Architecture Thesis | Vaibhav Saini | Thesis Report

Conflated Reality Cultural and Exhibition Center A destination hovering over and along the sabarmati Vaibhav Saini Guides: Ar Rahoul B Singh | Ar Vaibhav Dimri Coordinator: Prof Dr Jaya Kumar

lkjka’k खोज के मूल में अधिक सार्वजनिक और प्रासंगिक रिवरफ्रं ट विकास की चितं ा के साथ, यह थीसिस परियोजना साइट से बाहर निकलती है, साबरमती रिवरफ्रं ट के पूर्व और पश्चिम की ओर एक पैदल यात्री पुल के माध्यम से जोड़कर पैदल चलने वालो ं की गतिशीलता की आवश्यकता को समझते हुए सार्वजनिक सभा के लिए एक सक्रिय प्रदर्शनी कें द्र में पूर्वी बैंक। यह समझा जाता है कि इस तरह के शहरी मुद्दों को सं बोधित करते समय एक बहु-आयामी दृष्टिकोण की आवश्यकता होती है क्योंकि एक पुल के वल एक मार्ग होने के बजाय एक गं तव्य हो सकता है। इसलिए, खोज तब यह समझने की है कि ऐसे नए कनेक्शनो ं के पूर्वज बनने में आर्किटेक्चर क्या भूमिका निभा सकता है, सं पन्न होने के नए तरीके प्रदान करता है और यह एक अंतरिक्ष में कै से अनुवादित होता है। प्रक्रिया के हिस्से के रूप में किए गए शोध कार्य, सिद्धांत, समयरेखा अध्ययन और गतिविधि मानचित्रण सहित, परियोजना के सामाजिक और भौतिक आयामो ं को समझने के लिए आधार बनाता है। स्थानीय और अपेक्षित आगं तक ु ो ं सहित कई हितधारको ं की जरूरतो,ं अपेक्षाओ ं और आकांक्षाओ ं को ध्यान में रखा जाता है। परियोजना मुफ्त सार्वजनिक पहुंच की कमी, मनोरंजक गतिविधियो ं की अनुपस्थिति और साबरमती रिवरफ्रं ट से सं बं धित सुरक्षा के मुद्दों को सं बोधित करने का प्रयास करती है। वास्तुशिल्प डिजाइन के हिस्से के रूप में उपयुक्त निर्माण तकनीक और समकालीन स्थापत्य रूप का भी पता लगाया गया है। यह थीसिस पुस्तक डिजाइन यात्रा और डिजाइनर की विचार प्रक्रिया को समाहित करने का प्रयास करती है। जहां अकादमिक अभ्यास समाप्त होता है, अंतरिम उत्पाद न के वल एक वास्तुशिल्प दृष्टिकोण से बल्कि एक समग्र अंतर-अनुशासनात्मक दृष्टिकोण के माध्यम से इस मुद्दे पर और विचार और बहस शुरू करने की उम्मीद करता है।

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Synopsis With a concern for a more public and relevant riverfront development at the core of the search, this thesis project grows out of the site, understanding the need for pedestrian mobility by linking the east and west side of the sabarmati riverfront via a pedestrian bridge and developing the eastern bank into an active exhibition center for public gathering.

It is understood that a multi-dimensional approach is required while addressing such urban issues as a bridge can itself be a destination instead of just being a thoroughfare. Therefore, the quest is then to understand what role Architecture can play in becoming progenitor of such new connections, provide new ways of thriving and how this gets translated into a space.

The research work, inclusive of theory, timeline studies and activity mapping, undertaken as part of the process builds the base for understanding the social and physical dimensions of the project. The needs, expectations and aspirations of multiple stakeholders, including the locals and expected visitors, are taken into consideration. The project tries to address issues of a lack of free public access, absence of recreational activities and safety related to the sabarmati riverfront. Appropriate construction technology and contemporary architectural form is also explored as part of the architectural design.

This thesis book tries to encapsulate the design journey and the designer’s thought process. Where the academic exercise ends, the interim product hopes to initiate further ideation and debate on this issue, not just from an architectural point of view but through a holistic inter-disciplinary approach.

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Acknowledgments 01st June 2021 I have to begin with thanking my parents who deserve a round of applause for silently and constantly supporting me throughout my life and on this journey of architectural education as for months I vanished, mentally, engrossed in work.

A special thank you to my father for always having my back and teaching me how to be a good person.

I would also like to thank my thesis guides Ar. Rahoul B Singh and Ar. Vaibhav Dimri, not as a matter of official courtesy but for their constant support, patience and for the sessions full of severe and insightful critiques that have helped me better understand and shape the project while always allowing it to be MY thesis. Further, I want to extend my thanks to all the faculty members who have taught me over the years and have always been a constant source of inspiration, guidance and support.

A huge shout-out to my super-cool “seniors/friends/mentors” – Devkinandan Sharma and Manish Yadav for consistently giving me their inputs at various stages of the thesis journey and throught the five years of architectural studies. Your refreshing points of view have always been helpful in understanding many things – about buildings and the people inside them.

I would like to extend my gratitude to Sarthak, Atul and Ieshika for all their help, and to Santrupthy, Pavani, Paraz, Vignesh and Kritiika for always being there and supporting me.

For all those who helped me and supported me during the time of need, you have my heartfelt thanks. Over the years I have found inspiration in trusted friends and mentors, but also in unexpected sources. Thank you everyone, named and unnamed, for keeping me going!

Vaibhav Saini

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“In the loving memory of my father, may you find peace.”

Late Shri Ajay Saini 16 Sept’1967 - 18 April’2021

Table of contents

Synopsis Declaration Certificate Table of contents List of figures and drawings

Part I: Design Investigation Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Research

Chapter 3: The Project

1.1 Introduction to the thesis 1.2 The city of ahmedabad 1.3 The Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project

2.1 Areas of research 2.2 Case Studies 2.3 Case Examples 2.4 Technical Aspects

3.1 Project Scope and profile 3.2 Components 3.3 Detailed area program 3.4 Reading of the area program 3.5 Organizational diagrams

Chapter 4: Site study

Chapter 5: Technology

Chapter 6: Design Determinants

4.1 Introduction to the site 4.2 Site and context images 4.3 Site analysis 4.4 Activity mapping 4.5 Climate data and analysis 4.6 Inferences and Conclusions

5.1 Structural systems 5.2 Services 5.3 Sustainability 5.4 Other details

6.1 Inferences from the studies 6.2 Determinants for zoning 6.3 Determinants for circulation 6.4 Determinants for other issues

1.4 Need of the project 1.5 Thesis Proposition

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Part II: Design Translation Chapter 7: Concept and Ideation Chapter 8: Design Development Chapter 9: Final Design

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List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

The Growth of Ahmedabad (1411-2012), Source: AMC................................................................................................. 12 Sabarmati Riverfront Masterplan (SRFDCL)..................................................................................................................... 13 The growth of Ahmedabad, Source: AMC.......................................................................................................................14 The aesthetics of flexibility................................................................................................................................................. 19 Shearing Layers of Change Diagram (Brand, 1994)....................................................................................................... 20 Ponte Vecchio (Left), Galata Bridge, The twist Museum (Right) ................................................................................. 22 11th Street Bridge, Source: OMA........................................................................................................................................ 23 The Bridge Pavilion, Source: SpaceStation..................................................................................................................... 23 Used/ Unused spaces, Sabarmati Riverfront (Mahadevia D. et al, 2016)................................................................... 24 Factors affecting the playfulness of a design intervention (Saini, 2020)................................................................... 25 Sabarmati Riverfront Lower Promenade (Base Image : Google).................................................................................27 Sabarmati Riverfront Lower Promenade Section............................................................................................................27 Convention Hall Upper Level, Layout, Source: JECC..................................................................................................... 31 Exhibition Hall Layout, Source: JECC............................................................................................................................... 33 Schematic Drawings: Rialto Bridge.................................................................................................................................. 45 Axonometric: Rialto Bridge (Mansoor, 2014).................................................................................................................. 45 Rialto Bridge Images.......................................................................................................................................................... 45 Schematic Drawings: Galata Bridge................................................................................................................................ 46 Axonometric: Galata Bridge (Mansoor, 2014)................................................................................................................. 46 Galata Bridge Images......................................................................................................................................................... 46 Case study matrix................................................................................................................................................................50 Modular Sports hall approach (Sport England, 2012)................................................................................................... 54 Court layout for a nominal 34.5 x 7.5m Court hall (Sport England, 2012)................................................................... 54 Typical layout (Sport England, 2012)................................................................................................................................ 55 Typical layout for changing rooms (Sport England, 2012)............................................................................................ 56 Other requirements (Sport England, 2012)..................................................................................................................... 57 Rainwater harvesting diagram; Source: Pinterest........................................................................................................... 92 Average precipitation Ahmedabad (www.weather-and-climate.com).............................................................................................................................................................. 92 Water storage requirement flow diagram........................................................................................................................ 93 STP schematic flow diagram (Lompart, 2005)............................................................................................................... 95 Grid tie solar PV array(Pinterest)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 97 Sunhours Ahmedabad (www.weather-and-climate.com).................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98 Solar tube (Pinterest)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 99 Evaporative cooling (Pinterest).................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99 | 12

The Site

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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Introduction to the thesis The city of ahmedabad The Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project Need of the project Thesis Proposition

1.1 Introduction Public spaces and cultural centers reflect and form the image of the city for both the tourist and the residents as these are the most commonly accessed spaces that they can interact with. They are an integral component contributing to the character of a city. These spaces help in bridging the various communities residing together and promotes social interaction and even a common, local identity. But despite of being a critical element of the urban realm of the city, there are very few active public spaces i.e. spaces and institutions appropriate for the diverse needs of the residents of the city. The ones that are present seem insufficient to cater to the growing and varied population of urban centers. Thus it is critical to rethink the design of these institutions.

These interventions are critical as they can serve as catalysts of rejuvenation of its surrounding areas and can help extend the boundaries of the cultural fabric of the city making them more productive and active, in the current times and context.

Cultural and Exhibition centers, are designed to bring people together to discuss and explore their mutual interests in various subjects. Holding conferences and exhibitions creates a platform where people can exercise their independence, the choice to participate in whatever they want to. Conference halls, exhibition centers, museums, galleries, exhibition areas etc. do exist in the city, but these various functions are scattered around, limiting the number of people that they attract to their isolated events which results in a long period of time when these structures are not in use or are barely occupied. Similarly bridges are seen as a means to go from Point A to Point B and are put in a different category of built all together. What would happen if all these functions were no longer isolated structures but would rather come together and be the progenitors of new connections, and new ways of thriving? What if bridges were no longer just bridges, but an integral part of cultural fabric of the city having performance amphitheater, café, retail, picnic gardens, and interactive art installations? Therefore, this thesis aims to explore these various what ifs and tries to understand: How can urban built and public spaces become more productive, relevant and active

in the present times and for the future?

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1.2 The city of Ahmedabad Ahmedabad is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of the Ahmedabad district and the seat of the Gujarat High Court. Ahmedabad’s population of 5.7 million (as per 2011 populationcensus) makes it the fifth-most populous city in India, and the encompassing urban agglomeration population estimated at 6.5 million is the seventh-most populous in India. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River, 23 km (14 mi) from the state capital Gandhinagar, which is its twin city.

Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India, due to which it was known as the ‘Manchester of India’ along with Kanpur. Ahmedabad’s stock exchange is the country’s second oldest. The effects of liberalization of the Indian economy have energized the city’s economy towards tertiary sector activities such as commerce, communication and construction. Ahmedabad’s increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries resulting in development of skyscrapers. The city boasts architectural legacy that spans from vernacular to modern having works of masters including Louis Kahn, BV Doshi and Charles correa. The city is divided by the sabarmati river in two parts connected by only 7 bridges.

Figure 1 The Growth of Ahmedabad (1411-2012), Source: AMC

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1.3 The riverfront development The project aimed at transforming Ahmedabad’s riverfront to reconnect the city with its river. By reclaiming around 202 hectares of riverbed land on both sides of the river, for a length of nearly twelve kilometers, the project aimed at creating a public realm that will connect an expansive network of parks and promenades for the city’s five million residents to enjoy. One of the key features of this project is a two-level, continuous promenade at the water’s edge along each bank of the river. The lower level promenade has a minimum width of six meters. It has been built just above the water level to serve pedestrians and cyclists and to provide access to the water.

Over a quarter of the reclaimed land has been designated for parks and plazas. The project replaces a largely private riverfront with an expansive public realm with a network of parks, waterside promenades, markets, cultural institutions, recreational facilities and commercial developments The project aims to create a thriving, people-centric network of parks, waterside promenades, markets, cultural and recreational facilities in the heart of Ahmedabad, for the city’s five million residents, making the city’s riverfront a public asset. To provide new and improved amenities for the city and to include sections with particular needs, provision of markets and vending areas to include street vendors , laundry facilities for the washing community, trade and fair facilities for the business community have been made in the project. In addition, many new parks, gardens and sports facilities are being built on the reclaimed land. The parks shall enhance livability in the area that they are located in and strengthen the city’s green network. Boating Stations at the lower level enable water recreation and offer a water-based mode of public transport in the future.

Area of Intervention

Figure 2 Sabarmati Riverfront Masterplan (SRFDCL) Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

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1.4 Need for the project Even after the Phase I development of the Sabarmati riverfront, the city of Ahmedabad stays divided in two, approximately 300m apart and connected by only seven vehicular bridges. The riverfront developed on the two sides run parallel and never meet. Also it lacks presence of diversity of public spaces and activities which results in under utilization of the riverfront.

Therefore it is in need of interventions to create a meaningful and complete development in the city center.

The proposed project will help in connecting the west and the east part of the Sabarmati Riverfront in the proposed area of intervention with a series of programmed spaces and active zones, following the vision of the overall riverfront development that will provide an engaging place hovering above and along the Sabarmati River. The Cultural and Exhibition Centre on the east side will connect to the west side through the pedestrian bridge which itself will be an extension of the Cultural Centre and become a hub of activity, providing a sequence of zones designated for play, relaxation, learning and gathering. It will not only be an elevated thoroughfare but also a destination where two sides of the river converge and coexist. The whole development will offer a retreat for residents and a new territory for tourists and visitors to explore.

Figure 3 The growth of Ahmedabad, Source: AMC

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1.5 Thesis proposition To create a cohesive and adaptable built environment which can attract diverse user groups and promote creativity and social interaction among the people of Ahmedabad. While at the same time developing an alternate network of socio-cultural spaces hovering over and along Sabarmati river paving way for the two sides of the riverfront to converge and coexist.

1.5.1 Project in a nutshell This thesis aims at developing a cultural and exhibition center on the Sabarmati riverfront and linking the east and west riverfront through a pedestrian bridge. The pedestrian bridge is envisioned to itself act as an extension of the centre and become a hub of activity, providing a sequence of zones designated for play, relaxation, shopping and gathering.

The urban scale • Developing an alternate network for pedestrian mobility across the river and linking the various developments • Understanding the needs of the riverfront The architectural scale • To understand the functioning of a typical Exhibition center and its requirements.

• Integrating the bridge with socio-cultural spaces to free up the riverfront banks

1.5.2 Scope The scope of this research is limited to understanding the potential uses of bridges and exhibition centers.

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Chapter 2 Research 2.1 Areas of research 2.1.1 Dynamics of existence 2.1.2 What is a bridge?

2.1.3 What is a public space?

2.1.4 The Playful riverfront 2.1.5 The riverfront development 2.2 Case Studies 2.2.1 JECC, Jaipur 2.2.2 MEETT, France 2.2.3 The 2nd Phase HEC, China 2.2.4 The Shed, New York

2.3 Case Examples 2.3.1 11th Street bridge, USA 2.3.2 The Rialto bridge, Venice 2.3.3 The Galata Bridge, Istanbul 2.3.4 Yangjing Bridge, China 2.3.5 QEQ Bridge, Australia 2.3.6 The Citadella Bridge 2.4 Case study matrix 2.5 Technical Aspects

2.1 Areas of Research 01 Dynamics of existence Understanding the flexible and multiple-use of space 02 Re-assess the bridge as a typology and rediscovering its potential in the urban setting Developing an alternate network for pedestrian mobility and integrating it with socio-cultural spaces.

03 Understanding the needs of the Sabarmati riverfront Studying the nature and character of riverfront development 04 Technology Studying various structural systems for large span 05 Sustainable development Studying techniques to reduce operational needs and environmental impacts

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2.1.1 Dynamics of existence All over the world we have various examples of the concept of multiple use of spaces where the same lends itself to various uses, thereby having multiple existences and identities. Often these examples are seen in public spaces because of their inherent attribute to afford overlapping uses. For example, Manek chowk which is in close proximity to the site is a sabzi mandi in the morning, a market during the day and food court during the nights. It is the same space but has different identities according to the time of the day a person visits it which makes its existence all the more relevant as this helps in utilizing the space to its full potential.

The same can hold true for architecture as well depending on whether we treat the building as a closed static system or an open and dynamic one that is ever evolving and adapting. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the masters of modern architecture and a great inspiration of many, believed that the purpose for which a building is used are constantly changing and we can not afford to tear down a structure everytime we have to build something new. This is well reflected in his designs where generous open-ended spaces and required universal facilities are provided for a flexible use. Mies spoke of providing a ground for unfolding of life suggesting that an architect should be catalyst for the process of becoming rather than the author. Therefore, like a person a structure should have freedom to realize its own identity.

Therefore, instead of form following function, the better approach is developing forms that can afford the various ever changing functions.

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2.1.1.1 The aesthetics of flexibility Flexibility of usage in architecture can be achieved through in the three ways mentioned below (Chaillou, 2018): 1. Functional Flexibility: This happens through the users’ appreciation and usage of the space, rather than by an actual “regeneration” of the building throughout time. This however does require the presence of related services or improvisations for such facilities within the same space. This doesn’t require much alterations to the core structure.

2. Space Plasticity: This requires possible reconfigurations and redistribution of spaces to accommodate the new use which can either be an addition or replace the existing use.

3. Aggregations (Growth): In the previous two cases the built remains constant but in this case it increases as more and more functions aggregate into the surrounding open spaces which leads to growth horizontally outwards or vertically upwards.

Original Use

Type 1: Functional Flexibility

Type 2: Space Plasticity

Type 3: Aggregations

Figure 4 The aesthetics of flexibility

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2.1.1.2 Shearing layers of change (Brand, 1994, Challiou, 2018) As Franck Duffy, a British architect and founder of the DEGW, rightfully explains: “Our basic argument is that there isn’t any such thing as a building. A building properly conceived is several layers of longevity of built components” Stewart Brand in his book, How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built, proposes a diagram to sum up Duffy’s vision: Shearing Layers of Change.

His vision is clear: buildings are living organism that adapt, evolve and change. More precisely, Brand isolates the “shearing layers”, and groups them into batches of elements: Stuff, Space Plan, Services, Skin, Structure, Site. Each group has its own life cycle, constraints, properties and should be treated as such. If the 21-st century might be the place and time for true space flexibility, achieving such a challenge translates into activating each layer of Brand’s diagram. For any given type of program, understanding the extent of each layer’s flexibility, while insuring the overall consistence of the building’s metabolism is crucial (Challiou, 2018).

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STUFF SPACE PLAN SERVICES SKIN STRUCTURE SITE Figure 5 Shearing Layers of Change Diagram (Brand, 1994)

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2.1.1.3 Inferences for the design For both the structure and the skin of the building, maintenance is required and they can’t contribute a lot to space plasticity as it becomes uneconomical. Same is the case for services. They support the program, and insures its viability but for both reasons of costs, and practicality, services should not be adapted constantly like the program, but rather should be disseminated evenly to be able to support any kind of space layout. Its flexibility is measured by its evenness of distribution across floor and ceiling (HVAC, outlets, lighting, etc) (Chaillou, 2018). As permanent element, they also represent common places, that act as landmarks for the community of users. Total space plasticity is technically limited by availability of services , structural grids and heights, and skin, in terms of users’ comfort, and by programmatic needs.

Therefore, alternate possible uses or nature of uses should be kept in mind while designing to design accordingly.

Space plan and Stuff are truly the two layers which can contribute to the notion of adaptability as these are temporary and can be altered with ease. Certain spaces can be fixed in space to respect users’ habits. Private offices for instances, are likely to be permanently assigned to an area, to keep users’ familiar with their working environment. Similarly, servicesdependent units like toilets and changing rooms that need constant access to water pipes, are necessarily fixed in space.

Rest all the equipments and spaces can be molded as per the need. Provisions can be left within the structure for future additions.

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2.1.2 What is a bridge?

I have always wondered that in a country where we embrace the temporal nature and possibilities of multiple identities of the same space, why have we started segregating our built environment under fixed typologies? Why can’t the same built serve multiple purposes and users. Bridges are on top of my list where so much of capital involved but the use is limited to being a means connection between two separated sides. In reality this means of connection isn’t the only attribute giving bridges their significance, others include materiality, location, physical existence, programmatic opportunities that exist. Sure the earlier bridges of the past were meant for mere crossing of obstacles ranging from fallen logs to spans of wooden planks, steel and concrete in more recent years, but there is also a history of bridges being the social condenser of our society.

The various examples of inhabited bridges include but are not limited to Ponte Vecchio, the Rialto bridge, the Galata bridge, the London bridge, the Twist museum etc. showcase the impact on the urban setting a bridge can have. These bridges are not only objects but are also subjects having their own identity and serving their unique purpose in the realm of built environment and public spaces.

This gives a clear understanding of how bridges can create vibrant social corridors blurring the division between mere pedestrian infrastructure and architecture. These structures doesn’t only have passerbys but also dwellers.

Figure 6 Ponte Vecchio (Left), Galata Bridge, The twist Museum (Right)

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The addition of various different layers and programs to the existing structure can enable a bridge to host various activities and dwellers in addition to having passerby. A bridge can also have markets, museums, art galleries, spaces for play and possess its own street instead of just leading to one.

This does require incorpration of services, increase in the overall width of the thoroughfare to generate a new typology for a bridge having a fluid identity. This can help in redistribution of density and activity and bring meaningful development to the riverfront of ahmedabad. This requires the study of bridges both as an object and as a subject.

Figure 7 11th Street Bridge, Source: OMA

1. Bridge as an object: As an object the form, structural logic, material assembly, and technology needs to be studied.

2. Bridge as an subject : As a subject culture, architectural language, adjacencies and relevance to urban fabric becomes important.

Figure 8 The Bridge Pavilion, Source: SpaceStation

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slots. Majority stretches that were unused on the weekdays are used on the weekends. The stretches in the afternoons are also comparatively more used than that on weekdays. The nights continue to be less used even in the weekends. There are few stretches on the western side like the ‘E’- the Vallabhsadan and ‘H’ near the Ambedkar Bridge that are very active even in the also importantwith to notepublic that on the weekend tooto there-establish lower promenade in the The riverfront project was developed to replace the majorlynighttimes. privateIt isriverfront facilities the most parts is ‘less used’ even on the stretches that are used on the upper promenade side. If at relationship between the people and the river. The aim wasallto create a thriving public realm.

Now for around a space to nodes be the lower promenades are used then the people are found clustered the activity like the eating kiosks and the boating station.

Many stretches on the riverfront that have sport percieved as a part of the public realm it should be open and accessible for everyone. The interface plays a very important facility are the most populated spaces in the mornings during weekends. Similarly the garden role in the establishing an active dialogue between the publicandbuilt andpromenade the surroundings. porosity and the lower are more populatedThe during the evenings.

The perception stretches ‘F’ and of ‘G’ are not used even on the weekends because they do not have any activities at the time when the interface caused by its character has a direct impact on the engagement the public space/ building has with its users. this survey was done.

2.1.3 What makes up a public space?

The factors that affect these:−

Table 2: Used and Unused Spaces in Different Time Slots, Weekends

Eastern side mode of access and Western Side • Boundary conditions: Presence and character of boundary wall, type of access, access control, B C D F G H B D E F G H and permeability.

Morning Afternoon

Evening • Freedom of action: Site location and context, appropriation, ownership and control, use and function of edge Night

Used spaces

Unused spaces

• Visual relationship between the access road and the design, visual connect through the interface, arrangement of the of unused the street façade.are used on the weekends. The The Table 1 shows the ‘completed’ spaces on each side and their use in different time slots. slots. built, Majorityarticulation stretches that were on the weekdays

The orange colour depicts used spaces and the blue colour depicts unused spaces. Majority of stretches in the afternoons are also comparatively more used than that on weekdays. The nights stretches are unused in the nighttimes and many of them also remain unused in the afternoon.

Along the sabarmati riverfront, it is important to note that even continue to be less used even in the weekends. There are few stretches on the western side like though it has free access to the public, the lower promenade This is very common for the stretches towards the south part of the eastern side and the stretches the ‘E’- the times Vallabhsadan and ‘H’ near the Ambedkar Bridge that are verythat active are evenunder in the the ‘used’ category. This is mainly due to the lack of visibility in most is ‘less used’ even on the stretches towards the north on the western side. It is also important to note that the lower promenade in nighttimes. It is also important to note that on the weekend too the lower promenade in the most times is ‘less used’ even on of the stretches are under the ‘used’ category.

This of is mainly fromparts the access roads thethatupper This side. alsoIf ataffects the perception safety.that The monotonous nature the most is ‘less used’ even on theand stretches are usedpromenade. on the upper promenade due to the low availability of physical activity nodes, monotonous nature of the lower all the lower promenades are used then the people are found clustered around the activity nodes lower promenade and the lack of gathering spaces makes thepromenade, appropraition of the space as it nodes and importantly perception of harder lack of safety on lacks account activity of it not having any like the eating kiosks and the boating station. Many stretches on the riverfront that have sport visibility from the upper promenade.

Map 4 sums up the used and unused parts of the riverbank and facilities.

In casespaces of development along theSimilarly upperthe promenade the river can only be percieved when one is close to facility are the most populated in the mornings during weekends. garden during the weekdays. The gender safety study has been done only for the segments which are and lower promenade are more populated during the evenings. The stretches ‘F’ and ‘G’ thetheboundary. used and for which this exercise was necessary. are not used even on the weekends because they do not have any activities at the time when this survey was done.

Map 5: Used and unused spaces on weekends on the riverfront Table 2: Used and Unused Spaces in Different Time Slots, Weekends Morning Afternoon Evening Night

B

C

Eastern side D F

G

H

B

Used spaces

D

Western Side E F

G

H

Unused spaces

The Table 1 shows the ‘completed’ spaces on each side and their use in different time slots.

Figure 9 Used/ Unused spaces, Sabarmati Riverfront (Mahadevia D. et al, 2016) The orange colour depicts used spaces and the blue colour depicts unused spaces. Majority of 4.5.Predominant user groups stretches are unused in the nighttimes and many of them also remain unused in the afternoon. The users were categorised in groups such as family (yellow colour), couples (blue colour), This is very common for the stretches towards the south part of the eastern side and the stretches youths (green colour) and individuals (red colour). The individuals visiting the riverbank were towards the north on the western side. It is also important to note that the lower promenade in all men; no woman was found as single individual visiting riverfront. In other words, women most times is ‘less used’ even on the stretches that are under the ‘used’ category. This is mainly came to the riverbank always accompanied by someone; other women, family member (s) or Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21 due to the low availability of physical activity nodes, monotonous nature of the lower promenade, and importantly perception of lack of safety on account of it not having any 15 visibility from the upper promenade. Map 4 sums up the used and unused parts of the riverbank

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2.1.4 The Playful riverfront The aim of the riverfront project is to create a thriving, people-centric playful network of parks, waterside promenades, markets, cultural and recreational facilities in the heart of Ahmedabad, for the city’s five million residents, making the city’s riverfront a public asset. But to do so spaces are needed to be designed so that they can afford these activities instead of forcing them.

Discoverability of the design intervention, legibility of play activity, and nature of space, i.e. the context are important factors to increase the potential interactions between the space and the users. The adaptability of spaces, materiality, Conclusions colors, and textures which can bring out playful behaviors among the users, play a major role in creating playful and lively 2020). on the analysis it can be concluded that discoverability of the design spaces (Saini,Based intervention, legibility of play activity, and nature of space, i.e. the context are important factors to increase the interactions per minute (ipm). The adaptability of spaces, materiality, colors, and textures which can bring out playful behaviors among the users, play a major role in the case of playable designs.

Materiality

Texture, softness, toughness etc.

Color

Colors and patterns helps bring out playfulness

Figure 10 Factors affecting the playfulness of a design intervention (Saini, 2020) Urban Play through Interactive Design

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Slide 13

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2.1.5 The riverfront development The stark, lifeless and characterless concrete walls run into several kilometers on both the sides of the river, which has become the defining feature of the new river front landscape. It walls off the vision of the city to the river and acts as a physical and psychological barrier to the water. The wall isolates the river from its natural surroundings. The staircase profile has become the relieving feature of the long blank concrete wall, replacing in the process the cascading steps and stairways that always, without exception, ceremoniously lead to the river, the waters, gradually opening up in a visual embrace which is often seen throughout the various riverfront of India.

As for the seaters placed along the riverfront, it makes the user face the concrete wall instead of the water. The riverfront lacks greens spaces and soft scape which results in an artificial entity having no connection to the river whatsoever. Also it lacks shaded seating spaces which results in the riverfront being abandoned during afternoons in summers.

The needs of the riverfront: • Unrestricted access to the riverfront • Shaded seating spaces • Pedestrian connections between the two sides • More activity generating establishments • Spaces for gathering in the lower promenade

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River

Seater

Walkway

Retaining wall

View of the blank concrete wall

Figure 11 Sabarmati Riverfront Lower Promenade (Base Image : Google)

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Figure 12 Sabarmati Riverfront Lower Promenade Section

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2.2 Case Studies

Exhibition Center, Cultural center, Bridges 02

01 03

07

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04

05

06

08

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2.2.1: JECC, Jaipur

Access The site is accessed from the NH 12 with bus stop located on the highway. The major circulation happens along the road parallel to NH 12 behind the main halls. A dedicated service lane is also provided for easier servicing of all the halls and the convention center.

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2.2.1.1 Convention Center

Program

Function

Movement

•

The ballroom has retractable seating and can function both as banquet and seminar hall. Seperate meeting rooms provided ensuring privacy and all the spaces are connected to main kitchen through service corridor. It is fully air conditioned space.

Drop-off connects to main foyer where reception and registration desk is located. The foyer connects to the main hall and the meeting rooms and VIP lounge are located at level 1. The Outdoor exhibition space and exhibition center are in the immediate adjacencies.

Main entrance is at ground level where reception is located.

Direct connect between the basement to the foyer is also possible.

Service

• • • •

A ballroom of 1,000-1,200 delegates capacity Retractable fitted seating for 740 14 Breakout Rooms including VIP Lounge 2 Green Rooms 400 sqm. banquet space

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Main kitchen includes spaces for both cooking and reheating and storage of pre cooked food. The main storage and service bay is located in the basement.

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Figure 13 Convention Hall Upper Level, Layout, Source: JECC

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2.2.1.2 Exhibition Halls

About •

Clear height of 13m

•

Building height of 20m

•

9m wide dedicated service road for heavy vehicles

•

Rolling shutters of 8m height for letting heavy goods & vehicles come through

•

Access Movement

Structure

Separate service bay for loading & unloading

Each sub hall is provided with a seperate entry from the open foyer which runs parallel to exhibition halls. The food court is located in between the two halls.

The main hall has a 62m span having arched trusses and columns are concrete columns having c-c distance being 10m.

•

FHC along Periphery at 30m Distance

Service

Sustainability

•

20 tonnes/sq. m floor holding capacity

A dedicated service lane is provided for easier servicing of all the halls and the convention center.

Rainwater harvesting pits are incorporated in the design and only recycled water is used for flushing and lawn maintainence.

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Figure 14 Exhibition Hall Layout, Source: JECC

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2.2.2: MEETT, France

Movement A linear movement is imagined throughout the site with a multilevel silo car park located right in the center. The lower level of the car park houses ticket counters and food court.

The outdoor exhibition is accessible from all the spaces.

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Facade Aluminium panels, steel and concrete is used through out the structure. The facade is a continuous linear element throughout the design. The car park is covered with perforated aluminium panels.

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2.2.2.1: Exhibition space

Program Ancillary rooms and toilets are located on the periphery punctuated with entries to individual halls. The halls can be sub divided or can be merged into one big hall through the use of retractable curtains. Exhibitors have seperate entry.

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Structure The structure uses space frame as the primary spanning member spaning around 60m and having a clear height of 9m. Cooing towers are placed on the roof with extra supports being provided.

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2.2.2.2: Convention space

Program The hall has an upper level where meeting rooms are located and the ground floor houses plenary hall with retractable seating and divisible hall for forum. Services are located on the periphery.

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Structure The structure uses steel truss as the primary spanning member spaning around 60m and having a clear height of 13m. Cooing towers are placed above service areas on periphery.

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2.2.3: Hangzhou Exhibition

Structure The structure follows a grid of 8 x 8.25 m with maximum spans near the court areas being 24m, and the is majorly made of steel girders to support the accessible terrace.

Exhibition hall sunken to reduce overall ht and the minimum clear ht of 9.1m (minus the services)

Form The whole facility is sunken with roofs being accessible to make it more welcoming and subtle for the nearby community.

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Movement The movement is linear in nature, with multiple entries leading to the sub level exhibition hall, alernatively providing multiple exits. Multiple entry/exit allows for specific parts of the design to be accessible as per needed without having to run the whole facility.

Program Addition of changing rooms and equipment warehouse to store equipments to the program helps convert the main exhibition spaces to indoor courts for several sports and activities.

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2.2.4: The Shed, NY

Form The shed has a kinetic retractable shell which protrudes out of the adjacent skyscrapper at its base providing the users a variety of spaces for art, theatre and cultural activities.

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Spatial planning Each floor has a double height volume having column free spans which makes a range of activities possible throughout the floors. Services are located in the shared are where the structure meets the skyscrapper.

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Movement Floor can be accessed directly from the street side where escalators are located connecting all the floors or through the cores abuting the nearby structure.

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Program The whole structure can adapt to varied uses depending on the needs of the program. It has double height open floors and 7 storey high retractable shell space which can afoord range of activities.

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Structure Diagrid structure is used for the main shed that is in reality a gantry scrane which can be moved. The motorised mechanism is located on top of roof of the main structure.

Facade ETFE is used for the facade which allows diffused light in while at the same time providing insulation and sheild from external weather. This also makes the structure lighter and less prone to damage during movement.

Equipment Pulley system is incorporated within the shell to aid performances and loading unloading. Radiant heating system within the plaza construction and a variable forced air heating and cooling system serving the occupied portions of the shell for maximum efficiency.

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2.3.1: 11th Street Bridge, Washington DC

To encourage visitors to spend time on the bridge and the neighboring communities throughout the year, amenities for comfort and refreshment, seasonal programming and mitigation of climate extremes are provided along the length of the bridge.

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Accesibility Accessible slopes are provided for pedestrian comfort.

Program Bulkier programs are concentrated near the ends with majority of open functions located near the larger span.

Movement

Structure The central span is 100m. The column supports are made of rcc with main spaning system being steel truss.

The circulation is kept to the outside with primary functions focused at the center. There is a possibility of cross circulation at multiple points.

230m

Perception It feels like a public space for gathering as it houses a range of different activities interspersed all along the length.

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2.3.2: Rialto Bridge, Venice About The Rialto bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy. The bridge constitues of a single arch with two rows of parallel masses which are split up by the central ramp with two narrower ramps running on the periphery facing outwards providing visual connect to the canal. The shops are inward facing and sell jewellery and souviniers and is very famous among tourists.

Urban Connect It was one of the most used bridge connecting the two banks and is defined by major sightlines from the gondolas.

Movement The pedestrian movement happens through three parallel ramps, the outer ones face the river, whereas the central one is used for accessing the shops. The central space acts as a pause pointwhere the central street has views of the canal from the central arched perforation in the facade.

Figure 16 Axonometric: Rialto Bridge (Mansoor, 2014)

Technology The main structure and the shops are built in stone. The arch ed structure spans a total of 28m.

Form The iconic arch helps distinguish the silhouette of the structure from the surroundings and makes it look like a unified mass hovering over the canal.

28m

Figure 15 Schematic Drawings: Rialto Bridge

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Figure 17 Rialto Bridge Images

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2.3.3: Galata Bridge, Istanbul About The Galata bridge spans the Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey.

It spans 480m and has been rebuilt five times. The present bridge was completed in 1994 with the cental openale span being 80 m. The deck of the bridge is 42m. The upper deck serves both pedestrian and vehicles whereas the lower deck is exclusively for pedestrians and houses restaurants all along the stretch.

Restaurants + Walkway

Road

Viewing Deck

Viewing Deck Restaurants + Walkway

Urban Connect It connects karaköy and Eminönü on its banks and carry both vehicular traffic and trams across. The lowerdeck restaurants are famous among the tourists.

Figure 18 Axonometric: Galata Bridge (Mansoor, 2014)

Technology It is floating bridge having deep pontoons taking up the load. The bridges majorly made of steel with its structure being hidden by the facades of restaurants.

Movement The pedestrian movement both on the upperdeck where footpaths are provided and the lower deck where the restaurants are located. All through the bridge pedestrian movement is linear in nature from one bank to the other. Few cross coneections are available at the lower deck which allows multi-directional movement.

Form The bridge lacks in terms of form and there is no significant element observable except for the facades of the restaurants that gives the bridge its character.

450m

Figure 19 Schematic Drawings: Galata Bridge

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Figure 20 Galata Bridge Images

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2.3.4: Yangjing Bridge Structure The dual arched truss is the prime structural member which transfers the entire load.

As for the cycling trackit is cantelivered and a part of upper deck is also cantelieverd on the opposite side with the two being connected with an inclined chord that helps acheive equilibrium.

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2.3.5: Elizabeth Quay Bridge, Australia Structure The deck side of the bridge bows strongly to the north and south in seperate sections, and as a counterbalance to this bow, the arches of the bridge are curved in opposite directions.

Cables transfers the load to the arch which carries the load down.

Form The bridge is curved to achieve the ramp length required to have a clear heght below to let smaller ships pass.

Movement The bridge has the highest point in the center where the ramps from two sides come and meet. The movement happens majorly towards the center whereas outer edge is often used for pause and sight seeing.

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2.3.6: Citadella Bridge, Italy

Movement The vehicular and pedestrians have seperate circulations on the two opposite curves.

Structure The vehicular side of the bridge bows strongly to the north, and as a counter-balance to this bow, the 32.5 meter high arch of the bridge is curved to the south. The weight of the pedestrian bridge helps to maintain the balance, and with the opposing curves, creates a dynamic arrangement.

Form The bridge appears to be lightweight and floating due to absence of intermediate supports.

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2.4.03 Case Matrix CaseStudy Study Inferences and Comparitive Matrix

Vaibhav Saini

Conflated Reality: Culture and Exhibition Center

A/2994/2016

Thesis 2021 | X Semester | SPA-Delhi

Inferences

From Case studies and case examples Seperate service bays are provided for loading/ unloading.

The height difference of the structure can be utilized to for various usage.

The exhibition hall can be transformed into facilities for a series of sports.

Linear movement on the bridge is lined up with activities.

Structural depths for larger spans require deeper members.

This creates oppurtunities to create livable spaces within the structure.

Jaipur Exhibition and Convention Center

MEETT Toulouse Exhibition and Convention Centre

Second Phase Hangzhou Exhibition Center, China

The Shed, New York

11 Street Bridge Park, New York

The Rialto Bridge, Venice

The Galata Bridge, Istanbul

Yangjing Canal Pedestrian Bridge, China

Queen Elizabeth Quay Bridge, Australia

Citadella, Italy

Reasons for Selection

Exhibition and convention center

Exhibition and convention center working

Multipurpose Exhibition Center

Art and Exhibition Center: Kinetic Shell exhibition space

Pedestrian Bridge with functions

Pedestrian Bridge with a market

Pedestrian Bridge with a eateries and viewing decks

Structure-Case Example

Structure-Case Example

Structure-Case Example

Architect/ Firm

MA Architects

OMA, Taillandier Architectes Associés, ppa architectures

Approach Design (ZUP)

Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Rockwell Group

OMA + OLIN

Antonio da Ponte

GAMB

Atelier Liu Yuuang Architects

ARUP Associates

Richard Meier & Partners

Location

Jaipur

Aussone, France

Hangzhou, China

New York, USA

Anacostia river, Washington DC, USA

Grand Canal, Venice, Italy

The golden matterhorn, Istanbul, turkey

Pudong, China

Perth, Australia

Alessandria, Italy

Year of Completion

2016

2020

2017

2019

Winning Proposal

1591 (Presesnt bridge)

1994 (Presesnt bridge)

2018

2016

2017

Site Area

10.11 +6.87 Ha

27.87 Ha

NA

NA

230m + 30m on both sides

31.8m with main arch span being 28m

450m

10.75m width and 55m Span

110m Span

185m Span

Built-up area

43,000m2

70,000m2

66,800m2

18,500m2

18,518m2

-

-

-

-

-

Program

Exhibition halls (20,000m2) , Convention Center (Ballroom 14 Breakout Rooms , Green rooms, 4,000 sq. ft. banquet space), Hotel, Food court (1000m2) and Outdoor Exhibition

Exhibition halls(20,000m2), Convention Cente (15,000m2), Outdoor Exhibition (25,000m2), Parking ( 2000 Surface, 3000 Silo car park), Central Street with food court (14,000m2)

Exhibition Hall (8,400m2); reception and lobby; restaurant (1,100m2); shower and changing rooms (200m2), event area (700m2), football fields, running track, Lecture Hall.

Two levels of gallery space; One Level Griffin Theater; rehearsal space, a creative lab for local artists, and a skylit event space or large-scale performances, installations, and events.

Landscape = 14 572m2, Restaurant/Bar= 1 315m2, Education= 1 296m2, Museum/Gallery= 1 032m2, Theatre = 303m2

Shops selling glass, souvenirs and jewellery and majorly targets the tourists.

Restaurants and eateries at the lower level with two viewing decks located near the openable section

Cycling and Walking Track

Cycling and Walking Track

Parallel vehicular and pedestrian routes

Access and Connectivity

Nearby Bus and Auto stops and is connected to the city via NH 12 Tonk road

Connected to the city by tramway line 1 and airport is 6km away

In the City, Open to Public on all days, No boundary Wall

Next to the new York highline located at Hudson yard

-

-

It connects karaköy and Eminönü on its banks and carry both vehicular traffic and trams across.

-

-

-

Structural System

Steel truss

Steel truss and Space Frame

Composite Steel and RCC

Exposed Steel diagrid Frame

Steel truss and Concrete

Masonry Arch

RCC and Steel (Openable section)

Steel Truss

Steel Arch + Cable Stayed Bridge

Steel Arch + Cable-stayed Bridges

+ Bridge: Case Study and examples

Project

9m-13m clear ceiling with a height of 4m required for space frame/ truss.

Figure 21 Case study matrix

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04

2.4.1 Possible Hall Configurations

2.4.2 Hall Height

13m Clear

1. Central Access: Restricts hall Expansion

3. Separate Foyer: Blocks the views but halls spaces are more flexible for space allocation.

1. 13m clear is the maximum that is required and is generally seen in non-AC spaces.

9m Clear

2. Connected Foyer: Allows for views on one side, halls spaces are more flexible for space allocation and provides all weather access.

2. 9m clear span is the minimum requirement which is followed by most of air conditioned facilities to reduce the overall volume of the space.

Services Main Hall Foyer

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2.4.3 Programming of the bridge Program Ponte Vecchi and Rialto Bridgeboth have a similar commercial Program and both cater to tourists lined with jewellery and souvinier shops. The Galata bridge houses retaurants and the 11th street bridge exhibition and cultural spaces for gathering, events and relaxation.

Rialto 40m

Movement 1. In case of retail the streets and circulation are inward facing which leads to intermediate open spaces to congregate. In the case example of Rialto bridge, there is also an external walkway which is often used mainly by pedestrians to spill out which helps to decongest the internal retail street.

Ponte Vecchio 90m

11th Street Bridge

230m

2. The primary circulation in case of 11th street bridge, circulation is also kept to the outside with primary functions focused at the center. There is a possibility of cross circulation at multiple points.

3. In case of galata bridge all the eateries are sea facing with circulation staying on the periphery.

The Galata Bridge 450m

Retail

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Green Spaces

Food Outlets

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2.4.4 Design Directives • The Main hall can be subdivided by use of temporary partitions and curtains.

• 9m-13m clear Ceiling with a height of 4m required for space frame/ truss for a span of approx. 50m.

• Taking the minimum clear height as 9m helps in reducing the overall internal volume and cooling load.

• Cooling towers can be placed on top of exhibition hall roof but requires extra support for large spans.

• Dedicated Service Lane for loading and unloading bays for the Halls required and each sub halls needs to have a dedicated loading unloading bay, entry and toilets to ensure independent working .

• In absence of a conference, the exhibition hall can be immediately transformed into facilities for a series of sports such as basketball, badminton, table tennis, fitness training and etc. but this requires presence of additional facilities like Equipment storage which can be doubled up for exhibition center storage, changing rooms with showers, a minimum height of 9m and retractable seatings. Direct sunlight into the structure should be avoided.

• The Shed’s open infrastructure can be permanently flexible for an unknowable future. It includes the possibility of having pulley mechanisms, lighting and sound system incorporated to be responsive to variability in scale, media, technology, and the evolving needs of artists.

• In case of 11th Street bridge to encourage visitors to spend time on the bridge and the neighboring communities throughout the year, amenities for comfort and refreshment, seasonal programming and mitigation of climate extremes are provided along the length of the bridge.

• The height difference of the structure can be utilized to divert the various usage flows: cycling, jogging and pedestrian activities.

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2.4 Technical Aspects Badminton court is taken as the standard module to determine the overall length and width of the Hall. A 4 module play space is required to accommodate various other courts and in case of 5 module, more space is available for circulation (Sport England, 2012).

Figure 22 Modular Sports hall approach (Sport England, 2012) Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Figure 23 Court layout for a nominal 34.5 x 7.5m Court hall (Sport

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Figure 24 Typical layout (Sport England, 2012)

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Figure 25 Typical layout for changing rooms (Sport England, 2012)

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Figure 26 Other requirements (Sport England, 2012)

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Chapter 3 The Project 3.1 Project Scope and profile 3.2 Components 3.3 Detailed area program 3.4 Reading of the area program 3.5 Organizational diagrams

3.1: Project profile Cultural and Exhibition Center Theatre, Art & Culture Centre is a trade-fair facility proposed on the eastern bank of the river, between Ellis Bridge and Sardar Bridge. It has been envisioned as a multifaceted convention venue with adaptable spaces that will be equipped with the latest technological equipment and state-of-the-art facilities.

Pedestrian Bridge This iconic foot-over bridge will be first of its kind in the country. It will connect west and east part of Sabarmati Riverfront.

To feel the joy of walking above the river, the bridge will be for pedestrians and would also have seating arrangements for the people to enjoy the beauty of the river from the bridge. Plantation of various trees will also be done to have some green cover on the bridge.

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3.2 Components EXHIBITION HALLS

SPORTS + PERFORMANCES

Trade Fair

Children

PLENARY GALLERY HALL

Conventions

FOYER

Sports Facilities

Adolescents

OUTDOOR EXHIBITION

Performances

Adults and Professionals

STILT + BASEMENT PARKING No Surface Parking as per the requirements of SRFDCL

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Gallery

Families

Seminar + Workshops

Retail

Elderly

Retail Admin

Food Court

ANCILLARY + SERVICE

Theatre

Eateries

Leisure

Tourists

410 CARS | 64

A/2994/2016

TABLE: SUMMARY AREA PROGRAM CODE Seminar Admin + Workshops OUTDOOR EXHIBITION

XHIBITION

OYER

ies

Performances

Gallery

Retail

Gallery

Retail Food Seminar + Court Workshops

Retail

Theatre

ANCILLARY + SERVICE Retail

Admin

Food Court

ANCILLARY + SERVICE

A A.1 A.2

Theatre

Eateries

Leisure

Leisure

Eateries

B B.1 B.2 B.3

dults and ofessionals

es

Families

Elderly

Entry ARKING

e requirements of SRFDCL

Elderly

Tourists

3.3 Area Tourists Program

Summary

10 CARS

Seminar Rooms

Meeting Room

C C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4

enary Hall

ESTIMATED ACHIEVED AREA (SQM)

ADMINISTRATION BLOCK Administration Catering TOTAL OF A Circulation and Structure (40%)

915 360 1275

830 320 1150

510

460

GRAND TOTAL OF A

1785

1610

320 7720

450 7400

3860

1600

880 12780

750 10200

2024

1600

14804

11800

900 150

950 165

400

356

115 1565

115 1586

626

634.4

2191

2220.4

EXHIBITION CENTRE Admin/ Exhibitor's Exhibition Hall Convention + Performance Spaces Back of The House TOTAL OF B Circulation, Structure, Toilets (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF B

410 CARS

Reception

Foyer

B.4

COMPONENTS

ART CENTER Display Storage Conservation Laboratories Admin TOTAL OF C Circulation and Structure (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF C

09

Thesis 2021 | X Semester | SPA-Delhi

GRAND TOTAL OF D

E E.1

SITE SERVICES Site Entry And Parking

E.3

Building Services TOTAL OF E

3570

1470

410 Cars

518 Cars 1350

Pedestrian Bridge

F

Span: 300m F.1 F.2 F.3 F.4 F.5 F.6

Width: 15m

Retail Event spaces Eateries and Café Seating and landscape Cycling tracks Boating Facility GRAND TOTAL BUILTUP AREA Acheived

22350

17100.4

Estimated AP

Functions Pie Chart 16%

10%

8% Administration Exhibition Center

Estimated

37%

Achieved AP

29%

9%

10%

Convention + Performance Art center Retail

Administration

13%

D D.1 D.2

Main Kitchen Storage

ading/Unloading Bay

RETAIL Retail Outlets Hospitality TOTAL OF D Circulation and Structure (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF D

Exhibition Center

900 1650 2550

750 300 1050

1020

420

3570

1470

Achieved

Convention + Performance

14% 54%

Art center Retail

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E

SITE SERVICES

A

Administration

CODE

A.1 A.1.1

FUNCTIONS

ADMINISTRATION Administration and personnel

No , o f required units

S P A CE S

Director Administration Visitors' Room (2) Administrative Assistants Secretarial Support

Occupancy

USERS ( ST A F F )

8 -

1 10 10

12

1 -

12 50

1 5 -

12 -

1 4 8

-

10 10 5 5 40 4

12 -

1 1 20 137

-

20 50

Sub-Total A.1.2

Publicity and Public Relations

Public Relations Officer Visitors' Room (3)

A.1.3

Audit and Accounts

Accounts Officer Visitors' Room (3) Accounts Office Cashier's Counter

A.1.4

Maintenance

Maintenance Officer Visitors' Room (3) Maintenance Engineers Supervisors Technicians' Station Mechanical Electrical Building/Plumbing Furniture/Woodwork Janitorial Staff Workshop

Sub-Total

Sub-Total

Sub-Total A.1.5

Security

A.2

ADMINISTRATION CATERING

Chief Security Officer Security Officer (Shift) Day Shift Staff Night Shift Staff Sub-Total SUB-TOTAL Executive Cafeteria Lunch Room/Lounge (Staff) SUB-TOTAL TOTAL OF A Circulation and Structure (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF A

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

ESTIMATED B UILT-UP AREA (SQM)

20 20 105 145 15 30 45 15 30 30 50 125 15 30 80

80

15 200 420 15 15 30 120 180 915 60 100 160 1075 430 1 5 05

| 66

B

EXH I B I T I O N C E N T R E

CODE B.1

FUNCTIONS ADMINISTRATION

S P A CE S Administrative Office Technician's Office Press Facilities

U SE R S (VISITORS)

USERS ( ST A F F )

-

5 5 -

SUB-TOTAL B.2

B.3 B.3.1

EXHIBITION SPACES Exhibition

Foyer Main Halls (3) Ticketing Organisers Office Catering Office Catering Storage Parking (trolleys) Storage/Equipment Storage Loading/ Unloading Dock (20x5) SUB-TOTAL

APD 3

Seminar

3+1

1 1

Convention Room (4) Store Room Green Room Toilets Control Room

2 4 3U 2

750

20

-

-

100

2

20M+20F

2 2 Ma l e WC Urinals WB F emale WC WB

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

B.4 B.4.1

BACK OF THE HOUSE Receipt/ Dispatch

Receiving Office Receiving Store

50 50 2000

11 80 11 2000 42 15 -

750 1500 50 200 70 100 2670 800 50 240 100 1190 3860 150 150 -

Sub-Total SUB-TOTAL Changing rooms (Male) Changing rooms (Female)

200 320

136 140 44 TBA 400 7720

Sub-Total B.3.2

120

1000 6000

3000

8 4 4

CONVENTION + PERFORMANCE Multi-purpose Hall (Plenary Hall) Pre-Function Area + Reception Main Hall Cloakroom Lobby and Lounge Toilets Storage

ESTIMATED B UILT-UP AREA (SQM)

3 -

15 100

| 67

WB F emale WC WB B.4 B.4.1

BACK OF THE HOUSE Receipt/ Dispatch

B.4.2

Main Kitchen/ Catering

11

-

2000 42 15

Receiving Office Receiving Store Parking (Trolleys) Loading/ Unloading Dock Store

-

3 -

-

50

-

-

U SE R S (VISITORS)

U SE R S ( ST A F F )

-

-

300 300

40 10

270 300 300 870 500 1000

-

10

150

Sub-Total Main Preparation Bakery and Confectionery Washing Area Dry Food Storage Cold Food Storage Chef's Office Sub-Total B.4.3

Storage

Store (3) Store Sub-Total SUB-TOTAL TOTAL OF B Circulation, Structure, Toilets (40%) Outdoor Exhibition Space GRAND TOTAL OF B

D

CODE

RETAIL (Shared with Bridge)

FUNCTIONS

D.1

RETAIL OUTLETS

D.2

HOSPITALITY

E CODE

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

E.1

15 100 10 60 50 235 200 60 60 30 30 15 395 150 100 250 880 1 27 8 0 2024 4000 14804

S P A CE S Large Shops (6) Medium Shops (10) Small Shops (20) SUB-TOTAL Restaurant for 75 people (2) Food Court Small Coffee shops, Ice-cream parlours, bakeries, takeaways (10) SUB-TOTAL TOTAL OF D Circulation and Structure (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF D

ESTIMATED B UILT-UP AREA (SQM)

1650 25 2 0 1008 3528

SITE SERVICES FUNCTIONS SITE ENTRY AND PARKING

S P A CE S Gatehouse

No.

Specs

USERS (STAFF)

-

6

ESTIMATED B UILT-UP AREA (SQM) 30

| 68

C

Arts Center

C OD E C.1

Visual arts gallery ENTRY AND VISITORS' WAITING

USERS ( ST A F F )

20 -

1 1 -

75 15 35

10 50 75 200

1 1

20 20 20

10

60

6 6 -

300 600 1000 900

-

1 4 -

-

2

-

-

15 30 100 10 20 175 20 20 150 150 345

Laboratories

-

8

200

Office Store

-

4 -

20 20 240

30 25

1 1

180 200 380 1865 746 2611

S P A CE S

Foyer Reception/Enquiry Toilets

SUB-TOTAL

RESEARCH AND ADMINISTRATION Director Visitors' Room Curators room Administrative Office Secretarial Support Indoor Display Permanent Exhibition Space Gallery/ Temporary Exhibition Outdoor Temporary Exhibition Sub-Total C.2 C.2.1

PREPARATION Receipt/ Dispatch

C.2.2

Security

Office Store Workshop Parking (Trolleys) Loading/ Unloading Dock Sub-Total Security Room Sub-Total

C.2.3

Storage

Store (3) Sub-Total SUB-TOTAL

C.3

CONSERVATION LABORATORIES

SUB-TOTAL C.4

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Workshops

E ST I M A TE D B UILT-UP AREA (SQM)

U SE R S (VISITORS)

FUNCTIONS

Art Studio Multi Arts Studio (Co working space) SUB-TOTAL T OT A L O F C Circulation and Structure (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF C

2 1

| 69

Circulation and Structure (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF D

E C OD E

1008 3528

SITE SERVICES FUNCTIONS

E.1

SITE ENTRY AND PARKING

E.3 E.3.1

BUILDING SERVICES HVAC

E.3.2

Electric Supply

S P A CE S

No .

Gatehouse Surface Parking Basement Parking

Sp e c s

U SE R S ( ST A F F )

TBA 410 Cars

6 8 10

-

8 -

-

2

-

1

E S T I M A TE D B UILT-UP AREA ( S Q M) 30 12,000 12030

SUB-TOTAL Plant Room Cooling Tower

2

TBA 0 TBA 0 TBA

Sub-Total Electric Substation Sub-Total E.3.3

Water Supply

Pumping Room

2

W a t er T a n k s Raw Water Tank Domestic Water Tank STP Recycled Water Fire tank Soft Water Rainwater

UG Overhead 104.64 cum.

33.88 cum.

19.64 cum.

95.42 cum.

19.63 cum.

2 x 100 cum. 2 x 10 cum.

7.81 cum.

4.24 cum.

10.14 cum.

-

-

-

-

-

Sub-Total E.3.4

Garbage Disposal

0

Garbage Disposal

Sub-Total SUB-TOTAL

0 0 12030 4812 1 6 84 2

T O TA L O F H Circulation and Structure (40%) GRAND TOTAL OF H B ri d g e

B ri d g e Span: 300m Exhibition spaces Retail Seating and landscape Cycling tracks Play areas Exercise facilities Boating Facilities Seating and landscaping+Shaded seating OAT Art Gallery

Width: 15m

-

GRAND TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA Achieved (Including Facilities on the Bridge)

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

2 2 44 8

| 70

3.5: Organizational Diagram

Entry

Entry

Ticketing

Reception

Foyer

Foyer

Organisers Office

Seminar Rooms

Meeting Room

Food Court

Exhibition Hall Loading/Unloading Bay

Plenary Hall Catering

Storage

Toilets

Main Kitchen Storage

Changing Rooms

Loading/Unloading Bay

Outdoor Exhibition

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 71

3.5.1 Exhibition Center

Seminar + Workshops

Pedestrian bridge

Retail

Admin

Outdoor Exhibition Foyer

Hall 1

Foyer

Hall 1

Hall 2

Hall 2

Audi

Food Court

Art Gallery

Riverfront Activity Zone Ancillary Functions + Services

Ancillary Functions + Services

Drop-off

Drop-off

Weekly Market

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 72

Weekly Market

3.5.2. Bridge

Central Plaza (Food Court)

Boating

LP

Exhibition Hall

Art Gallery

OAT Viewing Deck Cafe

Cycling Tracks

Cinema + Picnic + Exercise

Retail

LP

Flower Park

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 73

Chapter 4 Site Study

Sabarmati Riverfront, Old City, Ahmedabad 23.016175, 72.577582

4.1 Introduction to the site 4.2 Site and context images 4.3 Site analysis 4.4 Activity mapping 4.5 Climate data and analysis 4.6 Inferences and Conclusions

4.1 Introduction to the site Proposed by: Sabarmati Riverfront Development Corporation Limited (SRFDCL) Location: Near Sabarmati Riverfront Walkway E, Old City, Ahmedabad Site Area: 4.57 Ha + Pedestrian bridge (290m) Seismic zone: Zone III River flooding Years: 2006, 2011, 2015, 2017 Max Water lvl rise: 2.4m

Site Norms Set-backs: From Road= 12m Others = 6m Parking: 50% of total utilized FSI

Land Use Zone: KZ + SPD2 Permissible F.A.R: 1.8 Permissible GC: 50% Proposed GC (SRFDCL): 24,600m2 Permissible height: 25m EXHIBITION HALLS

SPORTS + PERFORMANCES

Trade Fair

PLENARY GALLERY HALL

Conventions

FOYER

Sports Facilities

OUTDOOR EXHIBITION

Performances

Gallery

Seminar + Workshops

Retail

Retail Admin

Food Court

ANCILLARY + SERVICE

Theatre

Leisure

| 75

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21 Children

Eateries

Adolescents

Adults and Professionals

Families

Elderly

Tourists

4.1.1 Site drawings

Site Plan

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 76

Event Center, Riverfront Flower Park, (±0m) Lower Promenade (-6m)

Access Road (±0m)

Proposed Bridge: 300m

Ravivari Market (-4m)

Lower Promenade (-6m)

Site (±0m)

Context Section

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 77

4.1.2 The Context Towards the east the site is separated from the dense urban fabric which lies beyond the fort wall. On the west a relatively coarser grain of urban fabric is observed due to the presence of various public and institutional structures along-with residences which came up later as the city started expanding from east side to the west side.

Multi-level Carpark

Lower Promenade

Riverfront Flowerpark

Future Developent Car Park

Event Center

Access Road Gujri Bazaar Site

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Fort Wall: Old City

| 78

se dU

e Mix

w e N

y t i C

Fort Wall: Old City Continuous Wall having only one opening towards the riverfront.

m

m

ev el

-6

00

0m

m

0m ±0

-7 50 0

L.

m

P. L

Le ve l

The only opening in the fort wall towards the riverfront which connects old city to the river.

W at er

)

ID l (N

m 00 m m 00 -4 0

Le ve l

Le ve l

-4

Site

Le ve l

±0 0

m

m

na

itio

titu Ins

Raikhad Darwaza

0m

Le ve l

Le ve l

±0

0m

m

o +C ial se t n e U sid d Re Mixe +

l

a rci

e mm

Divides the city in two lacks connectivity.

Sabarmati River

Old

y t i C l+

ntia

e sid Re

ed Mix

Use

N

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 79

4

4.2 Site and context Images

Site Images

Sabarmati Riverfront Walkway E, Old City, Ahmedabad 23.016175, 72.577582

5 6

9 8

2 7

3

1

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 80

1

2 Site

3 Access road

4 Site Riverfront Edge

5 Towards the Site

6 Towards the flower park

7 Walkway E

8 Service Road

9 Riverfront Market

Site Riverfront Edge

SITE

MARKET

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 81

2

4

Context Images

5

7

Sabarmati Riverfront Walkway E, Old City, Ahmedabad

6

3

23.016175, 72.577582 1

9

8

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 82

2 Riverfront West Side

3 Event Center

4 Riverfront Market

5 Riverfront Market

6

7 Towards Site

8

9

1

Multilevel Car Park

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 83

4.3. Context

ELLIS BRIDGE

8 4

7

6

10

NEW CITY

OLD CITY

4

Map 1: Localities in Ahmedabad

5

9

2

SARD AR BRID GE

1

4

3

1. NID 2. Rabindra Bhawan 3. Paldi Sports Complex 4. Future Development

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

5. Event Center 6. Multi-level Car Parking 7. Flower Park 8. SVP Hospital

9. Sanskar Kendra 10. Gujri Bazaar

Institutions Public facilities Metro

Public Infrastructure

Source: Prepared at CUE.

In 1870, Ahmedabad attained the status of municipality. As the city witnessed unprecedented population growth in 1921 and 1931, the municipality formulated four Town Planning schemes (TPS)9 in accordance with the Bombay Town Planning Act 1915. One of them, the Ellis bridge development scheme, located on the western side of the Sabarmati, opened up a new phase of urban expansion in the form of cooperative housing societies. The first housing

High Density development 13

Bus Stop

| 84

Traffic

Access

Fast

Slow

Main Road Promenade

The riverfront roads rarely have traffic congestion. Most of the slow traffic happens on the second layer of road network throughout the city.

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Riverfront Road

Land Use

Arterial + Local

Main access to promenade

Secondary access to promenade

The riverfront roads lacks public transportation.

No buses or auto rickshaws allowed and they feed into the riverfront perpendicularly. Mostly cabs and private vehicles are present because of which access to the riverfront is limited to primary nodes.

Residential

Public

Core-walled

Saleable

Industrial

Most of the land-use along the riverfront is meant for public purposes which include but are not limited to parks, sports facilities, recreation facilities, exhibition and cultural centers etc.

| 85

riverbank. as well when the night approaches. The riverfront is closed around 10 pm and thus there is no Table Predominant User Groups, entry the lower promenade while theWeekdays upper promenade is lined withforcouples.

On theto3:weekdays, in general, individuals or groups use these spaces daily exercises in the Eastern side Western Side mornings and evening. The later part of the day on weekdays, youth in groups were found to Table User Groups, D out’.

F isWeekdays G B E in the afternoon F Hand be what3:isPredominant calledC ‘hanging This gradually replaced

by Dthe couples Morning Eastern side takes over as the evening sets Western Sideare more couples the daily visitors and family crowd in. There Afternoon D F The riverfront G D E and thus F there is H no as well when theC night approaches. is Bclosed around 10 pm Evening Morning entry to the lower promenade while the upper promenade is lined with couples.

4.4. Activity Mapping Majority stretches that were unused on the weekdays are used on the weekends. The nights continue to be less used even in the weekends. If at all the lower promenades are used then the people are found clustered around the activity nodes like the eating kiosks and the boating station. Many stretches on the riverfront that have sport facility are the most populated spaces in the mornings during weekends. Similarly the garden and the lower promenade are more populated during the evenings. The stretches ‘F’ and ‘G’ are not used even on the weekends because they do not have any activities at the time when this survey was done.

Majority of stretches are unused in the nighttimes and many of slots. Majority stretches that were unused on theafternoon. weekdays are used the weekends.

The them also remain unused in the It isonalso important stretches in the afternoons are also comparatively more used than that on weekdays. The nights to noteto that lower in few most times ‘lessside used’ continue be less the used even in thepromenade weekends. There are stretches on theiswestern like the ‘E’the Vallabhsadan and ‘H’ near the Ambedkar Bridge that are very active even in the even on the stretches that are under the ‘used’ category. This nighttimes. It is also important to note that on the weekend too the lower promenade in the ismost mainly to the low availability of physical nodes, parts is due ‘less used’ even on the stretches that are used on the upper activity promenade side.

If at all the lower promenades are used then the people are found clustered around the activity nodes monotonous nature of the lower promenade, and importantly like the eating kiosks and the boating station. Many stretches on the riverfront that have sport perception ofpopulated lack ofspaces safety on account of it not having any facility are the most in the mornings during weekends.

Similarly the garden and the lower promenade are more populated during the evenings.

The stretches ‘F’ and ‘G’ visibility from the upper promenade. are not used even on the weekends because they do not have any activities at the time when this survey was done.

Used/ Unused Spaces Table 2: Used and Unused Spaces in Different Time Slots, Weekends Morning Afternoon Evening Night

B

C

Eastern side D F

G

H

B

D

Western Side E F

G

H

Night Afternoon Evening Weekdays: Predominant User Group Table 3: Predominant User Groups, Weekdays ItNight is interesting how there are more stretches on the eastern side with ‘families’ as the Eastern side Western Side predominant user group (Table 3). This has a great impact on how women experience the space C D F G B D E F H ItMorning is oninteresting how there are more stretches onwestern the eastern side with ‘families’ as that the and their perception of safety.

In contrast, on the side, there are many stretches predominant user group (Table 3).

This has a great impact on how women experience the space have more couples and youths in groups.

On the whole, on most stretches, during the weekdays, Afternoon and onand theircouples perception of safety.

In contrast, on the western youth dominate the riverfront space (Table 3 andside, Mapthere 6). are many stretches that Evening have more couples and youths in groups.

On the whole, on most stretches, during the weekdays, Night

youth 6: and couples dominate the riverfront space (Table and Map 6).

Map Predominant user groups on weekdays on the3 riverfront It is interesting how there are more stretches on the eastern side with ‘families’ as the Map 6: Predominant groups on weekdays the riverfront predominant user groupuser (Table 3). This has a great on impact on how women experience the space and on their perception of safety. In contrast, on the western side, there are many stretches that have more couples and youths in groups. On the whole, on most stretches, during the weekdays, youth and couples dominate the riverfront space (Table 3 and Map 6).

Map 6: Predominant user groups on weekdays on the riverfront Source: Mahadevia D. et al (2016)

Table 4: Predominant User Groups, Weekdays Eastern side

Weekends: UserFGroup Table 4: Predominant Weekdays B Predominant C UserDGroups, G H

B

D

Western Side E F Western Side E F

Morning Eastern side Afternoon B C D F G H B D Evening Morning Night Afternoon Evening Table 4: Predominant User Groups, Weekdays Night 7: Predominant user groups on weekends on the riverfront Map Eastern side Western Side B C D F G H B D E F Morning Afternoon Evening Night

G

H

G

H

G

H

16 Used spaces

Unused spaces Source: Mahadevia D. et al (2016)

The Table 1 shows the ‘completed’ spaces on each side and their use in different time slots.

The orange colour depicts used spaces and the blue colour depicts unused spaces. Majority of stretches are unused in the nighttimes and many of them also remain unused in the afternoon.

This is very common for the stretches towards the south part of the eastern side and the stretches towards the north on the western side. It is also important to note that the lower promenade in most times is ‘less used’ even on the stretches that are under the ‘used’ category. This is mainly due to the low availability of physical activity nodes, monotonous nature of the lower Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21 promenade, and importantly perception of lack of safety on account of it not having any visibility from the upper promenade. Map 4 sums up the used and unused parts of the riverbank during the weekdays. The gender safety study has been done only for the segments which are

16

Source: Mahadevia D. et al (2016)

The user groups composition changes totally during the weekends. In the mornings the sections that have sports facilities are used; men are playing cricket, youth come to the riverfront for skating, cycling, and hanging out, and so on. This continues till afternoon. The afternoon brings 16 in large many young in groups. This situation remains till the evenings when the majority| 86of the users are the families and kids. It is interesting to see how there are more stretches in the ‘families’ category on the western side than that on the eastern side. This is mainly due to more

On the weekdays, in general, individuals or groups use these spaces for daily exercises in the mornings and evening. The later part of the day on weekdays, youth in groups were found to be what is called ‘hanging out’. This is gradually replaced by the couples in the afternoon and the daily visitors and family crowd takes over as the evening sets in. There are more couples as well when the night approaches. The riverfront is closed around 10 pm and thus there is no entry to the lower promenade while the upper promenade is lined with couples.

The user groups composition changes totally during the weekends. In the mornings the sections that have sports facilities are used; youth come to the riverfront for skating, cycling, and hanging out, and so on. This continues till afternoon. The afternoon brings in large many young in groups.

This situation remains till the evenings when the majority of the users are the families and kids. There are more stretches in the ‘families’ category on the western side than that on the eastern side. This is mainly due to more presence of activity nodes on the western side, which are attraction points during the weekends for the families. There is more diversity in user groups on the weekends than in the weekdays. Stretch ‘G’ on the eastern side is the ‘Ravivari’(Sunday) market where one can find hundreds of people shopping throughout the day. But, here due to lack of access, the promenade is hardly used but has great potential.

The upper promenade is less active and often used only by few couples. People agglomerate under the bridge as it is the only shaded space on the entire stretch, is near the food stalls and around the square as they are the most well lit spaces. On the whole, these spaces were more used during the weekends than on the weekdays.

7:3014: toGendered 8:30 AMuse of Pocket 2 (07.30 to 08.30 AM) Map

Map 15: Gendered use of Pocket 2 (02.00 to 03.00 PM)

Source: Mahadevia D. et al (2016)

Major observations from Map 14: Map 15:to Gendered use of Pocket 2 (02.00 to 03.00 PM) 2:00 3:00 PM  This is highly men dominated pocket where they gather in large numbers to play cricket on the upper promenade every morning.  The inner stretch of the square is barely used. Majority women have reported being harassed on this from stretch.

Major observations Map 15  People mostly use the square for deserted walking, and exercise and cycling The upper promenade is mostly often used only by few couples.  The nearby resident and the daily users are gradually replaced by youth and couples on the Fromsquare the early theare residents of nearby neighbourhood use the lower promenade for andmorning, hence there nearly equal number of men and women walking, cycling and exercise. sports as ground usually full space of men,  People agglomerate under The the bridge it is theis only shaded on playing the entirecricket stretch.from about 6 AM onwards even on weekdays. In the mornings, not a single woman is spotted on the upper promenade. two the spots on thewhich lowerispromenade where thebyfood stallsstudents attract of lot Afternoon time theThere spaceare below bridge, shaded, is occupied youth/ ofboth people their couples. morningUpper routine.

The square is usuallyoccupied populated, but the due innerto stretches sex after and also promenade is sparsely primarily lack of shaded areas.ofMany womenarehave reported facing harassment inner stretches in the on both side the bridge generally deserted.

Due to the toward stretch the being poorly lit and less afternoon. women have complained of feeling unsafe, especially on winter populated, mornings.

The Source: Mahadevia D. et al (2016) women who come for walking, jogging or doing exercises come either in groups or with male Major observations from Map 15 6:30 to 7:30 PM Map 16: Gendered use of Pocket (06.30 toand 07.30 PM) company.  The upper promenade is mostly 2deserted often used only by few couples.

“Subah main thoda andhera bhi hota hai winters me....tab to rehta hai dar...mere husband  The nearby resident and the daily users are gradually replaced by youth and couples on the walking me mujse jay toequal main number thodi pareshan ho jati hu!” square and hence aage there nikal are nearly of men and women winters, the placeunder is a the bit bridge dark….that me….if myspace husband goes ahead of me  (“In People agglomerate as it isscares the only shaded on the entire stretch. while walking then it worries me!” ) - A 25 year Muslim Afternoon timeold, the middle-class, space below the bridge,housewife. which is shaded, is occupied by youth/ students of both sex and also couples. Upper promenade is sparsely occupied primarily due to lack of shaded areas. Many women have reported facing harassment toward the inner stretches in the 21 afternoon.

Map 16: Gendered use of Pocket 2 (06.30 to 07.30 PM) Source: Mahadevia D. et al (2016)

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Major observations from Map 16:  In the evening, as in pocket 1, families take over the space in Paldi square. Hence there are nearly same number of women as men. | 87  The upper promenade continues to be less active.  People agglomerate near the food stalls and around the square as they are the most well lit spaces.

4.5. Climate The region Ahmedabad is situated in the banks of River Sabarmati, the most prominent and important city of Gujarat i.e. Ahmedabad experiences a semiarid hot climate. The weather and climate in Ahmedabad is largely influenced by the Arabian Sea. The average temperature of the city ranges in between 12 degrees to 41 degree Celsius. Like most of the other parts in India, the climate in Ahmedabad also revolves round three main important seasons.

Summers in Ahmedabad- Summers enter the city in the month of March and continue till July. The summer months in Ahmedabad are characterized by extreme hot and dry climate. The minimum average temperature is about 23°C while the maximum temperature is 43°C. The highest temperature that has been recorded in the city till date is 47°C. Winters in Ahmedabad- Ahmedabad experiences a very dry climate in the winter months i.e. from November to February. With average temperature of minimum 15°C and maximum 30°C, the Ahmedabad climate is pleasant and comfortable during this time. In January, Cold Northerly winds blow through the region. The lowest temperature that has been recorded in Ahmedabad during the winters is 5°C.

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

| 88

Sun-path

Wind data (March-August) Prominent Wind Direction is from West and South-west during summers.

Prevailing Winds Wind Frequency (Hrs)

Location: Ahmedabad, IND (23.1°, 72.6°) Date: 1st January - 31st December Time: 00:00 - 24:00 © Weather Tool

50 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h

hrs 515+ 463 412 360 309 257 206 154 103 <51

10 km/h

Wind Frequency (Hrs) 50 km/h Prevailing Prevailing Winds Winds 50 km/h

Wind Wind Frequency Frequency (Hrs) (Hrs)

40 km/h 40 km/h Location: Location: Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, INDIND (23.1°, (23.1°, 72.6°) 72.6°) Date: Date: 1st January 1st January - 31st - 31st December December 30 km/h 30 km/h Time: Time: 00:00 00:00 - 24:00 - 24:00 © Weather © Weather ToolTool

20 km/h 20 km/h

50 km/h 50 km/h 40 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h 20 km/h

°C °C 45+ 45+ 40 40 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 <0 <0

50 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 20 km/h

10 km/h 10 km/h

10 km/h 10 km/h

10 km/h

Wind Frequency Wind Frequency (Hrs)(Hrs)

Average Wind Temperatures Average Wind Temperatures

Average Relative Humidity

50 km/h 50 km/h

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

hrs hrs 515+ 515+ 463 463 412 412 360 360 309 309 257 257 206 206 154 154 103 103 <51 <51

40 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 30 km/h

% % 95+ 95+ 85 85 75 75 65 65 55 55 45 45 35 35 25 25

50 km/h 50 km/h 40 km/h 40 km/h 30 km/h 30 km/h

mm mm 1.0+1.0+ 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

% 95+ 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 <5

| 89

Fig. 10. Landsat LST Fig. images Fig. 10.10.

Landsat ofLandsat December_2009 LSTLST images Fig. images 10. of and Landsat of December_2009 December_2009 LST and for of and December_2010 December_2009 Ahmedabad December_2010 study for and for area.

Ahmedabad December_2010 Ahmedabad study study for area.

Ahmedabad Fig. 10.

Landsat LST Fig. images 10.

Landsat ofDecember_2010 December_2009 LSTimages images of and December_2009 December_2010 and for December_2010 Ahmedabad study forarea. area.

Ahmedabadstudy studyarea. area.

4.5.2. Micro-Climate

ble Table 4 44 Table Table Table44 or atistics Statistics different of of LST LST ( C) ( C) on for Statistics season for different different basis. of LST years ( C) on on season for season different basis. basis. years Statistics ofyears LST ( C) Statistics for different ofyears LST years ( C) on for season different basis. yearson onseason seasonbasis. basis.

Acquisition Acquisition date date Acquisition LSTdate Maximum LSTLST Maximum LST LST Minimum LSTLST Minimum LST LST Mean LSTLST –MinLST LST)(Max (Max LSTLST –Min –Min LST) LST) (Max Acquisition date Maximum Acquisition date Maximum Maximum LST Minimum Maximum LST Minimum Minimum LST Mean Minimum LST Mean Mean LST (Max LSTMean Mean LST (Max LST –Min LST) (MaxLST LST–Min –MinLST) LST) May_2009 May_2009 42.49 May_2009 42.49 42.49 May_2009 May_2009 42.49 May_2010 May_2010 43.50 May_2010 43.50 43.50 May_2010 May_2010 43.50 May_2011 May_2011 44.47 May_2011 44.47 44.47 May_2011 May_2011 44.47 December_2009 December_2009 December_2009 34.42 December_2009 34.42 December_2009 34.42 34.42 December_2010 December_2010 36.87 December_2010 36.87 36.87 December_2010 December_2010 36.87 January_2011 January_2011 January_2011 34.72 January_2011 34.72 January_2011 34.72 34.72

26.68 42.49 42.49

26.68 26.68 26.68

36.53 26.68 26.68

36.53 36.53 36.53

15.81

36.53 36.53

15.81 15.81 15.81

15.81 15.81

28.88 43.50 28.88 28.88 39.72 28.88 39.72 39.72 14.62 typical 39.72 14.62 14.62 14.62 43.50 is sandy 28.88 loam 28.88 which 39.72 39.72 14.62 14.62 The soil in Ahmedabad soil shows 26.76 44.47 26.76 26.76 32.15 26.76 32.15 32.15 17.71 32.15 17.71 17.71 17.71 44.47 26.76 26.76 32.15 32.15 17.71 17.71 20.22 34.42 20.22 20.22 27.17 20.22 27.17 27.17 14.20 of 27.17 14.20 14.20 14.20 34.42 20.22 during 20.22 27.17hours 27.17the 14.20 14.20 behavior of quickly22.81 heating up the peak 36.87 22.81 22.81 28.56 22.81 28.56 28.56 14.06 28.56 14.06 14.06 14.06 36.87 22.81 22.81 28.56 28.56 14.06 14.06 18.27 34.72 18.27 18.27 26.55 18.27 26.55 26.55 16.45 26.55 16.45 16.45 16.45 34.72 18.27 18.27 26.55 26.55 16.45 16.45 day, when the sun shines brightly above the horizon and also quickly cools down during the latter part of the day. Sabarmati ble Table 5 55 Table Table Table55 Fig. 11). The rising Fig. Fig. 11). temperature 11).

The The rising rising Fig. beyond temperature 11). temperature The the rising beyond beyond temperature the distance the influenced influenced beyond distance the distance influenced Fig. 11).

The rising Fig. 11). temperature The influenced rising beyond temperature the influenced beyond the distance influenced distance distance River flowing through the city center.

The water acts as amay heat atistics change Statistics of forof LST the LST ( C) years ( C) (change Statistics 2009, (change 2010 forof for the LST and the years ( C) 2011). years 2009, (change 2009, 2010 2010 for the and 2011). years 2011).

2009, 2010 and 2011).

Statistics of LST ( C) Statistics (change of for LST the ( C) years (change 2009, 2010 forand the and years 2011).

2009,on 2010 andEastern 2011). on the side on the (i.e., the Eastern Eastern right side bank) on side (i.e., the may (i.e., Eastern right be right due bank) side bank) to may the (i.e., presence be right be due due bank) toto the may the presence presence be on the Eastern on side the (i.e., Eastern right side bank) (i.e., may right be due bank) to may the presence be due due to to the the presence presence of old walled city of of old comprising old walled walled city of city congested of comprising comprising walled network ofcity of congested comprising of roads, network network comof of of roads, network comcomof old walled city ofold old comprising walled city ofcongested congested comprising network ofcongested congested ofroads, roads, network com- of ofroads, roads,comcominimum Year Year Minimum Minimum Year Maximum Maximum Maximum Mean LST LST LST Maximum Mean Mean LST LST LST Mean LST moderator because of the high latent heat of vaporization YearLST Minimum YearLSTLST LSTLST Minimum Minimum Maximum LSTLST LST Maximum Mean LST LST Mean LST mercial and residential mercial mercial and areas. and residential residential The mercial highly areas. and areas. dense residential The The built-up highly highly areas. dense areas dense The built-up built-up highly dense areas mercial and residential mercial and areas. residential The highly areas. dense The built-up highlyareas dense areas built-up built-up areas areas .45 2009 2009 23.45 23.45 2009 38.45 23.45 38.45 38.45 31.85 38.45 31.85 31.85 31.85 2009 23.45 2009 23.45 38.45 38.45 31.85 31.85 and heat storage capacity as compared to land parts.

The cause an increase cause cause in an the an increase imperviousness increase cause in in the an the imperviousness increase and imperviousness alterations in imperviousness in and the alterations alterations inand in the the alterations cause an increase cause in an the increase imperviousness in the theand imperviousness and alterations and in the alterations in in the the .84 2010 2010 25.84 25.84 2010 40.18 25.84 40.18 40.18 33.01 40.18 33.01 33.01 33.01 2010 25.84 2010 25.84 40.18 40.18 33.01 33.01 .52 2011 2011 22.52 22.52 2011 39.59 22.52 39.59 39.59 31.06 39.59 31.06 31.06 31.06 2011 22.52 2011 22.52 39.59 39.59 31.06morphology, 31.06 urban urban urban i.e., morphology, morphology, the structure urban i.e., i.e., and morphology, the the pattern structure structure of i.e., and roads and the pattern pattern structure and of of roads and roads pattern and and urban morphology, urban i.e., morphology, the structure i.e., and the pattern structure of and roads pattern and of of roads roads and and actual reason behind such behavior is not cleared yet, as it is buildings obstruct buildings buildings the cool obstruct obstruct wind buildings blowing the the cool cool from obstruct wind wind the blowing blowing river. the from from wind the the blowing river. river. buildings obstruct buildings the cool obstruct wind blowing the cool cool from wind the blowing river. from from the the river. river. the left bank,On the On the temperature the left left bank, bank, the On is the influenced temperature the temperature left within isthe is influenced temperature ainfluenced range of within within isisinfluenced ainfluenced range aarange of of within influenced by a variety ofOn factors.

On the left bank, On the the temperature leftbank, bank, the isinfluenced temperature within range of withinaarange rangeof of

1001.61 m–400 m.

The 100 100 average m–400 m–400 m. fall m.

The inThe 100 temperature average average m–400 fall m. fall in near The in temperature the average left bank fall near in near is temperature the the left left bank bank near is isisthe ank. om from the Also, the river the river bank. temperature bank. from Also, the Also, the river falls the temperature bank. temperature by about Also, falls the falls temperature C byby about about 1.61 falls C C by 1.61 C 100 m–400 m.

The 100 average m–400 m. fall The intemperature temperature average fall in near temperature the left bank near theleft leftbank bankisis from the river bank. from the Also, river the bank. temperature Also,1.61 the falls temperature by about 1.61 falls C by about about 1.61 C about 0.78 C (within about about 0.78 300 0.78 C m) C (within and (within about 0.59 300 0.78 C 300 m) (within C m) and (within and 0.59 200 0.59 C 300 m) C (within during m) (within and 0.59 200 m) C m) during (within during up om from tothe the 200 bank m bank and up from up to 1.82 to the 200 C 200 m bank from m and and up the 1.82 to 1.82 bank C 200 C from up m from and to the the 1.82 bank bank C from up toto the bank up to about 0.78 C (within about 0.78 300 C m) (within and 0.59 300 C m) (within and200 0.59 200 C m) (within during 200 200m) m) during during from the bank from up to the 200 bank m and up to 1.82 200 C m from and the 1.82 bank Cup from up to the bank up to the summer the the summer The summer temperature season. the summer The falls temperature temperature about0.55 season. falls C falls from temperature about0.55 about0.55 the Cfalls C from from about0.55 the the 00 inter, 300 mm during over during the winter, winter, 300 entire over study during over the the duration winter, entire entire study over (Table study the duration 6). duration entire (Table study (Table 6). duration 6).

(Table 6). the summer season. theThe summer The temperature season. The The falls temperature about0.55 falls C from about0.55 the C C from from the the 300 m during winter, 300m m during over the winter, entire over study the duration entire study (Table duration 6).season.

(Table 6).season. bank up to 200 bank mand bank and up up 0.75 toto 200 C200 from mbank m and and the up 0.75 0.75 to C up from from m toand the 300 the bank 0.75 m bank during C upup from toto 300 the 300 mbank m during during up he is The low temperature temperature within 200 is The is low mlow temperature ofwithin the within river 200 200 bank isis mlow m of of the within the shows river river 200 bank bank m of the shows shows river bank shows bank up to 200 bank m and upbank 0.75 to C200 200 C from m and the 0.75 bank C up from to the 300 bank m during up to to 300 300m m during during The temperature The is low temperature within 200 low mand of within the river 200 bank mand ofand and the shows river bank and shows winter, over the winter, winter, entire over study over the the duration. winter, entire entire study over The study the undulation duration. duration. entire study seen The undulation undulation in duration.

The seen undulation in in seen ere sharp aasharp onwards. ascent ascent The there there aadrop sharp onwards. onwards. inascent temperature The The there drop drop onwards. in starts in temperature while The starts in starts temperature while while starts while winter, over the winter, entire over study the duration. entireThe study The undulation duration.seen The seen undulation in seen in in sharp ascent there sharp onwards. ascent The there drop onwards. intemperature temperature Thedrop drop in starts temperature while starts while theand Western part the the of Western Western the citypart while part the of of Western the moving the city city from while part while of the moving the moving leftcity bank from from while the the moving left left bank bank from moving 0moving m towards from from 500 the 500 moving mbank m towards towards and from is the 500 the significant bank m bank towards and and within is is the significant significant bank within within isis significant within the Western part the of Western the city part while of the moving city from while the moving left bank from the the left left bank bank moving from 500 moving m towards from 500 the m bank towards and is the significant bank and within significant within may because may of may be be because presence because of may of of the open the be presence because presence spaces of in of of open Western the open presence spaces spaces partinof in Western open Western spaces part part in 00 the 100 m–300 river m–300 bank. mm of of the Hence, 100 the river m–300 river effective bank. bank. m Hence, the Hence, river effective is effective bank. promiHence, cooling is effective is promipromicooling isisthe promimay be because may of the be because presence of of the open presence spaces of in open Western spaces part in Western Western part part 100 m–300 m of 100 the m–300 river bank. m of ofcooling the Hence, river effective bank.cooling Hence, cooling effective isbe promicooling promiofm the citythe in bank the of of form the the city of city parks, in in the the of gardens form form the city of parks, and parks, in the gardens gardens form ground of and parks, and which open open gardens ground ground and which which open ent m nent extends within within 300 up300 to m nent m 500 extends extends within m from up300 up to the to m 500 500 extends mm from approxifrom up the to the bank 500 bank approxifrom approxiapproxiof the city in the of form theof city of parks, inopen the gardens form of parks, and open gardens ground and which open ground ground which which nent within 300 nent m extends within 300 up to mbank 500 extends m from up to the 500 bank m from approxithe bank approxicompensate the compensate rise compensate in temperature. the rise compensate rise in in temperature. the mately, his mately, nobeyond cooling beyond this is mately, this observed nono cooling beyond cooling dueisthis to is observed observed no cooling due (see due to isisto the observed the river river (see due (see to the river (see compensate the compensate rise in temperature. temperature. the rise rise in in temperature. temperature. mately, beyond mately, this no beyond cooling this is the observed noriver cooling due to observed the river due (see to the river (seethe

On the right bank of the river, i.e., towards the Eastern part of the city an average dip of about 1.56 C and 1.59 C has been observed during summer within 200 m and 300 m. Also, the temperature falls by about 1.61 C from the bank up to 200 m and 1.82 C from the bank up to 300 m during winter.

ble Table 6 66 Table Table Table66 atistics hange Statistics near of of LST LST ( C) River ( C) change Statistics change Banks near of near of Sabarmati the LST the River ( C) River change Banks River Banks for of near of Sabarmati the the years River 2009, River Banks River 2010 forfor of the Sabarmati the years 2011. years 2009, 2009, River 2010 2010 for the and 2011. years 2011.

2009, Statistics ofthe LST ( C) Statistics change near of LST the ( C) River change Banks near ofSabarmati Sabarmati the River Banks River for ofand Sabarmati the years 2009, River 2010 forand the and years 2011.

2009,2010 2010and and2011.

2011.

Summer Summer Summer

Winter Winter Winter

Distance Summer from LeftDistance Riverbank Distance from from Left Left Riverbank Distance Riverbank from Temperature Riverbank ( C) Temperature yearly drop drop ( C) Temperature ( C) yearly yearly Summer Distance from Left Distance Riverbank fromLeft Left Riverbank dropTemperature Temperature drop Temperature ( C) yearly drop drop( C) ( C)yearly yearly 2009 2010 2009 2009 2010 2009 2010 2011 2009 2009 2010 Within 200 m 0.84 0.70 Within 200 m Within 200 m Within 200 m 0.84 0.84 0.70 0.84 0.70 0.25 Within 200 m Within 200 m 0.84 0.84 0.70 Within 300 mm 0.92 1.12 Within 300 m Within 300 Within 0.92 0.92 1.12 0.92 1.12 0.32 Within 300 m Within300 300m m 0.92 0.92 1.12 Distance from Right Riverbank ( C) yearly Distance from Right Distance Riverbank from Right Distance Riverbank from Temperature Riverbank ( C) Temperature yearly drop drop Temperature ( C) yearly Distance from Right Distance Riverbank fromRight Right RiverbankdropTemperature Temperature drop Temperature ( C) yearly drop drop( C) ( C)yearly yearly 2009 2010 2009 2009 2010 2009 2010 2011 2009 2009 2010 Within 200 mm 1.65 2.06 Within 200 m Within 200 Within 1.65 1.65 2.06 1.65 2.06 0.98 Within 200 m Within200 200m m 1.65 1.65 2.06 Within 300 mm 1.80 2.17 Within 300 m Within 300 Within 1.80 1.80 2.17 1.80 2.17 0.80 Within 300 m Within300 300m m 1.80 1.80 2.17 from Left Riverbank ( C) yearly Distance from LeftDistance Riverbank Distance from Left Distance Riverbank from Temperature Riverbank ( C) Temperature yearly drop drop Temperature ( C) yearly Distance from Left Distance Riverbank fromLeft Left Riverbank dropTemperature Temperature drop Temperature ( C) yearly drop drop( C) ( C)yearly yearly 2009 2010 2009 2009 2010 2009 2010 2011 2009 2009 2010 Winter Within 0.56 Within 200 mm 0.56 0.59 Within 200 m Within 200 0.56 0.56 0.59 0.59 0.50 Winter Within 200 m Within200 200m m 0.56 0.56 0.59 Within 0.86 Within 300 mm 0.86 0.79 Within 300 m Within 300 0.86 0.86 0.79 0.79 0.60 Within 300 m Within300 300m m 0.86 0.86 0.79 Distance from Right Riverbank ( C) yearly Distance from Riverbank Temperature Distance from Right Distance Riverbank from Right Riverbank Temperature ( C) Temperature yearly drop drop ( C) yearly Distance from Right Distance Riverbank fromRight Right RiverbankdropTemperature Temperature drop Temperature ( C) yearly drop drop( C) ( C)yearly yearly 2009 2010 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2009 2009 2010 Within 200 mm 1.12 2.04 Within 1.12 Within 200 m Within 200 1.12 1.12 2.04 2.04 1.67 Within 200 m Within200 200m m 1.12 1.12 2.04 Within 300 mm 1.69 2.02 Within 1.69 Within 300 m Within 300 1.69 1.69 2.02 2.02 1.73 Within 300 m Within300 300m m 1.69 1.69 2.02

2010 2010 0.70 0.70 1.12 1.12

2011 2011 2011 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.32 0.32 0.32

2011 2011 0.25 0.25 0.32 0.32

2010 2010 2.06 2.06 2.17 2.17

2011 2011 2011 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.80 0.80 0.80

2011 2011 0.98 0.98 0.80 0.80

2010 2010 0.59 0.59 0.79 0.79

2011 2011 2011 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.60

2011 2011 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60

2010 2010 2.04 2.04 2.02 2.02

2011 2011 2011 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.73 1.73 1.73

2011 2011 1.67 1.67 1.73 1.73

Source: (Gupta N. Et al, 2019)

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Visibility The design has great visibility from the riverfront flower park, the promenade and two major bridges namely Sardar and Ellis bridge. Whereas it stays hidden from the majority of development on east side due to presence of fort wall. Also, there is a very weak physical connection and non existing visual connection between the riverfront promenade and the development of the surroundings.

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Edges The riverfront road on the east is the only vehicular access road leading to the site. The riverfront edge needs to be carefully designed as it is prime visibility and has potential for pedestrian access from and to the riverfront promenade. Where the pedestrian bridge meets the site is a potential activity node.

Chapter 5 Technology 5.1 Structural systems 5.2 Services and sustainability 5.3 Safety 5.4 Other details

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5.1 Structural System Exhibition center: The structural system adopted for the exhibition hall is a composite structure which is majorly a RCC framed construction which incorporates Steel Pratt truss for large span roof of the main halls. The truss is suitable for main exhibition halls having a span varying from 20-50m with column being spaced at a distance of 6m-9m. Therefore, a structural grid of 8.5x8.5m is taken to incorporate the roof and the parking with the main exhibition halls having a clear span of 40m.

Structural Grid: 8500mm x 8500mm Column material: RCC Column Sizes: C1 = 500mm x 500mm; C2 = 1,500mm x 750mm Foyer Columns: Steel circular section with a 250mm dia.

Pratt Truss depth: 3000mm Span: 40000m Top and Bottom Chord size: 300mm x 500mm

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Elevation

Section AA’: Hall

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tion hall is a composite porates Pratt truss tion hall Steel is a composite exhibition hallsPratt having porates trussa tion hall Steel is a composite ce of 6m-9m.

Therefore, exhibition hallsPratt having porates Steel trussa tion hall is a composite he parking with the main ce of 6m-9m.

Therefore, exhibition halls having a porates Steel Pratt truss he parking with the main ce of 6m-9m.

Therefore, exhibition halls having a he parking with the main ce of 6m-9m. Therefore, he parking with the main

UP

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Basement Column Grid DN Fire Escape

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Pratt truss Peripheral Beams Pratt RCC truss Beams Peripheral Beams Pratt RCC truss Beams Peripheral Beams Pratt RCC truss Beams Peripheral Beams RCC Beams

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Skylight: Translucent panels, frosted and low emissivity.

Skylight: Translucent panels, Truss :and Pratt (3m Depth). frosted lowtruss emissivity.

Skylight: Translucent panels, Services tray Truss : Pratt: Lighting, truss (3m cable Depth). frosted and low emissivity. and services.

Skylight: panels, Services : Translucent Lighting, cable tray Truss :and Pratt truss (3m Depth). frosted low: emissivity.

RCC Beam The truss rests on and services. primary RCC beam.

Services cable tray Truss : Pratt: Lighting, truss Depth).

RCC Beam : The(3m truss rests on and services. primary RCC beam.

Services : Lighting, cable tray RCC Beam : The truss rests on and services. primary RCC beam.

Axometric structural assembly Axometric structural assemblyRCC Beam : The truss rests on

Section BB’: Foyer + Hall Section BB’: Foyer + Hall

Axometric structural assembly

Section BB’: Foyer + Hall

Axometric structural assembly

Section BB’: Foyer + Hall

primary RCC beam.

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5.1.2 Structural System The Bridge: The truss was used in the construction of Ellis bridge, which was the first bridge to be built in ahmedabad. Therefore, taking inspiration from that the main bridge structure is also a pratt truss with spaces built within. When used in bridges pratt truss can be used to span as much as 80m-100m depending on the depth of the truss.For the design a span of 60m and a depth of 12m is taken which results in the structure being able to accomodate two levels for different activities.

Structural Grid and material(Pier): RCC at a distance of 60m c/c Width of the structure: 14000mm + 3000mm (Cantilevered walkway) Spacing between vertical member and size: 15000mm c/c; size 500mm x 500mm (BOX) Size of diagonal members: 500mm x 500mm (BOX) Top chord sizes: 500mm x 800mm (BOX) Bottom chord sizes: 500mm x 1000mm (BOX) Floor beam depth: Cellular beam 800mm Depth

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60m

60m

60m

60m

ridge, which was the first rom that, the main bridge ed in bridges pratt truss depth of the truss. For the n the structure being able

c

Conflated Reality: Culture and Exhibition Center

A/2994/2016

Thesis 2021 | X Semester | SPA-Delhi

60m

70m

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5

way)

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Structural Grid: Plan at ±0mm

e 500mm x 500mm (BOX)

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5.2: Services and sustainability General Data As per area program:

As per NBC 2016, Table 3 (Clause 4.3 and 4.4.2.1) Person/m2

Component

Area (m2)

Occupant Load

Area(Exhibition/Convention)

10,500m2

Occupant Load(A)

Area(Food court/restaurant)

1,500m2

With fixed seating (A1)

0.65

Area(Art Gallery)

1,800m2

Without fixed seating (A2)

1.4

Area(Admin + Staff)

1,170m2

Occupant Load(B)

Area(Kitchen)

800m2

Mercantile: Street Floor (B1)

3

Area(Auditorium)

540m2

Mercantile: Upper Floor (B2)

6

User Data Peak Population (Center) = 4,000*

Green area (Center) = 10,000m2

Admin +Staff (Total) = 225*

Water requirement(Green Area) = 6 lpd/m2

Art Gallery (Visitors) = 180

Therefore, Total water requirement = 6,000 lpd

Food Court (Visitors) = 300 * As per the case study of JECC

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5.2.1. Water requirement Table 1 As per NBC 2016 water requirement per person, Table 1 (Clause 4.1.2)

Domestic (lpd) Flushing (lpd)

Total (lpd)

Additional (lpd)

Requirement per person (A)

5

10

15

Visitors

Requirement per person (B)

25

10

35

8* (per m2 of kitchen)

Requirement per person (Staff)

25

20

45

(Staff and admin)

* As per the case study of JECC

Total Water requirement =

[Peak Population(Exhibition/Convention) x Requirement per person (A)] + [Area(Food court/restaurant) x Occupant Load(A1) x Requirement per person (B)] + [Visitors(Art Gallery) x Requirement per person (A)] + [Capacity(Auditorium) x Requirement per person (A)] + [Total(Admin + Staff) x Requirement per person (C)] + Water requirement (Center Greens) + Water requirement (HVAC and DG)

=

[4,000 x 15] + [1,500 x 0.6 x 35] + [180 x 15] + [360 x 15] + [225 x 45)] + [10,000 x 3] + [37,950 + 4,480]

=

1,09,725 + 42,430 lpd

=

152.15 cum.

(1000 L = 1 cum.)

Also, 1.

Domestic Water requirement(Center) = 50.82 cum. and Flushing Water requirement(Center) = 58.91 cum.

2.

Green area (Center) = 10,000m2 and Water requirement(Center) = 3 lpd/m2 * Therefore, Total water requirement for site maintenance = 30,000 lpd or 30 cum.

3.

Water requirement(HVAC and DG) = 37.95 + 4.48cum. * * As per the case study of JECC

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5.2.2. Rain Water Harvesting There is good potential for recovering or harvesting rainwater in exhibition halls to use for flushing toilets and other needs such as maintainence of the greens on site. This involves dedicated water supply to every toilet in the building and external drains separating rain water and re-routing it to a central collection point.

• Roof over which water falls, should be cleaned before the rainfall seasons. A suitable type of first flushing device needs to be installed and initial 10 to 15 minutes of runoff should be diverted for cleaning purposes.

• The water collected from roof top only, should be stored in storage tank for direct use. Whereas the runoff from surface/ground should be preferably be used for recharging ground water aquifers after proper filtration.

• The rain water collected from roof top should pass through suitable type of filter and only then it should be stored in storage tank / used for recharging ground water aquifers.

Figure 28 Average precipitation Ahmedabad (www.weather-and-climate.com)

Rainwater collection potential: Total Roof Area = 15,000 sqm.

Annual Prec.

Water collected = Roof Area x Annual Prec. x Runoff coefficient = 15,000 x 0.751 x 0.9 = 10,140 cum. annually Storage tank

Figure 27 Rainwater harvesting diagram; Source: Pinterest

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

= 751 mm or 0.751m

= 15,000 x 0.01 x 0.9 = 135 cum.

This much saved water can supply the yearly water requirement site green management, but majority of the rainfall falls in the month of July, August and September, therefore, in addition to rainwater harvesting, STP should also be installed to reduce waste generation but also overall fresh water demand.

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5.2.3. Water tanks requirement About 33% of overhead storage to be provided for the total Domestic and flushing water requirement

Fresh Water 62.87 cum.

UG Water tank requirements: Raw Water Tank

=

104.64 cum.

Domestic Water Tank

=

33.88 cum.

STP Recycled Water

=

95.42 cum.

Fire Tank

=

200 cum.

Soft Water Tank

=

7.81 cum.

Rainwater tank

=

135 cum.

Domestic Water 50.82 cum.

90% Sewage

100% Flushing of Toilets

Overhead Water tank requirements: Domestic Water Tank

=

16.94 cum.

Flushing water

=

19.63 cum.

Soft Water

=

4.24 cum.

Fire Tank

=

20 cum.

12.05 cum.

Waste Water 104.64 cum.

STP Capacity 125.57 cum.

95% Recovery

Flushing 58.91 cum.

Treated Water 119.29 cum.

HVAC + DG 42.43 cum.

Green Area 30 cum.

Figure 29 Water storage requirement flow diagram

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5.2.4. Toilet Requirement Occupancy: Considering 50% Males and 50% Females distribution • Peak Population (Center) = 4,000 • Admin +Staff (Total) = 225 • Art Gallery (Visitors) = 180 • Food Court (Visitors) = 450 Table 2 Toilet requirements

Source: NBC 2016

Male

Female

Universal

WC

Urinal

WB

WC

WB

Toilets

Exhibition/ Convention Center Performing arts theater

11

80

11*

42

15*

5

4

8

2

10

4*

1

Art Gallery

1

4

1

2

2*

3

Admin

5

6

5

5

5

8

Food Court

3

9

3

5

5

2

Source: NBC 2016

5.2.5. STP Calculation By proper treatment of waste water is defined as all the water from toilets and urinals, it can be reused for flushing and other purposes. Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater using physical, chemical, and biological processes to produce treated wastewater that is safe enough for release into the environment or used for secondary purposes. A by-product of sewage treatment is a semisolid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge that has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or application to land.

Source: NBC 2016

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Assuming 90% of Domestic and 100% of Flushing Total Sewerage

= =

0.9 x 50.82 + 58.91 cum.

104.64 cum.

STP capacity at 120% for sewage

= =

1.2 x 104.64 cum.

125.57 cum.

Recovery of 95% of sewage = =

0.95 x 125.57 cum.

119.29 cum.

Figure 30

STP schematic flow diagram (Lompart, 2005)

5.2.6. HVAC Plant requirement As a thumb rule, the total BTU requirement = 25 x Area (sq. ft) Also, 12,000 BTU = 1 Ton, therefore, 1 ton of cooling is required for 480 sq. ft or 45 sqm.

Cooling load (Tonnage) = Area x oversizing factor x tonnage factor = 13,400 x 1.2 x 45 = 349.82 ton

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5.2.7. Electrical Load Total Electricity Load = ( Diversity Factor x Total Lighting load) + Air conditioning load

Table 3 Electricity load for Lighting for ECBC buildings

Total Lighting load = [Load for Exhibition Center* + Basement + Art Gallery + Food Preparation Area + Fitness Area + Performing arts+ Admin + Services] x Diversity Factor

Exhibition/ Convention Center

22.5*

= [(10,500 x 22.5) + (12,000 x 3) + (1600 x 16.3 + 200 x 18.3) + (800 x 12.1) + (800 x 13.7) + (550 x 16.3) + (1,500 x 10) + (9200 x 7.7)] x Diversity Factor

Performing arts theater

16.3

Basement

3

= 417.44 x 0.7

Gymnasium/ Sporting Arena

8

= 292.2 KW

Play Area

18.8

Fitness Area

13.70

Now, Electricity load for HVAC = 0.64 KW per RT

Space type *As per JECC case study, Electricity load for Exhibition center = 22.5 KW per sqm.

LPD (W/m2)

7.7

(Approx. May vary depending on the system and chiller specifications)

Restroom

Cooling load (Tonnage) = 349.82 ton

Museum: General

16.3

Total Electricity load for HVAC = 349.82x 0.64 = 223.89 KW

Museum: Restoration

18.3

Office: Open Plan

10

Therefore, Total Electricity demand = 292.2 + 223.89 = 516.1 KW

Electrical and Mechanical

7.1

Food Preparation

12.1

Landscaping

0.5

Power Backup for 100% Demand = 516.1/0.8 = 641 KVA Suggestive DG Set Combination = 4 x 160 KVA

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Pedestrian Walkway

2

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5.2.8. Solar Energy Calculation Solar energy is a great source of renewable energy. For the nature of this project a grid tied solar PV system works the best.

Generated electricity has to be spent in real time. However, it can be temporarily stored as other forms of energy (e.g. chemical energy in batteries). Energy storage typically comes with significant losses.

Winter

Spring/ Autumn

Summer

Optimum tilt angle according to seasons for Ahmedabad

The electric power grid is in many ways also a battery, without the need for maintenance or replacements, and with much better efficiency rates. In other words, more electricity (and more money) goes to waste with conventional battery systems.

Total Roof Area = 15,000 sqm.

Area available for solar panel installation is approx. 60% of the total roof area Area available = 0.6 x 15,000 sqm. = 9000 sqm.

Figure 31 Grid tie solar PV array(Pinterest)

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Sunshine Hrs

= 2760 Hrs per Year

Average a day

= 7.56 Hrs per day

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Annual Electricity demand = 11,30, 260 KWh per year Energy Surplus = -1,84,804 KWh per year Solar panels used with fenestrations and jaali for day lighting as shown in previous drawings helps reduce the overall energy consumption from the city grid.

Shadow Angle Calculation Considering 230W Solar PV of size 1m x 2.4m D = ( sin(a) x L) / tan(b) 5.29m

Where, a = Tilt Angle = Taking 230 as average L = Length of module b = 900 - ø-a ø = Latitude = 23.025

2.4 x 4m

Figure 32 Sunhours Ahmedabad (www.weather-and-climate.com)

D = 1.61m (4 panels stacked) C = Cos(a) x L = 3.68m 5.29m

Roof Area required for a set of 4 Panels Stacked = 2.4 x (1.61+3.68)

2.4 x 4m

= 12.07 sqm.

Solar Panels

Total panel installation possible = (9000x4)/12.07m2 = 2,980 panels

Annual Electricity demand = (516.1 x 0.5 + 516 x 0.25) x 8 x 365

Total Energy Generation = 2980 x 230 / 1000 = 685.4 KW

•

Annual Energy Generation = 18,91,704 KWh per year Standard rate of solar panel installation is approx. Rs. 7 per watt Overall installation cost = Rs 47.98 Lac.

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

= 11,30, 260 KWh per year • •

For renting out all the space occupancy rate for the center is 50% As per Mahatma Mandir exhibition and convention center.

For use of 50% of all the space on leftover days factor of multiplication is 0.25 Usage of the center per day is taken to be 8 hrs.

Energy Surplus = 7,61,444 KWh per year This energy can be directly fed into the grid.

Yearly savings = Rs 66.11 Lac.

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Electrical energy requirement:

HVAC requirement:

Total Electricity demand = 516.1 KW Power Backup for 100% Demand

= 516.1/0.8 = 641 KVA

Considering the climate of ahmedabad the main exhibition halls are air conditioned. The system sucks in fresh cooler air from riverfront side to reduce the load on the centralised chillers and electricity consumption.

= 4 x 160 KVA

Cooling load (Tonnage) = Area x oversizing factor x tonnage factor

Suggestive DG Set Combination

5.2.10. Evaporative Cooling

= 349.82 ton

Solar Energy

Area available

= 4300 sqm.

The sabarmati river acts as a huge heat sink this in addition to Roof Area required a set of 2 Panels the yearly winds whichforflows from the Stacked river towards the banks 12.07 sqm. helps create a micro =climate within the 100m of the river and results in Energy humidification cooling down Daily Generationand = 342.5 KWh per day of air that helps increase the local comfort.

Annual Energy Generation = 9,45,852 KWh per year

The cooling load is further reduced by providing the food court and open spaces as shaded stepped terraces embedded with greens and follies to create comfortable environment which can take advantage of the evapourative cooling and the breeze of sabarmati.

Therefore, down =the landscape towards the river Annual stepping Electricity demand 11,30, 260 KWh per year and taking the food court down helps create a comfortable Energy Surplus = -1,84,804 KWh per year environment without the need for cooling.

Solar panels used with fenestrations and jaali for day lighting as

Also wind catchers can be incorporated to take in this natural shown in previous drawings helps reduce the overall energy preconditioned tothe HVAC system to reduce the load. consumption air from city grid.

Services

5.29m 2.4 x 4m Area Available for services (Overfead Water tanks, cooling tower etc)

Figure 33 Evaporative cooling (Pinterest) Services Solar Panels

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1 Security Check + Hall Access

Access to halls

Fire escape

3 Kitchen 4 Electrical Services

5 Pump room 6 Water Tanks

Kitchen 7 STP 8 HVAC

11 Staff 16 Fan room | 107

5.3. Safety 5.3.1 General The development falls under Category D, Sub-division D5 of Assembly buildings and hence, must follow the fire safety norms as per NBC. 1. Occupant Load = 1.4 persons/m2 2. Compartment area = 2,000m2 • In case of assembly buildings (Group D) , exit door shall not open immediately upon a flight of stair and all such entries to the stair shall be through a landing, so that such doors do not impede movement of people descending from a higher floor when fully opened. Access to exit staircase shall be through a fire door of a minimum 120 min fire resistance and minimum exit width for doorway should be 2m. A minimum width of tread without nosing shall be minimum 300 mm and riser height of maximum 150mm for assembly buildings. The minimum staircase width is 2m. For staircases in case of assembly buildings, 10mm width per person should be provided. The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and under the staircase shall be 2.2 m.

• Fire and Life Safety Proper notification systems, lighting, and signage are required to facilitate safe and speedy evacuations during an emergency in the Auditorium spaces.

• Fire Escape staircases have to be provided within every 45m (with sprinklers).

• Overhead (20 cum.) and underground (200 cum.) fire water tank capacity should be provided.

• Use of Sprinkler systems, Fire rated materials and pressurization of all fire staircases.

• FHC dimensions: 1200 mm X 750 mm.

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5.4.1.Universal Accessibilty 5.4.1.1 Parking (source: NBC-2016)

5.4.1.2 Ramps (source: NBC-2016)

• Accessible parking spaces should be located on the shortest accessible route into a building.

Maximum travel distance of 30m from building entrance.

• Permanent, semi-permanent and portable ramp solutions give people in wheelchairs, with strollers, with canes or any mobility restrictions an easy way to get in and out.

• Reserved parking spaces for vehicles carrying persons with disabilities should be provided, indicated by the universally accepted symbol.

• Parking area should have enough clear space around them so that disabled persons can get into and out of car.

• Ramp should be finished with non-slip material. Minimum width of ramp should be 1800mm with maximum ratio 1:15, the length of the ramp should not exceed 9000mm having double handrail at a height of 800mm and 900mm on both sides extending 300mm. Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the handrail should be 50mm.

• Landings subject to wet conditions shall be designed to prevent accumulation of water.

• A slope of 1:20 is preferred for landscape and for cycling, and at this slope it can be a continuous ramp.

Figure 34 Showing univeral accessible parking space (NBC, 2016)

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Figure 35 Varying slopes of ramp (www.dimensions.com)

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5.4.1.3 Toilets (source: NBC-2016)

5.4.1.4 Internal passageways (source: NBC-2016)

• Toilet seats, bidets, shower seats and bathtub seats are required to be mounted at the same height of the wheelchair seat i.e. between 0.45m and 0.50m above floor level.

• Intensity in use of the corridor shall be a criterion when establishing the minimum width and length of the corridor.

• Accessible toilet room shall have minimum internal dimensions of 1,700 mm × 2,200 mm.

• If existing mirrors are too high, they can be tilted or a full-length mirror can be installed on another wall.

• It shall have all fixtures and utilities arranged in a manner to provide a clear space of 900 mm × 1,350 mm for wheelchair users to access them. It provides lateral transfer only from one side.

Figure 36 Showing univeral toilets(NBC, 2016)

• The minimum unobstructed width of corridors shall be 1 500 mm, with a preference for a width of 1 800 mm.

• Where less than 1 800 mm wide, a corridor shall be provided with passing places, 1 800 mm wide and at least 1 800 mm in length at reasonable intervals.

• These dimensions shall be exclusive of handrails and any other projections, for example portable fire extinguishers, notice boards, etc

Figure 37 Passageways and corridors (NBC, 2016)

Chapter 6 Design Determinants 6.1 Inferences from the studies 6.2 Determinants for zoning 6.3 Determinants for circulation 6.4 Determinants for other issues

5.1 Inferences from the studies

S

Strengths

• Surrounded by various activity nodes which can bring a lot of footfall to the site which includes Ravivari market, Riverfront flower park, paldi sports complex, and riverfront promenade.

• Prominent location w.r.t. major hospital, institutions and residential development being in the vicinity.

W

Weakness

• The site has poor physical and visual relationship with both the promenade and the weekly market and acts as a separator between the two.

• The site is too linear w.r.t the program of exhibition halls dimensions requirement of which along with setback leaves very less room to accommodate services, site circulation and landscaping.

O

Opportunities

• The nearby facilities which include the event center, riverfront flowerpark, Gujri bazaar and the exhibition center component of the project provides a huge footfall for the consumptiion of activities and the public space generated through the project.

• Absence of any other pedestrian friendly bridges connecting the two sides of promenade, makes it one of a kind destination not only for locals but also tourists.

T

Threats

• Lack of accessibility and poor relationship between the nearby activity nodes and site.

• Seasonal flooding limits development of activity generators on the lower promenade.

• The site has weak connectivity in terms of public transport.

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Ideal Hall Configurations

Programming of the bridge 300m

Retail Green Spaces Food Outlets Exhibition Center

9m Clear

Connected Foyer: Allows for views on one side, halls spaces are more flexible for space allocation and provides all weather access.

9m clear span is the minimum requirement which is followed by most of air conditioned facilities to reduce the overall volume of the space and also accomodate indoor play activities.

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

The main aim is to give back the riverfront to the city. To do this The exhibition halls should be clustered so that a consolidate green can be provided where the bridge makes landfall. Now for mutual visibility retail and food outlets should be on one side keeping the activity area open towards the edge visible from exhibition center.

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Visibility The design has great visibility from the riverfront flower park, the promenade and two major bridges namely Sardar and Ellis bridge. Whereas it stays hidden from the majority of development on east side due to presence of fort wall. Also, there is a very weak physical connection and non existing visual connection between the riverfront promenade and the development of the surroundings.

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

Edges The riverfront road on the east is the only vehicular access road leading to the site. The riverfront edge needs to be carefully designed as it is prime visibility and has potential for pedestrian access from and to the riverfront promenade. Where the pedestrian bridge meets the site is a potential activity node.

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Multi level Car Park Event Center

Zoning Diagram

Flower Park

Retail

Play

Sabarmati River

ge

d Bri

Outdoor Exhibition Foyer

Foyer Food Court

Gallery

Exhibition Center Service

Exhibition Center

Convention

Food

Visitors Service Drop Off

Access Road Weekly Market Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

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Determinants 6.2. Determinants for zoning

6.3. Determinants for circulation

Zoning was done as to segragrate the busy exhibition center from the public greens and bridge such that they can exist in harmony together instead of restricting each others activity. The major built on the plot was collected together such that a bigger public greens can be developed which can open up to the river.

The circulation for the movement across the riverfront is designed as such to link various zones of activity nearby such that all the facilities become connected.

These include the Exhibition center (part of thesis), Ravivaari market, event center, Flower park and the lower promenade walkway.

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6.4 Other Determinants 6.4.1. Massing and bridge orientation

6.4.2. Edge conditions

The bridge is oriented such that it steers clear of the main massing instead of merging such there is a mutual visibility between the activities happening. The exhibition center massing splits in the center to give view to the river and break the monotont of a long continuous facade.

The bridge links the various activity hubs all around to generate movement along and over the river.

The various edge conditions vary from being public free access to public controlled access. The greens open at road level one side and to the riverfront on the other. The main access and service edge lies along the access road.

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Chapter 7 Concept and Ideation Chapter Outline: This chapter includes the core design visions for the project which guided the entire process of design.

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Design Vision: The guiding principles

Coexistence | Destination | Osmosis

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Coexistence Paving way for the two sides of the river to converge and coexist, such that it becomes a connected whole.

Osmosis Architecture is the vehicle which can generate movement across and promote the flow of people.

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Destination

the bridge as not just a thorough03 Rethinking fare but a destination making it a place for: Pause | Biking | Morning walks | Joy of walking | Celebration | Kite Flying | Riverfront Concerts | Multi Cuisine | Chat Street | First Monsoon

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Chapter 8 Design Development Chapter Outline: This chapter includes the various iterations and design development stages of the project.

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Iterations 08 Design Iterations

Design Development

01

02

03

The Beginning

The Floating bridge

Seg

Pros

Pros

Pro

1.

1.

1.

Halls arranged on either sides with the central plaza connecting to the bridge. The central circulation leads from the plaza and the halls are entered from entries located parallel to the riverfront.

2. Parking accomodated in the plinth, no basement needed.

The idea of halls arranged on either sides with the central plaza connecting to the bridge and no basement is retained.

2.

2. The main road slopes up to create a drop off at Level 1.

3. Loading/Unloading happens at the plinth.

3. Floating type segmented bridge is used at the lower promenade level to create a unique experience.

Cons

Cons

Co

1.

1.

1.

Loading/Unloading for heavier exhibits is a problem.

2. Movement issues involved with taking the users to level 1 for access.

Bridge still appears to be a seperate entity and flooding may damage the components.

3. Bridge appears to be a seperate entity and lacks shaded spaces.

2. The riverfront RCC walls stay, still segregating the lower promenade and the various destinations nearby from public and visitors.

4. The connection between the central plaza and the bridge seems forced having no significance to each other.

3. Lack of open space and safety concerns not addressed.

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2.

3.

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evel

Iterations

Design Development

03 Design Iteration 2

04

05

Segmentation

The one with the curves

The one wh

Pros

Pros

1.

1.

Pros

plaza

08

12

1.

Halls arranged on either sides with the central plaza connecting to the bridge through the art gallery and auditorium.

2. Easy visitor movement at the upper level with food court and parking at the plinth level.

Halls arranged on either sides with the convention hall extending to form the bridge with art gallery being located there. Bridge starts becoming part of the design.

2. The cental plaza turned into poblic green stepping down and opening up to the lower promenade and the reiverfront starts becoming more open and public.

2. The bridg which is ta

Cons

age and

1.

Art gallery restricts entry and exit from the bridge to and from the halls.

The exhib raised up located th

3. The bridg at the low

Cons

Cons

2. Lack of open spaces for exhibition and leisure.

1.

1.

3. Bridge lacks accesibility from exhibition halls and shaded spaces. Its design is devoid of the character of amdavad.

2. Lack of shaded spaces on the bridge.

Structural complications due to curved plan requires more supports for the bridge.

3. Views are hindered and activity space is limited due to the form of the bridge.

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The space columns w

2. It lacks op the food c

tending to form tarts becoming

wn and opening becoming more

the form of the

Conflated Reality: Culture and Exhibition Center

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05

06

The one where the bridge goes under

The Final Iteration

Pros

Pros

1.

1.

The exhibition halls are at the ground level with convention hall being raised up such that it sits on top of the bridge with art gallery being located there.

2. The bridge is a single story structure using pratt truss, inspiration for which is taken from the Ellis Bridge (the first bridge of amdavad).

3. The bridge extends via the underpass connecting to the Ravivari Market at the lower level across the road.

ore supports for

Vaibhav Saini

13

Halls arranged together which helps in easier and secure access to the facility.

2. Food court is provided in the open terrace for huge gatherings and celebrations.

3. Large open space provided and bridge has unrestricted access for all.

4. All the spaces on the bridge are well shaded and protected.

Cons

5. Direct connection from the riverfront market.

1.

6. Gallery present at the upper level providing a level of privacy for the function, with lower level being open to market hustle bustle.

The space below the convention hall has insufficient height and is full of columns which results having an experience of being in a parking.

2. It lacks open green spaces and has issues of access control of the halls, the food court, the public greens and the bridge.

Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

7.

Floating walkway introduced for those seeking adventure leading to the water sport deck.

| 125

Chapter 9 Final Design Chapter Outline: This chapter includes the final design and drawings of the project which were presented to the external jury.

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09

Massing

N

Design Development

Final Design

Multi-lvl Ca Halls

Fragmentation

Volume

Conn Public Greens

01

Figuring out the overall volume and footprint of the project.

Identifying buildable zones.

the halls together to free up 02 Bringing space for a huge public greens and stepping down towards the river.

the deve 03 Connecting sides of the river via a p

carrying functions to li

Clustering built to maximise public access greens.

Exhibition halls - Even level Car park - Riverf Ravivari market - Low both sides

Breaking down the retaining wall for improved visual and physical accessibility.

Underpass introduce weekly market to green bridge.

Identifying maximum volume.

Visualising overall built.

Ravivari Market

Re-iterating the realtionship between the bridge and the exhibition halls lead to an understanding that it is impo

seperate identities as much as that of a collective whole. Therefore, the public green is the link at the ground level w Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

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Thesis 2021 | X Semester | SPA-Delhi

14

Multi-lvl Car Park

tation Anchor Connect Public Greens

e halls together to free up huge public greens and wn towards the river.

Ravivari Market

the developments on two 03 Connecting sides of the river via a pedestrian bridge carrying functions to link the:

ing built to maximise access greens.

Exhibition halls - Event Center - Multi level Car park - Riverfront Flowerpark Ravivari market - Lower promenade on both sides

ng down the retaining r improved visual and al accessibility.

Underpass introduced to connect weekly market to green terraces and the bridge.

the two masses together to 04 Anchoring make a whole. Introducing art gallery at second level of the bridge, away from hustle bustle and noises yet still near all the activity.

the bridge and the exhibition halls lead to an understanding that it is important for both to have their own

a collective whole. Therefore, the public green is the link at the ground level whereas art gallery at the upper.

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| 129

10

Context + Design Diagram

Multi-level Carpark

Event Center

Flower Park Exhibition Hall 3&4

Lvl.0 Bridge Market

Exhibition Hall 1&2 Lvl. 1: Art Gallery

Weekly Market

Water Sports Public Greens

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| 130

Exploded Diagram

k

Exploded Diagram Exploded Diagram

Multi-level Carpark

Ex on

iti

b hi tio bi hi

Ha

Ex

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n

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Vaibhav Saini | Thesis’21

0(

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u Co od

±0

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a

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Retail Green Spaces

Underpass Art Gallery

Food Outlets Exhibition Center

Admin Weekly Market

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11

Context Plan Roof Level

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N

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A/xxxx/xxxx

Thesis 2021 | X Semester | SPA-Delhi

17

| 132

12

Massing

N

Design Development

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Thesis 2021 | X Semester | SPA-Delhi

2. Massing and bridge orientation

3. Edge conditions

The bridge is oriented such that it steers clear of the main massing at road level such that there is a mutual visibility between the activities happening. The exhibition center massing splits in two to give view to the river and break the monotony of a long continuous facade. The bridge links the various activity hubs all around to generate movement along and over the river.

The various edge conditions vary from being free public access to public controlled access. The greens open at road level on one side and to the riverfront on the other. The main access and service edge lies along the access road.

Bridge

1. Zoning The main aim is to give back the riverfront to the city.

To do this the exhibition halls are clustered together so that a consolidated green can be provided where the bridge makes landfall. Now for mutual visibility retail and food outlets should be on one side keeping the activity area open towards the edge visible from exhibition center.

Access Controlled

Unrestricted/public

Service/ Restricted

Lower Promenade

300m

Retail Green Spaces Food Outlets Exhibition Center Halls (+450mm) Road (±00mm) Weekly Market (-4000mm)

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13

Plans

Bridge: Level 0 and 1

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Bridge Sections Schematic + Section + South Elevation

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Underpass

Zoomed-in Dwg. Sheet No. 27, Pg. 46

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Bridge Detail

Cross Sections + Elevation

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0m

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6.25m

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Bridge Walkway

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Bridge

Sectional Diagram

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y Pla

A

y

ller

a rt G

rm

Info

et ark

al M

ail Ret

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Sectional View

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Site Plan Ground Level

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N

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Hall 1 & 2

Ground Floor: Exhibition Hall

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N

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Hall 1&2

N

Ground Floor sports hall

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Hall 3 and 4 Ground level plan

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Section Section A

Cool Air In

(±00mm)

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Conflated Reality: Culture and Exhibition Center

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Road (±00mm)

Lower Promenade (-6000mm)

Section through the Main Hall

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Exhibition Halls : Secondary function sports facility

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Section Section B

Cool Air In

(±00mm)

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Conflated Reality: Culture and Exhibition Center

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Road (±00mm)

Lower Promenade (-6000mm)

Section through the Auditorium

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Hall Detail

Sections + Elevation

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18

Basement Basement 1 Plan

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N

Services

Fire Escape

Core

Food Preperation

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Basement

N

Basement 2 Plan

Services

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Conflated Reality: Culture and Exhibition Center

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30

Fire Escape

Core

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From exhibition center towards the Landscapped Terraces

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Food Court Canopies

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Site Plan Level 1

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25

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Level 1 plan Hall + Gallery

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26

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27

Section

Through Food court

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Art Gallery

Food Court

Road (±00mm)

LP (-6000mm)

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Sections

Site Section + West Elevation

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Site Section

Hall 3&4

Hall 1&2

West Elevation

Hall 1&2 Food Court

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Lower Promenade

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Landscapped Terraces

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Jury Comments and Defense External Juror: How does the project respond to the urban context?

Response: The project helps in connecting the west and the east part of the Sabarmati Riverfront in the proposed area of intervention with a series of programmed spaces and active zones, following the vision of the overall riverfront development that will provide an engaging place hovering above and along the Sabarmati River. The Cultural and Exhibition Centre on the east side connects to the west side through the pedestrian bridge which itself is an extension of the Cultural Centre and becomes a hub of activity. The whole development offers a retreat for residents of both the old and the new city, and a new territory for tourists and visitors to explore. It connects to the east side weekly market via an underpass which is also near to the only Darwaza of the old city in the vicinity. Also, on the west the bridge is at the road level, so visitors can simply walk in.

External Juror: Can you elaborate on the connection between the site and the weekly market?

Response: The site and the bridge connects to the weekly market via an underpass which itself has retail shops to keep the underpass safe and active for use. The underpass was provided to take care of the level difference between the site and the market which is 4m and to ensure safety as the access road to the site lacks red lights as it is an expressway running through the heart of ahmedabad.

External Juror: Though the overall idea and scheme is very nice, I think where the project lacks is the exploration of form in case of the protagonist of the project, i.e. the bridge.

Response: During the design development process various forms and ideas were explored including meandering and floating bridges. The final form was selected as it was felt to most appropriate following a simple form so as not to overpower the riverfront and to meet all the functional and programmatic needs of the project.

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Bibliography Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, 2018. Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project [WWW Document].

Canepa, S., 2017. Living in a Flexible Space. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 245, 052006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052006 Chaillou, S., 2019. Metabolism(S) [WWW Document]. Medium. URL https://medium.com/built-horizons/metabolism-s-spatial-flexibility-inthe-21st-century-d7cef8aaaf84 (accessed 3.21.21).

Gupta, N., Mathew, A., Khandelwal, S., 2018. Analysis of cooling effect of water bodies on land surface temperature in nearby region: A case study of Ahmedabad and Chandigarh cities in India. Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Space Sci. 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2018.03.007 Mahadevia, D., Lathia, S., Banerjee, S., 2016. How Safe are Public Spaces for Women in Ahmedabad. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32364.97921 Paneria, D., Mehta, V., Bhatt, B., 2017. Waterfront Development: A Case Study of Sabarmati Riverfront.

Patel, S., 2016. Public Spaces for All: How “Public” are Public Spaces? Case of Ahmedabad city’s Riverfront Parks. https://doi.org/10.13140/ RG.2.2.28917.99047 Shah, K., 2013. The Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project: Great. But Much Needs to Change [WWW Document].

SRFDCL Master Plan – Sabarmati Riverfront, n.d. URL https://sabarmatiriverfront.com/srfdcl-master-plan/ (accessed 4.3.21).

Studies & Reports – Sabarmati Riverfront, n.d. URL https://sabarmatiriverfront.com/studies-reports/ (accessed 4.3.21).