How do you adapt the space so it can be home?

Border Crossing Master Studio [BX_file 3-4]

Teachers_ Vibeke Jensen Anders Rubing

Projects_ Border zone Serbia/ Republic of Macedonia_ Ingrid Jordheim Sebastian Uthaug Border zone Serbia/ Republic of Macedonia_ Turid Skåden Auste Cijunelyte Katsika Camp_ Antonio Barbin Illyrian Belègu Calais container reappropriation_ Siri Nordeide Øyvind Kristiansen Stine Elise Kristoffersen Calais container reappropriation_ Jane Mattan Ingeleiv Midtun Urban context Paris metro_ Adriana Smets Ling Lee Stefanie Klemm Silvia Garcia Arranz Urban context Paris metro_ Jøran Bjørshol Eivind Leschbrandt Hustvedt Urban Space and Migration_ Marielle Nordnes Lassi Tulonen Urban Space and Migration_ Henrik Mæland Yonghyun Ahn

Border Crossing Master Studio

Border zone Serbia/Republic of Macedonia

ATTENTION! Border zone.

Only persons with permission are allowed. * But everyone can use the school yard, the medical care, the forest, the sleepover and the information & counseling.

SERBIA

6

5

4

3 REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2

1

You can cross the border because you have the right passport or a visa. * You can not cross the border because you don’t have the right passport and you don’t have a visa. *

BOUNDARY BETWEEN SERBIA & THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA BOUNDARY FOR PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES BOUNDARY IS ADMINISTERED BY POLICE AND MILITARY UNITS OF THE TWO NATIONS PEOPLE WITH A CERTAIN PASSPORT OR VISA CAN PENETRATE THE BOUNDARY

1. SLEEPOVER 2. THE FOREST 3. THE SCHOOL YARD 4. MEDICAL CARE 5. MAIN RECEPTION 6. INFORMATION & COUNSELING

Border Crossing File 4

Border zone Serbia /Republic of Macedonia

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

SERBIA

REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

OFFICIAL BORDER CROSSING

SERBIA

SITE

OFFICIAL BORDER CROSSING

200 m

TABANOVCE TRANSIT CAMP

SLANISHTE VILLAGE

REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA NATIONAL BORDER RAILROAD HIGHWAY ROAD DIRT ROAD

Border Crossing Master Studio

Border zone Serbia/Republic of Macedonia

SERBIA

VISA FREE CROSSING

REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

VISA IS REQUIRED

VISA IS REQUIRED, UNLESS YOU HAVE A DIPLOMATIC PASSPORT OR AN OFFICIAL PASSPORT.

In 2015 a million refugees crossed Serbia on their path to EU countries.

Since July 2016 Serbia and Macedonia have in a “joint venture” guarded the Serbian south border with police and military.

As of August 30 2016, 4428 people have been kept from entering Serbia by military and police units.

Tank on the Macedonian side of the border.

A pathway to Europe EUROPE

AFGHANISTAN

80% of migrants trying to cross the border into Serbia from Macedonia are from Afghanistan and Pakistan. They cannot enter Serbia unless they have a visa.

PAKISTAN

Border Crossing File 4

Border zone Serbia /Republic of Macedonia

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

SERBIA

Today the border situation is guarded by military units on both sides of the border. People who try to cross are put in the nearby Tabanovce transit camp. This camp is supposed to be for short term stays only, but XLI VIEPMX] MW HMǺIVIRX MRGI MX MW E XVERWMX GEQT TISTPIƶW VMKLXW EVI HMǺIVIRX 8LMW PIEHW XS TSSV healtcare and no education for children in the camp.

REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

The aim of the project is to create a border situation with better:

Todays situation

- overview for the people in control and those trying to cross - healthcare - education - information and counseling

Tabanovce transit camp

PC

MAC

11 PROPOSALS TO EMPHEZISE THE ABSURDITY OF THE SPECIFIC BORDER SITUATION.

Mile high collumn

Two walls

Below ground

Surveillance from high chairs

Bridge-building with people wishing you welcome

;LMXI ǼSSV

Enclosed space with openings on two sides

The bridge

Potential neighbourhood

Housing block

A low fence, stairs and a gate

Border Crossing Master Studio

Border zone Serbia/Republic of Macedonia

Bargaining in the No-man’s land EXISTING BORDER SITUATION BOUNDARY EXISTS BETWEEN “NO MAN’S LAND” IN SERBIA AND MACEDONIA Boundary for what BETWEEN PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES Boundary for who BOUNDARY IS POLICE ADMINISTRATED Boundary Administrator PEOPLE WITH PASSPORT/ID/VISA AND CARS WITH “GREEN CARD” CAN CROSS THE BORDER Who can prenetrate THE BOUNDARY IS TEMPORARY IN A MOVEMENT SENCE. or ONE ACTOR (ECONOMICAL BALANCE) OTHER ACTOR CURRENCY: MACEDONIA 1 (DENAR) : SERBIA 2 (DINAR)

INTERNATIONAL FREE-TRADE ZONE LAWS ONE ACTOR (LAW BALANCE)

OTHER ACTOR

PROPOSED BORDER SITUATION A NEW BORDERLESS SPACE BETWEEN SERBIA AND MACEDONIA IS INTRODUCED Boundary for what ALL NATIONALITIES CAN USE THE SPACE TOGETHER Boundary for who PEOPLE WHO USEAdministrator THE SPACE ADMINISTRATE THE BOUNDARY Boundary ALL PEDESTRIANS WITH THE ENTRANCE CARD CAN ENTER Who can prenetrate BOUNDARY SPACE BECOMES MORE PERMANENT or ONE ACTOR (ECONOMICAL BALANCE) OTHER ACTOR OWN NEW CURRENCY

OMNIA ASSOCIATION FREE-TRADE ZONE LAWS ONE ACTOR (LAW BALANCE)

OTHER ACTOR

Border Crossing File 4

Border zone Serbia /Republic of Macedonia

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

EXISITNG BORDER SITUATION Macedonian Denar Passport control contolled by police

MACEDONIA

PORT

PASS

ID

Passport control contolled by police PORT

PASS

ID

SERBIA

Serbian Dinar

EU, AD, AR, AU, BO, BA, CA, CL, CR, HR, CU, IS, IL, JP, KR, LI, MX, ME, NO, NZ, SM, SC, SG, CH, TN, TR, US, BOT - no visa to up to 90 days stay MK - no visa to up to 60 days stay RU, BY, KZ - no visa to up to 60 days stay Rest - needs visa to enter the country

PROPOSED BORDER SITUATION Project start-funded by Macedonia and Serbia - Omnia.

New architectural intervention - wooden deck in a contrast to existing road.

Passport control contolled by police Contolled by passing people Own currency

New wooden flooring in the area facilitates for market use Shared space for transport and pedestrians. Pedestrians are prioritized Marku commutes from Macedonia to Serbia twice a week. On his way back home he stops in Omnia to buy vegetables for his dinner.

Passport control contolled by police

Once you start paying for your market place, you become a part of the Omnia association New area works as a small community, where everything is decided commonly Contolled by passing people Own currency

Sellers pay a symbolic fee for a spot

Border Crossing Master Studio

MARKET STRUCTURES PARIS/ATHENS/MACEDONIA

Border zone Serbia/Republic of Macedonia

ELEMENTS FOR NEGOTIATION

HOW TO NEGOTIATE THE PRICE

BAG PUT THE GOODS IN YOR BAG AND SELL IT

DO YOUR HOMEWORK: ¬'2¬<285¬+20(:25.

Price, reasons why seller is +RZ PXFK GR RWKHUV FKDUJH" :KDW LVWKH FRVW WR \RXU VHOOHU" selling, etc. :K\ LV WKH VHOOHU VHOOLQJ"

CARPET ROLL OUT YOUR CARPET TO PROTECT YOUR STUFF GOODS.

MAKE THE OTHER SIDE TO NAME ¬0$.(¬7+(¬27+(5¬6,'(¬1$0(¬7+(¬35,&(ÂTHE ),567PRICE FIRST

SHELTER FIND SHELTER (A TREE) DONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;T BE REASONABLE - ASK FOR ¬'21·7 %( 5($621$%/( $6. )25 RIDICULOUSLY LOW PRICE 5,',&8/286/< /2: 35,&(

SIGN (ADVERTISEMENT) ADVERTISE FOR YOUR BUSINESS

KNOW THE LIMIT OF HOW LOW THE ¬.12: 7+( /,0,7 2) +2: /2: 6(//(5 &$1 *2 SELLER CAN GO

%( 48,(7 $1' -867 /22. 7+28*+7)8// 6(//(5 0,*+7 BE QUIET AND JUST LOOK THOUGHTFULL $'-867 7+( 35,&(

TABLE SET UP YOUR TABLE AND PUT THINGS NICELY IN PLACE BEFORE THE SALE

ASK FOR EXTRAS FOR THE SAME PRICE $6. )25¬(;75$6¬)25¬7+(¬6$0(¬35,&(

ROOF PUT UP A ROOF TO PROTECT YOUR GOODS

VERNAISON

:$/. $:$<

WALL BUILD A WALL TO MAKE IT EASIER TO PROTECT YOUR GOODS BOTH IN DAYTIME AND AT NIGHT

WALK AWAY

Border Crossing File 4

Border zone Serbia /Republic of Macedonia

SERBIA

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

Preševo border 42O N 21O E

POPULATION: SERBIA - 7MLN MACEDONIA - 2MLN. LANGUAGE: SERBIA - SERBIAN MACEDONIA - MACEDONIAN. CLIMATE: SERBIA - W: 0OC, S: +22OC MACEDONIA - W: +3OC, S: +25OC EXPORT: SERBIA - CARS -> ITALY, GERMANY, BOSNIA & HERCEGOVINA MACEDONIA - REACTION & CATOLYTIC PRODUCTS -> GERMANY, SERBIA, BULGARIA IMPORT: SERBIA - VEHICLE PARTS <- GERMANY, ITALY, RUSSIA MACEDONIA - MACHINES <- UK, GERMANY, GREECE

MACEDONIA

N

100m

MARKET LAYOUT

Parking

Pedestrians only!

BAG CARPET

S ZONE

T SALE

CARPE

Seller’s view

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G

SA

LE

S

Seller’s view

ZO

NE Buyer’s view

Buyer’s view

ROOF & TABLE

Seller’s view

LE ND-TAB ROOF-A NE O Z S E L SA

Marcu is on his way back from work in his green Sedan. He has been in Serbia the whole day, is tired and wants to go home and make dinner.

When he arrives at the border to Macedonia, he notices some stalls with vegetables in the area between the borders.

He bought his vegetables here two weeks ago and decides to park his car outside the passport control and walk through the entrance for pedestrians to buy paprika and chilli.

He notices all the different tools for selling (carpets, tables, roofs etc.) which were brought by the salesmen and the SOHDVDQW ZRRG ÀRRU GHFNLQJ ZKLFK FOHDUO\ separates the market from the road.

Buyer’s view

Border Crossing Master Studio

Katsika camp

Camp for refugees Administrated by the Greek army Volunteers and help organizations can come in UN FUNDS GREEK LAW Katsika is a refugee camp located in Ioanninna in north-western Greece. It located on the plains ten minutes by car south-west of the city center and is home to some three hundred refugees, mostly from the Middlle-East and Afghanistan.

The camp was established on the territory of a Greek military base and is also administrated by the Greek military with funds from the UN. Overrall it is a good camp in terms of organization, access to basic facilities and access to water and food.

The main challange, as expressed by the volunteers and the refugees themselves, were the climatic conditions in Ioanninna

Ioanninna is considered as the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;wettest cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in Greece. Summers are typically hot and moderately dry, while winters are wet and colder than on the coast with frequent frosts and occasional snowfall.

For the refugees living in tents with often nothing but rocks separating the tents from the cold ground, this creates problems attempts of raising the tents above the ground in order to avoid

KATSIKA CAMP, IOANNINNA (GREECE)

the warm sun, creating personal spaces, and measures to protect personal stuff and belongings (by spreading them outside the tent during the day and putting everything inside the tent again during the night). The observations from Katsika are used as basis for our proposal of The Soaring Camp.

The Soaring Camp consists of elevated living units using a that forms the supporting structure of the living unit. The walls of the unit are covered with sheets of fabric or other material draped over, attached to the frame of the poles and beams.

the spaces around the tent and provide each family or group of people a formal space in the camp. Most importantly, by raising time we create a space beneath that creates shade during hot days and a space above for a private outdoor space/storage.

By raising the living unit we also eliminate the visual barriers between residents thus creating an inclusive landscape within the camp.

Border Crossing File 4

Katsika camp

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

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Summer

1. The elevated living unit.

4. Clusters are formed out of belonging (ethnicity, religion, culture).

Common spaces created in empty spaces within each cluster.

7. by raising the living unit we HOLPLQDWH WKH WKUHDW RI Ă RRG ZKLOH at the same time we create a space beneath that creates shade during hot days and a space above for a private outdoor space/storage.

By raising the living unit we also eliminate the visual barriers between residents thus creating an inclusive landscape within the camp.

Winter

2. $ VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F FRQĂ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ RI scaffolding which creates the skeleton that forms the supporting structure of the living unit.

3. We propose that the skeletons of each unit can be covered with the same sheets of fabric as the newest tents donated by the UN to Katsika camp.

How much of the skeleton is covered is optional.

5. Usage of outdoor roof space can be negotiated between the residents.

8LI žI\MFMPMX] SJ XLI WXVYGXYVIW makes it possible to also negotiate the walls-in-between.

7. We introduce a natural drainage system in and around the camp in RUGHU WR FRPEDW Ă RRGLQJ EXW DOVR DV a replacement of the current fence that surrounds the camp in attempt of UHPRYLQJ WKH IHHOLQJ RI FRQĂ&#x20AC;QHPHQW

Border Crossing Master Studio

Katsika camp

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8. The units are organized in a grid system throughout the camp, divided in so-called clusters.

Each cluster consist of 9 spots for the YRMXW XS ½PP MR [MXL E TEWWEKI EVIE between each cluster as preservation of the thorougfares within the camp.

Border Crossing File 4

Katsika camp

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LIVING UNITS

MEDICAL CENTER

ADMINISTRATION

REGISTRATION

PLAYGROUNDS

TOILET/SHOWER

MILITARY BARRACKS

INFORMATION CENTER

FOOD BANK

GREEN SPACES

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

Border Crossing Master Studio

Callais container reappropriation

C A M CA AL LA AI IS S, , C CO ON N T TA A I I N NE R C C A M P P

E R

SI TS U UT AI O T IN O NT O TD OA DY A Y

I TA

Containers Containersdecontextualized... decontextualized... andhow how Calais Calais can can absorb absorb the the influx

! and

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w C d b e b i em e n e t ns t sa r ao r ou un nd

ml pe m l e e mn et ne td e di n i no t oh te hr e re n ev ni vr io r n o m m d ip n t h et h c e i t cy i t ya n ad n db e b ea b al be l et o t of a fc ai cl i lt ia tt ae t eo t oh t e h r e rn en e de ds s t h at hn a w n h wa ht ai ts i ps r po rv oi vd ie dd e dt o td oa dy a. y .

T h pm ph a hs a sb e be en e nd e ds ec s r ci rb i e b d e da s a Te h c e o cn ot na it an ie nr e c r a cm a s g i vg i nv gi n bg a br ae r m umm e i mn ii nm i mo f o fs p sa pc ae c ea n a d n

d u o f a cf ai l ci it li ie t si e f s o fr o i r t s i t si ni h na hb ai bt ia tn at ns t sa na dn dh ah va iv n i gn g t o t o e p mh p m e ae sa us ru er se.s . m u mc uh c eh m ahs ai s i os no ns e sc eu cr u i rt iy t ym o m T h Te h pe r pe rs ee s ne cn e c e o fo bf o b tot ot t m - u -p u p o ro g r ag na in z i a z t ait oi no ,n , c u cl tu ul rt ue r ae na dn di d ie dn et ni t yi t yi s i sn onno-ne-xe ixsitsi tni gn .g .

Inside: 2.5 M² per person Inside:

Outside: Outside: 7.44 7.44 M² per person 11.160 The amount 11.160 M²:M²: The amount of

ofspace unused space due to unused due to security

security measures

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Border Crossing File 4

2002

Callais container reappropriation

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

Squats in Calais; porous, vacant.

Sangatte camp; closed.

Squats evicted; controlled.

Riot police; controlled.

Relocated to camp â&#x20AC;&#x153;jungleâ&#x20AC;?; controlled.

2015

Fence buildt; controlled.

Camp-contract signed; controlled, profit.

Container camp; controlled.

Project!

Containers de-contextualized

Queing for food; controlled.

Camp closed.

Waiting for life; oppression.

2016

The 125 containers from the camp can house between 250 and 375 migrants if there are 2-3 individuals per container.

To house all 1500 migrants from the container camp 500 to 750 containers have to be implemented in Calais.

Border Crossing Master Studio

Callais container reappropriation

T H E O R G A N I Z AT I O N O F T H E P R O J E C T

Migrants Receptionist Community/volunteers

Instead of waiting in line for food and other Jules Ferry, food distribution line services....

NGO â&#x20AC;&#x153;La Vie Activeâ&#x20AC;?

You receive a key from a recepton center located in the city center plus directions to your own container...Reception, key distribution

The reception works for you and you can come here for help and pick up donation money to use in stores in the city.

Safety and control Migrants in camp Stately Commissioned NGO Migrants giving palm print

FRENCH GOVERNMENT, CITY OF CALAIS EU RIGHTS (DUBLIN CONVENTION)

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Border Crossing File 4

Callais container reappropriation

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

C O N TA I N E R S , D E C O N T E X T U A L I Z E D

SUBURBIA

Ty p o l o g i e s : Tw o t o t h r e e s t o r e y h o u s e s w i t h gardens. Most residents have enclosed their g a r d e n s w i t h h e d g e s f o r p r i v a c y. S o r r o u n d e d by trees, agriculture and meadows.

Situation to negotiate: The suburban areas of Calais, right outside the city core, are very porous and could handle an influx of people without compromising the suburban qualities.

Situation to negotiate.

The suburban areas of Calais right outside the city core are very porous and could handle a influx of people without oppression.

agriculture allotment gardens agriculture property limits

unused roads

Adapting to the negotiation.

Containers housing a family, negotiating in suburban language.

This is what your neighboors have

Self-administered

Outdoor space

this is what you get Color choise

Hedgerow

Self-administered

Outdoor space

Color choise

Hedgerow

Border Crossing Master Studio

Callais container reappropriation

C O N TA I N E R S , D E C O N T E X T U A L I Z E D

CITY CENTER

Ty p o l o g i e s : T h i s a r e a , l i k e m o s t a r e a s i n t h e city center, is characterized by two to three storey houses facing the street on one side and a backyard on the other side.

The backyards are sometmes devided into parcels and private gardens.

There are typically no spaces between the housed but there are some small gaps. These gaps are spaces in which the containers are placed.

House

Container

Shed Parcel

House

House

Cars Parcel

Parcel

Backyard

Backyard

This is what you get Main street

Bedrooms Terrace Bathroom and kitchen

street

Containers Trees Backyard Private gardens

Private garden

Entrance from street

Border Crossing Master Studio

Callais container reappropriation

A cup of coffee/tea

, to make my day

In our short time in the informal camp in calais we met some people making coffee. One of them told us about his special coffe, that he kept in his back pocket. He told us he drinks a small cup every morning, to feel happy.

One of the other guys, from the CAP container camp, mentioned there is no place to make coffe in the container camp.

We are proposing to rearange the containers and make a space for making coffee and tea. A space where they can come together, a space of negotiation.

3

1

2

5

4

Safety for the refugees People who donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t belong inside the container camp France goverment/ La Vie Active Refugees who live there and workers

France goverment, city of Calais, FAMI French rights

Step 1. Bring water, cups and coffe and/or tea powder.

Step 2. Fold out the table Step 3. Pour water into the boiler and turn it on.

Step 4. Fold out places to sit.

Step 5. Pour water into your cup Step 6. Invite friends and enjoy coffe or tea

Border Crossing File 4

Callais container reappropriation

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

A cup of coffee/tea , in the container camp In this project we have implemented some of the qualities from the informal camp into the container camp.

We have studied how they make food or coffee/tea in the informal camp in Calais, inside the formal camp in Calais, Norwegian festivals and camping sites. The possibility of rearanging the containers, to be less strictly structured and make a space of negotiation.

We looked into the laws and rights in UNHCR camps and compaired it with the container camp. We saw that the people inside the container camp didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t many rights or things to do.

With this installation we want to give them something to make their day better.

Border Crossing Master Studio

Callais container reappropriation

A cup of coffee/tea , in The Jungle

“People have moved into the container camp where there is a warm bed, but that is all. They can’t even make a cup of tea. There is nothing, no meeting place, no social life, no schools, no church, no mosque. There is nothing absolutely nothing.”

“I have my own special coffe. I drink one small cup every day to feel happy.

The Jungle - unofficial migrant camp

grill rack

CAP - container camp

stair

grill pot

stones

socket

plastic cup small pices of wood matches spatula

pot

cups water tank

wooden bench

coffee/tea space

Border Crossing File 4

Callais container reappropriation

A cup of coffee/tea , outdoors in Norway

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

“It's great to be driving around, realize I'm hungry, and pull over and make dinner.”

“If you want to save some monney it’s easy to fire up the Primus and make your own food.”

Norwegian festival

Camping in Norway

camping stove

camping stove

primus

gas tank

matches cookware spatula

socket

matches spatula

cups

cutlery

pot

cups bowls/plates cutlery water tank

bowls/plates camping chair

water tank

camping chair

table

Border Crossing Master Studio

Photo essay from field trip - Seeking Sanctuary exhibition Oslo

Is this a political statement or just lunch?

Is this a political statement or just lunch? The magazine

Painting the tables

Negotiation of space

Park-ing-day

Family migration history map

Student presentation at the Academy Workshop

Soup lunch

After Belonging

Border Crossing File 4

Photo essay from field trip - Paris

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

Studio meeting outside of Centre Pompidou

Taking down a makeshift camp in Avenue De Flandre

Avenue De Flandre

Avenue De Flandre

Tents and refugees in Avenue De Flandre

Traces of a makeshift camp - Stalingrad metro station

Temporary shelter outside Cimitére du Montparnasse

Temporary shelter outside Cimitére du Montparnasse

Temporary shelter outside Cimitére du Montparnasse

Border Crossing Master Studio

Photo essay from field trip - Callai

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View from the highest point - The Jungle

Former camp-site

The school inside the camp

The Jungle

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Conversation with the inhabitants of the Jungle

First meeting with Calais

The informal vs the formal

Border Crossing File 4

Photo essay from field trip - Olympic Stadium in Athens

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

The road to the Camp site

The Refugee Camp - In The former Olympic Stadium and Airport. Children playing

The Refugee Camp - In The former Olympic Stadium and Airport

On the street of Athens

Prosfykiga Housing Complex

The Refugee Camp - In The former Olympic Stadium and Airport

Batool from Afghanistan -Living in the Refugee Camp in the former Olympic Stadium

Fences in Athens

Meeting between a Norwegian Student and an Afghan girl, Living in the Refugee Camp in the former Olympic Stadium

Border Crossing Master Studio

Photo essay from field trip - Cherso transit center

Registration of passport

Life in transit - Separation of people

View from the outside

Life in transit

Life in transit

Cherso- The irony of a fence - open back door

Looking towards the camp

Inside the camp - Living conditions

Inside the camp - NGOs Barracks

Border Crossing File 4

Photo essay from field trip - Border zone/Serbia - Republic of Macedonia

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

Tabanovce Train station

A different way of crossing the border between The Republic of Macedonia and Serbia

The border situation between The Republic of Macedonia and Serbia.

Talk with the Military on the Republic of Macedonia side.

The border situation between The Republic of Macedonia and Serbia.

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Crossing the border to Kosovo from The Republic of Macedonia

7KH RI¿FLDO ERUGHU %HWZHHQ 6HUELD DQG WKH 5HSXEOLF RI Macedonia. Border crossing by foot.

7KH RI¿FLDO ERUGHU %HWZHHQ *UHHFH DQG WKH 5HSXEOLF RI Macedonia.

Collection of passport

Border Crossing Master Studio

Photo essay from field trip - Seeking Sanctuary exhibition Oslo

Border Crossing File 4

Urban context Paris metro

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

ORIGINAL USAGE OF ARCHITECTURE/IN FRASTRUCTURE OF THE CITY/We first analysed the architecture of the bridges and how citizens use them. There are some benches faceing green area, barriers between the street and pedestrian area which citizens use to lock their bicycles, and public-bike stops nearby the metro stations.

2.

1.

3.

+

OCCUPATION OF MIGRANTS/In the second ‘stage’, the territories under the bridges of the metro line are informally held by migrants who gather to find shelter. During the day, migrants guard their belongings and set up their sleeping places at night. Some of them earn money by selling corns with shopping carts, and others may just lean against with barriers or sit on them during the long waiting period. The area is transformed into a living space.

REACTION OF AUTHORITY/Authorities often try to prevent such informal settlements.

When they occur the police destroy them and arrest numerous migrants. They want to hide migrants from citizens and tourists and keep the image of Paris clean and save.

After the cleaning, they enclose and contain the spaces which were claimed as informal territories by setting up fences.

Instead of finding a solution the city gets less accessible and less beautiful for anyone than before. The fences prevents not only migrants but also citizens from using the spaces, while the occupation moves to another place and the same cycle happens again.

A wall.

I can’t walk through it any more!

To stop the incessant cycle, we try to blur and play with the roles of actors and audiences, and stimulate the negotiation between the three different groups. citizen

The barrier is not only physically built u l by police( authority),

authority

migrant

but also built by the citizens who don’t want to participate into the situation. Most of them just want to be the bystanders with antipathy.

actors

red curtain and stage

spotlight

There is something happening. I can see the movement.

Well, l now I need the lightt to read.

Chatting without light.

I can see someone walk along to street.

audiences

audience

actor

spotlight

red curtain

stage

red carpet

Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban context Paris metro

Negotiation in public space Arrivals, citizens, passersby User are maintainers ALL USERS

CONCEPT AND DESIGN Infrastructure of public transportation, such as bridges for the metro and the metro station itself play important roles in the modern cities. The area around Stalingrad and the 18th and 19th arrondissement are popular places where many migrants from Eritrea, Sudan and Afghanistan settle. Close to Stalingrad, in Gare du Nord, the train for the UK leaves. To observe how in such places the government and the police interact with the migrants but also with the citizens in general is an intriguing topic.

Our design and concept is focusing on the issues like the failed attempts to hide migrants and also the aloof attitude by the citizens towards the migrants. As people look at this situation with a distance and sometimes prejudice. We compared this situation to a theatre where citizens are the audience looking at the life of migrants (the actors). Different scenes happen under the bridges for example migrants who are sleeping, doing small businesses or the confrontations with the police.

Therefore we wanted to use transparent walls and spotlights to frame different situations under the bridge. We try to negotiate the fences that are put around the area by authorities by replacing them with the transparent screens migrants become unrecognizable from the outside but they are not hidden. It is possible to manipulate the images on the screen and to transform the space into a new public area.

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Border Crossing File 4

Urban context Paris metro

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

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Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban context Paris metro

LA CHAPELLE Weekend market.

We have a controable space to s l e e p during nights with lights.

Our design focuses on the social interaction between the 3 groups of people under the bridge.

As described before in the cycle there are 3 stages with three different users happening independently from each other. Our interest is to make a design that combines those three stages and stimulates the three users to interact in this space.

Our designs can be used in different ways so that it creates different spaces. Instead of three groups acting independently from each other it provokes communication and maybe cooperation between the users.

Who is changing the walls when and why? What does that mean for the other group?

Who becomes actor in which situation and who is becoming the audience?

LA CHAPELLEAround the area of la chapelle a lot of migrants set up tents underneath the bridges. With the sliding screens the space becomes negotiable. It can become a clear open space where people can pass through or a more intimate space where migrants find shelter.

STALINGRAD The second design is placed under the metrostation of Stalingrad and beside the basketballcourt. Spotlights are attached to the big screens which can be opened or closed. It discusses who is in the spotlight when and where. Who becomes the actor? When opening the screens the focus comes on the basketball player. Closed it forms a shelter where the actors shadows are projected on the wall. They are seen but not recognized

Hide the toilets and trash trucks for the appearance.

Weekend market!

G o o d access to walk through.

Bright street with shadow show. for migrants

Shadow show!

for citizens/migrants

for authority

STALINGRAD

I feel safe between the walls and I finally have light

I can control the area and the shadows also look beautiful

G o o d access to walk through. for migrants

for authority

for citizens

LA JAURE I feel safe in light.

Now we’re audience when we wait for the application.

With lights, we can see the shadow show.

Now we’re part of exhibition.

We’re actors!

Safe.

LA JAUREThe metrostation of Jauré is placed directly next to a reception center. During the day migrants queue up infront of the reception centre. While waiting they can be the audience looking at the stage underneath the bridge. Duing night the migrants settle undeneath the bridge and close the screens into different spaces.

day time

at night

Border Crossing File 4

Urban context Paris metro

Soft Floor Metro line number 2 in Paris travels between the west and east side of the city, for 12,4 km, along were the old city walls used to be. One part of the line, stretching 2 km between the metro stops Barbe Rochechouart and Jaurès, is built on a viaduct above street level. This creates a public room beneath the viaduct, which can give shelter from rain and sun. The last years, many refugees have seeked to this shelter and put up their tents here, which is not very popular among the neighbors.

The situation can enhance the viaduct as a border, dividing the neighborhood.

This project proposes a solution to make the space beneath the metro attractive to the neighbors, without excluding the present occupants of the space. A soft floor is suggested, comfortable to both walk, run, sit and lay down on. The soft floor would be stretching all along the 2 km high line, and connect to recreational areas in both ends. It would be an attractive axis to walk along for everyone who is tired of walking on endless pavements with hard asphalt, and for those seeking shelter from the weather. The soft floor would also be made into a landscape, which would be attractive for kids to play at, an for others to sit and lean against. People with tents would be weolcome, but only in marked areas, arranged so that the tents are along the side, and not occupying the middle of the walk way.

Misplaced tents would be removed, according to present practice.

Right: June 2015 Open, not occupied Middle: April 2016 Occupied Second middle: May 2016 Sealed off Bottom: Illustration e - Idea

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban context Paris metro

Map with proposed intervention showing in plan, and photos of

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Border Crossing File 4

Urban context Paris metro

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

present situation showing different challenges along the route.

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Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban context Paris metro

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Model 1:100 Model photos (a-d)

Border Crossing File 4

Urban Space and Migration

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

ELLINIKOS_JOY PARK CONTEXT The Ellinikon airport, built in 1938, served as the main international airport of Athens until 2001 when it was replaced by the new Venizelos airport further away from the city center. After the closure of the airport the site was used to host the 2004 summer olympics but was later abandoned and left in decay.

The old airport facilities and structures built for the olympics still exist and are currently used as a refugee camp.

The camp is funded by the EU and run by the Danish refugee council (DRC). There are aproximately 2500 people living in the camp, 95 percent of them from Afghanistan. The camp complies with the humanitarian standards, meaning for example that 3 daily meals, education and medical care are provided for the residents.

This work focuses on the border between the refugee camp and the local community, especially at the old airport terminal which in a way functions as the main building of the camp.

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Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban Space and Migration

ELLINIKOS AIRPORT HISTORY

Airport 1938

Olympic Games 2001

Airport Museum 2005

4 Refugee camps 2012

Futurre plans 2030

Joy park 2017

ACTIVITYS

TODAY Activity situation today around the main Airport terminal building. Where the refugees that live there are in a way isolated and the activities are far away from their living enviorment. Where they use the parking lot for playing and games.

FUTURE We want to add activitys to the howl abandoned airport two atract people from everywhere, locals, tourist and migrants. We are not moving the refugees in the time between today and the future development thatwill take place in the future. The chart show our intention to blend the activitys into the building and add it close to Their livings enviorment.

Border Crossing File 4

Urban Space and Migration

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

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Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban Space and Migration

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Border Crossing File 4

Urban Space and Migration

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

The City Plaza Hotel - Athens - Greece

City Plaza hotel Athens Building year 2004 Shut down in 2009 Squatted in April 2016 5600 m2 126 rooms Now housing 400 refugees 180 of these are children

By Victoria square in Athens, there are currently a hotel that has been squatted by activits and refugees after being empty for 7 years. It`S currently housing 400 refugees of different nationalities, but mostly families of Syrian or Afghan origin. Most of their activities happens between the four walls of the hotel. The hotel is barricaded from all sides because of earlier attacks from different hostile groups, and individuals. Who are negative to the refugee situation in Greece.

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Mapping and Process

Grocery market / Mini market Restaurant/Cafe/Bakery Pharmacy Merchandise shop Commercial service Cultural facility Km

City Plaza Hotel Parking spaces Parks and green areas Schools Cultural spaces Religious facilities Km

Early sketches and concept drawings of the plaza. By working with the ground we can make it more open, at the same time harder for bigger groups to gather around the Hotel

Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban Space and Migration

The Five Step Program

5: Expanding to urban scale

4: Tearing down

3: Taking over

2: Squatting the plaza

1: Spark the curiosity

Our program in five steps is made to open up the area around the plaza, and make the refugees interact more with the community.

The step will continue to have the safety of the refugees as the most important factor, but with gradually integrating them into the neighbourhood and make the area more inviting for the people of Athens. The interventions will gradually be of higher costs and have a bigger impact on the area visually. The fright and hostility towards refugees will go down, and in that way we canremove the borders surrounding the current hotel completely.

Financial costs Needed construction Opening hours

Step 1: Spark The Curiosity

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Step one is to tear down the fences surrounding the hotel and inviting the public into the backyard to interact with the residents of the hotel.

The goal for this step is to keep the cost as low as possible. By painting some facades red, and have markings on the ground and on walls around the block as indications for the future, we hope to spark the curiosity of the passing public in the area, and invite them in to the backyard. For the security reason, there will be the gate to make the plaza open during the daytime.

Part 1:The fences that currently are surrounding the backyard will be torn down and made into outdoor furniture.

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Border Crossing File 4

Urban Space and Migration

Bergen School of Architecture 2016

Step 2. Squatting The Plaza intrusion towards the car road to intrigue people

Differentiate private and public in different materials

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Transform and color the ground

In order to attract people, and to give the plaza a different atmosphere, it will be covered with red gravel with small islands of grass piles to sit on, etc. The grass works in two ways where it is a good place to relax and enjoy the sun, but also because of its different levels works to prevent bigger groups of demonstrations to be gathered and attack the hotel. It can also be combined with different water structures, but this has not been planned.

Having this playful design, we hope to attract children from the hotel to go out and play, as well as the neighborhood children that can meet and help integrate the refugee kids.

Step 3. Taking over NO TASTE, NO TEXTURE BUT THE BEST GROCERY STORE IN ATHENS

A farming garden is the best alternative to get rid of financial risk from developing this area that has no economy actions. therefore, the suggestion is using the abandoned building next to the hotel for the greenhouse.

The facade can be filled with vines which are more practical than painting the wall. The farming box can be installed on the second floor and third floor. The first floor which is not available to get enough sunshine can be utilized for Pop-up stores that asylum seekers can sell their talents or products to others.

On top of that, the internet page for selling/donating vegetations and herbs is able to subserve its financial problem.

CITY PLAZA GARDEN

about shop vegetable donation contact

CUCUMBERS

CARROTS

PAPRIKAS

TOMATOS

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30€ the website for donation

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pop-up stores

taking over

plaza

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Border Crossing Master Studio

Urban Space and Migration

Step 4. Tearing down

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To make the plaza open space, it needs enlarged passage which stimulates more people to come inside the plaza. So, we design tearing down unnecessary part of the hotel and green house. Making the new pasage in the hotel will create broaden open space. On top of that, we cut it with diagonal lines by minimizing tearing down because of the financial issue, opening space on the first floor and then covering with a transparent plastic panel. As it has extended entrance and gets the level of security, the plaza can be opened for 24 hours.

Step 5. Expansion to urban scale

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When the plaza expands towards surrounding area to a bigger scale and dominates the car roads, it results in changing the whole of the atmosphere of the city with diverse activities by pedestrians. Eventually, people will get the liveable lifestyle in the plaza area and integrate with others, some of them are especially unintended neighborhoods.