Integrated Pest Management (IPM) • Utilizes various tactics or control methods (i.e. cultural/mechanical, biological or bio-control, and chemical) in a harmonious and compatible way. • Emphasizes management of pest population rather than the old concept of total eradication. • Keeping pest population low (below Economic Threshold Level).
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Cultural/Mechanical • Sanitation • Synchronized Planting • • • • •
Crop Rotation Fallowing Use of Resistant Varieties Minimum Tillage Proper Fertilization (eg. Nitrogen)
Biological / Bio-control • Knowing the Natural Enemies of the pest • Diadegma and Cotesia for cabbage DBM control • Spiders, Beetles • Trichogramma • Bacillus spp.
Chemical • Need – based approach in the use of pesticides • High risk pests include Diamond Back Moth, Hoppers (BPH, MLH), Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer, Thrips • Continuous use of pesticides of same of mode of action (MoA) leads to development of resistance • Role of Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM)
Why didn’t it work this time?
Benefits of IRM to FARMERS 1. Insecticides FARMERS use today remain EFFECTIVE for their use. 2. FARMERS Save Money No need to increase number or volume of insecticide applications. No need for “cocktail” to control a single pest. 3. FARMERS Get More Production Good pest management / good crop protection / better income. 4. FARMERS Protect their Environment and Land Less active ingredient applied to ecosystem.
How Insecticide Resistance Develops Insecticide Resistance occurs from the continuous use of
insecticides with the same mode of action (MoA) resulting in the selection (ang natitira) of insect populations that are resistant (hindi na tinatablan) to those insecticides.
Insecticide Mode of Action (MoA) A specific Mode of Action will target a specific part/ function of an insect Feeding
Nerve
+ + +
Respiration
Growth / Development/ Molting
+ Excretory
Digestive + Reproduction
+
+
+
Energy/ Muscle
How Insecticide Resistance Develops in a Farm Susceptible
Brand X
Resistant
Same Product / Active Ingredient / MoA
Survivors Reproduce
Survivors Reproduce
Continuous use of the same Mode of Action (MoA) removes the very susceptible individuals leaving a tolerant population that survives the insecticide application.
To Avoid Development of Insecticide Resistance 1. Incorporate IPM practices 2. Follow GAP Principles 3. Know the mode of action (MoA) of insecticide products / brands 4. Rotate Insecticide MoA group / NOT Active Ingredient (AI) / NOT brands
1. Incorporate IPM practices when using chemical insecticides
Identify the Pest Monitor Pest populations Use the right , registered insecticides, only when needed
Use only recommended label dose when using chemical insecticides
Seek expert advise (e.g. Extension workers, industry)
2. Follow Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) Principles USE RECOMMENDED DOSE
Under Dose: Kills most Susceptible but many RS and RR survive
Label Dosage: Optimal Control Small number of RR survive
X X Increasing Dosage
Under Dose
X X
X X X X LABEL DOSE!
3. Know your Pesticide MoA Registered and Commonly Used Pesticides in Vegetables in the Philippines: Chemical Class and MoA MoA Group
Chemical Subgroup
Active ingredient
1
Organophosphates
Profenophos, malathion
2B
Phenyl Pyrazole
Fipronil
3A
Pyrethroids
Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate, Esfenvalerate, Betacypermethrin, alphacypermethrin
4
Neonicotinoids
Thiometoxam, Chlotianidin, Imidacloprid
5
Spinosyns
Spinosad
6
Avermectins
Abamectin
11
Bacillus
Bacillus Thuringiensis (Bt)
12
Diafenthiuron
Diafenthiuron
13
Chlorfenapyr
Chlorfenapyr
14
Nereistoxin analogues
Cartap
22A
Indoxacarb
Indoxacarb
28
Diamides
Flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole
*A handout on specific insecticide BRANDS and their Mode of Action (MoA) is available from the presenter.
4. Rotate by Mode of Action (MoA)
Nursery - Transplanting
Leafy Stage
1st Generation
Head Forming
2nd Generation
Harvest
3rd Generation
Diamond Back Moth Insecticide Application Not recommended
MoA 1
Option 1
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 3
Option 2
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 1
4. Rotate by Mode of Action (MoA)
Do’s and Don’t’s Do not use a single MoA continuously. You may use products of the same MoA within the same insect generation. Use only recommended label dose. Do not under dose. Apply a product with a different MoA for each successive insect pest generation. Do not expose more than 50% of the crop duration to products with the same MoA.
Proposed Insecticide MoA Icon on the Label Product Name
MoA 28
Insecticide Resistance Management ( IRM) Strategy Strategy
Cabbage
Eggplant
Rice
Use of resistant varieties Use of natural enemies/ Bio-Control Crop Hygiene / Cultural Practice
*
Rotation by Mode of Action (MoA)
*Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV), only for cutworms
Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Strategy in Cabbage To ensure susceptible DBM population
Nursery - Transplanting
Leafy Stage
1st Generation
Head Forming
Harvest
2nd Generation
3rd Generation
Diamond Back Moth Insecticide Application (Need – Based) Option 1
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 3
Option 2
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 1
Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Strategy in Eggplant To ensure susceptible Fruit Borer population
Fruiting
Nursery – Transplanting 7
14
21
Vegetative 28
35
42
49
Flowering 56
63
1st Generation
70
77
84
91
2nd Generation
98
105 112 119 126 133 140 147 154 161 168 175
3rd Generation
4th Generation
5th Generation
Fruit / Shoot Borer Insecticide Application (Need – Based) Option 1
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 3
MoA 4
MoA 5
Option 2
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 1
Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) Strategy in Rice
Seedling 0
5
10
Leaf Development 15
20
25
30
35
Tillering 40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Ripening
Flowering
Stem Elongation - Booting 90
95
100
105
110
115
1st Generation
2nd Generation
3rd Generation
Stemborer
35 Days
35 Days
35 Days
Brown Plant Hopper
32 Days
32 Days
32 Days
Green Leaf Hopper
30 Days
Insecticide Application (Need – Based) Option 1
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 3
Option 2
MoA 1
MoA 2
MoA 1
120
To Avoid Development of Insecticide Resistance 1. Incorporate IPM practices 2. Follow GAP Principles 3. Know the mode of action (MoA) of insecticide products / brands 4. Rotate Insecticide MoA group / NOT Active Ingredient (AI) / NOT brands
Maraming salamat po. Daghang salamat. Dios ti agngina. Dios mabalos. Thank you.
Insecticide Resistance Action Committee