CITY SOCIAL HUB - THESIS

JORDAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

CITY SOCIAL HUB GRADUATION PROJECT 1 (ARCH 591)

Prepared by: Salma Jalal Mehdawi 118728

Supervised by Dr. Jaser Mahasneh

11, 6, 2020

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CITY SOCIAL HUB

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Project definition ...................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Project goals and objective ................................................................. 6 1.1.2 The needs for this project .................................................................... 7 1.1.3 Hierarchy of needs ….......................................................................... 8 1.2 Theoretical Background .......................................................................... 10 1.2.1 A City For People ….......................................................................... 11 1.2.3 type of outdoor activities .................................................................... 15 1.2.4 Check List To Assess Public Space qualities ...................................... 19 1.2.5 Senses, communication, And Dimensions ......................................... 21 1.2.4 Good Network Quality Criteria ........................................................... 25 1.3 Site Introduction ...................................................................................... 28 1.3.1 The Site …........................................................................................... 29 1.3.2 Site Location ...................................................................................... 30 2 Analysis ........................................................................................................ 32 2.1 Site Analysis ............................................................................................ 34 2.1.1 Site Location ...................................................................................... 35 2.1.2 Definition Of The Region ................................................................. 36 2.1.3 Accessibility …..…............................................................................. 37 2.1.4 Architectural Character …………………………………………….. 38 2.1.5 Culture ……………………………………………………………… 41 2.1.6 Nodes ………………………….……………………………………. 43 2.1.7 Cultural Historical Sites ……………………………………………. 44 2.1.8 Importance Of Cultural Heritage …………………………………....45 2.1.9 Proximity ………………………..........................………………….. 47 2.1.10 Gathering Place …………………………………………………… 49 2.1.11 Public Transit ……………………………………………………... 51 2.1.12 Waiting Areas ………………………………………………………52 2.1.13 Walking In The Site ………………………………………………...53 2.1.14 Pedestrian Superiority …………………………………………….. 54 2.1.15 Pedestrian Crossing …….…………………………………………..55 2.1.16 Side Walks ………………………………………………………… 56 2.1.17 Activities In The Site ………………………………………………57 2.1.18 Activity Map ………..……………………………………………... 58 2.1.19 Green Network ………………………………………………..........59 2.1.20 Density ….…………………………………………………….……60

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2.1.21 Events And Culture Activities ………………………………………….. 61 2.1.22 Open Spaces …………………………………………………………… 62 2.1.23 Topography ……………………………………………………………... 63 2.1.24 Climate …………………………………………………………………. 64 2.1.25 Challenges Of The Site ……………........................................................ 65 2.1.26 Potentials Of The Site ………………………………………………….. 67 2.2 Case Studies …………………………………………………………………. 70 2.2.1 Case 1- brief about the project – Why This Case ……………………….. 71 2.2.2 Analysis ………………………………………………………………….. 72 2.2.3 Recommendation And Solutions ………………………………………… 74 2.2.4 Case Study 2 - brief about the project – Why This Case ………………... 85 2.2.5 Circulation And Zooning ………………………………………………… 87 2.2.6 Program ………………………………………………………………….. 88 2.3 Program And Zooning ………………………………………………………. 94 2.3.1 Guild Lines And Methodology ………………………………………....... 95 2.3.2 Zooning …………………………………………………………………... 99 2.3.3 Program / Facilities …………………………………………................. 100 3 Concept …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 102 3.1 vision ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 103 3.1.1 Tri – Affect Strategy ………………………………………………………………………….......104 3.2 Evaluation ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 105 3.3 Existing Settings ……………………………………………………………………………………… 107 3.4 Rehabilitation ………………………………………………………………………………………………108 3.4.1 Sample For The Rehabilitation Actions …………………………………………………..109 3.5 Zooning ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….113 3.6 Concept Diagram …………………………………………………………………………………………114 3.7 Concept Massing ………………………………………………………………………………………...115 3.8 Journey ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. …116 3.9 Adaptation And Re-Use Sample ……………………………………………………………………117 3.10 Elevation Example …………………………………………………………………………………… 118

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List of Figures Figure 1 : Hierarchy of needs diagram (Montgomery, 1968) .......................... 8 Figure 2: City for people (Gehl, Jan. 1936)……….......................................... 14 Figure 3: Condition vs. Activity Chart (Gehl, Jan. 1936) ………....………… 18 Figure 4: The 12 quality criteria developed by Gehl Architects are used as a basis when evaluating vibrant and pedestrian environments (Gehl, Jan. 1936) …………..…………..…………... 20 Figure 5: The Senses – A Necessary Planning Consideration (Gehl, Jan. 2009) ………………………………..………….......... 24 Figure 6: Good network quality criteria (Gehl, Jan. 2009) …………………...26 Figure 7: Site Map …………………………………………………………… 30 Figure 8: Site Location Map…………………………………………………. 35 Figure 9: Site Accessibility Map …………………………………………….. 37 Figure 10: Architecture character …………….……………………………… 38 Figure 11: Juma’a mixed-use building townhouse ………………………..… 40 Figure 12: Café Culture ………………………………………………........... 41 Figure 13a: seating in the street …………………………………………….... 42 Figure 13b: Café In The Site Map …………………………………………… 42 Figure 14: Nodes Map – Pictures Location ……………………..…………... 43 Figure 15: Historical Sites Map- Pictures Location ………………………… 44 Figure 16: Heritage Cycle (Thurley, Simon. 2005) ………………………….. 46 Figure 17: Walking diameter for 10 min Map ……………………………..... 47 Figure 18: Heritage Sites Proximity Map …………………………………… 48 Figure 19: Site As A Daily Destination Map ………………………………… 50 Figure 20: Public Transit Route Map ………………………………………... 51 Figure 21: Public Transit Waiting Area ……………………………………... 52 Figure 22: Walking Experience Evaluation Map ……………………………. 53 Figure 23: Pedestrian Superiority Evaluation Map- Picture Location ………. 45 Figure 24: Pedestrian Crossing Evaluation Map- Picture Location ………… 55 Figure 25: Sidewalks Evaluation Picture …………………………………… 56 Figure 26: Activity Map ……………………………………………………... 58 Figure 27: Green Network Map ……………………………………………... 59 Figure 28: Solid Void Map ………………………………………………….. 60 Figure 29a: Historical Sites Location Map ………………………………….. 61 Figure 29b: Events At The Historical Sites Pictures ……..………………….. 61 Figure 30: Open Spaces Vs. Empty Lots Map- Picture Location …………… 62 Figure 31a: Contour Lines Sequential …………………………………….... 63 Figure 31b: Topography Elevation Sectional ………………………............... 63 Figure 31c: Tal Irbid Ariel View …………………………………………....... 63 iii

List of Figures Figure 32a: Temperature Comfort Zone .......................................................... 64 Figure 32b: Wind Rose .................................................................................... 64 Figure 32c: Rain Fall Chart ............................................................................ 64 Figure 33: Superkilen Park By Bjarke Ingels .................................................. 86 Figure 34a: Superkilen Park -red square By Bjarke Ingels ………………….. 87 Figure 34b: Superkilen Park -Black Square By Bjarke Ingels ………………. 87 Figure 34c: Superkilen Park -Green Park By Bjarke Ingels .............................87 Figure 35: Superkilen Park - Red Square By Bjarke Ingels …………………. 88 Figure 36: Superkilen Park -Black Square By Bjarke Ingels ………………. 89 Figure 37: Superkilen Park -Green Park By Bjarke Ingels ............................ 91 Figure 38: Zooning On Site Map Diagram ...................................................... 99 Figure 39: Existing Settings Map Diagram ..................................................... 107 Figure 40: Rehabilitation Actions Location .....................................................108 Figure 42: Rehabilitation Actions – Picture Location ......................................109 Figure 43: Rehabilitation Actions – Picture Location ......................................110 Figure 44: Rehabilitation Action For Elevations – Picture Location .............. 112 Figure 45: Zooning On Site Map Diagram ...................................................... 113 Figure 46: Concept Diagrams .......................................................................... 114 Figure 47: Massing Model Diagram ................................................................ 115 Figure 48: Journey Diagram .............................................................................116 Figure 49: Adaptation And Re-Use / Greater Irbid Municipality …………….117 Figure 50: Elevation Rehabilitation Example ..................................................118

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1

INTRODUCTION Project Definition Theoretical Background Site Introduction 2

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Project Definition 4

PROJECT DEFINITION

The project is all about creating new green spaces in the city, getting people together and increase socialising between them.

Focusing in three main aspect (recreation, cultural, tourism) the project aims to enhance the public realm, increase the civic participation making the city more liveable and enjoyable.

Throw Creating new open and public spaces that invites people to stay in the city space and become a destination for visitors, encourage social interaction, with Emphasising in character and identity of the city, and at the same time works as a tourism attraction to explore the city.

• Clustering of cultural venues with secondary attraction recreational space/ cultural hubs / tourism attraction

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Project Goals And Objectives

• Relieving the compacted infrastructure, finding an empty lots in the crowding urban context, create parks and open spaces, connect them together, with a rehabilitation for the surrounding area and buildings • Creating new nodes, with a green promenade, working as a tourism attraction at the same time, revitalizing the area and the economy around it.

• All this helps with Emphasis in character and identity of the city, creating new good image for the city • Public realm improvement • Increase socializing / increase walkability and green mobility ( reduce commute) • branding for the city (new city image) • Creating new public amenities / Society has caffe activity as a culture …. Needing a space for this activity • Tourist attraction / enhance economy • Encourage sustainable transport moods (green mobility), such as: scooters, bicycles, and walking.

• enhance the infrastructure and the quality of urban and public spaces • Urban rehabilitation and urban hubs • Revitalize the area

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The Need For The Project

Humans considered a social being, we need to socialize and feel of belonging to a certain group, location, or intention. That’s why communities are important, feeling related to a certain community that has its own entity, gives a mental intellectual level of wellbeing.

Planning and designing of the city that the community lives in can affect community bonding and health.

The open spaces give the chance for the community to socialize, the heritage buildings gives importance to the land they live in, and their culture.

Choosing Irbid downtown for this project, came from the importance of the site to the local community around it, also due to the heritage sites located they're that telling the story of the place and the community.

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Hierarchy Of Needs

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Belonging: - Your work is important - your relation-ship are important - your connected to the place

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social ties - Social trust - Less Commute - Less Dispersal

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Basic needs: - Food - Shelter - security

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(throw relationships)

Active ground level Freedom Superiority

Figure 1: Hierarchy of needs diagram (Montgomery, Charles. 1968).

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Theoretical Background 10

A city for people

Putting people and people’s needs first re-adjusts the general focus and achieve a number of positive extra wins on the side. As such by-effects are cities that are safe, sustainable, lively, attractive, and healthy.

FOUR GOALS － ONE POLICY: According to (Gehl, Jan. 1936) The desire for a lively city is strengthened when more people are invited to walk, bike and stay in city space.

Cities with people in them at various times of the day, walking, cycling, resting, talking, watching, running, selling, buying, playing and all the other activities, that people perform are essential in creating cities, where a wide variety of people enjoy to come and where they take pride in living.

A lively city has a number of positive side effects as a city with life also can contribute to a more safe, sustainable and healthy city.

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A city for people

The sustainable city is strengthened generally if a large part of the people transport system can take place as green mobility, that is, travel by foot or bike. These forms of transport provide marked benefits the economy and the environment, reduce consumption, limit emissions, and decrease noise level. Another important sustainable aspect is that the attractiveness of public transport systems is boosted if users feel safe and comfortable walking or cycling to and from buses, light rail and train. Good public space and a good public transport system thus become two sides of the same coin. We are seeing a rapid growth in public health problems because large segments of the workforce in many parts of the world have become sedentary, with cars providing door-to-door transport. A whole-hearted invitation to walk and bike as a natural and integrated element of daily routines must be a nonnegotiable part of a unified health policy (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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A city for people

The desire for a healthy city is strengthened dramatically if walking or biking can be a natural part of the pattern of daily activities, where people are able to walk and cycle, even for longer distances, and where walking and cycling is enjoyable and attractive, the general public health increases and funds for health care are saved.

It its generally found, that in cities where people walk and use green mobility, people live 7 years longer, their general health condition is improved, and there are substantial amounts saved for the health care system.

The desire for a safe city is strengthened generally when more people move about and stay in city space. A city that invites people to walk must by definition have a reasonably cohesive structure that offers short walking distances, attractive courses of space and a variation of urban functions. These elements increase activity and the feeling of security in and around city spaces. There are more eyes along the street and a greater incentive to follow the events going on in the city from surrounding housing and buildings (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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A city for people safe city:

Lively city:

When more people move about and stay in city space.

When people are invited to walk, bike, and stay in city space.

lively city

Safe city

Jan Gehl Cities for people

Sustainable city

healthy city

healthy city:

sustainable city:

When walking or biking can be a natural part of the pattern of daily activities.

When large part of the transport system can take place as “green mobility”

Figure 2: City for people (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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Types of Outdoor Activities

This mix of outdoor activities is influenced by a number of conditions. Physical environment is one of the factors: a factor that influences the activities to a varying degree and in many different ways.

Greatly simplified, outdoor activities in public spaces can be divided into three categories, each of which places very different demands on the physical environment: necessary activities, optional activities, and social activities.

Necessary activities include those that are more or less compulsory (going to school or to work, shopping, waiting for a bus or a person, running errands, distributing mail) in other words, all activities in which those involved are to a greater or lesser degree required to participate.

In general, everyday tasks and pastimes belong to this group. among other activities, this group includes the great majority of those related to walking; because this activities in this group are necessary, their incidence is influenced only slightly by the physical framework.

These activities will take place throughout the year, under nearly all conditions, and are more or less independent of the exterior environment. The participants have no choice (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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Types of Outdoor Activities

Optional activities, that is, those pursuits that are participated in if there is a wish to do so and if time and place make it possible are quite another matter. breath of fresh air, standing around enjoying life, or sitting and sunbathing.

These activities take place only when exterior conditions are favourable, when weather and place invite them. This relationship is particularly important in connection with physical planning because most of the recreational activities that are especially pleasant to pursue outdoors are found precisely in this category of activities. These activities are especially dependent on exterior physical conditions.

Social activities, are all activities that depend on the presence of others in public spaces. Social activities include children at play, greetings and conversations, communal activities of various kinds, and finally passive contacts, that is, simply seeing and hearing other people.

These activities could also be termed “resultant” activities, Because in nearly all instances they evolve from activities linked to the other two activity categories.

Social activities occur spontaneously, as a direct consequence of people moving about and being in the same spaces , meet, pass by one another, or are merely within view. This Implies that social activities are indirectly supported whenever necessary and optional activities are given better conditions in public spaces (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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Types of Outdoor Activities

In conclusion: When outdoor areas are of poor quality, only strictly necessary activities occur.

When outdoor areas are of high quality, necessary activities take place with approximately the same frequency though they clearly tend to take a longer time, because the physical conditions are better.

In addition, however, a wide range of optional activities will also occur because place and situation now invite people to stop, sit, eat, play, and so on.

In streets and city spaces of poor quality, only the bare minimum of activity takes place. People hurry home.

In a good environment, a completely different, broad spectrum of human activities is possible (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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Types of Outdoor Activities

Physical environment High quality

Physical environment low quality Optional activities

Necessary activities

Social activities

Figure 3: Condition vs. Activity Chart (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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check-list to assess public space qualities

IN his article Gehl (1936) says “ the list of quality criteria was developed on the basis of fundamental knowledge about human senses and needs, as well as many years of public space studies in all parts of the world. The knowledge about human senses, needs, and what it takes to make people feel comfortable and stay in public space has been adapted over the years in a close dialogue with practice, so that it is functional.

Even though the list was drawn up at a school of architecture, there is only a single point( the last one on the list) dealing with aesthetic qualities; This means that public space assessment does not take its starting point in aesthetic parameters.

First we must consider people’s need for protection from cars, noise, rain and wind, as well as their need to walk, stand, sit, look, speak, listen and express themselves. People also need to be able to utilize the positive aspects of the local climate and surroundings on a human scale.

Experience has shown that much more than aesthetic qualities determine whether a public space is valued and used.

However, it is important for overall quality that all the functional and practical aspects are dealt with within an architectural framework that respects visual qualities”.

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ENJOYMENT

COMFORT

PROTECTION

check-list to assess public space qualities

Protection against Traffic & Accidents

Protection against crime & violence (feeling of safety)

possibilities for walking

Possibilities for standing / staying

Possibilities for sitting

Possibilities to see

Possibilities for hearing / talking

Possibilities for play / unfolding / activities

Possibilities for enjoying positive aspects of climate

Aesthetic quality / positive sense experiences

Scale

Protection against unpleasant sense experiences

Figure 4: The 12 quality criteria developed by Gehl Architects are used as a basis when evaluating vibrant and pedestrian environments (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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Senses, Communication, and Dimensions

“Familiarity with human senses – the way they function and the areas in which they function – is an important prerequisite for designing and dimensioning all forms of outdoor spaces and building layouts” (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

“Because sight and hearing are related to the most comprehensive of the outdoor social activities – seeing and hearing contacts how they function is, naturally, a fundamental planning factor” (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

“A knowledge of the senses is a necessary prerequisite also in relation to understanding all other forms of direct communication and the human perception of spatial conditions and dimensions” (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

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Senses, Communication, and Dimensions

“Human movement is by nature limited to predominantly horizontal motion at a speed of approximately 5 kilometres per hour (3 mph), and the sensory apparatus is finely adapted to this condition” (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

“The sense of smell registers variations in odours within a very Limited range. Only at distances of less than 1 meter (39 in)” (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

“The sense of hearing has a greater functional range. Within Distances of up to 7 meters (23 ft.), the ear is quite effective. It is possible to hold conversations with relatively little difficulty up to this distance” (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

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Senses, Communication, and Dimensions

“The sense of sight has an even wider functional area in connection with experiencing other people, however, the sense of sight has, like the other senses, well-defined limitations, one can see others and perceive that they are people at distance from ½ to 1 kilometre (1,600 to 3,200 ft.), depending on factors such as background, lighting, and particularly, whether or not the people in question are moving. At approximately 100 meters (325 ft.), Figures that can be seen at greater distances become human individuals.

This range can be called the social field of vision” (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

summery: • 75% of all sensory impression perceived through eyesight (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

• The human is a walking being, moving with an average of (3 mph) (0.447 Ms) (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

• We experience the city from an average hight of (1.7meters) (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

• The human brain needs approximately 1000 new stimuli per hour in order to remain alert (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

• enjoy walking in streets with façade that Varey every 30 feet (9.14 meters) (Gehl, Jan. 1936) .

• Sit in public spaces so that we can look at other people walking by or engaging in activities (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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Senses, Communication, and Dimensions

Figure 5: the senses – a necessary Planning consideration (Gehl, Jan. 2009).

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Good network quality criteria

The urban grid of downtown forms the base for a high quality city network. The network ensures connectivity and mobility, hierarchy of streets, legibility and safety, and improves the quality of the experience of moving around the downtown grid (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

quality criteria for a good city network: connects destinations places, ensures access to transport hubs, visitor destinations and city services, ensures access to public squares and parks ensures balance between road users, prioritizes soft road users i.e. pedestrians and bicyclists. new road types with shared space and pedestrian priority. identifies a hierarchy of streets and links, activates main streets by concentrating pedestrian flows, rather than spreading them out, identifies transport corridors invites all ages from children to seniors, ensures wide sidewalks and traffic, signals for pedestrians enforces low vehicular traffic speeds. provides bicycle tracks is legible, accessible and safe from accidents, clear division between soft and hard road users, human scale signage - 3mph, applies guidelines and measures for disabled.0 ensures a feeling of security - day and night- pedestrians and bicyclists concentrated on main routes at night, network well linked to main public transport hubs (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

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Good network quality criteria

summery: • • • • • •

Connects distention and places Balance between road users Hierarchy of streets and links invites all ages from children to seniors Is legible, accessible and safe from accidents Ensure feeling of security – day and night (Gehl, Jan. 1936).

Figure 6: Good network quality criteria (Gehl, Jan. 2009).

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Site Introduction 28

The Site:

Choosing Irbid downtown for this project, came from the importance of the site to the local community around it, also due to the heritage sites located they're that telling the story of the place and the community.

The city centre provides an urban space in which a multiplicity of social, economic and cultural practices operated at different levels. it also attracts all kinds of commercial activities serving the locals and nearby towns around it.

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Site Location

Figure 7: Site Map

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ANALYSIS Site Analysis Cases Program And Zooning 32

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Site Analysis 34

Site Location JORDAN

IRBID

IRBID DOWNTOWN

Figure 8: Site Location Map

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Definition Of The Region

Known in ancient times as Arabella, Irbid was built on successive Early Bronze a Hellenistic league of the 1st century BCE through the 2nd century CE, thus, it has a several historical sites and old buildings.

The city acts as transportation point between Amman, Syria to the north.

The city provides a huge diversity of people, it acts as the commercial centre and destination to the near by villages and towns .

Four major universities are located in Irbid makes it the destination for many student for education from Jordan and outside, It combine the character of an old town and the commercial modern city at the same time

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Accessibility

PRIMARY ROAD SECONDARY ROAD ALTERIAL ROAD

OMAR ALMOKHTAR STREET PALESTINE STREET

AL HASHMI STREET Figure 8: Site Accessibility Map

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Architectural Character

• •

•

Irbid core is preserving 1920’s and 1930’s building styles of the region.

Presenting the typical old Islamic houses with the use of stones and wood –local materials – as the dominant material Arched widows, court at the centre and balconies looking to the street

Figure 9: Architecture character

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Architectural Character

•

• •

Joumah family house (1930’s), a three floor building it is a mixed-use (commercial/residential) building , where the Juma'a family lived in the second and third floors ( it were used as an inn for a period of time) while the street level were used as a shop.

Representing the use of stones and wood as the main local materials in the city.

This house represent most of Irbid houses typology.

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Architectural Character

Figure 10: Juma’a mixed-use building townhouse

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Culture

• •

•

Irbid has a very bounding community, do to the tradition Café culture and the “dywaneyeh” culture are Prevalent in the society, thus it represent a very trusting community, everyone knows each other.

And also due to the hospitality they have.

Figure 11: Café Culture

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Culture

• Café culture as a main recreation activity that people do • People like to gather • People also like set at the street infront of their house or shop and be in the city space

*many cafes Figure 11a: seating in the street

Figure 11b: Café In The Site Map

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Nodes

PRIMARY ROAD

1

SECONDARY ROAD

2

ALTERIAL ROAD

3 Irbid Clock Memorial Square

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4

2

5

Irbid Great Mosque Greater Irbid Municipality

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WASFI At-Tal Square

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Old Joran Valley Bus Station

3

Figure 12: Nodes Map – Pictures Location

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Cultural Historical Sites

PRIMARY ROAD

1

Al-Nabulsi house

5

AL-TAL mosque and church

SECONDARY ROAD

2

ARAR house

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Abi Thar Al Ghafari mosque

ALTERIAL ROAD

3

ALI AL-SHRAIRI house

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Dywan AL-TAL

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Dar al-sraya museum

1

3

5

2

4

6

7

Figure 13: Historical Sites Map- Pictures Location

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Importance Of Cultural Heritage

Culture and its heritage reflect and shape values, beliefs, and aspirations, thereby defining a people's national identity. It is important to preserve our cultural heritage, because it keeps our integrity as a people.

The Heritage Cycle diagram in the Figure XXX gives us an idea how we can make the past part of our future In a clockwise direction it reads: By understanding cultural heritage, people value it.

By valuing it, people want to care for it.

By caring for it, it will help people enjoy it.

From enjoying it, comes a thirst to understand.

By understanding it, ………..etc (Thurley, Simon. 2005).

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Importance Of Cultural Heritage

Figure 14: Heritage Cycle (Thurley, Simon. 2005)

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Proximity

walking distance, Historical sites are all located near each other provide high level of proximity for visitors.

Importance of the historical site, Historical sites and memorials gives importance to the land and for people to feel important and be responsible towards their land and culture

Figure 15: Walking diameter for 10 min Map

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Proximity 6min

start

2min 3min

HISTORICAL SITE

5min 3min

Figure 16: Heritage Sites Proximity Map

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Gathering Place

Daily distention, The site serves a fair part of the local community from different ages and religions, it acts as a daily distention for most of the visitors so they can do their every day tasks (necessary activities ), see Figure 17 .

Importance of socializing and the gathering spaces represents in the importance of Spending time with others that helps us feel useful and that our life has a greater purpose. When we have something to do, somewhere to go, and someone counting on us, it feels good. Being around people we love makes life more fulfilling. When others count on us, we are more likely to take care of ourselves, and stay healthy for as long as we can. (belonging, happy city-basic needs concept) Communities in which residents experience frequent interactions, shows a high mutual trust

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Gathering Place

PRIMARY ROAD

SCHOOLS (6)

MOSQUES (7)

SECONDARY ROAD

CHURCHES (3)

HISTORICALSITES (6)

ALTERIAL ROAD Figure 17: Site As A Daily Destination Map

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Public Transit

Multiple public transportation station occurs in the site, making it easy to get to and from the site

BUSS ROUTE

WAITING AREA

SARFIES Al-Barha Route

TRANSIT STATION

Jordan Valley Old Bus Station Route

Figure 18: Public Transit Route Map

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Waiting Areas

Seating are in a poor quality, some waiting areas lake of seating or do not have enough seating

1

2

3

BUSS ROUTE

WAITING AREA

SARFIES Al-Barha Route

TRANSIT STATION

Jordan Valley Old Bus Station Route

1

2

Figure 19: Public Transit Waiting Area

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3

Walking In The Site

Evaluating the walking experience quality passed on Jan Gehl quality criteria, the physical environment are in a poor quality, there are frequent car interruption, dangerous crossing (no crossing sign or crossing path), and there is not a cohesive pedestrian network.

NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

CAR INTERRUPTION

PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY STREET

Figure 20: Walking Experience Evaluation Map

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Pedestrian Superiority

Few pedestrian superiority paths and is in a poor quality. not safe at night ( lack of lighting)

3

2

1 4

NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

CAR INTERRUPTION

PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY STREET

1

2

3

4

Figure 21: Pedestrian Superiority Evaluation Map- Picture Location

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Pedestrian Crossing

Dangerous crossing with frequent interruption by cars No comfortable nor safe walking in the area

NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

CAR INTERRUPTION

Figure 22: Pedestrian Crossing Evaluation Map- Picture Location

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Side Walks

• • • •

Sidewalks are in a poor quality Frequent interruption by the stores and lighting pillars People walk in the street (no place at the sidewalk) Not all the sidewalks have shading

Figure 23: Sidewalks Evaluation Picture

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Activities In The Site

•

•

•

the city centre/ core attracts all kinds of commercial activities serving the population in the city and nearby towns and villages around it The core provides also an urban space in which a multiplicity of social, economic and cultural practices operated at different levels.

Most of the commercial activities are distributed along Al-Hashimi Street, and palestine street

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Activity Map

Greater Irbid Municipality

COMMERCIAL AREA

HISTORICAL SITE

CHURCH

SCHOOLS

BOOK STORE

SHOPS

MOSQUE

Figure 24: Activity Map

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Green Network

LANDSCAPE, There is very little vegetation to balance the hardscape.

The green network dose not exist!

The landscape is mostly defined by a hardscape consisting of stone, glass, concrete, buildings, and paved surfaces.

Why its important?

Trees and other vegetation do enhance the quality of urban spaces and the pedestrian experience.

Figure 25: Green Network Map

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Density

The downtown produces a high level of density. Compering it with the vegetation and green elements in the site, there is no balance in the urban space and it’s very compacted.

The city centre attracts all kinds of commercial activities serving the locals and nearby towns around it, it also provides an urban space in which a multiplicity of social, economic and cultural practices operated at different levels

Solid

Figure 26: Solid Void Map

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Events And Cultural Activities

Many activities (parties-exhibitions- gatherings- Ramadan iftars…etc) occur at al Nabulsi house and Dar Al Saraya, this indicates that the historical sites are not abandoned, and people are related to them.

HISTORICAL SITE Figure 27a: Historical Sites Location Map

Figure 27b: Events At The Historical Sites Pictures

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Open spaces

There aren’t enough open spaces in the city , Spaces lack for seating ,Spaces are in poor quality, and There are so many empty lots compared to the green elements in the site.

1

2

Empty lots Open spaces 1

2

Figure 28: Open Spaces Vs. Empty Lots Map- Picture Location

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Topography

The topography in the site doesn’t produce a high level of a steep slope, and it’s comfortable to walk throw the site.

Tal Irbid neighbourhood is the highest level in the site, it’s an artificial heritage hell, elevated off the region at a 30-meter height.

CONTOURS

STREET HIRARCHY Figure 29c: Tal Irbid Ariel View

SITE LOCATION

Figure 29b: Elevation Sectional

Figure 29a: Contour Lines Sequential

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Climate Irbid city, in general, has a comfortable climate relatively, the moderate temperature in the levels in summer and winter.

Figure 30a: Temperature Comfort Zone

Figure 30b: Wind Rose

Figure 30c: Rain Fall Chart

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Challenges Of The Site

The challenges of the site are evaluated based on three categories, divide and color-coded, blue represents the evaluation based on walkability factor, orange represents the recreation factor, green is the site in general walkability

recreation

general

• • •

Parking on footway Poorly maintained foot way No pedestrian network-

• • •

Lack of public benches Lack of green network Weak public life pattern ( no optional nor recreational activities take place in, most of the activity taking place are necessary activity )

• • • •

Lack of seating Lack of comfortable walks Lack of safety at night Traffic jams

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• •

•

• •

Dangerous crossing Weak pedestrian accessibility ( frequent interruption by vehicles )

Minimal open space identity ( public space network not existent, lack of public spaces ) No street scape Low quality of infra structures

Challenges Of The Site •

Lack of safety at night

•

Lack of seating

POORLY MAINTAINED FOOTWAYS

•

No street scape

•

DANGEROUS CROSSING

•

Lack of green network

•

UNCLEAR PEDESTRIAN NETWORK

•

•

Vvehicle superiority

• Minimal open space identity.

•

Traffic jams, Lack of comfortable walks

•

CROWDED FOOTWAYS

•

PARKING ON FOOTWAYS

•

Weak public life

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Potentials Of The Site

The potentials of the site are evaluated based on three categories, divide and color-coded, blue represents the evaluation based on walkability factor, orange represents the recreation factor, green is the site in general walkability

• •

• •

• •

recreation

general

Plenty of pedestrians Lively during the day people go to the downtown for work and school, which create activity

•

Strong café culture-social city Fantastic location – significant potential due to the proximity to the historical sites and the commercial area

•

Intense need for seating- people enjoy being in the city, they bring chairs and use the outdoor cafes to enjoy the city , people enjoying their coffee or observing the busy streets and pedestrian walking

Multiple public transport facility nearby Many residents in the sitehelps in keeping the site vibrant

•

Many historical sites- history still present in the public realm, site is rich in history that could work as a focal points Has a large number of potential users – many destinations nearby- lively during the day

•

•

67

Interesting walking routes – due to the topography and the urban structure offering walking experience, verity and complexity in the city can give excitement Active street edge

Potentials Of The Site

•

Plenty of pedestrians

•

Many historical

•

large number of user

•

Lively during the day

•

Interesting walking

•

Active street edge

•

Strong café culture social city

•

Many residents in the

•

Intense need for seating

•

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Bounding community

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Case Studies 70

Case Study 1

' Public Space Public Life' study conducted by Gehl Architects for EMBARQ Turkey.

Consultant: GEHL ARCHITECTS Project Date: 2009 Brief About The Project: the project is mainly about urban rehabilitation and city revelation from a human approach and a human aspect, Jan Gehl concept about making cities for people, public realm welcomes both citizens and visitors to enjoy and interact; with the overall goal being a more people friendly environment.

Why this case ? the case looking for a city that are liveable and care for the human aspect were people stay in the city space and can enjoy their time in the open public spaces, Jan Gehl describes how to achieve a human scale and pedestrian friendly city and urban space, he has written a criteria for a successful public open space, and advice cities on how to develop urban qualities to support lively, healthy, sustainable, attractive and safe city centres, districts, and urban spaces.

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Analysis 1-WALKABILITY IN THE CITY CHALENGES 1- CROWDED FOOTWAYS

2- PARKING ON FOOTWAYS

3- POORLY MAINTAINED FOOTWAYS

4- DIFFICULT CROSSINGS

5- UNCLEAR PEDESTRIAN NETWORK

6- PERCEIVED UNSAFETY AT NIGHT

7- INSUFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT

POTINTALS 1- PLENTY OF 2- INTERESTING PEDESTRIANS

3- LIVELY DURING 4- SUCCESSFULL

WALKING ROUTES THE DAY

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TRAM

Analysis 2- RECREATION IN THE CITY CHALENGES 1- UNINTEGRATED

2- UNEXPLORED

PARKS

PUBLIC SQUARES

4- LACK OF

5- LACK OF FACILITIES

PUBLIC BENCHES

FOR CHILDREN

3- NOISE AND FUMES

POTINTALS 1- FANTASTIC LOCATIONS

2- A GOOD 3- INTENSE NEED FOR CLIMATE

SEATING

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4- MANY CHILDREN

Recommendation/ Solutions

A city for people 1-Sustentable city: Sustainability in cities is closely linked to the transport issues. A sustainable transport system is focusing at walking and cycling as well as a high effective public transport system.

2- Healthy cities: In a city where people can walk and cycle, even for longer distances, and where walking and cycling is enjoyable and attractive 3- Safe cities: Cities where several people are present, also in the evening, are generally perceived as safe cities. People are present on the footways, in the cycle lanes and frequent running trams or buses, carry people who equally serve as passive surveillance.

4-Attractive cities: Cities that invite people to walk and cycle and to spend time in the public realm need to focus at the qualtiy level of the public spaces in terms of being able to invite people to walk or cycle or to spend time.

5- Lively cities: Cities with people in them at various times of the day, walking, cycling, resting, talking, watching, running, selling, buying, playing and all the other activities, that people perform are essential in creating cities, where a wide variety of people enjoy to come and where they take pride in living (Gehl, Jan. 2009) .

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Recommendation/ Solutions

Create a city for people - an accessible city: A pedestrian oriented city: • Promote traffic calming • Promote walking • Promote public transport • Promote cycling A unique and recreational city • Promote a great waterfront • Promote attractive public spaces • Promote an integrated history A diverse and inviting city • Promote multifunctionality • Promote a variety of activities (Gehl, Jan. 2009)

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Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote traffic calming • Restrict the negative traffic impact • Minimize the impact of tourism traffic • Develop a parking policy (Gehl, Jan. 2009) Congestion charge

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Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote walking: • Develop a strong pedestrian network!

• Develop distinct street characters!

• Improve orientation and wayfinding!

(Gehl, Jan. 2009)

Comfortable walking

Safe crossing

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Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote public transport /cycling: • Refine the public transport system!

• Introduce cycling routes and facilities!

(Gehl, Jan. 2009)

A strong public transport system

Inviting waiting facilities

78

Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote public transport /cycling: • Refine the public transport system!

• Introduce cycling routes and facilities!

(Gehl, Jan. 2009)

A good environment for cyclists

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Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote attractive public spaces: • Develop attractive public spaces for urban recreation!

• Develop a hierarchy of spaces!

• Develop overall long term city strategies to enhance visual delight!

• Celebrate history and monuments!

(Gehl, Jan. 2009)

Soft and lively edges

Strong urban space identity

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Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote attractive public spaces: Green enrichments

Illuminating the city

81

Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote attractive public spaces: Delight and adventure

82

Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote multifunctionality: • Support a better distribution of functions!

• Capitalise on adjacent city functions!

• Promote a ‘safe’ city!

• Develop focus areas and supply with more functions!

(Gehl, Jan. 2009) Side by side activities - active and passive recreation, sport and playgrounds...

Mixing functions and activities

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Recommendation/ Solutions

Promote a variety of activities: • Create invitations and facilities for all user groups!

• Plan for various use!

(Gehl, Jan. 2009) Activities Ex: • Learning and exchange • Shopping and outdoor serving • Scents, colours and pleasure • Pause and relaxation • Student life and public recreation • Events and socialising • Play and fun • Fitness and resting • Historic adventures • Peace, rest and culture • Performance and art (Gehl, Jan. 2009)

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Case Study 2

' Superkilen Park' Public space Architects: Topotek 1 + BIG Architects + Superflex

Project Date: 2021 Location: COPENHAGEN, DENMARK Brief About The Project: Superkilen is a half a mile-long urban space wedging through one of the most ethnically diverse and socially challenged neighbourhoods in Denmark.

It is conceived as a giant exhibition of urban best practice – a sort of collection of global found objects that come from 60 different nationalities of the people inhabiting the area surrounding it.

Why this case ?

The park acts as a good example of a (public space).

A good implication of the context reading, It's a social, cultural, political inspired design.

The design presents a cultural problem solution ( problem between races ).

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Superkilen Park

Figure 31: 'Superkilen Park By Beijarke Ingels

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Recommendation/ Solutions

CIRCULATION/ZOONING • three zones and colours ( green, black and red. )

the red square: Market/culture/

sport

Figure 32a: Superkilen Park -red square By Beijarke Ingels

the black square: the green park : Urban living Sport/play room

Figure 32b: Superkilen Park -Black Square By Beijarke Ingels

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Figure 32c: Superkilen Park -Green Park By Beijarke Ingels

Program

The red square: Market/culture/sport • • •

• •

The red square is defined by a street in each end and building and fences along the sides Only red trees except the existing ones.

Fitness area, Thai boxing, playground (slide from Chernobyl, Iraqi swings, Indian climbing playground), Sound system from Jamaica, a stencil of Salvador Allende, plenty of benches (from Brazil, classic UK cast Iron litter bins, Iran and Switzerland), bike stands and a parking area.

Basketball next to parking

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Figure 33: Superkilen Park - Red Square By Beijarke Ingels

Program The black square: Urban living room

Figure 34: Superkilen Park -Black Square By Beijarke Ingels

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Program

• The square can be spotted by the big, dentist neon sign from Doha, Qatar.

• Brazilian bar chairs under the Chinese palm trees, Japanese octopus playground next to the long row of Bulgarian picnic tables and Argentinean BBQ’s, Belgian benches around the cherry trees, UV (black light) light highlighting all white from the American shower lamp, Norwegian bike rack with a bike pump, Liberian cedar trees • the white lines on Mimers Plads are all moving in straight lines from north to south, curving around the different furniture to avoid touching it. Here the pattern is highlighting the furniture instead of just being a caped under it.

• To protect from the street ending at the north east corner of the square and to meet the wishes

90

Program the green park : Sport/play

Figure 35: Superkilen Park – Green Park By Beijarke Ingels

91

Program

• the green park IS completely green – not only keeping and exaggerating the curvy landscape, but also painting all bike- and pedestrian paths green.

• the park is welcoming with a big rotating neon sign from USA, a big Italian chandelier and a black Osborne Bull from Costa del Sol (a wish from a Danish couple living in the area!).

• Armenian picnic tables next to Mjølnerparken with South African BBQ’s, a volcano shapes sports arena for basket ball and football, a line dance pavilion from Texas, muscle beach from LA with a high swing from Kabul, Spanish ping pong tables and a pavilion for the kids to hang out in • The green park is turning into Mimers Plads on the top of the hill to the south. From the top of the hill you can almost overlook the entire Superkilen

92

93

Program And Zooning 94

Guidelines And Methodology

• • • • • • • • • • •

Offering a diverse program of functions, activities and destinations Offering a safe pedestrian environment Urban infill (finding an empty lots in the crowding urban context, create parks and open spaces) Develop a green network – landscape Create a fine pedestrian network (clearly defined walkways ) tourism attraction , revitalizing the area and the economy around it.

Emphasis in character and identity of the city Creating new nodes Creating new open and public spaces that invites people to stay in the city space Using existing elements that gives the area its identity (paving materials)-remain the sense of history and nostalgia that the area have - visualizing the city identity Concentrating activities around popular destinations and nodes

95

Guidelines And Methodology

•

• • • • • •

• • • •

Enhance the quality of the streets ( *safe crossing and clear wayfinding devices, *host activities along the pedestrian link,*create places to sit,*responses to microclimate, adding shades and such) creating new edges with seating and trees Enforcement for proximity( adding signs and crossing , paving ) Introduce more biking, green mobility and more sustainable approach Considering bike lanes that re-balance the roads Improve sense of safety Active edge( green walls, art and light, planting, furniture) Install public seating and create places resting, meeting, and people watching, observing Encourage Street art alleys Improve access to public transit Upgrade the transit waiting experience ( adding seating, shades, shelter, lighting, interactive elements or signs )

96

Guidelines And Methodology

• Offering a diverse program.

• tourism attraction.

• Urban infill

• Active edge

97

• Develop a green network – landscape

• New open and public spaces

Guidelines And Methodology

• Enhance the quality of the streets.

• Emphasis identity of the city

• Install public seatinf

• Concentrating • Creating more • Using local options for people activities materials- elements

98

Zooning Remove buildings with no architectural or historical value

Municipality >>> Museum

Adaptation – Re use Jum’a house >>> hotel / Inn

HISTORICAL SITES EXSISTING BUILDING

PROPOSED PARKING

GREENERY

BUILDING REMOVAL

URBNA CORRIDOR

PROPOSED SITE

Figure 36: Zooning On Site Map Diagram

99

Program/facilities

Recreational facilities recommended: • Art gallery • Viewing platform • Outdoor venue for events (art, music concerts, conference or sport event) • Sidewalk Cafés and restaurants (secondary attraction facility) • pop-up shops for start-aps • Multipurpose podium / auditorium • Gathering space ( urban furniture/ setting areas), places for resting, meeting, and people watching, and observing • Parks, plazas, and open spaces • Space for play elements that invite children • Cinemas-outdoor movies and Theatres • Multi purpose sport court / Street sport utility/ running paths • recreational centre • Pedestrian walkways and cycling paths • Workshops • Green system and canopy covers

100

101

CONCEPT Vision Evaluation Concept 102

Vision Public spaces - not a “nice to have” but a basic need for cities Uniting people via culture – recreation.

• The project aims is to enhance the public realm, increase the civic participation making the city more liveable and enjoyable, throw Creating new open and public spaces that invites people to stay in the city space and become a destination for visitors, encourage social interaction, with Emphasising in character and identity of the city, and at the same time works as a tourism attraction to explore the city • Enhance quality of life and life satisfaction by focusing on creating A bounding society, and increasing the social ties between them, achieving that by creating a ( walkable environment that increase people chance to socialise ) • Multi dimensional strategy that can affect different aspects and concerns ( social, cultural, economical, and environmental aspect) • Achieving that by making public life the driver for the design (facilities/ infrastructure…etc)

103

Tri-affect strategy 2.Tourism

1-Community

Tourism Value • Revive the abandoned heritage sites • Emphasis in character and identity of the city • New image for the city • Branding for the city

Cultural Value: • Improve quality of life • Promoted social equality and stability • increase cultural vitality • Social integration Recreational Value: • enhance the public realm • increase the civic participation • making the city more liveable and enjoyable • encourage social interaction Economical Value • Increase economy vitality • Increase business diversity • Decrease poverty

3.Nature Environmental Value • Improve quality urban infrastructure • Increase ecological diversity • Promote green mobility

104

Evaluation

Evaluating problems, then framing them to a 4 main categories, produce solutions, suggest solutions, recommended spaces based on the evaluation

105

Evaluation

Potential Users, and their relation with the space

ELDERLY PEOPLE

KIDS

SHOPPERS

106

STUDENTS

TOURIST

Existing Settings

Existing settings for the site, represent the circulation routes, existing buildings, heritage sites, governmental buildings.

pedestrian

governmental

vehicle Figure 36: Existing Settings Map Diagram

107

Heritage

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation acts that will take place in the site.

1-conservation

2-maintenance

3-restoration

4-adaptation

Rehabilitation Figure 37: Rehabilitation Actions Location

108

Samples For The Rehabilitation actions

Existing settings for the site, represent the circulation routes, existing buildings, heritage sites, governmental buildings.

maintenance Figure 38: Rehabilitation Actions – Picture Location

109

Samples For The Rehabilitation actions

Rehabilitation acts that will take place in the site.

Restoration + maintenance

+ maintenance Urban in-fill

Many empty lots along the site Pocket garden Figure 39: Rehabilitation Actions – Picture Location

110

Samples For The Rehabilitation actions

• A lot of old abandoned houses in the site >>> need for maintenance and then adaptation • This action emphasises on the city identity

Visual disruption Figure 40: House Example Rehabilitation – Picture Location

111

Samples For The Rehabilitation actions

Rehabilitation acts that will take place in the site.

Rehabilitation Figure 41: Rehabilitation Action For Elevations – Picture Location

112

Zooning Remove buildings with no architectural or historical value

Municipality >>> Museum

Adaptation – Re use Jum’a house >>> hotel / Inn

HISTORICAL SITES EXSISTING BUILDING

PROPOSED PARKING

GREENERY

BUILDING REMOVAL

URBNA CORRIDOR

PROPOSED SITE

Figure 42: Zooning On Site Map Diagram

113

Concept Diagrams

Cultural Connector CULTURAL HUB Community Living Room

Sketch model for massing lay-out

CAR - FREE IN THE CENTER

PROGRAM-MAIN SPACES

Figure 43: Concept Diagrams

114

Massing - Concept New building Public –open space Rehabilitation + re-use

Façade -Rehabilitation

Heritage

New buildings

Public space

adaptation

Figure 44: Massing Model Diagram

115

pedestrian Rehabilitation

Journey

The final journey for the user after all interventions are made. the journey starts with heritage sites, user could experience all heritage sites, then end the journey with a view to the city and the city history.

Heritage

New buildings

Public space

adaptation

Rehabilitation Journey Approaches

Figure 45: Journey Diagram

116

Adaptation And Re-Use Sample

• Greater Irbid Municipality Use of more local material, to enhance the neighbourhood architectural character and identity.

Figure 46: Adaptation And Re-Use / Greater Irbid Municipality

117

Elevation Example

• Human scale • Active façade-moving with an average of (3 mph) (0.447 Ms) • The human brain needs approximately 1000 new stimuli per hour in order to remain alert • Enjoyment: walking in streets with façade that Varey every 30 feet (9.14 meters)

Figure 47: Elevation Rehabilitation Example

118

93

FINAL PROPOSAL 94

Site Analysis

117

Existing Settings

118

Final Master-Plan

117

Selected Site

118

Bridging heritage with social hub

117

Layout

118

Zooning

117

Diagram

118

3D – Entrance Shot

117

Section

118

3D – Shot

117

3D – Shot

118

3D – Shot

117

3D – Shot

118

3D – Shot

117

118