Final Portfolio Comprehensive Design 3 399AAD Ryan Ardiansyah Arief SID 8989651 Jan/Apr 2023 Rehabiterary 2100
Digbeth In Motion Past, Present, Future
to the brief of ‘Rehabiterary 2100’ and the site location context. I saw the potential of combining the significance of transport infrastructure development in Birmingham with the idea of preserving the past and visioning the future
Responding
centre supports this. In line with the theme of preservation & vision, the building form combines both old and new within transport infrastructure. The railway industrial arches and the contemporary steel and glass structure
the river, to roam free finding its form and path underneath the building mass.
From the initial concept, inherently designing a transport museum/exhibition is the answer. In addition, the lack of educational/recreational establishments within the city
While the process is primarily about building a big and massive civic & utilitarian style, It still maintains to pay respect for the form of nature which in this case is
The user is transported back in time by going down between the arches on the river streams. They are then transported to the future with simulations and a vision board of the plans and future in transport technology. This project combines the old & new, civic & nature in its harmonious juxtaposition.
The journey starts here.
The railway dates back to 1836 from the first train station built. With 3 main station today, Birmingham is the hub of UKs Railway. Services go throught all parts of UK transporting goods and passengers.
Rehabiterary 2100
The booming of automobile in postwar era is also experienced in the UK. as a result of massive expansion of car Infrastructure, the infamous spaghetti junction is built to connect the city’s road work with the M6.
Despite many plans and schemes laid out by the government, the future of Birmingham transportation network is uncertain. we hope that the HS2 could be realised soon and catching up with the High Speed Technology with the rest of Europe
Network of canals is built from the beginning of Industrial Revolution. with the total lenght of 56k km at its peak, Birmingham was the main hub of the country’s canal network.
During the early 20th century, Air travel is developing with two airports built between 1905 and 1936 which the later became the Birmingham airport today serving seventh largest number of Passenger in the country.
At the moment the City’s council is promoting the more environmentally sustainable means of transport by improving cycling infrastructure and investing in expansion of the tram networks.
Idid some research in the history of the transportation and its infrastructure in Birmingham. The city also played a significant role in the development of transportation network in Britain. From the development of the canal network during the first industrial revolution, to the development of high speed rail.
Birmingham is the hub for canal network during the 18th
This explain the background research on why am I choosing the topic and the importance to the city context.
century. That significance is reflected in todays rail network with Crosscountry, the largest rail operator in Britaiin having their hub in Birmingham New Street which is the busiest railway hub outside London.
From this finding, I confident that a comprehensive transport museum can be proposed in Birmingham.
2
1700s 1800s 1920s 1960s Current Future
Digbeth in Motion Background Research
Scale of The City
Thissite analysis supports the argument made in the previous section. There are an extensive current and historical transport infrastructure within the city centre.
river and waterways around the site could be a good starting point of my design process by incorporating context within my building.
...This explains why it is suitable for Birmingham specifically
3
Synthesis
Road Vehicle Main Routes Waterways Railway Routes Tram Routes Tram Extension Plan Reference Boundary Figure Ground Railway Stations Tram Stops Site Location
Digbeth in Motion City Context Analysis
Synthesis Figure Ground Site Location Museum & Exhibition Transit Nodes
Along
Digbeth in Motion City Centre Analysiswith transportational topic, I also did some research on the availability of recreational/educational establishment within the city centre.
There is a big opportunity in developing another museum with focus on transportation museum. The proximity with the ThinkTank museum could also be a good synergy to create a museum quarter with similar topic in Birmingham city centre.
...This explains why transport museum as the chosen program
4
City Centre Scale Road Vehicle Main Routes Waterways Railway Routes Reference Boundary
In the site specific analysis, I observed the ground levels, adjacent important buildings, traffic, and possible circulation in and out of the site.
This is particularly useful to gain knowledge for when placing the building and landscaping the ground and usage surrounding the building.
5 CarPark Chy DIGBETH DeritendBridge ElSubSta BullRingTradingEstate TCB RiverRea BRADFORDSTREET STONEYARD GREENSTREET REASTREET CHAPELHOUSEST HIGHSTREETDERITEND 41 Works Warehouse 77 Shelter Shelter 2 Shelter Shelter TheIrishCentre Works 224 DigbethCentre South&CityCollegeBirmingham 3 Shelter TheCustardFactory FB 54 44 Works StEugene'sCourt 78a 25to28 Works ESS Shelter Works TheForge 1 72 312to314 PH 34 33 1 276PH DevonshireHouse 1to140 PC CoachStation 225 100 m 100 m 101 m 101 m 101 m 101 m 101 m 101 m 101 m 101 m To city centre Solihull, Coventry The Irish Centre The Custard Factory Complex Birmingham Coach Station South & City Birmingham College Digbeth Centre White Swan Pub St Eugene’s Court
Digbeth in Motion Site Specific Analysis
...This is for consideration and justification of my placement of my massing on the site
Ithen analysed and broke down the building typologies and architectural language within the context of digbeth.
I found that most buildings have pitched or flat roof historically with red brick facade.
The towers/chimneys are pretty significant features in some of the old buildings standing higher above the rest of the structure.
This analysis is helpful to identify and choose the architectural language that would be incorporated in the design stage.
6
Digbeth in Motion Context Massing Analysis
...This explains why I come up with the form and building mass
one
of the natural features of the Digbeth area or the site specific is the River Rea. Despite being natural feature, the character of the River especially the section aong the site is far from natural.
The depth of the wall and rigid and hard border within the surrrounding area creates an inhumane condition making
buildings facing their back away forgetting the significance of the river in the city’s history.
This analysis is very helpful to make decision on giving intervention of the river within the site to include it in the building narrative.
...This explain why I decided to make an intervention of the river
7
Digbeth in Motion River Analysis
Before starting the design of the mass, I tried to transform the river. The current condition of the river is very rigid and hard. This is caused by two factors. First rivers need to hold large volume as rain up stream cause overflow. Second, the developers try to maximise land as much as possible. As a result, shown in the left hand-side of the page is deep and narrow passage that seem unhabitable.
I made decision to widened the basin of the river and made the riverbed shallower. This allow to the water to overflow laterally and gentle slopes on the banks allow public to get closer to the water with a bonus of insidental green space.
This morphology allow stilt foundations. Hence we can increase building footprint without getting in the way of nature.
...This explain how I decided to make an intervention to the river
8
Digbeth in Motion River Intervention
The initial concept is about old and new within transit and also the building typology. I looked at the typology of Tate & the contrast of materiality with apartment building next to it. I also looked at precedent by MVRDV of a shop in Amsterdam.
Initial concept of building on stilts on ‘dry land’ in the middle of the river. I looked at Hasting pier for a typology of a full building sitting on stilts structure.
Iwant to create narrative where big civic/ transit building can exist in harmony with nature
For the interior initial concept and the roof I looked at The Hague central where train cars are sitting on top of each other. While I also looked at curved roof for this large scale of projects of Madrid airport and the proposed HS2 termini design on Curzon Street.
9
Digbeth in Motion Initial Concept
...This explain the process of concept of my main idea
First massing sketches determining the building to be crossing from one side of the river to the other or simply following the river morphology.
sketches
to see the efficacy of big mass or broken down structure. Small structures create unwanted incidental spaces while big structure support the narrative of a civic and utilitarianism of a transport building/ infrastructure.
Next sketches determine the layout of building within the site. While the diagonal orientation allow the entrance to face the busy area, the linear layout follows the urban grain of the neighbourhood. This also avoided incidental corners.
The sketches is the guest journey throughout the building including the floating deck on the river. A faux railway tracks are placed to put the displays and also tell the narrative of the transport museum.
...This explain the process of placing and forming the building mass
10
Digbeth in Motion Massing Process
Chosen
Thenext part in the design proccess is the spatial arrangement of the programs. I took a look at the Metric Handbook to find the guide and option in designing this type of establishment
On the Metric handbook, I also looked at the auxiliary spaces that usually exists within a museum/exhibition buildings.
Chosen
11
Chosen Chosen
Digbeth in Motion Spatial Adjacency Exploration
...This explain the process of activating the spaces within the building mass
Formost of the design process, I stuck with curved roof to connect with transport infrastructure narrative. However, from the massing research of the context pitched roof are what often be found in the area.
I experimented with different pitched roof. I manage to find a solution that I can connect with environmental strategy in terms of natural lighting.
Chosen
Iexperimented with the viewing tower. I looked at precedent of a viewing tower in Bristol as well as taking the context of towers in Digbeth. I also took inspiration from Bauhaus signal box which also embodies utilitarian design.
The simple utilitarian tower is more suited with the narrative. However, I needed to make it wider to accommodate the fire stairs for health and safety purposes.
12
Digbeth in Motion Architectural Language
...This explain the process coming up with the building components
2. Dividing the mass into seprate main spaces.
3. Rearranging the positions to place the auxiliary spaces and also the viewing tower.
5. Putting the building on the site following the urban grain to match with the context.
6. Altering the mass to better match with the context. Also extended the mass to connect with the pub.
...This explain the whole general design process of the building
9. Using the railway arches to match with the historical context and tell better narrative of the concept.
13
1. Placing the rectangular mass crossing the river from one side to another
4. Putting back together the spaces to better tell the narrative.
7. Using curved roof instead of flat for better weight distribution
8. Using pitched roof to better match with the surrounding context.
Digbeth in Motion Massing concept start to end
It is important for the building to have connection with the pub in any ways. I had two approach of how to execute this.
I physically connect the pub with the extended railway arches that is part of the main building base. This extended structure is used as walkways and seating area for the pub during the summer.
I also connect the narrative by giving an extension of the pub with contemporary shell in the same massing shape of the historical building. This follows the concept idea of my main building which combined the old and new elements.
...This explain the connection with the historical context of the site
14
Digbeth in Motion Connection with the
...This explain the technical details of the building
15
Side Elevation
Site Plan
Front Elevation
Digbeth in Motion Technical Drawing
Rendered elevation
...This explain the technical details of the building
16 A A AA Section Ground Floor Lower Ground Floor First Floor 0 5 10 15 20 25 m Digbeth in Motion Technical Drawing
Thediagram above is the final spatial arrangement of the entire site with the landscape on the top left and the spaces inside is on top right.
The diagram below is the completed in scale with annotations and vertical circulation diagram.
1. Semi Public Entrance
2. Main Exhibition (Seasonal Themes)
3. Outdoor River Exhibition (1700s Boats)
4. Second Exhibition Space (1800s Railways)
5. Display Sliders
6. Cafe & Accessible Lavatory
7. Third Exhibition (Future Technology)
8. Storage & Workshop
9. Staff Offices
10. Museum Shops
11. Elevated Walkways
12. Pub Extension
13. Public Lavatory
17 River Flood Plains Flood Plains Square Staff Parking & Loading Porch Lower Porch Main Exhibition River dry land Connectors Observatory Exhibition 2 Pub Extenstion The Shop Goods Lift Pub Cafe/ Restaurant Exhibition 3 Workshop/ Storage Guest Vertical Circulations Goods
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13
vertical circulation
Digbeth in Motion Final Spatial Diagrams
...This explains finalised internal spaces
Iattempted to build a physical sectional model for the building as well. However, parts of it are too delicate and difficult to be attached.
Top right images are the current model process. Top right images are pretty much what it should look like upon completion.
...This explains 3D modelling of the mass/partial built
Thisis the physical model showing the entire building mass within the site context.
This process is done before the alteration of the pitched roof during the design process. However, the final mass of the building is the same.
18
Digbeth in Motion 3D Models
These images are the visualisation of the Journey through the building. it flows from top to right bottom.
First picture is the main porch. Second, is the main exhibition that can be changed seasonally. Third, is on the way down to the floating deck on the river of 1700s. Then the railway 1800s exhibition. And after that up one floor to future exhibition. Lastly is the gift shop on the lower ground before exit.
19
Digbeth in Motion Perspective Visualisation
...This explains the visualisation of human perspectives
On the top the framed view point of the Transportation highlight of Birmingham. with visualisation of the exterior and also the interior of the viewing deck.
20
Spagetthi Junction
Duddeston Railway Viaduct
Tyesley Rail Depot
Birmingham Intl Airport
New Street Station
Moor Street Station
Digbeth in Motion Viewing Tower
...This explains one of the key components of the building
Asa civic and utilitarian building. It is trying to emphasis the juncion connection and any of the functional structure of the building.
This is highlighted by the continuity of the roof beams from front and all the way to the back of the building.
This is also connected with the idea of transit and connectivity. These ‘lines’ architectural transferred from roof beams to columns and to the ground where lines keep on continuing to different sides of the site context.
Big columns are also emphasis to celebrate the grandeur of the structure(shown on the left)
21
Nyugati Railway Station by Grimshaw Architects
Looking at the columns junction
Digbeth in Motion Celebrating the Connections
Precedent
...This explains one of the key components of the building in relation with the concept
Becauseof the different ground condition in different parts of the building, The structure is divided into three parts.
The piles floor and foundation on top of the river, the floor with auxiliary lower ground spaces, and the roof structure that spans the entire building.
Main materiality and justifications are shown on the diagram.
22 1 A B C D 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Digbeth in Motion Construction Diagrams
...This explains the general technical construction of the building
Cross Ventilation
Ground Source
Thermally Activated Concrete
Roof Light
Double Skin Facade
Utilising the orientation of the building and prevailing wind direction, cross ventilation can be achieved to regulate the temperature during summer months.
Becauseof the building located on the river which has ground temperature constant throughout the seasons, This can be utilised to heat or cool down by connecting with pipes that go through concrete floors.
The pitch roof allowed the northern side to be equipped with roof light which the bounces to the ceiling and disperse.
This can be useful especially when the spaces are used mostly during the day.
The southern elevation is equpped with double skin facade which allows the building to conserve heat during daytime and releasing it back in the eveing when there is no sunlight and temperature is dropping.
23
Digbeth in Motion Environmental Diagrams
...This explains the environmental startegies of the building
24 1 Exhibition space 1 - 20m 2. Exhibition space 2 - 28m 3. Exhibition space 3 -35m 4. Disabled toilets - 35m 5. Toilets - 27m 6. Storages & workshops -10m 7. Staff office - 10m 8. Museum shops - 10m Assembly points Fire extinguisher Fire sprinklers Fire exit doors Escape routes Vertical escape routes 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 5 10 15 20 25m
Fire safety diagram with its component and referenced document.
Digbeth in Motion Fire Strategy Diagram
This spans throughout different levels including toilets and the viewing tower.
...This explains the fire escape and safety components within the building
These are diagrams showing the details that follows the health & Safety set by the government on the Approved Document K “Protection from falling, collision, & Impact”
I also added one technical safety that unique to my design. Because I have display slidings that run on the floor throughout the building. I added component that once the displays are locked. The exposed sidings are covered so wheel chair & push chair users can move about freely without any obstacles.
25 19m 1.8m 1100mm 950mm 170mm 250mm
Digbeth in Motion Health & Safety
...This explains technical details for the safety of the building’s users
Ø Benthem Crouwel Architects. (2020). The Hague Central Station. Benthem Crouwel. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://www.benthemcrouwel. com/projects/the-hague-central-station
Ø Buxton, P. (2022). Metric Handbook: Planning and Design Data. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Ø Canal & River Trust (2023) Birmingham City Centre: Canal & River Trust, Places to vist | Canal & River Trust. Available at: https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/places-to-visit/birmingham-city-centre (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø Council, B.C. (2016) Planning applications and documents, Planning applications and documents | Birmingham City Council. Birmingham. Available at: https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/info/20160/planning_ applications/22/view_planning_applications_and_documents (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø DRMM Studio. (2023). Hastings Pier: DRMM architects. dRMM de Rijke Marsh Morgan Architects. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://drmmstudio. com/project/hastings-pier/
Ø Emdén, T.J. (2018) Cut out people by Teodor Javanaud Emdén, Skalgubbar. Available at: https:// skalgubbar.se/ (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø Glenn Howells Architects (2021) Gha project: Custard factory, Glenn Howells Architects. Available at: https://www.glennhowells.co.uk/project/custard-factory/ (Accessed: April 14, 2023).
Ø Google (2023) Google earth. Google. Available at: https://earth.google.com/ (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø Grimshaw. (2020, April 23). Grimshaw’s designs for HS2 Curzon Street station approved by Birmingham ... Grimshaw Architects. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://grimshaw.global/news/articles/ grimshaw%E2%80%99s-designs-for-hs2-curzonstreet-station-approved-by-birmingham-city-council/
Ø K., C. F. D., & Shapiro, I. M. (2021). Green building illustrated. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ø Kwok, A. G., & Grondzik, W. T. (2018). The Green Studio Handbook: Environmental Strategies for Schematic Design. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Ø Marsh, A.J. (2023) PD: 3d sun-path. Available at: https://andrewmarsh.com/apps/staging/sunpath3d. html (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø Middleton, M. (2022, March 28). Budapest
Nyugati Railway Station – Projects – Grimshaw. Grimshaw Architects. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https:// grimshaw.global/projects/rail-and-mass-transit/budapest-nyugati-railway-station/
Ø MidlandsPubs (no date) History of the White Swan on Digbeth in Birmingham in the County of Warwickshire., History of the White Swan on Digbeth in Birmingham. Available at: https://www.midlandspubs. co.uk/birmingham/digbeth/white-swan.htm (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø Network Rail (no date) Design Manual Nr/ GN/CIV/100/01, Network Rail. Available at: https:// newnetworkrail.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/ uploads/2021/06/NR_GN_CIV_100_01_Design-Advice-Panel.pdf (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø RIBA. (2013). The Building Regulations 2010: Protection from falling, collision and impact: Approved document K.
Ø RIBA. (2020). 101 Rules of thumb for low energy architecture.
Ø RIBA. (2020). 101 Rules of thumb for sustainable buildings and cities.
Ø Transport for West Midlands. (n.d.). Typography. Transport for West Midlands Design System. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://designsystem. tfwm.org.uk/styles/typography/
Ø TSO. (2018). The Building Act 1984: The building regulations 2010: Approved document b, volume 2, Approved Document 7.
Ø Turley (2020) Plans for long term investment and regeneration of Digbeth given the ..., Turley. Available at: https://www.turley.co.uk/news/plans-longterm-investment-and-regeneration-digbeth-givengreen-light-birmingham-city-council (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø Watts, A. (2014). Modern construction envelopes. Birkhauser.
Ø Watts, A. (2023). Modern Construction Handbook. Birkhäuser Newtecnic.
Ø Weather Archive in Birmingham (no date) Weather archive in Birmingham (United Kingdom). Wind rose in Birmingham. Available at: https:// world-weather.info/archive/united_kingdom/birmingham/ (Accessed: April 12, 2023).
Ø Wright, D. (1992). Wimbledon “A” signal box. The beauty of Transport. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from https://thebeautyoftransport.com/2013/06/05/ cinema-style-wimbledon-a-signal-box-london-uk/.
Sources of references that I used throughout the design process.
26
Digbeth in Motion References
Special thank you for
Carl Holloway
Dr. Tulika Gadakari
Jose Romera Garcia
Dr. Hossein Sadri
For the supports, guides and tutorials throughout the proccess.
Digbeth In Motion