Comparative criminal justice systems 5th edition dammer test bank

Comparative Criminal Justice Systems 5th Edition Dammer Test Bank Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow nload/comparative-criminal-justice-systems-5th-edition-dammer-test-bank/

CHAPTER 5 - LAW ENFORCEMENT: FUNCTIONS, ORGANIZATION AND CURRENT ISSUES Multiple Choice

1. The deviance control function of the police includes all, but: A. Reinforcement of community values and laws B. Protecting the community against nonconformists C. Suppressing dissent D. Keeping violators of community norms under control ANS: C

REF: 101

OBJ: 1

2. In nondemocratic societies, police are expected to be responsive chiefly to: A. The ruling elite B. The citizens C. Government officials D. The general public ANS: A

REF: 100

OBJ: 3

3. In which model nation is both deviance control and civil order control performed by regular street police?

A. England B. France C. Germany D. Saudi Arabia ANS: A

REF: 101

OBJ: 1

4. The two police organizations in France are: A. Police Nationale and Compagnies Republicains de Securite B. Police Nationale and Gendarmerie Nationale C. Gendarmerie Nationale and Gendarmerie Mobile D. Compagnies Republicains de Securite and Gendarmerie Mobile ANS: B

REF: 105

OBJ: 3

5. Which of the following is not one of the common tools England has implemented in law enforcement since the 1990’s?

A. More sophisticated computer technology B. Better use of DNA testing C. Extensive use of closed circuit television D. New booking strategies ANS: D

REF: 105

OBJ: 3

6. Which police force in Germany is made up of plain clothes police, who handle serious crime investigations and situations that require developing a case against a suspect?

A. Schupo B. Kripo C. Bepo D. BGS ANS: B

REF: 107

OBJ: 3

7. The major issue of concern for police in Germany within the past 20 years has been?

A. Terrorism B. Large amounts of immigration C. Drug trafficking D. Human trafficking ANS: B

REF: 108

OBJ: 4

8. During which dynasty did police become more formalized and bureaucratic with a central administration and uniform laws in China?

A. Zhou Dynasty B. Han Dynasty C. Qin Dynasty D. Sung Dynasty ANS: C

REF: 108

OBJ: 3

9. Which police force makes up about 90% of all the police in China?

A. Public security police B. State security police C. Prison police D. Judicial procuratorates police ANS: A

REF: 109

OBJ: 3

10. The mutawa in Saudi Arabia are the: A. Regular police B. Morals police C. Civil order police D. Secret police ANS: B

REF: 113

OBJ: 3

11. Which of the following is one of the most famous examples of the use of computer technology to analyze crime data and assess the extent of crime that was used in New York City?

A. CompStat B. DNA Databases C. Crime mapping D. Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) ANS: A

REF: 115

OBJ: 2

12. Which of the following is the biggest issue about the influx of private police into the law enforcement arena?

A. Quality issues B. Lack of accountability C. Lack of regulation in almost every country D. Inability to coordinate with public security agencies ANS: C

REF: 117

OBJ: 4

13. Which of the following is not an example of the terms used to describe Police Corruption discussed in the book?

A. Kickbacks B. Shakedowns C. Hazing D. Break-ins ANS: D

REF: 119

OBJ: 4

14. Which of the following is not one of the objections discussed involving community policing strategies?

A. Too expensive B. May work in one jurisdiction, but not another C. Its effectiveness is hard to determine D. Intrusive on citizens ANS: A

REF: 115

OBJ: 2

15. Which of the following is not one of the three areas that the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime does not serve?

A. Providing technical support to countries that wish to fight illegal drugs, crime, and terrorism B. Conducting research about illegal drugs, crime, and terrorism C. Collecting donations from its member countries to disseminate to human rights initiatives D. Assisting countries that wish to develop and ratify legislation and treaties regarding drugs, crime, and terrorism ANS: C

REF: 120

OBJ: 5

Sentence Completion

1. Police perform two major functions in modern societies: ________________ and _________________.

ANS: Deviance control, Civil order control

REF: 101

OBJ: 1

2. In England, __________________serves as a national repository for information on crime statistics, criminal activity, missing persons, fingerprints and juvenile delinquent data.

ANS: Scotland Yard

REF: 104

OBJ: 3

3. In England, the _____________officers are those who work along with regular officers in neighborhood policing areas and perform routine duties, assisting and supporting police officers, gathering intelligence, carrying out security patrols and, through their presence alone, reassuring the public.

ANS: PSCOs

REF: 104

OBJ: 3

4. In Germany, the ________________________ are organized along military lines but are under the supervision of the Ministry of the Interior, not the Ministry of Defense.

ANS: Federal Border Police

REF: 107

OBJ: 3

5. The German constitution allows each _____________ to have its own police law and force.

ANS: Lander

REF: 107

OBJ: 3

6. In Japan, __________________________ handles all matters related to national security. It provides training, research, crime investigation, communications and public safety.

ANS: The National Police Agency (NPA)

REF: 111

OBJ: 3

7. The two police organizations in France are the_________________, responsible for Paris and urban areas, and the_________________, responsible for rural areas and communities of less than 10,000 people.

ANS: Police Nationale, Gendarmerie Nationale

REF: 106

OBJ: 3

8. In Japan, the __________ is a police post located in an urban neighborhood and in large cities one may be found every few blocks.

ANS: Koban

REF: 111

OBJ: 3

9. In Japan, the rural police officer is known as ______________.

ANS: Chusai-san

REF: 111

OBJ: 3

10. In Saudi Arabia, the ______________ or secret police, conduct criminal investigations and handle matters pertaining to domestic security and counterintelligence.

ANS: Mubahith

REF: 113

OBJ: 3

11. _________________ is an umbrella term that describes programs that serve as collaborative efforts between the police and the public to identify problems of crime and to find solutions to those problems.

ANS: Community policing

REF: 114

OBJ: 2

12. _________________ can be defined as any independent or proprietary commercial organization that provides protective services to employees on a contractual basis.

ANS: Private police

REF: 117

OBJ: 4

13. Police officers act ____________, when in exercising or failing to exercise their authority, they act with the primary intention of furthering private or departmental advantage.

ANS: Corruptly

REF: 118

OBJ: 5

14. The term used to describe the range of military, police and civilian interventions that seek to restore order and create a sustainable society after a period of war is: ____________________.

ANS: Peace operations

REF: 121

OBJ: 5

15. _________________ (formerly CIVPOL), was first implemented as a civilian police initiative in 1960 to assist in peacekeeping operations.

ANS: The United Nations Police (UNPOL)

REF: 121

OBJ: 5

True/False 1. The English police have tried to develop the image of being, “civilians in uniform”: friendly, helpful and capable.

ANS: T

REF: 103

OBJ: 3

2. To assist the regular police in London there are two other kinds of law enforcement, the Metropolitan Specialty Constabulary and Police community support officers (PCSOs).

ANS: T

REF: 103

OBJ: 3

3. The Police Nationale is the larger of the two police forces in France.

ANS: T

REF: 106

OBJ: 3

4. In France, the Police Nationale and Gendarmerie Nationale have the same training requirements.

ANS: F

REF: 106

OBJ: 3

5. Civil order control is a big concern for France, because the French have a long history of taking to the streets to express their unhappiness.

ANS: T

REF: 106

OBJ: 3

6. The German system occupies a mid-level of decentralization between the highly centralized French System and the highly decentralized and fragmented Saudi Arabia.

ANS: F

REF: 107

OBJ: 3

7. In Germany, the Kripo are the equivalent to municipal police and would be the first to arrive on the scene of a crime.

ANS: F

REF: 107

OBJ: 3

8. In China, the People’s Armed Police Force (PAPF) is responsible for dealing with riots, fire emergencies, large disruptions, serious violent crimes, border defense, terrorist attacks and other emergencies.

ANS: T

REF: 110

OBJ: 3

9. Prior to the late 19th century, Japanese village and community culture monitored the behavior of its citizens very closely - not only to keep them from committing crimes, but also to keep them from laziness, neglect of business, quarreling, scandal and mongering.

ANS: T

REF: 111

OBJ: 2, 3

10. The chuzaisho is the rural equivalent of the urban koban in Japan.

ANS: T

REF: 111

OBJ: 3

11. A major challenge for Saudi Arabia police is how to balance the need for maintaining civil order within an Islamic System of justice while staying within the bounds of international human rights standards.

ANS: T

REF: 113

OBJ: 3

12. Community policing is the second most commonly adopted police operational strategy in the world today.

ANS: F

REF: 114

OBJ: 2

13. England is not sensitive to the religious needs of Muslim police officers, in that they make them wear “bobby” helmets instead of turbans.

ANS: F

REF: 117

OBJ: 4

14. The fastest growing sector of policing in the world today is private policing.

ANS: T

REF: 117

OBJ: 4

15. UNPOL (formerly CIVPOL) is a spy agency funded by the Dept. of Homeland Security to assist the United Nations in intelligence gathering.

ANS: F

REF: 121

OBJ: 5

Short Answer Questions

1. Discuss the four elements that must be present to promote the democratization of the police.

ANS: REF: 100 OBJ: 1 • The police must be willing and able to serve individual citizens and private groups as well as those in political or economic power. o This means all citizens, not only the rich should have total access to police assistance.

• Police must be accountable to the law rather than the government o Law must not be applied by an arbitrary regime, but by those who are governed by law and validated by the courts • The police must practice a level of professionalism that includes respecting human rights o Freedom of speech and association, freedom from unlawful arrest and detention, should be practiced and supported • The police should be transparent in all their activities o Police behavior must be observable, reportable, and subject to some outsight oversight.

2. Discuss the two major functions of modern police forces.

ANS: REF: 101 OBJ: 1 • Deviance Control - refers to the police mission and tasks that enforce community values and laws. Police personnel must protect the citizens against lawbreakers such as those that steal or assault other citizens. This function is conservative in nature, protecting the community against nonconformists and trying to keep violators of community norms under control. Having direct contact with the community in the form of police- community relations or crime prevention programs may be a part of this function of reinforcing community values and discouraging criminal behavior.

• Civil Order Control - refers to the duty of police to respond to, supervise, or control two or more citizens in any situation that may disrupt the peace and tranquility of a society. There is often a strong political component in civil order control. Actions that disturb civil order may be extremely threatening to government.

• Modern Police Forces generally organize to accomplish the functions of civil order control and deviance control in one of two ways. The most common is to have these functions performed by different divisions within the larger organization. The second option is to have both operations performed by the regular street police, as is done in England and in the United States.

3. List the five goals of international police cooperation discussed in chapter 5.

ANS: REF: 120 OBJ: 5 • Share intelligence on criminal activities that assists with the investigation and apprehension of criminal suspects in one or more jurisdiction • Create new training and education opportunities, including bilateral exchange of personnel and ideas • Provide technical assistance that will help under- resourced police agencies • Allow for officers to work in other countries to address crime issues of mutual concern • Build professional relationships for futures collaboration 4. Describe the main considerations that one must address when trying to address the issue of police and diversity.

ANS: REF: 117 OBJ: 5 • Improve how police interact with diverse populations o Police must be trained to be more culturally sensitive to those they serve o Countries with such problems must enact legislation that protects minorities and addresses discrimination o Sincere efforts must be made to develop strategies to improve police relations with ethnic communities • The diversification of the police force itself o The police should reflect the diversity of the population that it is serving

Essay Questions/Student Activities

1. Discuss the five models of policing used around the world discussed within the text.

Give examples countries that use each method.

ANS: REF: 100 OBJ: 1 • Democratic Anglo – Peelian: Police are citizen focused, and service and welfare of the community are as important as crime control and prevention o England and United States • Democratic Continental: Police are concerned with legalistic approach that is government and law based- are less concerned with pleasing the public, and tend to be more militaristic in dealing with citizens o France and Germany • Developing Countries: Police have few financial resources, are paid poorly, and as a result are prone to corruption. The police may not even be run by the government. o Somalia, Afghanistan

•

•

Authoritarian- Police are largely a governmental and military force. Citizens are likely to encounter repression, brutality, and torture. Policing may be based on religious law. o Saudi Arabia, China Asian- Police place less emphasis on individual rights and utilize cultural norms to reinforce social order. o Japan

2. Discuss the four key elements of community policing. Also, discuss which community policing strategies each model country has implicated, if any.

ANS: REF: 116 OBJ: 2 Four Key Elements • Community based crime prevention: Police and public work together to solves the root causes of crime and thereby prevent its long-term spread • Reorientation of patrol activities to emphasize non-emergency servicing: Police are called daily to reorient their activities to improve the daily quality of life and solve problems for citizens in the community • Accountability to the public: Police are asked to be available and to listen to the needs of citizens and address those needs when necessary • Decentralization of command: Decentralization calls for having the police working in the neighborhoods and communities where crime may occur, not only in the station house or anonymously driving around town.

Model Countries and Community Policing • England: Arguably the first to implement community policing in the early 1800’s. New emphasis is called reassurance policing, which calls for a focus on addressing, “signal crimes and disorders” that increase fear of crime and has an adverse effect on peoples’ sense of security and causes them to alter their beliefs or behaviors.

• France: Police de Proximite, official slogan of the National Police, equivalent of community policing, emphasizes improved relations between the police, the public and governmental agencies.

• Germany: KoB, older specially trained officers who have been assigned to a beat or patrol. They perform what are traditionally the major functions of community police officers.

• China: Unique forms of community policing (totalitarian state), “mass line” strategies, “Yanda” campaigns and “Building Little Safe and Civilized Communities”. o China adapts many of the traditional community policing strategies, crime prevention through environmental design, developing positive relationships with local communities and increasing police presence in high crime areas.

• •

Japan: Model of effective community policing. Koban, small local police station. One that provides direct access to the police for community members and calls for police to address local crime issues Saudi Arabia: Does not engage in community policing in traditional ways.

Instead, community policing is said to take place in a variety of ways, such as religious education in mosques that teaches about the destructive impact of crime and the harshness of punishment.

3. Compare and Contrast the United States with one of our model countries. Be sure to discuss civil order and deviance control functions, which police model is used, current issues of concern and types of community policing strategies are used.

ANS: REF: 102 OBJ: 3 • United States o Civil Order Functions - regular street police or military in extreme situations o Deviance Order Functions - regular street police in different jurisdictions: local, state and country o Model- Democratics - Anglo Peelian o Decentralized o Current Issues of Concern: Drug crimes, violent crimes, gangs o Community Policing - regular police, used regularly •

France (Model country example) o Civil Order - Specialized police in GN and PN called Republican Security (PN) and Gendarmerie Mobile (GN) o Deviance Order control - PN in Paris and urban areas; GN in towns of less than 10,000 o Model - Democratic Continental o Centralized o Current issues of concern - civil disorder, racial tension, drugs o Community policing - Police de Proximite