

WASTE

LOGISTICS

The last couple of years have been hard times of transformation for the company.

In 2015 the company declared losses estimated in â&#x201A;Ź65 million, when in the following year they decreased to â&#x201A;Ź10 million. Since 2013, when the refinery has officially stopped its core business. IES become no longer related to refining crude oil, rather to trading and logistics, which is also due acquisition of the company by the Hungarian multinational oil and gas company MOL Group. Additionally, the company buys end-of-life ships around the world and distributes them to those who then sell it back to the final consumer, including other oil companies.

Up to now in 2017 the losses are balanced around zero.

According to the Managing director of IES, Maurizio Migliarotti, in an interview given for Gazzetta di Mantova in April 2017, the short-term program of the company in the 2017-2020 period is consolidation of the downstream sector, including presence on the market, regaining market share and cost control.

Moreover, a required commercial repositioning and development of new skills by all employees has been applied, regardless of age. Currently, 100 job positions are occupied. Today, the IES hub moves around a million tons of abundant product. Looking further by 2030, the company does not exclude activities in new areas.

In 2015 several business plans for activities expansion have been on the table. Some,

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Sources: Mantua Leglislation: Piano overno erritorio, P attuazione, 2012

orme tecniche di

Media: “Il turbogas continua a fare utili. Al socio Tea arrivano , milioni , a riele De Stefani, a etta di antova, ugust Websites: http://www.syndial.it “The Fortune Global 500”, 2016

which would partially keep the current equipment and facilities, including algae biofuels, animal biogas, bio-refinery methanol and hydroponic crops. Other activities included phytoremediation, oil trading and start-up incubator.

An on-going project, called Sphere2020, envisages dismantling of six storage tanks close to Brennero Street and replacing them with experimental open-air “urban forest”, meant to remediate the area.

Already conventional phytoremediation types of trees, as well as such never tested before, will be planted, in order to convert the area as a pilot laboratory analyzed zone. All collected data will be subjected to a statistical analysis to evaluate the validity of the treatments, according to the press release of the project in 2016.

Currently, the storage availability of the former refinery is in total of 60 tanks with capacities of 66,000m3 and 33,000m3.

In the strategy of re-industrialization, 35 of those are planned to be dismissed.

“Taking away the tanks that IES will not use will be essential to promote the reindustrialization of the area”, says the Enviromental commissioner Vanna Segala from the Ministry of Economic Development in a interview given in 2015.

However, major part of the rest of the tanks are still used as a storage for fuel, which belongs actually to the State and IES does not have authority over it.

On top: Photo of IES factory, Photo-collage of the project Sphere 2020 On right: Photo of IES factory

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Image on the left page: Scheme about Versalis properties Photo on the right page: Satellite photo of ENI, Versalis, EniPower, Syndial productive area from Bing Maps Images on the next page: Schemes about EniPower and Syndial

THE SIX-LEGGED DOG: VERSALIS, ENIPOWER AND SYNDIAL

125 Ha VERSALIS

Sources: Reports: Polimeri Europe, Aggiornamento Dichiarazione m ientale, antova, EniVersalis, Aggiornamento Dichiarazione m ientale, antova, Websites: http://www.syndial.it h t t p w w w. e n i p o w e r. i t i t p a g e s d o v e operiamo enipower-mantova enipowermantova.shtml

CRUDE OIL PETROL

KEROSENE

DIESEL

FUEL

GAS

&

OIL

LIQUID

SALFUR

PROCESSING

PRODUCING MARKETING TRADING LOGISICS ELETRICITY COMPRESSED AIR & GAS CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA POLYSTYRENE HYDROCLORIC ACID BASIC CHEMICALS STEEL MANUFACTURING AVAILABLE ACTIVITY TERMINATED ACTIVITY CURRENT ACTIVITY

NUCLEAR REACTORS MANUFACTURING DETAIL ENGINEERING CRITICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT ENVIROMENTAL

REMEDIATION

STORAGING

TRANSPORTATION

SHIPPING

WASTE

LOGISTICS

Currently, the majority of area of the petrochemical plant within its established borders from the last century is controled by Versalis, which is a sole shareholder subject to the multinational ENIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s management and coordination.

The Mantua plant is spread over a total area of 125 hectares, including other companies such as EniPower (production and marketing of electricity and steam production) and SOL Group (production and marketing of compressed air and gas). The company is a successor of PolimeriEuropa, the recent operator in the petrochemical plant in Mantua until 2012.

It manages the production and marketing of petrochemicals (basic chemicals, styrene, elastomers, polyethylene), relying on a range of proprietary technologies, plants at the forefront, a widespread and efficient distribution network.n EniPower company operates on a small portion of the north part of the establishment, having two natural gas power plants, since 2005. The plant produces electricity that is partially sold in the national network and partially distributed to co-owned companies, and process steam that is used by the petrochemical site. It partners together with the local energy distributor Tea S.p.A. Since 2011 has a constant increase of profit every each year and in 2016 it breaches the 30 million euros barrier for the first time in its history. Nowadays, it has 51 people working.n Syndial is an ENI company that

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11.8 Ha

72.3 Ha

ENIPOWER

SYNDIAL

provides integrated service in the field of environmental rehabilitation through procurement, engineering and project implementation and waste logistics.

Its activity is within environmental remediation and environmental restoration through the application of advanced and sustainable technologies.

They usually deal with sites of national interest and in other industrial sites of ENI in order to allow new initiatives for re-industrialization.n Currently they are

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operating on land located both inside and outside the petrochemical site fence.

In contrast with IES refinery, here on the territory of Versalis, the establishment is very much active with constant undergoing upgrading activities of equipment or remediation processes.

ENI currently being worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 11th largest industrial companyn, respectively has strong based environment and innovation strategies. The company is gradually dealing with the chemical hazards on

site with multiple on-going remediation projects and has the will of transforming its business into environmentally friendly energy company, also dealing with bioenergy and biofuel.

Top: Photo of ENI productive settlements Right: Photo of Syndial productive settlements

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Image on the left page: Scheme about Belleli properties Photos on the right page: Belleliâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s products via waterways

BELLELI: WORLD PLAYER FROM A MEDIUM SIZE CITY

25.5 Ha BELLELI

Sources: Websites: http://www.belleli.it/history/

CRUDE OIL PETROL

KEROSENE

DIESEL

FUEL

GAS

&

OIL

LIQUID

SALFUR

PROCESSING

PRODUCING MARKETING TRADING LOGISICS ELETRICITY COMPRESSED AIR & GAS CHLORINE CAUSTIC SODA POLYSTYRENE HYDROCLORIC ACID BASIC CHEMICALS STEEL MANUFACTURING AVAILABLE ACTIVITY TERMINATED ACTIVITY CURRENT ACTIVITY

NUCLEAR REACTORS MANUFACTURING DETAIL ENGINEERING CRITICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT

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ENVIROMENTAL

REMEDIATION

STORAGING

TRANSPORTATION

SHIPPING

WASTE

LOGISTICS

For the past 10 years Belleli established itself strongly in the Middle East, having couple of thousands of employees and multiple branches. 90% of its production is directed to foreign markets, which includes also US and Russia. Today the companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s scope is dedicated mainly to detail engineering, manufacturing and assembling of evaporators and brine heaters, storage tanks, manufacturing of pressure equipment.

Nevertheless, in the late years the company of Belleli has been on a downhill with minimum stock value and troubles in management. That had led to multiple redundancies of employees, strikes on Mantuaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s streets and following selling of the company to an US buyer in 2016. The company still owns the same land in the south-west part of the petrochemical site and its borders never changed.

Nowadays, one year after the acquisition, the company is able to generate healthy profit and look forward to new markets and now is going after Southeast Asia. Having on its disposal the significant private port, the vision for future growth includes also the establishment of Valdaro Port. The company plans for constructing of a new maxi barge (flat-bottomed transport boat) after Valdaro basin is finished.

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C_04 ACTORS AND STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED

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For the project to be effective it is important to answer to usersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs. Thus, it is fundamental to identify who are the actors and the stakeholders involved in the project area. The first step was to organize them from super local to local, then, divide them in governmental and non-governmental.

Understand which are the parties interested in the design area is of remarkable meaning. More than the needs of the users and the possible investors, it helps in understanding the social dynamics connected to the site that must be taken into account. Each and every stakeholder is going to be involved in different stages of the design process, according to their role: some during the pre-design phase, others for the whole lasting, some others just in the end. The most the proposal decreases the gap in the interest of the stakeholders the better it is to reach an outcome which satisfy the most all the needs.

For these reasons, we decided to analyze the fields of interest of all the identified actors, to be able to collect them into thematic cluster and to understand whether there are significant contrasts.

The themes are five: environment, heritage, production, tourism and community. The labels on the left refers to institutional partners and public bodies and the ones on the right are referring to non-governmental bodies, local actors and private investors.

This study highlights how public bodies

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have interest in more than one field, while the private actors have more specific interests. It is also important to point out the existence of many associations and institution which defend the role of the production site as community heritage. Not all the stakeholders are going to be involved in the same way. Some of them will just be consulting bodies, some others will be involved into design actions, some others will not partecipare to the design process but will use the space just after the complement of the project.

The intention during the development of the thesis was to answer the real needs of these territory. Therefore, many interviews have been performed to both users and residents in the site and to experts in the ones identified as main theme of interest. Also, the interview to the professionals helped in understanding the critical environmental condition, the ongoing process, the weaknesses in the urban texture, the legal framework controlling the territory and the development of the social dynamics in the area. All these contributions have been fundamental for the complement of MANTOVA 2050.

ENGO ENVIRONMENTAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION EARTHWATCH INSTITUTE FFI FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL

BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL IPEN INTERNATIONAL POPs ELIMINATION NETWORK

F FORMER DIRECTOR OF PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL P DEPARTMENT, MANTUA PROVINCE D FFORMER PROFESSOR IN POLIMI

MARIA CRISTINA TREU M

URBAN PLANNER POLITECNICO DI MILANO, MANTUA CAMPUS

URBAN PLANNER C SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANT TO PLAN OF O GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY (PTC) OFF MANTUA, 2003, 2012 FORMER PROFESSOR IN POLIMI O

PROF. SABRINA SAPONARO

SOIL REMEDIATION ENGINEER POLITECNICO DI MILANO, LEONARDO CAMPUS

THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON MONUMENTS AND SITES WWF WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE EIECES CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION ADMINISTRATION BODIES

PROF. CARLO PERABONI

FAI FONDO AMBIENTE ITALIANO

NATIONAL CONTROL AGENCIES

MANTUA MUNICIPALITY, URBAN PLANNING DEPARTMENT

WETLANDS INTERNATIONAL

EUROPEAN UNION STATO ITALIANO AND MINISTRIES LOMBARDIA REAGION

CONFINDUSTRIA SERVIZI INNOVATIVI E TECNOLOGICI

MANTOVA MUNICIPALITY MANTOVA PROVINCE

CONFINDUSTRIA CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE DELL’INDUSTRIA ITALIANA

PROVINCE POLICE MUNICIPAL POLICE

CONFAPI CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA

GUARDIA FORESTALE DELLO STATO

FEDERCHIMICA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’INDUSTRIA CHIMICA

GUARDIA DI FINANZA

FEDERMECCANICA FEDERAZIONE SINDACALE INDUSTRIA METALMECCANICA ITALIANA

ARMA DEI CARABINIERI

CONFARTIGIANATO IMPRESE

ISPRA ISTITUTO SUPERIORE PER LA PROTEZIONE E LA RICERCA AMBIENTALE

UNIONTESSILE UNIONE NAZIONALE PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA TESSILE ABBIGLIAMENTO CALZATURE

INEA ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA

CNA CONFEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’ARTIGIANATO E DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA IMPRESA

CNR CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE

TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

SD & HSE COUNTRY COORDINATOR MOL GROUP - IES, MANTUA

NATIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

INTERREGIONAL AGENCY RIVER PO

LUCA PERBONI

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS

BIODIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL

GIANCARLO LEONI G

FRANCESCA PAINI

CONFCOMMERCIO CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA DELLE IMPRESE, DELLE ATTIVITÀ PROFSSSIONALI E DEL LAVORO AUTONOMO

ISFOL ISTITUTO PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE DEI LAVORATORI INAIL ISTITUTO NAZIONALE PER L’ASSICURAZIONE CONTRO GLI INFORTUNI SUL LAVORO

CONFESERCENTI ASSOTURISMO

ISS ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ

CONFPROFESSIONI AUTORITÀ DI BACINO ( L.R. 6/2012)

ANIDA ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALE DELLE IMPRESE PER LA DIFESA DELL’AMBIENTE

ASL AZIENDA SANITARIA LOCALE ASP AZIENDE DI SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA

ANIMA FEDERAZIONE DELLE ASSOCIAZIONI NAZIONALI DELL’INDUSTRIA MECCANICA VARIA ED AFFINE

EXPLORA SCPA

COLDIRETTI

ARIFIL AGENZIA REGIONALE PER L’ISTRUZIONE, LAFORMAZIONE E IL LAVORO

CGIL CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALANA DEL LAVORO

ERSAF ENTE REGIONALE PER I SERVIZI ALL’AGRICOLTURA E ALLE FORESTE

CISL CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA SINDACATI LAVORATORI

PARCO DEL MINCIO

UIL UNIONE ITALIANA DEL LAVORO

ALER AZIENDE LOMBARDE PER L'EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE

FNA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE AGRICOLTURA

CONSORZI DI BONIFICA

TRADE UNIONS IN MANTOVA

REGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

ARPA AGENZIA REGIONALE PER LA PROGETTAZIONE DELL’AMBINTE INFRASTRUTTURE LOMBARDE S.P.A

ARCA AZIENDA REGIONALE CENTRALE ACQUISTI S.P.A PRIVATE-LAW BODIES CONTROLLED

BY LOMBARDY REGION

CO-MANTOVA FLA FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA PER L’AMBIENTE FONDAZIONE MINOPRIO

FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA FILM COMMISSION

MANTUA MUNICIPALITY UNICIPALIT

IUCN INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

D5 DIGITAL 5 INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

Σ! EUREKA IRENA INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY COST EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OECD ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT EU-OSHA EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

EEA EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY REEEP RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PARTNERSHIP

ACADEMIC INSTITUTION

DIRECT USERS

TOURISTS

WORKERS

STUDENTS

RESIDENTS

UNISDR UNITED NATIONS OFFICEFOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

UNIONE SPORTIVA MANTOVANA ROTARY CLUB MANTOVA LIONS CLUB MANTOVA SOCIETÀ CANOTTIERI MINCIO PANTACON ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE RUM ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE FABLAB ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE PAPILLON

COLORI FREDDI

ANDES NAVI

TEA

SYNDIAL

BELLELI

MOL GROUP - IES

RETE LUNETTA CARIPLO FONDAZIONE FITZCARRALDO FONDAZIONE GOLINELLI UBI COMUNITÀ FONDAZIONE BRACCO FONDAZIONE ITALIANA ACCENTURE ACRI ASSOCIAZIONE DI FONDAZIONI E DI CASSE DI RISPARMIO SPA ASSOCIAZIONE ARCHEOLOGIA INDUSTRIALE TICCIH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE ISEC FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO PER LA STORIA DELL’ETÀ CONTEMPORANEA AIPAI ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA PER IL PATRIMONIO ARCHEOLOGICO INDUSTIRALE MUSEIMPRESA ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA ARCHIVI E MUSEI D’IMPRESA

FONDAZIONE UNIVERMANTOVA

TOURISTS

UNIVERSITY OF MILAN

WORKERS

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

STUDENTS

UNIVERSITY OF BRESCIA

RESIDENTS

KINDERGARTEN

HIGH SCHOOLS

ENI POWER

LOCALLY BASED INSTITUTIONS

ICCROM INTERNATIONAL CENTER OR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS

SOGEFI

ENIPOWER

ITAS

SOL

ENVIRONMENT 48 41

LOCAL PEOPLE LOCALLY BASED ASSOCIATIONS COMPANY OWNERS

DIRECT USERS

LOCALLY BASED ASSOCIATIONS

INERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIENCE

LOCALLY BASED COMPANIES

PRIVATE

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION

POLIMI

CGIL MANTUA CONFINDUSTRIA MANTUA MANTUA PROVINCE

MOL GROUP - IES

UNEP UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

CONSORZIO VIRGILIANO

PUBLIC

ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FOUNDATIONS

VERSALIS

UNESCO UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CUTLURAL ORGANIZATION

EA ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY

VERSALIS

FABLAB MANTOVA

FRRB FONDAZIONE REGIONALE PER LA RICERCA BIOMEDICA

UNIDO UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORAGANIZATION

AMBIENTHESIS

ASPEF - AZIENDA SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA E ALLE FAMIGLIE

EARTHWATCH INSTITUTE

FFI FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL

FFI FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL

BIODIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL

BIODIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL

BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL IPEN INTERNATIONAL POPs ELIMINATION NETWORK FAI FONDO AMBIENTE ITALIANO THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON MONUMENTS AND SITES

BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL IPEN INTERNATIONAL POPs ELIMINATION NETWORK FAI FONDO AMBIENTE ITALIANO THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON MONUMENTS AND SITES

WWF WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE

WWF WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE

ADMINISTRATION BODIES

STATO ITALIANO AND MINISTRIES LOMBARDIA REAGION CONFINDUSTRIA SERVIZI INNOVATIVI E TECNOLOGICI

MANTOVA MUNICIPALITY MANTOVA PROVINCE

CONFAPI CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA

GUARDIA FORESTALE DELLO STATO

FEDERCHIMICA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’INDUSTRIA CHIMICA

GUARDIA DI FINANZA

NATIONAL CONTROL AGENCIES

CONFINDUSTRIA CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE DELL’INDUSTRIA ITALIANA

PROVINCE POLICE MUNICIPAL POLICE

FEDERMECCANICA FEDERAZIONE SINDACALE INDUSTRIA METALMECCANICA ITALIANA

ARMA DEI CARABINIERI

CONFARTIGIANATO IMPRESE

INTERREGIONAL AGENCY RIVER PO

UNIONTESSILE UNIONE NAZIONALE PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA TESSILE ABBIGLIAMENTO CALZATURE

INEA ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA

CNA CONFEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’ARTIGIANATO E DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA IMPRESA

CNR CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE

CONFCOMMERCIO CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA DELLE IMPRESE, DELLE ATTIVITÀ PROFSSSIONALI E DEL LAVORO AUTONOMO

ISFOL ISTITUTO PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE DEI LAVORATORI INAIL ISTITUTO NAZIONALE PER L’ASSICURAZIONE CONTRO GLI INFORTUNI SUL LAVORO

CONFESERCENTI ASSOTURISMO

ISS ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ

STATO ITALIANO AND MINISTRIES LOMBARDIA REAGION CONFINDUSTRIA SERVIZI INNOVATIVI E TECNOLOGICI

MANTOVA MUNICIPALITY MANTOVA PROVINCE

CONFINDUSTRIA CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE DELL’INDUSTRIA ITALIANA

PROVINCE POLICE MUNICIPAL POLICE

CONFAPI CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA

GUARDIA FORESTALE DELLO STATO

FEDERCHIMICA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’INDUSTRIA CHIMICA

GUARDIA DI FINANZA

FEDERMECCANICA FEDERAZIONE SINDACALE INDUSTRIA METALMECCANICA ITALIANA

ARMA DEI CARABINIERI

CONFARTIGIANATO IMPRESE

ISPRA ISTITUTO SUPERIORE PER LA PROTEZIONE E LA RICERCA AMBIENTALE

UNIONTESSILE UNIONE NAZIONALE PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA TESSILE ABBIGLIAMENTO CALZATURE

INEA ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA

CNA CONFEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’ARTIGIANATO E DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA IMPRESA

CNR CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE

CONFCOMMERCIO CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA DELLE IMPRESE, DELLE ATTIVITÀ PROFSSSIONALI E DEL LAVORO AUTONOMO

ISFOL ISTITUTO PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE DEI LAVORATORI INAIL ISTITUTO NAZIONALE PER L’ASSICURAZIONE CONTRO GLI INFORTUNI SUL LAVORO

CONFESERCENTI ASSOTURISMO

ISS ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ

CONFPROFESSIONI AUTORITÀ DI BACINO ( L.R. 6/2012)

ASP AZIENDE DI SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA

ASP AZIENDE DI SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA

ARPA AGENZIA REGIONALE PER LA PROGETTAZIONE DELL’AMBINTE

COLDIRETTI

CISL CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA SINDACATI LAVORATORI

PARCO DEL MINCIO

UIL UNIONE ITALIANA DEL LAVORO

ALER AZIENDE LOMBARDE PER L'EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE

FNA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE AGRICOLTURA

CONSORZI DI BONIFICA

COLDIRETTI

INFRASTRUTTURE LOMBARDE S.P.A ARIFIL AGENZIA REGIONALE PER L’ISTRUZIONE, LAFORMAZIONE E IL LAVORO

CGIL CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALANA DEL LAVORO

ERSAF ENTE REGIONALE PER I SERVIZI ALL’AGRICOLTURA E ALLE FORESTE

CISL CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA SINDACATI LAVORATORI

PARCO DEL MINCIO

UIL UNIONE ITALIANA DEL LAVORO

ALER AZIENDE LOMBARDE PER L'EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE

FNA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE AGRICOLTURA

CONSORZI DI BONIFICA

ARCA AZIENDA REGIONALE CENTRALE ACQUISTI S.P.A

ARCA AZIENDA REGIONALE CENTRALE ACQUISTI S.P.A

ASPEF - AZIENDA SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA E ALLE FAMIGLIE

FONDAZIONE MINOPRIO

FABLAB MANTOVA

FRRB FONDAZIONE REGIONALE PER LA RICERCA BIOMEDICA

CONSORZIO VIRGILIANO

FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA FILM COMMISSION

UNIONE SPORTIVA MANTOVANA ROTARY CLUB MANTOVA

UNIDO UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORAGANIZATION

SOCIETÀ CANOTTIERI MINCIO

RETE LUNETTA

D5 DIGITAL 5

CARIPLO

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION

FONDAZIONE FITZCARRALDO

Σ! EUREKA

FONDAZIONE GOLINELLI

IRENA INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

UBI COMUNITÀ

COST EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FONDAZIONE BRACCO

OECD ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

FONDAZIONE ITALIANA ACCENTURE ACRI ASSOCIAZIONE DI FONDAZIONI E DI CASSE DI RISPARMIO SPA

EU-OSHA EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

EEA EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY

UNISDR UNITED NATIONS OFFICEFOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

HERITAGE 26 41

STUDENTS RESIDENTS

KINDERGARTEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS HIGH SCHOOLS

LOCAL PEOPLE LOCALLY BASED ASSOCIATIONS COMPANY OWNERS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE RUM ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE FABLAB ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE PAPILLON RETE LUNETTA CARIPLO FONDAZIONE FITZCARRALDO FONDAZIONE GOLINELLI UBI COMUNITÀ

COST EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OECD ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT EU-OSHA EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

REEEP RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PARTNERSHIP INERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIENCE ICCROM INTERNATIONAL CENTER OR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY UNISDR UNITED NATIONS OFFICEFOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

FONDAZIONE BRACCO

COMMUNITY 29 47

FONDAZIONE ITALIANA ACCENTURE ACRI ASSOCIAZIONE DI FONDAZIONI E DI CASSE DI RISPARMIO SPA ASSOCIAZIONE ARCHEOLOGIA INDUSTRIALE TICCIH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE ISEC FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO PER LA STORIA DELL’ETÀ CONTEMPORANEA AIPAI ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA PER IL PATRIMONIO ARCHEOLOGICO INDUSTIRALE MUSEIMPRESA ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA ARCHIVI E MUSEI D’IMPRESA

FONDAZIONE UNIVERMANTOVA

TOURISTS

UNIVERSITY OF MILAN

WORKERS

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

STUDENTS

UNIVERSITY OF BRESCIA

RESIDENTS

KINDERGARTEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS HIGH SCHOOLS

LOCAL PEOPLE LOCALLY BASED ASSOCIATIONS COMPANY OWNERS

DIRECT USERS

WORKERS

PANTACON

IRENA INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

EEA EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY

DIRECT USERS

UNIVERSITY OF MILAN POLITECNICO DI MILANO UNIVERSITY OF BRESCIA

SOCIETÀ CANOTTIERI MINCIO

Σ! EUREKA

EA ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY

MUSEIMPRESA ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA ARCHIVI E MUSEI D’IMPRESA

TOURISTS

LIONS CLUB MANTOVA

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION

AIPAI ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA PER IL PATRIMONIO ARCHEOLOGICO INDUSTIRALE

FONDAZIONE UNIVERMANTOVA

ROTARY CLUB MANTOVA

D5 DIGITAL 5

ISEC FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO PER LA STORIA DELL’ETÀ CONTEMPORANEA

INERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIENCE

UNIONE SPORTIVA MANTOVANA

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION

TICCIH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

REEEP RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PARTNERSHIP

CONSORZIO VIRGILIANO

IUCN INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

ASSOCIAZIONE ARCHEOLOGIA INDUSTRIALE

EA ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY

FABLAB MANTOVA

FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA FILM COMMISSION

UNEP UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE PAPILLON

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION

FONDAZIONE MINOPRIO FRRB FONDAZIONE REGIONALE PER LA RICERCA BIOMEDICA

ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FOUNDATIONS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE FABLAB

IUCN INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FOUNDATIONS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE RUM

ASPEF - AZIENDA SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA E ALLE FAMIGLIE

UNESCO UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CUTLURAL ORGANIZATION

PANTACON

UNEP UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

FLA FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA PER L’AMBIENTE

UNIDO UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORAGANIZATION

LIONS CLUB MANTOVA

UNESCO UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CUTLURAL ORGANIZATION

ACADEMIC INSTITUTION

PRIVATE-LAW BODIES CONTROLLED

BY LOMBARDY REGION

FLA FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA PER L’AMBIENTE

CO-MANTOVA

ACADEMIC INSTITUTION

PRIVATE-LAW BODIES CONTROLLED

BY LOMBARDY REGION

CO-MANTOVA

ICCROM INTERNATIONAL CENTER OR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

TRADE UNIONS IN MANTOVA

CGIL CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALANA DEL LAVORO

ERSAF ENTE REGIONALE PER I SERVIZI ALL’AGRICOLTURA E ALLE FORESTE

TRADE UNIONS IN MANTOVA

ARIFIL AGENZIA REGIONALE PER L’ISTRUZIONE, LAFORMAZIONE E IL LAVORO

ANIMA FEDERAZIONE DELLE ASSOCIAZIONI NAZIONALI DELL’INDUSTRIA MECCANICA VARIA ED AFFINE

EXPLORA SCPA

REGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

ARPA AGENZIA REGIONALE PER LA PROGETTAZIONE DELL’AMBINTE INFRASTRUTTURE LOMBARDE S.P.A

ANIDA ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALE DELLE IMPRESE PER LA DIFESA DELL’AMBIENTE

ASL AZIENDA SANITARIA LOCALE

ANIMA FEDERAZIONE DELLE ASSOCIAZIONI NAZIONALI DELL’INDUSTRIA MECCANICA VARIA ED AFFINE

EXPLORA SCPA

REGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

CONFPROFESSIONI AUTORITÀ DI BACINO ( L.R. 6/2012)

ANIDA ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALE DELLE IMPRESE PER LA DIFESA DELL’AMBIENTE

ASL AZIENDA SANITARIA LOCALE

TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

ISPRA ISTITUTO SUPERIORE PER LA PROTEZIONE E LA RICERCA AMBIENTALE

WETLANDS INTERNATIONAL

EUROPEAN UNION

INTERREGIONAL AGENCY RIVER PO TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

NATIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

EIECES CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION

WETLANDS INTERNATIONAL

NATIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

NATIONAL CONTROL AGENCIES

ADMINISTRATION BODIES

EIECES CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION EUROPEAN UNION

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS

ENGO ENVIRONMENTAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

EARTHWATCH INSTITUTE

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS

ENGO ENVIRONMENTAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

EARTHWATCH INSTITUTE

FFI FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL

FFI FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL

BIODIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL

BIODIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL

BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL IPEN INTERNATIONAL POPs ELIMINATION NETWORK FAI FONDO AMBIENTE ITALIANO THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON MONUMENTS AND SITES

BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL IPEN INTERNATIONAL POPs ELIMINATION NETWORK FAI FONDO AMBIENTE ITALIANO THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON MONUMENTS AND SITES

WWF WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE

WWF WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE

ADMINISTRATION BODIES

STATO ITALIANO AND MINISTRIES LOMBARDIA REAGION CONFINDUSTRIA SERVIZI INNOVATIVI E TECNOLOGICI

MANTOVA MUNICIPALITY MANTOVA PROVINCE

CONFAPI CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA

GUARDIA FORESTALE DELLO STATO

FEDERCHIMICA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’INDUSTRIA CHIMICA

GUARDIA DI FINANZA

NATIONAL CONTROL AGENCIES

CONFINDUSTRIA CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE DELL’INDUSTRIA ITALIANA

PROVINCE POLICE MUNICIPAL POLICE

FEDERMECCANICA FEDERAZIONE SINDACALE INDUSTRIA METALMECCANICA ITALIANA

ARMA DEI CARABINIERI

CONFARTIGIANATO IMPRESE

INTERREGIONAL AGENCY RIVER PO

UNIONTESSILE UNIONE NAZIONALE PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA TESSILE ABBIGLIAMENTO CALZATURE

INEA ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA

CNA CONFEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’ARTIGIANATO E DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA IMPRESA

CNR CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE

CONFCOMMERCIO CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA DELLE IMPRESE, DELLE ATTIVITÀ PROFSSSIONALI E DEL LAVORO AUTONOMO

ISFOL ISTITUTO PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE DEI LAVORATORI INAIL ISTITUTO NAZIONALE PER L’ASSICURAZIONE CONTRO GLI INFORTUNI SUL LAVORO

CONFESERCENTI ASSOTURISMO

ISS ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ

STATO ITALIANO AND MINISTRIES LOMBARDIA REAGION CONFINDUSTRIA SERVIZI INNOVATIVI E TECNOLOGICI

MANTOVA MUNICIPALITY MANTOVA PROVINCE

CONFINDUSTRIA CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE DELL’INDUSTRIA ITALIANA

PROVINCE POLICE MUNICIPAL POLICE

CONFAPI CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA

GUARDIA FORESTALE DELLO STATO

FEDERCHIMICA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’INDUSTRIA CHIMICA

GUARDIA DI FINANZA

FEDERMECCANICA FEDERAZIONE SINDACALE INDUSTRIA METALMECCANICA ITALIANA

ARMA DEI CARABINIERI

CONFARTIGIANATO IMPRESE

ISPRA ISTITUTO SUPERIORE PER LA PROTEZIONE E LA RICERCA AMBIENTALE

UNIONTESSILE UNIONE NAZIONALE PICCOLA E MEDIA INDUSTRIA TESSILE ABBIGLIAMENTO CALZATURE

INEA ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI ECONOMIA AGRARIA

CNA CONFEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE DELL’ARTIGIANATO E DELLA PICCOLA E MEDIA IMPRESA

CNR CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE

CONFCOMMERCIO CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALIANA DELLE IMPRESE, DELLE ATTIVITÀ PROFSSSIONALI E DEL LAVORO AUTONOMO

ISFOL ISTITUTO PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE DEI LAVORATORI INAIL ISTITUTO NAZIONALE PER L’ASSICURAZIONE CONTRO GLI INFORTUNI SUL LAVORO

CONFESERCENTI ASSOTURISMO

ISS ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ

CONFPROFESSIONI AUTORITÀ DI BACINO ( L.R. 6/2012)

ASP AZIENDE DI SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA

ASP AZIENDE DI SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA

ARPA AGENZIA REGIONALE PER LA PROGETTAZIONE DELL’AMBINTE

COLDIRETTI

CISL CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA SINDACATI LAVORATORI

PARCO DEL MINCIO

UIL UNIONE ITALIANA DEL LAVORO

ALER AZIENDE LOMBARDE PER L'EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE

FNA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE AGRICOLTURA

CONSORZI DI BONIFICA

COLDIRETTI

INFRASTRUTTURE LOMBARDE S.P.A ARIFIL AGENZIA REGIONALE PER L’ISTRUZIONE, LAFORMAZIONE E IL LAVORO

CGIL CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALANA DEL LAVORO

ERSAF ENTE REGIONALE PER I SERVIZI ALL’AGRICOLTURA E ALLE FORESTE

CISL CONFEDERAZIONE ITALIANA SINDACATI LAVORATORI

PARCO DEL MINCIO

UIL UNIONE ITALIANA DEL LAVORO

ALER AZIENDE LOMBARDE PER L'EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE

FNA FEDERAZIONE NAZIONALE AGRICOLTURA

CONSORZI DI BONIFICA

ARCA AZIENDA REGIONALE CENTRALE ACQUISTI S.P.A

ARCA AZIENDA REGIONALE CENTRALE ACQUISTI S.P.A

ASPEF - AZIENDA SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA E ALLE FAMIGLIE

FONDAZIONE MINOPRIO

FABLAB MANTOVA

FRRB FONDAZIONE REGIONALE PER LA RICERCA BIOMEDICA

CONSORZIO VIRGILIANO

FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA FILM COMMISSION

UNIONE SPORTIVA MANTOVANA ROTARY CLUB MANTOVA

UNIDO UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORAGANIZATION

SOCIETÀ CANOTTIERI MINCIO

RETE LUNETTA

D5 DIGITAL 5

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

Σ! EUREKA IRENA INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY COST EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OECD ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT EU-OSHA EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK EA ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY EEA EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY REEEP RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PARTNERSHIP INERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIENCE ICCROM INTERNATIONAL CENTER OR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY UNISDR UNITED NATIONS OFFICEFOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

PRODUCTION 39 45

CARIPLO FONDAZIONE FITZCARRALDO FONDAZIONE GOLINELLI UBI COMUNITÀ FONDAZIONE BRACCO FONDAZIONE ITALIANA ACCENTURE ACRI ASSOCIAZIONE DI FONDAZIONI E DI CASSE DI RISPARMIO SPA

RESIDENTS

KINDERGARTEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS HIGH SCHOOLS

LOCAL PEOPLE LOCALLY BASED ASSOCIATIONS COMPANY OWNERS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE RUM ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE FABLAB ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE PAPILLON RETE LUNETTA CARIPLO FONDAZIONE FITZCARRALDO

Σ! EUREKA

FONDAZIONE GOLINELLI

IRENA INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY

UBI COMUNITÀ

COST EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

FONDAZIONE BRACCO

OECD ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

FONDAZIONE ITALIANA ACCENTURE ACRI ASSOCIAZIONE DI FONDAZIONI E DI CASSE DI RISPARMIO SPA

EU-OSHA EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

ASSOCIAZIONE ARCHEOLOGIA INDUSTRIALE TICCIH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

REEEP RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PARTNERSHIP

ISEC FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO PER LA STORIA DELL’ETÀ CONTEMPORANEA

INERNATIONAL SOLAR ALLIENCE

AIPAI ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA PER IL PATRIMONIO ARCHEOLOGICO INDUSTIRALE

ICCROM INTERNATIONAL CENTER OR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

MUSEIMPRESA ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA ARCHIVI E MUSEI D’IMPRESA

UNISDR UNITED NATIONS OFFICEFOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

FONDAZIONE UNIVERMANTOVA

TOURISTS WORKERS

UNIVERSITY OF MILAN POLITECNICO DI MILANO UNIVERSITY OF BRESCIA KINDERGARTEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS HIGH SCHOOLS

TOURISM 28 24

STUDENTS RESIDENTS LOCAL PEOPLE LOCALLY BASED ASSOCIATIONS COMPANY OWNERS

DIRECT USERS

STUDENTS

PANTACON

EEA EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY

DIRECT USERS

WORKERS

SOCIETÀ CANOTTIERI MINCIO

EA ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY

MUSEIMPRESA ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA ARCHIVI E MUSEI D’IMPRESA

UNIVERSITY OF MILAN

LIONS CLUB MANTOVA

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION

AIPAI ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA PER IL PATRIMONIO ARCHEOLOGICO INDUSTIRALE

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

ROTARY CLUB MANTOVA

D5 DIGITAL 5

ISEC FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO PER LA STORIA DELL’ETÀ CONTEMPORANEA

UNIVERSITY OF BRESCIA

UNIONE SPORTIVA MANTOVANA

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION

TICCIH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

TOURISTS

CONSORZIO VIRGILIANO

IUCN INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

ASSOCIAZIONE ARCHEOLOGIA INDUSTRIALE

FONDAZIONE UNIVERMANTOVA

FABLAB MANTOVA

FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA FILM COMMISSION

UNEP UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE PAPILLON

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION

FONDAZIONE MINOPRIO FRRB FONDAZIONE REGIONALE PER LA RICERCA BIOMEDICA

ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FOUNDATIONS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE FABLAB

IUCN INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE

ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FOUNDATIONS

ASSOCIAZIONE GIOVANILE RUM

ASPEF - AZIENDA SERVIZI ALLA PERSONA E ALLE FAMIGLIE

UNESCO UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CUTLURAL ORGANIZATION

PANTACON

UNEP UNITED NATION ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME

FLA FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA PER L’AMBIENTE

UNIDO UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORAGANIZATION

LIONS CLUB MANTOVA

UNESCO UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CUTLURAL ORGANIZATION

ACADEMIC INSTITUTION

PRIVATE-LAW BODIES CONTROLLED

BY LOMBARDY REGION

FLA FONDAZIONE LOMBARDIA PER L’AMBIENTE

CO-MANTOVA

ACADEMIC INSTITUTION

PRIVATE-LAW BODIES CONTROLLED

BY LOMBARDY REGION

CO-MANTOVA

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION

TRADE UNIONS IN MANTOVA

CGIL CONFEDERAZIONE GENERALE ITALANA DEL LAVORO

ERSAF ENTE REGIONALE PER I SERVIZI ALL’AGRICOLTURA E ALLE FORESTE

TRADE UNIONS IN MANTOVA

ARIFIL AGENZIA REGIONALE PER L’ISTRUZIONE, LAFORMAZIONE E IL LAVORO

ANIMA FEDERAZIONE DELLE ASSOCIAZIONI NAZIONALI DELL’INDUSTRIA MECCANICA VARIA ED AFFINE

EXPLORA SCPA

REGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

ARPA AGENZIA REGIONALE PER LA PROGETTAZIONE DELL’AMBINTE INFRASTRUTTURE LOMBARDE S.P.A

ANIDA ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALE DELLE IMPRESE PER LA DIFESA DELL’AMBIENTE

ASL AZIENDA SANITARIA LOCALE

ANIMA FEDERAZIONE DELLE ASSOCIAZIONI NAZIONALI DELL’INDUSTRIA MECCANICA VARIA ED AFFINE

EXPLORA SCPA

REGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

CONFPROFESSIONI AUTORITÀ DI BACINO ( L.R. 6/2012)

ANIDA ASSOCIAZIONE NAZIONALE DELLE IMPRESE PER LA DIFESA DELL’AMBIENTE

ASL AZIENDA SANITARIA LOCALE

TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

ISPRA ISTITUTO SUPERIORE PER LA PROTEZIONE E LA RICERCA AMBIENTALE

WETLANDS INTERNATIONAL

EUROPEAN UNION

INTERREGIONAL AGENCY RIVER PO TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

NATIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

EIECES CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION

WETLANDS INTERNATIONAL

NATIONAL AND INTERREGIONAL PUBLIC BODIES

NATIONAL CONTROL AGENCIES

ADMINISTRATION BODIES

EIECES CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION EUROPEAN UNION

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS

ENGO ENVIRONMENTAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

EARTHWATCH INSTITUTE

NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS

ENGO ENVIRONMENTAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION

C_05 STREGTHS, WEAKNESSES, THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REACTIVATION OF THIS AREA

UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE

LOW DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIPHERY

PART OF NATURAL RESERVE, NATURAL PARK AND ECO-CORRIDOR

POOR SOFT MOBILITY CONNECTION BETWEEN THE TWO BANKS

PART OF STRONG UNIVERSITY NETWORK

CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS, WATER AND SOIL WITH HEAVY METALS AND HYDROCARBONS

HIGH LIVING STANDARD

LIMITED USE OF PUBLIC SPACES FOR COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

STRATEGIC LOCATION BETWEEN METROPOLITAN CITIES

DISCONTINUITY BETWEEN THE GREEN BELT OF THE LAKES AND THE INTERNAL PARKS IN THE CITY

STRATEGIC LOCATION BETWEEN MAJOR INDUSTRIAL CITIES

INTERRUPTION OF THE GREEN CORRIDORS ALONG THE MINCIO PARK RESERVE

HIGH NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURIST FLOW CLOSE CONNECTION TO CONTROLLED-ACCESS HIGHWAY

HIGH LIVING STANDARD

PRESENCE OF INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION HUB

LACK OF STEADY PERSPECTIVE AND STRATEGY ABOUT CITYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S INDUSTRY

RICH SOFT MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEM, PART OF EUROPEAN ROUTES

TOO HIGH STANDARD VALUES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RECLAMATION PROCEDURES

WATERWAY CONNECTION TO ADRIATIC SEA

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CLOSE-TO-END PHASE OF ESTABLISHING OF INTERMODAL PORT OF VALDARO

INCAPABILITY TO SOLVE THE ISSUE BETWEEN CONTAMINATION AND HAVING STRONG INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

RISE OF THE INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES AND EMPLOYMENT AFTER THE CRISIS

FAILURE OF THE VALDARO INTERMODAL PORT INVESTMENT

DEMAND FOR INNOVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY INDUSTRY

NOT PROVIDING ATTRACTIVE BUSINESS MODELS FOR EXTERNAL INVESTORS

LONG STANDBY PERIOD FOR ABANDONED AND OUT-OF-WORK INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

PUSHING LOCAL COMPANY OWNERS TO BANKRUPTCY OR TO LEAVE THEIR PROPERTIES

MANTUA EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF SPORT 2019

POSTPONING IN TIME THE CONTAMINATION ISSUE

RISE OF ATTENTION TOWARDS SIN AREA SITES

NEGLECTING THE LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE PERIPHERY DISTRICTS FOR LONG TIME

RISE OF AWARENESS TOWARDS REORGANIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL SITES IN EUROPEAN SCALE STRONG INDUSTRIAL MEMORY OF THE CITY

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LONG LASTING ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE FOR RECLAMATION PROCEDURES

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GOOD PRACTICES IN DEALING WITH INDUSTRIAL PATRIMONY

D_01 AU FOUR BANAL

The interest for the Collectif Etc is that people come back to take possession of public spaces, that are the secret of true wealth of the urban environment.

The strategic plan was based on a bottomup approach. Citizens were asked to share impressions, histories and desires about this place. The participatory planning is the starting point of the urban transformation.

In Busseol the main interventions are four, each one of them characterized by a very strong artistic connotation. To common places was attributed a new porpoise, a new function.

During the First Phase, when residents were interviewed to gather testimonials, the site remained opened to the public for a week it.

At the end the oven is become a coffee (called “the four banal”), the wash a public pool, the telephone booth a library, the church a room for film projections.

Temporary design interventions like these can require a little budget and have a great social impact. Not just the space gets transformed, also the perception of the neighborhood, at the point that some of these installation became long term landmark of the quarter.

https://www.ediltecnico.it/21886/ruolo-socialedell-architettura-piccole-economiche-ecreative-opere-pubbliche/

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DESIGNER Collectif ECT LOCATION Busseol, France DATE 2011 PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION AND COST 8 days / 400 € KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Reactivation Heritage Landmark Public Interview (Re)Identifying

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D_02 GONDWANA

Orizzontale is a group made up by Roman architects which porpoise is to set up city reactivation process starting from the urban wastes. In Terni the site is the main piazza and the construction of a wood multicomponents installation is realized with the help of the local people who feel the desire of a change. Godwana is serving also as stage and bleachers for the events of FestarchLAB 2012. The urban furniture mutates and helps to achieve different aims of usage of the public space. The pieces of the puzzle are all handmade, in painted wood of different colors. Their combination allows endless configurations.

DESIGNER Orizzontale LOCATION Terni, Italy DATE 2012 PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION 5 days / 400 â&#x201A;Ź KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Students In Action Creativity Playfull Structure Experimental Spaces

https://www.ediltecnico.it/21886/ruolo-socialedell-architettura-piccole-economiche-ecreative-opere-pubbliche/

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D_03 PLACE AU CHANGEMENT

How to deal with the urban void existing in between the demolition of a block and the construction of a new building? In facing this issue, Collective ECT is suggesting the realization of temporary urban furniture.

It is the community living in the quarter to build the temporary site, to paint the graffiti on the walls. The transformation is following the main idea of representing the plan and the section of an imaginary house.

Therefore, the urban furniture simulates the lines of the ground floor and on the wall is drawn the dwelling section. For a whole month, workshops have been set up, open to anyone, every day. Once complete, it becomes the community square where the residents gather for community meals, festivals, concerts. From wasteland it become an identity space of the quarter a place where to meet new people, present each oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s culture and share moments.

https://divisare.com/projects/185230-collectifetc-place-au-changement

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DESIGNER Collectif ECT LOCATION Saint Etienne, France DATE 2011 PERIOD OF CONSTRUCTION AND COST 8 days / 33.700 â&#x201A;Ź KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Activating wasteland Imaginary housing Carpentry workshop Place of the Giant Community Activities

D_04 PARK DE LA VILLETTE

The proposal of OMA for the Park of La Villette in Paris working on layers. The designed is horizontally organized in bands where the main programmatic components are located. These are placed according to a precise grid. The only exceptions are the main objects, which are breaking the grid. Also the circular forest is behaving as an architectural object is superimposing the system. The main suggestion is “the pure exploitation of the metropolitan condition: density without architecture, a culture of “invisible” congestion.”

Therefore, the real protagonist of the park is not the built space but the unbuilt, the spontaneous development of the nature which is proceeding independently by the architectural presence.

http://oma.eu/projects/parc-de-la-villette

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DESIGNER OMA LOCATION Paris, France DATE 1982 KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Revitalize Abandoned Land Experimental Spaces Access and Circulation Nature Domain

D_05 LYON MEADOWS

PrĂŠs de Lyon was nominated in the 70s as the model of the English garden. In time its condition change dramatically. The intervention of BASE has the aim to enhance again this cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s asset. Earthwork, pathways, entrances are reinstated. The afforestation is studied in order to define playground areas, a skate-park, a golf course, fitness trial and a solarium for sunbathing. The main strategy is to define organic shapes which reorganize the interior space of the park.

DESIGNER BASE Landscape Architecture LOCATION Lion, France DATE 2006 KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Organic Shapes Playgrounds Afforestation

http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2011/01/ lyon-meadows-park-by-base/

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D_06 LYON CONFLUENCE

Photo credits to Puja Acharya Rupakhety, 2016 https://www.thousandwonders.net/ photo/32325 https://www.archdaily.com/111341/the-orangecube-jakob-macfarlane-architects https:// www.archdaily.com/111341/the-orange-cubejakob-macfarlane-architects http://vincent-fillon.fr/photographiearchitecture/gautrand-bureaux-lyonconfluence/monolithe-cube-habitations.php

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The transformation of the former production in Lyon is one of the most relevant study cases. Also, it is meaningful for the development of MANTOVA2050 because the two cases have many aspects in common.

The connection cityscape-waterscape is one of them.

The desire of the municipality of reactivating the rivers’ banks and recalling the production sites developed into the definition of a public redevelopment company in charge of administrating the biggest city’s transformation. The core of that is the dismantling of the production settlement on the South of the historic center. The project has been divided into two macro-phases.

Step by step a new urban layout was settled and through competition the residential and commercial areas have been realized.

Whether the confluence transformation is tightly linked to the insertion of impressive architectural blocks, along the banks the intervention is more focused on land remodeling, land-art and urban refurnishing. The banks redesign is also very much influenced by the identity of the quarters close to the river. Materials change from natural to more artificial. Paving and facilities are “urbanized” in moving towards the city center.

The case of Lyon is one of the main nowadays proving that a good intervention of re-identification of the urban space can generate profit under both cultural and economic aspects.

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DESIGNER SPL Lyon Confluance + Others LOCATION Lion, France DATE 2003 - ongoing KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Activating Waterfront Water Features Public Spaces Urban Furnitures New Identity

D_07 LANDSCHAFTSPARK DUISBURG NORD

The IBA Emscher Park in an integrated system of about 100 projects in the Ruhr District. The area used to be an industrial settlement which was dismissed for years.

The attempting is to set quality standards for the environmental, economic and social transformation of the whole region. Duisburg Nord is one of these tassels composing the final image which is using afforestation within the productive implant area to create a new social space and invite visitors. Thus, new partitions and paving are re-interpreting the space of production and designing it in harmony with the existing plumbing, chimneys and furnaces.

The park is loved by sportive people. You can run along the super elevated paths, climbing inside the tanks, diving inside the cisterns turned into pools, zip-lining from one chimney to the other. The so called â&#x20AC;&#x153;Piazza Metallicaâ&#x20AC;? host 50.000 people during the festivities. So the history of this place encounters with the future traditions of the inhabitants.

http://recycledlandscapes.altervista.org/ landschaftpark-duisburg-germania/ https://www.metalocus.es/en/news/emscherlandscape-park http://emscherlandschaftspark-blog.de/ der-emscher-landschaftspark-zwischenindustrienatur-kultur-und-biodiversitaet/ https://www.latzundpartner.de/en/projekte/ postindustrielle-landschaften/duisburg-nordhochofenpark/ http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2011/08/ post-industrial-landscape-architecture/

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DESIGNER Latz+Partner LOCATION Duisburg, Germany DATE 2002 KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Post-Industrial Landscape Water Features Public Spaces Social Dynamics New Identity

D_08 CULTUURPARK WESTERGASFABRIEK

The project is focusing on the refurbishment of a factory in the suburbs of Amsterdam, rose in the nineteenth-century and dismissed in 1950s. In 1996 Mecanoo won the completion for the design of a recreational park in the site. The former partners of the firm translated this concept into a project in their new London based practice. The main idea is to recreate spatial and temporal experiences. The design is carefully taking into consideration the needs of the local residents. At the park margin rises the town hall, an historical building, a pre-existence the project has to relate to. The tanks disappear and are transformed partially into water mirrors and partially into docks and stages. The wood piers are turning into paths and leading the visitors in the exploration of the site. The post-industrial implant is largely preserved and the new features allow a new use of the space.

https://www.archdaily.com/803228/ cultuurpark-westergasfabriek-gustafsonporter-plus-bowman http://www.cityfan.nl/nederland/ amsterdam/park-natuur/spot/cultuurparkwestergasfabriek/rubriek/park_natuur/ weergave/detail/browse/toon/

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DESIGNER Gustafson Porter+Bownman and Mecanoo LOCATION Amsterdam, The Netherlands DATE 2006 KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Post-Industrial Landscape Water Mirrors Public Spaces Social Dynamics New Identity

D_09 FRESHKILLS PARK

“At nearly three times the size of New York City’s Central Park and only a stone’s throw away, Freshkills Park comprises over 1,000 acres of closed landfill and 450 acres of important wetland framed by spectacular views of downtown Manhattan.“ (http:// www.fieldoperations.net) The project is organized into layers – new program, new circulation, new habitat – and phases. The Chrono-program is describing the steps of a 30 years’ reactivation process. In times two parks are going to be activated, South and North, and the steps will be flexible to fulfill the contemporary needs. When closed the landfilled and completed the reactivation process the design is going to be focused about the recreational spaces and facilities.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_Kills_ Landfill http://recycledlandscapes.altervista.org/freshkills-park-staten-island/ https://www.nycgovparks.org/park-features/ freshkills-park#plan http://freshkillspark.org/the-park/the-parkplan http://www.fieldoperations.net/project-details/ project/freshkills-park.html

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DESIGNER James Corner Field Operations LOCATION Staten Island, New York DATE 2001 - ongoing (expected 2040) KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Drosscapes Reclamation Renaturalzation Envirronment

D_10 BETHLEHEM STEELSTACKS ARTS AND CULTURE

Bethlehem Steel Corporation was a twentieth century power plant that ran plants around the globe dismissed in 1995.

In an effort to revitalize the site for safe use the Bethlehem Redevelopment. The site has raised many environmental challenges, due to the presence of lands which have not to be moved or perforated. Large areas including industrial sites have been eliminated. New plantations were introduced with the aim of increasing the biomass of the site. The artistic installation and the new designed areas have contributed in making the community feel part of the reactivation process. SteelStacks is the site where culture and arts are celebrated, in the heart of the former factory. Hundreds of concerts and film screening take place here along the year and the whole community is participating to these events.

Picture sources: http://recycledlandscapes.altervista.org/ bethlehem-steelstacks-arts-cultural-campusbethlehem-stati-uniti/

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DESIGNER Metcalfe Architecture and Design of Philadelphia + Art Guild of West Deptfors LOCATION Bethlehem, Pensylvania DATE 2009-2015 KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Post-Industrial Art Culture Bio-remediation Community space

D_11 SILO 468

The project is a conversion of oil silo located by the sea and facing Helsinki into light art piece and a public space. The concept was born from the perception of wind and water and light in the site. The metal perimeter is perforated by holes, since the intervention happened in occasion of Helsinki Design Capital in 2012. A major urban redevelopment of the city is represented by this refurbishment. Both the natural and the artificial lights penetrating created a unique civic space. The illumination system is controlled by an algorithm that responds to certain parameters: the wind speed, the wind direction and the snow. The inner space is complete empty and can host installation, exhibitions and events.

Picture sources: http://recycledlandscapes.altervista.org/ bethlehem-steelstacks-arts-cultural-campusbethlehem-stati-uniti/

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DESIGNER Lighting Design Collective LOCATION Helsinki, Finland DATE 2012 KEYWORDS & INSPIRING CONCEPTS Post-Industrial Art Installations and Performance Light Landmark

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THE BEGINNING OF A TRANSFORMATION PROCESS: FROM INDUSTRIAL PERIPHERY TO ENGINE OF THE FUTURE LANDSCAPE

E_01 MN50.

THE CITYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FUTURE LANDSCAPE

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The vision of Mantova 2050 prefigures a city with a multiple soul: the Historical Centre, the Contemporary District and the Economic District. Each one of them is going to be characterized by specific features and their identity is going to be enhanced, but the three of them work as a whole.

The historical city is characterized by the soft mobility while the business and logistic core by the fast one. As a meeting point within the two the Contemporary District where cultural and natural assets also encounter, having as core the former industrial area. The definition of the first two has already been taken into account by the current legal framework. Therefore, the project suggest a scenario of how the Industrial Site, which have been playing a fundamental role in the life of the city since its constitution at the beginning of the XX century, can become the engine for the definition of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future landscape.

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HISTORICAL CENTER

CONTEMPORARY DISTRICT

ECONOMIC DISTRICT

E_02 INJECTING NEW ENERGY TO ACTIVATE THE CONTEMPORARY DISTRICT

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SPORT FIELDS CAMPING AREA URBAN FITNESS STAGES

BIKE ROUTES

LAKE THEATRE The transformation process is guided by two main axes: one characterized by the green belt along the left bank and the other traced by the vector of force of the fast mobility.

Although the route of the fast mobility, SP28 and railway Mantova-Monselice, is not modified it plays a meaningful role in the project. It is actually the perception by the people going through these ways that allows to understand that a transformation is about to take place. The unused lands are going to be recalled and designed, reinstituted to the citizens of the residential district and offered to the visitors of the city and the workers of the productive area as a public open space.

The punctual intervention happening at the North and at the South are going to be connected to the linear park along SP28 by a system of infiltration. Therefore, the transformation is going to spread and define new configurations of the urban texture: the Creative District, relating to the Residential District of LunettaFrassine, and the Industrial Park, linked to the Economic District and the intermodal hub of Valdaro.

The soft mobility is following lake banks reclaiming abandoned green lands, with the aim of changing the use of the space by the habitants of the close residential districts, by the tourist and by the other users. The waterways and the bridges dedicated to pedestrians and bikers reinforces the connection between the banks. Equally, the visual connection

PICNIC AREAS MIRADORS

NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS

CONTEMPORARY PARK LEISURE FACILITIES

EVENTS AREAS

DOCKS AND PIERS

NEW PUBLIC SPACES LABORATORIES CO-WORKING

TECH PARK

INDUSTRIAL LABYRINTH

COMMUNITY PAVILLIONS MULTIFACTORIES

CREATIVE DISTRICT

MULTIMEDIA MUSEUM

LEISURE FACILITIES WELFARE

CONTEMPORARY DISTRICT

RESEARCH HUB INTERMODAL HUB PHYTOREMEDIATION SITES

BUSIENSS

INDUSTRIAL PARK LEISURE FACILITIES

GREEN COMMUNITY SPACES

LOGISTIC ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING AREA LIGHT MANUFACTURING RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION

along the path and from specific points is strengthening the relation citysuburbs. Whether on the North of SP28 the intention is to define new activity dedicated areas to incentivize the social dynamics to happen, on the South the environment is of contemplation of the nature. The main aim is to preserve the ecosystem of Vallazza Reserve allowing visitors to walk and bike in the nature to observe it.

The transformation process has to face many issues and one of the main is the critical environmental condition of the site. This have been cause by the bad policies adopted by the chemical companies located in the territory.

To control all these aspect of the project a set of structural guidelines have been established.

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E_03 WHAT TO DO? STRUCTURE GUIDELINES

STRENGTHENING THE RELATION BETWEEN THE LAKES’ BANKS

PRESERVING AND STRENGTHENIG THE ECO-CORRIDORS

ACTIVATING AND COMPLETING THE REMEDIATION PROCESSES

STRENGTHENING THE RELATION BETWEEN LAKES’ BANKS

PRESERVING AND STRENGHTENING THE ECO-CORRIDORS

ACTIVATING AND COMPLETING THE REMEDIATION PROCESSES

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IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE THE MAIN AXES

DEFINING PERMEABLE AND IMPERMEABLE MARGINS

DEFINING THE FUTURE CENTRALITIES

IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE THE MAIN AXES

DEFINING PERMTABLE AND IMPERMEABLE MARGINS

DEFINIG FUTURE CENTRALITIES

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E_04 PHASES 2018 - 2020 2020- 2035 2035 - 2050

PHASE 1 2018 - 2020 Connecting Diga Masetti to Parco Canoa deďŹ ning a soft mo ility path.

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eclamation intervention on the green strip along the SP .

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elocating the light manifacturing industry on the orth of SP in Valdaro Productive rea, so that to recall the warehouses and deďŹ nig a new pu lic space.

Identifying the unused lots in the industrial fa ric and start the remediation process.

PHASE 2 2020 - 2035 Design of new paths in Valla a atural eserve and new activity dedicated spaces on the Inferior Lake left ank.

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he pu lic space transformation along the SP involves the industrial area at the orth until the railway tracks.

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Esta lishing of the new Creative District and deďŹ nition of the connection Lunetta-Frassine via punctual interventions.

Continuing of the remediation process and starting the transformation of the reclaimed sites into future community spaces inside the Industrial Park.

PHASE 3 2035 - 2050 Complete the design of the Contemporary Park after the acquisition, reclamation and transformation of the IES property.

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Integration of the system of the Linear Park to the Contemporary Park and the Creative District.

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Strengthening the welfare system of the district Lunetta-Frassine.

Completing of the Industrial Park which together with Valdaro Intermodal Pole is deďŹ ning the new Buissness Core.

E_05 SPATIAL STRATEGY 1:10.000

INDUSTRIAL PARK ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING AREA MAIN TRANSFORMATION AREAS

DESIGNED NEW COMMON OPEN SPACES

CONNECTIONS

GREEN BUISSNESS OPEN SPACECORE : TO GUARANTEE VALDARO THELIGHT GREEN CORRIDOR CONTINUITY AND MANUFACTURING AREA

FAST MOBILITY MAIN AXIS

LIGHT MANUFACTURING, VALDARO BUISSNESS CORE BUSINESS AND LOGISTIC AREA AND LIGHT MANUFACTURING AREA

SOFT MOBILITY MAIN AXES: NEW ADDITION

COMMON OPEN SPACES

SOFT MOBILITY MAIN AXES: PRE-EXISTING PATH

RESEARCH HUB

SOFT MOBILITY CIRCULATION ALONG THE LAKES LUNETTA-FRASSINE DISTRICT SOFT MOBILITY PRIMARY PATHS LUNETTA-FRASSINE DISTRICT SOFT MOBILITY SECONDARY PATHS

RESEARCH HUB EXPERIMENT FIELDS

CONTEMPORARYPARK PARK CONTEMPORARY GREEN FIELDS CONTEMPORARY PARK

WATERWAYS AFFORESTATION HARBOUR

SPORT AND LEASURE DEDICATED AREAS

MIRADOR

TECH PARK

CREATIVE DISTRICT DISTRICT CREATIVE

VALLAZZA NATURAL RESERVE

CREATIVE DISTRICT LINEAR PARK

LUNETTAFRASSINE DISTRICT CREATIVE PARK

MULTIFACTORY, LABS AND COMMUNITY PAVILLIONS

WELFARE SYSTEM CONNECTION LUNETTA-FRASSINE DISTRICT

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The integrated actions of the structural guideline give as a result the special strategy. The fast mobility axis is connecting from East to West the city center to the Highway. However, when its path meets the project area the axis turns into a Linear Park. The fluxes remain separate – car routes, railway and pedestrian-bikes path – but its boundaries enlarge involving the abandoned spaces and part of the IES industry. A linear urban piazza witnesses the urban transformation. Moreover, the linear park is the device linking the three clusters: Contemporary Park and Vallazza’s Natural Reserve, Creative District and Industrial Park.

The Park is preserving the continuity of the green belt and aims to offer a stronger connection to the lakes, therefore to the Historical Centre, to the District of Lunetta-Frassine. The main elements of the design are the cycle path along the lake’s banks which completes the soft mobility loop connecting the main contribution area to Sparafucile, Parco dell’Arte, Palazzo Ducale, Mantova Hub and Pietole’s Fortress. Reading the networking in a bigger scale it is possible to recognized that doing so the soft mobility system is binding the whole the main historical landmarks. This action is really relevant taking into account the strategic location of the city along the European Cycle Routes and it reveals to be the opportunity to increase Mantua’s touristic appeal.

WATERWAYS

HARBOUR HIGH VIEW POINT

CONTEMPORARY PARK GREEN FIELD AFFORESTATION

CREATIVE DISTRICT

SPORT AND LEASURE DEDICATED AREAS

LINEAR PARK

TECH PARK

LUNETTA-FRASSINE DISTRICT

VALLAZZA NATURAL RESERVE

CREATIVE PARK WELFARE SYSTEM CONNECTION LUNETTA-FRASSINE DISTRICT

Whether the Northern Park is offering of activities dedicated areas and leisure facilities, the Southern Part is devoted to the discovery of the natural environment.

A system of vertical and horizontal miradors is allowing the observation of the Reserve from a different point of view. The exploration is going to be not just spatial.

A multimedia travel is accompanying the visitors and describing the history of the site, the fauna and floraâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s patrimony and the reclamation processes needed to face the pollution issues.

However, the most impressive transformation is happening on the IES area. The structures have been preserved but the land use destination changes completely. The nature is invading and conquering the productive spaces, transforming it into an urban park with free access. The Tech Park is divided into two moments: Tanks Square and Industrial Labyrinth. The guiding element is a bridge connecting the different sectors also allowing the pedestrians to reach safely the opposite side of the car route, reaching the public open space of the Research Hub. Similarly, two underpassages serve the soft mobility system and ensure the continuity of the green system currently interrupted by the motorway and the railway.

Nowadays the two district of Lunetta and Frassine appear disconnected and both of them are not working efficiently as independent clusters. These weaknesses can be transformed in strengths if the

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two would constitute a unique residential core. To reach this aim, the currently unused lands will be devoted to answer a possible future need of residential spreading and the connections between the two are implemented. Moreover, the punctual interventions along these new tracks is strengthening the welfareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s system. The horizontal axes are connecting the residential area to the Contemporary Park, the lake banks, and City Centre. The vertical ones are linking Lunetta, Frassine, the Creative District, the Linear Park and the Industrial Park.

The few factories remained in the productive area at the North side of SP28, between IES and Frassine, are going to be relocated in the area of Olmo Longo into the existing and unused warehouses. The former industrial pavilions are going to be transformed to host multifactories, research centers, laboratories, art centers, cultural halls, community halls. The Creative District is going to be constituted: a site for a diverse typology of production, a space for the community, a space where social dynamics can take place. This areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s functioning is going to be tightly bound to the CAG (Centro di Aggregazione Giovanile) in Lunetta, epicenter of the current social transformations in the suburbs of Mantova. Thus, the festivals happening in the periphery are conquering this warehouse cluster, the associations and the citizen are having the possibility to gather and to adapt the public space according to their needs and

representing their identities.

At the South of the fast mobility axis the new Industrial Park is going develop.

Currently the companies here located have already activated a reclamation process. The pollution of sediments, soil and ground water is a complex issue that is generated in this area and spreads.

Therefore, it is fundamental that the first intervention in this site is due to solve this strong critical aspect. The areas where to locate the reclamation implants have been defined. The proposal is considering these sites also as the starting point of the spatial transformation of the productive core. The existing settlements are going to be renewed offering a more environmentally sustainable production.

The reclamation sites and other selected area, selected according to the current land use or because of their crucial role for the continuity of the green corridors, are becoming new green open spaces. They will host facilities and offer to the workers a better working environment. Moreover, the connection to Valdaroâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intermodal hub are going to be strengthened and the harbors are going to be reactivated in order to take advantage from the water infrastructure which is connecting Mantova to the main ports in the Adriatic Sea. As a joint between the green belt and the Industral Park, the former pavilions of IES next to Belleli are transformed into a Research Centre. The laboratories are researching about the reclamation

techniques to apply in the polluted SIN areas.

Differently from the PGT, the land devoted to host productive settlements in Olmo Longo has been reduced.

The boundary of this zone has never been changed since the sixties, when Mantova aimed to become a strong industrial center. MANTOVA2050 is taking into account the transformation of the identity of the city in these years, the projection data of the Trading Chamber and the current city needs.

Therefore, the existing warehouses in Olmo Longo are hosting the companies previously based in Frassine, a good portion of land is dedicated to a possible industrial expansion (light manufacturing, logistic or business basesd) and some areas have been defined as future open green space dedicated to the workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; community.

The existing core of Valdaro is preserved and enhanced as new Economic District. The intermodal hub offers the exchange point between land and water connections. This network is serving not just the close productive area but also the other industrial settlements in the Mantova province, linked by the railway system and the car routes. The potentiating of this core is fundamental to allow the correct transformation of the Contemporary Park.

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E_06 RECLAMATION PROCESS: POSSIBLE TECHNOLGIES TO APPLY TO SOLVE THE POLLUTION ISSUE

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Currently on the territory of the Industrial site there are several ongoing remediation processes. Up until December 2016 the status of reclamation procedures still shows a major part of not yet categorized properties in the SIN area, calculated around 388 Ha, which is more than half of the territory. Although since the last 10 years the attention towards the environmental recovery of the lakes, the soil and ground water of the Industrial site has increased tremendously, the areas which are categorized as not contaminated are still barely reaching 20 Ha. The strongest activity is respectively on the territory of the former oil refinery and the petrochemical plant with already approved projects for reclamation of ground water. Presented and approved are also projects for soil reclamation, again including the complete territory of both industries. When it comes to the properties of Belleli, Syndial, Sogefi, ex-ITAS and Colori Freddi, they are in the process of categorization or implementation of safety measures only.

The most critical points of contamination by mercury are present on the territory of Versalis, where there are still traces of the activity of the former chlor-alkali plant. The so-called “hill” R1 on the south part of the property also contains high concentration of mercury and the nearby service channel Sisma. Up to the end of 2017 the number of on-going reclamation processes of ground water and soil on site

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NOT CONTAMINATED TERRAINS 19 HA

CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT VOLUMES* NO EXCEEDANCES OF THE INTERVENTION VALUES AT LEAST ONE OF THE PARAMETERS PRESENTS CONCENTRATIONS HIGHER/EQUAL TO THE LIMIT COCENTRATION VALUES *THERE ARE NO CONTAMINANTS THAT SHOW A CONCENTRATION CLASSIFIED AS "DANGEROUS”

MERCURY DESTRIBUTION IN SIN “LAGHI DI MANTOVA E POLO CHIMICO” 1.01 - 5 5.01 - 10 10.01 - 100 > 100

APPROVED AND ON-GOING REMEDIATION PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED PREVENTIVE MEASURES PRESENTED REMEDIATION PROJECTS APPROVED REMEDIATION PROJECTS

B E N Z E N E T O U L E N E M E R C U R Y A R S E N I C C A D M I U M Z I N C C O P P E R C H R O M E N I C K E L L E A D V A N A D I U M A C E N A P H T H E N E BENZ(A)ANTHRACENE BENZO(A)PYRENE

MERCURY DESTRIBUTION IN SIN “LAGHI DI MANTOVA E POLO CHIMICO” 1.01 - 5 5.01 - 10 10.01 - 100 > 100

APPROVED AND ON-GOING REMEDIATION PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED PREVENTIVE MEASURES PRESENTED REMEDIATION PROJECTS APPROVED REMEDIATION PROJECTS

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are three: which includes the reclamation of underground storage tanks next to EniPower power plant, the reclamation of the hill R1 and remediation works on the territory next to Canale Bianco, where the diversion channel and Mincio River meet.

When it comes to the contamination of the lake water and sediments, the efforts and activities are not so many. This is also due to the fact that the technologies for sediments remediation are not so

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advanced or efficient, as much as for soil and ground water.

It is also problematic to take adequate and efficient actions, since the regulation and standard values in Italy are higher than the average for Europe, which makes categorization of a territory as “not contaminated” difficult to be reached. Thermal, physical-chemical and biological principles divide the major mechanisms of technologies, where they can be applied in situ and ex situ, preferably in situ. The aspect of cost, time and efficiency have determined the choice of technologies used on site in general for physical-chemical type, since it takes shorter period of time than the biological technologies and it can be applied for higher concentration of pollutants.

However, for the major present pollutants on the Industrial sites, such as aromatic hydrocarbons and mercury, there are several technologies that are considered in the project of MN2050. For the treatment of sediments, the only measure taken in account is direct dredging and excavation and further treatment ex situ.

Preferably, until the moment of complete reclamation of the sediments, capping technology should be used as temporary measure.

As more efficient and intensive treatment for soil, the project proposes the usage of Soil Vapor Extraction for higher concentration of volatile pollutants.

Further biological treatment by Aerobic

VOLATILE

C6H6

BENZENE

CH3

VOLATILE NON BIODEGRADABLE

Hg MERCURY

TOULENE

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

CAP

D&E

IN SITU IN SITU

SVE

ABD

VOLUTANT POLLUTANTS HIGH CONCENTRATION IN SITU

VOLUTANT POLLUTANTS MEDIUM TO LOW CONCENTRATION IN SITU

PHY

LOW CONCENTRATION IN SITU

MPE

PHY

MULTI-PHASE EXTRACTION

PHYTOREMEDIATION

VOLUTANT POLLUTANTS

LOW CONCENTRATION IN SITU

Biodegradation, is suggested as a priority for biodegradable pollutants, where the primary tool is simply oxygen. When possible, the process will be continued in time until full reclamation with phytoremediation, which would also help the working environment and conditions on site.

Currently, the technology of MultiPhase extraction is used on the territory of Versalis, and the project suggest its further usage in the rest of the contaminated properties, combined with phytoremediation technique where applicable.

Further on, the project suggests certain measures options according to the different situations on the various industrial lots. Since the majority of the territory is very much active and further reclamation, relocation or reindustrialization action would be not advisable, the project proposes a manual of measures with the future goal of complete remediation with various exploitations and purposes. The end aim is to create conditions for setting up an environmental friendly industrial activity where the working and social aspects of the employment are improved. Also, the flowchart suggests a measure plan for the former oil refinery equipment.

The schemes are showing the possible options for the land transformation according to the starting land-use, the possible remediation processes organized in time and the aimed final destination.

SE CU

RI

INDUSTRIAL LOT HIGH CONTAMINATION

TY

EMERGENCY SECURITY MEASURES

RE

ME

182

DI

AT IO

N

DISMANTLING

INDUSTRIAL LOT LOW CONTAMINATION

DISMANTLING

INDUSTRIAL LOT LOW CONTAMINATION

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SECURED INDUSTRIAL LOT

REMEDIATION

RE

ME

DI

AT IO

N

EMPTY STORAGE TANKS

STORAGE TANKS WITH FUEL

REMEDIATION

PRESERVING

DISMANTLING

FUEL RELOCATING AND TANKS SECURING

AFFORESTATION

RE

ME

RE

ME

DI

AT IO

N

REMEDIATION

PHYTOREMEDIATION

DI

AT IO

N

REMEDIATION

PHYTOREMEDIATION

REMEDIATED RE-ORGANIZED INDUSTRIAL LOT

ENVIROMENT FRIENDLY INDUSTRIAL LOT

INDUSTRIAL PARK

ENVIROMENT FRIENDLY INDUSTRIAL LOT

E_07 ACTIONS

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To control the transformation process, a list of possible actions has been complied.

These are proposing the application of many devices to answer the request set by the guidelines. The Spactial Strategy defined the general program, set the backbone of the masterplan development, the actions are describing how the different goals can be achieved.

They are organized according to the guidelines: banks relation, eco-corridors definition, remediation process, main axes tracing, intervention on permeable and impermeable margins and definition of centralities. On the other hand, the devices have been organized according to the nature of the intervention in the following categories: visual connection, physical connection, green infrastructure, program and reclamation system.

The abacus is fundamental to select the most appropriate actions to be applied in the different location order to achieve the most of the goals in ad efficient way. These suggestions list can be implemented or modified along the time: during the phases development it can be modified to ensure the perfect correspondence to the current needs.

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MOBILITY - CONNECTION MOBILITY - CHANGE MEANS OF TRANSPORT VISUAL CONNECTION VEGETATION PROGRAM REMEDIATION

150 m

ECO-CORRIDORS

BANKS RELATION

VISUAL CONNECTION

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MIRADOR

VIEW POINT

BOAT PIER

PLATFORM

PHYSICAL CONNECTION

SOFT MOBILITY

BRIDGE

GREEN UNDERPASSAGE

GREEN OVERPASSAGE

NATURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

PROGRAM

REMEDIATION SYSTEM

RE

ME

DI

BAR

WATER PHYTOREMEDIATION

PLATFORM

LEISURE FACILITIES

AT IO

N

REMEDIATION PROCESS

SPORT FACILITIES

RE

ME

DI

AT IO

N

TREES ROW

CANALS

TREES ROW

AFFORESTATION

GREEN PLAYGROUND

REMEDIATION PROCESS

187

WATER PHYTOREMEDIATION

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PHYSICAL CONNECTION

MAIN AXES

REMEDIATION PROCESS

VISUAL CONNECTION

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188

MIRADOR

BRIDGE VIEW POINT

FLUXES SEPARATION

SOFT MOBILITY

BOAT PIER

PLATFORM

BRIDGE

OVER-WATER PATH

NATURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

PROGRAM

REMEDIATION SYSTEM

SE CU

RE

ME

RI

TY

DI

AT IO

N

WATER PHYTOREMEDIATION SOIL PHYTOREMEDIATION

DISMANTLING

AEROBIC BIODEGRADATION MULTIPHASE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY

SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION PROCESS

RE

ME

BAR

TREE ROW

AFFORESTATION

DI

AT IO

N

PUNCTUAL INTERVENTIONS LEISURE FACILITIES

PAVING CHANGE

SPORT FACILITIES

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IMPERMEABLE

MARGINS

PERMEABLE

VISUAL CONNECTION

MIRADOR

VIEW PATH

PLATFORM

TREES RELOCATION

AFFORESTATION

TERRAIN BARRIER

PHYSICAL CONNECTION

SOFT MOBILITY

BOAT PIER

VISUAL IMPERMEABLE BARRIER VISUAL PERMABLE BARRIER

CENTRALITIES

OVER-WATER PATH

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MIRADOR

190

PLATFORM

URBN PIAZZA

GREEN PIAZZA

NATURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

CANAL

TREES BARRIER

TREES RELOCATION

PROGRAM

REMEDIATION SYSTEM

PUNCTUAL INTERVENTIONS

WATER BARRIER

AFFORESTATION

BAR

GREEN PIAZZA

CANALS

URBAN PIAZZA

PLATFORM

SPORT FACILITIES

LEISURE FACILITIES

ART INSTALLATION

191

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А future possible scenario, part of the 3rd phase of the strategy, is developed in further detail in 1:5000 scale. The chosen area is closed between the fast mobility axis of the provincial roadway SP28 on South, San Giorgio Bridge on North and via Cipata on East. The masterplan design proposal merges together the most critical areas for intervention, in sense of timing - the bank and the residential parts - and the most optimistic solution about the former oil refinery of MOL Group – IES. Having in mind the vast area of the territory, around 135 Ha, the design approach aims to introduce a smooth transition of spaces on the North-South direction and, respectively, on the direction from Lunetta district to the Inferior Lake bank. From a program point of view, the chosen area is part of the Contemporary park and consists a part of the Industrial District, representing the Research Hub on the South of the fast mobility axis. The approach steps on two major priorities.

One, is to preserve as much as possible the captivating equipment of the former refinery, integrate it in the public spaces and reuse it as part of the leisure, sport, entertainment or scientific activities of the park. Two, is to improve majorly the relationship of the residential clusters with the surroundings and provide better living conditions.

The connections inside the parks work on three vertical levels. The lowest one is connecting the bike lane on Diga Masetti bridge, going along the lake bank

towards North. It is also including an under passage, connecting Tanksquare and Research Hub, respectively, Vallazza Natural Reserve. The second level, which consist the majority of the pedestrian and bike network in the park, spreads from the area of Tanksquare until Parco Canoa. Lastly, a bridge pedestrian system, elevated from the ground between 4 and 6 meters, is representing the third vertical connection. It aims to connect again the north and south parts of the SP28 street, starting from the Research Hub and ending with a platform and infinite water bridge to the middle part of the lake bank. On the opposite direction in connects the tanks system together with the old equipment of the refinery, forming a labyrinth network of exploring it from up-close.

On the North part of the park, which is more dedicated to leisure and sport activities, the approach is to form clusters of densified spaces that could create different experiences. An intensive afforestation is intended as a tool to achieve it, which also is used for establishing a natural barrier between the Lunetta-Frassine road connection, so to leave vaster spaces towards the lake banks. The clusters of spaces are surrounding fields for cricket, rugby, tennis, basketball, volleyball, which serve the demands of the local communities, but also including spaces for festivals, lake open theatre, urban sport, skate park and zip-lining to meet more variety of

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E_08 MASTERPLAN 1:5.000

1 : 5.000 SCALE

LEFT BANK

LEFT BANK

VISUAL CONNECTION VISUAL CONNECTIONS VERTICAL MIRADOR VERTICAL MIRADOR HORIZONTAL MIRADOR HORIZONTAL MIRADOR

PHYSICAL CONNECTION PHYSICAL CONNECTIONS LEVEL 0 0 LEVEL LEVEL 1 LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 2 LEVEL

VEGETATIONVEGETATION EXISTING TREESTREES EXISTING NEW TREES NEW TREES EXISTING GRASS FIELDS GRASS FIELDS

RIGHT BANKRIGHT BANK

REGENERATE MANTUA

REGENERATE MANTUA MASTERPLANMASTERPLAN COMPETITION COMPETITION STEFANO BOERI ARCHITECTS, 2016 STEFANO BOERI ARCHITECTS, 2016

MANTOVA HUB PROJECT

MANTOVA HUB PROJECT STUDIO CORVINO+MULTARI. 2017 STUDIO CORVINO+MULTARI, 2017 SLOGO PROJECT - GROUP 4 PLANNING IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT STUDIO, SLOGO PROJECT - GROUP 4 2016/2017, PLANNING IN HISTORICAL PROF. A. BALDUCCI, C. GEROLDI CONTEXT STUDIO, 2016/2017 POLITECNICO DI MILANO

PROF A. BALDUCCI, C. GEROLDI, POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL OF MILAN

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activities.

A total amount of 16 tanks and equipment dedicated nowadays for dismantling, are demolished to form proportionate piazza spaces on both directions in the former refinery. The T-crossing of the two square spaces is a center-piece of the reactivation of the area and reclaiming it for the public. All of the tanks on the left lake part are dedicated to be used as small forests or culture activities, including art installations and Industrial Heritage Museum. All are meant to be visited from inside and top level, where two of them are remaining with cover on, so to serve as observation points.

A zoomed area of 1:1000 scale and corresponding axonometric view are illustrating more in detail the usage of the spaces of the Tanksquare part of the park, where the industrial patrimony is interactive with the public and part of their everyday life.

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CONCLUSIONS

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MN50 is proposing a scenario where the current industrial context gets completely revolutionized. To be enhanced it has to change its identity: the strongest weakness is the fragmentation of the urban texture of the whole left bank. The different characteristics of the residential cluster, of the manufacturing district and the of natural reserves developed in time independently from one another.

According to the carried on analysis, the main criticalities affecting these spaces can be addressed to this cause: compartmentalized developments in a common territory. Whether the productive process was more careful about the environment nowadays there wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be a massive pollution of soil, ground water and sediments. Whether the natural system was designed as a connection between the settlement on the two lake banks probably the citizen of Lunetta and Frassine wouldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel left apart in the life of the city. Whether the production space didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t occupy all the cultivated fields until the closest border to the residential area the quality of living in Frassine would be higher and the local welfare system would be richer.

The suggested solution by the project MN50 to this fragmentation is the reidentification of the productive core. The relevant role played by the Industrial Site in the history of the city is giving to it the potential to become once more the engine activating the city transformation process. In this sense, the new urban planning proposal for the left bank is generated by the newly assigned identities.

CONCLUSIONS

Through work on unifying them together with the inherited ones, the outcome of the proposal of MN50 aims to increase the dynamics between all of them. The industrial park takes care of its surroundings, the remediation status and the outlook of the industrial patrimony. The contemporary park and the residential areas are mutually enriching each other, and lastly, the creative district serves as unifier between those clusters, while blends with the production activities and the community life. Thus, the epicenter of that change at the territorial scale is the transformation of industrial patrimony itself, not treated as museum, untouched or preserved only, rather being into life and interaction.

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REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES AND GRAPHS

Cover page: Logo MN50 Pages 8-9: Photo of the industrial site from the right bank of the Lower Lake Pages 10-11: Photo of the Diversion canal from Eni bridge Pages 14-15: Photo of Mantova Frassine Train Station Page 19: Photo of St Edward’s, Brotherton, North Yorkshire, with Ferrybridge B Power Station behind (1960s)

by Eric de Maré Page20: Photo from Corte Cipata of IES ex oil-refinery Pages 22 -23: Photo of the railway in Mantova Frassine Pages 24-25: Photo of a private house in Frassine facing the railway Page 29: Schemes about the historical development of the city of Mantua Page 31: Scheme of the main historical landmarks’ virtual network Page 32: Carta Economica Industriale of the Province of Mantua in 1909 (Exhibit in the Trade Chamber of Mantua) Page 33: CIty and Industrial development in the the PRG plan of Mantua from 60-70s Page 34: Aerial photos of Mantova Province by RAF 1943 Page 35: Aerial photo of Mantua in 1955 Page 36: Aerial photo of Mantua in 1963 Page 37: Satellite photo of Mantua in 2017 from Google Maps Page 40-41: Scheme about the main production sites’ timeline Page 42-43: Photo of the path along the Diversial canale Page 44: Photo of production implants in Mantova Page 45: Maps on the characterization processes in SIN area “Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico” Page 47: Photo of the sediments samples extraction Page 39: Map of the natural system of Mantova Province Page 51: Map of the natural system of Mantova Municipality Page 53: Map of the flood zones in Mantova Municipality Pages 54-55: Schemes describing the morphological variety of the banks and their uses Page 57: Schemes about the role of Mantua in system in North Italy Page 59: Map of the system in North Italy Page 61: Map of the fast mobility system of Mantova Province Page 63: Map of the soft mobility system of Mantova Province Page 65: Map of the fast mobility system of Mantova Municipality Page 67: Map of the soft mobility system of Mantova Municipality Pages 69-70-71: Schemes summarizing the demographical data collected by ISTAT, UrbiStat and Post Metropoli Page 73: Map of the land use in Mantova Municipality

Page 75: Map of the social reactivation processes in Mantova Municipality Page 77: Map of the festivals in Mantova Municipality Pages 78-79: Photo of the residential area of Frassine, railway crossroad Pages 80-81: Photo of the residential quarter of Lunetta, at the background the productive site of IESMOLGROUP Pages 82-83: Photo of ENI settlement by the Diversion Page 87: Schemes summarizing DM 471/99 and DLGS 152/06 Page 89: Map of the SIN area “Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico” Page 90: Map of the ground water status in SIN area “Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico” by MATTM Page 91: Map of the soil status SIN area “Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico” by MATTM Page 93: Map of the sites in the SIN area object of a reclamation project Page 95: Photo of the sediments’ sample collection Pages 96-97: Photos of the sediments’ samples Pages 98-99: Schemes summarizing the PGT directives Pages 101: Map summarizing the “Sensitivity Map” in PGT Page 103: Map “Previsioni di Piano” in PGT Pages 104-105: Photo of the swans in Valdaro’s harbor Pages 106-107: Photo of the productive structures in the SIN area Page 108: Scheme about IES – MOLGROUP properties Page 109: Satellite photo of IES productive area from Bing Maps Page 111: Photo of IES factory Page 112: Photo-collage of the project Sphere 2020 Page 113: Photo of IES factory Page 114: Schemes about IES - MOLGROUP properties Page 115: Photo of ENI productive settlements Page 115: Photo of Syndial productive settlements Page 116: Schemes about Belleli properties Page 117: Photos of Belleli’s products via waterways Pages 119-120-121: Scheme about the stakeholders and the interviews Page 123: Scheme about SWOT analysis Page 124: Photo of Valdaro Harbor Page 125: Photo of the abandoned warehouses in Olmo Longo Pages 126-127: Photo of the productive core from the SP482 Page 131: Schemes describing the project Au Four Banal Page 133: Photos describing the project Gondwana

Page 134: Schemes describing the project Place au Changement Page 135: Photo describing the project Place au Changement Page 137: Photos and drawings describing the project Park de la Villette Page 139: Photos describing the project Lyon Meadows Pages 141-142-143: Photos describing the project Lyon Confluence Page 145: Photos describing the project Landschaftspark Duisburg Nord Page 147: Photos describing the project Cultuurpark Westergasfabriek Page 149: Photos describing the project Freshkills Page 151: Photos describing the project Bethlehem Steelstacks Arts and Culture Page 153: Photos describing the project Silo 468 Page 154: Photo of the structures in Valdaroâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s habor Page 155: Photo a boat in Valdaroâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s harbor Pages 156-157: Photo of the residential area of Frassine Pages 158-159: Axonometric view of the main contribution area of MN50 Page 163: Scheme of the vision of MN50 Page 164: Scheme of the concept of MN50 Page 165: Scheme of the functional program of MN50 Page 166-167: Schemes of the guidelines of MN50 Page 169: Scheme of the Phase 1 of MN50 Page 171: Scheme of the Phase 2 of MN50 Page 172: Scheme of the Phase 3 of MN50 Page 175: Scheme of the Spatial Strategy of MN50 Page 179: Scheme of the sediments pollutants in the SIN area Page 180: Scheme of the remediation projects in the SIN area Page 181: Scheme of the possible remediation processes to apply Pages 182-183: Schemes of measures flowchart Pages 185: Map of the action of MN50 Pages 186-187-188-189-190-191: Schemes describing the actions of MN50 Pages 192: Satellite 3D image of the green area on the left bank of the Lower Lake Pages 193: Photo-collage of the green area on the left bank of the Lower Lake Page 194: Satellite 3D image of the ex-refinery of IES - MOLGROUP Page 195: Photo-collage of the ex-refinery IES - MOLGROUP Page 196: Satellite 3D image of ENI-Versalis-ENIPOWER-SYNDIAL settlement Page 197: Photo-collage of ENI-Versalis-ENIPOWER-SYNDIAL settlement Page 198: Map of the masterplan of MN50

Page 201: Photo-collage of Contemporary Park of MN50 Pages 202-203: Axonometric view of the main contribution area of MN50 Pages 204-205: Plan view of the main contribution area of MN50 Page 206: Photo-collage of Tanksquare of MN50 Page 207: Photo-collage of Techpark of MN50

BIBLIOGRAPHY ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS POR - Piano Operativo Regionale PTR - Piano Territoriale Regionale PTCP - Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento Provinciale PGT - Piano di Governo del Territorio PTC - Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento PIF - Piano di Indirizzo Forestale Piani di Gestione dei Siti Natura 2000 Rischio di Incidente Rilevante Studio Geologico Tecnico PAI - Piano di Assetto Idrologico Delibera CC60 Proposta di Piano di Caratterizzazione Ambientale Analisi di Rischio Sanitario ed Ambientale VAS - Valutazione Ambientale Strategica DCR 11/10/1984, n.1739 DCR 24/01/1991, n. 102 DLGS 22/1997 L 09/12/1998 DM 471/1999 DGR 28/6/2000, n. 7/193 DM 468/2001 DM 07/02/2003 (GU12/04/2003).

DL 22/01/2004 n.42 DLGS 152/2006 DM 308/2006 L 31/07/2008, n. 179 DGR 22/12/2010 n.9/1041 L 134/2012 DM 11/01/2013 DGR 28/02/2007 n. 8/4197

EU Legislation: Decree 79/409/CEE AMBIENTAL REPORTS Polimeri Europe, Aggiornamento Dichiarazione Ambientale, Mantova, 2003 EniVersalis, Aggiornamento Dichiarazione Ambientale, Mantova, 2015 Atti della Commissione Parlamentare di Inchiesta Sulle Attivita Illecite Connesse Al Ciclo Dei RIfiuti, Doc. XXIII, N 14.

ISPRA, Premese progettuali per il ripristino ambinetale dell’area lacustre del sido di bonifica di interesse nazionale dei “Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico”, BoI-Pr-LO-Laghi di Mantova e Polo Chimico-Relazione-01.01, 2010 Workshop, Inquinamento da Mercurio nel S.I.N. di Mantova, Provincia di Mantova, 28 ottobre 2014 MAIN BIBLIOGRAPHY THE CITY OF MANTUA E. Paglia, Saggio di studi naturali sul territorio mantovano, Mantova:Guastalla 1879 E. Mastruzzi, Qualche idea per mantova, CITEM, Mantova 1963 F. Bovi, Mantova e il suo Porto, Industria Grafica L’Artistica, Mantova 1964 G. Amadei, Un secolo su Mantova, CITEM, Mantova 1968 V. Vercelloni, Per una storia urbanistica di Mantova, Gruppo Virgilio Vercelloni Milano 1970 P. Calestani, Politica urbanistica delle amministrazioni fasciste a Mantova, in Storia Urban: Rivista di studi sulle trasfomazioni delle città e del territorio in età moderna, Angeli, Milano 1977 M. A. Romani, Mantova 1945 - 1975: dalla crescita allo sviluppo, Camera di commercio, industria, artigianato, agricoltura, Mantova 198?

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L. Mazza, Esercizi di piano. L’area industriale Cogne ad Aosta, Franco Angeli, Milano 2002 EniTecnologie Eni Corporate University, La bonifica biologica di siti inquinati da idrocarburi, Editore Ulirico Hoepli Milano, Milano 2003 L. Iaccarino, La rigenerazione. Bagnoli: Politiche pubbliche e società civile nella Napoli postindustriale, L’ancora del Mediterraneo, Napoli 2005 W. A. Peer, I. R. Baxter, E. L. Richerds, J. L. Freeman, A. S. Murphy, Phytoremediation and Hyperaccumator Plants in Current Genetics, Vol. 14, Springer, Berlin 2005 F. Zagari, Questo è paesaggio. 48 definizioni, Gruppo Mancosu Eitore, Roma 2006 J. Czerniak, G. Hargreaves, Large Parks, Princeton Architectural Press, New York 2007 P. ZhuangQ. W. YangH. B. WangW. S. Shu, Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals by Eight Plants Species in the Field, in Water Air Soild Pollution, Springer, Berlin 2007 R. Klanten, N. Bourquin, T. Tissot, S. Ehman, F. Van Heerden, Data Flow. Visualising Information in Graphic Design, Gestalten, Berlin 2008 F. Choay, Le patrimoine en questions : anthologie pour un combat, Paris, Seuil, la couleur des idées, 2010 E. Marchigiani, S. Prestamburgo, Energie rinnovabili e paesaggi. Stategie e progetti per la valorizzazione delle risorse territoriali, Franco Angeli, Milano 2010 A. Rossi, L’architettura della città, Quodlibet Abitare, Fermo 2011 J. Douet, Industrial Heritage Re-Tooled. The TICCH Guide to Industrial Heritage Conservation, Carnegie Publishing Ltd, Lancaster 2012 Juhani Pallasmaa, Frammenti. Collage e discontinuità nell’immaginario architettonico. Fragments. Collage and Discontinuity in the Architectural Imaginery, a cura di M. Zambelli, Giavedoni Editore, Pordenone 2012 Insites. Landschaftsarchitektur und industrielle landschaft, Technische Universitat Munchen, Freising 2014 D. Simons, Landscape and Energy. Designing Transition, nai010publishers, Amsterdam 2014 M. C. Treu, Urbanità e sicurezza. Urban Safity and Security, Maggioli Editore, Santarcangelo di Romagna 20157 Doctoral College, Urban Landscape Transformation - Landschaften, Editor Herausgeber, Zlin 2016 L. Fabian, S. Munarin, Re-Cycle Italy. Atlante, Lettera Ventidue Edizioni, Siracusa 2017 P. Veltz, La société hyper-idustrielle. Le nouveau capitalisme productif, Seuil et La Republique des Idées, Paris 2017 URBAN PLANNING, DESIGN AND LANDSCAPE I. Sola-Morales, Terrain Vague, MIT Press, Cambridge 2002

S. Marot, Sub-urbanism and the Art of Memory, Architectural Association, London 2003 C. Bianchetti, Abitare la città contemporanea, Skira, Milano 2003 Z. Bauman, Fiducia e paura nelle città, Mondatori Editori, Milnao 2005 F. Tonucci, La città dei bambini. Un mondo nuovo di pensare la città, Editori Laterza, Bari 2005 C. Waldheim, The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Princeton Architectural Press, New York 2006 ESPON 1.4.1, The Role of Small and Medium-Sized Towns (SMESTO) Final Report, Vienna 2006 P. Di Biagi, La città pubblica. Edilizia sociale e riqualificazione urbana a Torino, Allemandi, torino 2008 New Geographies 2: Landscapes of Energy, Journal, R. Ghosn, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 2009 R. A. La Rocca, Soft Mobility and Urban Transformation, TEMA - Journal of Land Use, Moibility and Environment 2, April 2010 A. Di Giovanni, Spazi Comuni. Progetto Urbanistico e vita in pubblico nella città contemporanea, Carocci, Roma 2010 M. Mostafavi, G. Doherty, Ecological Urbanism, Lars Muller, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge 2010 P. Gabellini, Fare urbanistica: Esperienze, comunicazione, memoria, Carocci, Roma 2011 J. Gehl, Vita in città: Spazio urbano e relazioni sociali, a cura di A. Borghi, Maggioli Editore, Milano 2012 D.Stimberg, A. Stokman, S. Zeller, M. Prominski, River. Space. Design: Planning Strategies, Methods and Projects for Urban Rivers, Birkhauser, Basilea 2012 F. Cognetti, B. De Carli, Mapping San Siro, Poltecnico di Milano, Milano 2013 C. Reed, N. M. Lester, Projective Ecologies, ACTAR, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge 2014 P. Briata, Spazio urbano e immigrazione in Italia, Franco Angeli, Milano 2014 A. Balducci, V. Fedeli, F. Curci, Post-Metropolitan Territories: Looking for a New Urbanity, Routledge, Abingdon-on-Thames 2017 THESIS, PROJECTS AND WORKSHOPS P. Parolin, La città e l’altra città. Opportunità di nuovi paesaggi, relatore M.C. Treu, tesi di Laurea Magistrale in Architettura, Politecnico di Milano, a.a. 2014-2015 S. Tassellari, RE-ACTIVE. Nuove strategie di progetto per i luoghi della produzione, relatore C.

Peraboni, tesi di Laurea Magistrale in Architettura, a.a. 2015-2016 L. Fassio, (Y)Ies: Building a Community of Practice, A Startup research project, 2016 D. Elaraby, C. Kroeger, M. Mori, Y. Hisi Panhoca, C. Quarantelli, Re-Rooted City, proff. A. Balducci, C. Geroldi, Urban Planning in Historical Context Studio, a.a. 2016-2017 D. Bonizzato, F. Butturini, J. L. Feng, M. Saeed, Y. Lu, Mantinnova, Urban Planning in Historical Context Studio, a.a. 2016-2017 P. Acharya, T. Geshev, S. Kovaceva, F. Nazari, F. Richter Crismancich, V. Rigonat, SLOGO Mantova, proff. A. Balducci, C. Geroldi, Urban Planning in Historical Context Studio, a.a. 2016-2017 VIDEOGRAPHY W. Locatelli, Mantova oggi, Short documentary film, Sicemson S.p.A, 1962 C. Bellini, Ecosin: Mantova, la salute negata - Il futuro contaminato, 2015 J. Baichwal, Manifactured Landscape, Canada, 2006 MAIN SITOGRAPHY http://www.comune.mantova.gov.it/ http://www.regione.lombardia.it/ http://www.parcodelmincio.it/ http://www.comuni-italiani.it/020/030/ http://WWW.POSTMETROPOLI.IT/ https://ugeo.urbistat.com/AdminStat/it/it/demografia/dati-sintesi/mantova/20/3 http://gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it/mantova http://www.vocedimantova.it/ http://www.ilsole24ore.com/ http://www.repubblica.it/ http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it/temi/siti-contaminati/siti-di-interesse-nazionale-sin http://www.bonifiche.minambiente.it/page_anno_34.html http://www.comune.mantova.gov.it/index.php/ambiente/siti-contaminati/840-sin-laghi-di-mantova-e-polochimico https://www.provincia.mantova.it/context.jsp?ID_LINK=327&page=3&area=5&id_context=8788 https://www.provincia.mantova.it/news_detail.jsp?ID_NEWS=1552&GTemplate=default_new. jsp&areaNews=91

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express our very great appreciation to the professors Chiara Geroldi and Alessandro Balducci, our thesis supervisors, for their expert advices, their guidance, encouragement and useful critiques.

Our gratitude is also extended to all the professors of Politecnico di Milano who enriched our master program experience during these years.

We wish to acknowledge the professional contribution offered during the research process by Bruno Agosti, Franco Amadei, Federica Bruno, Diego Cisi, Maria Cristina Colombo, Laura Fassio, Giancarlo Leoni, Federico Marcolini, Andrea Murari, Francesca Paini, Carlo Peraboni, Luca Perboni, Andrea Poltronieri, Sabrina Saponaro, Lorenza Salati, Daniele Soffiati, Carlo Togliani, Maria Cristina Treu.

We are particularly grateful for the assistance given by the administrative staff, the technicians and the employees who work in the Mantova Campus, for their patient and constant help and for the resources they offered us.

We would like to thank our colleagues and our friends for their constant support during every phase of the project development.

Our deep gratitude goes to the members of “Group 4” Puja Acharya, Tsvetan Geshev, Fereshteh Nazari, Federico Richter Crismancich. Together we developed the project “SLOGO Mantova”, the starting point of the thesis.

Finally, our gratitude goes to our families for their kind support and encouragement throughout whole our academic career.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS