Bradwell Park Student Design Considerations

Bradwell Park H I N ESV I L L E , G EO R G I A

LAND 6030 STUDENT D ES I G N C O N S I D E RAT I O N S College of Environment + Design

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Bradwell Park Design Considerations P R OJ EC T BAC KG R O U N D

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estled along Georgia’s hundred miles of golden coastline, the City of Hinesville serves as the growing seat of Liberty County and home of Fort Stewart, the largest US Army installation east of the Mississippi River. With explosive growth from the 1950s onward, Hinesville faces a number of issues stemming from rapid growth, including the treatment of stormwater runoff. Following decades of sprawling growth, residents and leaders now seek to rediscover and reinvest in the community’s historic downtown. With continued growth on the way, Hinesville officials sought the assistance of the University of Georgia’s Carl Vinson Institute of Government to help create a plan that would bring energy and life to the downtown area. The result of this collaboration, the Hinesville Renaissance Strategic Vision and Plan (RSVP), incorporates the voices of community members, civic leaders, business owners, and major downtown stakeholders to create a cohesive, community-supported concept for the future. Supported by partners including the Georgia Municipal Association and the Georgia Cities Foundation, this document creates a roadmap for a more vibrant and community-focused downtown.

Although many issues were identified during the RSVP process, nearly all citizens agreed on a single top priority: creating a vibrant downtown with a diverse array of dining, family-friendly activities, and entertainment options. As part of this vision, many community members wanted Hinesville’s central Bradwell Park transformed from an overlooked and underperforming square into a centerpiece for the community. With concepts developed from plans included the Hinesville RSVP, in September N ONTE TS of 2019, students from the University of Georgia C College of Environment and Design develOF oped 16 unique visions for this important LE public space.

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A B O U T T H E P R OJ EC T

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S T U D E N T D ES I G N S

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F I N A L P L A N D ES I G N 3 9 | Existing Footprint 4 1 | Final Plan 4 2 | Perspectives

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tudents from UGA’s College of Environment & Design’s Sustainability Studio were invited to prepare plans for downtown Hinesville’s Bradwell Park. Students spent time at the coast as part of the studio and their ecology class. This field study allowed students to examine coastal context and ecology to inform their design. The design effort commenced with Ro Krueger from the Hinesville Downtown Development Authority providing background about the community. This furthered information Danny Bivins presented as part of the Hinesville Renaissance Strategic Vision and Plan (RSVP) that set up opportunities for park redesign. John Baker kindly led students on a downtown walking tour where he shared opportu¬nities and constraints that informed park redesign. Students were also tasked with creatively managing stormwater to support an effort led by Scott Pippin. As part of this effort, students worked to improve the quality of runoff from urban areas that drain to Peacock Creek as part of a federally funded water improvement project.

The first step of park redesign included creating an inventory of existing conditions.

Students measured, sketched, and photographed park elements and chatted with a few stakeholders while enjoying lunch at restaurants adjacent to the park. Next, students created a program that solidified existing and proposed uses within the park. With a program in hand, students could analyzed the site to prioritize or exclude program¬matic elements to inform design. Individual student-led designs celebrated the uniqueness of downtown Hinesville with by preserving some of the functions such as: • Tactical public art

• Adding canopy shading

• Large and small gathering spaces

• Treating and routing the first 1.8 inches of rainwater that falls onto the park site in ecorevelatory ways to promote green infrastructure

• Retaining existing vegetation • Adding indigenous plants • Seamlessly tying into the vehicular and porous pedestrian circulation systems

Many of the plans on the following pages skillfully incorporate these program¬matic elements in ways that reinforce alignment among design elements. Jurors remarked that each plan produced an element that, when combined, gives rise to a park design that celebrates public art and provides a variety of usable and functional spaces. Together these elements might inspire adjacent landowners to fully embrace their relationship with the park. In addition to improving the social elements, such as retaining a simi¬lar gazebo space, the designs supported ecological objectives that use indigenous plants to promote pollinators and help treat, cool, and slow stormwater runoff. As you page through the following designs, you can see that students played a criti¬cal part informing park design evocative of the coastal area that will be enjoyed by many who will have the chance to use the park in their own way.

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Students made a site visit to Bradwell Park that informed their final designs.

We gratefully acknowledge: • The Office of Service-Learning at the University of Georgia for travel support • The Center for Research and Education for lodging and coastal overview • Amy Schuler from Coastal Wildscapes who introduced students to the wide variety of indigenous plants • Dr. Clark Alexander of the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography for coastal research updates • The University of Georgia's Marine Extension open house where helpful staff shared the many treasures the coast has to offer • Tom Bliss of UGA Marine Extension discussed coastal issues with the students • Boat captains Rob Hein and John Pelli toured students down the Savannah River as they assisted on a research project to better understand coastal ecology and subsequently inform their individual designs • Keren Giovengo and her plant database, Ecoscapes, which all but insured successful native plant selection • The learning landscape at Cay Creek Wetlands, designed by Savannah landscape architect Thomas Angel, which provided a slice through the coastal landscape gradient that informed planting design as well • Danny Bivins and Scott Pippin, faculty members at the Carl Vinson Institute of Government, who educated students about Hinesville and water quality issues and happily juried student presentations • Designer Kaitlin Messich and Graphic Designer Allison Cape at the Carl Vinson Institute of Government for design assistance and report layout

Go Dawgs,

Jon Calabria, PhD, ASLA

| A B O U T T H E C L AS S LAND 6030 Nature and Sustainability Studio is centered around concepts of nature and their implications for landscape architecture, with particular emphasis on the issue of sustainability. Projects throughout the course were selected to investigate alternative design strategies in a variety of environment from wilderness to city center.

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Green Development at the HiLi P L A N N I N G A S U S TA I N A B L E F U T U R E FO R H I N ESV I L L E , G A JOSH GOEDEN

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inesville, Georgia is a community with a rich history. In order to ensure its longevity, the city reached out to UGA to assist in planning for social, economic, and environmental sustainability. The goal of this project, through a 319 Grant created by the Clean

Water Act, was to work in conjunction with the existing downtown development concept to reduce stormwater runoff into the polluted Peacock Creek. This shows my design concept for Bradwell Park - the heart of the downtown. It works to implement green infrastructure to achieve the goals of the grant as well as activate downtown through the addition of streetscape plantings, public spaces adjacent to existing attractions, and flexible event spaces that work with existing parking and circulation. In addition to the park concept, the diagram below shows where these streetscape treatments can be repeated throughout downtown as funding becomes available. By first revitalizing the core of the downtown and then expanding upon this design, it is my hope that Hinesville will be socially and environmentally prepared to continue thriving long into the future.

PLANT R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S

To L ib

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Veterans' Memorial Park Potential Site for Public Recreation Building

Future Expansion of Downtown Public Space Flexible Street/Event Space

The BaconFraser House

Proposed Artist Alley Walk Bradwell Park

Main Street Park

Old Jail

Raingardens Capture Downtown Runoff Before Hwy 84

Potential Park Development Along Proposed Bike Trail

Expose Drainage Channel and Treat with Raingarden

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Concept Boundary

Existing Street- No Change

One-Way Street

Attraction

Streetscape Template 1

Existing Drainage Channel

Off-street Raingarden

Streetscape Template 2

Potential Bike Trail

Grasses:

Canopy Trees:

Eragrostis elliottii Juncus effusus Panicum amarum Panicum virgatum Spartina patens

Acer rubrum Betula nigra Catalpa bignoniodes Juniperus virginiana Liguidamba styraciflua Nyssa sylvatica

Forbs: Amsonia ciliata Asclepias tuberosa Baptisia alba Gaillardia pulchella Helianthus debilis Oenethera humifusa Opuntia pusilla Osmunda cinnamomeum Rudbeckia hirta Salvia coccinea Solidago sempervivens

Accent Trees: Cercis canadensis Chionathus virginicus Ilex opaca Magnolia grandiflora

Shrubs: Cephalanthus occidentalis Morella cerifera Serenoa repens Vaccinium arboreum

Hinesville welcome signage punctuates sightline along Court St.

Accent tree anchors corner and invites movement across the downtown

Courtyard space provides inviting location for a new restaurant

HiLi signage feature Updated infrastructure improves access from main parking lot

RG2

RG1

RG1

RG1

RG1

Art alley developed to display local works and serve as vendor space for events

RG7 RG6

Park alleyway redesigned as a pedestrian street with enhanced connections to new and existing restaurants

RG5

RG10 Commerce St. converted to oneway to reduce traffic conflict with Bradwell Park

Splashpad replaces existing fountain RG11

RG10

Renovated parking lot for government offices and downtown businesses

Existing gazebo restored and relocated

RG12

Peace pole

RG10

Accented corridor connecting government offices and renovated parking lot

RG13

RG15

Streetscape 2: Boulevard strips converted to raingardens that are planted with an alternating street tree pattern

Alley connects renovated parking lot and provides outdoor seating for adjacent restaurants

RG9

RG8

Bradwell Park: Existing planting beds excavated to serve as raingardens with plantings that form a gradient of coastal ecosystems (dune, maritime forest, transitional marsh, and tidal marsh)

Educational raingarden feature with integrated seat walls

Intersection bump-outs serve to slow traffic and allow for increased curbside space for local businesses

RG3 RG4

Squeeze alley connection into Bradwell Park

Peace pole

Peace pole

RG1

Peace pole

Streetscape 1: Turn lane is replaced with planted medians and tree planters become a series of rain gardens with seat walls in front of existing businesses

Old car wash redeveloped into an outdoor event space

Midway St. becomes a flexible parking area that can be closed to host large outdoor events (concerts, farmer's markets, etc.)

Porous pavement

Streetscape 2: Boulevard strips converted to raingardens that are planted with an alternating street tree pattern

RG18 RG14 RG19

RG16

Peace pole

Additional parking for businesse and large events

RG17 Drain implemented to redirect excess street runoff into RG17

Street trees added to provide shade and frame view into Bradwell Park

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90

180

270

SCALE: 1” = 90’-0”

Streetscape 1

Bradwell Park

Streetscape 2

Green Infrastructure Performance Data RG Number Watershed Area Curve Number Total Runoff Area Raingarden Area +/‐ Capacity Notes

1 1,394.98 98.00 228.00 313.50 85.50

2 237.64 98.00 38.67 71.56 32.89

3 2,053.00 74.00 52.00 112.57 60.57

4 273.71 98.00 45.33 71.64 26.31

5 6 7 8 9 1,299.11 981.32 1,177.83 867.08 420.30 97.00 90.00 89.00 95.00 91.00 200.00 93.33 104.00 117.33 42.67 74.78 80.23 80.23 80.23 111.29 ‐125.22 ‐13.10 ‐23.77 ‐37.10 68.62 Excess piped Excess piped to RG11 to RG10

10 824.28 98.00 134.67 503.17 368.50

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 7,829.44 7,036.46 8,461.56 3,319.45 1,234.75 2,044.22 5,911.67 98.00 95.00 94.00 98.00 98.00 98.00 98.00 1,280.00 946.67 1,061.33 542.67 201.33 334.67 966.67 2,894.97 1,652.55 2,070.89 499.13 151.03 948.65 3,048.20 1,614.97 705.88 1,009.56 ‐43.54 ‐50.30 613.98 2,081.53 Excess outlets to street gutter

18 185.58 98.00 30.67 104.18 73.51

19 3,317.77 98.00 542.67 222.17 ‐320.50 Excess to street

TOTAL 48,870.15 94.89 6,962.67 13,090.97 6,128.30

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Reinvestment in Bradwell Park A C E N T RA L C O R E TO D OW N TOW N H I N ESV I L L E ,G EO R G I A E M I LY W H I S E N A N T

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radwell Park in the city of Hinesville, Georgia anchors the city’s historic downtown. A reinvestment in Bradwell Park activates downtown’s central core and creates both a landmark and a destination for Hinesville. This design strives to strike a balance between economic, social, and environmental benefits. Economical, the proposed Live Oak fountain creates a motive for people to spend time downtown, where they are then more likely to shop and dine. Socially, the design provides multiple spaces for varying social interaction. Movable seating allows freedom of movement and gathering spaces such as the gazebo and fountain encourage community interaction. Environmentally, the park is designed to treat storm water runoff from both the park and its adjacent roadways. The four large rain gardens infiltrate 100% of their watersheds, the pathways consist of permeable pavers that allow for infiltration, and all vegetation is composed of native plantings that provide greater ecological benefits.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Full Sun Grasses

Part Sun Perennials

Bushy Bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus) Toothache Grass (Ctenium aromaticum) Common Rush (Juncus effusus)

Coastal Joe Pye (Eupatoriadelphus dubius)

Full Sun Perennials Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Southern Blue Flag (Iris virginica) Scarlet Rosemallow (Hibiscus coccineus)

Part Sun Grasses Common Rush (Juncus effusus) Shallow sedge (Carex lurida) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

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Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)

Full-Part Sun Shrubs Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera) Hearts-a-burstin (Euonymus americanus) Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)

Trees Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)

SECTION VIEW

M I D WA Y STRE

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MERC E STRE

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PROPOSED LIVE OAK SCULPTURE A N D C O M M U N I T Y F O U N TA I N

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529 sq. ft. Rain Garden Treating 100% of its 120 sq. ft. of runoff

Brick permeable paving, with concrete borders

Turf Lawn Colorful, movable cafe table and chairs A

Concrete seat wall

Concrete seat wall

460 sq. ft. Rain Garden Treating 100% of its 283 sq. ft. of runoff

Existing Live Oak

Extended 10’ sidewalk A1 45 degree angled parking Proposed mid-block crosswalk

1053 sq. ft. Rain Garden Treating 100% of its 107 sq. ft. of runoff

Relocated existed gazebo

Existing Live Oak

Canopy tree, see plant list

Mulched ground cover

361 sq. ft. Rain Garden Treating 100% of its 80 sq. ft. of runoff

EMLK

ING JR

DR Scale: 1”=10’-0”

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Renovation of Bradwell Park LIGHT UP THE NIGHT A D E DA M O L A O K U N M A D E WA

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his project is a segment of a bigger project to renovate the downtown area of Hinesville, Georgia. Bradwell Park is located at the center of the downtown area and serves as a community public event space for the city. My redesign for Bradwell Park is focused on bringing high quality scenic values to the downtown and stormwater runoff treatment. The vegetation edges are inspired by the coastal deltas of Georgia, this is only befitting as Hinesville is situated in close proximity to the coast. The night time lights are provided to bring color to the city downtown at night, which adds illuminating aesthetics. I designed 9% of the park as rain gardens to treat storm water runoff. Plant selections were based on fall color, summer and spring blooms, and winter shed to bring a different aesthetic look to the park all year round.

I introduced a playground to encourage kids to make use of the park too.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Trees

Grass

Red Maple, Acer rubrum Live Oak, Quercus virginiana American Holly, Ilex opaca Persian Parrotia, Parrotia persica

Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis

Shrubs Creeping blueberry, Vaccinium crassifolium Sweetscent, Pluchea odorata Sweet acacia, Acacia farnesiana Inkberry, Ilex glabra

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Rain Garden Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum Gulfhairawn muhly, Muhlenbergia filipes Shallow sedge, Carex lurida Sand cordgrass, Spartina bakeri Saltmeadow cordgrass, Spartina patens Eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides

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Bradwell Park LOW M A I N T E N A N C E M E A D OW ANDIE CULBERTSON

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n this design for Bradwell Park, the planting beds are designed to be low maintenance by using a meadow aesthetic. By mixing perennial vegetation with varying seasonal interest, little maintenance should be needed. Additionally, the vegetation should be allowed to grow without interruption to add to the natural aesthetic.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S 1) Raingarden mix 1

2) Raingarden mix 2

4) Tall graminoids

6) Tall forb/grass mix

Raingarden

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3) Herbaceous flowering mix

5) Short gramanoids

7) Partial Shade

Relocated donated benches

8) Deep shade

Large wood seating

Relocated gazebo

SECTION VIEW

Total drainage area: 5,281 sf Runoff volume: 322 cf Raingarden size: 1,550 cf Raingarden area percentage: 22%

Total drainage area: 678 sf Runoff volume: 83 cf Raingarden size: 276 cf Raingarden area percentage: 31%

Pervious pavement event space

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2 Pervious pavement

3 Permeable parking and event space

Large wood seating

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Exiting Live Oak

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5 Total drainage area: 7,537 sf Runoff volume: 13 cf Raingarden size: 790 cf Raingarden area percentage: 8%

Naturalistic water feature

Removable bollards

SCALE: 0

10

20

40

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A raingarden not needed for runoff of the lower third of the park.

However, road run off directly south of Bradwell Park should be drained into this raingarden for treatment.

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Bradwell Park Renewal A P L AC E FO R C U LT U R E A N D T H E A RT S ANNA MARIE SCOCCIMARO

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radwell Park is the central space for meetings of culture and arts in Hinesville.

This design considers not only how the space has been used in the past, but also the potential for how the space could be used in the future. As a multi-purpose site, this design features open and curvilinear “rooms” with copious shade for pedestrians and raingardens for stormwater management. The “rooms” in the park are large enough to hold multiple tents for the farmer’s market and other events. While Hinesville is in the coastal region of Georgia, it is not directly on the coast. In order to bring the culture of the coast to the site, this alternative features plants unique and signature to the coast of Georgia. The live oak that anchors the space is preserved in this design alternative not only for ecological reasons, but also to create a more coastal aesthetic on the site. The water sculpture fountain and renovated gazebo not only fit within the architecture and coastal milliea of downtown, but also bring a modern and fresh design facet to the site.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Full Sun Grasses

Full-Part Sun Shrubs

Sand Cordgrass (Spartina bakeri) Grassy arrowhead (Sagittariagraminea)

Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera) American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum)

Full Sun Perennials Pickerelweed (Pontedariacordate) Bladderworts (Utricularia spp.)

Ferns Bracken fern (Pteridiumaquilinum)

Trees Live oak (Quercus virginiana) Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) Red Bay (Perseaborbonia)

Cinnamon Fern (Osmundastrumcinna momeum)

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SECTION VIEW

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Creating a Coastal Hinesville R E- I M AG I N I N G B RA DW E L L PA R K FO R R I S I N G S E A L E V E L S N ATA L I E G L A Z E

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his project aims to redesign Bradwell Park to create a more enjoyable and sustainable place for the residents in Hinesville, Georgia. Proximity to the Georgia coast provides the inspiration for this design with aesthetics but also in planting choice and the important consideration for rising sea levels that will one day affect the city of Hinesville. An integral piece of this design includes the use of Reciprocating Wetland technology to mimic daily tides to filtrate storm water. Reciprocating Wetlands technology, patented by the Tennessee Valley Authority, mimics and accelerates natural tidal processes to quickly and efficiently treat wastewater. The RecCip system uses a fill-anddrain process based on daily tidal cycles, where each cell contains specialized aggregates and hydroponic plants creating an ideal habitat for treatment biofilms. The systems are not only attractive but also odor free, low-maintenance, and have a compact footprint.

They are designed to treat 300,000 gallons per day. In this project, there are five proposed RecCip planters that will be planted with Spartina and Black Needle Rush with the goal of treating storm water and bring the coast to Hinesville. Ultimately, the goal of this project is to prepare the city for climate change and reconnect Hinesville to its coastal heritage.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S TREES Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) Water Tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Red Maple (Acer rubrum)

RAIN GARDEN

Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) Virginia Iris (Iris virginica) White Wild Indigo (Baptisia alba) Lizard’s Tail (Saururus cernuus) Marsh Blue Violet (Viola cucullata) Seaside Goldenrod (Solidago semperviens) Purple Passionflower (Passionflora incarnata) Switch Grass (Panicum virgatum) Muhley Grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris)

Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)

Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparian)

MARSH PLANTINGS Spartina (Spartina alterniflore) Black Needle Rush (Juncus roemerianus)

SECTION VIEW

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Redevelopment of Bradwell Park A H I S TO R I C PA R K I N H I N ESV I L L E , G EO R G I A P R A N I S H A K A R M AC H A RYA

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radwell Park is the only public park that lies in the central core of downtown Hinesville. The main objective of the Bradwell Park Redevelopment Project is to create a space for people, considering all the factors such as social, economical and environmental, and to motivate people to stay longer in the downtown area.

The proposed design of Bradwell Park is focused on providing social green spaces for citizens with rectangular symmetrical designs that compliment the classical architecture of the historic downtown. The central sunken plaza around the existing live oak provide enough seating space for people, which facilitates either resting or interaction.

Along with that, shaded pergolas and the redesigned gazebo provide additional seating spaces. A long circulating water pool and interactive water feature mitigates heat in the park area. Introduction of wetland plants in the water pool and in the raingarden helps provide information to the people about native plants in the coastal area and their importance. The elevated deck area and open space in the park provide space for various occasions such as additional booth space for the farmer’s market, art exhibitions, night events, or live music. Additionally, the use of permeable surfaces and raingarden helps with stormwater management.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Trees

Floating Wetland Plants

Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Sweetgum (Liquidamber styraciflua) Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Pickerel Weed (Pontederia cordata) Seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia) Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) Soft Rush (Juncus effusus)

Flowering Plants

Raingarden Plants

Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) Virginia Sweetspire (Itea virginiana) Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Common Spiderwort (Tradescantia ohioensis) Summersweet (Clethra alnifolia)

Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis) White Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia)

Tropical Plants Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Bigleaf Magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla)

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Peace Poles

Interactive Water Feature

Pergola

Pergola

Open Plaza

Sunken Plaza Circulating Water Pool

Booth Space for farmer’s market/Food truck during events

Parallel Parking

Elevated Deck

Grass Turf

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A Stepped Seating Area

Floating Wetlands

Proposed Raingarden Area = 1456.96 Sq. Ft Required Raingarden Area (For Stormwater Management)= 522.72 Sq. Ft

Permeable Pavement-Stone

Gazebo Raingarden

BRADWELL PARK-ILLUSTRATIVE B RA DW E L L PA R K I L LU S T RAT I VPLAN E PLAN

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Bradwell Park Revitalization RUOLIN GU

Located in the center of downtown Hinesville, Bradwell Park is an ideal recreational destination. The idea of the design is to revitalize the downtown area and create an environment-friendly park that manages the runoff in the adjacent area. The topography of the Bradwell Park redesign is terraced from the highest plaza to the lowest stormwater wetland. It ensures the park could collect runoff in the adjacent area as much as possible.

There are two shallow rusty metal water channels on the ground of the gravel plaza. On a rainy day, the channels could efficiently drain the rainwater from the gravel ground to the rain gardens. The two triangle shape rain gardens could collect runoff from both the plaza and the adjacent area. Since the west side of the site is close to local restaurants, outdoor seating is placed on the edge of the rain garden. On the east side of the park, terraced lawns, stairs and a splash pad make it a decent location for citizens to gather. During the farmer's market, the stairs and lawns provide a place for people to relax. The water feature in the south of the park is separated into two parts. The section with the splash pad aims to encourage people to interact with the water and revitalize the park. Separated by a bridge, the other part is a stormwater wetland located in the lowest point of the park. Because of the terraced topography, the stormwater wetland would catch the rest of the runoff.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Southern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola) Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) Sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum)

For Stormwater Wetland: Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)

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For Rain Garden: River Birch (Betula nigra) Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Swamp Rosemallow (Hibiscus grandiflorus) Southern Blue Flag (Iris virginica) Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinals) Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis) Common Rush (Juncus effusus)

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GAZABO PLAZA

GRAVEL PLAZA, GAZABO & WATER CHANNEL

BRIDGE

RAIN GARDEN

RAIN GARDENS & BRIDGE

RAIN GARDEN

LAWN

LAWN

STORMWATER WETLAND

SPLASH PAD AND STORMWATER WETLAND

SPLASH PAD

PLAN VIEW SCALE: 1”=10’-0”

OUTDOOR SEATING, TERRACED LAWN & STAIRS

BRADWELL PARK

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Bradwell Park Y U N Z H E WA N G

VEGETATION

LEISURE

MEANDERING

MICROTOPOGRAPHY

WATER

Bradwell Park, located in downtown Hinesville, is currently underutilized.

This design is focused on activating the urban space while treating the stormwater runoff in the park and surrounding streetscape.

Planting list for Rain Garden Several design features are being used to encourage residents to visit and stay in the park. The interactive water fountain will attract kids and teenagers while parents can watch their kids from the curved bench. The stage will allow this park to hold a few outdoor activities for this community; Planting list for the Pollinator Garden raised lawn is designed to allow people at the back have a better view during performances. A small round-shaped planting bed is designed for circulation purposes and will also attracting pollinators.

Lanceleaf Tickseed - Coreopsis lanceolata

Swamp Sunflower - Helianthus angustifolius

Swamp Sunflower - Helianthus angustifolius

Butterfly Milkweed - Asclepias tuberosa

Halberdleaf Rosemallow

lyreleaf Sage

Planting lis

Sweetbay - Magnolia v

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Planting list for Rain Garden Lanceleaf Tickseed - Coreopsis lanceolata

Runoff Volume: 1469 CF Required Rain Garden Area: 1958 SF

Swamp Sunflower - Helianthus angustifolius

171.4%

3357 SF

Halberdleaf Rosemallow - Hibiscus laevis

Proposed Rain Garden Area:

Blue Mistflower - Conoclinium coelestinum

Broomsedge Bluestem - Andropogon virginicus Indiangrass - Sorghastrum nutans

Additional Drainage Area: 8386 SF

Planting list for Pollinator Garden Swamp Sunflower - Helianthus angustifolius

Butterfly Milkweed - Asclepias tuberosa

lyreleaf Sage - Salvia lyrata

Wild Blue Phlox - Phlox divaricata `

Planting list for Sensory Garden Sweetbay - Magnolia virginiana

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Anisescented Goldenrod - Solidago odora

Atamasco lily - Zephyranthes atamasca

Pinkladies - Oenothera speciosa

Downy Lobelia - Lobelia puberula

Coastal Sweetpepperbush - Clethra alnifolia

PLAN VIEW

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SECTION VIEW

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City of Hinesville Downtown Rejuvenation S TO R M WAT E R M A N AG E M E N T O R I E N T E D D ES I G N SHIHUI DENG

The City of Hinesville, Georgia is located near the coast, which determines specific coastal features. In order to provide a more amiable livelihood for both of the communities and the visitors, Hinesville seeks to rejuvenate the downtown area by leveraging Bradwell Park to attract residents and visitors.

This design showcases a possibility that by introducing the rain gardens which initiated the native plant strategy, and the interactive water features, to contract the social factors and site properties. In lieu of occupying the limited land for gardens, this design attempts to create two layers in order to leave a space for human activities. The lower layer is built concave for water retention and growing plants. The upper layer is made with permeable materials that allow water to infiltrate. With the land area optimization strategy, this proposal seeks to create an artistic landmark, as well as a comfortable public space.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Full Sun Grasses

Full-Part Sun Shrubs

Hammock snackroot Switchgrass

Cleyera Cryptomeria

Full Sun Perennials

Loropetalum

Asclepias tuberosa (butterfly weed) Ajuga reptans (bugleflower)

Trees

Part Sun Grasses Andropogon gyrans

Part Sun Perennials

Carya aquatica Water Hickory Fraxinus profunda pumpkin Ash Georgia Hackberry Water Locust

Splitbeard Bluestem

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SECTION VIEW

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Bradwell Boardwalk E N J OY M E N T. EC O LO GY. E L E VAT E D DAV I D E VA N S

The Bradwell Boardwalk maximizes stormwater treatment and infiltration by elevating most of the social spaces above the ground plane. A classic coastal boardwalk puts patrons at ease by reminding them of Hinesville’s nearby seashore. A combination of open plazas and smaller, more intimate vantage points support a range of park uses from social gatherings to a restful lunch. Permeable turf pavers on the eastern edge of the Boardwalk provide green space and parking for the regular farmer’s market while larger spaces on the Boardwalk provide spaces for additional tables to be set up.

Rain gardens on-site are capable of treating and infiltrating 1115 c.f. per day, or 156% of the required water quality volume. The Boardwalk’s watershed extends up to the corner of Midway and Main Street to the northwest by means of curb cuts and storm drains that convey runoff into the rain gardens.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S

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Rain Gardens

Shrubs

Butterfly Milkweed (Aesclepias tuberosa) Eastern Bluestar (Amsonia taberaemontana) Lanceleaf Tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata) Southern Coastal Violet (Viola septemloba)

Coastal Joe Pye (Eupatoriadelphus dubius) Inkberry (Ilex glabra) Swamp Doglaurel (Leucothoe axillaris) Service Berry (Amelanchier arborea)

Rain Garden Ecotones

Trees

Sand Cordgrass (Spartina backeri) Switch Grass (Panicum virgatum) Muhly Grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris) Firewheel (Gaillardia puchella) Spotted Beebalm (Monarda puncata)

Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) Sourwood (Oxydendron arboreum) Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)

SECTION VIEW

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Hill Park in Bradwell Park I N T E R ES T I N G C I T Y C O R E DINGNING YU

The redesign for Bradwell Park is called “Hill and Pond Park�and it contains micro-topographies to attract both children and animals such as butterflies and birds. The size of the site is about 70 feet wide and 220 feet long. Since 70 feet wide and 70 feet long is a comfortable size for people to see everything, the site is divided into 3 parts and each contains a rain garden to collect runoff. bench I hope that children can feel free to lie down on the hills and enjoy the sunshine. The hills are all around 2-5 feet high so children of all ages can find their own hill. There is a large oak tree on the site which is about 60 so hillfeet 2 feettall high the design protects this tree. In order to have farmer's market activities on this site, benches and gazebos are provided. gazebo

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Full Sun Grasses

Part Sun Perennials

Bushy Bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus) Seaoats (Uniola paniculata) Common Rush (Juncus effusus)

American beutyberry (Callicarpa Americana) Inkberry (Ilex glabra) Virginia sweetspire (Itea Virginica)

Full Sun Perennials Common fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus) Common serviceberry (Amelanchier Aborea)

Part Sun Grasses

Full-Part Sun Shrubs Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera)

Trees Laurel Oak (Quercus Laurifolia)

Common Rush (Juncus effusus) Hop sedge (Carex gigantea) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

SECTION VIEW

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hill 4feet high

bench

hill 2 feet high

gazebo

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Bradwell Park Sustainability Plan T H E EC OTO P E E X P E R I E N C E B R I A N M E LC H I O N N I

The conceptual foundation for the Bradwell Park Sustainability design is grounded in the smallest ecological divisions of the Coastal Plain Ecoregion, also known as ecotopes. Representative plant communities from three ecotopes define the overall planting design, highlighting common species. The relationships between the ecotopes also display the need to educate the public on coastal resilience futures in which climate change may see shifting ecological and social communities along the Georgia coast. The educational component will be focused on signage that tangibly demonstrates how water moves through the landscape along the prominent park-long water feature, from headwaters to wetland.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S ECOTOPES

RAIN GARDEN Butterfly milkweed White false indigo Lanceleaf tickseed Joe pye weed Firewheel Swamp sunflower Scarlet rosemallow Common rush Spotted beebalm Lyreleaf sage Little bluestem Seaside goldenrod Eastern gamagrass

Asclepias tuberosa Baptisia alba Coreopsis lanceolata Eupatorium purpureum Gaillardia pulchella Helianthus angustifolius Hibiscus coccineus Juncus effusus Monarda punctata Salvia lyrata Schizachyrium scoparium Solidago sempervirens Tripsacum dactyloides

DRY OAK WOODLAND Live Oak, Sand Laurel Oak, Dwarf Palmetto, Sparkleberry, Licorice goldenrod, American beautyberry SMALL STREAM FLOODPLAIN Sweet bay, Red maple, Swamp rose, Virginia willow, Sensitive fern, Cinnamon fern FRESHWATER WETLAND Pond cypress, Eastern rose-mallow, buttonbush, Common rush, Pickerelweed, Bladderwort

Soil Mix Pea Gravel Subbase Permeable Pavers

Inlet Grate Road Surface

Seat Wall Rain Garden

Perforated Underdrain

Soil Media Mix

Inlet Box

Undisturbed Soil

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Aggregate

S TO R M WAT E R T R E E T R E N C H A N D RA I N G A R D E N | S EC T I O N V I E W

Pavilion

Permeable Pavers

DN

Headwaters Feature

Farmer’s Market Booths Shade Bosque

Turf

Downspout Planter

Rain Gardens

Seat Walls

Tree Trench Grate Hophornbeam Tree Trench Allee

Turf

Pedestrian Walk

Viewing Boardwalk

Existing Live Oak

DN

DN

Stormwater Inlet Grate

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Bradwell Park D OW N TOW N H I N ESV I L L E , G EO R G I A SA A D I A R A I S

This conceptual storm water park design includes 627 square feet of rain garden space, adding both beauty and sustainability to the streets of downtown Hinesville.

An enchanting existing Like Oak has been incorporated into the design, with additional shade provided by a pergola covered in vining Carolina Jessamine perfect for picnics and photo shoots. The park also features a Pickerel Weed pool with signage to educate visitors about nearby wetlands, a turf lawn for recreational activities and events, Georgia granite benches for ample seating within the park, flowering and fruiting shrubs under the live oak canopy, and streetside redbud trees planted in Silva cells for comfortable, shady streetside parking. All plantings in this design are native to the state of Georgia.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina Jessamine

Hydrangea quercifolia Oakleaf Hydrangea

Pontedaria cordata Pickerel Weed

Panicum virgatum Switch Grass

Callicarpa americana American Beautyberry

Monarda didyma Scarlet Bee Balm

Lyonia lucida Fetterbush

Liatris pycnostachya Prairie Blazing Star

Amelanchier stolonifera Running Serviceberry

Juncus effusus Soft Rush

Blooms February - April. Fragrant, evergreen vine. Attracts hummingbirds, butterflies, and other pollinators.

Blooms June - October. Native marsh plant.

Attracts butterflies and other pollinators.

Blooms June - August. Bright purple berries provide winter interest. Attracts birds.

Blooms March - May. Fragrant, showy flowers.

Evergreen shrub.

Blooms May. Edible berries. Brilliant fall color.

SECTION VIEW

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Blooms May - July. Brilliant fall color. Dry flower heads provide winter interest.

Rain garden plant. Dry seed pannicles provide winter interest. Attracts birds.

Rain garden plant. Blooms July - August. Attracts hummingbirds, butterflies, and other pollinators.

Rain garden plant. Blooms July - August.

Attracts birds, hummingbirds, butterflies, and other pollinators.

Rain garden plant. Blooms June - August.

Provides vertical textural interest.

CAROLINA JESSAMINE PERGOLA WITH RAIN GARDENS

MIDWAY STREET PICKEREL WEED POOL

COMMERCE STREET

RECREATION LAWN

EXISTING LIVE OAK

STREETSIDE TREES

RAIN GARDEN

CAROLINA JESSAMINE PERGOLA

RAIN GARDEN

MARTIN LUTHER KING DRIVE 33

Bradwell Park Re-Design “ N OW I N I T S T E N T H S E AS O N , T H E M A R K E T [ H E L D AT B RA DW E L L PA R K ] H AS B EC O M E T H E T H U R S DAY N I G H T “ P L AC E TO B E ” I N L I B E RT Y C O U N T Y, AS R EG U L A R A N D N E W C U S TO M E R S CATC H U P W I T H F R I E N D S A N D C H AT W I T H V E N D O R S W H O M T H E Y ’ V E C O M E TO K N OW A N D L I K E .” - H I N ESV I L L E FA R M E R ' S M A R K E T W E B S I T E , 2 0 1 9

W H I T N E Y BA R R

OVERALL DESIGN GOALS • Treat 100% of stormwater onsite through green infrastructure • Reduce urban heat island effect via LID and native tree plantings • Offer commercial building cooling via umbrella/shaded alley adjacent to park (projected to decrease energy costs) • Uplift the aesthetic offerings of the park by emphasizing color, biodiverse native plantings, and textured infrastructure • Diversify usage of Bradwell Park and lengthen stay of park patrons through multipurpose outdoor space, large swings, and shaded areas of interest • Provide social gathering and public health spaces for a wide range of ages

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Rain Garden

DESIGN THINKING

Pink Muhly Grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris) White Cloud Muhly Grass (Muhlenbergia capillaris ‘White Cloud’) Toothache Grass - Ctenium aromaticum Blue Rush - Juncus inflexus ‘Blue Arrows’ Coastal Joe Pye Eupatoriadelphus dubius Black-eyed Susan - Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldstrum’ Swamp Sunflower - Helianthus angustifolius Sweet Goldenrod - Solidago odora Swamp Milkweed - Asclepias incarnata Crimson-eyed Rosemallow - Hibiscus moscheutos Purple Lobelia - Lobelia elongata

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Trees

Live Oak - Quercus virginiana Sweetbay - Magnolia virginiana Serviceberry - Amelanchier x grandiflora ‘Cole’s Select’

Shrubs

Elderberry - Sambucus canadensis Oak Leaf Hydrangea - Hydrangea quercifolia ‘Sike’s Dwarf’ Saw Palmetto - Serenoa repens

Fern Farm

Southern Shield fern - Thelypteris kunthii Sensitive Fern - Onoclea sensibilis Cinnamon Fern-Osmundastrum cinnamomeum Groundcover - Creeping Frogfruit - Phyla nodiflora

Low, white seat wall: • Color contrast from green ground floor/neighboring rain garden • Perforated with 4” culvert to allow for stormwater infiltration into rain garden • Seating option for patrons of park • Dual offering of separation and enclosure of space • Backdrop for arts/crafts displays in support of Farmers Market goals Multipurpose workout area: • No nearby public outdoor fitness spaces • Nearby high school (Bradwell Institute); 27.4% of population under 18 according to 2010 US Census data • Facebook page for Farmers Market and Bradwell Park shows market partnership with YMCA, suitable site for current fitness workshops Plantings • Effort to replace dying plantings with more low-maintenance and site-conducive native plants • Provides more wildlife habitat

Colored crosswalks

L with

The Bleachers: 6’-8’ tall reclaimed wood seating

Suspended umbrellas Outdoor Multipurpose (Pervious) Space (22’-6 1/4” X 27’ 1-3/16”) Rain Garden 1: Area: 907 sq. ft, Weighted CN 98 (surrounding area treated), Runoff volume: 2,218 cf

Playground Rubber Pavement/SportBaseTM recycled thermoplastic

• Tr • Re •O pa • Up na • Di m • Pr

Pervious colorful rubber pavement

5’ X 3’ Canvas loveseat

Existing live oak tree

Fern Farm (under canopy)

The Spot: public space of assorted of bistro tables

Pink M - Muh aroma Joe Py fulgida Golden • Crim

Adult/kidfriendly large swings

Rain Garden 2: Area: 961 sq. ft (total 1, Weighted CN 72 (surrounding area treated) Runoff volume: 294.67 cf

Live O Service Perforated seat wall with 4” culvert openings

Elderb Existing gazebo

Perennials

Plan View - 1:10 Scale Section View

PLAN VIEW | DESIGN INSPIRATION

Southe s

1:10 SCALE

35 D E S I G N I N S P I R AT I O N

Ra •N •N

The Boardwalk at Bradwell Park A H AV E N I N H I N ESV I L L E R OW J E R L E S

The Boardwalk at Bradwell aims to be a redesign that reinvigorates downtown Hinesville. Economically, a new and vibrant redesign can bring capital back into the area by providing a venue around which new commerce may develop.

Prioritizing vine-covered shade structures and trees also create a comfortable space in which people will more willingly visit, socialize, or otherwise spend their time; especially in the long summer. Ecologically, this design hopes to do much for stormwater runoff capture and treatment. There are a total of six rain gardens designed to infiltrate as much water possible.

Along the eastern curb, strategically placed grating will help water enter and exit the catchments. In total, there are over 4,000 square feet of rain gardens in this design.

P L A N T R E C O M M E N DAT I O N S Full Sun Grasses

Part Sun Perennials

Bear Grass (Yucca filamentosa)

Bird’s foot Violet (Viola pedata) Coastal Joe Pye (Eupatoriadelphus dubius)

Full Sun Perennials Blanket Flower (Gaillardia puchella ‘Firewheel’) Moss Phlox (Phlox subulata) Blackeyed Susan (Rudbekia hirta) Swamp Sunflower (Helianthus angustifolius) Finge Yellow Star (Hypoxis juncea)

Part Sun Grasses

Trees Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida ‘Red Pygmy’) Pond Cypress (Taxodium ascendens)

Ferns Christmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) Ebony Spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

Permeable Pavement Vendor Stall/Pergola Rain Garden

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Pond Cypress

Permeable Pavement

Shade Pergola and Boardwalk

Sidewalk

Rain Garden

S E C T I O N V I E W A - A’

Resurface with Permeable Pavement

Shade Pergola for Vendors

Shade Pergola Rain Garden Flowermix Featuring Gaillardia Persimmon

A

A'

Side Entrance onto Wooden Boardwalk Path Set 9” above Ground Rain Garden Flowermix Featuring Gaillardia

Seating Around Oak Tree

Water Feature

Boyscout’s Gazebo

Shade Pergola Dogwood ‘Red Pygmy’ for Vendors Swamp Sunflower Massing

Existing Trees (Option to remove and Replace with Large Shade Pergola)

Planting Bed with “welcome” sign, “Bradwell Park”

| E X I S T I N G FO OT P R I N T FO R B RA DW E L L PA R K

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Final Plan Design E M I LY W H I S E N A N T

A

reinvestment in Bradwell Park is crucial to the rejuvenation of downtown Hinesville. This design focuses on creating a year round destination and community space for the City of Hinesville.

The first step in this design is to maximize the park’s parameters. The park extends 12’ north into Midway Street and 15’ east into Commerce Street, taking the place of existing parking. These changes coincide with the downtown Master Plan, emphasizing circulation and space usage in the downtown core.

While this design concept emphasizes rejuvenation of the downtown community, it also produces numerous environmental benefits. With four separate rain gardens, totaling 2,519 square feet, and permeable brick pavers, over 90% of the water that falls on the park will be infiltrated on site. The rain gardens are designed along the edges of the park to also infiltrate and treat the stormwater runoff from the surrounding roadways.

Infiltration and water treatment are important issues in urban areas due to their role in providing healthy water quality and preventing excess flooding.

Canopy cover is another environmental factor that has been prioritized. Canopy trees provide needed shade for human activity, combat temperature control and heat island effects, purify air quality, reduce stormwater runoff and erosion, and produce carbon sequestration. In order to promote canopy cover, the design preserves the existing historic live oak and proposes three new oak trees.

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| B RA DW E L L PA R K F I N A L D ES I G N

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PERSPECTIVE I The extension north into Midway Street makes room for a 1,300 square foot community stage. With simplicity in mind, the stage serves an array of events. From movie nights in the park to bands playing for a downtown festival, the open nature of the stage allows its use to be oriented toward the park or a closed-off street event. For shade, removable sun sails can be hung and taken down as needed. Adjacent to the stage is 6,500 square feet of open space.

With over 4,000 square feet of paving and 2,000 square feet of lawn, the space can be utilized for large community festivals, the weekly farmers market, or simply a place to sit and enjoy lunch. Additionally, a 24’ opened edge along Commerce Street provides vehicular access to the courtyard.

Seating is accommodated by movable cafĂŠ tables and chairs as well as 2 large concrete seat walls.

Design by: Kaitlin Messich

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PERSPECTIVE II With the stage and open space anchoring the north end of Bradwell Park, the southern end is centered around a unique interactive fountain. One of the most prominent symbols of the southern coastal landscape is the live oak. An example of their majestic beauty can even be seen in the middle of Bradwell Park today. In reference to their prominence in Hinesville’s

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landscape, the interactive fountain has been proposed as a sculptural representation of a live oak. Building a unique fountain creates a symbol for downtown Hinesville. It generates a destination for downtown, a starting point for the city to rejuvenate its vibrant downtown culture. In order to encourage play, the fountain is surrounded by a 1’ wading pool and the proposed seatwall and raingardens provide protection from surrounding roadways. Further, by proposing a sculptural fountain, Hinesville’s robust art community can be engaged in the fountain’s design process.

Design by: Kaitlin Messich

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| A B O U T T H E C L AS S LAND 6030 Nature and Sustainability Studio is centered around concepts of nature and their implications for landscape architecture, with particular emphasis on the issue of sustainability. Projects throughout the course were selected to investigate alternative design strategies in a variety of environment from wilderness to city center.

Whitney Barr, Andie Culbertson, Shihui Deng, David Evans, Natalie Glaze, Ruolin Gu, Josh Goeden, Row Jerles, Pranisha Karmacharya, Brian Melchionni, Adedamola Okunmadewa, Saadia Rais, Anna Marie Soccimaro, Emily Whisenant (Project Coordinator), Dingning Yu, and Yunzhe Wang