IN:CH Studio 2014 - Mumbai : Documentation

THE ECOLOGIES OF A RESSOURCE H/East & H/West

TEAM MEMBERS J端rg B端hrer | Rushabh Chheda | Hardik Joshi Kevin Sigl | Michelle Mosimann

page 2

information

Introduction

District

Mumbai City I Mumbai Suburban

Municipal Solid waste management (= MSWM) constitutes a seri-

Stage

Maharashtra

ous problem in many third world Cities. Almost 70% of the waste

Area

603.4 km

on an average in these cities is untreated and dumped in open

Population

12.5 Mio

grounds. Over the next several decades, globalization, rapid ur-

> 4.8 million urban

banization and economic growth in the developing world tend to

> 7.2 million slums comprising

further deteriorate this situation.

2

This documentation focuses only on the waste management system of Mumbai. More precisely, the work concentrates on two gi-

H/ West ward Area

11.55km 2

Population 420‘000

ven wards named H/ West and H/ East. The dossier itself is splitted in three parts. First part gives an overview over the city and the waste management in general and ends with our first impressions of the given wards. The second part focuses on the analysis of H/

H/ East ward Area

18.53km 2

Population 580‘000

West and H/ East ward. The last part discribes possible interventions for the waste treatment based on the analysis.

IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI

The people next to the holi lake „Bandra Talao“ try to show respect for the nature. In fact, they feed the fishes, birds and goats around the lake.

1.: West ward, open Space, Bandra Talao Lake

„We aren‘t that much afraid of infections. The houses right next to the nalas have a net on the window to protect from moscitos.“ 3.: East ward, informal housing, Behrampada

„Because of the sort of my customer, I throw away 8kg vegetables every day.“ 5.: East ward, commercial, Kalina Market

The promenade of Khardanda is a former dumpyard. Shockingly no one cares about it because of its public function.

2.: West ward, open space, Khardanda

One of the biggest problem is the waste which clogs up the nalas.

4.: East ward, informal housing, Behrampada

„The blocked nalas overfloaw regulary my house and noone cares about it!“ 6.: West ward, housing, Pali Village

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1

NORTH MUMBAI

INDIA

12.5 MIO PEOPLE LIVE IN MUMBAI.

MUMBAI

2

WESTERN SUBURBS

1 MIO PEOPLE LIVE IN THE H-WARD. H-WARD

3

H WEST H EAST

SOUTH MUMBAI

7.: Map of India

DISPOSAL SITES: 1 GORAI 2 MULUND 3 DEONAR

8.: Map of Mumbai

MACRO LOCATION

WASTE SYSTEM IN GENERAL

Mumbai, initially Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra

Most cities do not collect the totality of wastes generated, and out

in India. Mumbai was originally a conglomeration of seven

of this, only a fraction receives proper disposal. The insufficient

islands on the Konkan coastline which grew together through land

collection and inappropriate disposal of solid wastes represent a

reclamation to form a single island. The most important seaport of

source of water, land and air pollution, and pose risks to human

the subcontinent is located on the island of Salsette off the west

health and the environment.

coast of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the largest city in India and one

Mumbai is divided in six zones and 24 wards. To handle the 7500

of the most populous cities in the world. It has its own set of issues

MT (= metric tonnes) of garbage every day, each ward is divided

being a very big multifaceted, multidimensional city with a huge

in administrative zones. The street sweeping and drain activities

population of about 12 million which comprise of 4.8 million urban

in each zone are organized by Junior Overseers. These activities

and slums comprising of 7.2 million. The city has a huge floating

are carried out seven days a week - some areas single and some

population of 3 million plus and the demand of better infrastructure

double or triple shift operation. Community bins and containers

is ever growing. But as the population is ever-increasing and also

are used for storage of street sweeping, domestic and commercial

the demands, the city has reached a point of saturation in order of

refuse. The transport is carried out by the vehicles of the Solid

giving even the basic amenities to its citizens.

Waste Management as well as by vehicles of private contractors.

600 MT daily

13%

78MT

15%

90MT

20%

20MT

52%

312MT

SOLID WASTE SEWAGE WASTE

THE SEAWAGE SYSTEM IS MORE THAN A 100 YEARS OLD. IT COVER 125 KM AND RUNS UNDERGROUND.

WET ORGANIC WASTE SAND, FINE EARTH RECYCABLE DRY ORGANIC WASTE

1 MILLION CUBIC METER URINE GOES EVERY YEAR DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA. 9.: Solid waste system

10.: Sewage waste system

30‘000 TONNES OF FAECES GOES EVERY YEAR DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA.

CHEMICALS FROM SMALL INDUSTRIES GO DIRECTLY INTO THE SEA.

IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI

EAST WARD

420‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN THE H-WEST WARD.

580‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN THE H-EAST WARD.

4

WEST WARD

1 1 CA.

??

40%

SOME REFUSE IS DEPOSITED ON THE BEACH OR IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND WASHED AWAY

BY THE FLOOD.

3

2

TYPOLOGIES: 1 INFORMAL HOUSING 2 RESIDENTIAL 3 OPEN SPACES 4 COMMERCIAL

BANDRA TALAO (LAKE)

3

11.: Map of H/ East and H/ West ward

Impressions and first steps

Secondly we were impressed by the industrial areas in the informal

The H-ward is located on western part of Mumbai. It consists of

housing regions. First we thought they easily throw their

30.08 km2 and population of around 10 lakh (as per 2011 census).

waste into the water, but actually they collect all their garbage

On our first field circuit we had several impressions of our two

and recycle it. Moreover, the slums are pretty well organized itself,

wards H/ West and H/ East. The two wards act as connection bet-

although the working conditions are catastrophic. The inhabitants

ween North and South Mumbai. The whole area is well connected

work twelve hours a day for survival and to meet daily needs.

to the water, named the Arabian Sea on western side, the Mithi

Nonetheless this recycling system doesn‘t work for the whole city.

River on eastern side and numerous of Nalas.

The unpleasant truth is that each day a lot of recycling material just

We started with our tour in the south at Bandra Fort. By following

ends in Deonar, the huge dumping yard.

a given route (see 14) we discovered several places. The first and

Because of the diversity of our ward, we decided to categorize

most impressive place was the slum called Behrampada. The

the land use in 4 typologies: informal housing (including industrial

slum is located right next to the Bandra Station and is known as

areas), residential, open spaces and commercial. As a first

one of the slums with the highest storeys. Behrampada is located

step we tried to figure out the waste management system for each

right next to a huge Nala, which is almost covered by all kind of

typology and calculated the share of waste that get into the water,

garbage. This picture we encounter throughout our whole tour.

transported to Deonar or be recycled.

KHARDANDA PHOENIX CITY KURLA

GOLIBAR

CST ROAD

KALINA MARKET

CARTER ROAD

PALI NAKA

BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX

PALI VILLAGE

BANDRA TALAO RANWAR VILLAGE

MIG COLONY BAZAAR ROAD

BANDRA FORT 12.: Site tour through ward H

BANDRA STATION

BEHRAMPADA

page 6

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INFORMAL HOUSING

BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX PALI VILLAGE CARTER ROAD UNION PARK SANTACRUZ WEST

OPEN SPACES INDUSTRIAL HUTCH MITHI RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEM WARD BORDER STREETS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

13.: Map of H/ East and H/ West ward including typologies

TYPOLOGy 1: RESIDENTIAL

throw it in community bins by themselves. Generation of dry waste

H/ west ward has more of residences than on H/ east ward. Formal

in residences is more then in slums.

residences consist of 48% out of total polpulation of H-ward and

Few residences from union park in Khar west area have come to-

this typology generates approximately more then 300MT refuse

gether and formed ALM (= Advanced Locality Management) under

daily.

B.M.C. known as „Union park residents association“ which works

Formal residencces can be later divided into Elite class, middle

into solid waste management within the area as well. Eco - garden,

class and lower middle class. Elite class generates more of dry

vermi - compost pit are few examples of the association‘s work

waste then middle class and lower middle class are more profitable

done within union park area. Dry waste is recycled within the area

for ragpickers to be around the same area. Elite class generates

and wet waste are put in vermi compost pit hence, no waste goes

around 4-5 kgs whereas middle class and lower middle class ge-

to community bin then to deonar.

nerates 1-2 kgs of waste daily.

„Triratna prerna mandal“ based in Santacruz west is a non profit

H/ east consists more of informal residences with informal small

organisation founded by World Bank which works in solid waste

scale industries on the banks of Mithi River. 60% of residences

management. Volunteers of this association separate wet and dry

have more organised way of dumping as the B.MC. officials collect

waste from community bins. Dry waste is later sold to recyclers

waste from house to house on regular basis rest 40% has to yet

and wet waste is taken by MCGM to deonar.

216 TONNES WASTE OR 36 TRUCKS PER DAY FROM ALL RESIDENTIALS.

B.M.C.

INOFFICIAL COLLECTER RAGDEALERS

SEGREGATION

OFFICIAL B.M.C. COLLECTER 144 TONNES RAGDEALERS RECYCLABLE WASTE (OFFICIAL)

SEGREGATION

14.: Waste management system of residentials

THE SEGREGATED WASTE IS COLLECTED IN THE HOUSE. ONCE A DAY B.M.C. COLLECT THE TRASH AND TAKE IT TO DEONAR. UNFORTUNATELY THE TRASH IS LATER MIXED AGAIN.

RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENTS HAVE THE MOST EFFECTIVE WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. BUT THE FACT IS THAT THERE IS NO EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AS THE WASTE ISN‘T SEGREGATED AND MANAGED SEPERATELY.

480‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN RESIDENTIALS

IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI

BEHRAMPADA GOLIBAR DYANESHWAR ROAD BHARAT ROAD CST ROAD

TYPOLOGy 2: inFORMAL HOUSING

dump them in the community bins from where the waste is picked

The informal settlements form 52 % of the total residential popula-

up by compactor trucks twice a day, once in the morning and

tion of the city. Of these 52 %, 80% are on privately owned lands.

once in the evening and transported to Deonar dumping grounds

Most of these settlements have a very high human density and the

where it is dumped. Most of these settlements have either a major,

streets very narrow, due to the unregulated growth in the number

minor nalla, the Mithi River or its tributary passing through it and

of households and also a regular inflow of residents. This category

also apart from mornings there is no one who collects and dumps

also includes urban fishing villages. H-ward has one fishing village

the waste in the community bins so all that gets dumped in these

in the west and a few slum settlements like Golibar, Behrampada,

waters, causing clogging, flooding and pollution. There are a few

Dyaneshwar, Bharat etc. on the east, this shows that there is a

N.G.O’s who work with the waste pickers and help them in various

vast difference in the class of people living in the east and the

ways.

west.

These settlements face problems of unavailability of basic sanita-

H/ East has a lot of households from the poor class. These settle-

tion and hygiene facilities like toilets, drainage and waste manage-

ments have community bins on the periphery where individual was-

ment. The B.M.C fails majorly at the management level in case of

te collectors hired by the B.M.C. go door to door every morning

such settlements.

between 5 am to 2 pm to collect unsegregated mixed waste and

B.M.C.

EXAMPEL BEHRAMPADA SLUM: 3 DIFFERENT PICKUPS 3X DAILY 6TONNES / PICKUP = 54 TONNES DAILY

54 TONNES WASTE OR 9 TRUCKS PER DAY FROM ONE SLUM.

20 TONNES RECYCLABLE WASTE/ONE SLUM.

DUMPYARD AT THE EDGE: THE DUMPBINS ARE ARRANGED ON THE EDGE OF THE SLUM. THE WASTE IS DISPOSED BY THE WOMEN AND SHOVELED INTO THE TRUCK BY THE PEOPLE OF B.M.C.

SOLID WASTE IS COLLECTED DURING THE DAY BY WOMEN FROM 5AM TO 2PM. CLEANERS EARN 4500 RUPEES PER MONTH

RAGPICKERS COLLECT THE RECYCLABLE WASTE FROM THE BLACK WATER

INFORMAL INDUSTRIES IN SLUM, ESPECIALLY TEXTILE DYEING, DISPOSE UNFILTERED CHEMICAL WASTE INTO THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. ACID(2%), DYE COLOUR(3%), WATER(95%)

15.: Waste management system of informal housing

MORE THAN 20% OF ALL WASTE ENDS UP IN THE NALAS. THIS OUT OF HABIT AND LAZINESS.

UP TO

1000 LITRES CHEMICALS PER DAY PER UNIT.... .....THERE ARE HUNDREDS

520‘000 PEOPLE LIVE IN SLUMS.

page 8

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

BANDRA TALAO BANDRA FORT CARTER ROAD

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL INFORMAL HOUSING OPEN SPACES INDUSTRIAL HUTCH MITHI RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEM WARD BORDER STREETS

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

16.: Map of H East and West ward including typologies

typology 3: OPEN SPACES

Ganesh festival is approaching for the idols. Many people staying

Open spaces are one of the buffer zone within densely populated

around it or have shops around around are very well connected to

areas on both the sides. Open spaces in turn are meant for public

the talao by activities like fishing, feeding fishes, feeding birds etc.

use and amenities for people staying in the vicinity. Open spaces

Spaces like „Bandra fort“ and „Carter road promenade“ are on the

were evenly distriuted on both H/ West and H/ East ward. These

banks of arabian sea are maintained well within itself but wastes

spaces were either used for public spaces u providing a water body

which is in the sea are not cleaned at all.

within densely populated area or areas meant for pulic like playing

„Banks of Koliwada, khar danda are neglected completely and

ground, parks, jogging etc. Spaces which were recently made by

hence have ecome huge dumping yard within the community itself.

government or heritage structures were very well maintained ut on

Sewage lines of the koliwada village are ending in the sea ma-

spaces like water body, grounds were poorly maintained by BMC.

king pure water dirty, which in turn becomes an open invitation for

Spaces which are on the western side of railway tracks and ad-

people to put waste into it. Khar danda area which has jetties for

jacent to arabian sea are maintained properly within itself but the

fishing is being developed as boat station and left over waste is

adjacent sea is being neglected.

mied with sand for levelling. Private organisation are also working

„Bandra talao“ which is within the residences areas is poorly main-

withing the communities in terms of sweeping, house to house

tained by BMC. It is only cleaned throughly once in a year when the

collection off waste.

PEDRESTIANS

parle-G

THE LAKE IS CLEANED ONCE A YEAR BEFORE A RELIGIOUS FESTIVAL (GANESH CHATURTHI).

BISCUITS TO FEED THE FISHES (INCLUDING PACKAGING)

SOME REFUSE IS DEPOSITED ON THE BEACH OR IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM AND WASHED AWAY BY THE FLOOD.

CHEMICALS WHICH PUSH THE WASTE TO THE SHORE OF THE BANDRA TALAO LAKE.

THE NALAS ARE COVERED WITH GARBAGE. DURING THE MONSOON MONTHS THE WATER OVERFLOWS THE LOWER REGIONS. B.M.C. CLEANS THE SYSTEM JUST BEFORE THE RAINY SEASON STARTS. .

B.M.C

BANDRA TALAO (LAKE)

WASTE IS DRIVEN TO DEONAR ONCE A YEAR. DUMPYARD ON THE EDGE. .

B.M.C

WASTE IS DRIVEN TO DEONAR ONCE A DAY BY B.M.C. CA.

??

60%

SOLID WASTE IS COLLECTED AT THE MAINSTREET DURING THE DAY BY WOMEN.

COLLECTING BY RAGPICKERS

SORTING

RAGDEALERS

ARABIAN SEA

17.: Waste management system of open spaces

IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI

KALINA MARKET BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX PHOENIX MARKET CITY BAZAAR ROAD BANDRA STATION

typology 4: COMMERCIAL

eartern part of H-ward covers huge land adjoining some part of it

Commercial sector in H/ East ward plays a huge role as eastern

to Mithi river. Huge partition wall have been constructed in BKC

side covers big land of elite commercial spaces. Small scale com-

area to neglect the Mithi River. Neglecting the river in turns pro-

mercial markets plays a huge role in generation of waste as it has

motes informal and illegal housing to form a base along the river.

more of dry waste production.

Structure is very much organised in high commercial offices which

Markets like „Kalina market“ which includes shops and illegal ven-

goes to community bins from where ragpickers segregate dry and

dors creates both dry and wet waste depending on the the area it

wet waste and sell the dry waste to manufacturers or recyclers.

covers for its market. Vendors in market generates more of organic

Wet waste is taken by trucks from community bins every morning

(wet) waste as they contain wet waste like vegetales, fruits etc.

and goes to Deonar. BKC is promoting green revolution in terms of

Shops in Kalina market generates more of dry waste which is then

waste management withing the complex, but it doesn‘t reflect on

dumped to nearby community bin which is within the slum area

the back side of BKC where it is adjoining Mithi river.

which already has problems of waste and sewage. Waste from

Due to high temporary wall constructed adjoining the Mithi river,

vendors are not collected in the night which leads them to store

informal settlements have started growing along the banks. These

waste till next morning.

informal settlements either starts living or creating small scale in-

Bandra kurla complex (BKC) which is elite commercial area in the

dustry leaving all sort of waste in the river.

B.M.C.

B.M.C.

INDIVIDUAL COLLECTION AT DUMPGROUNDS AND RESTAURANTS

SHOPS & RESTAURANTS: SMALL RESTAURANTS > BINS > TRUCKS BIG RESTAURANTS > TRUCKS SHOPS > BINS > TRUCKS

KALINA MARKET: LOTS OF ORGANIC WASTE IS GENERATED WHICH IS COLLECTED

BY THE B.M.C. IN THE MORNING AND TRANSPORTED TO THE DUMPINGYARD.

INDIVIDUAL COLLECTION

ORGANIC WASTE: 8KG / VENDOR --> 30 VENDORS RAGDEALERS

SEGREGATION

COLLECTION BY RAGPICKERS

RECYCLING 18.: Waste management system of commercial

TRUCKDRIVER DAVE

DEONAR

page 10

MUMBAI

POSSIBILITIES LOCATION LOADING STATIONS LOADING STATION BANDRA RAILWAY SYSTEM

19.: Map of Mumbai

IDEA

CASE STUDY

The idea entails a high degree of public participation, increased

Union Park Residents Association (= Upra) is a non-profit, non-

shift towards a refuse collection and processing system which is

religious, social-n-charity organisation, registered as alm no. 104

achievable at an individual residential block or co-operative housing

with MCMG 2003. Upra is representative of a residential area com-

society level, by various systems which are affordable, reliable and

prising of 42 buildings and 8 bungalows spread over five lanes

sustainable. The intervention aims to be practical and realistic in

(road no. 3, 4, 5, Deccan Road and Govind Ghag Marg - Union

the approach, laying stress on the interdisciplinary nature of solid

Park Main Road).

waste management and to tackle various prevalent issues with a

It deals with solid waste management withing the each society.

significant degree of detail of various processes involved. The idea

„Sealine Society“ is one of the main society which handles its own

is to make the citizens aware that solid waste management is not a

wet waste. There are total 12 families residing and segregating

passive technology or an efficient organisation of a workforce but

waste withing their house. Wet waste (non-cooked food) from each

that is based on a wide range of parameters involving interventions

house is collected and put into vermi compost pit with worms for

at various organisational and settlement levels.

composting. Compost pit is closed tight or 2 months for any sunlight to not penetrate into it. Compost is ready as a natural fertilizer.

WORMS

GOVERNMENT

WET WASTE

> FUNDS

COMPOST

B.M.C. > RESSOURCES > REGULATORY > GOVERNING BODY

N.G.O. A.L.M. PRIVATE SECTOR

SOCIETY COMPOST PIT

GARDEN COMPOST PIT

WET WASTE IN PIT

Shreded leaves and cut grass in pit

WORMS OVER WET WASTE

WORMS OVER THE LEAVES

> SEGREGATION > HOUSE TO HOUSE COLLECTION > TRANSPORTATION

CLOSD LID FOR 2 MONTHS

CLOSD LID FOR 2 MONTHS

INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS

COMPOST IS READY

COMPOST IS READY

> EMPLOYMENT > POLICIES > RULES > MANAGEMENT

RAG PICKERS

> TAX

20.: Hierarchy system all over ward H.

21.: System of Union Park Residents Association.

IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI

HOUSING: INDIVIDUAL LEVEL For the slum we offer two different solutions in order to improve

For a formal residential level, our proposal is applying an already

the current situation of the wet waste management. On one hand,

applied solution in Pune, which is being provided by the institute of

at an individual level, there is a possibility to build a mini-biogasdi-

appropriate rural technology (= ARTI) They offer different types of

gester by using parts from home depot . With two buckets, some

biogas digesters: one is a balcony model of 0.5 m 3 and the other

houses and electrical conducts it is possible to build a system for

one is a terrace model of 1.0m 3 of capacity. This compact biogas

cooking, which supplies 5-10 minutes methane gas a day. There-

plant runs mostly with food waste and supplies enough gas for

fore we provide an instruction for free in terms of a course or pro-

cooking and even a small amount of solid waste, which can be

spect and inform them about the health hazards caused by the

used as fertilizer. Just 2 kg of grain flour, spoilt grain, overripe or

current chulhas. On the other hand, as a collective solution, we

spoilt fruit, non edible seeds, fruits and rhizomes, green leaves, kit-

propose to put vermi-composts, where the people without biogas

chen waste, leftover food, etc. produces about 500 g of methane,

digester can dump it. All the other types of waste should be segre-

and the reaction is completed with 24 hours. The system is highly

gated at its source by a new profession for the inhabitants of the

effective due to its high calorific and nutritive value of feedstock.

slum so called rag segregators. Under the surveillance of a local

The smallest biogas plant plus the biogas stove from ARTI costs

NGO, they segregate it and dispose them in further interventions.

around 11’000 INR for one household.

SEGREGATION TYPE 1

SEGREGATION TYPE 1

MINI-BIOGAS CONVERTER

WET ORGANIC:

GAS OUTLET

COLLECTION IN BIOPLANT

GAS HOLDER

DRY ORGANIC COLLECTION IN BINS

INLET

OUTLET FERMENTER

SEGREGATION TYPE 2

SEGREGATION TYPE 2 WET ORGANIC: COLLECTION IN BINS

DRY ORGANIC COLLECTION IN BINS

DRY ORGANIC: CLEANERS ONCE A DAY (MORNING)

WET ORGANIC: CLEANERS ONCE A DAY (AFTERNOON)

22.: Proposed wet waste management system of informal houses and residentials.

page 12

HOUSING: COMMUNITY LEVEL

treating the waste where it gets generated and saving money for

At the community level, 50 to 60 households or 15 to 20 appart-

transportation. Wet waste is segregated into food leftovers, and

ment blocks can form a community which handles the waste on

vegetables and fruits. Food leftovers from commercial areas are

their own. Basically, we deal with the idea of the inhabitants segre-

treated at biogas plants.The other method of handling wet organic

gating the waste into wet waste (green bins) and dry waste (blue

waste is by constructing vermicompost and compost pits in each

bins). Then by house to house collection, taking it to a segregation

society to create organic fertilizers.

spot where the wet waste in managed at a community level either

The recyclables are sold to the rag dealers and/ or go on to the re-

by compost, vermicompost or in a bio methanation plant and the

cycling industries. The biogas plants within the ward have different

dry waste is segregated by the rag pickers into recyclable (such as

sizes: They would process around 5 to 8 tons of wet waste daily,

glass, plastic, paper and metal) and non-recyclable, which goes

while 80% of the output would be used to generate biogas. It is

directly to the incinerator in the city outskirts. On the other hand,

used to generate electricity and supply the street lights, the lefto-

we have the wet waste management. The solution from ARTI is

ver solid waste can be used as a fertilizer. 20% of useless solid

not only for domestic use, but also for collective waste disposal.

leftovers which cannot be treated, would be sent to the incinerator.

Various biogas plants within the ward are supposed to take care

In fact with a proper handling we could gain 12‘000 units (around

of a part of the city‘s wet waste, where we deal with the idea of

4kWh) per day, which would be sufficient for 8000 streetlights.

DISPOSING / COLLECTING POINTS dry waste

wet waste

BIOGAS CH4 (METHAN)

RAGDEALERS

SAND & FINE EARTH

90 TONNES

LEVELLING

RAGPICKERS

LOADING STATION BANDRA

DAILY

23.: Proposed wet waste management system of commercial level.

RECYCLING

IN:CH STUDIO 2014 | MUMBAI

CITY LEVEL

FOCUS: BIO METHANATION PLANT

At the city level, the Government and the B.M.C. is the acting body

The bio methanation plant is a tank in which the wet organic waste

which handles the overall management of different types of waste.

is treated to create outputs in the form of bio gas and natural fer-

The organic waste from hotels, restaurants, vegetable markets, fruit

tilizers. All the organic waste which is collected at either individual

markets is transported to bigger methanation plants of 100-200 tpd

or community level is sent to this plant, where the waste is further

capacities where it is treated to create electricity from biogas and

segregated for treatment. In the air-tight tank, bacteria and other

also bio mass. Out of all the organic waste 20 % cannot be treated

microbes break down the organic material while releasing methane

at the plant which is sent to the collection spots at the train stations

gas. Carbohydrates are broken down to simple sugars. Proteins

and then is transported to incinerators outside the city by trains.

are broken down to amino acids and lipids are broken down to

Also the dry organic wastes after segregation is sent to the stations

long chain fatty acids. The more high calorific and nutritive value

and then the recyclables are transported to recycling units, the inert

to microbes the feedstock has, the more effective the system be-

materials are used to level low lands and the dry wastes like leather

comes and the more methane gas is being produced. Nearly all

etc which cant be naturally decomposed is sent to the incinerators

volatile organic nutrition entering a digester will end up as metha-

fro treatment. At every level of intervention, the outputs like electri-

ne. Small amounts will be incorporated in newly formed biomass,

city, biomass, biogas, slag from incineration is utilised for the city.

which can be used as fertilizer.

5 TONS A DAY 20 PLANTS IN H-WARD SAVE 40‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 14‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR ... OUT OF A 5 TONS PLANT 20 PLANTS IN H-WARD SAVE 48‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 17‘520‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 7% PAPER SAVE

6% PLASTIC SAVE

3% METALL SAVE

4% GLASS SAVE

672‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 245‘300‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 300‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 109‘500‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 840‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 306‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR 840‘000 RUPEES/ DAY OR 306‘600‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR

TRAINS INSTEAD OF TRUCKS SAVE 768 KM/ DAY OR 46‘720 LITER DIESEL/ YEAR OR 2‘803‘200 RUPEES/ YEAR

SAVED 727‘000‘000 RUPEES/ YEAR

DEONAR

INCINERATOR 24.: Proposed wet waste management system of city level.

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List of references Desai, R.: Decentralized solid waste management system, a sustainable solid waste management system for a zero garbage concept for H (west) ward of Mumbai, Yashwantrao chavan Maharashtra open University, study center: Rizvi college of architecture, Mumbai, 2011-2012 Narain, S.: Why waste, Science and Environment Fortnightly, Down to earth, Adani‘s Green Initiatives, 1. print March 16-31, 2014 Chandrakant tambe (junior overseer H - west ward) Seema redkar (Bmc official of solid waste management) Rekha desai (Decentralised solid waste management) www.wikipedia.ch, 10.0.2014