Design Dissertation

DESIGN DISSERTATION (Stage-1)

TOPIC

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTRE AT BENGALURU

SUBMITTED BY

SANJANA KRIPALANI Fifth Year- Sem. IX, B. Arch Dr D.Y. Patil College of Architecture (Affiliated to Mumbai University) Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------

October 2020 i

Certificate This is to certify that

Ms. Sanjana Sunil Kripalani A final year bonafide student of Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Architecture has completed to my satisfaction his / her Design Dissertation - Stage 1, entitled

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION AND EXHIBITON CENTRE at Bengaluru under my guidance in October 2020

Signature of Guide

Signature of Co-Guide

Prof. Sanjay Chaudhari

Prof.

Signature of Principal

Stamp of College:

Prof. Vishwas Gupta

Date: Month. Date, 2020 ii

DECLARATION I hereby declare that this written submission entitled “International Convention and Exhibition Centre at Bengaluru” represents my ideas in my own words and has not been taken from the work of others (as from books, articles, essays, dissertations, other media and online); and where others’ ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. Direct quotations from books, journal articles, internet sources, other texts, or any other source whatsoever are acknowledged and the source cited are identified in the dissertation references.

No material other than that cited and listed has been used.

I have read and know the meaning of plagiarism* and I understand that plagiarism, collusion, and copying are grave and serious offences in the university and accept the consequences should I engage in plagiarism, collusion or copying.

I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact source in my submission.

This work, or any part of it, has not been previously submitted by me or any other person for assessment on this or any other course of study.

Signature of the Student: Name of the Student: Sanjana Kripalani Exam Roll No: 16050 Date:

Place:

*The following defines plagiarism: “Plagiarism” occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any other person (including another student) or of any institution. Examples of forms of plagiarism include: • the verbatim (word for word) copying of another’s work without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; • the close paraphrasing of another’s work by simply changing a few words or altering the order of presentation, without appropriate and correctly presented acknowledgement; • unacknowledged quotation of phrases from another’s work; • the deliberate and detailed presentation of another’s concept as one’s own.

• “Another’s work” covers all material, including, for example, written work, diagrams, designs, charts, photographs, musical compositions and pictures, from all sources, including, for example, journals, books, dissertations and essays and online resources.

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ABSTRACT The project ‘International Convention and exhibition centre at Bengaluru’ aims to develop a convention and exhibition centre for organizing various events throughout the year. This book consists of various studies that are essential for the functioning of this project. It includes basic descriptions, various factors to be considered for designing, project brief, case studies and their analysis, site study and its analysis, etc. Results and recommendations later will create crucial parameters for the further design process. Bengaluru lacks urban spaces that are people-friendly and social with the rapid urbanization and business industry growth. A brief study of Bengaluru and its functioning in terms of the business sector and various other factors are included. All the study in this book shall help in the design stage later.

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CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 SCOPE OF WORK .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 NEED FOR THE TOPIC (JUSTIFICATION OF TOPIC) ........................................ 2 1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Objectives .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION .................................................................... 4 2. BACKGROUND STUDY .............................................................................................. 7 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO CONVENTION CENTRE ................................................... 7 2.1.1 What is a convention centre? .............................................................................. 7 2.1.2 Types of convention centres: .............................................................................. 7 2.2 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF CONVENTION CENTRES ............................. 8 2.2.1 History of conventions ........................................................................................ 8 2.2.2 Evolution and Need............................................................................................. 8 2.3 INTRODUCTION TO MICE INDUSTRY ............................................................... 9 2.3.1 Mice Segments: ................................................................................................... 9 2.4 MICE GLOBAL ....................................................................................................... 10 2.5 MICE INDIA............................................................................................................ 12 2.6 MICE BENGALURU .............................................................................................. 15 2.6.3 Bengaluru - Need for Convention and Exhibition Centre ................................ 17 2.6.4 Impact of the project: ........................................................................................ 17 2.7 INTRODUCTION TO EXHIBITION CENTRE ..................................................... 18 2.7.1 What is an Exhibition Centre? .......................................................................... 18 2.7.2 Types of Exhibitions ......................................................................................... 18 3. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................... 20 3.1 Defying convention centres ...................................................................................... 20 3.2 Is it time to stop building convention centres? ......................................................... 21 3.3 Mice India – Growing popularity ............................................................................. 22 3.4 PLANNING OF CONVENTION CENTRE............................................................ 22 3.4.1 Entrance ............................................................................................................ 23 3.4.2 Circulation planning.......................................................................................... 25 3.4.3 Public movement pattern for a convention centre ............................................ 28 v

3.4.4 Ratio of space .................................................................................................... 29 3.4.5 Pre-function areas ............................................................................................. 29 3.4.6 Types of rooms ................................................................................................. 30 3.4.7 Spaces and Facilities ......................................................................................... 31 3.4.8 Rationalize: Multipurpose Use ......................................................................... 32 3.4.9 Entrance Halls ................................................................................................... 32 3.4.10 Services ........................................................................................................... 33 3.5 PLANNING OF AUDITORIUM............................................................................. 34 3.5.1 General design standards .................................................................................. 34 3.5.2 Sightlines for a seated audience ........................................................................ 41 3.5.3 Ceiling requirements ......................................................................................... 42 3.6 PLANNING OF EXHIBITION CENTRE ............................................................... 43 3.6.1 Range of activities............................................................................................. 43 3.6.2 Characteristics of trade fairs and consumer exhibitions ................................... 43 3.6.3 Development of Exhibition Centres.................................................................. 45 3.6.4 Exhibition Operation ......................................................................................... 46 3.6.5 Access and Storage ........................................................................................... 47 3.6.6 Planning and design .......................................................................................... 48 4. CASE STUDIES ........................................................................................................... 51 4.1 VANCOUVER CONVENTION CENTRE ............................................................. 51 4.1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 51 4.1.2 Purpose of case study: ....................................................................................... 51 4.1.3 Project Program: ............................................................................................... 52 4.1.4 West wing: ........................................................................................................ 52 4.1.5 East wing ........................................................................................................... 56 4.1.6 Outdoor Plazas .................................................................................................. 58 4.1.7 Design features: ................................................................................................ 59 4.1.8 Inference: .......................................................................................................... 60 4.2 SANDS EXPO AND CONVENTION CENTRE .................................................... 62 4.2.1 Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 62 4.2.2 Purpose of case study: ....................................................................................... 62 4.2.3 Concept: ............................................................................................................ 63 4.2.4 Project Program: ............................................................................................... 63 vi

4.2.5 Inference: .......................................................................................................... 71 4.3 MAHATMA MANDIR CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTRE .............. 73 4.3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 74 4.3.2 Accessibility:..................................................................................................... 75 4.3.3 Site and surroundings:....................................................................................... 75 4.3.5 Circulation pattern: ........................................................................................... 76 4.3.7 Zoning of spaces: .............................................................................................. 77 4.3.8 Orientation of building:..................................................................................... 77 4.3.10 Design: ............................................................................................................ 81 4.3.11 Inferences: ....................................................................................................... 83 4.4 HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE (HICC) .............. 84 4.4.1 Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 84 4.4.2 Accessibility:..................................................................................................... 85 4.4.3 Site and its surroundings: .................................................................................. 85 4.4.4 Zoning of spaces: .............................................................................................. 88 4.4.5 Planning of the complex: .................................................................................. 88 4.5.6 Inference: .......................................................................................................... 91 5.FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDIES .................................................. 91 6.DESIGN BRIEF AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................ 95 6.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................ 95 6.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................... 95 6.3 DESIGN BRIEF ....................................................................................................... 96 7. SITE ............................................................................................................................ 104 7.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA: ............................................................................ 104 7.1.1 Strength: .......................................................................................................... 104 7.1.2 Accessibility (modes of transport): ................................................................. 105 7.1.3 Opportunities: ................................................................................................. 105 7.1.4 Geography: ...................................................................................................... 106 7.2 DESCRIPTION OF SITE: ..................................................................................... 107 7.2.1 Location of site: .............................................................................................. 107 7.2.2 About Bengaluru Signature Business Park (BSBP)........................................ 110 7.2.3 Accessibility:................................................................................................... 111 7.3 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: .................................................................................. 113 vii

7.3.1 Sun Path: ......................................................................................................... 113 7.3.2 Temperature: ................................................................................................... 114 7.3.3 Wind direction and speed: .............................................................................. 117 7.4 SITE DETAILS: ..................................................................................................... 119 7.4.1 Topography: .................................................................................................... 119 7.4.2 Flora and Fauna: ............................................................................................. 121 7.4.3 Stormwater drainage ....................................................................................... 121 7.4.4 Portable water line .......................................................................................... 122 7.4.5 Site Images: ..................................................................................................... 123 7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS: ............................................................................................... 123 7.5.1 Strength: .......................................................................................................... 123 7.5.2 Weakness: ....................................................................................................... 123 7.5.3 Opportunities: ................................................................................................. 124 7.5.4 Threats: ........................................................................................................... 124 7.6 DESIGN OBJECTIVES W.R.T SITE ................................................................... 125 8.ANNEXURE ................................................................................................................ 126 8.1 Tender notice .......................................................................................................... 126 8.2 List of figures ......................................................................................................... 126 8.3 List of tables ........................................................................................................... 129 8.4. Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 129 8.4.1 Websites: ......................................................................................................... 129 8.4.2 Research papers and articles: .......................................................................... 130

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1. INTRODUCTION A convention centre is a large building that can gather a huge number of individuals and groups who share common interests. It can hold up to several thousand attendees. A convention centre is a built facility dedicated to hosting various political and social gatherings, major trade shows, seminars, workshops, business meets, international and national conferences, tourist activities, performing arts, and large-scale social gatherings.

These centres are usually placed in major cities that are economic, political, cultural hubs of the nation. An exhibition centre is another built entity that supplements the convention centre. Exhibitions portrayed can be permanent, semi-permanent, or temporary.

India is a developing nation with upcoming smart cities and growth potential globally. India is an emerging market in the MICE industry. MICE is an acronym for the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions tourism segment. There are hundreds of meetings and conventions that take place at ASEAN meets, MICE meets, global meets and Asian market meets. Most of these conventions take place in countries like the USA, UK, Spain, Germany, France, etc. India stands 35th in the world for holding 116 global conferences after the USA being the number one, followed by Germany, Spain, UK, France, and other countries to the west. China, Singapore, and Thailand are ahead of India in terms of holding such meets. India is one of the fastest-growing and developing economies is unable to hold such conferences only because of one reason- India does not have a convention centre that can hold a conference of that volume and cater to international standards.

Government to government events and business to business events require spaces to hold large conferences and meetings. An international convention and exhibition centre will influence everything in context to its surroundings- A huge growth in local tourism, handicraft sales, catering market, transport systems, employment opportunities, global acknowledgement and knowledge transfer, regional and state development, trade exchange, and most importantly, business tourism.

The function of an international convention centre would be to expand the meeting facility and create a platform for all sorts of events, big and small and to make a name in the global market. It can lead to the development of population and business growth which in turn will lead to economic development by employing along with revenue into the nation.

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1.1 SCOPE OF WORK The scope of this project is to design an International Convention and Exhibition Centre with state-of-the-art facilities. The project would be exceedingly large as the footfall expected would be in thousands. This project would mainly consist of meeting and convention spaces along with exhibition spaces that would be according to international standards. Both convention and exhibition spaces shall be flexible to incorporate megaevents. Recreational and pre-functional spaces for public interaction. The complex would also be blended with food and beverage outlets, retail facilities, cafes and restaurants, an Amphitheatre, auditoriums, and more to bring together a landmark like structure, renowned internationally. The project is located right next to the Kempe-Gowda International airport at Bengaluru which would attract locals from Bengaluru, people from all over India as well as international travellers globally. The project would attract an enormous number of people and hence, parking, traffic management (inside the site as well as outside), crowd management would be a major role. The design interpretation is to design spaces that will look at the holistic development on a macro level as well as the micro-level.

1.2 NEED FOR THE TOPIC (JUSTIFICATION OF TOPIC) On a smaller scale, organizations require infrastructure (offices) to operate. Similarly, or a larger scale, a state or a country requires infrastructure to speed up the business industry and in turn the economy. A financial hub contributes to the economic development of a region by ensuring support to the locals, boosting tourism, increasing revenues of businesses and industries, and in turn increasing the revenue of a state and the nation.

Infrastructure and amenities are required for a financial hub which gives rise to a Convention and Exhibition Centre.

Globalization has hit the world and exchange of ideas and knowledge is a major part of it.

The world has developed superpower nations, developed nations that have phenomenal infrastructures to hold meetings and conventions on massive scales. India is a developing nation where we do not have such facilities yet. National level conventions take place in a few cities like Hyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai. But international conventions that require specific requirements mostly to house a few thousands of people at one time is still not available. India thus is lacking behind in holding international conventions.

In the present-day world, the rapid development of cities is a cause of all-round growth of sectors like population, infrastructure, businesses, industries, etc. In a developing nation 2

like India, there is a need for International Convention Centres to be built in major cities to increase the revenue of the state and in turn, increase the revenue of the country.

The MICE Industry (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions) is an increasingly significant element in the future growth of the global economy. This is because meetings produce business travellers, the spread of knowledge and professional practices across different industries, and key in building better understanding and relations among different regions, cultures and nations.

MICE India is India is a constantly upgrading and emerging service industry which is valued for its high growth potential, innovations, opportunities for employment, industry associations, etc. Hence, the infrastructure development and need for convention centres arise.

Bengaluru is a megacity that is the third most populated city in India. It is a major hub for multiple businesses, start-ups and especially the IT sector. It is said that Bengaluru will hit one of the highest GDP growths in India by the year 2035 from 6.8% (currently) to 8.5%(2035) As Bengaluru does not have the facility to house events on a large scale, the need for an International Convention Centre arises. Karnataka government with the help of KSIIDC (Karnataka State Industrial & Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited) intends to develop an International Convention Centre at Bengaluru.

As a result, this project is the need of the hour. Here, not only people from Bengaluru, other places in Karnataka, and other states of India can gather and conduct meetings, conventions, exhibitions and earn various experiences. This centre will cater to all needs of public and private events. It will encourage tourism, cultural exchanges and activities and other socio-economic factors which will be detailed out further.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 1.3.1 Aim This project aims to create an International Convention and Exhibition Centre which is entirely self-contained and integrated. A sustainable, iconic structure with remarkable infrastructure that caters to all types of users from locals to big businesses. The project shall have a variety of flexible spaces where meetings, exhibitions and conferences can be held.

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1.3.2. Objectives ● To understand large scale events and exhibitions held and design spaces in terms of the size and character of each space. ● To design flexible exhibition and conference areas to provide capacity for hosting larger conventions/conferences currently untouched by the Indian convention centres due to capacity constraints. ● To enhance the platform for interaction and communication by creating acoustically pleasant spaces. ● To create spaces for social, economic and cultural gatherings for the pubic by making the design interactive and creating interesting landscape features. ● To create an architectural landmark for Bengaluru city by using sustainable strategies and adopting international standards for design. ● To utilize the maximum area of the land available by creating flexible facilities for multipurpose uses. ● To design in a futuristic manner so that unlike earlier designs that were barely used throughout the year, this design could be used more frequently.

1.4 ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTION ● Various events will be catered by the convention and exhibition centre. From small scale meetings to large scale meetings, from small scale exhibitions to large scale exhibition. The project shall have spaces dedicated for seminars, conferences, conventions, exhibitions, etc that shall have flexible layouts. ● As the Convention centre shall not be accessed and used throughout the year, all day every day, sustainable factors shall be thought about. Basic factors like landscaping, surface run-off water, etc and their maintenance as well as Advanced factors like wastewater management, sewage treatment plant management, etc shall be provided. ● The convention and exhibition centre shall be used for multiple purposes like marriages, concerts, cultural functions, trade shows, festivals, fashion events, talk shows, or other local interests. The design shall be easily workable. ● This project would also cater to other spaces other than traditional spaces. For instance, canteens, food courts, food stalls, cafes, restaurants, fine-dining, lounges, and rooftops. ● Innovative construction techniques and services for air conditioning, adequate power supply, telecommunication facilities, flexible layout planning, column-less structures, differently-abled design, etc shall be incorporated. ● The footfall expected is in thousands (approximately 6000-8000 people). Crowd management and circulation are a salient feature to be integrated into the design.

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● Parking and internal roads play a significant role. Support facilities and on-site infrastructure like load in, load out of commodities, access to various parts of the site, an adequate amount of parking for users and employees. ● Interactive spaces like central gardens, open-prefunctional areas, amphitheatres, rooftops, etc. would be added. ● During non-event days or dark days, the design shall be so flexible that it can incorporate any sort of event. For example, it could be turned into a makeshift hospital during times of a pandemic. ● Bengaluru is a megacity which is the third most populated city of India. It is called the ‘Silicon Valley of India’ and the ‘IT capital of India. It is also known for its greenery and called the Garden city of India as it is one of the greenest cities of India. The economy of Bengaluru is an important part of the economy of India as a whole and contributes over 87% to the economy of the State of Karnataka, accounting for 98% of the Software Exports of the State. One of the important factors spurring Bangalore's growth was heavy state government investment in Bangalore's public sector industries. ● The economy of Bengaluru is solid as it houses loads of IT companies and startups.

As the site is located right next to Bengaluru Airport (Kempe-Gowda International airport) There are many benefits around the site. It is located in the development of BSBP(Bengaluru Signature Business Park) where many other developments like an aerospace museum, hotels, research and development infrastructure, IT hubs, Incubator Hub, Commercial offices, Aviation School and Business centre, etc are upcoming. ● The International Convention and Exhibition Centre shall be a tourist attraction as well as an iconic landmark. It is a Public-Private Partnership Basis project. The site can be easily accessed by tourists landing at the airport. ● The construction of this project shall have an immense development of social, economic and well as cultural impact. It shall mesmerize the business travellers as well as the visitors. The project shall be used by local people to showcase their artwork, or any other forms of cultural activities like festivals, marriages, etc.

Economically, Business to business and well as Government to business type of meetings and conventions could be conducted here. ● Furthermore, the main focus of the convention centre would be to focus on large scale events, hosting international, national and regional seminars, workshops,

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conferences, exhibitions, trade shows, concerts, etc. Events ranging from a single day to multiple days shall be conducted here. ● The development of this project shall change the current normal around the site.

People would get more job opportunities as there would be more restaurants, hotels, entertainment spaces, shopping malls, more residential development, etc.

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2. BACKGROUND STUDY 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO CONVENTION CENTRE 2.1.1 What is a convention centre?

A convention centre is a multi-purpose space designed for large-scale gatherings like conducting meetings, exhibitions, conferences and festival. Convention centres are fully furnished and equipped with state-of-the-art facilities for food & beverage programmes, services and recreation.

2.1.2 Types of convention centres: Executive Convention centre: Executive Convention centres are intended for meetings, commerce and management development. These centres often contain large conference rooms, many large breakout rooms, dining rooms and average recreational facilities.

Corporate conference and training centre: Corporate conference and training centres are the largest among all other types of convention centres. These spaces are characterised by an abundance of training facilities

University convention centre: These centres are used by local business and enterprises to hold business meetings and conferences, or organize training. These centres are also popular choices for parties and weddings, also host world leaders and celebrities.

University convention centres often house top-notch meeting facilities.

Festivity convention centre: Such centres provide a platform to celebrate an annual festival based on the context culture and seasons of specific sites in best.

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2.2 HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF CONVENTION CENTRES 2.2.1 History of conventions The first-ever convention centre was built in the 19th century, primarily to bring people of mutual interests together. They mostly served as exhibition halls to showcase works of art and bring together thought leaders of the world.

Convention centres play a major role in shaping city centres and surrounding areas. Early records from IAEE – the International Association of Exhibitions and Events indicates that the Industrial Revolution and large-scale production of consumer goods used in households, along with the rapid improvements in communication and transportation made exposition centres landmarks in modern cities.

The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London is a prime example of this - a 92,000 sq.m exhibition space designed specifically for the Great Exhibition of 1851 to display modern works of design and technology. It was destroyed by a fire in 1936 and had nearly a million sq. feet of glass with about 13,000 exhibits from all over the world.

Convention centres such as McCormick Place in Chicago proved that abundant space was the ticket to being a success story in the industry. McCormick Place encompasses320,000 square feet, 23 meeting rooms and a 5,000-seat theatre., making it the largest convention centre in North America then.

The Bingley Hall in Birmingham, United Kingdom, was constructed in 1850 and had a one-acre exhibition space with 10 service entries. It hosted key events like concerts, boxing matches, cattle shows, political rallies, etc. It succumbed to fire in 1984. In 1991, Birmingham’s International Convention Centre took its place. It is a major exhibition centre comprising ten halls which can accommodate around 8,000 visitors and houses a 2000 seat concert hall.

In India, Pragati Maidan is a venue for large exhibitions and conventions in New Delhi. It has an area of about 150 acres of exhibition space and was the biggest exhibition centre in Delhi. It was built in 1972 to mark 25 years of independent India. Bombay Exhibition Centre (BEC) was built in 1991 in Goregaon, Mumbai.

2.2.2 Evolution and Need The world has grown much closer due to rapid growth and ever-increasing advances in technology, communication and travel. The interdependence among the countries to exchange information has become the focal point. India is a fast-growing and rapidly 8

changing economy where a need for conferences and meetings arises. Factors like reviewing the progress, growth, being up to date with the latest technology and information.

The development of convention and exhibition centres, sports facilities and performing arts venues are increasingly being acknowledged for their role in stimulating local economies and improving the quality of life of the nation’s citizens. Conference and business tourism is a very important sector of the global tourism industry.

2.3 INTRODUCTION TO MICE INDUSTRY MICE stands for Meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions (MICE). It is a type of tourism which involves large groups of people bought together for a short period. Exhibition and convention centres provide facilities to cater to the diverse needs of the MICE industry. It is usually pre-planned for a particular purpose.

Figure 1: Mice Meaning

2.3.1 Mice Segments: 1. Meetings: Meetings can be defined as bringing people together to share information or to carry out a certain activity.

There are multiple types of meetings like- Political meetings, Corporate and incentive meetings, Training Seminars National meetings Board meetings, Business meetings, Management Meetings Shareholder Meetings, Product launches, strategic planning,

2. Incentives: Incentive travel is a form of business travel provided as an incentive or reward of achievement by the company. It’s is a part of a programme and is offered to its participants to reward past performance. Usually, it comes with hotel stays, tourism packages and other planned recreational activities.

3. Conferences:

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Conferences and conventions are large-scale gatherings designed for discussions, consultation and problem-solving. Conferences, in particular, are smaller-scale gatherings where information is exchanged, while, a convention is much larger. Participants from all around the world come to discuss policy issues, politics, new developments, etc. Conventions are organized into different levels - international, national, local, regional.

4. Exhibitions: Exhibitions are organized in large scale-spaces to showcase new products, services and information to potential buyers. Certain terms like a fair, trade show, exposition, trade fair expo are used in place of ‘exhibition’. However, they all mean the same. Exhibitions are mainly categorized into industrial, consumer, B2B.

2.4 MICE GLOBAL International Congress and Convention (ICCA)

Association

is

the

premier Figure 3: Graph showing total no. of international meetings as of 28th

worldwide

organization April 2020 tracking the global MICE market

and

possesses

comprehensive databases of the happenings

in

the

sector.

According to ICCA statistics, a whopping

total

of

13269

meetings are held every year worldwide centres.

The

in

convention global

events

industry was valued at $1,100 Figure 2:Estimated no. of participants around the world (1963billion in 2018 and is expected 2019) to grow with a CAGR (Compound Annual growth rate) of 10.3% to reach $2,330 billion by 2026. As of 2019, the top two ranked countries in the sectors are the USA and Germany followed by France, Spain and U.K. The US comes first in terms of the number of participants (357,137) followed by Spain (348,728).

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The following countries lead the pack as far as organizing meetings are concerned: the USA, Germany, France, Spain and the UK are the top 5 countries in the world in organizing meetings. These 5 countries are way ahead of most countries. Constant growth is visible in emerging markets especially in Asian markets, even though the European market still dominates the market. Exhibition numbers and growth are directly related to economic growth in a region. There has been a shift in terms of location and growth of the exhibition industry from the developed countries to emerging countries such as China, India and Brazil.

ASEAN countries (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) have witnessed different degrees of development. The MICE industry is projected to grow rapidly in the coming years for the ASEAS market.

The year 2019 marks the end of a decade after which the (association) meetings industry will, in all likelihood, never be the same due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exponential growth between 1963-2010 (doubling every 10 years) and 26% growth in the last decade (2010-2019)

Figure 4: Map showing countries hosting Mice events, meetings per annum in the year 2017

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Figure 5: ICCA graph showing progress in meetings worldwide

Figure 6: ICCA Rankings across the world leaders of the MICE Industry (2017)

2.5 MICE INDIA India is constantly upgrading its MICE facilities. As an emerging globalized service industry, MICE is especially valued by the national government for its high growth potential, highly beneficial innovations, large opportunities for employment, large industry associations and the efficient utilization of assets. According to the Indian Government, the

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long-term sustainability of the conference business can be ensured through building an extensive network of allied infrastructure, which ranges from the availability of hotel rooms, excellent connectivity to the venue, a well-developed transport network and other tourist attractions. The government is providing financial support for developing international convention centres and tourism-related infrastructure. India’s Outbound Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism market size is set to surpass US$ 11 billion by 2026.

India’s market share in the global MICE industry is at USD 1.5 to 2 billion dollars, which note enough. A report by the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) stated that India is losing MICE business in tough competition from countries like Australia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Although, the 7th MICE report by MILT Congress said that India is expected to generate well over 2 million outbound MICE and luxury tourists per year by 2020, and Indian can emerge as a key source market for MICE travel. The need for the large scale convention spaces for India is further highlighted by the fact that a large number of globally significant events which leave their footprint on the global economy such as the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) meets and World Congresses do not take place in India due to the present lack of sizable convention centres that fit according to global standards. The estimated total contribution from MICE Tourism is

Rs.

37576

Crs

to

the

economy

directly.

Figure 7: According to the 2019 Report of the ICCA, India ranks 28th in the world with 158 Meetings per annum

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Figure 8: Figures in percentage (2017)

World ranking

City name

No.of meetings

61

New Delhi

43

143

Bengaluru

20

Table 1: ICCA 2018 report, Delhi and Bengaluru ranking

According to the IICA 2018 statistics report, New Delhi ranks 61st in comparison to other cities in the world with only 43 meetings. While Bengaluru ranks 143rd with only 20 meetings.

World ranking

City name

No.of meetings

75

New Delhi

37

203

Bengaluru

14

Table 2: ICCA 2019 report, Delhi and Bengaluru ranking

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According to the IICA 2019 statistics report, New Delhi ranks 37th in comparison to other cities in the world with only 37 meetings. While Bengaluru ranks 203rd with only 14 meetings.

Figure 9: Preferred cities for Mice Events. 3 base metros of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata in addition to Bangalore are the TOM recall of all the segments at both demand as well as supply end

As per the latest statistics available from ICCA, the following cities of India has contributed immensely in improving rankings for IndiaNew Delhi – grew by CAGR (Compound Annual growth rate) of 13.9% for a 5 year period Mumbai – grew by CAGR of 3.7% for a 5-year period Bangalore – grew by CAGR of 14.5% for a 4-year period Hyderabad – grew by CAGR of 8 % for a 3-year period Chennai - grew by CAGR of 9.3% for a 5-year period Goa – grew by CAGR of 4.7% for a 5-year period

2.6 MICE BENGALURU 2.6.1 Bengaluru - Economy Recent estimates of the Bangalore metropolitan area’s economy have ranged from $45 to $83 billion (GDP adjusted for purchasing power parity) and is one of the most productive metropolitan areas of India. Bangalore contributed US$45 billion, or 38 per cent of India's total IT exports in 2014. As of 2017, IT firms in Bengaluru employ about 1.5 million employees in the IT/ITes sectors - more than a third of the workforce in the sector.

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With an economic growth of 10.3%, Bangalore is the second-fastest-growing major metropolis in India and is also the country's fourth-largest fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. Forbes considers Bangalore one of "The Next Decade's Fastest-Growing Cities".

2.6.2 Bengaluru- Tourism Passenger handling capacity is a crucial factor when it comes to hosting large events.

Amongst the peer group cities, Singapore airport handles approximately 66 mn. Passengers p.a., Bangkok did 45 mn.p.a., Beijing did 82 mn.p.a. and Seoul did 44 mn.p.a in 2016.

Bengaluru’s current capacity is 26 mn p.a. A second parallel runway is proposed south of the existing runway, which is currently under construction. Bengaluru is well poised to target global events.

Karnataka has the potential to develop into a unique conference destination due to the unique blend of cultural and heritage sites, exotic and mystical locations, excellent facilities for beach and adventure holidays it offers, which can be combined as pre and postconference tours. Bengaluru, with its positioning as the Gateway to Karnataka and rest of South India, is a common destination for MICE, with connectivity options to major locations across the state and south India. Bengaluru, the capital of the state has been the fastest-growing city of India since the past few decades, fuelled by the growth in the IT Industry. It has been the major growth driver due to which there has been a heavy influx of corporate visitors as well as an increase in national and international tourists. Bengaluru is the ‘Knowledge Hub’ of India and has high potential to be one of the top convention destinations in India for all types of corporate conferences, exhibitions and events.

Bengaluru has a pleasant climate all year round thus having the prospect of hosting programs throughout the year. Also, the cosmopolitan nature of the city gives an added opportunity for hosting cultural shows, music events etc.

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2.6.3 Bengaluru - Need for Convention and Exhibition Centre According to the ICCA statistical data released in 2019, Bengaluru is at the 203rd place globally with only 14 large meetings. To increase this number and bring about more MICE industry influx into the economy without losing business, the government of India has proposed many convention centres and exhibition centres around India. Namely, Delhi, Mumbai, Amravati, Gujarat, Kerala, Mohali, etc.

Figure 10: Need for convention and exhibition centres

2.6.4 Impact of the project: Bengaluru is a city with a need for a convention centre. The proposal shall help in boosting the local economy and in turn the nation’s economy by bringing in Local businesses, largescale businessmen, International businesses and traders etc. In terms of social development, the project will lead to the growth of communities big and small. Social infrastructure plays an important role in both the economic development of a nation and the development of society. In terms of economic growth, the project will generate revenue out of the conferences, meetings and exhibitions that take place. Apart from this, the development of other local businesses, start-ups, hotel industry, food chain industry, etc will increase. The project shall seek around 6000 to 8000 footfall per event.

Figure 11: Impact of Bengaluru International convention and exhibition centre

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2.7 INTRODUCTION TO EXHIBITION CENTRE 2.7.1 What is an Exhibition Centre?

An exhibition centre is a built entity that supplements the convention centre. Exhibitions can be permanent, semi-permanent, or temporary. Events like Trade shows, Large scale exhibitions, Expos, etc are conducted in these spaces. Exhibitions are events, or marketplaces, where people display their goods and offer services to the attendees

Exhibition facilities are built to meet a wide range of social and commercial needs. They are used to enable visitors to obtain specific information about various fields from a wide variety, for example, Works of art, historical and mythical artefacts, scientific discoveries, a technological marvel, environmental diversities, cultural heritages, to name a few. These exhibitions include products and services which are generally available to consumers or identified groups of users.

2.7.2 Types of Exhibitions Exhibitions can be categorised into two groups.

Group 1: Exhibitions in this group are built for a purpose. They house exhibitions that are mostly permanent, such as art galleries, museums, scientific centres, etc. These are subjects which require a more detailed examination outside the scope of this text. However, the fundamental principles and techniques involved in these displays are often also employed in the design of stands and other types of commercial exhibitions (art, antiques, fashion shows), and a few examples to illustrate the main features have been outlined in later sections.

Group2: The second group covers three main types of activities: Long-term displays in showcases, visitor centres and design centres Temporary exhibitions in venues designed and operated for this purpose (trade fair centres, exhibition centres): Temporary exhibitions set up in other places (in-store demonstrations, concourse stands. agricultural shows, village halls, leisure centres, and stadia).

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In this area of study, Semi-permanent and temporary exhibitions are studied further. Areas covered in these exhibition spaces are:

Trade Exhibitions Trade exhibitions are generally built to meet the needs of one particular type of business or product or country. Only people involved in the line of work and belonging to the same profession are invited to attend and the general public is rarely admitted.

Consumer Exhibitions Consumer exhibitions are general markets. They usually involve a range of products from many different industries on display for sale to the general public. Consumer shows can also be organised to attract people from particular demographic (young women, retirees) or people with a specific hobby or interest (craft, gardening, pets).

Shows can be built around a particular product or service (car shows, computer shows, travel shows) or a particular theme (homemaking).

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3. LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 Defying convention centres Andrea Doyle. (June 4, 2014). ‘Defying Convention: 7 Ways Convention Centers Are Changing to Stay Relevant’, from https://www.successfulmeetings.com.

The article talks about how conventions are changing in today’s world according to today’s generation. The author talks about how convention centres can be made relevant to the present needs. Most of it revolves around simplicity and ease of the user.

Earlier, Convention centres used to be simple. People attended a show where there was a stage for the speakers and dedicated areas for seminars and exhibitions. Today, the wants have taken a complete turn. People want yoga sessions, food trucks with fancy food, jazz concerts, etc. Hosts want more attractive events to grab the attention of industry professionals. The conventions today are social and stimulating hence becoming flexible and resourceful.

Making flexibility of the facility a priority Fixed settings are like a liability, creating wall-less, flexible seating open spaces in high demand. Furnishings need to be adaptive to any environment and any venue. Walls are considered as a great tool to brainstorm and make the best of people's creativity. Hallways can act much more than just hallways, encouraging people to interact in all spaces. Every area in the facility should be treated as a flexible potential learning space encouraging connectivity and community.

Centres: an Extension of the Destination The centre should take advantage of its surrounding environment. It should reflect the destination's strong points and use it to its full strength.

Creativity and Art Move Front and Centre Public art in and around the destination can be a great way to incorporate the destination and promote it.

Public Areas for Public Discourse Hosts want the events to be more interactive. Food, beverages, round tables, pod seating, comfy chairs and sofas, social-media friendly spaces, modern decor and lighting, free WiFi are some suggested tools for better interaction.

Centres: Healthy and stimulating Air temperature, quality of air, lighting, column-free spaces with ample sunlight, expansive terraces, etc can create a healthier environment for users.

Conference Centres Anchor Neighbourhood Development 20

Restaurants, bars, landscaped public plazas, retail spaces, and rooftop gardens, etc are few ways development can be anchored.

Rising Demand for Altruistic Activities Millennials desire this the most. Keeping in mind kids of all age groups, elderly people, disabled people, is key.

3.2 Is it time to stop building convention centres?

Amanda Erikson, (June 12, 2012) ‘Is it time to stop building convention centres?’, from https://www.bloomberg.com Convention centres are all the rage, with bigger and better ones being built every year.

Amanda Erickson, in this article, touches upon the history of convention centres in America. The number of convention centres in the United States has increased by 50%, and the construction of 44 new convention halls is underway, with a net investment of over $44 Million in total. Convention centres are under constant pressure to upgrade and improve.

Each convention centre has ‘call-to-fame’ - some boast over 1000 booths while others possess super-fast internet.

The actual number of conventions hosted over the last decade, however, has gone down and has been on a downward slope ever since the 1990s. Heywood Sanders, in the 2005 issue of the Brookings Institution Report on Convention centres, wrote about the overall shift in the market for convention centres, remarking that recovery is unlikely. Convention centres were born as a result of the boom in trade the industrial revolution brought with it.

Traders and merchants needed spaces to sell their wares, and convention centres were the answer to their needs. Britain’s Crystal Palace, which was the world’s first convention centre housed over 14,000 exhibits over a 990,000 square feet area.

By the 20th century, a lot of shows and events began to be held at convention centres.

Existing houses were uprooted in favour of convention centres. Chicago’s McCormick Place, developed in 1971, is a fine example of this. McCormick place’s prime location was the largest contributor to its success - the each of access by air, the multitude of nearby hotels and restaurants being some of the benefits of its location. The number of delegates attending events here though stared to drop sharply in recent years, seeing a 37% reduction in total attendance.

The Walter E. Washington Convention centre suffered a similar fate - covering a sprawling 2.3 Million Square feet area, it boasts 31 elevators, 28 escalators and over 68 public restrooms, with more than 4 acres of glass walls, 160 different types of lights and over 30,000 light bulbs. It holds the record for hosting the largest sit-down dinner ever, with 16,206 dinner guests in total. Between 2006 and 2008 however, the convention centre had missed its booking goals by 13%, 24% and 29% respectively, with operating losses of over $22 Million annually.

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The Gaylord National Hotel and Convention Centre is not far behind, with a total area of 470,000 square feet of combined hotel and convention area. It has, however, failed to hit the ground running due to a multitude of options in the nearby vicinity

3.3 Mice India – Growing popularity Keshari Ranjan, (May 22, 2019), ‘Mice in India – Growing popularity’, from www.miceindiaa.com MICE activities drive internal as well as external customers and generate large sums of revenue if organised effectively. On arrival visa, for fast procedures, personalised detailing, demands from clients and government intervention have all driven its popularity.

In addition to meeting rooms, clients also demand recreational activities in a relaxing environment. Innovations in Web-based platforms, mobile applications and augmented reality have drastically simplified the process.

Organizations often request MICE operators to organize meetings in locations where employees can enjoy with their families as well. With the number of scenic destinations, MICE destinations are rising in popularity.

MICE operators drastically simplify the multiple clearances requires for Visa approvals. In India, travellers from over 70 nations are eligible for e-visas. The personalised service offered by MICE operators is the primary reason for the rise in its popularity, with operators managing everything from custom seating arrangements to organising events.

New Delhi, Okhla is a prime example of a MICE operator - innovation, creativity, rejuvenation and novelty. They organise everything from mixology sessions to set up a mini-spa. The hotel curates’ vivid experiences for attendees and boasts a state-of-the-art infrastructure. The location and accessibility of the venue, however, is a prime concern, followed by the size and cleanliness of the ballroom.

MICE locations face challenges - inadequate infrastructure, facilities and the ability to carry out passive promotions. The Indian Government, however, is taking steps in the right direction to support the industry, by easing the process to secure an e-tourism visa.

3.4 PLANNING OF CONVENTION CENTRE Book referred: Fred Lawson, Congress, Convention and Exhibition Facilities, 2000, Architectural Press

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AIPCO (International Association of Professional Congress Organizers), Planning a Conference Centre, February 2008.

Both these books identify the criteria and standards which can be used and followed for the planning and designing of a convention and exhibition centre. They give a direction as to how the several spaces in the facility could be designed to make it functional and userfriendly. Following are the criteria to be considered while designing the convention, auditorium and exhibition facilities.

3.4.1 Entrance Distinct access is required for visitors, goods, staff and service vehicles and emergency facilities. It is generally desirable to provide an alternative entry for the public which is independent of that used by conference visitors. This not only allows management and security but also gives two or more congress events or exhibitions to be run simultaneously at the same time.

Visitors’ entrance These centres require direct access from the public transport system or via a protected walkway from around the site of the convention centre

Vehicle access and parking: a one-way system with double lanes to allow passengers from cars, taxis, and coaches to alight without obstructing the entrance road and a lay-by with spaces for waiting taxis and vehicles while also being close to the parking space, while a canopy will protect the entrances from the weather.

Entrance doors: Automatic doors are critical for wheelchair users and multiple pairs of doors are required for peak departures; doors should be in at least two lines and at least 2m wide.

Access for the disabled: specific provisions include an allocation for parking spaces, identifications of routes, provisions for ramps, toilets and other facilities required for wheelchair users and other disabled users in each main area.

Other entrances: Employee entrances must be separated from those used by the general public, and lead directly to the controlled area with times being recording, changing rooms, 23

wages records and security services in the same area. Corridors giving access to ‘back-ofthe-house’ work stations must also be separated from those used by visitors.

Public areas

Operational services Information, displays, shops, banks, cloakroom, toilets, box office, first aid, restaurants, cafes, etc.

Support Services Public address system, rental space,

Messages, Public and house telephones, information and display, welcome desk, registration desk, etc

Public address system, telephone

Foyer to Banquet hall

Cloakroom, toilets, information

Attendants, Public address system

Banquet Hall

Service lobby

Banquet, kitchen, deliveries, beverage stores, linen, china and silver stores, furniture stores, display loading docks.

Function rooms

Service corridors

Banquet, kitchen, deliveries, beverage stores, linen, china and silver stores, furniture stores, display loading docks.

Foyer to meeting

Refreshments and Information

rooms

Service lobby, kitchen, stores, public address system, CCTV system

Meeting rooms

Access corridor, restrooms, access

Lobby concourses

Entrance halls

Interpretation booths, operators/ control booth, furniture arrangements equipment, etc

deliveries, security, front office, house manager, access to waiting ambulance service, Kitchen and food services, storage, etc.

operator, press centre, business centre, organizers office, admin office

routes, equipment stores, service , etc 24

Foyer to Auditorium

Information

Auditorium

Greenroom

Exhibition halls

Refreshments, drink bar, etc toilets Public address system, CCTV system

Interpretation booths, operators/ contol booths, stage, backstage, etc

Food and beverage service, practice rooms

Entrance lobby

Service lobby, food service, stores, beverage and glass stores, etc Access corridor, restroom, access to equipment stores, scenery dock, stage management, property stores, production workshops, assembly areas, performer areas.

Stage doorkeeper, stage door entry instruments, stores, etc Registration facilities, visitiors access, cloakroom, toilets, organisers office, food and beverage services, toilets,etc

Table 3: Major spaces in a convention centre

3.4.2 Circulation planning External Circulation Access is broadly broken down into three distinct categories: •

Individuals who arrive by car or public transport

•

People who arrive in groups by public transport

•

Trucks and service vehicles

The most important elements are the ease of access and facilities for entry for all categories and all aspects of access: external, delivery, storage, internal, and parking.

Transport incorporates several elements. Access is required for vehicles delivering food, supplies and equipment, beverages, for contract services and removal of the garbage.

Facilities here normally include a loading dock, direct transfer and checking office through level corridors for food, beverages and housekeeping stores and plantation areas. If 25

required, a good lift can be installed for movement to tickets on lower or higher floor levels.

The movement of goods from one area to another the movement of attendees around the centre is enabled. Free flow and removal of potentially congested areas are crucial to the smooth and efficient operation of a meeting venue. Drive-up, drive-in access should be appropriate. Truck to trolley at loading docks or unload by hoist. Enough space for queuing buses. Turning areas for delivery trucks is important.

Walkways and waiting areas Covered walkways connecting various areas within and without the venue and weather protection to transport pick up and drop off points. Feature lifts in larger multi-level venues.

There should be easy access to public transport. Also, taxi waiting bays and waiting areas should be easily identifiable.

Public spaces are as important to the viability of a meeting venue as the meeting rooms themselves. They are required to accommodate catered events and provide for the practical needs of attendees in terms of relaxation, information and communication.

The size of each public space should be relevant to the area which it serves. They should be easily adaptable for multi-purpose use. A minimum ceiling height of 3.6m should be ensured. Proper lighting should be readily available in all public spaces. Signed dedicated meeting points with easy access to surroundings and fire escapes should be planned. Casual seating in a variety of configurations from intimate to larger open seatings should be planned. Other facilities like a Cloakroom and a prayer room should be provided for the needs of the attendees. The Venue reception desk and external box office need to be separated from the meeting areas and can help in dealing with large crowds. This avoids the need for public access when the venue is closed for private use.

Parking Plenty of space for parking should be provided for unloading/loading goods and equipment.

Parking for trucks (long term and short term) with sufficient height and turning space for staging, audio-visual or other equipment needs to be thought about. Coach parking bays too shall be needed.

Car parking for attendees, venue staff, disabled people, etc should be secure and well thought of, especially in terms of drop off, entry and exit, traffic in and around the site

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during peak hours, etc. Clear directions for entry and exiting the car park must be provided, displayed height dimensions, hours of operation in parking facilities are necessary.

Internal Circulation The should be a clear separation of front of the house from the back of the house, and functions should be reflected in differing access routes to different parts of venues by the venue staff. Separation of noise and smells from areas used by attendees must be ensured.

Access between spaces within the convention centre should be easy and well-detailed with signposts. The movement of visitors and members of the public needs to be carefully designed to ensure clear directions, convenience and safety. Particular attention should be paid to the peak flow of people, particularly from each main area of escape in the case of an emergency. As a rule, the aim is to ensure evacuation of any room or level within twoand-a-half minutes.

Corridors and passages Corridors should be designed to serve as a means of escape in the event of a fire and should lead to safe exits from the building. Minimum widths, fire resistance standards (usually one hour), limits the combustibility and surface flame spread The walls and flooring should resist marking damage, and ceilings must allow acoustics absorption. Walkways for people to walk freely while avoiding intersections where groups of people have to cross and non-slip easily maintained floors

Escalators: The floor area taken up by escalators is very extensive, but it is justified in a large complex where the main assembly halls and auditorium are on floors above the ground level. The angle of elevation is generally 30° (maximum 35° in a restricted space), with approach lengths of about 1.8m and 2.7 m at the top and bottom of the incline.

Elevators: Passenger elevators must be positioned near the main stairs, with a lobby waiting area adjacent. For light traffic and wheelchair users, a single lift may be adequate (16 persons, 1100 kg), but more than two may need to be installed for transporting people over three or more floors. Dedicated goods lifts are a must for food and other equipment.

Traction drive elevators are generally preferred.

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Transport of goods: Back of house should be well-signed to facilitate the transfer of goods from loading docks. Passageways width must be sufficient for trolleys. Big goods lifts should be used in larger venues. A Direct lift or hoist from the loading dock to upper levels.

Delivery and Storage: Colour coded storage bays will be used for specific meetings.

Facilities will be used to store up to one week’s worth of supplies before and two days after a meeting. Storage spaces should be available for meeting organisers, exhibitors’ materials, production equipment cases or offsite storage provided by the company with a delivery service to the convention centre on the day of the setup. Colour coded pre-addressed labels must be installed to differentiate meetings while matching colour coded bays for different meetings will help in planning and execution. Plenty of trolleys and forklifts shall be used, hence planning needs to be done keeping this in mind.

3.4.3 Public movement pattern for a convention centre Communication and functionality can be improved by implementing better circulation patterns in a convention centre. People visiting or working in a convention centre can be divided into 5 user categories in general: •

Public flow

•

Delegate flow

•

VIP flow

•

Journalist flow

•

Staff flow

Delegates flow Delegates form the most important group of users in a convention centre. The parking will lead them to the main entrance foyer, which then further directs them to their destination.

Unobstructed delegate movement is very important.

Public flow: Dignified personalities are often invited depending on the nature of the conference. The public will have access to exhibition areas and conference areas. Therefore, both these areas will have separate access to manage the public flow efficiently during peak hours.

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VIP flow: A separate VIP entrance will be made. VIPs will require to have a specific lounge and direct execution.

Staff flow: The staff can be divided into categories namely the technical staff, who are responsible for the efficient working at the convention centre while the others are the administrative staff who are in contact with the attendees coming to the centre.

Journalist flow: This includes people from the press, cameramen, media outlets, diplomats, etc. They will have access to record events during the event day.

3.4.4 Ratio of space Congress and Convention centres need to accommodate a wide range of activities and group sizes. Although very large conventions are important in terms of the publicity, demands on resources and economic impacts are severe, the great majority of events usually small. Meetings and other organized events often overlap, requiring the provision of separate access, facilities and services. Most of them involve a range of activities, for example: Plenary Sessions

Large group meetings for the full attendance

Parallel sessions

An alternative choice of lectures

Break-out sessions

Group participation in workshops, seminars, etc

Banquets, functions

Formal dining, usually with invited speakers

Receptions

Gatherings and introductions, social contacts

Table 4: Types of congress and convention sessions

3.4.5 Pre-function areas The entrance hall or lobby is the main area for gathering a huge number of people. It serves as the hub of circulation space and also as an assembly/meeting point. Information, registration, directions, buffets, etc are shared here.

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Hospitality

Introduction and welcoming people on arrival.

Defusing

Sorting out problems and grievances of the people.

Control

Restricting the movement of the people.

Information Notices, general information displayed.

Accounting Monitoring accounts, attendance, etc.

Table 5: Lobby movement of a convention centre

For all the above purposes, few desks are required that are mounted in the lobby or foyer to one side of the main circulation area and permanently staffed throughout the period until the delegates leave.

Specific provision should be made for access by disabled persons, including a portable or permanent desk with rest areas.

Requirements within pre functional spaces: •

Public telephones and internal lines to the conference rooms (Ease of communication amongst the staff and attendees.)

•

Public address and paging system (Ease of announcements)

•

Lounge/waiting area (Availability of food and waiter services)

•

Exhibition and display space (Artwork, Installations, etc)

3.4.6 Types of rooms A multitude of rooms are required to accommodate the differences in the types of meetings, social events, and hospitality and exhibition requirements, as well for the numbers of participants. In most cases, different groups will also overlap, and the areas they use must be required to be separated. Invariably, the rooms provided for these purposes have fiat floors to allow for rearrangement of furniture, and the larger halls usually have moveable partitions to enable division into alternative sizes. These rooms may be broadly grouped by size and function:

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Type of Space

Capacity(people) Types of Uses

Meeting Room

25-200

Meetings, Presentations

Conference Room

25-100

Singular events, Business events/meetings

Break out/Committee

5-25

Splitting into smaller groups, training

rooms

sessions

Ballroom/Grand hall

500-2000+

Formal parties, functions, banquets, etc

Seminar hall

50-200

Group study/work (learning purposes)

Table 6: Types of meeting spaces, capacity, and uses

3.4.7 Spaces and Facilities It is generally more appropriate to use typical space standards in the initial allocations although the final capacities will vary with the shape and actual dimensions of the rooms as well as the layout of the furniture.

Space per person Theatre seating density Theatre-style linked seats Theatre-style seat layout Classroom seating Classroom layouts Boardroom seating Banquet

Area (m2) 0.8-1.0

1.0-1.2 1.2-1.6 1.6-2.2 1.8-2.4 2.0-2.4 1.0-1.2 0.8

Reception buffet Foyers

0.3-0.6

Restaurant Coffee shop, Café Refreshment bar Lounge bar

2.0-2.2 1.6-1.8 1.5 1.8

Notes Auditorium area Stage can be extra Large flat-floored hall/ballroom For medium-sized to smaller rooms With individual tables in large halls In medium-sized groups Groups of 10-25 round table Depends on table arrangement Depends on table arrangement Standing, including service counters Based on hall seating capacity added to the above spaces Overall seating without kitchen Excluding satellite kitchen Mainly standing, less seating Lounge seating area 31

Men's toilet Women's toilet Cloakroom Lobby, Reception hall

Service areas Restaurant kitchen Banquet kitchen Satellite kitchen Food storage Beverage storage Linen, glass, china, silver stores Furniture store

0.05 0.07 0.1 0.5

0.5-0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Min area based on 500+ Usually increased For attendants Includes registration desk but not storage

Per seat cover per banquet seat Per seat in café Based on total restaurant seats plus 50% banquet seats

0.1 0.5

Per seat in the hall (in case it changes regularly)

Table 7: List of spaces and the area required per person

3.4.8 Rationalize: Multipurpose Use A large ratio of utilization is necessary to effectively justify the feasibility of development.

As was previously indicated, the auditorium is designed for the performing arts to increase local community benefits. Banquet halls and function rooms will also attract local markets for social events, and the exhibition areas can generate independent art, antiques, business services and consumer shows. The demand for meetings/function rooms extends over the association and corporate markets and is mainly used for groups which are less than 300 persons.

3.4.9 Entrance Halls The entrance halls or lobbies for congress visitors must be separated from is used by the public as it is the main hub of circulation, serving as both an assembly and meeting place and providing information, directions and other services. The registration and support services perform several services: •

Hospitality – Introduction and personal welcome on arrival

•

Defusing – Point of contact to sort out problems and grievances

•

Control – Restrictions on entry, distribution of conference material

•

Information – Notices, general information, specific enquires

•

Accounting – Monitoring attendance and financial position

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For registration and check-in purposes, two to three desks are usually required. Specific provisions for disabled persons and rest areas are a must. A space requirement of minimum 0.5m²/person, Management offices at 0.1m²/person.

3.4.10 Services Plumbing: Meeting groups will usually break into masses, so plumbing and bathroom location and capacity are extremely important. Sufficient toilets (including ones for disabled) should be provided in several locations. Minimum dimensions per cubicle are required to be 1.5m by .85m, with doors that swing inwards. Cubicle partitions height should be a minimum of 2100 mm high. Shower arrangements can be made for convention VIPs and organisers. In the case of wet workshops, plumbing should be made available. Provision for water fountains, water and waste disposals at both convention and exhibition areas should be made.

Heating, Ventilation & Airconditioning Systems: Convention and exhibition centres are not spaces that are functional daily. However, activities may take place with sudden surges of people on event days. Air distribution in such cases should be thought about and even distribution of draught-free air should be readily available. Meeting rooms should have individual air conditioning or controlled air conditioning. Windows should be openable wherever possible. Separate ventilation should be provided in case of smoking rooms. Adjustable rooms along with keypads should be readily available.

Power: The centre will rely on sufficient power to be distributed throughout the venue. Venues must have a sufficient number of power outlets that are convenient to use at different locations throughout. Use of solar power can help reduce the requirement of fossil fuels and increase environmental awareness. Power points shall be made easily accessible, builtin on floors, ceilings, walls, etc. Exhibition areas especially need a proper power supply with proper outlets at regular intervals to enhance flexibility to its patrons.

Complete backup system for emergencies to maintain all services (standby generator with uninterruptible power supply, gas back up or similar). Installing surge protectors is crucial

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for computers and the entire facility. Earth leakage detector and cut out, particularly in the kitchen and client nerve centre areas are required.

Light: Lighting plays a very crucial role in the feeling of a space. Flexible, fully controllable lighting is a plus and is directed towards the audience and the speakers so that there is some ease of vision. Tracking lights can be used in smaller rooms. Downlighting is important where the audience sits. No fixed lights and chandeliers in meeting rooms, exhibition spaces to increase the flexibility of space. Emergency and Exit lighting complying according to the country’s building code. Outdoor lighting on the structure as well as that used for landscaping.

3.5 PLANNING OF AUDITORIUM The article referred: Archi Monarch, Ar. Kumar, Auditorium Design, 2019.

An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theatres, the number of auditoria (or auditoriums) is expressed as the number of screens. Auditoria can be found in entertainment venues, community halls, and theatres, and may be used for rehearsal, presentation, performing arts productions, or as a learning space.

3.5.1 General design standards Length of rows: A maximum of 16 seats per aisle.

25 seats per aisle are permissible if one side exit door of 1 m width is provided per 3-4 rows.

Gangway: The gangway divides the seating into blocks and acts as escape routes. The minimum gangway is 1100 mm. They can be ramped up to 10%, but only 8.5% if likely to be used by people in wheelchairs. If the seating rake is steeper, the gangways must-have steps extending the full width and these should have consistent treads and risers in each run.

Number of seats in a row: Row width: 25 seats + a necessary door 34

If there are gangways at both ends of the row, the maximum number of seats in a row is 22. And, if there are gangways at one end, the seating capacity is 11 per row. Rows with more than 22 seats can be permitted if the audience is not put in danger.

Seating geometry: The seating is usually laid out in straight or curved rows facing towards the platform or stage. Further forms are the angled row, the straight row with a curved change of direction and straight rows within emphasised blocks of seats, as shown in figures.

Figure 12: Types of auditorium seating geometry

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Seating capacity: In general, the maximum capacity of an auditorium depends on the format selected, and on auditory and visual limitations set by the type of production.

Other factors include levels, acoustics, circulation, sightlines, and seating density, as well as the size and shape of platform/stage.

Size of auditorium

Figure 13: Seating dimensions

An area of at least 0.5 m2 per spectator is to be used for sitting spectators.

This number is derived from a seat width x row spacing of at least 0.45m2 per seat, plus an additional minimum of 0.5m x 0.9m i.e. approximately 0.05m2 per seat.

Visual limitations: Visual limitations determine the maximum distance from the platform or stage at which the audience can appreciate the performance and for the performers or speaker to command an audience. This distance varies according to function type and the scale of the performance •

For drama, it is essential to see facial expression, and the maximum distance should be 20 m measured from the setting line of a proscenium stage – the geometric centre of an open stage.

•

For opera and musicals, discerning facial expressions is less critical and the distance can be 30 m.

•

For dance the audience needs to appreciate the whole body and movements of dancers and facial expression: the distance should not exceed 20 m.

•

For a full symphonic concert, acoustic conditions predominate

•

For chamber concerts, acoustic conditions also predominate but visual definition assists in achieving an intimate setting.

•

For conference speaker and lecturer there are two scales discerning facial expression, restricted by 20 m, large scale where facial expression is not regarded as critical.

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•

For slide, video, television and overhead projector visual limitations are determined by their respective technologies

Levels in the auditorium: With a single level only, the pitch of the rake requires particular attention to achieve a sense of enclosure.

Seating capacity within aural and visual limitations can be increased by the addition of one or more balconies within the overall permissible volume of the auditorium Also, boxes and side galleries can be added to the side walls.

Figure 14: Row widths for 16 & 25 seats

Volume of room: This is obtained based on acoustic requirements (reverberation) as follows: 1. Playhouses approx. 4-5m3/spectator.

2. Opera at approx. 6-8m3/spectator of air volume.

For technical ventilation reasons, the volumes should not be less than these figures to avoid air changes which are to pronounce (draughts).

Aural limitations: This refers to the distances across which speech, singing and music can be clearly heard without the need for amplification, and beyond which they cannot. For drama, opera and classical music, amplification is not desirable, but it is acceptable for variety and pantomime and essential for rock music. For amplified sound, the auditorium requires dead acoustics with no reflected sound from the platform or stage and limited or no reverberation; Loudspeakers should be positioned to provide full and even coverage of the audience.

37

The volume and quality of the unamplified sound are dependent on the volume, shape, size and internal finishes of the auditorium, and on the resultant reverberation time. It is therefore impossible to lay down limits as for visual appreciation. Even experts in acoustics find that their predictions are not always borne out in practice, although they should be consulted and their advice followed wherever possible, It has been found feasible to improve the acoustics of existing auditoria. An example of this is the famous flying saucers' in the hitherto notorious Royal Albert Hall.

Row-to-row spacing Spacing is controlled by the clearway between the leading edge of the seat (in an upright position, if tippable) and the rear of the back of the seat in front, as shown in the figure.

For

traditional

seating,

the

minimum Figure 15: Seating dimensions

clearway for people to pass along the row is 300 mm and this dimension increases with the number of seats in a row.

For continental seating, the clearway is not less than 400 mm and not more than 500 mm The legislation also dictates the minimum row-to row dimension at 760 mm: this is usually not adequate and the minimum should be 850 mm for traditional seating.

Figure 16: Proportions of a traditional auditorium view

38

Proportions of auditorium These are obtained from the spectator's psychological perception and viewing angle as the requirement

for

a

good

view

from

all

seats.

Figure 17: Proportions of a traditional auditorium

i) Good view without head movement, but a slight eye movement of about 30°. ii) Good view with slight head movement and slight eye movement approx. 60° iii) Maximum perception angle without head movement is about 110°, i.e. in this field everything which takes place 'between the corners of the eyes' is perceived.

There is uncertainty beyond this field because something may be missed from the field of vision. v) With full head and shoulder movement, a perception field of 360° is possible.

Figure 18: Angle of vision

Horizontal sightlines For a particular size and shape of the platform or stage, horizontal sightlines limit the width of the seating area in the auditorium This is more critical with the proscenium stage and with film, video and slide projection.

39

Without head movement, the arc to view the whole platform or stage on the plan is 40° from the eye, as shown in the figure.

Exits, escape routes: 1 m wide per 150 people (min. width 0.8m) From each level of the auditorium, two separate exits must be provided for the first 500 seats with an additional exit for each further 250 seats.

Figure 19: Row widths and exits

The table below gives the minimum total of exit width required by legislation.

Exit routes The route must be a consistent width the same as the exit.

There must be no bottlenecks and all doors within the route must open in the direction of escape.

Routes within the building should have fire-resistant enclosures.

Figure 20: Total exit widths according to the no of people

There are special requirements for all doors opening onto fire escape routes.

Stairs: Staircase flights should have a minimum of two risers and a maximum of 12.

All treads should be 300 mm and risers 150 mm.

Ramps: Wheelchair users must be provided with flat or ramped escape routes which may be separate from other routes. Ramps should not be longer than 4.5 m or steeper than 8.5%.

40

Circulation: While gangway lengths and widths are calculated as part of the fire escape route, they also provide the circulation through the auditorium, with possible additional gangways from the audience entry points to individual rows and seats.

3.5.2 Sightlines for a seated audience Every member of the audience must have an uninterrupted view of the platform or stage over the heads in front and clear of overhangs the section and plan of the auditorium need to conform to certain limitations set by vertical and horizontal sightlines.

Vertical sightlines, as shown in the figure, may be calculated by establishing:

P-Lowest and the nearest point of sight on the platform or stage for the audience to see clearly.

HD-Horizontal

distance

between the eyes of the seated members of the

Figure 21: Graphic representation of vertical sight lines

audience, which relates

EH-Average eye height at 1120 mm above the theoretical floor level: the actual eye point will depend on seat dimensions.

E-Distance from the centre of the eye to the top of the head, taken as 100 mm or 120 mm as a minimum dimension for the calculations of sightlines.

For assurance that there is a clear view over the heads of those in the row in front, this dimension should be at least 125 mm.

D Front row of seats: the distance from point P to the edge of the average member of the audience in the front row.

This gives every member of the audience similar viewing conditions.

41

This may be reduced to a single angle or series of angles. When applied as described the rake will also be steep. This is satisfactory for a single tier of seating with no balconies and is especially appropriate for open-stage formats

If a balcony or balconies are introduced, the rake of the lower bank of seats can be reduced, assuming vision to be every other row allowing for point P being seen between heads in the row in front The vertical distance between the point from the eye to the top of the head for calculation purposes can be reduced to 65 mm if seats are staggered.

This is particularly applicable with the design of a large auditorium where, within the visual and aural limitations, the aim is to maximise the seating capacity.

3.5.3 Ceiling requirements Design requirements for the ceilings of halls are largely determined by functional needs. In a large, purpose-designed congress hall the ceiling construction would have to consider: Acoustics — profiled reflector panels and adjustable diffusers must be installed to ensure even distribution of sound over the whole seating area Lighting — lighting bridges for access and supporting framework for stage and spotlighting in-ceiling space over auditorium are required; lighting slots in ceiling construction providing screening, auditorium lighting equipment including emergency lighting, cable trunking (raceways) and connections; Air-conditioning — air ducts, diffusers and balancing dampers; energy sensors; noise attenuation and monitoring equipment, all with supporting hangers and means of access for servicing; Stage production — extended fly tower, gridiron and pulley suspension system for flying stage scenery; safety curtains etc. including access Fire control — automatic water curtains, sprinklers and smoke vent releases; fire mode controls of air flows; Screen projection — clearance for cine, slide and television projection and video wall; load points and beams for screens and associated equipment; Changes to profile — mechanized lowering and rotating systems for volumetric changes, isolating balconies and separating spaces.

42

3.6 PLANNING OF EXHIBITION CENTRE Book referred: Fred Lawson, Congress, Convention and Exhibition Facilities, 2000, Architectural Press 3.6.1 Range of activities Exhibition facilities: •

Exhibition facilities are developed to meet a wide range of community and commercial needs. They are used to enable visitors to see and obtain specific information about, for example:

•

Works of art, historical

artefacts,

Scientific discoveries,

technological

achievements, environmental diversities and cultural heritages, •

Products and services which are available to consumers generally or to identified groups of users. Those serving the first group are purpose-built to house mainly permanent collections, such as in art galleries, museums and science centres, and are subjects requiring more detailed examination out of the scope of this text.

•

The second group covers three main types of activities.

1. Permanent or long-term display in a showcase, visitor centre and design centres, 2. Temporary exhibitions in venues designed and operated for this purpose (trade fair centre, exhibition centres).

3. Temporary exhibition set up in other places (in-store demonstrations, concourse stands, agricultural shows village halls, leisure centre, and stadia.)

The following sections examine the requirements for large purpose-built trade fair and exhibition centres.

3.6.2 Characteristics of trade fairs and consumer exhibitions Trade fair and exhibition centres are usually involved in both trade shows and consumer exhibitions. Both of them have different characteristics.

43

Features Attendance

Charges

Trade shows Consumer exhibitions Invited potential buyers and trade Open to public Representatives. May include ''public" Days for other visitors

Normally free to bona fide trade/ Business users

Visitor entrance charges are A large part of the revenue Usually wide-ranging domestic Products and home furnishings May be targeted on leisure, Toys, gifts, fashion, antiques, Art, computers, employment, Boats, cars and hobbies

Subjects

Specific to the sector. Large International fairs may have specialist Sub-sections

Hospitality

Separate lounges and rooms with Food and beverage services

Not involved

Mostly 3-4 days, large international Fairs may extend 5 days

Large shows often 6-10 days, Local events 2-3 days

Open period

Market

Seminars

National: often with 5-10% or more International visitors.

Regional: secondary shows covering Particular market areas Invariably held in parallel covering Related topics

Mainly regional or local

Not usually involved

Table 8: Characteristics of trade fairs and consumer exhibitions

Combined events Many trade show events which have wider public interests such as motor shows, etc are extended to include days that are open to the public with charged admission.

44

Product launches New products are often featured at both trade and public shows. Product launches can also be organised as separate events to attract individual publicity. These are often staged in prominent venues, including exhibition centres and many centres provide suits of halls and rooms designed especially for this purpose.

3.6.3 Development of Exhibition Centres Patterns Once a pattern is established, trade shows and exhibitions will tend to use the same venue repeatedly as a regular calendar event. They repeat this cycle every one to two years or even more.

Timing Trade shows are in general seasonal, with peak months being April, June, September and October, broadly coinciding with the patterns of business travel. Aside from the peak vacation months, consumer events are more flexible but are also timed to suit cyclical family and individual interests.

Growth Over time, successful shows grow in size, attracting more and more exhibitors and taking up more hall space, which ultimately leads to several possible changes-Phased expansion of the venue, Relocation of the show to a larger venue, Cloning of more specialist sections.

New shows are in general constantly being introduced-partly as a result of subject specialization in technology, partly through reorientation towards the service industries sector.

45

3.6.4 Exhibition Operation A typical program for trade shows and exhibitions are:

Programme

Small trade shows International fairs And specialist And consumer shows shows

Build-up for marketing Setting up, constructing And decorating stands

2-3 days

7-10 days

Show open period

3-4 days

10 days

Break-down and clearing Out of hall

1-2 days

4-7 days

Table 9: Different types of exhibition programs - small trade shows and international fairs

Leasing charges to an exhibition organizer are generally costed on the overall time and floor areas involved. The organizer’s rates for exhibitions are more often based on the net areas and open period of the show, with conditions, stipulated about the time allowed for entry and removal of exhibits. These construction programmes usually involve:

Parties Exhibition organizer

Main contractors

Roles Allocation of space Employed or nominated by the Organizer to undertake the stand Shell construction

Electrical and other subcontractors

To connect distribution boxes and Cable lines to stands, plumbing, Etc. Connections

Exhibitors own designer and subContractors

To set out the stand display and Special decorations.

46

Sub-contractor may include Window-dressers, florists, Graphics, etc Exhibitor

Usually brings the items for Exhibition to the hall. This may Overlap with other decoration. (long-distance and imported Items are usually sent in Advance to storage/bonding Warehouses)

Table 10: Different parties and their roles

3.6.5 Access and Storage Access All exhibitions require good access for vehicles, construction equipment and moving to be exhibited items and goods, etc. The time allowed for setting up is short and many vehicles need to unload at any given time. Vehicles that bring in decoration, equipment, etc to arrive shortly after. This is the time when peak traffic movements occur during the break-down period.

Some essential requirements for better handling are: •

Adequate parking for goods vehicles (Trucks, tempos) with direct access to loading docks

•

Alternate routes to enter and exit so that when needed, vehicles can drive to stand locations

•

Supervision of vehicle entry and exit to reduce congestion

•

Security control

•

Unloading and transporting facilities is preferred at one level

•

Doors, corridors and entrances to allow enough headroom and width clearance.

Storage Hall: Storage for equipment, light fixtures, display items, Audiovisual sets, extra stands and décor.

47

Exhibits: Crate and box storage while exhibits are on display. This may be offsite with charges for handling and space.

Bonded secure storage (off-site): For exhibits arriving in advance of the show or awaiting dispatch.

3.6.6 Planning and design Good planning would include the following aspects:

Access Good roads are essential keeping in mind parking and public transport. When large amounts of people are expected during the first few hours of the opening of an event, circulation planning is very important. Location of car parks, public transport, walking distances to reception lobby, signages and directions, transfer within site and outside site, etc are all crucial.

Location To facilitate vehicle access, and interconnection of spaces, halls are in general single storey long-span structures. Essential requirements include Large area for future development, direct access to city and transport, well-developed infrastructure and convenient transportation to and from,

Hall design Single storey halls are often modular in design. They use structural systems to facilitate pre-fabricated and rapid construction. Requirements can vary depending on the type of shows and exhibitions to be conducted. Events targeted are particularly those with multipurpose uses such as banqueting and large meetings.

Construction Ceiling height with long span lightweight roofing is usually 7.6m – 8.6m high. Halls used for entertainment purposes can require heights if 16m or more. Usually, a structural grid is kept as far as possible. Column spacing could be 30m apart, with 15m periphery walls.

48

Stand layout Shell and individual stands are normally used in major exhibitions, while the options for stand and aisle layouts are affected by the position of columns and exit points.

Occupancy Maximum occupancy is based on 1.5m²/person, including stand personnel and it is also used in calculating the exit widths.

Viewing and Spatial requirements Viewing arc for acute vision without moving the head is up to 54°wide, 27°upwards and 10°downwards from an average human’s sightline. Exhibitions are displayed on this basis and they are usually planned and positioned in this way.

Large paintings and displays need to be viewed from a distance of about 1.5 times the maximum width of the object.

Exhibits can be mounted in display cases which can be full standing, can be viewed one, three or all sides, or lower showing the top view. Exhibits must be labelled and kept in such a way that they can be read from far away.

Viewing gangways between two displays should be at least 1.4m. If it is used for circulation, it should be up to 2.8m.

49

Range of facilities

Roles

Types of centres Types of exhibits

Cultural

Visitor centres Museums Art galleries Science centres

CommercialCulture

Visitor centres Private collections

Commercial

Design centres

Trade centres Display cases

National collections Regional collections Local collections Private collections Companysponsored Privately operated Designed exhibitions

Company displays Leased space Featured exhibitions

Table 11: Range of facilities

50

4. CASE STUDIES 4.1 VANCOUVER CONVENTION CENTRE

Figure 22: Vancouver convention centre Source: Google images

Location: Vancouver, Canada Architects: LMN Architects, DA Architects & Planners, Musson Cattell Mackey Partnership (MCM) Area: 22 Acres Built-in: 2009

4.1.1 Introduction The Vancouver convention centre is one of Canada’s largest convention centres. It is owned by a crown corporation - British Columbia Pavilion Corporation. It has 20,490 sq. m of convention space and 8,500 sq. of exhibition space. The building is divided into two buildings - The west building and the east building. The west building consists of 4 levels while the east building consists of 2 levels.

4.1.2 Purpose of case study: •

To understand exhibition spaces and do a sizable study.

51

•

To study convention spaces like ballrooms, meeting and conference rooms and their sizes.

•

To understand various uses of pre-functional areas in terms of public use.

•

To learn the aesthetic and design features of the structure.

•

To glance through the aesthetic and sustainable features of the project.

4.1.3 Project Program: 223,000 sq. ft (20717 sq. m) of exhibition space 60,000 sq. ft (5574 sq. m) of meeting rooms 55,000 sq. ft (5109 sq. m) of ballrooms (convention spaces) 95,000 sq. ft (8825 sq. m) of retail spaces 400,000 sq. ft (37161 sq. m) of public open space and plazas, walkways and bikeways.

Figure 23: Graphical representation showing west and east wing

The Vancouver Convention Centre comprises two separate buildings facing the waterfront, namely the east and the west. The two buildings are connected at ground level by a concourse. The west building has 4 levels while the east building has 2 levels with exhibition halls, convention halls, meeting rooms, food courts, etc. distributed across them.

4.1.4 West wing: West exhibition level This level consists of exhibition halls. It has 3 flexible halls. It has loading and unloading docks at the rear side. This level is underground and has access to parking and elevators.

The exhibition space consists of 3 halls namely A, B, C. 52

Figure 24: West exhibition level plan

Exhibition Hall details Sr.no

Hall A

Hall B

Hall C

1)

Capacity:

a)

Reception

4062

4883

5988

b)

Banquet

2360

2960

3940

c)

Classroom

3195

3882

4635

d)

Theatre

4062

4883

5988

304

392

500

58,502 sq. ft

58,502 sq. ft

58,502 sq. ft

(5435sq.m)

(5435sq.m)

(5435sq.m)

195'x300' (59.44 x

195'x300' (59.44 x

195'x300' (59.44 x

91.44m)

91.44m)

91.44m)

30' (9.1m)

30' (9.1m)

30' (9.1m)

10x10 e)

2)

3)

Booths

Usable Area

Dimensions Ceiling

4)

height

Table 12: West exhibition hall details

53

Figure 25: West exhibition- level 1 details

Level 1: This level has 4 ballrooms that have huge heights. One ballroom faces the waterfront. This level also has conference rooms, meeting rooms, kitchen and cafe, admin area, and semi-covered terrace foyer that opens up to the waterfront. Meeting rooms consist of small, medium and large spaces from 40sqm, 80sq m, to 220sq m with a ceiling height of 4.5m.

Level 1 details Sr.no

Ballroom A

Ballroom B

Ballroom C

Ballroom D

1)

Capacity:

a)

Reception

1,880

1,881

1,886

1,139

b)

Banquet

910

910

910

440

c)

Classroom

990

990

990

504

d)

Theatre

1,680

1,680

1,680

895

54

10x10 e)

2)

3)

Booths

Usable Area

82

84

84

35

14,448 sq ft

15,120 sq ft

15,120 sq ft

7,980 sq ft (741 sq

(1,342 sq m)

(1,405 sq m)

(1,405 sq m)

m)

86' x 168'

90' x 168'

90' x 168'

47'6" x

(26.21m x

(27.43m x

(27.43m x

168'(14.48m x

51.21)

51.21)

51.21)

51.21)

55' (16.75m)

52'5" (16m)

43'6" (13.3m)

34'4" (10.5m)

Dimensions Ceiling

4)

height

Table 13: West wing figure 1 details

Level 2: This level has meeting rooms, conference rooms, Back offices, and part of the living roof. This level consists of small meeting rooms(75sqm to 90sq having ceiling height 4.5m) and large meeting rooms ( 300sqm with ceiling height 5.1m)

Figure 26: West level 2 plan

Level 3: This level consists of the living roof and a few more meeting rooms ranging from 60sq.m to 300 sq.m with variable ceiling heights 4.5 to 5.1 respectively.

55

Figure 27: West level 3 plan

4.1.5 East wing consists of two levels- the first level consists of the exhibition level and the second level consists of the convention level.

East convention level: This is the lower level and consists of 3 ballrooms and 3 exhibition halls. The rare side faces the waterfront. This level connects to the west building on the level. It consists of loading bays, back of the house and promenade.

Figure 28: East wing convention level

56

East wing Ballroom details Sr.no

Ballroom A

Ballroom B

Ballroom C

1)

Capacity:

a)

Reception

693

717

633

b)

Banquet

350

350

280

c)

Classroom

357

357

306

d)

Theatre

672

672

576

31

32

21

10x10 e)

Booths

5,800 sq ft (539 sq 2)

3)

Usable Area 5,613 sq ft (521 sq m)

Dimensions

m)

5,191 sq ft (482 sq m)

57'11" x 97'7"

60' x 97'7" (18.29m

53'10" x 97'7"

(17.67m x 29.75)

x 29.75)

(16.40m x 29.75)

17'2" (5.25m)

17'2" (5.25m)

17'2" (5.25m)

Ceiling 4)

height

Table 14: East wing ballroom details

East wing Exhibition Hall details Sr.no

Hall A

Hall B

Hall C

1)

Capacity:

a)

Reception

2809

4792

3696

b)

Banquet

1200

2160

1200

c)

Classroom

1383

2709

1524

d)

Theatre

2250

4500

2460

118

210

143

58,502 sq ft

58,502 sq ft

58,502 sq ft

(5435sq.m)

(5435sq.m)

(5435sq.m)

10x10 e)

2)

Booths

Usable Area

57

3)

Dimensions

195'x300' (59.44 x

195'x300' (59.44 x

195'x300' (59.44 x

91.44m)

91.44m)

91.44m)

30' (9.1m)

30' (9.1m)

30' (9.1m)

Ceiling 4)

height

Table 15: East wing exhibition details

East meeting level: This level consists of various sized meeting rooms, admin area, small meeting rooms, semi-covered terrace foyer that faces the waterfront. This level also has a south foyer, bar, show area, atrium foyer, terraces, outdoor public promenade, etc.

Figure 29: East wing meeting level plan

4.1.6 Outdoor Plazas The Convention Centre offers 57,964 ft2 (5,385 m2) of plaza space surrounding its two buildings which are perfect to extend the scope of an event with outdoor activations.

The East Plaza is located at the entrance to the East building and is a welcoming space where delegates can enjoy the breath-taking harbour views. Product display and other activities can also be arranged in this space.

58

Figure 30: View of the outdoor plaza during an ongoing event

4.1.7 Design features: The building is a celebration of people and place and a model of sustainability. It has a LEED Canada Platinum certification. It is recognized for its design strategies using sustainable elements that have resulted in significant improvements to the community.

•

It has the largest living roof which is 6 acres in size and houses 400,000 native plants and grasses and 240,000 bees. This green roof acts as an insulator to mediate external air temperature. It contributes to the building’s stormwater drainage. The honey produced there is used in their kitchens.

•

Low volume flush and flow fixtures reduce water usage. There is a water waste management plant on campus because of which, zero potable water can be obtained and also grey and black water can be treated. Because of these design strategies, there is a 73% reduction in potable water consumption.

•

It also has an underwater artificial reef that is part of its foundation, providing new habitat for mussels, seaweed, starfish, crabs and various marine species. It is built into the foundation of the West building. Water quality in the area has improved dramatically, with the growth of a large variety of sea life.

•

Enhanced spaces for the public like plazas, informal gathering spaces, festival spaces, etc extend across the waterfront park system. Around 130,000 square feet of new walkways and bikeways connect the public to the site.

•

The design makes sure that there is extensive daylight and proper views with the help of ultra-clear structural glass used on its facades. Maximized use of daylight

59

in its public spaces set up a community-friendly relationship between the centre and the waterfront.

•

The flooring used in most of the spaces is Radiant flooring, which creates superior air circulation without too much energy consumption. Advanced air diffusers installed above the ceiling members create a sort of air swirl pattern in the Prefunctional areas.

•

The west facade of the building has openable windows which allow natural ventilation.

•

The black water treatment plant recycles grey and black water that goes back into the washrooms for toilet flushing and is used for rooftop irrigation during warmer weather.

•

By taking advantage of the adjacent seawater, heating and cooling of the water is carried out by a system to produce cooling for the building during warmer months and heating in cooler months.

•

Local British Columbia wood products from sustainably-managed forests are used throughout the facility.

The building has completed 11 years (2009-2020) and conducted over 5561 events and made $2.4billion as an economic driver injecting this amount directly into their economy as per 2019.

4.1.8 Inference: 1. The design not only caters to the main function of convention centres but also various public activities by means of promenades, open plaza and terraces.

2. The living roof of the structure not only preserves the ecosystem but also creates an interactive space for the attendees. Even though Vancouver is not situated in a tropical climate region, green roof in a colder region can seem to be unusual.

3. The layout of both buildings allows optimum flexibility of meeting spaces and conference rooms as there are no permanent walls installed.

4. The vertical circulation devices like lifts and elevators are situated in the extreme corners of the structure. This could be a drawback as goods and freight that needs to be moved to the other end of the building can be a task. Whereas, the escalators are centrally situated which makes it easy for the users to travel from one level to another.

60

5. The outdoor plaza that acts as a transition from one building to another is a very interesting outdoor space where open-air events are held. Even though the plaza is open to sky, very few trees and landscaping can be seen and most of the surface is paved. Seating and landscaping could be added here.

6. The outdoor plaza can only be accessed by the west building. As the two buildings are separated and don’t share the same complex (except for underground connections), it can be difficult to travel from one structure to another.

7. The structure creates spectacular views of the surroundings, by using most of the location’s advantage and surrounding landscape.

8. All the surrounding built form consists of high-rise structures. The Vancouver Convention Centre is a low-height structure that blends with the landscape. The open areas around the bayfront are green/open areas. The living roof blends with the neighbouring Harbour green park continuing the natural landscape.

9. The interiors are wooden furnished. The wood represents ‘Lumber’ which is wood exported from British Columbia. It is light, strong Ghulam and most importantly, locally sourced.

10. The ultra-clear structural glass on all sides, extensive daylight and views, extroverted setup, are some sustainable steps taken to make the centre better.

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4.2 SANDS EXPO AND CONVENTION CENTRE

Figure 31: Sands expo and convention centre, Singapore

Location: Singapore Architect: Safdie Architects (Moshe Safdie) Area: 29 Acres

4.2.1 Introduction: Sands Expo and Convention Centre is a Convention and Exhibition Centre situated in the Marina Bay Sands complex. It is owned and operated by Las Vegas Sands Corp. It spans up to 1,20,000 sq.m and is the largest exhibition and meeting venue in Singapore.

4.2.2 Purpose of case study: •

To understand exhibition spaces and do a sizable study.

•

To study convention spaces like ballrooms, meeting and conference rooms and their sizes.

•

To understand various uses of pre-functional areas in terms of public use.

•

To learn the aesthetic and design features of the structure.

•

To glance through the aesthetic and sustainable features of the project.

•

To understand how public areas can be used in interesting ways.

62

4.2.3 Concept: The Marina Bay sands acts as a commercial heart which consists of Theatres, Casino, Convention Centre, Retail and related public areas that extend the city life. The public spaces are integrated with the landscape and filtered natural light. They are also designed for activities by day and by night.

The design concept for the waterfront promenade was to keep the adjacent building

scale

low

and

also

transparent to the interior spaces so that the marketplace indoors and the promenade outdoors became one. The waterfront extension promenades

itself of

the which

becomes existing are

an river

actively

utilized by night, lined with shopping, food stalls, and follies and event

Figure 32: Map showing the Marina Bay sands complex

spaces along the water's edge.

4.2.4 Project Program: Shops: 800,000 sq. ft / 74,322 sq. m, Sands Expo and Convention Centre: 1,300,000 sq. ft /121,000 sq. m Event Plaza: 54,000 sq. ft / 5,000 sq. m

63

Figure 33: Plan of Marina bay sands complex

The Marina Bay sands complex includes a Convention and Exhibition Centre, an Entertainment area which has casinos, a Theatre, an Event plaza with a promenade facing the bay and connecting all spaces. It includes the very famous Marina Bay Sands hotel behind the above-mentioned areas.

Figure 34: Graphical representation of the complex

64

Figure 35: View of the sands expo and convention centre building

Sands Expo and Convention Centre is spread over 5 levels and has 250 meeting rooms and 2000 exhibition booths which can accommodate 45,000 delegates. It is home to Southeast Asia's largest ballroom which can accommodate 6000-8000 people.

Figure 36: Exploded view of all levels of the centre

Level 1 and Basement 2 The levels 1 and Basement 2 consist of exhibition space. The exhibition halls offer over 30,000 sq m of flexible exhibition space. Various trade shows take place in these halls. It

65

consists of moveable walls that allow the space to be divided into 3 sections. The ceiling height of these exhibition halls is 9.45m.

Column spacing 33 x 18m.

Figure 37: Exhibition level plans L1 & B2

Level 3 Level 3 of the five-level complex consists of 5 ballrooms and 6 junior ballrooms. These spaces are designed for various configurations like theatres, classrooms, banquets, etc. The ballrooms can also be divided into 111 meeting rooms where meetings can be held. To add to this list, 5 meeting rooms supplement the ballrooms. The 5 ballrooms are named Jasmine, Hibiscus, Heliconia, Casia, Begonia, and Angsana. While the junior ballrooms are called the same with juniors added to them. The ceiling height is 6.1m.

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Figure 38: Level 3 plan showing ballrooms

Figure 39: Level 3 room size and seating capacity

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Level 4 Level 4 consists of more ballrooms and meeting room spaces. It houses 4 junior ballrooms and 8 meeting rooms. These rooms too, just like level 3 can adapt to various other configurations like theatres, classrooms, etc. The ballrooms can be divided into 91 meeting rooms. Simpor, Roselle, Peony, Orchid, Melati, Lotus are the names of the rooms. A kitchen of 60sq.m is available too. This level has a Garden walk that has direct views of the bay.

Figure 40: Level 4 plan showing ballrooms

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Figure 41: Level 4 room size and seating capacity

Level 5 Level 5 is the final level of the complex that consists of the grand ballroom. Large and lavish events take place in this ballroom. With 7672sq.m of Ballroom space, it makes it the largest ballroom in South Asia. The ballroom space can also be converted into 16 rooms to hold meetings. This level has a large kitchen, ample amount of pre-functional areas that have the bay view. Besides, 2 more ballrooms supplement the grand ballroom. The ceiling height of this room is around 11m. The grand ballroom can house 8000 people in a theatrelike format.

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Figure 42: Level 5 plan

Figure 43: Level 5 plan showing the grand ballroom

Figure 44: Night view of the centre

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Figure 45: Roof plan of the structures

Roofing: The canopy and roofing running throughout are tensile based.

4.2.5 Inference: 1. All pre functional areas have the view of the bay which creates an exceptional view and makes it a great area to gather and interact.

2. The entire project is very flexible: Not only the exhibition spaces but also the ballrooms. All ballrooms can turn into smaller meeting rooms as and when required.

This makes the centre very flexible, attractive and cost-effective (for the event holders).

3. The number of escalators are plenty and very centrally placed making the connectivity throughout the centre, very convenient.

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4. As the centre is within a complex with other structures such as the casinos, theatres and plazas, it is eye-catching and very well connected with the public transport system too (Taxis, Metro, Bus stops, etc) 5. As the structure is built with a compact site planning, it does not support horizontal expansion or planning or spaces. The planning is vertical based. Due to this, it also lacks open outdoor event spaces.

6. The kitchen location changes from that seen in two levels (L3 and L4) and the toplevel (L5). This must have been done to accommodate the largest ballroom (8000pax). The location change in these levels could lead to a problem with services, ventilation, transportation of food, etc.

7. The connectivity of escalators throughout the project is ample(four) and good enough for crowd management.

8. Apart from the parking in the basement, there is a parking lot and an open plaza for events right next to the convention centre.

9. As this project is not a stand-alone structure, it depends entirely on the Marina Bay Sands complex. The roofing done for the convention centre continues over the other two adjoining structures (the theatre and the casino). The reason to do this could be to maintain a similar form or some type of continuous rhythm in the three structures.

10. The centre is very well connected with entertainment and extra-vengeance, hotel facilities, Luxury brands to shop from and Michelin star hotels, making it a hot spot tourist attraction which in turn could contribute to more cultural and social interaction and lead to heavy revenue generation.

11. The connectivity of roads around the centre is great. Three roads – two for vehicular access and one for pedestrian access could promote easier traffic management, especially during the peak seasons. Another plus point about access is underground connectivity. All structures in the Marina bay sand complex are interconnected underground. This reduces the traffic on Bayfront Avenue Road.

12. The convention centre is the only built form in the entire complex to have unobstructed views from three sides.

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4.3 MAHATMA MANDIR CONVENTION AND EXHIBITION CENTRE

Figure 46: Mahatma mandir convention and exhibition centre, Gujarat

Location - Gandhinagar, Gujarat Developed by - The Leela Built by: L&T and Shapoorji Pallonji And Company Limited Period of construction: May 2010 Construction cost - 215 Cr. INR Owner Client-Government of Gujarat Area: 34 acres

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Figure 47: Google map image showing the location of the centre

4.3.1 Introduction The Father of the Nation-Shri Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is also known with reverence as Mahatma. Gandhinagar - the capital city of the state of Gujarat is named after the father of the nation Since Gandhinagar did not have any major structure related to Mahatma Gandhi, this project is considered to be a memorable and iconic complex built in the remembrance and homage to Mahatma Gandhi and is called Mahatma Mandir.

Mahatma Mandir Convention Centre is planned to house well equipped, state-of-the-art facilities to hold events of national and international stature. The project also has a photo gallery, meditation hall, garden with the installation of multimedia-enabled artefacts on the life and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi etc.

•

The entire structure is designed at an angle of 15° with 42 pillars supporting it.

•

These 42 pillars represent the 42 villages that Mahatma Gandhi visited during Dandi March

•

The entire structure is exposed to concrete and has an accessible artificial green roof.

Access to the mound-shaped Dandi Kutir by way of a suspension bridge is symbolic of the Dandi March that played a significant role in India's Independence Movement.

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•

Phase 1 of Mahatma Mandir was constructed in nine months starting from May 2010 to January 2011 for Rs 135 crore. It includes a convention centre, three big exhibition halls and small halls having conferencing facilities.

•

Phase 2 includes the construction of the salt mound memorial, a garden, a suspension bridge, windmills and development of parking space for Rs 80 crore.

4.3.2 Accessibility: •

30km from Ahmedabad railway station

•

25km from Ahmedabad Airport

•

3km from Gandhinagar railway station

•

5 km from Gujarat Vidhan Sabha building

•

15km from IIT Gandhinagar

•

20kms from GIFT City.

•

Visitors can reach the site by means of auto, taxi or by private vehicles.

4.3.3 Site and surroundings: Site topography: It is flat land.

Site population permanent -100 staff members.

•

Dandi kutir (Salt mount) museum is present within the site.

•

Surrounding area consists of low to mid-rise-built structures, mostly residential.

•

The Leela hotel is situated near the site.

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4.3.4 Site circulation:

Figure 48: Mahatma mandir site plan

•

People arrive by individual cars, public transport or in groups by coach.

•

The site is spacious enough to handle the swift movement of up to 15000 people.

•

Easy access for movement of goods and equipment's, ability to mast loading docks.

•

There are 7 gates located according to the site activities.

•

Entry/exit gates for guests of the convention centre and staff is separated from that of the visitors attending large events.

4.3.5 Circulation pattern: •

The main driveway has one entry and the adjacent roads have rest of the entry gates.

•

Segregation of VIP entry with visitor's entry.

•

The separate entry gate for service vehicles.

•

The footpaths for pedestrian circulation and well-identified internal signage's.

•

The main circulation is designed in such a way that everyone gets to enjoy the views of Dandi kutir while having the Convention centre to the left and Exhibition centre to the right.

•

Security guard offices at the gates with security devices.

•

It is easy to locate the entry/exits of the site.

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4.3.6 Parking facilities: •

450-500 parking

•

The VIPs have direct access to the venue lobby.

•

There is no long-term parking for trucks.

•

Disabled access is not identified.

•

Parking space for guests is not sufficient during large events.

•

There is no segregation of guest parking and staff parking.

4.3.7 Zoning of spaces: •

Convention centre- close to Exhibition halls.

•

Food court- close to the convention centre and exhibition halls

•

Parking – easily connected to the convention centre and exhibition centre

•

Service area - close to the food court area.

•

Amphitheatre- away from the convention centre and exhibition centre.

•

PM'S centre located away from the convention centre.

4.3.8 Orientation of building: •

It is oriented in north-west and south-east direction

•

The amphitheatre area is exposed to the sun throughout the year.

•

The visitor's entry remains in shade due to the shadow of the building.

•

The artificial green roof on the entire roof of the convention and exhibition centre reduce the heat gain.

4.3.9 Planning of the complex: The Convention Centre with the main convention hall, seminar halls, conference rooms and the Exhibition Centre with three exhibitions halls are designed

Figure 49: View of the complex showing convention and exhibition centre on either sides and the Dandi kutir along with the bridge

according to global standards to provide the right infrastructure and ambience needed to hold events. The project also consists of a food court, CM and PM'S separate lounge area and few governmental shops.

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Porch: •

It allows the users to pause before entering or after exiting the building.

•

The porch is separate for vehicular and pedestrian access

•

Gives the first impression of the type of convention centre,

Figure 50: View of the porch

Reception and pre-function lobby: •

After crossing the entrance gate, the visitors enter a large atrium with a large registration desk in the front which has ample space to handle the crowd

•

Only one straight flight staircase and fire staircase with lift are present for circulation. The project does not have escalators.

•

The pre-function lobby is column-free

•

The staircase is close to the entrance for vertical circulation.

•

Registration area does not hinder any other activity of the convention centre.

Entrance gate and security check: •

There are separate entry and exit points with security checking available.

•

There are separate entrances for VIP and visitors.

•

The project does not have separate emergency exits.

VIP lounge: •

The VIP lounge is placed right in front of the VIP entrance.

•

It has a waiting room and two meeting rooms with attached toilets.

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Seminar hall and meeting and conference rooms: •

Seminar, conference rooms and business meeting rooms are equipped with audiovideo facility. They also have a pantry attached.

•

Figure 51: Meeting room view

It has one seminar hall with 1000 capacity seating in theatre style.

Ground floor plan:

Figure 52: Ground floor block plan

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First-floor plan

Figure 53: First floor block plan

Convention area: •

The main hall was designed to be pillar-free and to be subdivided into three smaller halls with the help of partition walls which are suspended from the top.

•

The main convention hall can accommodate up to a gathering of 5000 guests.

•

It has a ceiling height of 11m.

•

Concealed service trenches for electrical and water supply.

•

8 language interpretation booths.

Gallery seating: A capacity of 180 people can be accommodated at the first-floor gallery.

Food court area: •

Figure 54: Conference room view

VIP and visitor food court areas are separated.

•

No proper kitchen facilities are provided.

Figure 55: Seminar hall view

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•

Non-veg is not allowed in this centre, no segregation of spaces.

•

No cold-storage area is not provided.

•

No permanent seating facility.

•

No proper loading and unloading spaces are allocated for the food court.

Exhibition halls: •

The centre consists of three exhibition halls. Two of these halls are large-sized while one is medium-sized. All three are column-free and centrally air-conditioned.

•

They are designed to have flexible, heavy-duty floors for showcasing heavy

Figure 56: View of the exhibition hall

machinery exhibitions and other usages •

They also have service trenches with electrical & water supply in case of hosting water-based exhibitions,

•

Easy plug & play SRS facilities and telecommunication systems.

•

Restrooms with provision for differently-abled persons.

•

Wide service areas and loading/unloading bays aid the quick and easy movement of exhibits and pieces of equipment.

•

Adequate storage facilities within the exhibition halls.

Services: •

HVAC system

•

Firefighting system

•

Rainwater harvesting

•

Sewage treatment plant

4.3.10 Design: •

The entire structure is designed at an angle of 15°.

Figure 58: Dandi Figure 57: View of the Dandi march bridge and Dandi kutir march bridge

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•

There are 42 pillars for the entire structure which are also at 15°, each representing the number of villages visited by Mahatma Gandhi during the Dandi march.

•

The structure has exposed concrete, with interiors cladded with wooden finishes.

•

The roof is covered with artificial green turf.

•

Also has an open amphitheatre for cultural gatherings or open-air events.

Figure 59: Area for open events Figure 60: View of the Dandi kutir

Figure 62: Elevation of the convention centre building

Figure 61: View of the amphitheatre

Description

Floor Seating capacity

Area (sq.mt)

Convention hall with VIP gallery

GF

5000

6375

Conventional hall 1 with lobby, VIP gallery etc GF

1600

2100

Conventional hall 2 with lobby, VIP gallery etc GF

1600

2160

Conventional hall 3 with lobby, VIP gallery etc GF

1600

2100

Seminar hall 1 with pantry

GF

500

600

Seminar hall 2 with pantry

GF

500

575

Seminar hall 3

FF

500

485

Seminar hall 4 with pantry, projection room

FF

1000

1200

Conference room 1

FF

21

62

Conference room 2

FF

21

62

Meeting room

FF

30

100

Small conference rooms 1-10 Nos

GF

6

20 82

Exhibition hall 1 with VIP viewing gallery

GF

75.6x48.55M clear

4060

Exhibition hall 2 with VIP viewing gallery

GF

68.75x48.20M clear

3950

Exhibition hall 3

GF

32.0x48.0m clear

1665

Food court

GF

1385

Food court

FF

1805

Open-air amphitheatre

GF

1000

700

Table 16: Area of different spaces and their seating capacity

4.3.11 Inferences: 1. The project has been designed in phases dividing 4 sets of functions distinctively.

Convention, Exhibition, Museum and Garden 2. Planning of the complex is done based on the existing axis. It is designed keeping context in mind.

3. Most of the priority while planning the complex has been given to the flexibility of spaces.

4. The design has a functional approach with a unique ideology.

5. A sustainable approach is considered in form of wind turbines, green roofs, and maximum utilization of natural light.

6. The design succeeds in creating an identity of a unique gateway for the capital of Gujrat.

7. The planning style is Linear planning. Here, the focus towards the Dandi Kutir (Salt pan-like structure) via the suspended bridge that leads people to it.

8. The entire project creates a unique experience for the user right from entering the site with gardens around the amphitheatre around, followed by the convention and exhibition centre on either side, leading to the bridge that opens up to the Dandi kutir.

9. Both the convention and exhibition centres are designed in such a way that there is an ample amount of natural light entering the spaces.

10. The space between the two centres can act as an outdoor event space. Outdoor events and activities can take place in this outdoor plaza, amphitheatre as well as gardens in the site. As Gandhinagar has cooler winters, outdoor events during this time can be hosted.

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4.4 HYDERABAD INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE (HICC)

Figure 63: Hyderabad International convention and exhibition centre, Hyderabad

Location: Cybercity, Hyderabad Site: 15 Acres Period of construction: December 2005 Architects: EMAAR Group Owner/client- Joint venture by EMAAR(Dubai) and Andhra Pradesh industrial infrastructure corporation limited

Figure 64: Google map image showing the location of the centre

4.4.1 Introduction: Hyderabad international convention centre is located in the heart of the business and IT hub of Hyderabad. The world-class service and abundant flexible space make it the meeting planners’ choice for hosting a major convention, trade shows, meeting and special events.

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Hyderabad international convention centre (HICC) is the first state-of-the-art convention facility, the first of its kind in South Asia. HICC is also the winner of the Best Convention Centre National Tourism Award by Incredible India for three consecutive years. Novotel hotel adjacent to HICC is a 5-star Hotel room with 287 room's, built to suit the easements of business travellers. It is a Green Globe Certified Convention Centre

4.4.2 Accessibility: •

HICC and Novotel complex is located in the north-west of Hyderabad city

•

3km from Hi-tech city

•

5km from National highway

•

11km from Golconda fort.

•

15km from Hussain Sagar lake

•

32.5 km from Rajiv Gandhi International airport

•

18km from Begumpet domestic Airport

•

17km from Nampally railway station

Figure 65: Site plan

4.4.3 Site and its surroundings: Site topography: It is flat land with slope towards the lake.

Site population: permanent -500 staff members.

85

•

Novotel hotel is present within the site.

•

The site shares part of its boundary with a lake which has lush green trees around it.

•

HITEX exhibition centre is located right next to the HICC.

•

Surrounding area has a lesser built structure and consist of low rise to midrise buildings.

•

The proximity of information centre helps the guests from outside the city to know about the city monuments, history, craft, culture, etc.

Site circulation: •

People arrive by individual cars, public transport or in groups by coach.

•

Trucks and service vehicles

•

Entry/Exit Gates for guests of the convention centre and hotel, hotel staff, visitors during large events and convention centre staff are separated.

Circulation pattern: •

The main driveway has 3 loops of turning radius 11.5m

•

Entry for guests and staff is segregated.

•

Large coach drop-off and collecting point areas adjacent to the main entrance

•

Footpaths for pedestrian circulation and well-identified internal signages.

•

The main driveway is designed in such a way to enjoy pleasing views of lake, hotel and

•

conventional centre.

•

Loops after constant intervals lead to the better road connectivity

•

Security guard offices at the gates with security devices.

•

Entry/exits of the site are not easily locatable

•

It lacks in proper external signages

Parking facilities: •

There is a segregation of guest parking and staff parking

•

The coach parking bay is off the street

•

Direct access to venue lobby

•

Parking space for guests is not sufficient.

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•

No long-term parking for trucks

•

Disabled access is not identified

Figure 66: Ground floor plan

Figure 67: First floor plan

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Figure 68: Second floor plan

4.4.4 Zoning of spaces: •

The convention centre is close to service entry.

•

Parking- common between both hotel and convention centre.

•

Service area- close to HICC and remains away from the hotel.

•

Clubhouse and swimming pool- away from the convention centre crowd and gets privacy as it is part of the hotel.

The orientation of the building: •

In summers. few parking spots and the foreground get some shade.

•

In March and September foreground remains shaded most of the time.

4.4.5 Planning of the complex: Porch: •

It allows the users to pause before entering or after exiting the building, also used for sitting.

•

The porch is only accessible by pedestrians.

Entrance gate and security check:

88

•

Separate gate for entry and exit with revolving doors are very useful. They prevent a person from bypassing security checkpoints.

•

Accessible for differently-abled users too.

•

Spacing for luggage scanning is provided.

•

Separate emergency exits are planned.

Reception and Pre-function lobby •

After the entrance gate, there is a large atrium with the reception in front

•

Escalators are close to the gate for ease in vertical circulation.

•

Visible grid of columns and beams with glass

Figure 69: Reception lobby

panels in between allows ample light to enter the pre-function area of the building.

•

The registration area has 12 desks

VIP lounge •

The VIP lounge is furnished with a wooden finish to give it a rich look.

•

The glass used for these areas is bullet-proof because of security reasons.

Convention Area •

The main hall was designed to be pillar-free and to be subdivided into a further of six smaller halls with the help of partition walls which are suspended from the top.

•

The main convention hall can accommodate up Figure 70: Main convention hallReception seating

to 6150 guests. The centre is well equipped with audiovisual facilities retractable seating, etc to have multiple sessions/events run simultaneously.

•

Various types of configurations in the seating style Figure 71: Main convention

help to have different types of events in a perfect hall- Theatre seating manner. Types of seating include classroom style, banquet style, theatre style, etc.

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Gallery seating •

A

capacity

of

690

people

can

be

accommodated at the first-floor gallery.

•

Gangway in between is 1.2m wide

Kitchen:

Figure 72: Conference room

The kitchen is directly attached to the plenary hall on one side and the service corridor on another side.

Food preparation •

Vegetable preparation pantry is separated from the non-veg pantry.

•

Storage of dry food is available in a separate room.

•

There are 5 stores with storage facilities, cold Figure 73: External view of the structure

storage, utensil storage, etc.

•

Pastry and dessert preparation take place separately

•

Meat /fish preparation area also has a cold storage facility close to it. There are 3 tandoors/ ovens with meat preparation table

•

A separate wash area is provided inside the pantry itself with a work table

•

Another area for Salad and starters preparation is there too.

Loading and Unloading: •

There are 5 dock bays for loading/ unloading material in the rear side.

•

The service area is also utilized for the temporary storage of materials.

•

Service corridor is 2m wide where stacks of chairs and tables are stored temporarily

•

The gates at the centre are 5m wide for proper circulation of loading, unloading and services.

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4.5.6 Inference: 1. Site is well connected to public transport making it easily accessible for visitors and staff.

2. Hotel within premises and HITEX exhibition centre near to convention has made HICC one of the best MICE destination in south Asia, well equipped to handle a different kind of events.

3. Waterbody near to the site helps in maintaining the microclimate of the area, especially during extreme climatic conditions.

4. As the built morphology of the space has water body and green foliage in between built spaces creates a pleasant atmosphere 5. The most striking feature of this convention centre is its column-free airconditioned hall with a clear height of 12m provides a very wide option.

6. The hall is flexible in size, as it can be divided into six parts which can function simultaneously

5.FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDIES Sr .

Description N o

Sands Vancouver Expo and Convention Conventio Centre n Centre

Mahatma Mandir Convention Centre

Hyderabad International Convention Centre

Proposed International Convention Centre

1 Location

Vancouver, British Gandhinagar Hyper city, Devahalli, Singapore Columbia, , Gujarat.

Hyderabad. Bengaluru Canada.

2 Site Area

24.7 acres

3 Project Year

2009

34 acres

15 acres

35 acres

2010

2005

To be constructed

4 Property Use

Conventio Convention Convention n, and and Exhibition Exhibition Exhibition and Hotel facilities Facilities facilities

Convention and Exhibition Facilities

Convention and Exhibition Facilities

5 Topography

Flatland

Flatland, slight slope

Flatland with a slight slope

2008

Flatland

Flatland

91

towards the lake

6 Connectivity

Easy and Convenien Easy and t (buses, Convenient cabs (buses, cabs MRT metro, cars) metro, cars)

Well connected with public and private transport systems (buses, trains, cars)

Well connected with public and private transport systems (buses, trains, cars)

Well connected via air and bus routes Train & metro stations upcoming

7 Parking

Approx 400 cars Mostly basement parking

Approx 450 cars Parking on one side of the site

Approx 1000 cars Peripheral parking on all sides of the site

Approximate ly 1000 cars

8 Site feature

Surrounded Surrounded by Part of the by a Kempegowd Marina stadium, a Bay sands Surrounded Surrounded mid-rise International complex by schools, by high rise residential Airport, midSurrounde mid-rise buildings, buildings, rise d by the residential bayfront, upcoming residential hotel, buildings, open-air railway buildings, casino, the lake in gardens the station, lakes theatre, the site) Vavol upcoming Marina lakefront Signature bayfront nearby) Business Park.

9 Climate

Warm and dry

10

Pedestrian Movement

11 Convention Hall

Hot and humid

Low altitude Hot and dry semi-arid Moderate hot climate

Very well Pedestrian planned movement pedestrian organized movement

Linear, well Organized planned pedestrian pedestrian movement movement

Encouraging more public participation

6000 capacity

5000 capacity

6000 capacity

3 exhibition 12 Exhibition Hall halls

8000 capacity

6150 capacity

No 3 exhibition exhibition halls hall,

3 flexible exhibition halls 92

exhibitions take place in convention halls 13 Food court

14 Kitchen

15

16

Proper food Foos stalls Food court court areas available available available outside

Proper kitchen facilities

Proper kitchen facilities

Proper kitchen facilities

Food court available

Proper kitchen facilities

Proper kitchen facilities with restaurants, bars and cafes

Hotel, club, souvenir shops, cafes, VIP lounge, interpretatio n rooms

Amphitheatre , gardens, VIP and VVIP lounges, media centre, Interpretation room

Ancillary facilities

Hotel, Cafes, VIP casino, areas, theatre, Interpretati shopping on mall, rooms, restaurants green roof , cafes

Recreational activity areas

Amphitheatre Amphitheatr Bayfront No , gardens, Waterfront, e, gardens, plaza, recreational outdoor Open plaza outdoor promenade activity event plaza plazas

Architectural 17 character

Long span horizontal building

Amphitheatr e, press room, PM's lounge, VIP area, interpretatio n rooms

No food court

Multiple Inspired by Long span Contempora long-span Gandhiji's horizontal ry linear buildings stick, Linear levels building forming a planning complex

Rectangular planning A Rectangular spread out rectangula building on two A rectangular Planning/Structu r building, Rectangular 18 folded sides building with re type fabricated building green creating an a play of tensile roof outdoor form, roof plaza, roof roofing, and merging facade

93

with the landscape

19

Sustainability approach

Building 20 materials

The green Ample roof, locally Daylight sourced usage materials

Concrete, Concrete, steel, glass steel, glass facade, facade, tensile green roof roof

The green roof, daylight utilization

Concrete, steel, glass facade, green roof

Sustainable features as per guidelines, Designed as maximum per green use of building daylight, standards water management, waste management, etc

Concrete, steel, glass facade.

Concrete, steel, glass structure with locally sourced materials.

94

6.DESIGN BRIEF AND OBJECTIVES 6.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS The design shall consist mainly of two spaces. They are The convention centre and the exhibition centre. According to the tender floated by the Government of Karnataka, the main convention hall shall consist of a multi-purpose conference/plenary hall of 6000 capacity, the exhibition space shall be 8500sq.m in size. The parking shall be on the surface as well as multi-level. The project shall have plenty of open spaces, gardens small and big, and an amphitheatre for 1000 people. Along with these basic requirements, spaces for meetings and VIPs shall be provided too.

6.2 DESIGN OBJECTIVES •

To systematically accommodate convention and exhibition centre

•

To take full advantage of the site location and make a one of a kind project suitable for international meets.

•

To provide enough public spaces and outdoor interaction spaces.

•

Flexibility is a priority.

•

To maximize building performance by paying attention to circulation, services.

•

To attract people for large scale as well as small scale events to improve revenue generation.

•

To create a space ideal for business interaction, tourism.

•

To have an impactful experience and create a unique getaway experience.

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6.3 DESIGN BRIEF A

Convention Centre

Sr. No

Area (each Total unit) Area

Particulars

Capacity

1

Entrance Lobby/Prefunctional areas (Reception, Info desk, security, lounge) 1

4800

4800

8000

2

Main Hall (Multipurpose)

1

7200

7200

6000

3

Seminar Hall 1

4

300

1200

250

4

Seminar Hall 2

4

600

2400

500

5

Seminar Hall 3

1

1200

1200

1000

6

Meeting Room 1

4

40

160

25

7

Meeting Room 2

4

80

320

50

8

Meeting Room 3

2

120

240

75

9

Meeting Room 4

2

160

320

100

10

Conference Room 1

8

50

400

25

11

Conference Room 2

2

100

200

50

12

Dedicated conference dining

1

100

100

50

13

Break out room 1

1

800

800

400

14

Break out room 2

2

400

800

200

15

Break out room 3

4

200

800

100

16

Break out room 4

4

100

400

50

17

VIP lounge

2

20

40

18

VVIP lounge

2

30

60

19

Media centre

2

120

240

150

20

Press Conference Room

2

120

240

150

21

Food court

1

3000

3000

1500

22

Food and Beverages

5

510

2550

300

23

Business Centre Offices (Xerox, Print, Mails, ATMs, Foreign exchange, flourists)

20

25

500

24

Interpretation Room

10

6

60

25

Housekeeping (Linen, Carpet, Storage, table cloth, etc) 1

40

40

No. of units

5

96

26

Cleaning store (Disinfectants, floor cleaning) 1

30

30

27

Laundry (Washing, drying, etc)

1

30

30

28

Stores (furniture, equipments,etc

5

50

250

29

First Aid

1

25

25

30

Toilets (for staff)

As req

As req

31

Toilets (for users)

As req

As req

32

Services

As req

As req

Total Area Of Convention Centre(A) B

28405

Auditorium No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

Capacity

1

Foyer, Prefunctional Area (Entrance lobby)

1

2100

2100

3500

2

Main auditorium (Stage and Seating)

1

3150

3150

3500

3

Green rooms: Male

2

25

50

4

Female

2

25

50

5

Prop storage

2

25

50

6

Practice Room

2

110

220

7

Store room

2

60

120

8

Projection room

1

25

25

9

Interpretation Room

10

6

60

10

VIP lounge

2

20

40

11

VVIP lounge

2

30

60

12

Toilets (Staff)

As req

As req

13

Toilets (Users)

As req

As req

14

Services

As req

As req

Sr.No Particulars

Total area Of Auditorium (B) C Sr. No

100

5

5925

Exhibition Centre Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

Capacity 97

1

Foyer, Prefunctional Area (Info counter, Registration,etc) 1

1000

1000

2

Exhibition Hall 1

2

3000

6000

3

Exhibition Hall 2

1

4200

4200

4

Stores

5

50

250

5

VIP viewing gallery

2

30

60

6

Organise's Office

3

60

180

7

Food Court

1

2000

2000

8

Supervisors Office

1

25

25

9

Security Manager's Office

1

20

20

10

Food and Beverages

5

510

2550

11

Toilets (Staff)

As req

As req

12

Toilets (Users)

As req

As req

13

Loading/Unloading bays

As req

As req

14

Services

As req

As req

Total Indoor Exhibition Area

16285

Outdoor Exhibition Area

10000

Total Exhibition Centre Area (C)

26285

D

Offices (Other Departments)

D1

Technical Department

Sr. No

Particulars

1

300

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

No.of people

General Manager

1

30

30

1

2

Assistant General Manager

1

25

25

1

3

Assitants

1

25

25

5

4

Executives

1

50

50

15

5

Maintenance staff (Plumber, electrician, carpenter, etc)

1

50

50

6

Toilet for Staff

As req

7

Storeroom, Maintenance rooms

2

8

Services

As req

As req 25

50 As req

98

Total Area for Technical department (D1)

D2

230

Accounts Department

Sr.No Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

1

General Manager Accounts

1

30

30

1

2

Assistant General Manager

1

25

25

1

3

Executives

1

50

50

15

4

Meeting/Conference Rooms

1

100

100

5

Toilet for Staff

As req

6

Waiting area

1

7

Services

As req

As req 20

20

20

As req

Total Area for Accounts department (D2)

D3

No.of people

225

Admin Department

Sr.No Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

1

HR. Head

1

30

30

1

2

Programmer

1

25

25

1

3

Executives

1

25

25

6

4

Meeting/Conference Rooms

1

25

25

5

Toilet for Staff

As req

6

Waiting area

7

Purchase Department

1

8

Services

As req

Total Area for Admin department (D3)

D4

No.of people

As req 50

200

10

50

10

As req

355

28

C.E.O Office 99

Sr. No

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

No.of people

Particulars

1

Permanent Director's room

2

25

50

2

2

CEO's Cabin

1

30

30

1

3

Assistant

1

25

25

1

4

Executives

1

25

25

6

5

Board room

1

20

20

10

6

Toilet for Staff

As req

7

Waiting area

8

Services

As req 20

As req

As req

Total Area for CEO's Office (D4)

D5

10

120

28

Rental Offices and Meeting rooms

Sr. No

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

No.of people

Particulars

1

General Manager

1

30

30

1

2

Assistant General Manager

1

25

25

1

3

Small Offices

10

25

250

10*10

4

Medium Offices

10

50

500

20*10

5

Conference Rooms

5

100

500

30*5

6

Toilet for Staff

As req

As req

7

Services

As req

As req

E Sr. No

Total Area for Rental offices (D5)

1305

Gross Total Area for all departments

2235

Circulation for all departments

670.5

30%

Common Canteen for all departments

90

50

Total Area for all departments

2995.5

2

Kitchen Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

m²/person 100

1

Supply of goods (Loading/Unloading)

1

50

50

2

Dry store(beverage, crockery, cloth, trolley station)

5

20

100

3

Wet store: (Perishable Items)

4

20

80

4

Fruits, Vegetables, meat and fish, dairy)

5

Preparation Station:

a

Vegeterian:

1

10

10

b

Non-Vegeterian

1

10

10

c

Finishing and serving (Garnishing)

d

Vegetarian serving

1

10

10

e

Non-Vegeterian serving

1

10

10

f

Cold preperation

1

10

10

g

Bakery

1

20

20

h

Dishwashing, other cleanings

1

40

40

i

Waste disposal area

1

30

30

6

Staff Toilet

As req

As req

Gross Area of kitchen

370

Circulation

111

Total Kitchen Area (E)

481

F

Food and Beverage

F1

Food court

Sr.No Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

1

Dining area

1

540

540

2

Kitchen Area

1

481

481

3

Toilets (Staff)

As req

As req

4

Toilets (public)

As req

As req

Gross area of the restaurant

1021

Circulation

306.3

Total Area of Foodcourt

1327.3

30%

No.of people 300

101

F2

Restaurants (Total 3)

Sr.No Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

1

Dining area

1

100

100

2

Kitchen Area

1

250

250

3

Toilets (Staff)

As req

As req

4

Toilets (public)

As req

As req

Gross area of the restaurant

350

Circulation

105

Total Area of a single restaurant

455

Total Area for 3 restaurants F3

1365

No.of people 50

1365

Bar/ Lounge (Total no 2)

Sr.No Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

No.of people

1

Bar lounge

1

45

45

25

2

Bar storage

1

30

30

3

Satellite Kitchen

1

100

100

4

Toilets (public)

As req

5

Gross area of Bar 1

175

6

Circulation

52.5

Total Area of single Bar/lounge

227.5

Total Area of 2 Bars/lounges F4

As req

455

455

Cafes (Total no 4)

Sr.No Particulars

No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

1

Bar lounge

1

36

36

2

Bar storage

1

30

30

3

Satellite Kitchen

1

100

100

4

Toilets (public)

As req

5

Gross area of Bar 1

166

6

Circulation

49.8

No.of people 20

As req

102

The total area of a single cafe

215.8

The total area of 4 cafes

863.2

Total Food and Beverage area(F)

G

Amphitheatre

Sr. No

Particulars

1

863.2

4010.5 Capacity 1000pax No. of units

Area (each Total unit) Area

No.of people

Seating

1

900

900

1000

2

Stage

1

50

50

3

Toilets

As req

As req

Total Amphitheatre Area (G)

950

Total Built-up area (A+B+C+D+E+F+G)

69052

Parking of 1000 cars shall be provided (In basement as well as on ground)

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7. SITE 7.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA:

Figure 74: Map of India demarcating Karnataka and Bengaluru

About Bengaluru: 7.1.1 Strength: •

Bengaluru is the IT capital of India.

•

Bengaluru is a megacity that is the third most populated city in India. It is a major hub for multiple businesses, start-ups and especially the IT sector.

•

Lalbagh botanical garden, Cubbon Park, Bannerghatta Biological Park, Bheemeshwari are great landscaped gardens, camping, adventures, etc.

•

Heritage monuments like Bangalore Palace, Tipu Sultan’s summer palace, Devanahalli Fort, etc are very famous.

•

It is one of the fastest-growing cities of India which comprises a dynamic blend of people who belong to the various types of religions, communities and castes.

Because of the well-known IT sector, people from all around the world are migrating to this city.

•

It is famous for pubs, bars and restaurants

•

Many destinations are great for weekend getaways near Bengaluru. They are: Mysore, Srirangapatna, Melkote, ShravanaBelagola, Nandi Hills, Kaveri Nisragadhama, Bylakuppe etc 104

•

The language used is Kannada. Most bus signs, street signs and lots of other places have Kannada on them which can be difficult for another person to read.

•

The traffic and pollution in this city are rising by the day.

•

It has a high level of literacy and English-speaking crowds.

•

Local transport has good connectivity too.

7.1.2 Accessibility (modes of transport): Air: Bengaluru has its International airport which has regular flights coming and going to all parts of the world.

Car: It is close to other cities like Mysore, Coimbatore, Tirupati, etc. Chennai is close to Bengaluru (350 km, 7 hours), while Mumbai is farther (980 km, 18hours)

Railway: Bengaluru City railway station is the main station connecting cities like Chennai, Salem, Mysore, Hyderabad, etc.

7.1.3 Opportunities: •

This project will be a financial hub for small scale businesses to large scale businesses. As Bengaluru does not have an International standard convention centre that can house thousands of people, Large scale business to business meetings is not possible.

•

With the introduction to this project, Bengaluru will have flexible spaces for meetings, conferences and exhibitions. It shall be an iconic landmark not only for the city but also for the state of Karnataka. Business to Business and Government to business type of meetings shall take place here.

•

It will be a platform for 6000 to 7000 people to gather at one time. This will not only increase the demand in tourist activities around Bengaluru and Karnataka but also increase the economy flow into the state. International conventions shall attract people from all sorts of countries. The Indian economy will affect a bigger picture.

105

•

The site is placed right next to the Bengaluru Airport which is another advantage as people can reduce travel time to and fro.

•

Heritage Tourism: The city has wonderful ancient marvels that are a major tourist attraction.

•

Business Tourism: This sector is on a hike as Bengaluru has filled with IT sector and most of India’s startups.

•

Educational Tourism: Karnataka state has multiple schools, colleges, and reputed universities in every field. Education tourism is a plus for the project.

•

All the above tourism activities enhance Bengaluru and Karnataka. Users coming to the Convention and Exhibition Centre could extend their business trip to experience all the different types of tourism Karnataka and Bengaluru offer. This in turn benefits the state as well as the city.

7.1.4 Geography: Bengaluru is a landlocked city which is located in the heart of the Mysore Plateau.

Average elevation: 920 metres (3,020 ft) Area: 1741 km² (673 mi²) 80% of the total water supply is provided by the Kaveri river and 20% by the reservoirs of Arkavathi river.

Bangalore has a handful of freshwater lakes and water tanks Soil types: Red laterite and red, fine loamy to clayey soils.

Seismic region: Zone III (stable) Rainfall: 970 mm annually between August, September, and October.

Climate: ranges from 15°C to 35°C Bangalore has two unique Topography terrains—North Bangalore taluk and the South Bangalore taluk.

Topography: Undulating with a central ridge running NNE-SSW.

106

The North Bangalore taluk is a relatively more level plateau while the South Bangalore taluk has an uneven landscape with intermingling hills and valleys.

Seismic Zone: Bengaluru falls under Zone II. Figure 75: Seismic zone - Map of india

7.2 DESCRIPTION OF SITE: The site is located in Devanahalli, Bengaluru.

It is located around 40kms to the northeast side of Bengaluru.

Bengaluru International Airport is situated in this area.

It falls under the Bengaluru Rural District.

Devanahalli has multiple infrastructure development projects lined up which shall be over ₹20,450 billion worth. It has significant real estate development of both commercial and residential areas.

It was also the birthplace of Tipu Sultan.

7.2.1 Location of site: Location: Devanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Landmark: Next to Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru Area: 35 Acres Longitude and Latitude: 13°12’47 N 77°40’46 E Altitude: 900m Climatic Zone: Moderate climate

107

The project is proposed in Devanahalli Business Park which is an upcoming development of the Karnataka government.

Figure 76: Graphical representation of the site location

Figure 77: Google map image showing the distance from Urban Bengaluru to site

108

Figure 78: Google earth image showing Bengaluru International Airport and Devanahalli Business Park

Figure 79: Google earth map with demarcation of the Devanahalli Business park indicating the site location

The site falls in the Bengaluru International Airport Area Planning Authority (BIAAPA) a special planning authority to regulate development in the area and hence the zoning of land use and regulations of BIAAPA are applicable. As per the same, the height of the buildings in BIAAPA is limited to the maximum of G+7 floors or 25 m whichever is lower. Project Site is categorized under ‘Area of Special Control - Airport Zone’ as per the BIAAPA Master Plan 2021.

109

Figure 80: Map demarcating the BICC site in the Business park

7.2.2 About Bengaluru Signature Business Park (BSBP) The site is located in the upcoming project - Bengaluru Signature Business Park (BSBP) which is a 408-acre project. It will consist of multiple projects divided into sectors/districts.

These districts will range from the business district, mice and retail district, design and culture district, innovation and research district and other office buildings. It shall have parks, malls and multiplexes, clubs, cultural museums, corporate offices, commercial retail, arts and crafts centre, design institute, incubation centre, universal library, theme park, International convention and exhibition centre, etc.

Figure 81: Area demarcation of the entire business park showing BICC site

110

Figure 82: AutoCAD drawing showing the site extents

The total site area is 35acres.

7.2.3 Accessibility: Airport: Kempegowda International Airport

Figure 83: Distance from the Bengaluru International airport to the entrance of the Business park

Nearest Railway station - Yelahanka Junction station (23.2kms away) •

Kempegowda

International

Airport halt is an upcoming Indian Railways station.

•

Airport City Station is the new upcoming metro station.

Figure 84: Nearest Railway station to the site

111

Bus stops near Devanahalli Business Park: (By car/auto) BMTC Bus stop- 13mins away Bachanahalli Gate-9 mins away Bhuvanahalli gate- 7 mins away Palya Gate- 9 mins away Dhaba Gate- 8 mins away Figure 85: Bus stops nearby the site

Hotels nearby: (By car/auto) 5-star category: Taj Bangalore- 20 mins away 3-star category: Hotel Presidency- 16 mins away Regenta Inn-16mins away Signature Club resort - 10 mins away

Major Roads: Srinagar Kanyakumari Highway / Bellary road Chennekothapalli road Water booster road

112

7.3 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS: 7.3.1 Sun Path:

Figure 86: Sun Path Diagram of Bengaluru

Figure 87: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th May 2020 at 9am

Figure 88: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th May 2020 at 4pm

113

Figure 89: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th November 2020 at 9am

Figure 90: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th November 2020 at 4pm

Sun path Analysis: •

The above images are taken on two days i.e Mid May and Mid November. In summer months, the Morning shadow is cast in the west direction and Evening shadows are cast in the east direction.

•

While, in the winter months, the shadows cast in the morning are west and northwest facing and during winters, longer shadows facing the east and northeast are seen.

7.3.2 Temperature:

Figure 91: Average temperature and precipitation of Bengaluru

114

Average Temperature and Precipitation: Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years.

Figure 92: Annual average weather of Bengaluru

Figure 93: Graph showing cloudy, sunny and precipitation days

115

Figure 94: Graph showing maximum temperatures of Bengaluru throughout the year

Temperature Analysis: •

The temperature at Bengaluru ranges from a minimum of 18° C to a maximum of 34°C. Bengaluru consists of Moderate type of climate. This means that it does not have extreme weather conditions, be it during winters or summers.

•

The month's March, April and May are the hottest months that experience temperatures between 25-35°C. The rest of the months (June-Feb) are cooler and range from 18-25°C.

•

Conventions take place during winters. The months September to January is the time when most conventions are held in India. Climate plays an important role. As Bengaluru climate is cooler than the rest of the major cities in India, it has multiple benefits for the project.

•

As most of the months are sunny and cloudy, solar energy generation shall be done easily.

116

7.3.3 Wind direction and speed:

Figure 95: Windrose diagram of Bengaluru

Figure 96: Graph showing the wind speed of Bengaluru throughout the year

117

Figure 97: Frequency of wind direction in every season

Analysis of wind data: •

The wind direction changes in summers and winters. During the summer season, the wind direction is prevalent from the west and during the winter season, wind direction is prevalent from the east. During other seasons, wind direction is prevalent from both west and east sides.

•

Wind direction from both the east and west sides shall be beneficial for designing, as ventilation throughout shall be great throughout the year.

118

7.4 SITE DETAILS:

Figure 98: Site analysis

The site has ample Green open spaces around.

The road on the north is 30m wise and the road on the south is 24m wide.

The prevailing wind direction is from the west during the summers and east during the winters.

7.4.1 Topography: The topography within 2 miles of Kempegowda International Airport contains only modest variations in elevation, with a maximum elevation change of 171 feet and an average elevation above sea level of 2,937 feet. Within 10 miles contains only modest variations in elevation (774 feet). Within 50 miles contains significant variations in elevation (3,120 feet).

The area within 2 miles of Kempegowda International Airport is covered by cropland (87%), within 10 miles by cropland (93%), and within 50 miles by cropland (90%).

Soil type:

119

Figure 99: Devanahalli soil type

Devanahalli has laterite soil type.

Topography and Elevation of the site: The Orange, Yellow and Red section lines roughly near the site show the horizontal contours of the site. It has a minimum horizontal slope ranging from 897-900m. Whereas the vertical section lines- Blue, Green and dark green are vertically cutting the site. They show contours increasing approximately 1m for every 50m. (897m-906m)

120

Figure 100: Site topography

7.4.2 Flora and Fauna: Flora: Australian wattle, Butterfly tree, Red silk-cotton tree, Popcorn bush cedar, Coconut palm, Gulmohur, Mast tree, Indian cork tree, East Indian walnut.

Lakes: Bengaluru is famous for lakes all around the area. Some famous lakes around are- Ulsoor Lake, Hebbal Lake Lalbagh Lake, Agara Lake Madiwala Lake, Kaikondrahalli Lake, Sankey Tank, Nagavara Lake, etc to name a few.

7.4.3 Stormwater drainage The following plan shows the stormwater drainage pattern around the site. The red arrows show the direction of the stormwater drainage. The plan also indicates parking on the north side and the west side of the site.

121

Figure 101: Plan showing drainage around the site

7.4.4 Portable water line There is a Potable water bulk pipeline (in blue) running on the south side of the site. There is also a portable water tank and pump house(Air Valve(purple) and a Scour valve(light blue)) on the Southeast side of the site. There is a connection chamber on the south of the site.

Figure 102: Plan showing potable water line around the site

122

7.4.5 Site Images:

Figure 103: Images of the site

7.5 SWOT ANALYSIS: 7.5.1 Strength: •

The site is centrally located in the upcoming business park.

•

The site is surrounded by green patches out of which the green path above the site is reserved for parking.

•

The roads adjoining the site are wide (30m and 24m) and provide good connectivity for users, hosts, as well as services.

•

Climate is favourable for outdoor events as it is neither too hot nor too cold throughout the year.

7.5.2 Weakness: •

Main roads run around the site which could lead to traffic noise and noise pollution.

•

Currently, no other public transport is available nearby. (except for bus stops which are also far away)

123

•

It is not a stand-alone structure. It is dependent on the Business park for entry and exit around the site.

•

The site has a lake on the east side called Bettakote Lake. Winds coming from the east and Northeast side shall be cool and can be used to enhance the micro-climate of the site.

7.5.3 Opportunities: •

As the site is centrally located, it can be a landmark, eye-catching project.

•

Upcoming transport development like the metro and railway stations shall be beneficial for better connectivity.

•

Open spaces in and around the site shall act as great public spaces.

•

Parking areas around site shall benefit in handling traffic during peak season.

•

Commercial and social activities shall attract more and more users to use the centre.

•

The groundwater table in the region of Devanahalli is depleting. Rainwater harvesting and groundwater replenishment can be done.

7.5.4 Threats: •

As the business park shall have multiple other projects, traffic along the roads of the site shall be prone to heavy traffic.

•

Entry and exit are in the hands of the business park authorities and the site wouldn’t have independent or direct access to the main roads.

•

As population growth keeps on increasing, traffic shall be more prone around the site.

124

7.6 DESIGN OBJECTIVES W.R.T SITE 1. To take into account the environmental aspects during the initial phase of designing.

2. To create landscape greenways as connectors that interlink clusters creating spaces that shall be available for both active and passive recreation.

3. To create interesting open spaces for the users which can be used for multipurpose outdoor events.

4. To avoid cutting of trees and building along with the site and if they are cut to make sure to reposition/replant the trees.

5. To design building façade taking into consideration local and environmentally friendly materials. Even though most of the built form will be steel, concrete and glass; some local materials can be used in other spaces.

6. To use passive design strategies for energy-efficient building.

125

8.ANNEXURE 8.1 Tender notice

Figure 104: Tender notice on KSIIDC website.

8.2 List of figures Figure 1: Mice Meaning....................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2:Estimated no. of participants around the world (1963-2019) .............................. 10 Figure 3: Graph showing total no. of international meetings as of 28th April 2020 ......... 10 Figure 4: Map showing countries hosting Mice events, meetings per annum in the year 2017.................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 5: ICCA graph showing progress in meetings worldwide...................................... 12 Figure 6: ICCA Rankings across the world leaders of the MICE Industry (2017)............ 12 Figure 7: According to the 2019 Report of the ICCA, India ranks 28th in the world with 158 Meetings per annum .................................................................................................... 13 Figure 8: Figures in percentage (2017) .............................................................................. 14 Figure 9: Preferred cities for Mice Events. 3 base metros of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata in addition to Bangalore are the TOM recall of all the segments at both demand as well as supply end .......................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 10: Need for convention and exhibition centres ..................................................... 17 Figure 11: Impact of Bengaluru International convention and exhibition centre .............. 17 Figure 12: Types of auditorium seating geometry ............................................................. 35 Figure 13: Seating dimensions ........................................................................................... 36 Figure 14: Row widths for 16 & 25 seats .......................................................................... 37 126

Figure 15: Seating dimensions ........................................................................................... 38 Figure 16: Proportions of a traditional auditorium view ................................................... 38 Figure 17: Proportions of a traditional auditorium ............................................................ 39 Figure 18: Angle of vision ................................................................................................. 39 Figure 19: Row widths and exits ....................................................................................... 40 Figure 20: Total exit widths according to the no of people ............................................... 40 Figure 21: Graphic representation of vertical sight lines ................................................... 41 Figure 22: Vancouver convention centre ........................................................................... 51 Figure 23: Graphical representation showing west and east wing ..................................... 52 Figure 24: West exhibition level plan ................................................................................ 53 Figure 25: West exhibition- level 1 details ........................................................................ 54 Figure 26: West level 2 plan .............................................................................................. 55 Figure 27: West level 3 plan .............................................................................................. 56 Figure 28: East wing convention level............................................................................... 56 Figure 29: East wing meeting level plan............................................................................ 58 Figure 30: View of the outdoor plaza during an ongoing event ........................................ 59 Figure 31: Sands expo and convention centre, Singapore ................................................. 62 Figure 32: Map showing the Marina Bay sands complex.................................................. 63 Figure 33: Plan of Marina bay sands complex................................................................... 64 Figure 34: Graphical representation of the complex.......................................................... 64 Figure 35: View of the sands expo and convention centre building .................................. 65 Figure 36: Exploded view of all levels of the centre ......................................................... 65 Figure 37: Exhibition level plans L1 & B2 ........................................................................ 66 Figure 38: Level 3 plan showing ballrooms ...................................................................... 67 Figure 39: Level 3 room size and seating capacity ............................................................ 67 Figure 40: Level 4 plan showing ballrooms ...................................................................... 68 Figure 41: Level 4 room size and seating capacity ............................................................ 69 Figure 42: Level 5 plan ...................................................................................................... 70 Figure 43: Level 5 plan showing the grand ballroom ........................................................ 70 Figure 44: Night view of the centre ................................................................................... 70 Figure 45: Roof plan of the structures ............................................................................... 71 Figure 46: Mahatma mandir convention and exhibition centre, Gujarat ........................... 73 Figure 47: Google map image showing the location of the centre .................................... 74 Figure 48: Mahatma mandir site plan ................................................................................ 76 Figure 49: View of the complex showing convention and exhibition centre on either sides and the Dandi kutir along with the bridge ......................................................................... 77 Figure 50: View of the porch ............................................................................................. 78 Figure 51: Meeting room view .......................................................................................... 79 Figure 52: Ground floor block plan ................................................................................... 79 Figure 53: First floor block plan ........................................................................................ 80 Figure 54: Conference room view ..................................................................................... 80 Figure 55: Seminar hall view ............................................................................................. 80 Figure 56: View of the exhibition hall ............................................................................... 81 Figure 57: View of the Dandi march bridge and Dandi kutir ............................................ 81 127

Figure 58: Dandi march bridge .......................................................................................... 81 Figure 59: Area for open events......................................................................................... 82 Figure 60: View of the Dandi kutir .................................................................................... 82 Figure 61: View of the amphitheatre ................................................................................. 82 Figure 62: Elevation of the convention centre building..................................................... 82 Figure 63: Hyderabad International convention and exhibition centre, Hyderabad .......... 84 Figure 64: Google map image showing the location of the centre .................................... 84 Figure 65: Site plan ............................................................................................................ 85 Figure 66: Ground floor plan ............................................................................................. 87 Figure 67: First floor plan .................................................................................................. 87 Figure 68: Second floor plan.............................................................................................. 88 Figure 69: Reception lobby ................................................................................................ 89 Figure 70: Main convention hall-Reception seating .......................................................... 89 Figure 71: Main convention hall- Theatre seating ............................................................. 89 Figure 72: Conference room .............................................................................................. 90 Figure 73: External view of the structure .......................................................................... 90 Figure 74: Map of India demarcating Karnataka and Bengaluru .................................... 104 Figure 75: Seismic zone - Map of india ........................................................................... 107 Figure 76: Graphical representation of the site location .................................................. 108 Figure 77: Google map image showing the distance from Urban Bengaluru to site ....... 108 Figure 78: Google earth image showing Bengaluru International Airport and Devanahalli Business Park ................................................................................................................... 109 Figure 79: Google earth map with demarcation of the Devanahalli Business park indicating the site location ............................................................................................... 109 Figure 80: Map demarcating the BICC site in the Business park .................................... 110 Figure 81: Area demarcation of the entire business park showing BICC site ................. 110 Figure 82: AutoCAD drawing showing the site extents .................................................. 111 Figure 83: Distance from the Bengaluru International airport to the entrance of the Business park ................................................................................................................... 111 Figure 84: Nearest Railway station to the site ................................................................. 111 Figure 85: Bus stops nearby the site ................................................................................ 112 Figure 86: Sun Path Diagram of Bengaluru ..................................................................... 113 Figure 87: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th May 2020 at 9am............................ 113 Figure 88: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th May 2020 at 4pm ........................... 113 Figure 89: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th November 2020 at 9am .................. 114 Figure 90: Sun path diagram of Bengaluru on 17th November 2020 at 4pm .................. 114 Figure 91: Average temperature and precipitation of Bengaluru .................................... 114 Figure 92: Annual average weather of Bengaluru ........................................................... 115 Figure 93: Graph showing cloudy, sunny and precipitation days .................................... 115 Figure 94: Graph showing maximum temperatures of Bengaluru throughout the year .. 116 Figure 95: Windrose diagram of Bengaluru .................................................................... 117 Figure 96: Graph showing the wind speed of Bengaluru throughout the year ................ 117 Figure 97: Frequency of wind direction in every season ................................................. 118 Figure 98: Site analysis .................................................................................................... 119 128

Figure 99: Devanahalli soil type ...................................................................................... 120 Figure 100: Site topography............................................................................................. 121 Figure 101: Plan showing drainage around the site ......................................................... 122 Figure 102: Plan showing potable water line around the site .......................................... 122 Figure 103: Images of the site .......................................................................................... 123 Figure 104: Tender notice on KSIIDC website. .............................................................. 126

8.3 List of tables Table 1: ICCA 2018 report, Delhi and Bengaluru ranking ............................................... 14 Table 2: ICCA 2019 report, Delhi and Bengaluru ranking ............................................... 14 Table 3: Major spaces in a convention centre .................................................................... 25 Table 4: Types of congress and convention sessions......................................................... 29 Table 5: Lobby movement of a convention centre ............................................................ 30 Table 6: Types of meeting spaces, capacity, and uses ....................................................... 31 Table 7: List of spaces and the area required per person ................................................... 32 Table 8: Characteristics of trade fairs and consumer exhibitions ...................................... 44 Table 9: Different types of exhibition programs - small trade shows and international fairs ............................................................................................................................................ 46 Table 10: Different parties and their roles ......................................................................... 47 Table 11: Range of facilities .............................................................................................. 50 Table 12: West exhibition hall details ............................................................................... 53 Table 13: West wing figure 1 details ................................................................................. 55 Table 14: East wing ballroom details................................................................................. 57 Table 15: East wing exhibition details ............................................................................... 58 Table 16: Area of different spaces and their seating capacity ........................................... 83

8.4. Bibliography

8.4.1 Websites: •

https://www.successfulmeetings.com/Strategy/Meetings-Events/DefyingConvention-7-Ways-Convention-Centers-Are-Changing-to-Stay-Relevant

•

https://www.lane-endconferences.co.uk/news/The_History_of_Conference_Centres.html

•

http://tourism.gov.in/sites/default/files/Other/MICE_India_final.pdf 129

•

https://www.incredibleindia.org/content/incredibleindia/en/discoverindia/mice.html

•

https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200113005389/en/IndiaOutbound-MICE-Tourism-Market-Size-Set

•

https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/travel-tourism/

•

https://3wnews.org/uncategorised/2649233/events-industry-market-demandand-opportunities-2019-2026/

•

http://exhibitionguru.com.au/types-of-exhibitions/

8.4.2 Research papers and articles: •

Andrea Doyle. (June 4, 2014). ‘Defying Convention: 7 Ways Convention Centers Are Changing to Stay Relevant’, from https://www.successfulmeetings.com.

•

Amanda Erikson, (June 12, 2012) ‘Is it time to stop building convention centres?’, from https://www.bloomberg.com

•

Keshari Ranjan, (May 22, 2019), ‘Mice in India – Growing popularity’, from www.miceindiaa.com

•

Fred Lawson, Congress, Convention and Exhibition Facilities, 2000, Architectural Press

•

AIPCO (International Association of Professional Congress Organizers), Planning a Conference Centre, February 2008.

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