संस्कृतवाक्य प्रबोध

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vksýe~ AA lfPpnkuUns'ojk; ueks ue% AA

laLd`rokD;izcks/%

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izdk'kd%& lfpo%

fnYyh&laLœr&vdkneh (jkf"V™;&jktËkkuh&{ks=e~] fnYyhloZdkj%)

'SANSKRITAVAKYAPRABODHAH' JheRLokfen;kuUnljLorhfufeZr%

(C) fnYyh&laLœr&vdkneh fnYyhloZdkj%

Authored by Shrimat Swami Dayanand Saraswati

laLd`rokD;kuka fgUnh-•Êæ˜UÇ‹U:ikUrj.klfgr%

ISBN : 978-81-925829-4-8

Carrying Hindi and English version of Sanskrit Sentences ¬˝œÊŸ‚ê¬ÊŒ∑§—

«UÊ0 Ú œ◊㸠º˝∑§È ◊Ê⁄U— ‚„U‚ê¬ÊŒ∑§—

¬˝lêÈ Ÿøãº˝— laLd`rokD;kuk◊Êæ˜UÇ‹:ikUrj.kdkj% English version by :

MkW- [ktkuflagxqfy;k

izkfIrLFkkue~ & izdk'ku&foHkkx%

fnYyh&laLœr&vdkneh (jkf"V™;&jktËkkuh&{ks=e~] fnYyhloZdkj%) IykV laåá] >.Msokykue~] djksyckxksiuxje~] uo fnYyh&ÉÉåååá

nwjHkk"k % ÑÖáááàâà] ÑÖàäÉäÖá] ÑÖàÖááãÑ

ewY;e~& 5å@& :I;dkf.k

Dr. Khazan Singh Gulia

fnYyh&laLd`r&vdkneh DELHI SANSKRIT ACADEMY ⁄UÊ¡œÊŸËˇÊòÊ◊Ô˜, ÁŒÀ‹Ë‚fl¸∑§Ê⁄U— 2013-2014

eqÊd%& ◊Ò0 «UÊ‹Á»§ŸÁ¬˝á≈UÙª˝ÊÁ»§Ä‚— 4߸/7, ¬Ê’‹Ê-Á’ÁÀ«¢Uª—, ¤Êá«UflÊ‹ÊŸÁflSÃÊ⁄U—, Ÿfl Œ„U‹Ë-11005 ŒÍ⁄÷ U Ê·—-011-23593541, 23593542

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‚ê¬ÊŒ∑§Ëÿ◊Ô˜ •Áÿ ‚ê◊ÊãÿÊ— ‚ÃÂ⁄USflÃË‚◊Ê⁄UÊœŸ‚¢‹ÇŸÊ— ‚¢S∑ΧÂÁflŸ— ‚È∑ΧÁß—! ÷flã× ¡ÊŸãàÿfl ÿÃỖ ÁŒÀ‹Ë-‚¢S∑ΧÃ-•∑§ÊŒ◊Ë ‚¢S∑ΧÃflÊæ˜U◊ÿSÿ ôÊÊŸÁflôÊÊŸÁflSÃÊ⁄UÊÿ ‚ê¬˝Áà ∑ΧÃÁŸ‡øÿÊ fløÃ– ‚¢S∑ΧÃ÷Ê·ÊÿÊ— ‚Ãâ ¬˝øÊ⁄U— ¬˝‚Ê⁄U— º˝ÈÃÃÿÊ ÷flÁŒÁà ◊ ¬˝ÿÊ‚—– ÿlÁ¬ ‚Áãà ’„ÍUÁŸ ¬ÈSÃ∑§ÊÁŸ ‚¢S∑ΧÃ◊äÿÃÈ¢ Á‡ÊÁˇÊÃÈ@ ÃÕÊÁ◊„UÁ·¸áÊÊ ŒÿÊŸãŒŸ “‚¢S∑ΧÃflÊÄÿ¬˝’Ùœ—” ßÁà ŸÊÁêŸ ¬ÈSÃ∑§ ÁflSÃ⁄UáÊ •ÃËfl ‚⁄U‹ÿÊ Áª⁄UÊ Á¡ôÊÊ‚ÈŸÊ¢ ‚¢S∑ΧÃÊäÿÃáÏ ÊÊ¢ Á¬¬Á∆U·áÍ ÊÊ¢ ∑ΧÃ ‡‹ÊÉÊŸËÿ— ¬˝ÿÊ‚— ÁflÁ„U× ßàÿòÊ ŸÊÁSà ∑§Ù˘Á¬ ‚¢Œ„UÊfl‚⁄U—– ◊„UÁ·¸áÊÊ •Ÿ∑§ÊÁŸ ¬ÈSÃ∑§ÊÁŸ ⁄UÁøÃÊÁŸ ÃcflãÿÃ◊ÊÁŸ ‚àÿÊÕ¸¬˝∑§Ê‡Ê—-‚¢S∑§Ê⁄UÁflÁœ—-´§ÇflŒÊÁŒ÷Êcÿ÷ÍÁ◊∑§Ê ø ¬˝Á‚hÊÁŸ ∞fl– ‚àÿÊÕ¸-¬˝∑§Ê‡ÊSÿ ŸÊêŸÒfl ôÊÊÿÃ ÿÃÔ˜ ‚àÿSÿ ¬˝∑§Ê‡ÊŸ¢ ∑§Ã¸√ÿ◊Ô–˜ ‚àÿÊÕ¸— ¬˝∑§Ê‡ÊŸËÿ—– ‚àÿÊ‚àÿÁflfløŸÁ◊Œ¢ œ◊ʸŸÈM§¬◊fl Áflœÿ◊Ô˜– •Ã ∞fl ©UQ§◊Ô˜ó““‚flZ ∑§Êÿ¸¡Êâ œ◊ʸŸÈM§¬◊ÕÊ¸Ã˜Ô ‚àÿÊ‚àÿÁflfløŸ¬È⁄US‚⁄U◊fl Áflœÿ◊Ô–˜ œ◊¸‡ÊéŒŸÊòÊ SflSfl∑§Ã¸√ÿ¬Á⁄U¬Ê‹Ÿ◊fl •¬ÁˇÊâ ÷flÁÖ ∞ÃÃÔ˜ ‚flZ ◊„UÁ·¸áÊÊ ‚¢S∑§Ê⁄UÁflœı ÁflSÃ⁄UáÊ ÁflflÁøÃ◊ÁSÖ ´§ÇflŒÊÁŒ÷Êcÿ÷ÍÁ◊∑§ÊÿÊ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U¬‚ ˝ ª ¢  flŒ¬∆UŸ¬Ê∆UŸÁfl·ÿ ÃŸŒ ¢ S¬CÔU◊ŒÈ ɘ ÊÙÁ·Ã¢ flŒÊÁŒ‡ÊÊSòʬ∆UŸ ‚fl¸·Ê◊Áœ∑§Ê⁄UÙ˘ÁSÖ ∑ȧ×? flŒÊŸÊ◊ˇfl⁄UÙQ§àflÊÃÔ˜, ‚fl¸◊ŸÈcÿÙ¬∑§Ê⁄U∑§àflÊÃÔ˜ ‚àÿÁfllʬ˝∑§Ê‡Ê∑§àflÊìÊ– ÃŸÒfl ©UŒ˜ÉÊÙÁ·Ã¢ ‚flʸŒıó“flŒÙ Á„U ‚flʸ‚Ê◊fl ‚àÿÁfllÊŸÊ¢ ¬ÈSÃ∑¢§, ÃSÿ ¬∆UŸ¢ ¬Ê∆UŸ¢, üÊfláÊ¢ üÊÊfláÊ@ ¬⁄U◊Ù œ◊¸—” ßÁÖ SflSÕ‚◊Ê¡Sÿ ÁŸ◊ʸáÊ¢ ‚ÈÁ‡ÊˇÊÿÊ ∞fl ÷flÁÖ Á‡ÊˇÊÊ¢ ÁflŸÊ ◊ÊŸfl— ŒÊŸfl ∞fl– •Ã ∞fl ◊„UÁ·¸áÊÊ ¬˝ÁìÊÁŒÃ◊Ô˜ó •ÁfllÊÁflŸÊ‡ÊÙ ÁfllÊÁ÷flÎÁhp ÁflœÿÊ– ‚fl¸ÁS◊ŸÔ˜ Œ‡Ê ∞∑§Ù œ◊¸—, ∞∑§Ê ◊ÊŸfl¡ÊÁ×, ∞∑§Ê÷Ê·Ê, SflŒ‡ÊËÿflSÃȬø ˝ Ê⁄U—, ŒÁ‹ÃÙhÊ⁄U— ⁄UÊc≈˛UÙhÊ⁄U—, •S¬Î‡ÿÃÊÿÊ •÷Êfl—, ¡ÊÁÃflÊŒÁfl⁄UÙäÊ— •ÿ¢ ÖÿDUÔ —, •ÿ¢ üÊDUÔ —, •ÿ¢ ◊äÿ◊— •ÿ¢ ∑§ÁŸDÔU ßÁà ÁflL§h‚◊ÊŸÃÊflÊŒ—, ⁄UÊÁc≈˛Uÿ¢ œÊÁ◊¸∑§¢ ‚Ê¢S∑ΧÁÃ∑§¢ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§@ ∞∑§àfl◊Ô,˜ ©Uà∑§≈U— SflŒ‡ÊÊÁ÷◊ÊŸ—, Sfl⁄UÊÖÿÉÊÙ·áÊÊÁŒ∑¢§ ‚fl¸◊ÃŒ˜ •÷ÍìÍflZ ∑§Êÿ¸¡Êâ ◊„UÁ·¸Œÿʟ㌗ Sfl⁄UÊc≈˛Êÿ ¬˝Êÿë¿UØԖ ŸÊ⁄UË¡ÊÁâ ‚ ¬Í¡ŸËÿÊ¢ ◊ãÿÃ– SòÊËÁ‡ÊˇÊÊ¢ ÁflŸÊ ∑§Ù˘Á¬ ‚◊Ê¡— ŸÒfl SflÙÛÊÁâ ∑§ûÊÈZ ‡ÊÄŸÙÃËÁà ÃSÿ ŒÎ…Ù Áfl‡flÊ‚—– ŒÿÊŸãŒÙ Á„U ¬ŒŒÁ‹Ã÷Ê⁄UÃ⁄UÊc≈˛USÿ ¬ÈŸL§àÕÊŸ◊∑§⁄UÙÃÔ˜– ‚ Á„U flSÃÈ× ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§Ë¥ ∑˝§ÊÁãâ √ÿŒœÊÃÔ˜ •ãœüÊhÊ@ ŒÍ⁄UË∑Χàÿ

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‚»§‹⁄UÊc≈˛UÁŸ◊ʸáÊ◊∑§⁄UÙÃÔ˜– ÃÊà∑§ÊÁ‹∑§ ‚◊Ê¡ ÄflÁøŒ˜ ’Ê‹ÁflœflÊŸÊ¢ ∑§L§áÊ∑˝§ãŒŸ◊Ô˜, •ŸÊÕÁ‡Ê‡ÊÍŸÊ¢ NUŒÿÁflŒËáʸ∑§⁄¢U ¬˝⁄UÙŒŸ¢, •’‹ÊŸÊ¢ ø ÁSÕÁÃ⁄UÁÇÊÙøŸËÿÊ ‚¢¡ÊÃÊ •Ê‚ËÃÔ–˜ ‚fl¸ˇÊòÊ·È ÃÊ •¬◊ÊÁŸÃÊ •ŸÊºÎÃÊ— ¬ŒŒÁ‹ÃÊp– ßÃÙåÿÁœ∑§-‡ÊÙøŸËÿÊÁSÕÁ× ‚fl∑§‡ÊÍºÊ˝ áÊÊ◊Ô–˜ ∞ÃÊ— ‚flʸ— ∑ȧ⁄UËÃÿ— ◊„UÁ·¸áÊÊ ŒÍ⁄UË∑ΧÃÊ—– ÷ÙªflÊŒ-•äÿÊà◊flÊŒÿÙ— ‚◊ãflÿ ∞fl ◊„U·¸Áfl¸‡Ê·‚ãŒ‡Ê—– ‚◊Ê¡Sÿ ‚flÒ¸— ¡ŸÒ— ¬ÈL§·ÊÁÕ¸Á÷÷ʸ√ÿ◊Ô˜– “◊àflÊ ∑§◊ʸÁáÊ ‚Ë√ÿÃËÁà ◊ŸÈcÿ—” ¬Á⁄U÷Ê·ÿ¢ ŒÿÊŸãŒŸÊÁ÷◊ÃÊ– ÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ‚¢S∑ΧÃ⁄UÊœÊ⁄USflM§¬Ê ¬ÈL§·ÊÕ¸øÃÈc≈ÿÙ¬ÊÿÊ ßÁà ◊„U·¸— ◊ÊãÿÃÊ •Ê‚ËÃÔ–˜ ◊„UÁ·¸ŒÿÊŸãŒÙ Á„U •Êÿ¸‚S¢ ∑ΧÁâ flŒÊäÿÿŸ¢ ‚¢S∑ΧÃ÷Ê·Ê¢ Á„UãŒË÷Ê·Ê@ ¬˝Áà ‚◊Ê¡ ¬˝◊÷Êfl◊flœ¸ÿÃÔ˜ •S¬Î‡ÿÃÊ∑§‹VÔU@ ¬ÿ¸◊Ê¡¸ÿÃÔ–˜ ∞flê¬˝∑§Ê⁄UáÊ flÄÃÈ¢Ô ‡ÊÄÿÃ ÿÃÔ˜ ◊„UÁ·¸ŒÿÊŸãŒÙ sÔÃ ʌ·ÊË¥ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§Ë◊Ô˜ •ÊÁÕ¸∑§Ë¥, œÊÁ◊¸∑§Ë◊Ô˜, •ÊäÿÊÁà◊∑§Ë@ √ÿflSÕÊ◊Ô˜ •◊ãflÃ, ÿŸ ø ÷ÍË◊flŒ ¢ Sflª¸œÊ◊M§¬áÊ ¬˝flÃø – •Õ ø ¡ã◊ŸÙ ◊ÎàÿȬÿ¸ãâ Ÿ ∑§Ù˘Á¬˝ÊáÊË ŒÈπ¢ Ä‹‡Ê¢ flÊ˘ŸÈ÷flŒ˜– ‚fl¸òÊ ‚àÿ¬˝øÊ⁄U¬˝‚Ê⁄UáÊ ‚fl¸·È ∞Äÿ◊¢SÕʬŸŸ m·÷Êfl¢ Áfl„UÊÿ ¬⁄US¬⁄U‚¬È Ë˝ ÁÃ-‚¢ÿÙ¡ŸŸ ‚flʸŸ˜Ô ‹Ê÷ÊÁãflÃÊŸÔ˜ ∑§ÃÈZ ◊ ¬˝ÿàŸÙ˘Á÷¬˝Êÿp ßÁà ◊„U·¸p⁄U◊‹ˇÿ◊Ô˜– ◊„UÁ·¸¬á˝ ÊËÃ-‚¢S∑ΧÃflÊÄÿ¬˝’ÙœSÿÊSÿ ¬ÈSÃ∑§Sÿ •Ê¢Ç‹÷Ê·ÊÿÊ◊Ô˜ •ŸÈflʌ٠ÁflÁ„U× ¬˝Á‚hÁflŒÈ·Ê «UÊ0 Ú π¡ÊŸÁ‚¢„UªÁÈ ‹ÿÊ◊„UÙŒÿŸ– ∞Ã·Ê¢ ◊„UÊ÷ʪʟÊ◊Ô˜ •„¢U ÁŒÀ‹Ë-‚¢S∑ΧÃ-•∑§ÊŒ◊ˬˇÊ× „UÊÁŒ¸∑¢§ œãÿflÊŒ¢ ∑§⁄UÙÁ◊– •Ê‡ÊÊ‚ ø ¬ÈSÃ∑§Á◊Œ¢ ‚¢S∑ΧÃ-Á„UãŒË-•Ê¢Ç‹÷Ê·Ê-Á¡ôÊÊ‚ÍŸÊ¢ ∑ΧÃ ◊„UŒÈ¬∑§ÊÁ⁄U ÷ÁflcÿÁà ßÁÖ ‚Áøfl— ÁŒÀ‹Ë-‚¢S∑ΧÃ-•∑§ÊŒ◊Ë

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Hkwfedk

(egf"kZn;kuUnsu ewyr% fgUnhHkk"kk;ka fyf[krk¿=k laLd`rsu :ikUrfjrk) ^laLd`rokD;izcks/* bR;L; iqLrdL; fojpua e;k¿& o';dj.kh;a d`R;a era ;rks fg(o.kksZPpkj.k&)f'k{kk&e/hR; fo|kfFkZuka fdf×pfRdf×pr~lLa d`rlEHkk"k.ka rs"kkeqRlkgoèkZugsrjq os A ;nk rs O;kdj.kL; lfU/fo"k;kfnlEc¼kfu iqLrdkfu ifB";fUr rnk rq rs Lor ,o laLd`rlEHkk"k.kKkua izkIL;UR;soA ija rLekRiwo± laLd`rlEHkk"k.ks ;ks¿H;kl% fØ;rs l Hkfo";fr laLd`rkè;;us rs"kka ijelkgkÕ;djks HkforkA iqu'p] ;s fg O;kdj.kxzUFkkuuèkhR;kfi laLd`rlEHkk"k.kk; mRlgUrs rs iqLrd& fena laiBÔ O;kogkfjda laLd`ra lEHkk"kek.kk% vU;ku~ p laLd`rHkk"kek.kku~ Ük`.oUrks¿fi fdf×pr~fdf×pRlaLd`reoxUrqa 'k{;fUrA ckY;s d`r% laLd`rlEHkk"k.kkH;klks Hkfo";fr lrra o/Zeku% LFkkrkA rFkk p ijLija laLd`rsu lEHkk"kek.kk% ckydk% ;wuks o;kso`¼ka'p laLd`rlEHkk"k.kk; #fper% dr±q izsjdk% Hkforkj ,o! vfi p laLd`rlEHkk"k.ka r=kkfi mi;ksfx Hkfo";fr ;=k vlaLd`rKkuka eè;s laLd`rHkkf"k.kks¿U;ks¿U;a Lodh;a xqIr& eqís';a izs"kf;rqdkek%A ;nk ,rn~xzUFkLFkkfu okD;kfu vè;kidk% ikB;s;qLrnk rkn`'kkU;sokU;kfu uokfu okD;kfu lajP; fo|kfFkZuka le{ks Jko;s;q% ;su rkn`'kkfu vijkf.k okD;kfu fo|kfFkZuks cqf¼xE;kfu L;q%A rFkk p fo|kfFkZuks¿fi okD;esda lEiB~; rRln`'kkU;U;kfu okD;kfu jp;s;q% ;sukfr'kh?kza rn~xrks cks/ks Hkosr~A ija rS%

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Li"Vk{kjS%] 'kq¼ksPpkj.kS%] lkFkZdS'p HkwRok oLrqfo"k;ns'kdkyk& uqdwY;a p lEekU; lEHkk"k.kh;e~A vU;Hkkf"krkfu okD;kfu p nÙkkoèkkuS% JqRok cks/O;kfuA izlÂeq[kRoa] /S;±] fujfHkekfuRoa] xkEHkh;± pknhu~ xq.kku~ /`Rok] Øksèka] pkiY;e~] vfHkekua] rqPN& Roknhu~ nks"kku~ ifjR;T; LoL; dL;kI;U;L; lR;eUrO;L; [k.Mue~] vlR;i{kL; e.Mua p u dnkfi dj.kh;e~A ,o×p lR;xzg.ks layXuS% LFkkrO;e~A vfLeUxzUFks laLd`rokD;kfu iwo± nÙkkfu] iqu'p rs"kka le{ks1 rs"kka Hkk"kkFkkZ% fyf[krk% ;su ikBdk% lkSfoè;a izkI; laLd`rkn~Hkk"kk;ka Hkk"kk;k'p laLd`rs :ikUrj.ka drq± 'kDuq;q%A dk'kh] iQk-'kq- ûû ûùýö fo-

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ijefLeafL=kHkk"kh;laLdj.ks vkaXyfgUnh:ikUrj.ks izR;sda laLd`rokD;L;k/ ,o nÙks Lr%A

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Hkwfedk eSua s bl ^laLd`rokD;izcks/* iqLrd dks cukuk vko';d blfy;s le>k gS fd f'k{kk dks i< ds dqN&dqN laLd`r Hkk"k.k dk vkuk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mRlkg dk dkj.k gSA tc os O;kdj.k ds lfU/fo"k;kfn iqLrdksa dks i< ysaxs rc rks mudks Lor% gh laLd`r cksyus dk cks/ gks tk;sxk] ijUrq ;g tks laLd`r cksyus dk vH;kl izFke fd;k tkrk gS og Hkh vkxs&vkxs laLd`r i<+us esa cgqr lgk; djsxkA tks dksbZ O;kdj.kkfn xzUFk i<+s fouk Hkh laLd`r cksyus esa mRlkg djrs gSa os Hkh bldks i<+ds O;ogkjlEcUèkh laLd`r Hkk"kk dks cksy vkSj nwljs dk lquds Hkh dqN&dqN le> ldsxa As tc ckY;koLFkk ls laLd`r ds cksyus dk vH;kl gksxk rks mudks vkxs&vkxs laLd`r cksyus dk vH;kl vfèkd&vfèkd gh gksrk tk;sxkA vkSj tc ckyd Hkh vkil esa laLd`r Hkk"k.k djsaxs rks mudks ns[kdj toku o`¼ Hkh laLd`r cksyus esa #fp vo'; djsaxsA tgka dgha laLd`r ds ugha tkuus okys euq";ksa ds lkeus nwljs dks viuk xqIr vfHkizk; le>kuk pkgsa rks ogka laLd`r Hkk"k.k dke vkrk gSA tc blds i<+kus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks xzUFkLFk okD;ksa dks i<+kosa ml le; nwljs oSls gh uohu okD; cukdj lqukrs tkosa] ftlls i<+us okyksa dh cqf¼ ckgj ds okD;ksa esa Hkh iSQy tk;A vkSj i<+usokys Hkh ,d okD; dks i<+ ds mlds ln`'k vU; okD;ksa dh jpuk Hkh djsa fd ftlls cgqr 'kh?kz cks/ gks tk;sA ijUrq okD; cksyus esa Li"V v{kj] 'kq¼ksPpkj.k]

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lkFkZdrk] ns'k vkSj dky oLrq ds vuqdwy tks in tgka cksyuk mfpr gks ogha cksyuk vkSj nwljs ds okD;ksa ij è;ku nsdj lquds le>ukA izlUueq[k] /S;]Z fujfHkeku vkSj xEHkhjrkfn xq.kksa dks /kj.k djds Øks/] piyrk] vfHkeku vkSj rqPNrkfn nks"kksa ls nwj jgdj vius ok fdlh ds lR; okD; dk [k.Mu vkSj vius vFkok fdlh ds vlR; dk eaMu dHkh u djsa vkSj loZnk lR; dk xzg.k djrs jgsaA bl xzUFk esa laLd`rokD; izFke vkSj mlds lkeusv Hkk"kkFkZ blfy;s fy[kk gS fd i<+usokyksa dks lqxerk gks vkSj laLd`r dh Hkk"kk vkSj Hkk"kk dk laLd`r Hkh ;Fkk;ksX; cuk ldsA dk'kh] iQk-'kq- ûû ûùýö fo-

v

gLrk& n;kuUnljLorh

uksV % fdUrq bl f=kHkk"kh; laLdj.k esa fgUnh o vaxzsth :ikUrj.k laLd`r okD;ksa ds uhps gh fn;s x;s gSaA

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INTRODUCTION (English translation of bhoomika originally written in Hindi

by Maharshi Dayanand) I regarded writing the book entitled Sanskrit Vakyaprabodha as essential because after having read Varnochcharan Shiksha students feel spirited if they are able to speak a bit of Sanskrit. Later on when they go through grammar books carrying subjects like Sandhi, etc. they will themselves acquire the knowledge of speaking Sanskrit. But the practice in spoken Sanskrit carried out beforehand is of great help in the study of this language afterwards as one goes ahead and further ahead. Even those who feel inspired to speak Sanskrit without having gone through books of grammar, etc. too will be able to understand some Sanskrit by reading this book, and further by speaking to and listening from others day-to-day communicative Sanskrit. When one acquires practice in spoken Sanskrit in childhood this practice gets further strengthened by and by as one advances. Besides, seeing children conversing in Sanskrit, the grown-ups and the older people are also bound to develop interest in speaking Sanskrit.

Also, Sanskrit speaking stands in good stead when some secret communication is sought to be made between Sanskritknowing people in the presence of those not conversant with this language.

While teaching the sentences in this book the teachers should construct new sentences on the pattern of given sentences, and speak them out to their students so that the latter are able to apply this understanding in the construction of similar sentences also. Thus the students should be able to

10

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create new sentences similar to the ones given in this book which will help them in a quicker comprehension of the language. However, they should speak sentences clearly distinguishing each sound, and correctly pronouncing them, and also ensuring correct communication. They should also ensure that a word or a phrase should be used in consonance with the topic, place and time, and also ensure to understand attentively the purport of their interlocutors' utterances.

Imbibing virtues of cheerfulness, patience, humility and seriousness, and shedding vices of being short-tempered, whimsical, vain and trivial they should never disparage their own or any other’s true stand, and never support their own or others' wrong and false stance. Thus they should always keep on owning and embracing truth.

Sanskrit sentences in this book have been given first and their Hindi version in their front1 so that readers feel facilitated, and are able to convert Sanskrit into Hindi and viceversa, as required.

Kashi, Falgun, Shukla 11 1936 Vikrami

1

Sd/Dayanand Saraswati

However, in the present trilingual edition Hindi and English versions have been given beneath the Sanskrit sentences.

‚¢S∑ΧÃflÊÄÿ¬˝’Ùœ—

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vuqokndh;e~ egf"kZn;kuUnd`rlaLd`rokD;izcks/ bR;k[;iqLrdLFkkuka laLd`rokD;kukekaXyHkk"kk:ikUrj.ka dkjf;rqa fnYyh&laLd`r& vdknE;k d`rkuqjks/ks¿gesrRdk;kZFk± lg"kZe| q rks¿Hkoe~A iqLrds¿& fLeu~ laLd`rokD;kuka fgUnh:ikUrj.ka fo}Yys[kdsu fgUnhHkkf"k& {ks=kLFkkuka f'k{kkfFkZuka d`rs iwoZr ,o nÙke~A vkaXy:ikUrj.kizki.ks Li"Vrks¿dknE;k mís';ks¿;a laLd`rf'k{kda iqLrdfena Hk`'ka izpjsr~ izljsPpsfrA ns'ks¿Lekda cgwfu {ks=kkf.k lfUr ;=k fgUnhHkk"kk u rq Hkk";rs u pkI;oxE;rsA rFkkfi r=k laLd`ra #fpiwoZda iBÔrs ikBÔrs pA ds"kqfpR{ks=ks"kq dklqfpRlaLFkklq p laLd`r& ekaXyHkk"kkekè;esuSok/h;rs¿è;kI;rs pA ,rkn`'kk.kka {ks=kk.kka d`rs iqLrdfena egnqi;ksfx Hkfo";rhfr u v=k lUnsgkolj%A Jw;rs vdkneh;a iqLrdL;kL; iatkch&:ikUrj.kd`rs¿fi iz;kljrkA vLrq] ;korhLofi Hkk"kklq iqLrdL;kL; :ikUrj.ka fØ;sr rkonso laLd`rHkk"kk;S Hknzrja HkforkA ^laLd`rokD;izcks/%* izFken`"VÔk fgUnhHkk"kkr% laLd`r¿s & uqoknf'k{kda fdefi iqLrda izfrHkkfrA ijekdyuesrÂfg lehphue~A ufg iqLrdfena O;kdj.kkuqoknekè;esu laLd`ra f'k{k;frA iqLrdL;kL;ksís';ks¿|ruh;kfryksdfiz;fo'ofo[;k& rHkk"kkoSKkfudS% lEera f}rh;&Hkk"kkf'k{k.kL; izR;{kHkk"kk& f'k{k.kfof/% (Direct Method of Teaching a Second Language) bR;suekfJR; f'k{kkfFkZuka laLd`rlEizs"k.k{kkE;o/Zue~A Lokfe& n;kuUnsus;a i¼fr% foa'kfr'krkC|keL;k vkxeukr~ izk;s.k 'kro"kZiwoZeso iz'kaflrk Lohd`rk pA vLeknso Lokfeo;Z%

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iqLrdL;kL; Hkwfedk;ka i¼frfeeke~ ,oa Li"Vhdjksfr%& O;kdj.kxzUFkkuuèkhR;kfi iqLrdfena laiBÔ ckydk% O;kogkfjda laLd`ra lEHkk"kek.kk% vU;ka'p laLd`rlEHkk"kek.kku~ Ük`.oUr% laLd`reoxUrqa 'k{;fUrA iqu'p ½f"k.kk¿è;kidk% fo|kfFkZu'p cksf/rk%&,rRiqLrdLFkkfu okD;kU;uql`R; rs uokU;U;kfu cgwfu okD;kfu jp;s;q% ;su rs"kka laLd`rlEizs"k.klkeF;± o/sZr iq";sr pA ,oa ijks{krks fo}Yys[kdks n'kZ;fr u lLd`ra e`rHkk"kk u pkfi dsoya iqLrdky;h;Hkk"kSo] vfirq thoUrh;a Hkk"kk nSfudO;ogkjk; p iw.kZ:is.kksi;qDrs;a Hkk"ksfrA n;kuUn"ksZfjeka Hkkouka lEekU;ekuk% laLd`rkuqjkfx.kks o;a Hkk"kk;k vL;k Hk`'ka izpkja dq;kZesR;ga dke;sA dL;kfi ns'kL; leqnk;L; ok lkaLd`frdkuka nk'kZfudkuka /kfeZdk.kka p fopkjk.kka dL;kefi nwjLFkns'kh;Hkk"kk;ka :ikUrj.k& dj.ka ukfrljye~A :ikUrj.kdkjL; dkfBU;a oèkZrs ;fn };ks& HkkZ"k;ks% ,dk¿fi iqjkruk Hkosr~A izR;sda 'kCnk; yf{kr& Hkk"kk;keqi;qDr'kCnks u feyfrA laLd`rs vusds 'kCnk ,oafo/k ;s"kka Hkko% lkekU;r;k&vkaXyHkk"kk;ka ;FkkFkZr% izdVf;rqa 'kD;r ,o uA u HkosfRdefi mHk;Hkk"kk:i;ksjUrjfeR;srnFk± iz;kla dqokZ.ksukI;uqokndsu ;nk¿uqHkw;rs :ikUrj.ka {kh.krstks tkra rnk l foo'khHkw; bVSfyDleqnz.kekJÕ; ewy'kCnku~ iz;qÄïrsA rnsok=k e;k d`raA fLFkR;keL;ka ukU;ks fo|rs O;kt% {kekfFkZRoa xeukr~A :ikUrj.kdj.ks¿=k iz;kl% d`rks okD;kuka ewyHkko% 'kCnku~ vfrfjP;srsfrA ije v=k 'kCnk vfi uksisf{krk%A vLekn~ cgq/k oSdfYid:ietk;rA ,rkn`';ka fLFkR;ka oSdfYid:ia

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dks"Bd;ks% iznÙke~A v=k oSdfYid:iL; iz;ksxks¿o/kusu dÙkZO;% ikBdS%A dks"Bd;ks% iznûÊ¢ oSdfYid:ia dsoya rL;So HkkxL; LFkkukiÂa ;ks fg js[kkfÄïr% d`r%A ija ;=kkfi dks"Bd;ks% iz;ksxks js[kkfÄïr:ia ukuqljfr r=k dks"Bd;ks% nÙkks¿a'kks okD;L;So vÄõa eRok ifBrO;%A vga d`rKks¿fLe iQjhnkcknLFk&leknj.kh;kuka izks- jkeohj (gfj;k.kk loZdkjL; mPprj&f'k{kk&foHkkxr% lsokfuo`Ùkkuke~) ;S% iqLrdL;kL; eqnz.kiwoZizk:ia foe`';kUrohZ{; pkusd'k% ijke'k± iznk; vL;kÄõyHkk"kk:iL; xq.koÙkk of/ZrkA vUrs p fnYyh&laLd`r&vdknE;k% inkf/dkfj.kks fo'ks"k& r'p vL;k% fo}kal% lfpok% MkW- /esZUnzdqekjegksn;k% es /U;oknkgkZ% ;S% egÔa :ikUrj.kdk;± iznk; eg"ksZ% laLd`rkuq& jkxHkkoa izlkjf;rqeolj% iznÙk%A (LorU=krk&fnol%) fonq"kka o'kaon% 15 vxLr] 2013

& MkW- [ktkuflag&xqfy;k 73/14] jksfgrde~ (gfj;k.kk) pyHkk"kkad% 09354142285

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vuqokndh; fnYyh laLd`r vdkneh us eq> ls vuqjks/ fd;k fd eSa egf"kZn;kuUnd`r ^laLd`rokD;izcks/%* uke dh iqfLrdk esa fn;s gq;s laLd`r okD;ksa dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn d:a] ftls eSaus lg"kZ Lohdkj dj fy;kA bl iqfLrdk esa igys ls gh egf"kZ us fgUnh&Hkk"kh yksxksa ds ykHkkFkZ okD;ksa dk fgUnh :ikUrj mifLFkr gSA vdkneh dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn djokus dk Li"Vr;k mn~ns'; ;gh gS fd bl laLd`r fl[kkus okyh iqLrd dks vf/dkf/d izpkj&izlkj feysA Hkkjr ds cM+s Hkkx esa vc Hkh fgUnh u rks vPNh rjg cksyh tkrh gS vkSj u gh le>h tkrh gS] fiQj Hkh ogka laLd`r Hkk"kk dks cM+h #fpiwoZd i<+k o i<+k;k tkrk gSA vkSj dqN {ks=k o laLFkk;sa rks ,slh gSa tgka laLd`r dks vaxzsth ds ekè;e ls lh[kk vkSj fl[kk;k tkrk gSA ;g vaxzsth vuqokn ,sls {ks=kksa dh vko';drk dks iwjk djus ds fy;s gh djok;k x;k gSA irk yxk gS fd bl iqLrd dk ¬Ü¡Ê’Ë esa vuqokn djokus ds fy;s Hkh iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA vLrq] ftruh Hkh vf/d Hkk"kkvksa esa bl iqLrd dk vuqokn gks mruk gh laLd`r Hkk"kk ds LokLF; ds fy;s vPNk jgsxkA gesa bl Hkk"kk ds LokLF; dk è;ku j[kuk gS D;ksafd ;g Hkkjrh; /jksgj o fopkjèkkjk dh laokgd gSA ^laLd`rokD;izcks/%* iqLrd dks ns[kdj izFken`"VÔk ,slk yxrk gS tSls ;g fgUnh ls laLd`r esa vuqokn fl[kkus okyh dksbZ iqLrd gksos tks fd lgh vkdyu ugha gSA ;fn ,slk gksrk rks blesa igys ljy vkSj fiQj dfBu vkSj

‚¢S∑ΧÃflÊÄÿ¬˝’Ùœ—

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dfBurj okD;ksa dks cukuk fl[kkus dk iz;kl gksrkA ijUrq ,slk ugha gSA ;g iqLrd vuqokn o O;kdj.k fl[kkdj laLd`r fl[kkus okyh iqLrd ugha gS vfirq bl iqLrd dk mís'; gS f}rh; ;k fons'kh Hkk"kk f'k{k.k ds fy;s vkt dh yksdfiz;] o izfl¼ Hkk"kkoSKkfudksa }kjk vuqeksfnr izR;{k& Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k fof/ ij vkfJr gksrs gq;s] Hkk"kk;h lEizs"k.k fl[kkukA nsf[k;s Lokeh n;kuUn us bl fof/ dks] blds yksdfiz; gksus ls 'kr o"kZ iwoZ gh viuk fy;kA blhfy;s os bl iqLrd ds fy;s fy[kh xbZ Hkwfedk esa fy[krs gSa fd fo|kFkhZ ds O;kdj.k lh[kus ds igys gh mls laLd`r cksyuh vk tk;s ;gh bl iqLrd dk mís'; gSA mUgksaus dqN okD;ksa dh lajpuk nsdj f'k{kd o f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa ls ;g vis{kk dh gS fd os mUgha lajpukvksa ij vkSj okD; cuk;sa vkSj vH;kl djsa ftlls mudk laLd`r&lEizs"k.k iq"V gksosA bl izdkj mUgksaus ijks{kr% ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd laLd`r dks e`rHkk"kk ;k dsoy iqLrdky;h; Hkk"kk gh u ekuk tk;s vfirq bls thoUr ekurs gq;s bls nSfud O;ogkj ds iz;ksx esa yk;k tk;sA vr% Lokeh n;kuUn dh bl Hkkouk dks mfpr vknj nsrs gq;s ;g mi;qDr gh gksxk ;fn bl iqLrd dk vfèkdkf/ d izpkj&izlkj gksosA bl iqLrd esa fn;s x;s okD;ksa ds vaxzsth esa vuqokn dk tgka rd lEcU/ gS ;g dguk gksxk fd fdlh Hkh ns'k ;k leqnk; ds lkaLd`frd] /kfeZd] nk'kZfud] vkè;kfRed fopkjksa dk fdlh nwjLFk ns'k dh Hkk"kk esa vuqokn djuk ,d dfBu dk;Z gksrk gSA dfBukbZ vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrh gS ;fn ewy

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Hkk"kk vFkok vuqokn dh Hkk"kk iqjkuh gksA vuqoknd dks izR;sd 'kCn ds fy;s yf{kr Hkk"kk esa ,slk 'kCn <wa<uk iM+rk gS tks ogh Hkko O;Dr djrk gks tks ewy Hkk"kk ds 'kCn dk gksA ;g fdruk pqukSrh Hkjk dke gksrk gS mldk ikBd vuqeku yxk ldrs gSaA laLd`r ds vusd ,sls 'kCn gSa ftudk lekukFkZd vaxzsth esa lkekU;r;k ugha feyrkA ,slh fLFkfr esa ewy'kCn dks gh ys ysuk foo'krk Fkh vr% mUgsa bVSfyDl Vkbi esa eqfnzr dj fn;k x;k gSA dqN Hkh gks] vuqokn vuqokn gh gksrk gS] mldk eqdkcyk ewyHkk"kk esa fy[kh x;h lkexzh ls ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;gka vaxzsth :i nsrs le; 'kCnksa dh vis{kk Hkko dks vf/d egÙo fn;k x;k gSA blfy;s izk;% vaxzsth ds okD;ksa esa tgka oSdfYid :i nsuk gqvk rks okD; ds ml Hkkx dks js[kkafdr djds dks"Bdksa esa cjkcj (¾) dk fpUg nsdj ml :i dks fn;k gSA izk;% igys fn;k gqvk Hkkx dks"Bdksa esa fn;s gq;s Hkkx ls Hkko ds vf/d lehi le>k x;k gSA fdUrq ;g è;ku jgs fd dks"Bdksa esa fn;k x;k Hkkx dsoy mrus gh Hkkx dk LFkkuki gS ftrus Hkkx dks js[kkfÄïr fd;k x;k gSA vusd LFkkuksa ij vaxzsth :ikUrj.k esa dks"Bdksa dk iz;ksx vU;Fkk Hkh gqvk gS tks fdlh js[kkfÄïr Hkkx ds LFkkuki nsus ds fy;s ugha fd;k x;k vfirq laLd`r ds okD; esa fufgr Hkko dks iwjh rjg Li"V djus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gSA dks"Bdksa dk iz;ksx blfy;s djuk iM+k D;ksafd ewy laLd`r okD; esa Hkko gksrs gq;s Hkh lekukUrj 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ugha gqvk gSA

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eSa iQjhnkckn fuoklh leknj.kh; izks- (MkW-) jkeohj (gfj;k.kk ljdkj ds mPprj f'k{kk foHkkx ls lsokfuo`Ùk) dk vkHkkjh gw¡ ftUgksaus bl iqLrd dh ik.Mqfyfi i<+ dj vusd mi;ksxh lq>ko nsdj fo'ks"kr;k blds vaxzsth :ikUrj.k dks le`¼ fd;k gSA vUr esa eSa fnYyh laLd`r vdkneh ds inkf/dkfj;ksa] fo'ks"kr;k vdkneh ds lfpo MkW- /eZsUnz dqekj dk g`n; ls èkU;okn djrk gwa fd mUgksaus eq>s laLd`r ls vaxzsth esa :ikUrfjr djus dk dk;Z nsdj egf"kZ ds laLd`r izseHkko dks izlkfjr djus dk lqvolj iznku fd;kA

15 vxLr] 2013

&MkW0 [ktku flag xqfy;k 73@14] jksgrdA

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TRANSLATORIAL Delhi Sanskrit Academy entrusted to me the task of translating Sanskrit sentences given in Maharshi Dayanand’s book Sanskritvakyaprabodhah into English.

This book already carries their Hindi version for the facility of Hindi region students. The purpose of the Academy in seeking their English version obviously is to acquire a wider reach for the book. In a large area in India Hindi is not the spoken or even the comprehended language, and yet Sanskrit is being taught and learnt with great interest there. In some of these areas Sanskrit is being learnt and taught through the medium of English.

It is to cater to the needs of such areas that the English version is being procured. I am told that an attempt is being made at securing a Panjabi version also of this book. In any case, the more the languages it is translated into the better it would be for the health of Sanskrit language which is the repository of Indian ethos, to be brief.

Sanskritvakyaprabodhah as some may mistake it to be on its first sight is not a book teaching translation from Hindi into Sanskrit, and has therefore, not been graded on the pattern of simple to difficult and more difficult sentences and structures. As a matter of fact it seeks to teach communicative Sanskrit not through the translation-grammar method but through the direct method of teaching a second language which is very popular and is in vogue these days as a method

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approved by great linguists disparaging the grammar-translation method. Swami Dayanand had visualized about a century earlier the utility of the direct method. That is why he says in the introduction to this book that before a student comes to learn Sanskrit grammar he should be able to speak some Sanskrit for which purpose the Swami created this book. So he has given certain patterns of sentences on which the teachers should teach their students to form more and more sentences and give practice in spoken Sanskrit. Thus it is apparent that Swami Dayanand treats Sanskrit as a live language against the popular perception that it is a dead language, and is at best a library language. So to honour the great Swami’s endeavour it is only in the fitness of things that such books as Sanskritvakyaprabodhah should be given wider and wider publicity as is being done by Delhi Sanskrit Academy.

Coming to the present attempt at translation into English, it is being admitted frankly here that it is very difficult to put the religious, spiritual, philosophical, technological, familial and civilization-related ideas of one nation or community into a language other than its own.

Things become more difficult if either of the languages is an ancient one. The translator has to find out an exact equivalent of the word of the original language into the target language communicating the very sense and connotation carried in the word. This surely is a more challenging task than the readers of the translated version imagine. These difficulties were experienced even in case of apparently small and simple sentences. Help was

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secured from some knowledgeable sources and yet no easy equivalent could be found in case of certain words.

In some of such cases the original Sanskrit or Indian word was retained and italicized, instead of putting in its place a highly technical and unclear word. However, attempt has been made to convey the purport of the original to the extent it was possible, such constraints notwithstanding. All the same, translation is translation and cannot match the original in the efficacy of communication for which only apologies can be offered.

While giving English version of sentences the sense contained in the original sentences was regarded as more important than the words used in the sentences.

But words have also been given due consideration. This consideration has led to, in some cases, an alternative version in English. In such cases, it must be noted that the version given enclosed in the brackets is a substitute of only that part of the first version which has been underlined. Bracketed parts in English version which do not follow any underlined portion have been used to make the sense of a Sanskrit sentence fully clear. Such parts, therefore, may be read as a portion of the English version. Brackets in such cases have been used only because often the Sanskrit sentence carries only the sense to that effect and not the corresponding words.

I am beholden to Prof. (Dr.) Ramvir of Faridabad (Retired from Dept. of Higher Education, Govt. of Haryana) who went through the manuscript of the book

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and made valuable suggestions enhancing the quality particularly of the English version.

At the end I would express my sense of gratitude to the office bearers, and particularly Dr. Dharmendra Kumar, Secretary of the Academy, who gave me an opportunity to serve the cause of Sanskrit language which was so dear to Maharashi Dayanand.

15 August 2013 Independance Day.

Dr. Khazan Singh Gulia 73/14, Rohtak Haryana. 124001 Mobile: 09354142285

fo"k;lwphi=ke~ INDEX Ø-la-

uke izdj.k

i`"Bla[;k

1-

xq#f'k";okrkZykiizdj.ke~

26

1.

Conversation between the Teacher and the Student

26

2-

ukefuoklLFkkuizdj.ke~

31

2.

Names and Places of Residence

31

3-

x`gkJeizdj.ke~

38

3.

Household Life

38

4-

Hkkstuizdj.ke~

40

4.

Food

40

5-

ns'kns'kkUrjizdj.ke~

44

5.

Home and Abroad

44

6-

lHkkizdj.ke~

50

6.

A Meeting

50

7-

vkÕ;kZoÙkZpØofÙkZjktizdj.ke~

52

7.

The Emperors of Aaryavartta

52

8-

jktiztky{k.kjktuhR;uhfrizdj.ke~

53

8.

The Traits of a Ruler and the Subjects; Politics and Mal-politics

53

9-

'k=kqo'kdj.kizdj.ke~

55

9.

How to Subdue the Enemy

55

10- oS';O;ogkjizdj.ke~

58

10. The Conduct of the Businessmen

58

11- dqlhnxzg.kizdj.ke~

58

11. Money-lending on Interest

58

12- ukSdkfoekukfnpkyuizdj.ke~

59

12. Piloting Boats, Aricraft, etc.

59

‚¢S∑ΧÃflÊÄÿ¬˝’Ùœ—

23

24

13- Ø;foØ;izdj.ke~

61

29- L=kh'oJw'o'kqjkfnlsO;lsodizdj.ke~

94

13. Sale and Purchase

61

29. Woman in Service of her Parents-in-law and Others

94

14- xeukxeuizdj.ke~

64

30- uuUn`Hkzkr`tk;koknizdj.ke~

95

14. Movement to and fro

64

15- {ks=koiuizdj.ke~

65

30. Conversation between a Bhabhi and a Nanand

95

31- lka;dkyd`R;izdj.ke~

99

15. Sowing the Fields

65

16- 'kL;PNsnuizdj.ke~

67

31. Evening Duties

99

16. Reaping Harvest

67

17- xokfnnksguifjek.kizdj.ke~

68

17. Milking Cows, and their Yield

68

18- Ø;foØ;k?kZizdj.ke~

69

18. Rate of Sale and Purchase 19. ∑ȧ‚ËŒ¬˝∑§⁄UáÊ◊Ô˜ 19. Charging of Interest

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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32- 'kjhjko;oizdj.ke~

102

32. Parts of the Body

102

33- jktlHkkizdj.ke~

112

33. The Governing Body

112

69

34- xzkE;i'kqizdj.ke~

116

|Æ

34. Rural Animals

116

70

35- xzkeLFkif{kizdj.ke~

122

20- mÙke.kkZ/e.kZizdj.ke~

71

35. Rural Birds

122

20. The Creditor and the Debtor

71

36- oU;i'kqizdj.ke~

124

21- jktiztklEcU/izdj.ke~

72

36. Wild Animals

124

21. The Relationship between the Ruler and the People

72

37- ouLFkif{kizdj.ke~

127

22- lkf{kizdj.ke~

73

37. Wild Birds

127

22. The Witness

73

23- lsO;lsodizdj.ke~

80

38- fr;ZXtUrqizdj.ke~

129

38. Crooked Creatures

129

23. The Master and the Servant

80

24- fefJrizdj.ke~

82

39- tytUrqizdj.ke~

131

39. Aquatic Beings

131

24. Miscellaneous

82

25- xeukxeuizdj.ke~

83

40- o`{kouLifrizdj.ke~

132

25. Movement to and fro

83

40. Trees & Vegetation

132

26- jksxizdj.ke~

85

41- vkS"k/izdj.ke~

135

26. Ailments

85

41. Medicines

135

27- fefJrizdj.ke~

88

42- vkReh;izdj.ke~

138

27. Miscellaneous

88

42. Personal Details

138

28- fookgL=khiq#"kkykiizdj.ke~

91

43- lkeUrizdj.ke~

28. Marriage, Conversation between Wife and Husband

91

43. Feudal Lords

142 142

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44- dk#izdj.ke~

143

44. An Artisan

143

45- v;Ldkjizdj.ke~

144

45. An Iron-smith

144

ijexqjos ijekReus ue%

46- lqo.kZdkjizdj.ke~

145

A Bow to God, the Foremost Preceptor.

46. A Goldsmith

145

47- dqykyizdj.ke~

147

vFk laLd`rokD;izcks/%

47. A Potter

147

48- rUrqok;izdj.ke~

147

48. A Weaver

147

49- lwphdkjizdj.ke~

147

49. A Tailor

147

50- fefJrizdj.ke~

148

50. A Miscellaneous

148

51- ys[;ys[kdizdj.ke~

162

51. Topics and Authors

162

52- eUrO;keUrO;izdj.ke~

166

52. Beliefs and Non-beliefs

166

vksýe~ OM

Now begins the book 'Sanskritavakyaprabodhah'

1- xq#f'k";okrkZykiizdj.ke~ 1. Conversation between the Teacher and the Student

1-

laLd`r%& Hkks% f'k"; mfÙk"B izkr%dkyks tkr%A fgUnh%& gs f'k";! mB losjk gqvkA English:- Student! Get up. It is morning.

2-

mfÙk"BkfeA mBrk gw¡A I am getting up.

3-

vU;s losZ fo|kfFkZu mfRFkrk u ok\ vkSj lc fo|kFkhZ mBs ;k ugha\ Have all other students got up or not?

4-

v/quk rq uksfRFkrk% [kyqA vHkh rks ugha mBs gSaA So far, they haven't got up.

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5-

rkufi lokZuqRFkki;A mu lc dks Hkh mBk nsA Get all of them up also. (= Awaken/waken/wake all of them also).

6-

loZ mRFkkfirk%A lc mBk fn;sA All have been awakened / wakened/woken.

7-

lEizR;LekfHk% fda dÙkZO;e~\ bl le; gedks D;k djuk pkfg;s\ What shall (=should) we do now?

8-

vko';da 'kkSpkfnda d`Rok lUè;koUnue~A vko';d 'kjhj'kqf¼ djds lUè;ksiklukA (You should) offer benedictory prayers to God after carrying out essential cleanliness, etc. of the body.

9-

vko';da d`Rok lUè;ksikflrk¿r% ijeLekfHk% fda dj.kh;e~\ vko';d deZ djds lUè;ksikluk dj fy;k] blds vkxs ge dks D;k djuk pkfg,\ We have offered benedictory prayers after carrying out morning essentials. What shall (=should) we do hereafter?

10- vfXugks=ka fo/k; iBrA vfXugks=k djds i<+ksA

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Carry out studies after performing yajna.

11- iwo± fda iBuh;e~\ ifgys D;k i<+uk pkfg;s\ What shall (=should) we study first?

12- o.kksPZ pkj.kf'k{kke/hèoe~A o.kksZPpkj.kf'k{kk dks i<+ksA Study Phonetics (=the book teaching the pronunciation of letters, etc.)

13- i'pkfRdeè;srO;e~\ ihNs D;k i<+uk pkfg;s\ What should be read thereafter?

14- fdafpRlaLd`rksfÙkQcks/% fØ;rke~A dqN laLd`r cksyus dk Kku fd;k tk;A Acquire some knowledge in spoken Sanskrit.

15- iqu% fdeH;luh;e~\ fiQj fdldk vH;kl djuk pkfg;s\ What should be practised thereafter?

16- ;Fkk;ksX;O;ogkjkuq"Bkuk; iz;rèoe~A ;Fkksfpr O;ogkj djus ds fy, iz;Ru djksA Try to comply with the rules of proper etiquette.

17- dqrks¿uqfprO;ogkjdrqZfoZ|So u tk;rsA D;ksafd myVs O;ogkj djus okys dks fo|k gh ugha gksrhA

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Because one who violates etiquette does not acquire knowledge and learning.

18- dks fo}ku~ HkforqegZfr\ dkSu euq"; fo}ku~ gksus ds ;ksX; gksrk gS\ Who is fit to be a scholar (= scholarly)? OR Who can become scholarly (=a scholor)?

19- ;% lnkpkjh izkK% iq#"kkFkhZ Hkosr~A tks lR;kpj.k'khy] cqf¼eku~] iq#"kkFkhZ gksA One who is virtuous, wise and industrious.

20- dhn`'kknkpk;kZn/hR; if.Mrks Hkforqa 'kDuksfr\ dSls vkpk;Z ls i<+dj if.Mr gks ldrk gS\ Learning from what kind of teacher can one become a scholar?

21- vuwpkur%A iw.kZ fo|koku~ oÙkQk lsA From one who is highly learned and articulate.

22- vFk fdeè;kif;";rs Hkork\ vc vki blds vuUrj gedks D;k i<+kb;sxk\ What will you teach hereafter?

23- v"Vkè;k;hegkHkk";e~A v"Vkè;k;h vkSj egkHkk";A Ashtadhyayee and Mahabhashyam.

24- fdeusu ifBrsu Hkfo";fr\

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blds i<+us ls D;k gksxk\

What will be the benefit of studying this?

25- 'kCnkFkZlEcU/foKkue~A 'kCn vFkZ vkSj lEcU/ksa dk ;FkkFkZcks/A (One acquires) knowledge of words, their meanings and their inter-relationship

26- iqu% Øes.k fda fdeè;srO;e~\ fiQj Øe ls D;k&D;k i<+uk pkfg;sA What is the next in order for studying?

27- f'k{kkdYifu?k.Vqfu#ÙkQNUnksT;ksfr"kkf.k osnkukeÄ~xkfu ehekalkoS'ksf"kdU;k;;ksx&lka[;osnkUrkU;qikÄ~xkU;k;q& /Zuxq kZU/okZFkkZuiq osnkuSrjs;'kriFklkexksiFkczkã.kkU;èkhR; ½X;tqLlkek¿FkoZosnku~ iBrA f'k{kk] dYi] fu?k.Vq] fu#ÙkQ] NUn vkSj T;ksfr"k osnksa ds vaxA ehekalk] oS'ksf"kd U;k;] ;ksx] lka[; vkSj osnkUr mikÄ~x vk;qosZn] /uqosZn] xkU/oZosn] vkSj vFkZosn miosnA ,srjs;] 'kriFk] lke vkSj xksiFk czkã.k xzUFkksa dks i<+ds ½Xosn] ;tqosZn] lkeosn vkSj vFkoZosn dks i<+ksA Having read the Vedangas, i.e., Shiksha, Kalpa, Nighantu, Nirukta, Chhand (prosody), Jyotish (Astronomy) and the Upangas i.e. Meemansa, Vaisheshika, Nyaya, Yoga, Sankhya and Vedanta and Upavedas i.e. Ayurveda,

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Dhanurveda, Gandharvaveda and Arthaveda, and Brahmanas, i.e., Aitraya, Shatpath, Sama and Gopatha, you should read the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Artharvaveda.

28- ,rRlo± fofnRok fda dkÕ;Ze~\ bu lcdks tkudj fiQj D;k djuk pkfg;s\ Having acquired all this knowledge what should be done next?

29- /eZftKklk¿uq"Bkus ,rs"kkesok¿è;kiua pA /eZ ds tkuus dh bPNk rFkk mldk vuq"Bku vkSj bUgha dks lnk i<+kukA Develop an urge for knowing dharma (=righteousness), practising it and then teaching it.

2- ukefuoklLFkkuizdj.ke~ 2. Names and Places of Residence 30- ro fdÂkekfLr\ rsjk D;k uke gS\ What is your name?

31- nsonÙk%A nsonÙkA Devadatta (is my name).

32- dks¿fHktuks ;qo;ksoZÙkZrs\

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rqe nksukssa dk vfHktuns'k dkSu gS\

What is the native place of the two of you?

33- dq#{ks=ke~A dq#{ks=kA (It is) Kurukshetra.

34- ;q"ekda tUens'k% dks fo|rs\ rqEgkjk tUens'k dkSu gS\ What is the country of your birth?

35- i×pkyk%A i×tkcA (It is) the Punjab.

36- HkoUr% dq=kR;k%\ vki dgka ds gks\ Where do you come from? (=Which place do you belong to?)

37- o;a nkf{k.kkR;k% Le%A ge nf{k.kh gSaA We are from the south.

38- r=k dk iwoZ%\ ogka vkids fuokl dh dkSu uxjh gS\ Which is your home town there?

39- eqEckiqjhA eqEcbZA

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(It is) Mumbai.

40- bes Do fuolfUr\ ;s yksx dgka jgrs gSa\ Where do these people live?

41- usikysA usiky esaA (They live) in Nepal.

42- v;a fde/hrs\ ;g D;k i<+rk gS\ What is he studying?

43- O;kdj.ke~A O;kdj.k dksA (He is studying) grammar.

44- Ro;k fde/hre~\ rwus D;k i<+k gS\ What have you studied?

45- U;k;'kkL=ke~A U;k;'kkL=kA Nyayashastram (= Logic).

46- Hkork fda ifBrefLr\ vkius D;k i<+k gS\ What have you studied?

47- iwoeZ hekalk'kkL=ke~A

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iwoeZ hekalk'kkL=kA

(I have studied) the Purva Meemansa Shastram.

48- v;a Hkonh;'Nk=k% fda izppZ;fr\ ;g vkidk fo|kFkhZ D;k i<+rk gS\ What is this student of yours studying?

49- ½Xosne~A ½Xosn dksA (He is studying) the Rigveda

50- Roa dq=k xPNfl\ rw dgka tkrk gS\ Where are you going?

51- ikBk; oztkfeA i<+us ds fy, tkrk gwaA I am going for studying.

52- dLekn/h"ks\ fdlls i<+rk gS\ By whom are you being taught? (= From whom are you learning?)

53- ;KnÙkknè;kidkr~A ;KnÙk vè;kid lsA

By Yajnadatta, the teacher.(= From Yajnadatta, the teacher.)

54- bes dqrks¿H;L;fUr\

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;s fdlls i<+rs gSa\ By whom are these being taught? (= From whom are they learning?)

55- fo".kqfe=kkr~A fo".kqfe=k lsA

By Vishnumitra. (= From Vishnumitra.)

56- rokè;;us fd;Ur% laoRljk O;rhrk%\ rqe dks i<+rs gq, fdrus o"kZ chrs\ How many years have passed since you started studying? (= Since when have you been studying?)

57- i×pA ikapA Five (years have passed).

58- Hkoku~ dfr okf"kZd%\ vki fdrus o"kZ ds gq,\ How old are you?

59- =k;ksn'kokf"kZd%A rsjg o"kZ dkA Thirteen years old.

60- Ro;k iBukjEHk% dnk d`r%\ rwus i<+us dk vkjEHk dc fd;k Fkk\ When did you start studying?

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61- ;nk¿ge"Vokf"kZdks¿Hkwoe~A tc eSa vkB o"kZ dk gqvk FkkA

When I became (= got) eight years old.

62- ro ekrkfirjkS thorks u ok\ rsjs ekrk&firk thfor gSa ;k ugha\ Are your parents alive or not?

63- fo|srAs thfor gSaA They are alive.

64- ro dfr Hkzkrjks HkfxU;'p\ rsjs fdrus HkkbZ vkSj cfgu gSa\ How many brothers and sisters do you have?

65- =k;ks Hkzkrj'pSdk HkfxU;fLrA rhu HkkbZ vkSj ,d cfgu gSA (I have) three brothers and one sister.

66- rs"kq Roa T;s"BLrs] lk ok\ muesa rw T;s"B ok rsjs HkkbZ vFkok cfgu\ Who is the eldest among them: you, they or she?

67- vgesokxztks¿fLeA eSa gh lcls ifgys tUek gwaA It is me who was born first (= is the eldest).

68- ro firjkS fo}kalkS u ok\

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rsjs ekrk&firk fo|k i<+s gSa ok ugha\ Are your parents learned or not?

69- egkfo}kalkS Lr%A cM+s fo}ku~ gSaA They are both great scholars?

70- rfgZ Ro;k fi=kks% ldk'kkRdqrks u fo|k x`ghrk\ rks rwus ekrk&firk ls fo|k xzg.k D;ksa ugha dh\ Then why didn't you receive education from your parents?

71- v"Veo"kZiÕ;ZUra d`rkA vkBosa o"kZ i;ZUr dh FkhA (I did receive education from them) upto the eighth year (of my life).

72- vr Åèo± dqrks u d`rk\ blls vkxs D;ksa u dh\ Why didn't you do so after this?

73- ekr`eku~ fir`ekukpkÕ;Zoku~ iq#"kks osnsfr 'kkL=kfo/s%A ekrk&firk ls vkBosa o"kZ i;ZUr] blds vkxs vkpk;Z ls i<+us dk 'kkL=k esa foèkku gS] bl lsA Because the scripture mandates (=ordains) that after learning from mother and father a man should go to the acharya (=the preceptor) for further learning.

74- vU;Pp] x`gdk;ZckgqY;su fujUrjeè;;ueso u

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tk;rs¿r%A vkSj Hkh] ?kj esa cgqr dke djus ls fujUrj i<+uk ugha gks ldrk blfy, HkhA

Besides, because due to excessive work in the family life continuous studies cannot be (= are not) carried out at all.

75- vr% ija fd;}"kZi;ZUreè;s";ls\ blds vkxs fdrus o"kZ i;ZUr i<+sxk\ For how many years will you study beyond this?

76- i×pf=ka'k}"kkZf.kA iSarhl o"kZ rdA For thirty five years.

3- x`gkJeizdj.ke~ 3. Household Life 77- iquLrs dk fpdh"kkZfLr\ fiQj rq>dks D;k djus dh bPNk gS\ What do you want to do then?

78- x`gkJeL;A x`gkJe dhA (I want) to live a householder's life.

79- fda p Hkks%! iw.kZfo|L; ftrsfUnz;L; ijksidkjdj.kk; laU;klkJexzg.ka 'kkL=kksÙkQefLr] r dfj";fl\

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D;ksa th! ftldks iw.kZ fo|k vkSj tks ftrsfUnz; gS mldks ijksidkj djus ds fy;s laU;klkJe dk xzg.k djuk 'kkL=kksÙkQ gS] bldks u djksxs\ Well! The scriptures say that one who has acquired full knowledge and learning, and one who has control over his sense organs should embrace a hermit's life undertaking to do welfare of others. Won't you do that?

80- fda x`gkJes ijksidkjks u Hkofr\ D;k x`gkJe esa ijksidkj ugha gks ldrk\ Can't one leading a householder's life do good to others?

81- ;kn`'k% laU;klkJfe.kk drq± 'kD;rs u rkn`'kks x`gkJfe.kk¿usddk;SZ% izfrcU/& dRosuk¿L; loZ=k Hkze.kk'kD;Rokr~A tSlk laU;klkJeh ls euq"; dk midkj gks ldrk gS oSlk x`gkJeh ls ugha gks ldrk] D;ksafd vusd dkeksa dh #dkoV ls bldk loZ=k Hkze.k gh ugha gks ldrkA The kind of welfare that can be done by a hermit cannot be done by a householder because he (= the latter) cannot go to every place, due to restrictions created by several preoccupations.

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4- Hkkstuizdj.ke~ 4. Food 82- fuR;% Lokè;k;ks tkrks Hkkstu le; vkxrks] xUrO;e~A fuR; dk i<+uk&i<+kuk gks x;k] Hkkstu le; vk;k] pyuk pkfg;sA The daily self-studies have been carried out.

Time to take food has come. Now you/we/I should go.

83- ro ikd'kkyk;ka izR;ga Hkkstuk; fda fda iP;rs\ rqEgkjh ikd'kkyk esa izfrfnu Hkkstu ds fy;s D;k&D;k idk;k tkrk gS\ What is cooked for meals everyday in your kitchen?

84- 'kkdlwikSnf'oRdkSnujksfVdkn;%A 'kkd] nky] d<+h] Hkkr] jksVh vkfnA Vegetables, pulses, kadhi (=curry), rice, roti, etc.

85- fda o% ik;lkfne/qjs"kq #fpukZfLr\ D;k vki yksxksa dh [khj vkfn ehBs Hkkstu esa #fp ugha gS\ Don't you relish sweet dishes like kheer, etc.?

86- vfLr [kyq] ijURosrkfu dnkfpr~ dnkfpn~ HkofUrA gS lgh] ijUrq ;s Hkkstu dHkh&dHkh gksrs gSaA

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We surely do; but they are cooked only occasionally.

87- dnkfpPN"dqyh&Jh[k.Mkn;ks¿fi HkofUr u ok\ dHkh iwjh&dpkSM+h] Jh[k.M vkfn Hkh gksrs gSa ok ugha\ Do you ever have kachori, shrikhand, etc. also or not?

88- HkofUr ijUrq ;FkÙkZq;ksxe~A gksrs gSa ijUrq tSlk ½rq dk ;ksx gksrk gS oSlk gh Hkkstu cukrs gSaA We do have, but only when in consonance with the season (=weather).

89- lR;eLekdefi Hkkstukfndesoeso fu"i|rsA Bhd gS gekjs Hkh Hkkstu vkfn ,sls gh curs gSaA That is right (=true). We too have the food cooked only likewise.

90- Roa Hkkstua dfj";fl u ok\ rw Hkkstu djsxk ok ugha\ Will you take food or not?

91- v| u djksE;th.kZrkfLrA vkt ugha djrk vth.kZrk gSA Today I won't. I have (developed) constipation.

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92- vf/dHkkstuL;sneso iQye~A vf/d Hkkstu dk ;gh iQy gSA

Very this is the result of overeating.

93- cqf¼erk rq ;koTth;Zrs rkonso HkqT;rsA cqf¼eku~ iq#"k rks ftruk iprk gS mruk gh [kkrk gSA The wise eats only as much as he digests.

94- vfrLoYis HkqDrs 'kjhjcya ßlR;fèkds pkr% loZnk ferkgkjh Hkosr~A cgqr de vkSj vR;f/d Hkkstu djus ls 'kjhj dk cy ?kVrk gS] blls lc fnu ferk¿¿gkjh gksosA Overeating as also undereating results into the weakening of the body. So one should always be moderate in eating (=abstemious).

95- ;ks¿U;Fkk¿¿gkjO;ogkjkS djksfr l dFka u nq%[kh tk;sr\ tks myV&iyV vkgkj vkSj O;ogkj djrk gS og D;ksa u nq%[kh gksos\ Why should he who violates this dictum for eats and drinks, and principles of conduct not suffer (=run into trouble)?

96- ;su 'kjhjkPNªeks u fØ;rs l 'kjhjlq[ka ukIuksfrA tks 'kjhj ls ifjJe ugha djrk og 'kjhj ds lq[k dks izkIr ugha gksrkA One who does not do physical labour does not acquire physical happiness (=comfort).

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97- ;sukReuk iq#"kkFkksZ u fo/h;rs rL;kReuks cyefi u tk;rsA tks vkRek ls iq#"kkFkZ ugha djrk mldk vkRek dk cy Hkh ugha c<+rkA

102- vkxPN Hkks] vklueè;kLo] Hkork eeksifj egrh d`ik d`rkA vki vkb;s] vklu ij cSfB;s] vkius eq> ij cM+h d`ik dhA

One who does not do spiritual labour does not become spiritually strong.

Come on. Take (this) seat. You have been very kind to me.

98- rLekRloSZeZuq";S;ZFkk'kfDr lfRØ;k fuR;a lk/uh;k%A blls lc euq";ksa dks mfpr gS ;Fkk'kfÙkQ mÙke deks± dh lk/uk fuR; djuh pkfg;sA So all men must do their best in doing good deeds every day.

99- Hkks nsonÙk! Rokega fueU=k;sA gs nsonÙk! eSa rqedks Hkkstu ds fy, fuefU=kr djrk gwAa Devadatta! I invite you (to meals).

100- eU;s¿ga dnk [kYokxPNs;e~\ eSa ekurk gwa ijUrq fdl le; vkÅ¡\ I accept the invitation. When shall (=should) I come?

101- 'oks f}rh;izgjeè;s vkxUrkflA dy Ms<+ igj fnu p<+s vkukA Come tomorrow at 10:30 a.m. (=at the time when one and a half prahar are past.)

5- ns'kns'kkUrjizdj.ke~ 5. Home and Abroad 103- Hkokusrku~ tkukrhes egkfo}kal% lfUrA vki budks tkurs gSa ;s cM+s fo}ku~ gSaA Do you know them? They are great scholars.

104- fdÂkeku ,rs dq=kR;k% [kyq\ buds D;k&D;k uke gSa vkSj ;s dgka&dgka ds jgus okys gSa\ What are their names? Where do they come from?

105- v;a ;KnÙk% dk'khfuoklhA ;g ;KnÙk] dk'kh esa fuokl djrk gSA This is Yajnadatta. He lives at Kashi.

106- fo".kqfe=kks¿;a dq#{ks=kokLrO;%A ;g fo".kqfe=k dq#{ks=k esa olrk gSA This is Vishnumitra. He lives at Kurukshetra.

107- lksenÙkks¿;a ekFkqj%A

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;g lksenÙk eFkqjk esa jgrk gSA This is Somadatta. He lives at Mathura.

108- v;a lq'kekZ ioZrh;%A ;g lq'kekZ ioZr esa jgrk gSA This is Susharma. He lives at the hill.

109- vk;ek'oyk;uks nkf{k.kkR;ks¿fLrA ;g vk'oyk;u nf{k.kh gSA This is Ashwalayana. He lives in the south. (=He is a south Indian.)

110- v;a t;nso% ik'pkR;ks orZrsA ;g t;nso if'pe ns'koklh gSA This is Jayadeva. He lives in the west. (= He is a west Indian.)

111- v;a dqekjHkV~Vks ckÄ~xks fo|rsA ;g dqekjHkV~V caxkyh gSA This is Kumarbhatta. He lives in Bengal. (= He belongs to Bengal.)

112- v;a dkfiys;% ikrkys fuolfrA ;g dkfiys; ikrky vFkkZr~ vesfjdk esa jgrk gSA This is Kapileya. He lives in America.

113- v;a fp=kHkkuqgZfjo"kZLFk%A ;g fp=kHkkuq fgeky; ls mÙkj gfjo"kZ vFkkZr~ ;wjksi esa jgrk gSA

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This is Chitrabhanu. He lives in Europe (=Harivarsha).

114- bekS lqdkelqHknzkS phufudk;kSA ;s lqdke vkSj lqHknz phu ds oklh gSaA These two are Sukaama and Subhadra. They live in China.

115- v;a lqfe=kks xU/kjLFkk;hA ;g lqfe=k xU/kj vFkkZr~ dkcqy dkU/kj dk jgus okyk gSA This is Sumitra. He lives in Gandhar (=Kabul Kandhar).

116- v;a lqHkVks yÄ~dkt%A ;g lqHkV yadk esa tUek gSA This is Subhata. He was born in Lanka (=is Lanka-born).

117- bes iap lqohjkfrcylqdeZlq/eZ'kr/Uokuks eRL;k%A lqohj] vfrcy] lqdekZ] lq/ekZ vkSj 'krèkUok ;s ikap ekjokM+ ds jgus okys gSaA These five, viz., Suveer, Atibal, Sukarma, Sudharma and Shatdhanva, live in Marwar.

118- ,rs e;k vkefU=krk% LoLoLFkkuknkxrk%A ;s lc esjs cqykus ij vius&vius ?kj ls vk;s gSaA They were invited by me (and so) have come

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from their respective places.

119- bes f'kod`".kxksikyek/olqpUnziØ z eHkwnos fp=klsuegkjFkk uok=kR;k%A f'ko] d`".k] xksiky] ek/o] lqpUnz] izØe] Hkwnso] fp=klsu vkSj egkjFk ;s uo bl (eè;) ns'k ds jgus okys gSaA These are : Shiva, Krishna, Gopala, Madhawa, Suchandra, Prakrama, Bhudeva, Chitrasen and Maharatha. These nine belong to this (very) place.

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123- izhrks¿fLe ijUrq Hkon~HkkstukFk± fda fda iÙkQO;e~\ vkids fueU=k.k ekuus ls eSa cM+k izl gqvk ijUrq vkids Hkkstu ds fy;s D;k&D;k idk;k tk,\ I am happy. But what should be cooked for you to eat?

124- ;|n~HkksDrqfePNkfLr rÙknkKki;UrqA ftl&ftl inkFkZ ds Hkkstu dh bPNk gks ml&ml dh vkKk dhft;sA Whatever you want to eat, kindly place order to that effect.

120- vgksHkkX;a es¿fLr RoRd`i;Srs"kkefi lekxeks tkr%A esjk cM+k HkkX; gS fd vkidh d`ik ls bu lRiq#"kksa dk Hkh feyki gqvkA

125- Hkoku~ ns'kdkyK% dFkusu fda ;Fkk;ksX;eso iÙkQO;e~A vki ns'kdky dks tkurs gSa dgus ls D;k ;Fkk;ksX; gh idkuk pkfg;sA

I am very fortunate that owing to your grace (=kindness) I have also been able to meet them.

You know what suits the place and the time.

Where is the use for us to order? What is suitable should be cooked.

121- vgefi lHkor% lokZusrkfÂeU=kf;rqfePNkfeA eSa Hkh vkids lesr bu lcdk fueU=k.k djrk pkgrk gwAa I also want to invite all of them alongwith you.

122- vLekfHkHkZofÂeU=k.kewjhd`re~A geus vkidk fueU=k.k Lohdkj fd;kA Your invitation has been accepted by us. (=We have accepted your invitation.)

126- lR;esoeso dfj";kfeA Bhd gS] ,slk gh d:axkA That is true. I'll do accordingly.

127- mfÙk"Br Hkkstule; vkxr% ikd% fl¼ks oÙkZrsA mfB;s] Hkkstu le; vk;k] ikd rS;kj gSA Get up. It is time to dine. (=Time for meals has come.) Food is ready.

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128- Hkks Hk`R;! ik|eè;Zekpeuh;a tya nsfgA gs ukSdj! budks ix gkFk eq[k /ksus ds fy;s ty nsA Servant! Give them water for washing feet, hands and face.

129- bnekuhra x`árke~A ;g yk;k] yhft;sA Here it is (=It stands brought). Take it.

130- Hkks ikpdk%! lokZu~ inkFkkZu~ Øes.k ifjosfo"VA gs ikpd yksxks! lc inkFkks± dks Øe ls ijkslksA Cooks! Serve all the items in order.

131- Hkq×thèoe~A Hkkstu dhft;sA Start eating (= You may eat).

132- HkkstuL; losZ inkFkkZ% Js"Bk tkrk u ok\ Hkkstu ds lc inkFkZ vPNs gq, gSa ok ugha\ Are all eats properly cooked (=eatables in decent condition)?

133- vR;qÙkek% lEiÂk% fda dFkuh;e~A Hkork fdf×pr~ ik;la xzkáa ;L;sPNk¿fLr okA D;k dguk gS] cM+s mÙke gq, gSaA vki FkksM+h lh [khj yhft;s ok ftldh bPNk gksA Vow! They are all properly cooked (=in a good condition). Take a bit of kheer or any other thing that you want.

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134- izHkwra HkqDra r`Irk% Le%A cgqr #fp ls Hkkstu fd;k] r`Ir gks x;s gSaA

We have taken a lot of it. We feel satiated.

135- ráZqfÙk"BrA rks mfB;sA Then, get up.

136- tya nsfgA ty nsA Give (me) water.

137- x`árke~A yhft;sA Take it.

138- rkEcwyknhU;kuh;Urke~A iku chM+s byk;ph vkfn ykvksA Bring betel leaves, etc.

139- bekfu lfUr x`g~.kUrqA ;s gSa] yhft;sA Here they are. Take them.

6- lHkkizdj.ke~ 6. A Meeting 140- bnkuha lHkk;ka dkfpPpPpkZ fo/s;kA vc lHkk esa dqN okrkZyki djuk pkfg;sA

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Now some discussion should be taken up in the meeting.

141- /EeZ% fda y{k.kks¿Lrhfr i`PNkfe\ eSa iwNrk gwa fd /EeZ dk D;k y{k.k gS\ I ask what the characteristics of dharma (=righteousness) are.

142- osnizfrik|ks U;kÕ;% i{kikrjfgrks ;'p ijksidkj& lR;k¿¿pj.ky{k.k%A osnksDr U;k;kuqdy w i{kikrjfgr vkSj tks ijk;k midkj rFkk lR;kpj.k;qÙkQ gS mlh dks /eZ tkuuk pkfg;sA It should be (= has the characteristics of being) in consonance with what has been said in the Vedas, what is based on the principles of justice, what is impartial, what is embedded in the welfare of others, and what is based on truthful conduct.

143- bZ'oj% dks¿Lrhfr czwfg\ bZ'oj fdldks dgrs gSa] vki dfg;s\ Tell us who God is (= whom we call God).

144- ;% lfPpnkuUnLo:i% lR;xq.kdeZLoHkko%A tks lfPpnkuUnLo:i vkSj ftlds xq.k deZ LoHkko lR; gh gSa og bZ'oj gSA He who is ever-existent, is conscious, is in full bliss, and also who is of spotless virtues,

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actions and nature.

145- euq";S% ijLija dFka ofÙkZrO;e~\ euq";ksa dks ,d&nwljs ds lkFk dSls&dSls orZuk pkfg;s\ How should humans behave with one another?

146- /eZlq'khyrkijksidkjS% lg ;Fkk;ksX;e~A /eZ] Js"B LoHkko vkSj ijksidkj ds lkFk ftuls tSlk O;ogkj djuk ;ksX; gks oSlk gh muls orZuk pkfg;sA (Their mutual conduct) should be righteous, good-natured, welfare-oriented and as per the entitlement of each other.

7- vkÕ;kZoÙkZpØofÙkZjktizdj.ke~ 7. The Emperors of Aaryavartta 147- vfLeÂk;kZoÙksZ iqjk ds ds pØofÙkZjktk vHkwou~\ bl vkÕ;kZoÙkZ ns'k esa ifgys dkSu&dkSu pØorhZ jktk gq, gSa\ Which emperors existed in this Aaryavartta territory (=country) during the past (=earlier times)?

148- Lok;EHkqok|k ;qf/f"Bji;ZUrk%A Lok;aHkq ls ysdj ;qf/f"Bj iÕ;ZUrA Right from Swayambhu upto Yudhishthir.

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149- pØofÙkZ'kCnL; d% inkFkZ%\ pØorhZ in dk D;k vFkZ gS\ What is the meaning of the word "chakravarti"?

150- ; ,dfLeu~ Hkwxksys Lodh;kekKka izoÙkZf;rqa leFkkZ%A tks ,d Hkwxksy Hkj esa viuh jktuhfr :i vkKk dks pykus esa leFkZ gksaA Those who are capable of having their writ run in a large territory.

151- rs dhn`'khekKka izkphpju~\ os dSlh vkKk dk izpkj djrs Fks\ What orders would they issue (=circulate)?

152- ;;k /kfeZdk.kka ikyua nq"Vkuka p rkMua Hkosr~A ftlls /feZ;ksa dk ikyu vkSj nq"Vksa dk rkM+u gksosA (That) which would result into the promotion of the righteous and the chastisement of the wicked.

8- jktiztky{k.kjktuhR;uhfrizdj.ke~ 8. The Traits of a Ruler and the Subjects; Politics and Mal-politics

153- jktk dks Hkforqa 'kDuksfr\ jktk dkSu gks ldrk gS\ Who can be a ruler?

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154- ;ks /kfeZdk.kka lHkk;k vf/ifrRos ;ksX;ks Hkosr~A tks /ekZRekvksa dh lHkk dk lHkkifr gksus ;ksX; gksosA One who is capable of being the head of a group of the righteous.

155- ;% iztka ihMf;Rok LokFk± lk/;sr~ l jktk Hkforqegks¿Z fLr u ok\ tks iztk dks nq%[k nsdj viuk iz;kstu lk/s og jktk gks ldrk gS ok ugha\ Does one who grinds his own axe by tormenting his subjects deserve to be a ruler or not?

156- u fg u fg u fg l rq nL;q% [kyqA ugha] ugha] ugha] og rks Mkdw gh gSA No! No! No! Such a one is surely a robber.

157- ;k jktnzksfg.kh lk rq u iztk fdUrq LrsurqY;k eUrO;kA tks jktO;ogkj esa fojks/ djs og iztk rks ugha fdUrq mldks pksj ds leku tkuuk pkfg;sA The subjects who are traitors do not qualify to be the citizenry. Instead, they should be regarded as thieves.

158- dFkaHkwrk tuk% iztk HkforqegkZ%\ dSls euq"; iztk gksus dks ;ksX; gSa\ What kind of people qualify to be the citizenry?

159- ;s /kfeZdk% lrra jktfiz;dkfj.k'pA tks /ekZRek vkSj fujUrj jktk ds fiz;dkjh gksaA

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Those who are righteous and are continually pleasing to the ruler.

160- jktiq#"kSjI;soeso iztkfiz;dkfjfHk% lnk HkforO;e~A jktlEcU/h iq#"kksa dks Hkh ,sls gh iztk ds fiz; djus esa lnk jguk pkfg;sA Those who are in authority too should always likewise be pleasing to the people.

9- 'k=kqo'kdj.kizdj.ke~ 9. How to Subdue the Enemy 161- ,rs 'k=kqfHk% lg dFka oÙksZju~\ ;s yksx 'k=kqvksa ds lkFk dSls oÙks±\ How should these people treat the enemies?

162- jktiztksÙkeiq#"kSjj;% lkenken.MHksnSoZ'kekus;k%A jktk vkSj iztk ds Js"B iq#"kksa dks ;ksX; gS fd vfj;ksa dks (lke) feyki (nke) dqN nsuk] (n.M) mudks n.M] vkSj (Hksn) vkil esa mudks iQksM+ nsuk muls o'k esa djuk pkfg;sA The king and his good people should subdue the enemy by befriending them, or by making gifts to them, or by punishing them, or by dividing them.

163- lnk LojkT;iztklsukdks"k/eZfo|klqf'k{kk o/Zuh;k%A lc fnu viuk jkT;] iztk] lsuk] dks"k] èkEeZ] fo|k

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vkSj Js"B f'k{kk c<+krs jguk pkfg;sA

They should always keep on expanding their territory (=kingdom), subjects, armed forces, exchequer, righteousness, learning and knowledge, and quality education.

164- ;Fkk/ekZfo|knq"Vf'k{kknL;qpksjkn;ks u o/sZjaLrFkk lrreuq"Bs;e~A ftl izdkj ls v/eZ] vfo|k] cqjh f'k{kk] Mkdw vkSj pksj vkfn u c<+sa oSlk fujUrj iq#"kkFkZ djuk pkfg;sA They should continuousuly conduct themselves in such a manner as not to allow unrigtheousness, ill-knowledge, ill-education, docoits, thieves, etc. to grow.

165- /kfeZdS% lg dnkfi u ;ks¼O;e~A /ekZRekvksa ds lkFk dHkh yM+kbZ u djuh pkfg;sA They should never enter into conflict with the righteous.

166- fuftZrk vfi nq"Vk fou;su lRdÙkZO;k%A ijkftr fd;s 'k=kqvksa dk Hkh fou; ds lkFk ekU; djuk pkfg;sA The wicked even after having been defeated should be treated humbly and respectfully.

167- jktiztktuk% izk.kor~ ijLija lEiks"; lqf[kuks HkoUrqA jktk vkSj iztk izk.k ds rqY; ,d nwljs dh iqf"V

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djds lnk lq[kh jgsaA The ruler and the people should remain happy by promoting each other as the other's lifebreath.

168- df"kZrs {k;jksxonqHks fou';r%A ,d nwljs dks fucZy djus ls nek jksx ds leku nksuksa fucZy gksdj u"V gks tkrs gSaA By weakening each other both get destroyed as if by tuberculosis.

169- lnk czãp;ZfoKkukH;ka 'kjhjkRecyes/uh;e~A lc dky esa czãp;Z vkSj fo|k ls 'kjhj vkSj vkRek dk cy c<+krs jguk pkfg;sA They should always enhance their physical and spiritual strength by observing celebacy, and through knowledge.

170- ;Fkkns'kdkya iq#"kkFksZu ;Fkkor~ dekZf.k d`Rok loZFkk lq[kf;rO;e~A ns'k dky ds vuqlkj m|e ls Bhd Bhd deZ djds lc izdkj lq[kh jguk pkfg;sA They should remain happy every way by doing their due duties diligently as per needs of the time and place.

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10- oS';O;ogkjizdj.ke~ 10. The Conduct of the Businessmen 171- oS';k% dFka oÙkZsju~\ cfu;s yksx dSls oÙkZs\ How should the businessmen conduct themselves?

172- lokZ ns'kHkk"kk ys[kkO;ogkja p foKk; i'kqikyu& Ø;foØ;kfn O;kikj&dqlhno`f¼d`f"kdekZf.k /es.Z k dq;%Zq A lc ns'kHkk"kk vkSj fglkc dks Bhd&Bhd tkudj i'kqvksa dh j{kk ysunsu vkfn O;ogkj C;kto`f¼ vkSj [ksrh vkfn deZ /eZ ds lkFk fd;k djsaA Having learnt all the languages of the country, and accountancy, they should righteously carry out their work pertaining to animal husbandry, sale-purchase, money-lending on interest, and agricultural activities.

11- dqlhnxzg.kizdj.ke~ 11. Money-lending on Interest 173- ;|sdokja n|kn~ x`Þ.kh;kPp rfgZ dqlhno`n~è;k }Sxq.;s /eksZ¿f/ds¿èkeZ bfr osfnrO;e~A tks ,d ckj nsa ysa rks O;kto`f¼ lfgr ewy/u f}xq.k rd ysus esa /eZ vkSj vfèkd ysus esa v/eZ gksrk gS] ,slk tkuuk pkfg;sA

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It must be noted (=known) that it is righteous if one receives back upto double of the money lended on its being increased with interest, and unrighteous if more than the double amount is received back.

174- izfrekla izfro"k± ok ;fn dqlhna x`Þ.kh;k|nk lewya f}xq.ka èkuekxPNsÙknk ewyefi R;kT;e~A tks eghus&eghus esa vFkok o"kZ&o"kZ esa O;kt ysrk tk; rks Hkh tc ewylfgr nwuk /u vktk; fiQj vkxs vklkeh ls dqN Hkh u ysuk pkfg;sA If interest received monthly or yearly becomes double of the amount lended, even the principal amount should be written off.

12- ukSdkfoekukfnpkyuizdj.ke~ 12. Piloting Boats, Aricraft, etc.

175- Roa ukSdk'pky;fl u ok\ rw ukosa pykrk gS ok ugha\ Do you row boats or not?

176- pky;kfeA pykrk gwaA Yes, I do.

177- unh"kq ok leqnzs\ ufn;ksa esa vFkok leqnz esa\

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(Do you row boats) in the rivers or the sea?

178- mHk;=k pky;kfeA nksuksa esa pykrk gwaA I row in both.

179- dL;ka fnf'k dfLeUns'ks p xPNfUr\ fdl fn'kk vkSj fdl ns'k esa tkrh gaS\ In which direction and to which country do they sail?

180- lokZlq fn{kq ikrkyns'kiÕ;ZUre~A loZ fn'kkvksa esa ikrkyns'k vFkkZr~ vesfjdk ns'k iÕ;ZUrA (They sail) in all directions upto America.

181- rk% dhn`';% lfUr dsu pyfUr\ os ukSdk dSlh gSa vkSj fdlls pyrh gSa\ Of what kind are they and on what do they operate?

182- dSoÙkZokÕofXutydykok"ikfnfHk%A eYykg] ok;q vkSj vfXu ty dyk;U=k vkSj HkkiQ vkfn lsA (They are operated) by sailors, on wind power, on power generated by fire, water, steam, etc.

183- ;k% iq#"kk'pky;fUr rk ßLok% ;k egR;Lrk okÕokfn& fHk'pkY;Urs rk'pk'orjh';ked.kkZ'ok[;k% lfUrA

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ftudks euq"; pykrs gSa os NksVh&NksVh ukSdk vkSj tks cM+h gksrh gSa os ok;q vkfnls pykbZ tkrh gSa muds v'orjh vkSj ';ked.kkZ'o vkfn uke gSaA The ones which men sail are small and the ones which are large are propelled by wind, etc., and their names are Ashwatari and Shyam karnashwa.

184- foekukfnfHkjfi loZ=k xPNke'pA vkSj foeku vkfn ls Hkh loZ=k vk;k tk;k djrs gSaA And we go all around (= everywhere) by aircraft, etc. also.

13- Ø;foØ;izdj.ke~ 13. Sale and Purchase 185- vL; fdEewY;e~\ bldk D;k ewY; gS\ What is its price?

186- i×p :I;kf.kA ikap #i;sA Five rupees (=Rupees five).

187- x`gk.ksna oL=ka nsfgA yhft;s ikap #i;s] ;g oL=k nhft;sA Take it. Give me (this) cloth.

188- v|'oks ?k`rL; dks¿?kZ%\

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vktdy ?kh dk D;k Hkko gS\

What is the price of ghee these days?

189- eqnzSd;k liknizLFka foØh.krs\ ,d #i;k ls loklsj csprs gSaA It sells at one seer and a quarter per one rupee.

190- xqML; dks Hkko%\ xqM+ dk D;k Hkko gS\ What is the price of jaggery (=gud)?

191- }kH;kekukH;kesdlsVdek=ka nnfrA nks vkus ls ,d lsj nsrs gSaA They give one seer for two annas.

192- Roeki.ka xPN] ,ykeku;A rw nqdku ij tk] byk;ph ys vkA Go to the shop. Bring cardamom.

193- vkuhrk] x`gk.kA ys vk;k yhft;sA It has been brought. Take it.

194- dL; gêðs nf/nqX/s vPNs izkIuqr%\ fdldh nqdku ij nw/ vkSj ngh vPNs feyrs gSa\ At whose shop are good curd and milk available?

195- /uikyL;A /uiky dhA

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At Dhanpal's.

196- l lR;suSo Ø;foØ;kS djksfrA og lR; gh ls ysunsu djrk gSA He is honest in carrying out sale and purchase.

197- JhifroZf.kDdhn`'kks¿fLr\ Jhifr cfu;ka dSlk gS\ What type (of man) is Shripati, the businessman?

198- l feF;kdkjhA og >wBk gSA He is fraudulent (=a liar).

199- vfLeUlaoRljs fd;kaYykHkks O;;'p tkr%\ bl o"kZ esa fdruk ykHk vkSj [kpZ gqvk\ How much has been the profit and the expenditure this year?

200- iap y{kkf.k ykHkks y{k};L; O;;'pA ikap yk[k #i;s ykHk vkSj nks yk[k [kpZ gq,A It has been a profit of five lakh and an expenditure of two lakh rupees.

201- ee [kYofLeu~ o"ksZ y{k=k;L; gkfutkZrkA esjs rks bl o"kZ esa rhu yk[k dh gkfu gks xbZA To me there has been a loss of three lakh this year.

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202- dLrwjh dLeknkuh;rs\ dLrwjh dgka ls ykbZ tkrh gS\

Wherefrom is brought musk (=kasturi)?

203- usikykr~A usiky lsA From Nepal.

204- cgqewY;ekfoda dqr vku;fUr\ cgqewY; nq'kkys vkfn dgka ls ykrs gSa\ Wherefrom do they bring costly shawls?

205- d'ehjkr~A d'ehj lsA From Kashmir.

14- xeukxeuizdj.ke~ 14. Movement to and fro 206- dq=k xPNfl\ dgka tkrk gS\ Where are you going?

207- ikVfyiq=kde~A iVus dksA To Patna.

208- dnk¿¿xfe";fl\ dc vkvksxs\

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When will you return (=come)?

209- ,deklsA ,d eghus esaA In a month.

210- l Do xr%\ og dgka x;k\ Where has he gone?

211- 'kkdekusreq ~A 'kkd ysus dksA To bring vegetables.

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bl [ksr esa D;k cks;k gS\

What have you sown in this field?

216- ozhg;%A /kuA Paddy (=Rice)

217- ,rfLeu~\ bl esa\ (And) in this one?

218- xks/ew k%A xsgAaw Wheat.

15- {ks=koiuizdj.ke~ 15. Sowing the Fields 212- {ks=kkf.k d"kZUrqA [ksr tksrksA Cultivate the fields.

213- chtkU;qIrkfu u ok\ cht cks;s ok ugha\ Have you sown the seeds or not?

214- mIrkfuA cks fn;sA Sown.

215- vfLeu~ {ks=ks fdeqIre~\

219- vfLeu~ fda oifUr\ bl [ksr esa D;k cksrs gSa\ What do they sow in this field?

220- fryeqn~xek"kk<+dh%A fry] eawx] mM+n vkSj vjgjA (They sow in this field) sesame, green gram, black gram and red gram.

221- ,rfLeu~ fdeqI;rs\ blesa D;k cks;k tkrk gS\ What is sown in this one?

222- ;ok%A tkSA Barley.

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16- 'kL;PNsnuizdj.ke~ 16. Reaping Harvest 223- laizfr dsnkjk% iDok%A bl le; [ksr id x;s gSaA The fields have now ripened.

224- ;fn iDok% L;qLrfgZ yquUrqA ;fn id x;s gksa rks dkVksA If they have ripened then harvest them.

225- bnkuha d`"khoyk vU;ks¿U;dsnkjku~ O;fryqufUrA bl le; [ksrh djus okys vkil esa ,d nwljs dk ikjkikjh [ksr dkVrs gSaA Now the farmers are reaping the fields of one another by turns.

226- ,s"kes /kU;kfu izHkwrkfu tkrkfuA bl lky esa /kU; cgqr gq, gSaA This year the food grains have grown in abundance.

227- vr ,oSdL;k eqnzk;k xks/wek% [kkjhizferk vU;kfu r.MqyknhU;fi fdf×pnfèkdU;wukfu yHkUrsA blh ls ,d #i;s ds xsgwa ,d eu vkSj pkoy vkfn v Hkh eu ls dqN vfèkd ok U;wu feyrs gSaA It is for this reason only that one mound of wheat, and more or less than one mound of

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rice, etc. are available for one rupee.

17- xokfnnksguifjek.kizdj.ke~ 17. Milking Cows, and their Yield 228- b;a xkSnqZX/a nnkfr u ok\ ;g xkS nw/ nsrh gS ok ugha\ Does this cow yield milk or not?

229- nnkfrA nsrh gSA It does.

230- b;a efg"kh fd;n~nqX/a nnkfr\ ;g HkSal fdruk nw/ nsrh gS\ How much milk does this buffalo yield?

231- n'kizLFke~A n'k lsjA Ten seers.

232- rok¿tko;% lfUr u ok\ rqEgkjs ikl HksM+&cdjh;k rsjs cdjh;k¡ gSa ;k ugha\ Do you have goats and sheep, or not?

233- lfUrA gSAa I have.

234- izfrfnua rs fd;n~nqX/a tk;rs\

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fuR; rsjs fdruk nw/ gksrk gS\ How much of milk do you procure (=get) every day.

235- i×p [kk;Z%A ikap euA Five mounds.

236- fuR;a fdaifjek.ks ?k`ruouhrs Hkor%\ izfrfnu fdruk ?kh vkSj eD[ku gksrk gS\ How much of ghee and butter do you get daily?

237- lk¼Z}kn'kizLFksA lk<s ckjg lsjA Twelve and a half seers.

238- izR;ga fd;n~ HkqT;rs fd;Pp foØh;rs\ izfrfnu fdruk [kk;k tkrk gS vkSj fdruk fcdrk gS\ How much (of it) is consumed and how much (is) sold daily?

239- lk/Zf}izLFka HkqT;rs n'kizLFka p foØh;rs\ v<+kbZ lsj [kk;k tkrk vkSj n'k lsj fcdrk gSA Two and a half seer (of it) is consumed and ten seer (is) sold.

18- Ø;foØ;k?kZizdj.ke~ 18. Rate of Sale and Purchase 240- ,rn~#I;Sdsu fd;u~feyfr\

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;s ?kh vkSj eD[ku ,d #i;k ls fdruk feyrk gS\ How much of it do we get per rupee?

241- izLFk=k;e~A rhu lsjA Three seers.

242- rSyL; fd;PNqYde~\ rSy dk D;k Hkko gS\ What is the rate of oil?

243- eqnzkprqZFkka'ksuSdlsVda izkI;rsA pkj vkus dk ,d lsj izkIr gksrk gSA One gets one seer for one fourth of a rupee (=four annas).

244- vfLeÂxjs dfr gêðkLlfUr\ bl uxj esa fdruh nqdkusa gSa\ How many shops are there in this city?

245- i×plgÏkf.kA ikap gt+kjA Five thousand.

19- dqlhnizdj.ke~ 19. Charging of Interest 246- 'kra eqnzk nsfgA lkS #i;s nhft;sA

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Give me rupees one hundred.

247- nnkfe ijUrq fd;r~ dqlhna nkL;fl\ nsrk gwa] ijUrq fdruk C;kt nsxk\ I give it to you pay?

248- izfrekla eqnzk¼Ze~A izfr eghus vkB vkusA Half a rupee per month.

20- mÙke.kkZ/e.kZizdj.ke~ 20. The Creditor and the Debtor 249- Hkks v/e.kZ! ;ko¼ua Ro;k iwo± x`ghra rfnnkuha nh;rke~A gs djtnkj! tks /u rqe us ifgys fy;k Fkk og vc nsA Hey Loanee! Now return the money that you had taken earlier.

250- ee lkEizra rq nkrqa lkeF;± ukfLrA esjk bl le; rks nsus dk lkeF;Z ugha gSA I don't have the capacity to repay (=give) it now.

251- dnk nkL;fl\ dc nsxk\ When will you return (=give) it?

252- ekl};k¿uUrje~A

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nks eghus ds i'pkr~A

Two months hence.(=After two months.)

253- ;|srkofr le;s u nkL;fl psÙkfgZ jktfu;ekfÂxzgh";kfeA tks rw brus le; esa u nsxk rks jktizcU/d ls idM+k ds ywaxkA If you don't return it within this period I'll get it back through (enforcing) government laws.

254- ;|soa dqÕ;k± rfgZ rFkSo xzghrO;e~A tks ,slk d:a rks oSls gh ysukA If I do so take it that very way.

21- jktiztklEcU/izdj.ke~ 21. The Relationship between the Ruler and the People 255- Hkks jktu~! eek;e`.ka u nnkfrA gs jktu~! esjk ;g ½.k ugha nsrkA My Lord! This one is not returning the loan amount (given by me).

256- ;nk rsu x`ghra rnkuhUru% df'pr~ lk{kh oÙkZrs u ok\ tc mlus fy;k Fkk ml le; dk dksbZ lk{kh oÙkZeku gS ok ugha\ Is there any or no witness who was present

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(there) at the time he took the loan.

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fully).

263- lR;a onkfeA lR; dgrk gw¡A

257- vfLrA gSA (Yes), there is one.

258- rákZuh;rke~A rks ykvksA Then, bring him.

259- vkuhrks¿;efLrA yk;k] ;g gSA He has been brought. Here he is.

I speak the truth.

264- vLeknusu eRle{ks lgÏa eqnzk% x`ghrk%A blls blus esjs lkeus lgÏ #i;s fy;s FksA He took one thousand rupees from him in my presence (=before me).

265- Hkks Hk`R;! ra 'kh?kzeku;A vkS ukSdj! mldks tYnh ys vkA Servant! Bring him at once.

22- lkf{kizdj.ke~ 22. The Witness 260- Hkks% lkf{ku~! Roe=k fdf×pTtkukfl u ok\ gs lk{kh! rw bl fo"k; esa dqN tkurk gS ok ugha\ Witness! Do you know anything about this case or not?

261- tkukfeA tkurk gwaA I do.(=I know.)

262- ;kn`'ka tkukfl rkn`'ka lR;a onA tSlk tkurk gS oSlk lp dgA Whatever you know speak it out as it is (=truth-

266- vku;kfeA ykrk gwaA I am going to bring him.

267- xPN jktlHkk;ka jkKk Roekgwrks¿flA py jktlHkk esa jktk us rq>dks cqyk;k gSA Come on! You have been called by the king (to present yourself) to the Administrative Coucil.

268- pykfeA pyrk gwaA I accompany you. (=I am going.)

269- Hkks jktÂqifLFkrLl%A gs jktu~! og vk;k gSA

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Your Highness! He has come (= He is present).

270- Ro;k¿L; ½.ka fdeFk± u nh;rs\ rw bldk ½.k D;ksa ugha nsrk\ Why are you not repaying his loan?

271- vfLeu~ le;s rq ee lkeF;± ukfLr "k.eklkuUrja nkL;kfeA bl le; rks esjk lkeF;Z ugha gS ijUrq N% eghus ds ihNs nwaxkA Now I am not in a position (=not capacitated) (to return it). I'll return it after six months.

272- iqufoZyEca rq u dfj";fl\ fiQj nsj rks u djsxk\ You won't delay it further, will you?

273- egkjkt! dnkfi u dfj";kfeA egkjkt! dHkh u d:axkA My Lord! Not at all shall I delay it.

274- vPN xPN /uiky! ;fn lIres ekL;;a u nkL;fr rásZua fux`á nkif;";kfeA vPNk tkvks /uiky! tks ;g lkrosa eghus esa u nsxk rks bldks idM+ ds fnyk nwaxkA Well! Careditor! (You may) go but if he does not return in the seventh month it then I shall get it returned to you after arresting him.

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275- v;a ee 'kra eqnzk x`ghRok¿/quk u nnkfrA ;g esjs lkS #i;s ysds vc ugha nsrkA

Having taken one hundred rupees from me he is not returning (it) now.

276- fda p Hkks ;n;a onfr rr~ lR;a u ok\ D;ksath tks ;g dgrk gS og lp gS ok ugha\ Attention, please! Is what he says true or not?

277- feF;Sok¿fLrA >wB gh gSA It is all untrue (=a lie)

278- vga rq tkukE;fi uk¿L; eqnzk e;k dnk Lohd`rk%A eSa rks tkurk Hkh ugha fd blds #i;s eSaus dc fy;s FksA I don't even know when I received (=accepted) money from him.

279- mHk;ksLlkf{k.k% lfUr u ok\ nksuksa ds lk{kh yksx gSa ok ugha gSa\ Are there witnesses on both the sides, or not?

280- lfUrA gSAa (Yes) there are.

281- dq=k oÙkZUrs\ dgka gSa\

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Where are they?

282- be mifr"BUrsA ;s [kM+s gSaA Here they are standing.

283- vusu ;q"ekda le{ks 'kra eqnzk nÙkk u ok\ blus rqEgkjs lkeus lkS #i;s fn;s ok ugha\ Did he give or not one hundred rupees in your presence (=before you)?

284- nÙkkLrq [kyqA fuf'pr fn;s rks gSaA Surely, he did. (=He did, for sure.)

285- vusu 'kra eqnzk x`ghrk u ok\ blus lkS #i;s fy;s ok ugha\ Did he receive or not one hundred rupees?

286- o;a u tkuhe%A ge ugha tkursA We don't know.

287- izkM~fookdsuksÙkQe~A odhy us dgkA The advocate had asked me (to say so).

288- v;eL; lkf{k.k'p losZ feF;kokfnu% lfUrA ;g vkSj blds lk{kh yksx lc >wB cksyus okys gSaA This man and his witnesses are all liars.

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289- dqr bnesrs"kka ijLija fo#¼a opks¿fLrA D;ksafd ;g bu yksxksa dk opu ijLij fo#¼ gSA

Because this statement of theirs is self-contradictory.

290- ;rLRo;k feF;kyfirer ,o roSdlaoRlji;ZUra dkjkx`gs cU/% fØ;rsA ftlls rwus >wB cksyk blh dkj.k rsjk ,d o"kZ rd cUnh?kj esa cU/u fd;k tkrk gSA Since you have told a lie, so for a year you are being confined to (=put into) the prison.

291- v;eqÙke.kZLRonh;ku~ inkFkkZu~ x`ghRok foØh; ok Lo.k± xzgh";frA ;g lsB rsjs inkFkks± dks ysdj vFkok csp ds vius ½.k dks ys ysxkA This creditor will take back his loan amount by getting hold of your belongings, or by selling them.

292- v;a enh;kfu i×p'krkfu :I;kf.k Lohd`R; u nnkfrA ;g esjs ikap lkS #i;s ysdj ugha nsrkA Having taken five hundred rupees from me this is not returning the amount (=it).

293- dqrks u nnkfr\ rw D;ksa ugha nsrk\ Why aren't you returning the amount (=it)?

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294- e;k uSo x`ghrkfu dFka n|ke~\ eSaus fy;s gh ugha] dSls nwa\ I didn't take (any money). Why shall I return (=give) it?

295- v;Eee ys[kks¿fLr] i';rke~A ;g esjk ys[k gS] nsf[k;sA This is my handwriting. Have a look at it (=Have a dekko at it).

296- vku;A ykvksA Present it (=Bring it).

297- x`árke~A yhft;sA Take it.

298- v;a ys[kks feF;k izfrHkkfrA ;g ys[k >wBk ekywe iM+rk gSA This writing appears to be fake.

299- rLekr~ Roa "k.eklku~ dkjkx`gs ol roses lkf{k.k'p }kS }kS eklkS r=kSo ols;q%A blls rw N% eghus cUnhx`g esa jg vkSj rsjs ;s lk{kh nks&nks eghus ds fy;s ogha tk;saA So you stay in the prison for six months. These witnesses of yours will stay right there for two months each.

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23- lsO;lsodizdj.ke~ 23. The Master and the Servant 300- Hkks eaxynkl! lsokFk± dSÄ~d;± dfj";fl\ gs eaxynkl! lsok ds fy;s ukSdjh djsxk\ Mangal Dass! Will you undertake a job to work as a servant?

301- dfj";kfeA d:axkA (Yes) I will.

302- fda izfrekla ekflda xzfgrqfePNfl\ izfr eghus fdruk osru ysuk pkgrk gS\ How much (of salary) do you want to take per month?

303- i×p :I;kf.kA ikap #i;sA Five rupees.

304- e;SrkoíkL;rs ps|Fkk;ksX;k ifjp;kZ fo/s;kA eSa bruk nwaxk tks rq> ls Bhd&Bhd lsok gks ldsxhA I shall give you as much. You should, then, do me such service as it ought to be.

305- ;nkga HkoUra lsfo";s rnk Hkokufi izl ,o Hkfo";frA tc eSa vkidh lsok d:axk rc vki Hkh izlUu gh gksxa As

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When I serve you, you will also feel only (=fully) pleased.

306- ektZua dq#A >kM+w nsA Carry out sweeping.

307- nUr/koueku;A nkrwu ys vkA Bring a tooth-brush (=tooth cleaning twig).

308- LukukFk± tyeku;A ugkus ds fy, ty ykA Bring water for bath.

309- mioL=ka nsfgA vaxksNk nsA Hand (=give) me a towel.

310- vklua LFkki;A vklu j[kA Lay the seat (=sitting cloth).

311- ikda dq#A jlksbZ djA Cook the food.

312- gs lwn! Ro;k¿Âa O;×tua p lq"Bq lEiknuh;e~A gs jlksb;s! rw v vkSj 'kkd vkfn mÙke cukA Cook! you should cook the cereals and the vegetable dishes properly.

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313- v| fda fda dq;kZe~\ vkt D;k&D;k d:a\

What (else) shall I do today?

314- ik;leksndkSnulwijksfVdk'kkdkU;qiO;×tuknhfu pkfiA [khj] yM~Mw] pkoy] nky] jksVh] 'kkd vkSj pVuh vkfn HkhA (Prepare) kheer, laddoos, rice, rotis, vegetable dishes and also sauce.

24- fefJrizdj.ke~ 24. Miscellaneous 315- fuR;izfr fda osrua nkL;fl\ fuR;izfr D;k ukSdjh nksxs\ How much of wage (=salary) will you give per day?

316- izR;ga }kn'k i.kk%A izfrfnu ckjg iSlsA Twelve paisas per day.

317- oL=kkf.k 'y{.ks iêðs iz{kkyuh;kfuA diM+s fpdus lkiQ iRFkj dh ifV;k ij /ksus pkfg;saA Clothes should be washed on a smooth and clean slab (of stone).

318- xk ous pkj;A

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xk;sa ou esa pjkA Graze the cows in the jungle.

319- iq"iokfVdk;ka xUrO;efLrA iwQyksa dh cxhph esa tkuk gSA We are to go to the flower garden.

320- vkeziQykfu iDokfu u ok\ vke ids ok ugha\ Have the mangoes ripened or not?

321- iDokfu lfUrA ids gSaA They are ripe

322- mikugkoku;A twrs ykvksA Bring (a pair of) shoes.

25- xeukxeuizdj.ke~ 25. Movement to and fro 323- v;a jDrks".kh"k% Do xPNfr\ ;g yky ixM+hokyk dgka tkrk gS\ Where is this one with a red truban going?

324- Lox`ge~A vius ?kj dksA To his house.

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325- vL; dnk tUek¿Hkwr~\ bldk tUe dc gqvk Fkk\

When was he born? (=When did his birth take place?)

326- i×p laoRljk vrhrk%A ikap o"kZ chrsA Five years ago. (=Five years have passed.)

327- ijs|qxzkZeks xUrO;%A dy xkao tkuk pkfg;sA You should go to the village tomorrow.

328- xfe";kfeA tkmQaxkA I shall go.

329- Hkoku~ ijs|q% Do xUrk\ vki dy dgka tkvksxs\ Where will you go tomorrow?

330- v;ksè;ke~A v;ksè;k dksA To Ayodhya.

331- r=k fda dk;ZefLrA ogka D;k dke gS\ What takes you there (=What work is to be done there)?

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332- fe=kS% lg esyua dÙkZO;efLrA fe=kksa ds lkFk feyuk gSA I am to meet friends (=A meeting with friends is to be held).

333- dnkxrks¿fl\ dc vk;k gS\ When have you come?

334- bnkuhesok¿¿xPNkfeA vHkh vkrk gwaA I have come just now. (=I am coming right now.)

26- jksxizdj.ke~ 26. Ailments 335- vL; dhn`'kks jksxks oÙkZrs\ bldks fdl izdkj dk jksx gS\ What ails him? (=What kind of disease is his?)

336- th.kZTojks¿fLrA th.kZToj gSA (It is) chronic fever.

337- vkS"k/a nsfgA vkS"k/ nsA Give him medicine.

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338- nnkfeA nsrk gwaA

I am going to give (it to him)

339- ijUrq iF;a lnk dÙkZO;e~A u fg iF;su fouk jksxks fuoÙkZrAs ijUrq iF; lnk djuk pkfg;sA iF; ds fouk jksx fuo`Ùk ugha gksrkA But one must always put oneself on regimen.

Without following regimen one does not get cured (=Disease does not disappear in the absence of regimen.)

340- v;a dqiF;dkfjRokr~ lnk #X.kks oÙkZrsA ;g dqiF;dkjh gksus ls lnk jksxh jgrk gSA He always suffers form ill-health due to his violating the rules of dietry (=regimen).

341- vL; fiÙkdksiks oÙkZrsA bldks fiÙk dk dksi gSA He is suffering from billious disorder.

342- ee diQks o/Zr vkS"k/a nsfgA esjs dks diQ c<+rk tkrk gS vkS"k/ nhft,A I am getting phlegmatic. Give me medicine.

343- funkua d`Rok nkL;kfeA jksx dh ijh{kk djds nwaxkA I'll give (medicine) after examining the patient.

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344- vL; egku~ dkl'oklks¿fLrA bldks cM+k dkl'okl vFkkZr~ nek gSA He is seriously suffering from asthma.

345- ee 'kjhjs rq okrO;kf/oZÙkZrsA esjs 'kjhj esa rks okrO;kf/ gSA

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who may give me medicine after examing me properly.

350- r`"kk¿fLr psTtya ficA I;kl gks rks ty ihA If you are thirsty, take water.

I am suffring from wind trouble (=melancholia).

346- laxzg.kh fuo`Ùkk u ok\ laxzg.kh NwVh ok ugha\ Has the bowel syndrome (=sprue) disappeared or not?

347- v|i;ZUra rq u fuo`ÙkkA vkt rd rks ugha NwVhA It hasn't disappeared till today.

348- vkS"k/a lalsO; iF;a djksf"k u ok\ vkS"kf/ dk lsou djds iF; djrs gks ok ugha\ Do you follow regimen after taking medicine, or not?

349- fØ;rs ijUrq lqoS|ks u feyfr df'p|% lE;d~ ijh{;kS"k/a n|kr~A djrk rks gwa ijUrq vPNk oS| dksbZ ugha feyrk fd tks vPNs izdkj ijh{kk djds vkS"k/ nsosA I do. But I am not getting any good physician

27- fefJrizdj.ke~ 27. Miscellaneous 351- bnkuha 'khra fuo`R;ks".kle; vkxr%A vc rks 'khr dh fuo`fÙk gksdj xjeh dk le; vk x;kA Now winter season is (=having been) over, summer season has set in (=come).

352- gseUrs Do fLFkr%\ tkM+s esa dgka jgk Fkk\ Where did you stay during winter?

353- cax"s kqA caxky esaA In Bengal.

354- i';! es?kksÂfra dFka xtZfr fo|ksrrs pA ns[kks! es?k dh c<+rh] dSlk xtZrk vkSj pedrk gSA Look! The cloud is expanding. How it produces thunder and lightning!

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355- v| egrh o`f"VtkZrk ;;k rMkxk u|'p iwfjrk%A vkt cM+h o"kkZ gqbZ ftlls rkykc vkSj ufn;k¡ Hkj xb±A Today it has rained heavily which has resulted into the brimming of the pools and the rivers.

356- Ük`.kq] e;wjk% lq'kCn;fUrA lquks] eksj vPNk 'kCn djrs gSaA Listen! Peacocks are producing sweet sounds.

357- dLekr~ LFkkuknkxr%\ fdl LFkku ls vk;k\ Wherefrom have you come?

358- tÄ~xykr~A taxy lsA From the forest.

359- r=k Ro;k dnkfi flagks n`"Vks u ok\ ogka rwus dHkh flag ns[kk Fkk ok ugha\ Did you ever see or not a lion there?

360- cgqokja n`"V%A dbZ ckj ns[kkA I saw one many a time (=many times)

361- unh iw.kkZ oÙkZrs] dFkekxr%\ unh Hkjh gS] dSls vk;k\ The river is full (to the brim).How did you

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come?

362- ukSd;kA uko lsA By boat.

363- vkjksgr gfLrua] xPNseA p<+ks gkFkh ij] tk;saA Ride the elephant (and) let us go. (=we should go).

364- vga rq jFksukxPNkfeA eSa rks jFk ls vkrk gw¡A I (shall) come in a chariot.

365- vge'oksifj fLFkRok xPNs;a f'kfodk;ka ok\ eSa ?kksM+s ij p<+ ds tkš vFkok ikydh ij\ Shall I go riding a horse or in a palanquin?

366- i';! 'kkjna uHk%] dFka fueZya oÙkZrsA ns[kks! 'kjn~ ½rq dk vkdk'k] dSlk fueZy gSA Look! How clear the sky is during the pre-winter season!

367- pUnz mfnrks u ok\ pUnzek mxk ok ugha\ Has the moon risen or not?

368- bnkuhUrq uksfnr% [kyqA bl le; rks ugha mxk gSA

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It hasn't risen so far (=by now).

369- dhn`';Lrkjdk% izdk'kUrs\ fdl izdkj rkjs izdk'keku gks jgs gSaA What kind of stars glow and gleam?

370- lw;ksnZ ;kPpyÂkxPNkfeA lw;ksZn; ls pyrk gqvk vkrk gw¡A I have come walking down since sun-rise.

371- Dokfi Hkkstua d`r ok\ dgha Hkkstu fd;k ok ugha\ Have you taken food anywhere or not?

372- d`rEeè;kÞukr~ izkd~A fd;k Fkk] nksigj ls ifgysA I took (= I have taken) in the forenoon.

373- v/quk¿=k dÙkZO;e~A vc ;gka dhft;sA Now take it (=food) here.

374- dfj";kfeA d:axkA I shall (take).

28- fookgL=khiq#"kkykiizdj.ke~ 28. Marriage, Conversation between Wife and Husband 375- Ro;k dhn`'kks fookg% d`r%\

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rwus fdl izdkj dk fookg fd;k Fkk\

What kind of marriage have you solemnised?

376- Lo;aoj%A Lo;aojA Of self-choice kind.

377- L=;uqdwykfLr u ok\ L=kh vuqdwy gS ok ugha\ Does your wife suit you or not?

378- loZFkk¿uqdwykfLrA lc izdkj ls vuqdwy gSA She suits me every way.

379- dR;iR;kfu tkrkfu lfUr\ fdrus yM+ds (¾lUrku) gq, gSa\ How many children have been born?

380- pRokj% iq=kk% }s dU;s pA pkj iq=k vkSj nks dU;kA Four sons and two daughters.

381- LokfeÂeLrsA Lokeh th! ueLrs (vFkkZr~ vkidk lRdkj djrh gw¡A) My lord! Namaste (=I bow to you).

382- ueLrs fiz;sA ueLrs fiz;kA Namaste, darling!

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383- dkafpRlsokeuqKki;A fdlh lsok dh vkKk nhft;sA

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cxhpkssa esaA

To the gardens.

Please tell me what I can do for you.

384- loZFkSo lsols iqujkKkiuL; dko';drk¿fLrA lc izdkj dh lsok djrh gh gks] fiQj vkKk djus dh D;k vko';drk gSA You have been serving me everyway. Then where is the need of ordering you?

385- v| Hkoku~ Jea d`rokur m".ksu tysu LukrO;e~A vkt vkius Je fd;k gS] bl dkj.k xje ty ls Luku djuk pkfg;sAA You have done (physical) labour today. So you should take a hot bath.

386- x`gk.ksna tyeklua pA yhft;s ;g ty vkSj vkluA Take this water and the seat.

387- bnkuha Hkze.kk; xUrO;e~A bl le; ?kweus ds fy, tkuk pkfg;sA Now you should go (out) for a walk.

388- Do xPNso\ dgka pysa\ Where shall we (two) go?

389- m|kus"kqA

29- L=kh'oJw'o'kqjkfnlsO;lsodizdj.ke~ 29. Woman in Service of her Parents-inlaw and Others 390- gs 'oJq! lsokekKki;] fda dq;kZe~\ gs lkl! lsok dh vkKk dhft;s] D;k d:a\ Mom! (=Mother-in-law!) Let me know what I can do for you.

391- lqHkxs! tya nsfgA lqHkxs! ty nsA God bless you! Give me water.

392- x`gk.ksnefLrA yhft;s ;g gSA Take it. Here it is.

393- gs 'o'kqj! Hkoku~ fdfePNR;kKki;rqA gs 'olqj! vkidh D;k bPNk gS vkKk nhft,A Dad! (=Father-in-law!) Let me know what you want.

394- gs o'kaons! RoRlso;k lUrq"Vks¿fLeA gs o'kaons! rsjh lsok ls larq"V gwaA Well, submissive lady! I am satisfied with your

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tendance (=service).

30- uuUn`Hkzkr`tk;koknizdj.ke~ Conversation between a Bhabhi and a Nanand 395- gs uuUnfjgkxPN okÙkkZykia dq;kZoA gs uuUn! ;gka vkvks ckrphr djsaA Sister! come here. Let us chat.

396- on Hkzkr`tk;s! fdfePNfl\ dgks HkkStkbZ! D;k bPNk gS\ Sister! Speak out. What do you want?

397- ro ifr% dhn`'kks¿fLr\ rsjk ifr dSlk gS\ How do you like your husband? (=What kind of man is your husband?)

398- vrho lq[kiznks ;Fkk roA vR;Ur lq[k nsus okyk gS] tSlk rsjkA He is very amiable (=pleasure-giving) like yours.

399- e;k Rohn`'k% ifr% lkSHkkX;su yCèkks¿fLrA eSus rks bl izdkj dk ifr vPNs HkkX; ls ik;k gSA I have been lucky to have had such a husband.

400- dnkfpnfiz;a rq u djksfr\

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dHkh izfrdwy rks ugha djrk\

He never displeases you, does he?

401- dnkfi ufg fdUrq loZnk izhfra o¼Z;frA dHkh ugha fdUrq lc fnu izhfr c<+krk gSA Never at all! Instead, he enhances amicability.

402- i';kH;ka ckY;koLFkk;ka fookg% d`rks¿r% lnk nq%f[kukS oÙksrZ As ns[kks] bu nksuksa us ckY;koLFkk esa fookg fd;k gS] blls lnk nq%[kh jgrs gSaA Look! These two were married in their childhood. So they always remain unhappy.

403- ;kU;iR;kfu tkrkfu rkU;fi #X.kkU;xzs¿iR;L;k¿¿'kSo ukfLr fucZyRokr~A tks yM+ds gq, os Hkh jksxh gSa] vkxs yM+dk gksus dh vk'kk gh ugha gS fucZyrk lsA Even the children born (to them) are ailing.

Due to weakness there is no hope of any more child (being born).

404- i'; ro ee p dhn`'kkfu iq"VkU;iR;kfu f}o"kkZuUrja tk;UrsA ns[kks rsjs vkSj esjs dSls iq"V yM+ds nks o"kZ ds ihNs gksrs tkrs gSaA Look! How healthy and strong your and my children are! Each has been born after a gap of

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two years.

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cqf¼ foijhr gksus ls myVk cksyrk gSA

405- loZnk izlÂkfu lfUr o¼ZUrs p lq'khyRokr~A lc dky esa izl vkSj c<+rs tkrs gSa lq'khyrk lsA

He speaks insensibly due to misconceptions (=dementia).

They always, remain happy and are growing due to their amicable nature.

410- v|k¿L; ej.kle; vkxr ÅèoZ'oklRokr~A vkt blds ejus dk le; vk;k] mQij dks 'okl ds pyus lsA

406- u áfLeu~ lalkjs¿uqdwyL=khifrtU;ln`'ka lq[ka fdefi fo|rsA bl lalkj ds vuqdwy L=kh vkSj iq#"k ls gksusokys lq[k ds ln`'k nwljk lq[k dksbZ ugha gSA In this world there is surely no happiness like the happiness born out of the union of compatible wife and husband.

407- bnkuha o`¼k¿oLFkk izkIrk] ;kSoua xra] ds'kk% 'osrk tkrk%] izfrfnua cya ßlfr pA bl le; o`¼koLFkk vkbZ] tokuh xbZ] cky lisQn gq, vkSj fuR; cy ?kV jgk gSA Now old age has set in. Youthfulness is over.

Hair has turned grey. Energy is depleting by the day.

408- l bnkuha xeukxeuefi drqZe'kÙkQks tkr%A og bl le; vkus tkus esa Hkh vleFkZ gks x;k gSA He has now become incapacitated to go to and fro.

409- cqf¼foi;kZlRokf}ijhra Hkk"krsA

Today the time of his death has come due to his gasping for breath (=deep respiration).

411- lks¿| e`r%A og vkt ej x;kA He has died today.

412- uh;rka 'e'kkua osneU=kSZ?k`ZrkfnfHknZárke~A ys pyks 'ke'kku dks] osneU=kksa lfgr ?kh vkfn lqxU/ ls ngu djksA Take him to the crematorium, (and) burn him with ghee, etc. reciting Vedic hymns.

413- 'kjhja HkLehHkwra tkrerLr`rh;s¿gfu lHkLekfLFklap;ua d`Rok iquLrfÂfeÙka 'kksdkfnda fdafpnfi uSo dk;Ze~A 'kjhj HkLe gks x;k] vkt ls rhljs fnu jk[klfgr gkM+ksa dks osnh ls vyx djds fiQj mlds fufeÙk 'kksdkfn dqN Hkh u djuk pkfg;sA The body has been burnt. So after collecting his bones with the ashes on the third day we should not mourn him at all any more.

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414- Roa ekrkfi=kks% lsoka u djks";r% d`r?uh oÙkZls¿rks ekrkfir`lsok dsukfi dnkfi uSo R;kT;kA rw ekrk&firk dh lsok ugha djrk bl dkj.k d`r?uh gS] blfy, ekrk&firk dh lsok dk R;kx fdlh dks dHkh u djuk pkfg;sA You don't wait on (=serve) your parents. Therefore, you are ungrateful. So one should never give up tending one's parents.

31- lka;dkyd`R;izdj.ke~ 31. Evening Duties 415- bnkuha rq lUè;kle; vkxr% lka;lUè;keqikL; Hkkstua d`Rok Hkze.ka dq#rA vc rks lUè;k le; vk;k] lUè;ksiklu vkSj Hkkstu djds ?kweuk&?kkeuk djksA Now evening has fallen. Go for a walk after carrying out evening prayers and meditation, and after taking meal.

416- v| Ro;k fd;r~ dk;± d`re~\ vkt rwus fdruk dke fd;k\ How much work have you done today?

417- ,rkoRd`resrkonof'k"VefLrA bruk fd;k gS vkSj bruk 'ks"k gSA So much has been done, and so much has been

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left.

418- v| fd;kaYykHkks O;;'p tkr%\ vkt fdruk ykHk vkSj [kpZ gqvk\ How much has been the profit and how much has been the expenditure today?

419- i×p'krkfu eqnzk ykHk% lk¼Z}s 'krs O;;'pA ikap lkS :i;s ykHk vksj v<+kbZ lkS [kpZ gq,A The profit has been five hundred rupees and the expenditure two hundred and fifty rupees.

420- bnkuha lkexkua fØ;rke~A bl le; lkeosn dk xku dhft;sA Now recite hymns from the Samaveda.

421- oh.kknhfu okfn=kk.;kuh;rke~A oh.kkfnd ckts ys vkvksA Bring lyre and other musical instruments.

422- vkuhrkfuA yk;sA They have been brought.

423- ok|rke~A ctkvksA Play them.

424- xh;rke~A xkvksA Sing.

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425- dL; jkxL; le;ks oÙkZrs\ fdl jkx dk dky gS\ For which raga is it the suitable time?

426- "kM~tL;A "kM~t dkA It is for shadja.

427- bnkuha rq n'k?kfVdkizferk jk=;kxrk 'k;hèoe~A bl le; rks n'k ?kM+h jkr chrh] lksb;sA Now it is ten at night. Go to bed.

428- xE;rka LoLFkkue~A tkvks vius&vius LFkku dksA Go to your respective places.

429- LoLo'kÕ;k;ka 'k;ua dÙkZO;e~A vius&vius fcNkSus ij lksuk pkfg;sA You should sleep on your own beds.

430- lR;esoesos'ojd`i;k lq[ksu jkf=kxZPNsRizHkkra Hkosr~A lR; gS] ,sls gh bZ'oj dh d`ik ls lq[kiwoZd jkr chrs vkSj losjk gksosA It is true. By God's grace night should pass comfortably and the dawn should come like this.

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32- 'kjhjko;oizdj.ke~ 32. Parts of the Body 431- vL; f'kj% LFkwya oÙkZrsA bldk flj cM+k gSA His head is big.

432- nsonÙkL; ew¼Zds'kk% d`".kk oÙkZUrsA nsonÙk ds flj esa cky dkys gSaA The hair on Devadatta's head is black.

433- ee rq [kyq 'osrk tkrk%A esjs rks lisQn gks x;sA Mine has turned (=become) grey.

434- rokfi ds'kk v¼Z'sork% lfUrA rsjs Hkh cky vk/s lisQn gSaA Half of your hair also is black.

435- vL; yykVa lqUnjefLrA bldk ekFkk lqUnj gSA His forehead is beautiful.

436- v;a f'kjlk [kYokV%A blds flj esa cky ugha gSaA He is bald-headed.

437- rL;ksÙkekS HkzqokS Lr%A mldh vPNh HkkSags gSaA His eye-brows are beautiful.

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438- Jks=ks.k Ük`.kksf"k u ok\ dku ls lqurk gS ok ugha\ Can (=Do) you hear with this ear?

439- Ük`.kksfeA lqurk gw¡A I can (=do).

440- vu;k fL=k;k d.kZ;ks% iz'kLrkU;kHkw"k.kkfu /`rkfuA bl L=kh us dkuksa esa vPNs lqUnj xgus ifgus gSaA This woman has put beautiful ornaments on her ears.

441- fde;a d.kkZH;ka cf/jks¿fLrA D;k ;g dkuksa ls cfgjk gS\ Is he deaf?

442- cf/jLrq u] ijUrq Jo.ks è;kua u nnkfrA cfgjk rks ugha gS ijUrq lquus esa è;ku ugha nsrkA He is not deaf but does not pay attention while listening.

443- v;a fo'kkyk{k%A ;g cM+s us=kokyk gSA He is wide-eyed.

444- Roa p{kq"kk i';fl u ok\ rw vka[k ls ns[krk gS ok ugha\ Can (=Do) you see with this eye or not?

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445- i';kfe] ijfURonkuha eUnn`f"VtkZrks¿gefLeA ns[krk gwa] ijUrq bl le; eUnn`f"V vFkkZr~ FkksM+h n`f"Vokyk gks x;k gw¡A I can (=do) but now I have become weaksighted.

446- bnkuha rs jDrs vf{k.kh dFka oÙksZrs\ bl le; rsjh vka[ks yky D;ksa gSa\ Why are your eyes red now?

447- ;rks¿ga 'k;uknqfRFkr%A lks ds mBk gwa bl dkj.k lsA Because I have (just) got up from sleep.

448- l dk.kks /wrksZ¿fLrA og dkuk /wÙkZ gSA That one-eyed man is a rogue.

449- nz"VO;e;eU/% lp{kq"dor~ dFka xPNfr\ ns[kks ;g vU/k vka[kokys ds leku dSls tkrk gS\ Look! How this blind person is walking like a full-sighted one!

450- rok¿f{k.kh dnk u"Vs\ rsjh vka[ksa dc u"V gqb±\ When did your eyes go bad?

451- ;nkga i×po"kksZ¿Hkwoe~A tc eSa ikap o"kZ dk gqvk FkkA

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When I was five years old.

452- bnkuhEeUus=ks jksxks¿fLr l dFka fuoRL;Zrs\ bl le; esjs us=k esa jksx gS] og dSls fuo`Ùk gksxk\ Now one of my eyes is diseased. How will it be cured?

453- v×tuk|kS"k/lsousu fuofÙkZ";rsA v×tu vkfn vkS"k/ ds lsou ls fuo`Ùk gksxkA It will be cured by the use of medicines like collyrium, etc.

454- rL; ukfldksÙkekfLrA mldh ukd vfr lqUnj gSA He has a beautiful nose.

456- Hkokufi 'kqdukfld%A vki Hkh rksrs ds lh ukdokys gSaA You also have a parrot-like nose.

457- ?kzk.ksu xU/a ft?kzfl u ok\ ukd ls xU/ lwa?krk gS ok ugha\ Can (=Do) you smell or not (by nose)?

458- 'ys"ediQRokUe;k ukfld;k xU/ks u izrh;rsA ljnh diQ (tqdke) gksus ls eq>dks ukfldk ls xU/ dh izrhfr ugha gksrhA I cannot smell by nose due to cough and cold.

459- v;a iq#"k% lqdiksyks¿fLrA

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;g iq#"k vPNs xkyokyk gSA

This man has beautiful cheeks.

460- vfrLFkwyRoknL; ukfHkxZEHkhjkA cgqr eksVk gksus ls bldh ukfHk xgjh gSA Due to being very obese, he has a deep navel.

461- Roe| izlÂeq[kks n`';ls fde=k dkj.ke~\ rw vkt izlÂeq[k fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] blesa D;k dkj.k gS\ You are looking cheerful today. What makes you so (=what is the reason)?

462- v;a lnSokÞykfnronuks fo|rsA ;g lc fnu izlÂeq[k cuk jgrk gSA He always looks (=is always) cheerful.

463- vL;kS"BkS Js"BkS oÙksZrsA blds vks"B cgqr vPNs gSaA His lips are very beautiful.

464- v;¡YyEcks"BRokn~Hk;Ä~djks¿fLrA ;g yEcs vks"Bokyk gksus ls Hk;adj gSA He is scary due to his long (=hanging) lip.

465- loSZftZà;k Loknks x`ársA lc yksx thHk ls Lokn fy;k djrs gSaA All (people) enjoy taste with the help of (their) tongue.

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466- okpk p lR;a fiz;a e/qja lnSo okP;e~A ok.kh ls lR;] fiz; vkSj e/qj lc fnu cksyuk pkfg;sA (We should) always speak true, sweet and loveable words.

466- uSo dsufpR[kYou`rkfnda oDrO;e~A dHkh fdlh dks >wB ugha cksyuk pkfg;sA One should never tell lies.

467- v;a lqnu~ oÙkZrsA ;g vPNs nkarksokyk gSA He has beautiful teeth (=He is one with beautiful teeth).

468- ro nUrk n`<k% lfUr ok pfyrk%\ rsjs nkar n`<+ gSa ok fgy x;s gSa\ Are your teeth well-rooted or shaken?

469- ee rq n`<k vL; =kqfVrk% lfUrA esjs rks n`<+ gSa vFkkZr~ fu'py gSa blds VwV x;s gSaA Mine are strong but his have fallen (=broken).

470- eUeq[k ,dks¿fi nUrks ukLR;r% d"Vsu Hkkstukfnda djksfeA esjs eq[k essa ,d Hkh nkar ugha gS blls Dys'k ls Hkkstu djrk gw¡A There is not even a single (=one) tooth in my mouth. So I take food, etc. with difficulty.

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471- vL; 'eJwf.k yEchHkwrkfu lfUrA bldh ewaNs yEch gSaA He has long moustaches.

472- ro fpcqdL;ksifj ds'kk% U;wuk% lfUrA rsjh BksM+h ds mQij cky FkksM+s gSaA There is sparse hair on your chin.

473- Ro;k d.B bna fdeFk± c¼e~\ rwus xys esa ;g fdlfy;s cka/k gS\ What for (=why) have you worn this on (=put this on) your neck?

474- vL;ksjks foLrh.kZefLrA bldh Nkrh cM+h gSA He has a broad chest. (=His chest is broad).

475- Ro;k ân;s fda fyIre~\ rwus Nkrh esa D;k yxk;k gS\ What have you applied on your chest?

476- bnkuha gseUrks¿LR;r% dqÄ~dqedLrw;kSZ fyIrsA bl le; gseUr ½rq gS] blls dslj vkSj dLrwjh ysiu fd;s gSaA This is cold (=winter) season. So I have smeared the paste of saffron and musk.

477- rFkk âRNwyfuokj.kk;kS"k/e~A oSls ân;'kwy fuokj.k ds fy;s vkS"k/A Also (have I applied) medicine for warding

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off heart-ache.

478- ek.kod% Lrukn~ nqX/a ficfrA yM+dk Lru ls nw/ ihrk gSA The boy is breast-fed.

479- i';! nsonÙkks¿;a yEcksnjks orZrsA ns[k! ;g nsonÙk cM+s isVokyk vFkkZr~ rksanokyk gSA Look! This one is Devadatta. He has a bulging (=big) belly.

480- v;Urq [kyq {kkeksnj%A ;g rks NksVs isVokyk gSA But this one has a small belly.

481- ro i`"Bs fda yXuefLr\ rsjh ihB esa D;k yxk gS\ What is sticking on your back?

482- fda LdU/kH;ka Hkkja ogfl\ D;k rw dU/ksa ls Hkkj mBkrk gS\ Do you carry weight on your shoulders?

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his physical prowess (=strength).

484- euq";s.k gLrkH;keqÙkekfu èkE;Zdk;kZf.k lsO;kfu uSo dnkfpnèkE;kZf.kA euq"; dks pkfg;s fd gkFkksa ls mÙke èkeZ;qDr deZ djs u dHkh v/eZ;qDr deks± dksA A person should do good and righteous deeds with his hands and never the unrighteous ones.

485- vL; dji`"Bs djrys p ?k`ra yXuefLrA blds gkFk dh ihB vkSj rys esa ?kh yxk gSA Ghee is sticking on his palm and on the back of (his) palm.

486- eqf"VcU/us lR;sd=kk¿Äxq"B ,d=k prÏks¿Äxqy;ks HkofUrA ewBh cka/us esa ,d vksj vaxwBk vkSj ,d vksj pkj vaxqyh gksrh gSaA On closing the fist the thumb appears on one side and the four fingers on the other side.

483- i';k¿L; {kf=k;L; ckàkscZya ;su LoHkqtcyizrkisu jkT;a of¼Zre~A ns[k! bl {kf=k; dk ckgqcy ftlus vius ckgqcy ls jkT; dks c<+k;k gSA

487- 'kjhjL; eè;Hkkxks ukfHk% iqjr% if'per% dVh p dF;rsA 'kjhj ds vkxs chp ds Hkkx dks ukfHk vkSj ihNs ds Hkkx dks ihB dgrs gSaA

Look at the physical strength of this kshatriya (=warrior = soldier) who has expanded his territory (=empire = kingdom) with the help of

The middle of the front part of the body is called the navel and the rear part (is called) the back.

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488- v;a eYy% LFkwyks#%A ;g igyoku eksVh ta?kkokyk gSA This wrestler has bulky (=big = heavy) thighs.

489- ek.kodks tkuqH;ka xPNfrA yM+dk ?kqVuksa ds cy ls pyrk gSA The boy moves (=walks) on (his) knees.

490- v|kfrxeusu tÄ~?ks ihfMrs Lr%A vkt cgqr pyus ls tka?ksa nw[krh gSaA Due to excessive walking today (my) calves are aching.

491- vga in~H;ka áks xzkeexee~A eSa iSny dy xkao dks x;k FkkA I went to the village on foot yesterday.

492- vL; 'kjhjs nh?kkZf.k yksekfu lfUrA blds 'kjhj esa cM+s&cM+s jkse gSaA He has long hair on his body.

493- ro 'kjhjs p U;wukfu lfUrA vkSj rsjs 'kjhj esa FkksM+s jkse gSaA You have sparse hair (=only a few hairs) on your body.

495- vL; 'kjhjpeZ 'y{.ka oÙkZrsA blds 'kjhj dk peM+k fpduk gSA The skin of his body is sleek (=smooth)

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495- i';kL; u[kk vkjÙkQk% lfUrA ns[k! blds u[k dqN&dqN yky gSaA Look ! His nails are slightly red.

496- v;a nf{k.ksu gLrsu Hkkstua okesu tya ficfrA ;g nkfgus gkFk ls Hkkstu vkSj ck;sa ls ty ihrk gSA He takes food with his right hand and (drinks) water with his left hand (=the left hand)

497- bnkuha Ro;k Je% d`rks¿LR;rks èkeuh 'kh?kza pyfrA bl le; rwus Je fd;k gS] blls ukM+h 'kh?kz pyrh gSA You have done hard work now. So your pulse rate is fast.

498- v/quk rq eekUrLRox~ nárs¿fLFk"kq ihMkfi oÙkZrsA bl le; esjs Hkhrj dh Ropk tyrh vkSj gkM+ksa esa ihM+k Hkh gSA Now the inside of my skin is burning and there is pain in my bones.

33- jktlHkkizdj.ke~ 33. The Governing Body 499- fr"B nsonÙk! Ro;k lg xPNkfe jktlHkke~A Bgj nsonÙk! rsjs lkFk eSa Hkh jktlHkk dks pyrk gw¡A Devadatta! Hold (=Wait). I'll go with you to

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the governing council.

500- lHkk'kCnL; d% inkFkZ%\ lHkk 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS\ What is meant by the word "sabha'?

501- ;k lR;klR;fu.kZ;k; izdk'k;qÙkQk oÙkZrsA tks lp >wB dk fu.kZ; djus ds fy, izdk'k ls lfgr gksA The body which is enlightened to decide what is true and what is false.

502- r=k dfr lHkkln% lfUr\ ogka fdrus lHkkln~ gSa\ How many members are there in it?

503- lgÏe~A gtkjA One thousand.

504- ;k ee xzkes lHkkfLr r=k [kyq i×p'krkfu lHkkln% lfUrA tks esjs xkao esa lHkk gS mlessa rks ikap lkS lHkkln~ gSaA The council which is there in my village has five hundred members.

505- bnkuha lHkk;ka dL; fo"k;L;ksifj fopkjks fo/krO;%\ bl le; lHkk esa fdl fo"k; ij fopkj djuk pkfg;s\

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What topic should be discussed (=thought over) in the meeting?

506- ;q¼L;A ;q¼ vFkkZr~ yM+kbZ dkA War.

507- rsu lg ;q¼a dÙkZO;a u ok\ mlds lkFk ;q¼ djuk pkfg;s ok ugha\ Should we enter into war with him or not?

508- ;fn dÙkZO;a rfgZ dFke~\ ;fn djuk pkfg;s rks dSls\ If we should, then how?

509- ;fn l /ekZRek rnk rq u dÙkZO;e~A ;fn og /ekZRek gks rc rks mlls ;q¼ djuk ;ksX; ughaA If he is righteous, then we should not.

510- ikfi"B'psÙkfgZ rsu lg ;ks¼O;esoA vkSj tks ikih gks rks mlls ;q¼ djuk gh pkfg;sA If he is a sinner then we nust wage war on him.

511- lks¿U;k;su iztka Hk`'ka ihM;R;rks egkikfi"B%A og vU;k; ls iztk dks fujUrj ihM+k nsrk gS] bl dkj.k ls og cM+k ikih gSA He is unjustly tormenting people a lot. So he is a great sinner.

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512- ,oa psÙkfgZ 'kL=kkL=kiz{ksi;q¼dq'kyk cfy"Bk dks'k& /kU;kfnlkexzhlfgrk lsuk ;q¼k; izs"k.kh;kA ;fn ,slk gS rks 'kL=k&vL=k pykus esa vkSj ;q¼ esa dq'ky cM+h yM+usokyh] [ktkuk vkSj vÂkfn lkexzh lfgr lsuk ;q¼ ds fy;s Hkstuh pkfg;sA If it is so, the armed forces which are strong and efficient in the use of war weapons should be equipped with the wherewithal and sent for waging war.

513- lR;esok=k o;a losZ lEefra nn~e%A lp gh gS] blesa ge lc yksx lEefr nsrs gSaA It is rightly (=truly) said, and we give our concurrence to this (proposal).

514- bnkuha dL;ka fnf'k dS% lg ;q¼a izoÙkZrs\ bl le; fdl fn'kk esa fdu ds lkFk ;q¼ gks jgk gS\ With whom and in which direction is the war going on now?

515- if'pek;ka fnf'k ;ouS% lg gfjo"kZLFkkuke~A if'pe fn'kk esa eqlyekuksa ds lkFk gfjo"kZLFk vFkkZr~ ;wjksfi;u vaxzst yksxksa dkA It is taking place between the Muslims and the Europeans in the west.

516- ijkftrk vfi ;ouk v|kI;qinzoa u R;tfUrA

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gkjs gq, eqlyeku yksx vc Hkh minzo ugha NksM+rsA Though defeated, Muslims are not giving up hostilities even today.

517- v;a [kyq i'kq i f{k.kkefi LoHkkoks ¿ fLr ;nk df'pÙkn~x`gkfnda xzghrqfePNsr~ rnk ;Fkk'kfDr ;qè;Ur ,oA ;g rks i'kq&if{k;ksa dk Hkh LoHkko gS fd tc dksbZ muds ?kj vkfn dks Nhu ysus dh bPNk djrk gS rc ;Fkk'kfDr ;q¼ djrs vFkkZr~ yM+rs gh gSaA This is the nature of even birds and animals that whenever somebody thinks of snatching their living places (=houses), etc. they fight to their utmost capacity.

34- xzkE;i'kqizdj.ke~ 34. Rural Animals 518- Hkks xksiky! xk ous pkj;A gs vghj! xkSvksa dks ou esa pjkA Gopal! Graze the cows in the forest.

519- r=k ;k /suoLrkH;ks¿¼± nqX/a Ro;k nqXèok LokfeH;ks ns;e¼± p oRlsH;% ik;f;rO;e~A ogka tks ubZ O;kbZ xkS;sa gSa muls vk/k nw/ rwus nqgdj ekfyd dks nsuk vkSj vkèkk cNM+ksa dks fiykuk pkfg;sA

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The cows which have newly calved should be milked by you. Half of their milk should be given to their owner and half should be left for the calves to drink.

520- ,rkS o`"kHkkS jFks ;ksDrqa ;ksX;kS Lr%] bekS gys [kyqA ;s nksuksa cSy xkM+h esa ok jFk esa tksrus ds ;ksX; gSa vkSj ;s nksuksa gy gh esaA These two oxen are fit to be yoked in the chariot and these two in (=for pulling) the plough.

521- i';sek% LFkwyk efg";ks ous pjfUrA nsf[k;s] ;s eksVh HkSals ou esa pjrh gSaA Look! these hefty she-buffaloes are grazing in the forest.

522- vkxPN Hkks! nz"VO;Eefg"kk.kka ;q¼a ijLija dhn`'ka HkofrA vkvks th] ns[kus ;ksX; gS HkSalksa dk ;q¼ fdl izdkj vkil esa gks jgk gSA Come along, please. Worth watching is how the he-buffaloes fight among themselves.

523- vL; jkKks cgo mÙkek v'ok% lfUrA bl jktk ds cgqr ls mÙke ?kksM+s gSaA This king has many good horses.

524- fdfe;a jkK lrqjÄ~xk lsuk xPNfr\ D;k ;g jktk dh ?kksM+ksa lfgr lsuk tk jgh gSA

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Is it the king's cavalry (=army using horses) going?

525- JksrO;a gj;% dhn`'ka ßs"kUrsA lqfu;s] ?kksM+s fdl izdkj fgufgukrs gSaA Listen, how the horses are neighing!

526- ;Fkk gfLruks LFkwyk% lfUr rFkk gfLrU;ks¿fiA tSls gkFkh eksVs gksrs gSa oSls gfFkuh Hkh gSaA The she-elephants are also as hefty as the heelephants.

527- ukxkLlea xPNfUrA gkFkh cjkcj pky ls pyrs gSaA The elephants are keeping pace amongst themselves.

OR The elephants are keeping a steady pace.

528- Ük`.kq] dfj.k% dhn`'ka c`agfUr! lqu] gkFkh dSls fpagkjrs gSa! Listen, how the elephants are trumpeting!

529- i';ses xtksifj fLFkRok xPNfUrA ns[k] ;s gkFkh ij cSB ds tkrs gSaA Look! They are going riding the elephants.

530- vL; jkK% drhHkkLlfUr\ bl jktk ds fdrus gkFkh gSa\ How many elephants does this king have?

531- i×p lgÏkf.kA

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ikap gtkjA Five thousand.

532- jk=kkS 'okuks cqDdfUrA jkr esa dqÙks Hkwalrs gSaA Dogs bark at night.

533- izkr% dqDdqVk% laizonfUrA losjs eqjxs cksyrs gSaA The cocks crow in the morning.

534- ektkZjks ew"kdkufÙkA fcYyk ewlksa dks [kkrk gSA The he-cat eats the rats / mice.

535- dqykyL; xnZHkk vfrLFkwyk% lfUrA dqEgkj ds xngs vR;Ur eksVs gSaA The donkeys of the potter are very hefty.

536- Ük`.kq] yEcd.kkZ jklHkk jklUrsA lqu] yEcs dkuksa okys xngs cksyrs gSaA Listen ! Long-eared donkeys are braying.

537- xzkE;'kwdjk% iqjh"ka Hk{kf;Rok Hkwfea 'kqU/fUrA xkao esa lwvj eSyk [kkds Hkwfe dks 'kq¼ djrs gSaA The village pigs eat the faeces (=excrement) and thus cleanse the ground.

538- m"Vªk Hkkja ogfUrA mQaV cks>k <ksrs gSaA

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The camels carry load.

539- vtkfoikyks¿tk vohnksZfX/A xM+fj;k cdjh vkSj HksM+ksa dks nqgrk gSA The shepherd milks the goats and the sheep.

540- i'koks¿iquZ|ka tye~A i'kqvksa us unh esa ty fi;k FkkA The animals drank water from the river.

541- jDreq[kks okujks¿frnq"Vks Hkofr d`".keq[kLrq Js"B% [kyqA yky eq[k dk cUnj cM+k nq"V vkSj dkys eqag dk yaxwj rks vPNk gksrk gSA A monkey with a red mouth is very wicked but the one with a black mouth is very good.

542- okujh e`rdefi ckyda u R;tfrA cUnjh ejs gq, cPps dks Hkh ugha NksM+rhA The she-monkey doesn't desert even her dead child.

543- xksikysu xkoks nqX/k% i;ks u ok\ Xokys us xkSvksa ls nw/ nqgk ok ugha\ Has the cowhand (=cow boy) milked the cows or not?

544- dfiyk;k xkseZ/qja i;ks HkofrA dfiyk (ihyh) xk; dk nw/ ehBk gksrk gSA

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The milk of a yellow cow is sweet.

545- v;a o`"kHk% fd;rk ewY;su Øhr%\ ;g cSy fdrus eksy ls [kjhnk gSA For how much did you purchase this bull?

546- 'krsu :I;S%A lkS #i;ksa lsA For one hundred rupees.

547- dfrfHk% i.kS% izLFka i;ks feyfr\ fdrus iSlksa ls lsj nw/ feyrk gS\ How much does one seer of milk cost? (= For how many paisas do we get one seer of milk?)

548- }kH;ka i.kkH;ke~A nks iSlksa lsA Two paisas (= for two paisas)

549- i'; nsonÙk! okujk% dFkeqRIyoUrs\ ns[k nsonÙk! cUnj dSls dwnrs gSa\ Devadatta ! Look, how the monkeys are jumping about!

550- v;a egkguqRok¼uqekUoÙkZrsA ;g cUnj cM+h BksMhokyk gksus ls guqeku~ gSA This monkey is Hanuman because of his long chin.

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35- xzkeLFkif{kizdj.ke~ 35. Rural Birds 551- ,rkH;ka pVdkH;ka izklkns uhMa jfpre~A bu nks fpfM+;ksa us vVkjh ij ?kksalyk cuk;k gSA These (two) sparrows have woven (=built)a nest on the palace.

552- v=kk.Mkfu /`rkfuA ;gka v.Ms /js gSaA Eggs are lying here.

553- bnkuha rq pkVdSjk vfi tkrk%A vc rks buds cPps Hkh gks x;s gSaA Now even children have been born (to them).

554- i';] fo".kqfe=k! dqDdqV;ks;qZ¼e~A ns[k] fo".kqfe=k! eqjxkssa dh yM+kbZA Vishnumitra, look! Cock fight (is going on). OR Vishnumitra, watch the cockfight.

555- dqDdqVh LokU;.Mkfu lsorsA eqjxh vius v.Mksa dks lsorh gSA The hen is hatching its eggs.

556- i';] 'kqdkuka lewga ;ks fo#oUuqîóh;rsA ns[k] rksrksa ds >q.M dks tks pgpgkrk gqvk mM+ jgk gSA Look at the group of parrots who are flying warbling .

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557- jk=kkS dkdk u ok';UrsA jkr esa dkSos ugha cksyrs gSaA The crows don't caw at night

558- vjs Hk`R;ksîkó ; èoka{keusu ikrO;tyik=ks p×pqa fuf{kI; tya foukf'kre~A vjs ukSdj! dkSos dks mM+kns] blus ihus ds ty ds crZu esa pksap Mkydj ty nwf"kr dj fn;kA Servant! Scare away the crow. It has sullied the water in the pot carrying potable water by putting its beak into it.

559- ok;lsu ckydgLrknzksfVdk ârkA dkSos us yM+ds ds gkFk ls jksVh ys yhA The crow has snatched the piece of bread (=roti) from the hand of the child.

560- i';] dhn`'ka dkdksywfdda ;q¼a izoÙkZrsA ns[k] fdl izdkj dh dkSos vkSj mYyqvksa dh yM+kbZ gks jgh gSA Look ! How the fight between crows and owls is going on.

561- vusu 'kqdgalfrfÙkfjdiksrk% ikfyrk%A blus rksrk] gal] rhrj vkSj dcwrj ikys gSaA He has brought up a parrot, a swan, a partridge and a pigeon.

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36- oU;i'kqizdj.ke~ 36. Wild Animals 562- ous jk=kkS flagk xtZfUrA ou esa jkr ds le; flag xtZrs gSaA Tigers roar in the jungle at night.

563- 'kknwZya n`"V~ok flagk fuyh;UrsA 'kknwZy dks ns[kdj flag fNi tkrs gSaA Tigers hide themselves on seeing a lion.

564- á% flagsu xkSgZrkA dy flag us xkS dks ekj MkykA Yesterday a tiger killed a cow.

565- ij'oks foØeoeZ.kk flagks gr%A ijlksa foØeoekZ us flag ekjkA Day before yesterday Vikram Verma killed a tiger.

566- nz"VO;a gfLrflag;ks j.ke~A ns[k gkFkh vkSj flag dh yM+kbZA Look! A fight between an elephant and a tiger (is going on) OR See the fight between an elephant and a tiger.

567- tÄ~xys gfLr;wFkk% ifjHkzefUrA taxy esa gkfFk;ksa ds >q.M ?kwers gSaA Herds of elephants move about in the jungle.

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568- bnkuheso o`ds.k e`xks x`ghr%A vHkh HksfM+;s us fgju idM+ fy;kA Just now a wolf caught hold of a deer.

569- v;a dqDdqjks cyokuusu flagsu lgkI;kft% d`rkA ;g dqÙkk cM+k cyoku~ gS] blus flag ds lkFk yM+kbZ dhA This dog is very strong. It has fought against a tiger.

570- i'; flagojkg;ks% laxzkee~A ns[k] flag vkSj 'kwdj dk ;q¼A See the fight between a tiger and a wild boar.

571- 'kwdjk b{kq{ks=kkf.k Hk{kf;Rok fouk'k;fUrA 'kwdj bZ[k ds [ksrksa dks [kkdj u"V dj nsrs gSaA The boars graze in the sugar cane fields and destroy them.

572- i'; osxsu /korks e`xku~A ns[k] osx ls nkSM+rs gq, fgjuksa dksA

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Have you seen the rabbit which hides and then runs away galloping?

575- cgwu~ n`"Voku~A cgqrksa dks ns[kk gSA I have seen many.

576- dnkfpn~Hkkyoks¿fi n`"Vk u ok\ dHkh Hkkyqvksa dks Hkh ns[kk gS ok ugha\ Have you ever seen the bears also or not?

577- ,dnkPNsZu lkda ee ;q¼a tkre~A ,d fnu jhN ds lkFk esjh yM+kbZ Hkh gqbZ FkhA One day I got into a fight with a bear. (=One day a fight took place between me and a bear.)

578- jk=kkS Ük`xkyk% #nfUrA jkf=k esa fl;kj jksrs gSaA The jackals weep at night.

579- dnkfpR[kM~xks¿fi n`"Vks u ok\ dHkh xSaMk Hkh ns[kk ok ugha\

Look at the fast running deer.

Have you ever seen a rhinoceros or not?

573- v;a ##o`Z"kHkoRLFkwyks¿fLrA ;g dLrwjh e`x cSy ds leku eksVk gSA

580- ; vkj.;k efg"kk cyoUrks HkofUr rkUdnkfpn~ n`"VokUu ok\ tks ouSys HkSals cyoku~ gksrs gSa mudks dHkh ns[kk ok ugha\

This muskdeer is as hefty as a bull.

574- ;ks fuyh;ksRIyqR; /kofr l 'k'kLRo;k n`"Vks u ok\ tks Nqidj dwn ds nkSM+rk gS og [kjxksÀk rwus ns[kk gS ok ugha\

Have you ever seen or not the wild buffaloes which are very strong?

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37- ouLFkif{kizdj.ke~ 37. Wild Birds 581- dnkfpr~ lkjlkoI;qîhó ;ekukS ØhMUrkS egk'kCna dq#r%A dHkh lkjl i{kh Hkh mM+rs vkSj ØhM+k djrs gq, cM+s 'kCn djrs gSaA Sometimes cranes fly playfully and make a great noise.

582- ';susukfrosxsu ofrZdk grkA ckt us cM+s osx ls cVsj ekjhA A hawk killed a quail very fiercely.

583- Ük`.kq] frfÙkj;% dhn`'ka e/qja unfUr! lqu] frfÙkj fdl izdkj e/qj cksyrs gSa! Listen, how sweet sounds the partridges are producing!

584- olUrs fidk% fiz;a dwtfUrA olUr ½rq esa dks;y fiz; 'kCn djrh gSaA Cuckoos produce lovable sounds during spring season.

585- dkddksfdyon~ nqoZpk% lqokd~ p euq";ks HkofrA dkSos vkSj dks;y ds ln`'k nq"V vkSj vPNk cksyusokyk euq"; gksrk gSA The bitter-tongued and sweet-tongued people are like a crow and a cuckoo (respectively).

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586- v;a nsonÙkks galxfra xPNfrA ;g nsonÙk gal ds leku pyrk gSA

This is Devadatta walking like a swan.

587- i';ses e;wjk u`R;fUrA ns[k] ;s eksj ukprs gSaA Look! These peacocks are dancing.

588- mywdk jk=kkS fopjfUrA mYyw jkr dks fopjrs gSaA Owls move about during night.

589- i';] cd% ljLlq ik[kf.MtuoUeRL;ku~ gUrqa dFka è;k;fr\ ns[k] cxqyk rkykcksa esa ik[k.Mh euq"; ds rqY; eNyh ekjus dks fdl izdkj è;ku dj jgk gS\ Look, how the heron in the tanks like a deceitful person is thinking of killing the fish!

590- cykdk vI;soeso tytUrwu~ ?ufUrA cxqyk Hkh blh izdkj tytUrqvksa dks ekjrh gSaA The herons also kill the acquatic beings the same way.

591- i';] dFk×pdksjk /kofUr\ ns[k] fdl izdkj pdksj nkSM+rs gSa\ Look, how the red-legged partridges are running!

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592- ;s¿R;wèoZekdk'ks xRok ekalk; fuirfUr rs x`/kLRo;k n`"Vk u ok\ tks cgqr mQij vkdk'k esa tkdj ekal ds fy;s fxjrs gSa os xh/ rwus ns[ks gSa ok ugha\ Have you seen those vultures or not which go very high in the sky and fall down for (grabbing) carrion (=meat)?

593- esudk euq";o}nfUrA eSuk euq"; ds leku cksyrh gSaA Starlings speak like humans.

594- fpfYydk ek.kodgLrknzksfVdka fNÙoksîóh;rsA phy yM+ds ds gkFk ls jksVh Nhudj mM+ tkrh gSA The kite flies away after snatching the piece of bread from the hand of the boy.

38- fr;ZXtUrqizdj.ke~ 38. Crooked Creatures 595- likZ% 'kh?kza liZfUrA liZ tYnh ljdrs gSaA The snakes crawl fast.

596- v;a d`".k% iQ.kh egkfo"k/kjhA ;g dkyk lkai cM+k fo"kokyk gSA This black serpent is very poisonous.

597- Hkork dnkfpntxjks¿fi n`"Vks u ok\

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vkius dHkh vtxj Hkh ns[kk gS ;k ugha\ Have you ever seen a python or not?

598- i';kfgudqyL; laxzkeks oÙkZrsA ns[k] lkai vkSj usoys dk ;q¼ gks jgk gSA Look! A fight is going on between a snake and a mongoose.

599- l o`f'pdsu n"Vks jksfnfrA og fcPNw ls dkVk gqvk jksrk gSA Stung by a scorpion he is weeping

600- b;a xks/k LFkwykfLrA ;g xksg (,d izdkj dh fNidyh) eksVh gSA This guana is hefty.

601- ew"kdk fcys 'ksjrsA ewls fcy esa lksrs gSaA The mice sleep in the hole.

602- ef{kdka Hk{kf;Rok oeua iztk;rsA eD[kh [kkdj oeu gks tkrk gSA Eating flies results into vomiting.

603- v=k okl% dÙkZO;ks fueZf{kda oÙkZrsA ;gka okl djuk pkfg;s] eD[kh ,d Hkh ugha gSA This place being free from flies we should stay here.

604- e/qef{kdkn'kusu 'kksFk% iztk;rsA e/qefD[k;ksa ds dkVus ls lwtu gks tkrh gSA

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Bee-biting results into swelling.

605- Hkzejk xq×tUr% iq"isH;ks xU/a x`Þ.kfUrA HkkSjs xawtrs gq,] iwQyksa ls lqxfU/ xzg.k djrs gSaA The humming (=buzzing) black bees extract fragrance from flowers.

39- tytUrqizdj.ke~ 39. Aquatic Beings 606- frfeÄ~xyk eRL;k% leqnzs HkofUrA frfeÄ~xy eNfy;ka leqnz esa gksrh gSaA The whales are (found) in the sea.

607- jksg[w kM~xflagrq.Mjkthoykspuk'p dq.Miq"dfj.khunhr& Mkxleqnzs"kq p fuolfUrA jksgw] [kM~x] flagrq.M vkSj jkthoykspu bu ukeksa dh eNfy;ka iq[kfj;k] unh] rkykc vkSj leqnz esa okl djrh gSaA The fishes named Rohu, Khadga, Singhtunda and Rajeewalochan live in pools, ponds, rivers and seas.

608- edj% i'kwufi x`ghRok fuxyfrA exj i'kqvksa dks Hkh idM+dj fuxy tkrk gSA A crocodile catches hold of animals and swallows them.

609- uØk xzkgk vfi egkUrks HkofUrA

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ukds ?kfj;kj Hkh cM+s&cM+s gksrs gSaA

Alligators are also large-sized.

610- dwekZ% LokÄ~xkfu ladksP; izlkj;fUrA dNq, vius vaxksa dks lesV dj iSQykrs gSaA The tortoises expand the parts of their bodies after contracting them.

611- o"kkZlq e.Mwdk% 'kCn;fUrA o"kkZdky esa esa<d 'kCn djrs gSaA The frogs crock during the rains (=rainy season).

612- tyeuq";k vIlq fueT; rV vklrsA ty ds euq"; ikuh esa Mwcdj rhj ij cSBrs gSaA Water-men dive into the water and come to settle on the bank.

40- o`{kouLifrizdj.ke~ 40. Trees & Vegetation 613- fiIiyk% iQfyrk u ok\ ihiy iQys gSa ok ugha\ Have the peepal trees fruited (=fructified) or not?

614- bes oVk% lqPNk;kLlfUrA ;s cM+ vPNh Nk;kokys gSaA

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These banyan trees are very shady.

615- i';se m<qEcjk% liQyk oÙkZUrsA ns[k] ;s xwyj iQy;qDr gks jgs gSaA Look! These gular trees (=wild fig trees) are fructiflying.

616- bes fcYok% LFkwyiQykLlfUrA ;s csy cM+s&cM+s iQyokys gSaA These wood apple trees bear heavy fruit.

617- eeks|kus vkezk% iqf"irk% iQfyrk% lfUrA esjs cxhps esa vke iwQys&iQys gSaA The mango trees in my garden have flowered and fruited.

618- bnkuha iDoiQyk vfi oÙkZUrsA bl le; esa ids gq, iQy Hkh gSaA Now ripe fruits are also there.

619- vL;kezo`{kL; e/qjkf.k jlofUr p iQykfu HkofUrA bl vke ds ehBs isM osQ vkSj jlhys iQy gksrs gSaA The fruits of this mango tree are sweet and juicy.

620- rL; RoEykfu HkofUrA mlds rks [kV~Vs gksrs gSaA The fruits of that tree are sour.

621- iulL; egkfUr iQykfu HkofUrA dVgy ds cM+s&cM+s iQy gksrs gSaA

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The fruits of the jackfruit tree are big.

622- f'ka'kik;k% dk"Bkfu n`<kfu lfUrA lhle dh ydM+h n`<+ gksrh gSA The seesom wood is hard.

623- 'kkyL; nh?kkZf.k pA vkSj lk[kw dh ydM+h yEch gksrh gSA And the saakhu wood is long.

624- vL; ccqZjL; d.VdkLrh{.kk HkofUrA bl ccwy ds dkaVs rh[kh v.khokys gksrs gSaA The thorns of this tree are sharply pointed.

625- cnjh.kka rq e/qjkEykfu iQykfu d.Vdk'p dqfVyk HkofUrA csfj;ksa ds rks ehBs [kV~Vs iQy vkSj buds dkaVs Vs<+s gksrs gSAa The fruits of ber trees (=jujube trees) are sweet and sour. And their thorns are crooked.

626- dVqdks fuEcks Toja fugfUrA dMqvk uhe Toj dk uk'k dj nsrk gSA The bitter margosa (=neem) eradicates fever.

627- ekrqyqÄ~xdiQyjla lwis fuf{kI; HkksDrO;e~A uhacw dk jl nky esa Mkydj [kkuk pkfg,A The lemon juice becomes worth eating when added to cooked pulses.

628- ee okfVdk;ka nkfMeiQykU;qÙkekfu tk;UrsA

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esjs cxhps esa vukj cgqr vPNs gksrs gSaA The pomegranates that grow in my orchard are excellent (=of high quality).

629- ukxjÄ~xiQykU;ku;A ukjaxh ds iQyksa dks ykA Bring oranges.

630- olUrs iyk'kk% iq"ifUrA olUrq ½rq esa <kd (iykÀk) iwQyrs gSaA The dhak trees flower during the spring.

631- m"Vªk% 'keho`{ki=kiQykfu Hkq×trsA mQaV 'keh vFkkZr~ [khatM+ (Nksadj) o`{k ds iÙks vkSj iQyksa dks [kkrs gSaA Camels eat the leaves and the fruit of the shamee trees.

41- vkS"k/izdj.ke~ 41. Medicines 632- dnyhiQykfu iDokfu u ok\ dsys ds iQy ids ;k ugha\ Are the bananas ripe or not?

633- r.Mqykn;Lrq oS';izdj.ks fyf[krkLr=k nz"VO;k%A pkoy vkfn rks cfu;ksa ds izdj.k esa fy[ks gSa ogka ns[k ysukA

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Rice, etc. have been mentioned in the topic relating to businessmen. Refer to that.

634- fo"kfuokj.kk;k¿ikekxZeku;A fo"k nwj djus ds fy;s fpafpM+k ykA Bring the medicinal plant named apamarga for destroying the effect of poison.

635- fuxqZ.MÔk% i=kk.;kus;kfuA fuxqZ.Mh ds iÙks ykus pkfg;sA Bring the leaves of the medicinal plant called nirgundi.

636- yTtkoR;k% fda tk;rsA yTtkoUrh dk D;k gksrk gS\ To what use is Lajjawanti put?

637- xqMwph Toja fuokj;frA fxyks; Toj dks 'kkUr djrh gSA The guduchi plant soothes away fever.

638- 'ka[kkoyha nqX/s ikpf;Rok ficsr~A 'ka[kkoyh dks nw/ essa idk ds fi;saA Shankhawali should be taken after boiling it in milk.

639- ;FkÙkqZ;ksxa gjhrdh lsfork lokZu~ jksxkfÂoj;frA ftl izdkj ls izR;sd ½rq esa gjM+s dk lsou djuk ;ksX; gS oSls lsoh gqbZ gjM+ lc jksxksa dks NqM+k nsrh gSA

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Haritaki taken in the compatible season extirpates all diseases.

640- 'kq.BhejhpfiIiyhfHk% diQokrjksxkS fugUrO;kSA lksaB] fepZ vkSj ihiy ls diQ vkSj okr jksxksa dk uk'k djuk pkfg;sA Phlegmatic and wind diseases should be extirpated with (the intake of) dry ginger, chilly and peepal.

641- ;ks¿'oxU/ka nqX/s ikpf;Rok ficfr l iq"Vks tk;rsA tks vlxU/ dks nw/ esas idk dj ihrk gS og iq"V gksrk gSA One who takes ashwagandha plant after boiling it in milk becomes strong.

642- bekfu dUnkfu HkksDrqegkZf.k oÙkZUrsA ;s dUn [kkus ds ;ksX; gSaA These roots are worth-eating.

643- ,rs"kka rq 'kkdefi Js"Ba tk;rsA bu dUnksa dk rks 'kkd Hkh vPNk gksrk gSA The vegetable obtained from them is very good.

644- vL;ka okfVdk;ka xqYeyrk% iz'kaluh;k% lfUrA bl cxhps esa xqPNk vkSj yrkizrku iz'kalk ds ;ksX; vFkkZr~ vPNs gSaA The bunching and spreading creepers in this flower-garden are laudable.

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42- vkReh;izdj.ke~ 42. Personal Details 645- ro T;s"Bks cU/qHkZfxuh p dkfLr\ rsjk cM+k HkkbZ vkSj cfgu dkSu gS\ Who is your elder brother, and who is your sister?

646- nsonÙkLlq'khyk pA nsonÙk vkSj lq'khykA Devadatta and Susheela.

647- Hkks cU/ks! vga ikBk; oztkfeA gs HkkbZ! eSa i<+us dks tkrk gw¡A Brother! I am going for studies.

648- xPN fiz;! iw.kk± fo|ka d`RokxUrO;e~A tk I;kjs! iwjh fo|k djds vkukA (You may) go, dear. Come after completing the full educational course.

649- Hkor% dU;k v|'o% fda iBfUr\ vkidh csfV;ka vktdy D;k i<+rh gSa\ What are your daughters studying these days?

650- o.kksZPpkj.kf'k{kkfnda n'kZu'kkL=kkf.k pk/hR;snkuha /eZikdf'kYixf.krfo|k vèkh;rsA o.kksPZ pkj.kf'k{kkfnd rFkk U;k; vkfn 'kkL=k i<+dj vc /eZ] ikd f'kYi vkSj xf.krfo|k i<+rh gSA

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Having completed her studies in Phoneties, etc. and in (various) treatises of philosophy she now is studying religion, cookery, architecture and mathematics.

651- HkoTT;s"B;k HkfxU;k fda fde/hrfenkuh×p r;k fda fØ;rs\ vkidh cM+h cfgu us D;k&D;k i<+k gS vkSj vc og D;k djrh gS\ What has your elder sister studied and what is she doing these days?

652- o.kZKkuekjH; osni;ZUrk% lokZ fo|k fofnRosnkuha ckfydk% ikB;frA v{kjkH;kl ls ysdj osn rd lc iwjh fo|k i<+ds vc dU;kvksa dks i<+k;k djrh gSA Having acquired all learning from alphabetic studies right upto the Vedas she is now teaching girls.

653- r;k fookg% d`rks u ok\ mlus fookg fd;k ;k ugha\ Has she married or not?

654- bnkuha rq u d`r% ijUrq oja ijh{; Lo;aoja drqfZ ePNfrA vHkh rks ugha fd;k] ijUrq oj dh ijh{kk djds Lo;aoj djus dh bPNk djrh gSA So far she has not. But she wants to go for self-

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choice in marriage after assessing the proposed (=proposing) match.

655- ;nk df'pr~ LorqY;% iq#"kks fefy";fr rnk fookga dfj";frA tc dksbZ vius ln`'k iq#"k feysxk rc fookg djsxhA She will go for marriage whenever she gets a man with qualities matching hers.

656- ro fe=kSj/hra u ok\ rsjs fe=kksa us i<+k gS ;k ugha\ Are your friends educated or not? (=Have your friends received education or not?)

657- loZ ,o fo}kalks oÙkZUrs ;Fkk¿ga rFkSo rs¿fi] lekuLoHkkos"kq eS=;kLlEHkokr~A lc gh fo}ku~ gSa] tSlk eSa gw¡ oSls os Hkh gSa] D;ksafd rqY; LoHkko okyksa esa fe=krk dk lEHko gSA All of them are scholars. They are just like me since friendship sustains only among people with matching nature.

658- ro fir`O;% fda djksfr\ rsjk pkpk D;k djrk gS\ What does your uncle do?

659- jkT;O;oLFkke~A jkT; dk dkjokjA [He does (=is doing)] a government job.

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660- bes fda ro ekrqykn;%\ ;s D;k rsjs ekek vkfn gSa\ Are they your maternal uncles et al.

661- ck<e;a ee ekrqy b;a fir`"ols;a ekr`"ols;a xq#iRU;;a p xq#%A BhdA ;g esjk ekek] ;g firk dh cfgu cwvk] ;g ekrk dh cfgu ekSlh] ;g xq# dh L=kh vkSj ;g xq# gSA That's right. This is my maternal uncle, this is my bua (= father's sister), this is my mausi (=mother's sister), this is my gurumata (=teacher's wife) and this is my teacher.

662- bnkuhesrs dLeS iz;kstuk;Sd=k fefyrk%\ bl le; ;s lc fdlfy;s feydj bdV~Bs gq, gSa\ For what purpose have they assembled now?

663- e;k lRdkjk;k¿¿gwrk% lUr vkxrk%A eSaus lRdkj ds vFkZ cqyk;s gSa lks ;s lc vk;s gSaA I have invited them to greet them. So they have come.

664- bes es ee fir`'oJw'olqj';kykn;% lfUrA ;s lc esjs firk dh lkl&llqj vkSj lkys vkfn gSaA These are my father's father-in-law, motherin-law, brother-in-law et al.

665- bes ee fe=kL; L=khHkfxuhnqfgr`tkekrj% lfUrA

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;s esjs fe=k dh L=kh] cfgu] yM+dh vkSj tekbZ gSaA

These are my friend's wife, sister, daughter and son-in-law.

666- bekS ee firq% ';kynkSfg=kkS Lr%A ;s esjs ekek vkSj Hkkuts gSaA These two are my maternal uncle and nephew (=sister's son).

43- lkeUrizdj.ke~ 43. Feudal Lords 667- Ron~x`gfudVs ds ds fuolfUr\ rsjs ?kj ds ikl dkSu&dkSu jgrs gSa\ Who live near your house (=who are your neighbours)?

668- czkã.k{kf=k;foV~'kwnkz %A czkã.k] {kf=k;] oS'; vkSj 'kwnz yksxA Brhamans, kshatriyas, vaishyas and shudras.

669- bes jktlehifuokflu%A ;s jktk ds lehi jgus okys gSaA They are all living in the neighbourhood of the king.

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44- dk#izdj.ke~

45- v;Ldkjizdj.ke~

44. An Artisan 670- HkksLr{kaLRo;k ukSfoekujFk'kdVgyknhfu fuekZ; r=k iz'kLrkfu dykdhy'kykdknhfu la;ksT; nkrO;kfuA gs c<+bZ! rq> dks ukosa] foeku] jFk] xkM+h vkSj gy vkfn jp ds mu esa vR;qÙke dyk;U=k] dhy] dkaVs vkfn la;qDr djds nsus pkfg;saA

45. An Iron-smith 675- Hkks v;Ldkj! Ro;k¿L;k;lks ck.kkfl'kfDrrksej& eqn~xj'kr?uhHkq'kq.MÔ fuekZrO;k%A gs yksgdkj ! rq>dks bl yksgs ds ck.k] ryokj] cjNh] rksej] eqn~xj] canwd vkSj rksi cuk nsus pkfg;saA

Carpenter ! You should make and give us boats, aircraft, chariots, carts, ploughs, etc. after fixing in them high-quality mechanism, nails, steelpins, etc.

671- bna dk"Ba fNRok iÕ;ZÄ~da jp;A bl ydM+h dks dkV ds iyax cukA Cut this piece of wood and make a bedstead.

672- vLekRdikVk% lEiknuh;k%A blls fdokM+ksa dks cukA Make door-posts from it.

673- bea o`{ka fdeFk± fNufRl\ bl o`{k dks fdlfy;s dkVrk gS\ Why are you felling (=cutting) this tree?

674- eqlyksyw[ky;ksfuZekZ.kk;A ewly vkSj mQ[kyh cukus ds fy;sA To make a pestle and a mortar.

Blacksmith! You should make arrows, swords, spears, javelins, maces, guns and cannons from this iron.

676- ,rL; {kqjknhfu pA blds Nqjs vkfnA And (make) daggers, etc. from this iron.

677- bekS dy'kdVkgkS Ro;k foØh;srs u ok\ ;s ?kM+k vkSj dM+kgh rqe csprs gks ok ugha\ Do you (want to) sell this water-pot and this cauldron, or not?

678- foØh.kkfeA csprk gw¡A I do (=want to).

679- ,rku~ dhyd.Vdku~ fdeFk± jp;fl\ bu dhy dkaVks dks fdlfy;s cukrk gS\ Why do you make these nails and iron-pins?

680- foØ;.kk;A

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cspus ds fy;sA For marketing (=selling) them.

46- lqo.kZdkjizdj.ke~ 46. A Goldsmith 681- Ro;k lqo.kkZfnda uSo pkS;Ze~A rw lksuk vkfn er pqjkukA You should not steal gold, etc.

682- vkHkw"k.kkU;qÙkekfu fufeZeh"oA xgus vPNs lqUnj cukA Make excellent ornaments.

683- vL; gkjL; fd;UewY;efLr\ bl gkj dk fdruk eksy gS\ What is the price of this necklace?

684- i×p lgdkf.k jktR;ks eqnzk%A ikap gtkj #i;sA Five thousand silver coins.

685- bekS dq.MykS Ro;k Js"BkS jfprkS oy;kS rq u iz'kLrkSA ;s dqaMy rwus vPNs cuk;s ijUrq dM+s rks fcxkM+ fn;sA These two ear-rings made by you are excellent, but these two bracelets are not to our liking (=laudable / likeable.)

686- ,rkU;Ä~xqyh;dkfu eqÙkQkizokyghjduhyef.ktfVrkfu

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lEikn;A ;s vaxwfB;ka eksrh] ewaxk] ghjk vkSj uhyef.k ls tM+h gqbZ cukA Make these rings studded with pearl, coral,diamond and sapphire.

687- ,rsukyÄ~dkjk vR;qÙkek jP;UrsA blls xgus cgqr vPNs cuk;s tkrs gSaA This way very beautiful ornaments are made.

OR He makes very beautiful ornaments.

688- ukfldkHkw"k.ka l|ks fu"ikn;A uFkquh 'kh?kz cuk nsA Make a nose-ring promptly (= expeditiously).

689- bna eqdqVa dsu jfpre~\ ;g eqdqV fdlus cuk;k\ Who has made this crown?

690- f'koizrkisuA f'koizrki usA Shivapratap (has made it).

691- vL; lqo.kZL; dVddÄ~x.kuwiqjku~ fuekZ; l|ks nsfgA bl lksus ds dM+k] dad.kh ok daxuk vkSj itsc cukds 'kh?kz nsA Make a bangle, a wristband, a bracelet and a pair of anklets from this gold.

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47- dqykyizdj.ke~ 47. A Potter 692- Hkks dqyky ! dqEHk'kjkoe`nx~ odkfÂfeZeh"o] ?kVa nsáusu tyekus";kfeA vjs dqEHkkj ! ?kM+k] ljok vkSj eV~Vh dh xkSvksa dks cuk vkSj ?kM+k ns] ty ykÅ¡xkA Potter ! Make a pitcher, an earthen cup and earthen cows. Give me the pitcher in which I will bring water.

48- rUrqok;izdj.ke~ 48. A Weaver 693- Hkks rUrqok; ! vL; lw=kL; ikV'kkV~;q".kh"kkf.k o;A vks dksjh ! bl lwr ds iVdk] lkM+h vkSj ixfM+;ka cquA Weaver ! Weave a sash, a saree and turbans from this yarn.

49- lwphdkjizdj.ke~ 49. A Tailor 694- Hkks ! lwP;k fda lhO;fl\ vks ! lwbZ ls D;k lhrk gS\ What are you stitching (=sewing) with the needle?

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695- f'kjksÄ~xj{k.kk/ksoL=kkf.k lhO;kfeA Vksih] vaxj[kk vkSj iktkek lhrk gw¡A

I stitch (= sew) caps, jackets and trousers.

50- fefJrizdj.ke~ 50. A Miscellaneous 696- Hkks dk#d! dVa o;A vjs pVkbZ okys! pVkbZ cquA Artisan ! Knit (=Make) a mat.

697- bes O;k/k e`xknhUi'kwu~ ?ufUrA ;s cgsfy;s gfju vkfn i'kqvksa dks ekjrs gSaA These hunters kill animals like deer, etc.

698- fdjkrk ous fuolfUrA fdjkr vFkkZr~ Hkhy yksx ou esa jgrs gSaA Bheels (=Tribals) live in the forest.

699- ldeykfu ljkafl dq=k lfUr\ deyokys rkykc dgka gSa\ Where are the tanks having lotus flowers.

700- bes rMkxk xzh"es 'kq";fUrA ;s lc rkykc xjeh esa lw[k tkrs gSaA These tanks go dry during summer season.

701- dwikTtyeku;A rw dq,a ls ty ykA

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Bring water from the well.

702- v| okI;ka LukrO;e~A vkt ckoM+h esa ugkuk pkfg;sA Today you should take bath in the water tank.

703- j×tdsu 'kr?uhHkq'kq.MÔkn;'pyfUrA ck:n ls canwd vkSj rksisa vkfn pyrh gSaA The guns and cannons work on gun powder.

704- v;a dEcyLRo;k dLekn~ x`ghr% dLeS iz;kstuk; p\ ;g dEcy rwus fdlls fy;k vkSj fdl iz;kstu ds fy;s\ From whom have you got this blanket and for what purpose?

705- d'ehjkPNhrfuokj.kk;A d'ehj ls] tkM+k NqM+kus ds fy;sA From Kashmir, for warding off cold.

706- i'; ek.kodk% ØhMfUrA ns[k] yM+ds [ksyrs gSaA Look, the boys are playing.

707- vfLeu~ x`gs foLrjkf.k Js"Bkfu lfUrA bl ?kj esa fcNkSus vPNs gSaA The bed clothes in this house are very fine.

708- bes pksjk% iyk;UrsA ;s pksj yksx Hkkxs tkrs gSaA

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These thieves are fleeing away ( = flee away).

709- r=k nL;qfHkjkxR; lo± /ua âre~A ogka Mkdw yksxksa us vkdj lc /u gj fy;kA The dacoits came there and grabbed all the money

710- =ksrkUrs ;qf/f"Bjkn;ks cHkwoq%A =ksrk ds vUr esa ;qf/f"Bjkfn gq, FksA Yudhishthira etc all were born at the end of treta era.

711- ee ikns d.Vd% izfo"V ,ueq¼jA esjs iSj esa dkaVk ?kql x;k] bldks fudkyA A thorn has stuck into my foot. Pull it out.

712- ds'kku~ laos'k;A ckyksa dks lEHkkyA Do (=Comb) your hair.

713- Hkks ukfir! u[kkf×NfU/ eq.M; f'kj% 'eJwf.k pA vks ukmQ! u[kksa dks dkV] f'kj eaMw vkSj ewN Hkh dkV MkyA Barber ! Pare my nails, shave my head and trim my moustache also.

714- v;a f'kYih izklkneR;qÙkea jp;frA ;g jkt vVkjh cgqr vPNh cukrk gSA This artisan (= architect) constructs very good houses (= palaces = mansions).

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715- v;a dksVikyks U;k;dkjh orZrsA ;g dksroky U;k;dkjh gSA This police officer is very just (= justice loving)

716- l rq /ekZRek uSokLR;U;k;dkfjRokr~A og dksroky rks /ekZRek ugha gS] vU;k;dkjh gksus lsA This police officer being unjust is not righteous.

717- ,rs jktefU=k.k% dq=k xPNfUr\ ;s jktk ds eU=kh yksx dgka tkrs gSa\ Where are these ministers of the king going?

718- jktlHkka U;k;dj.kk; ;kfUrA jktlHkk dks U;k; djus ds fy;sA They are going to the governing council for delivering justice.

719- HkksLrkEcwykfu nsfgA vks! iku nsA Well ! Give me a betel leaves.

720- nnkfeA nsrk gw¡A I (am going to) give it.

721- HkksLrSydkj! frysH;LrSya fu%lk;Z nsfgA vjs rsyh! fryksa ls rSy fudkydj nsA Oilman ! Extract oil from sesame seeds and give it (to me).

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722- nkL;kfeA nwxa kA

I shall give.

723- vjs jtd! oL=kkf.k iz{kkY; l|ks ns;kfuA vjs /ksch! diM+ksa dks /ksdj 'kh?kz nsukA Washerman ! Wash the clothes and give (them back) expeditiously.

724- dikVku~ c/kuA fdokM+ksa dks cUn djA Close the doors.

725- bnkuha izkr%dkyks tkr% dikVkuqn~?kkV;A bl le; losjk gqvk fdokM+ksa dks [kksyA Now it is morning. Open the doors.

726- losZ ;q¼k; lTtk HkoUrqA lc flikgh yksx yM+kbZ ds fy;s rS;kj gksaA All should get ready for the war.

727- vfFkZizR;fFkZukS jktx`gs ;qè;srsA eqíbZ vkSj eqík;ys dpgjh esa yM+rs gSaA The plaintiff and the respondent are fighting in the court.

728- fdfe;a xks/weku~ fiuf"V\ D;k ;g xsgqvksa dks ihlrh gS\ Does she grind wheat?

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729- dqrks¿| nqxsZ 'kr?U;'pyfUr\ D;ksa vkt fdys esa rksisa pyrh gSa\ Why are cannons firing in the fort?

730- rsu Hkq'kq.MÔk flagks gr%A mlus cUnwd ls ck?k dks ekjkA He killed a tiger with a gun.

731- rsuk¿fluk rL; f'kjf"NÂe~A mlus ryokj ls mldk flj dkV MkykA He cut his head with a sword.

732- v×tua fdeFkZeuf{k\ v×tu fdlfy;s vkatrk gS\ Why do you apply collyrium (= eye powder)?

733- n`f"Vo`¼;sA n`f"V c<+kus ds fy;sA For increasing eye-sight.

734- mikugkS /`Rok Do xPNfl\ twrs ifgu ds dgka tkrk gS\ Where are you going after wearing shoes?

735- tÄ~xye~A taxy dksA To the forest.

736- fda LFkkY;keksnua ipfl lwia ok\ D;k cVqos esa Hkkr idkrk gS] ok nky\

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Do you cook rice or pulses in this earthen pot?

737- dVkgs 'kkda ipA dM+kgh esa rjdkjh idkA Cook the vegetable dish in the cauldron.

738- fo#¼a ofn";fl psÙkfgZ rs nUrkaL=kksVf;";kfeA fo#¼ cksysxk rks rsjs nkar rksM+ MkywaxkA If you speak against me, I will break your teeth.

739- ro firqLrq lkeF;± ukHkwr~ ro rq dk dFkkA rsjs cki dk rks lkeF;Z u gqvk] rsjh rks D;k ckr gSA Even your father didn't have the courage (= the capacity), not to speak of you.

740- ;su iztk ikY;rs l dFk Lox± xPNsr~\ ftlus iztk dk ikyu fd;k] og LoxZ dks D;ksa u tk;s\ Why should he not go to heaven who nurtures and nourishes his people (= subjects)?

741- ;ks jkT;a ihM;sRl dFk ujds irsr~\ tks jkT; dks ihM+k nsos og D;ksa ujd esa u iM+s\ Why should he not go to hell who torments and tortures his subjects (=people)?

742- ;sus'oj mikL;rs rL; foKkua dqrks u o¼sZr\ tks bZ'oj dh mikluk djs] mldk foKku D;ksa u c<+s\

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Why should his knowledge not increase who approaches God with a prayer?

743- ;% ijksidkjh l lrra dFk lq[kh Hkosr~\ tks ijksidkjh gS og loZnk lq[kh D;ksa u gksos\ Why should one who is a philanthropist (=works for the welfare of others) not remain happy continuously?

744- vL;ka e×tw"kk;ka fdefLr\ bl lanwd esa D;k gS\ What is there in this box?

745- oL=k/usA diM+k vkSj /uA Clothes and money.

746- bnkuhefi dqEH;ka /kU;a oÙkZrs u ok\ vc dksBh esa v gS ;k ugha\ Are there grains or not in this granary now?

747- LoYiefLrA FkksM+k lk gSA Only a small quantity is there.

748- Roekylh fr"Bfl dqrks uks|ksxa djksf"k\ rw vkylh jgrk gS] m|ksx D;ksa ugha djrk\ You are lazy. Why don't you work hard?

749- mHk;=k izdk'kk; nsgY;ka nhia fuèksfgA nksuksa vksj mft;kyk gksus ds fy;s njokts ij fn;k

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/jA

Put the lamp on the threshold for light on both the sides.

750- rsu pekZflH;ka 'krsu lg ;q¼a d`re~A mlus <ky vkSj ryokj ls lkS iq#"kksa ds lkFk ;q¼ fd;kA He fought against one hundred people with a sword and a shield.

751- vfrFkhu~ lsols u ok\ vfrfFk;ksa dh lsok djrk gS ;k ugha\ Do you wait on ( = serve) the guests or not?

752- izs{kklekta ek xPNA dHkh esys rek'ks esa er tkA Never visit (= attend) a fair pageant.

753- |wrlekà;kS dnkfi uSo lsouh;kSA tks vizk.kh dks nko ij /j ds [ksyuk og |wr] vkSj izk.kh dks nko ij /j ds [ksyuk og lekà; dgkrk gS mldks dHkh u lsouk pkfg;sA One should never indulge in gambling of either type -- one laying wager on humans, and the other on non-humans and non-living things.

754- ;ks e|iks¿fLr rL; cqf¼% dFka u ßlsr~\ tks e| ihusokyk gS mldh cqf¼ D;ksa u U;wu gksos\ Why should the sagacity of the drunkard not

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weaken?

755- ;ks O;fHkpjsRl #X.k% dFka u tk;sr\ tks O;fHkpkj djs og jksxh D;ksa u gksos\ Why should a debauchee not fall ill?

756- ;ks ftrsfUnz;% l lo± drq± dqrks u 'kDuq;kr~\ tks ftrsfUnz; gS og lc mÙke dke D;ksa u dj lds\ Why should a chaste person not be able to do all (good) work.

757- ;ksxkH;kl% d`rks ;su KkunhfIrHkZosÂj%A ftlus ;ksx dk vH;kl fd;k gS og Kku izdk'k ls ;qDr gksosA May the man who has carried out practice as per yoga dicta (= dictums) be enlightened with knowledge!

758- oL=kiwra tya is;a eu%iwra lekpjsr~A oL=k ls ifo=k fd;k ty ihuk pkfg;s vkSj eu ls 'kq¼ tkuk gqvk dke djuk pkfg;sA One should drink (only) that water which has been filtered through cloth, and should do only that work which has been accepted by one's conscience (=mind).

759- l HkzkUrkS dnkfi u irsr~\ og Hkzetky esa dHkh ugha fxjsA May he never become a victim of delusion!

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760- v;a okpkyks¿LR;rks cjcjk;rsA ;g cgqr cksyus okyk gS blh dkj.k cM+cM+krk gSA

He is very talkative and so murmurs and mutters.

761- Hkwferys fdefLr\ Hkwfe ds uhps D;k gS\ What is there under the earth?

762- euq";kn;%A euq"; vkfnA Humans, etc.

763- ;% in~H;ka Hkzefr lks¿jksxks tk;rsA tks iSjksa ls pyrk gS og jksx jfgr gksrk gSA One who moves about on foot remains free from disease.

764- O;tusu ok;qa dq#A ia[ks ls ok;q (gok) djA Move air by waving a fan (= with a fan.)

765- fda ?kekZnkxrks¿fl ;r~ Losnks tkrks¿fLrA D;k ?kke ls vk;k gS tks ilhuk gks jgk gS\ Are you coming from scorching sunshine that you are sweating?

766- LoLFks 'kjhjs fuR;a LukRok fera HkksÙkQO;e~A vPNs 'kjhj esa jkst ugk ds FkksM+k [kkuk pkfg;sA When in a healthy body, take a light meal after

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taking bath.

767- tyok;w 'kq¼kS lsouh;kSA ifo=k ty vkSj ok;q dk lsou djuk pkfg;sA One should take purified (= pure) water and breathe in fresh air.

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I eat it in combination with ghee, milk and sweets.

774- Ro;keziQykfu pwf"krkfu u ok\ rwus vke pwls ;k ugha\ Have you eaten (= sucked) mangoes or not?

768- loZrqZds 'kq¼s x`gs fuoluh;e~A tks lc ½rqvksa esa lq[k nsusokyk 'kq¼ ?kj gks mlh esa jguk pkfg;sA

775- mokZ#diQykU;=k e/qjkf.k tk;UrsA [kjcwts ds iQy ;gka ehBs gksrs gSaA

One should live in a clean and comfortable house in all seasons.

776- b{kqH;ks xqMkfnda fu"i|rsA mQ[k ls xqM+ vkfn cuk;s tkrs gSaA

769- uSo dsufpUefyukfu oL=kkf.k èkk;kZf.kA fdlh dks Hkh eSys diM+s ifguus u pkfg;saA No one should put on unclean clothes.

770- ro dk fpdh"kkZfLr\ rsjh D;k djus dh bPNk gS\ What do you want to do?

771- x`ga xRok HkksDrqe~A ?kj tkds [kkus dhA (I want) to go home and take food.

772- Roa lDrqa HkqÄ~{ks u ok\ rw lÙkw [kkrk gS ;k ugha\ Do you eat sattu or not?

773- ?k`rnqX/fe"VS% lgk¿fn~eA ?kh] nw/ vkSj ehBs ds lkFk [kkrk gw¡A

Here the melons are sweet

Jaggery, etc. are made from sugar cane.

777- bnkuhekd.Ba nqX/a ihra e;kA bl le; xys rd eSaus nw/ fi;kA Now I have taken milk which is brimming upto my throat.

778- rØa nsfgA eBk nsA Give me butter milk.

779- nqX/a ficA nw/ ihA Take milk.

780- v=k 'osrk 'kdZjk orZrsA ;gka lisQn phuh gSA

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Here there is sugar of white colour.

781- v;a #P;k nèukSnua HkqÄ~DrsA ;g izhfr ls ngh ds lkFk Hkkr [kkrk gSA He relishes rice with curd.

782- v| eksndk HkqÙkQk u ok\ vkt yM~Mw [kk;s ;k ugha\ Have you eaten laddoos or not today?

783- Ro;k dnkfpRd`'kjk HkqÙkQk u ok\ rwus dHkh f[kpM+h [kkbZ gS ;k ugha\ Have you ever eaten khichri or not?

784- e;k¿iwik Hkf{krk%A eSaus ekyiwos [kk;s gSaA I have eaten maalpuas.

785- l'kdZja nqX/a is;e~A 'kDdj ds lfgr nw/ ihuk pkfg;sA We should take sugary milk (=milk with sugar added to it).

786- ;su /eZ% lsO;rs l ,o lq[kh tk;rsA tks /eZ dk lsou djuk gS ogh lq[kh gksrk gSA One who practises righteousness alone remains happy.

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51- ys[;ys[kdizdj.ke~ 51. Topics and Authors 787- euq";ks ys[kkH;kla lE;d~ dq;kZr~A euq"; fy[kus dk vH;kl vPNh izdkj djsA A person should carry out proper practice in writing.

788- v;eR;qÙkee{kjfoU;kla djksfrA ;g vR;qÙke v{kj fy[krk gSA He writes letters of the alphabet very beautifully.

789- ys[kuha lEikn;A dye cukvksA Mend a reed pen.

790- elhik=keku;A nokr ykA Bring an inkpot.

791- iqLrda fy[kA iksFkh fy[kA Write a book.

792- r=k i=ka fyf[kRok izsf"kra u ok\ ogka fpV~Bh fy[kdj Hksth ;k ugha\ Have you written and posted the letter or not?

793- izsf"kra i×p fnukfu O;rhrkfu rL; izR;qÙkjeI;kxre~A

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Hksth] ikap fnu&chrs] mldk tokc Hkh vk x;kA I have posted. Five days have since passed (=I posted it five days ago). Even its reply has been received (= come).

794- lqo.kkZ{kjkf.k fyf[krqa tkukfl u ok\ lqugjh v{kj fy[kus tkurk gS ;k ugha\ Do you know how to write golden letters or not?

795- tkukfe rq ijUrq lkexzhl×p;us ys[kus p foyEcks HkofrA tkurk rks gw¡ ijUrq pht bdV~Bh djus vkSj fy[kus esa nsj gksrh gSA I know how to. But it takes me a lot of time to collect the material and (then) write.

796- ;|axq"BrtZuhH;ka ys[kuha x`ghRok eè;eksifj laLFkkI; fy[ksÙkfgZ iz'kLrks ys[kks tk;srA tks vaxwBk rtZuh vaxqyh ls dye dks idM+dj chpyh vaxqyh ij j[kdj fy[ks rks cgqr vPNk ys[k gksoAs If we hold the reed pen between the thumb and the fore finger, and put it on the middle finger, the result will be very beautiful handwriting.

797- v;erho 'kh?kza fy[kfrA ;g vR;Ur tYnh fy[krk gSA

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He writes very fast.

798- ,rL; ys[kuh eUnk pyfrA bldh ys[kuh /hjs pyrh gSA His pen moves very slowly.

799- ;fn Roesdkga lrra fy[ksLrfgZ fd;r% 'yksdkafYyf[krqa 'kDuq;k%\ ;fn rw ,d fnu fujUrj fy[ks rks fdrus 'yksd fy[k lds\ If you write continuously for a day how many shlokas (= verses) can you write?

800- i×p'krkfuA ikap lkSA Five hundred.

801- ;fn f'k{kka x`ghRok 'kuS% 'kuSfyZf[krqeH;L;sÙkáZ{kjk.kka lqUnja Lo:ia Li"Vrk p tk;srA ;fn f'k{kk xzg.k djds /hjs&/hjs fy[kus dk vH;kl djs rks v{kjksa dk fnO; Lo:i vkSj Li"Vrk gksosA If, having received training, you practise writing slowly the form of letters may become beautiful and clear.

802- vfLaeYyk{kkjls dTtya lEesfyra u ok\ bl yk[k ds jl esa dTty feyk;k gS ;k ugha\ Have you added black powder or not to the juice of lac.

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803- esfyra rq U;wua [kyq oÙkZrsA feyk;k rks gS ijUrq FkksM+k gSA It has, of course, been mixed but only in a small quantity.

804- euq " ;S ; kZ n ` ' k% iBukH;kl% fØ;s r rkn` ' k ,o ys[kukH;klks¿fi dÙkZO;%A euq"; yksx tSlk i<+us dk vH;kl djsa oSlk gh fy[kus dk Hkh djuk pkfg;sA Men should carry out as much of practice in writing as they do in reading.

805- e;k osniqLrda ys[kf;rO;eLR;sdsu :I;s.k fd;r% 'yksdku~ nkL;fl\ eq>dks osn dk iqLrd fy[kkuk gS] ,d #i;s ls fdrus 'yksd nsxk\ I am to write a book on the Vedas. How many shlokas (= verses) will you give for one rupee?

806- vR;qÙkekfu xzgh";fl psÙkfgZ 'kr=k;a eè;ekfu psPNri×pde~A tks cgqr vPNs yksxs rks rhu lkS vkSj eè;e yksxs rks ikap lkSA Three hundred, if you (want to) take verses of the best quality and five hundred, if of the medium quality.

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807- lk/kj.kkfu psRlgd¢ 'yksdku~ nkL;kfeA ;fn cgqr lk/kj.k ok ?kfV;k yksxs rks gtkj 'yksd nwx¡ kA If you (want to) take shlokas of an ordinary quality, then I shall give you one thousand verses.

808- 'kr=k;eso xzgh";kfe ijURoR;qÙkea fyf[kRok nkL;fl psr~A rhu lkS gh ywaxk ijUrq cgqr vPNk fy[kdj nsxk rksA I shall take only three hundred provided you give them to me after writing them excellently.

809- ojesoa dfj";kfeA vPNk] ,slk gh d:axkA All right! I shall do as desired.

52- eUrO;keUrO;izdj.ke~ 52. Beliefs and Non-beliefs 810- Roa txRd"Vkja lfPpnkuUnLo:ia ijes'oja eU;ls u ok\ rw bl lalkj ds cukus okys lfPpr~ vkSj vkuUnLo:i ijes'oj dks ekurk gS ;k ugha\ Do you have faith in God who is the creator of this world and who has been ever existent, who

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is conscious and who is in full bliss?

811- v;a ukfLrdRokr~ LoHkkokr~ l`"VÔqRifÙka eRos'oja u LohdjksfrA ;g euq"; ukfLrd gksus ls LoHkko ls l`f"V dh mRifÙk dks ekudj bZ'oj dks ugha ekurkA He does not believe in the existence of God due to his being an atheist, and due to his belief that the cosmos gets created due to its own nature (of getting automatically created).

812- ;|;a dr`Z d k;Z j pdjpukfo'ks " kku~ la l kjs fuf'puq;kÙkáZo';a ijekRekua eU;srA tks ;g ukfLrd dÙkkZ fØ;k cukus gkjk vkSj cukoV dks bl txr~ esa fu'p; djs rks vo'; bZ'oj dks ekusA He would surely accept God's existence if he were to apply to this world the principle of creator and creation.

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of) the Creator as one does in the case of the maker after seeing the created things?

814- ;=kksÙkek /kfeZdk vkfLrdk fo}kalks¿è;kidk mins"Vkj'p L;qLr=k dks¿fi dnkfpÂkfLrdks Hkforqa uSokgsZrA tgka Js"B /ekZRek vkfLrd fo}ku~ yksx i<+kus okys vkSj mins'kd gksa] ogka dksbZ Hkh euq"; ukfLrd dHkh ugha gks ldrkA No one can ever be an atheist there where there are good, righteous, theistic, scholarly teachers and preceptors.

815- dS% deZfHkeqZfÙkQHkZofr rnk Do olfr r=k fda HkqT;rs p\ fdu deks± ls eqfÙkQ gksrh gS] ml le; dgka okl djrs vkSj ogka D;k Hkksxrs gSa\ Which actions lead one to salvation? Where does the soul live then (= during the period of salvation)? What pleasure or pain is experienced there (by the soul)?

813- ;ks¿=k l`"VkS jfprjpuka i';fr l tho% dkÕ;ZoRÏ"Vkja dqrks u eU;sr\ tks bl l`f"V esa cus gq, inkFkks± dh cukoV dks izR;{k ns[krk gS og tSls dkjhxjh dks ns[k ds dkjhxj dk fu'p; djrs gSa oSls txr ds cukus okys ijekRek dks D;ksa u ekus\

816- /E;SZ% deksZiklukfoKkuSeqZfÙkQtkZ;rs] rnkuha czãf.k fuolfUr ijekuUna p lsoUrsA /eZ;qÙkQ deZ] mikluk vkSj foKku ls eks{k gksrk gS] ml le; czã esa ;qÙkQ tho jgrs vkSj ije vkuUn dk lsou djrs gSaA

Why should one not believe in (the existence

Salvation is achieved by virtue of righteous

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actions, devotion to God, and correct knowledge. Then the souls live in God enjoying complete bliss.

817- eks{ka izkI; r=k lnk olURokgksfLor~ dnkfpÙkrks fuo`R; iqutZUeej.ks izkIuqofUr\ tho eqfÙkQ dks izkIr gksds ogka lnk jgrs gSa vFkok dHkh ogka ls fuo`Ùk gksdj iqu% tUe vkSj ej.k dks izkIr gksrs gSa\ Do the souls after having attained salvation live there (absorbed in God) for ever or do they come back from there and again pass through (the cycle of) births and deaths?

818- izkIreks{kk thokLr=k loZnk u olfUr] fdUrq egkdYii;ZUreFkkZn~ czkãek;q;kZoÙkkoÙk=kksf"kRok¿¿uUna HkqDRok iqutZUeej.ks izkIuqoUR;soA eqfÙkQdks izkIr gq, tho ogka loZnk ugha jgrs] fdUrq ftruk czkã dYi dk ifjek.k gS mrus le; rd czã esa okl dj vkuUn Hkksx ds fiQj tUe vkSj ej.k dks vo'; izkIr gksrs gSaA Having attained salvation the souls do not live there for ever. Instead, they again do enter into the cycle of births and deaths after having lived for one Brahma kalp, and after having enjoyed full bliss.

bfr Jheí;kuUnljLorhLokfeuk fufeZr% laLd`rokD;izcks/ukedks fucU/% lekIr%AA Here ends the book entitled Sanskrit vakya prabodhah Written by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.