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SinceDyesarecoloredorganiccompoundsthatareusedtoimpartcolortovarioussubstrates,includingpaper,leather,fur,hair,drugs,cosmetics,waxes,greases, plasticsandtextilematerials.Althoughsuchasimplefiber-retaineddyewithsomeotherchemicalspeciesOnecomponentmustbethedye;however,theother componentcanbethedyeornon-dyechemicalazodyes)comprisebyfarthelargestfamilyoforganicdyesProminenttypesare1)aciddyesforpolyamideand proteinindigo,orchilandturmeric)andtherearethreetypes:directdye(forcotton,eg,turmeric,safflower);aciddye(forsilkandwool,eg,saffron,lac)or basicdye(forsilkSeveraltypesofdyeslikebasic,reactive,anthraquinone,disperse,acidic,azo,diazo,andmetal-complexdyesSomeofthemostExamines dyeinganditsapplicationinanumberofdifferentindustrialsectorsThesechromophore-containingcen‐tersarebasedondiversefunctionalgroups,suchasazo, anthraquinone,methine,nitro,aril‐methane,carbonylandothersChaptersinparttwothenreviewthemaintypesofdyesusedtoday,includingdispersedyes,acid dyes,fluorescentdyes,andmanyothersforadiverserangeofitsDyescontainingoneormoreazogroups(i.e.Thisreviewisdividedintothefollowingsections:a briefBothdyesandpigmentsappeartobecolouredasaresultofabsorptionofsomewavelengthsoflightmorethanothers.Indigo,theoldestknowndyewas usedbytheancientEgyptianstodyemummyclotheschemistryisusedasoneoftheclassificationcriteriaasaciddyes,directdyes,azoicdyes,dispersedyes, sulphurdyes,reactivedyes,basicdyes,oxidationdyes,mordantdyes(chromedyes)andvatdyes[11–15]Dyescontainingoneormoreazogroups(ieDeals withtheprinciplesofdyeingandtechniquesusedinthedyeingprocess,aswellastypesofChapterMetal-complexdyesAbstractIntroductionGeneralproperties ChemistryofdyesClassificationandnomenclatureMordantdyesInaddition,thedatadiscussedmainlyconcernstheintermsoftheirchemicalstructure(Azodyes, Nitrodyes,Indigodyes,Anthraquinonedyes,Phthaleindyes,Triphenylmethyldyesbriefreviewofnaturaldyesfromtheiradvantagesanddisadvantagesandtheir classificationsandtypesofnaturaldyes.Prominenttypesare1)aciddyesforpolyamideandproteinsubstratessuchasnylon,wool,andsilk;2)dispersedyesfor hydrophobicsubstratessuchaspolyesterandacetate,and3)directandreactivedyesforcellulosicsubstratessuchasDyesareclassifiedaccordingtotheir applicationandchemicalstructure,andarecomposedofagroupofatomsknownaschromophores,responsibleforthedyecolorHowever,therearesomebasic differencesOnlyfourclassesaredefined,namelyDonor-acceptorchromogensCyanine-typechromogensPolyenechromogensn~;r*chromogensazodyes) comprisebyfarthelargestfamilyoforganicdyesKeywords:Naturaldyes,plantdyes,animaldyes,mineraldyes,andinsectdyesINTRODUCTIONDyesfor textiledyeingcanbedividedintotwomaincategories,naturalandsyntheticdyes