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Welcome
Spoonbills are back! Since we last reported on this species in the magazine four years ago, the number of breeding pairs of these wonderful waterbirds has more than doubled. You play a big part in this success. Because of your support, we’re able to create, restore and manage wetlands for Spoonbills and many other species (p18). Thank you!
Are you ready for the Big Garden Birdwatch on 24–26 January 2025? Find out how you can plan your garden or balcony to keep feathered visitors returning (p32).
Thanks to everyone who fed back on the new matt paper that we are using in the magazine. The majority of readers welcome the change, with members saying that the text in the articles is actually easier to read without the reflection of a glossy page. We’ll continue to make improvements where we can to make sure TheRSPB Magazineis an enjoyable and sustainable read.
Also in this issue, we’re looking at how the RSPB is building resilience for the future. There are challenges ahead but the charity is well prepared with plans around nature reserves, working with businesses and ensuring nature has a voice in national policy discussions around energy and housing developments (p71).
And Kathryn Smith reveals the magic of soil and how nature-friendly farming can preserve and enhance this vital resource (p27), while Simon Barnes and his son are out and about in their canoe (p25).
Jamie Wyver Editor
Protecting habitats, saving species and helping to end the nature and climate emergency.
South West Toghill House Farm BS30 5RT 01225 891352
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Brockholes LWT, Preston, Lancs
19 Jan / 16 Feb / 16 Mar
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12, 26 Jan / 9, 23 Feb / 9, 23 Mar / 13 Apr
North Cave Wetlands, East Yorkshire
5 Jan / 2 Feb / 2 Mar / 6 Apr
Tophill Low 30 Mar
South and East
Sandwich Bay Bird Observatory, Kent 9 Feb / 6 Apr
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Slimbridge Village Hall 26 Jan / 23 Feb / 30 Mar / 27 Apr
Stanpit Marsh, Christchurch Harbour 1 Feb / 5 Apr
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Beccy Speight
The ebb and flow of our natural world
Beccy Speight has been the RSPB’s Chief Executive since 2019 and has led the organisation through some of nature’s most urgent challenges.
@beccyRSPB
There’s something special about ‘out of the way’ places, the ones that are difficult to get to. They take time and effort to visit, so there’s a sense of adventure rolled into the experience. I’ve definitely felt this on my visits to the Flow Country, that rolling, rugged expanse of precious peatland and mountain scenery that sits across a vast area of north-east Scotland.
Standing at the stunning visitor centre at RSPB Forsinard Flows, you really feel the vast remoteness of this spectacular landscape. There are no nearby towns, and what stretches before you is so very different to any other place I know.
During the last century, long before we knew about the importance of carbon stores, many of these peat bogs were repurposed. These upland areas were too wet for growing crops or building houses, so the land was cheap and there were tax incentives to grow forestry plantations. Large areas of the Flow Country were drained, ploughed and planted with conifers, with devastating impacts for carbon and for nature.
The journey back to a restored landscape of peat bog has been decades in the making and still continues, but the hard work of the RSPB and many others was rewarded
‘It’s only by achieving this balance that a long-term, sustainable solution can be found, one that gives nature, people and the land what’s needed for a healthy future’
recently with the Flow Country’s recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It’s only the 36th such site in the UK and, alongside the Jurassic Coast near where I grew up, is one of only five ‘natural’ UNESCO sites.
It never ceases to amaze me that we have the ability and power to restore at scale, but land restoration must be a careful balancing act. One must understand not only what lies beneath our feet but also the varied uses that land is put to and, most importantly, how best to care for it. It’s only by achieving this balance that a long-term, sustainable solution can be found, one that gives nature, people and the land what’s needed for a healthy future. This is why we continue to push the UK Government for a strategic land use framework to help make the right decisions as we face into competing needs.
On a smaller scale, but no less special, I think our gardens (when we’re fortunate enough to have them) can and should be a microcosm of these choices, finding a balance between use, practicality and nature, creating a space where we seek solace or grow food and nature can also thrive.
I appreciate that this is not always easy. It takes time, knowledge and experience, but it can be profoundly rewarding, not to mention really good fun. The changes I’ve made to my garden over the last few years have paid me back many times over – a pond, more berry-bearing trees, wilder edges. It’s a place where, weather allowing, I can sit and read in the warm sun but am also pulled away from my book by the comings and goings of the denizens of my garden. The Goldfinches and Long-tailed Tits are regular favourites and seem to mostly ignore me as they live their wild lives alongside mine.
With the Big Garden Birdwatch on the horizon, I do hope they choose my allotted hour to show themselves and be recorded in what is such an important piece of citizen science. But whether they do or not, I’ll be taking part, and I hope you’ll join in too.
Learn how to grow natural food to feed your garden birds 32
This season
10 Wildlife challenge: early spring insects to keep a lookout for
11 Designed by nature: exploring the importance and versatility of bird tails
12 Photography: learn how Ben Andrew photographs wildlife in winter farmland
13 Nature notes: Nicola Chester salutes great women in conservation science
15 Tiny & wild: find out which insects are active in winter
Comment
05 Beccy Speight: celebrates the Flow Country becoming a UNESCO site
25 Simon Barnes: finds peace and connection in the wetlands
78 David Lindo: on friendship with wildlife
Action for nature
38 Science: blue carbon is vital in tackling the nature and climate emergency
43 Species: record numbers for Choughs
44 People: Join the RSPB’s Species Volunteer Network to help wildlife
Features
18 Wildlife: celebrating Spoonbills during their triumphant return after 360 years
27 Bigger picture: why high-quality soil is essential to conservation as well as to food growth
32 Citizen science: prepare for the Big Garden Birdwatch and discover the perfect plants to add to your garden to create a bountiful harvest for birds
50 Our places: a very wet day at Ynys-hir turns into a rich wildlife experience
71 Our work: discover how the RSPB is adapting to an ever-changing world
82 Takeouts: three things to think about and do after reading this issue
Together for nature
57 Your say: your letters and stories
60 Your photos: share your most amazing wildlife pictures with us
62 Your gardens: Rob pursues a completely sustainable lifestyle in Somerset
66 Your questions: The RSPB answer your wildlife queries and species ID mysteries
On the cover
page 18, Spoonbills return after 360 years.
On
Photo: Buiten-Beeld (Alamy Stock Photo)
This season
What to see in nature | Great days out | Ways to help wildlife
Species
Comeback kid
Soaring high above, forked tail twisting in the wind, the Red Kite scans for food. You could be forgiven for thinking this was a staple sight of the UK countryside, but it was not always the case. Once so prolific they could be seen scavenging on London’s streets, only a handful remained at the beginning of the 20th century, in Wales’ wild places. Today, after decades of reintroduction projects, the Red Kite is back. And that success has been made possible by the support of RSPB members like you. In 2008, Red Kites were brought back to Northern Ireland after a 200 year absence. This return was thanks in large part to the contribution of volunteers. Learn about joining the volunteer network on page 75.
Words: Emma Pocklington.
Photo: Barrie Harwood (Alamy Stock Photo)
This season
What’s on Get out there
Scan for more
Here’s one for the early birds – the Sunrise Goose Walks at RSPB Loch Lomond combine breathtaking views with the sight of thousands of geese billowing skywards from their overnight roosts. Walks will be held on 11 January, 1 February and 16 February 2025. For those who would rather stay in the warm indoors, you can get your bird fix online this March at a webinar hosted by The RSPB Magazine’s own Jamie Wyver. ‘Spring Migration – Bird Identification 2025’ will be held at 12 noon on Tuesday, 4 March. This one-hour online session will give you all the tips you need to identify spring arrivals. We’ll also discuss the importance of a successful breeding season. Visit rspb. org/spring-migration
Mammal of the moment Red Squirrel
Apart from their eponymous colour, Red Squirrels are known for their delightfully expressive ear tufts. The new year is mating time, when males chase females in spiralling ribbons around tree trunks. However, these beloved UK natives are under threat. Grey Squirrels outcompete reds for food and habitat and spread a deadly squirrelpox that they themselves are immune to. Various interventions, such as trials of a vaccine, are ongoing to help the reds, aided by public support for expanding connected habitats of well-managed, mixed woodland. RSPB Brading Marshes on the Isle of Wight and RSPB Wood of Cree in Dumfries and Galloway are places to see reds.
Wildlife challenge Tiny emergences
Arrivals and emergences are happening for our smallest wildlife. Here are some to look out for!
Easy to find Early Bumblebee
The Early Bumblebee can be seen in a variety of habitats across the UK. It has a distinctive yellow band at the front of the thorax. Both the males and females have another band in front of the abdomen. The queens, males and workers all have orange tails.
Tricky to find Oak Beauty
Flying from late February, the Oak Beauty is a master of disguise. Found in mature oak woodland as well as scrub and even suburban areas, it has mottled (almost pepper-like) brown and grey markings across the wings, which helps it camouflage against bark.
Lucky to find Short-necked Oil Beetle
Suffering drastic declines, this beetle can now only be found on dunes, sandy heaths and coastal grasslands in southwest England, Ireland and Western Scotland. It’s shiny blue-black with a rectangular-shaped thorax and short antennae. See them from March to June.
Photos: Genevieve Leaper, Nick Upton, Annabel Sharpe, Mike Lane (all rspb-images.com); Blickwinkel (Alamy Stock Photo)
Sparrowhawk is a small
predator, catching
The tail is long and flexible. It can be spread wide open and, when closed, is quite narrow, creating an effective rudder.
When a Sparrowhawk is slipping through branches, its tail alternates rapidly from fanned out to narrow, and from left to right, enabling it to effectively steer, speed up and slow down.
Designed by nature Dominic Couzens
The tale of tails
Whether flying, walking or hopping about, birds rely on their tails – and those tails can tell us a lot about their lives
They always come last, but bird tails are exceedingly important. Tails play a role in flight, and they are also used for balance, stability, signalling, flushing prey and promoting a bird in courtship.
Though some birds, such as grebes, essentially lack them, tails are usually fairly conspicuous. Ancient birds had bony tails, but over time the caudal vertebrae (all the bones in a tail) fused together into a pygostyle (a flat bone at the end of the spine), from which the muscles attach and move the feathers of the tail ‘remotely’.
In flight, tails contribute to some of a bird’s lift – on average, about 15% of the total – despite being at the back of the body. Some kind of tail is necessary to reduce drag by directing airflow aft and thereby evening out changes of velocity behind the bird. (Long legs held horizontally have the same effect.) Birds that lose their tails fly slower.
The tail also plays a part in steering, stability and manoeuvrability, and the shape of a bird’s tail reflects how
much of a priority these skills are to that species. For instance, birds that require exceptional manoeuvrability usually have long, forked tails, helping with sharp turns in tight corners – these include Swallows and terns. Birds that require stability, such as geese, have shorter, triangular tails. A quick flick of a tail can steer a bird in a required direction very quickly, both in air and in water, acting as a rudder, so ducks may dunk their tails in the water while swimming to steer. And, universally, spread tails act as air brakes, enabling birds to land accurately.
That’s not the end of the tale, of course. Tails are effective for balance when a bird isn’t flying. They help distribute weight evenly – for example, when a bird is hopping on the ground. A tail is also a useful counterbalance during acrobatic manoeuvres on twigs, as seen in the Long-tailed Tit. Tails are also used in signalling. When a Blackbird or Woodpigeon alights, it often raises its tail, as if it’s ‘signing in’
on a perch. Redstarts probably shiver their tails to make them more obvious to other Redstarts, and it’s possible that wagtails do the same; some research suggests that wagtails wag their tails more vigorously when a potential predator is near, saying, “I see you, no need to attack.” However, birds also use flicks of the tail to surprise and flush out invertebrates – wagtails and Chiffchaffs may do this.
Of course, a tail is a good tool for sexual selection. Researchers have found that male Swallows with longer, more even tail streamers were more attractive to the opposite sex, and many males have longer tails than females (Magpies, skuas). Runaway sexual selection may lead to inconvenient tails that are terrible for drag but a good indication of quality – just ask a Peacock.
Dominic Couzens is a wildlife writer and tour leader living in Dorset. Visit birdwords.co.uk or @DominicCouzens
The
aerial
its prey – small- to mediumsized birds – in flight.
Always ask the landowner’s permission before taking photographs on farmland, or shoot from a public footpath
Photography
Ben Andrew
Farmland wildlife in winter
Even in winter and early spring, you can find a wealth of interesting species to photograph in this rich habitat
Rook roost
During winter, many farmland species gather in large numbers, and Rooks (above) and Jackdaws are no exception. They spend their days feeding in farmland and, in the evening, gathering in large numbers to communally roost – that’s what they’re doing in this image. The roost begins as it’s just getting dark, so I used the outline of the trees to help with the image’s composition and made use of my camera and lens on a tripod due to the low light levels. I purposely chose a slow shutter speed to blur the movement of the birds to create a sense of the chaos and noise that occurs with this wonderful spectacle.
Brown Hare
Brown Hares become more active as mild weather arrives in February, when you can often observe them chasing each other around and boxing. For images like this one, it’s best to pick a spot around the edge of a field and wait. Even if all the action is at a distance, resist the temptation to chase the hares. Often, they’ll keep coming until they stop right in front of you. I lay down close to the ground to get a nice, diffused background. I also hid behind my camera and lens and wore muted clothing so the Brown Hares took a little longer to work out what I was!
Cattle Egret
During winter, rarer birds can turn up in farmland, such as this Cattle Egret. It spent a few days in a flooded area next to a paddock on a Bedfordshire farm. It was flying to the end of a long stretch of wet grassland and then slowly working its way to the other end before flying back and repeating this action. One end had a public footpath next to it, so I simply hunkered down and waited. I stayed low and didn’t move, and it accepted my presence. I used the fence line to create a leading line down the right-hand side of the photo, and left negative (empty) space to the left of the bird as it fed.
NEW SKILLS
You can find nature and wildlife photography workshops at various RSPB nature reserves across the country. Visit rspb.org.uk/events to find an event near you.
Andrew is an
Barn Owl
Barn Owls are great winter subjects to photograph. They hunt farmland and grassland areas, so Norfolk is a brilliant place to see them. They can often be found flying during daylight hours, usually first thing in the morning or the afternoon. This particular bird was very active, but patience was key. I tucked myself into a hedgerow next to a tree and had the sunrise behind me. It was simply a matter of waiting for the bird to fly past as part of its hunting routine. I tracked the bird from a distance but didn’t fire the shutter until I felt it was close-by to avoid spooking it.
Nature notes Nicola Chester
Women in conservation science
I’m a lifelong amateur naturalist – I learn, soak it up and write about it all, but I’m not a scientist. Yet science enlightens, enriches and informs everything I do.
Putting aside our emotional connection with nature (which is also backed by science), science distils trial, research, innovation and investigation into bottled, consumable reports and evidence. These change some views, corroborate others and compel us to act. Deep and learned interrogation, born out of that same love, wonder and joy, offers solutions: something we can all get behind and believe in.
It’s inspiring to point out the woman conservationists and scientists that have gone before, often working against the odds. Their names and achievements shine like constellations, guiding the path of future generations: Mary Anning (below right), palaeontologist; Florence Merriam Bailey, ornithologist and activist; Eve Balfour, founder of the Soil Association; Rachel Carson, biologist; Dr Wangari Maathai (below centre), who connected environmental degradation, poverty and women’s rights; and the founding women of the RSPB: Emily Williamson (below left), Etta Lemon, Catherine Hall and Eliza Phillips.
As the climate and nature crises accelerate and deepen, evidence-based conservation becomes ever more urgent. It equips us with the information needed to convince leaders and decision-makers to act.
Dr Leah Kelly works within the RSPB Centre for Conservation Science. She developed a love of wading birds following a biology degree and a master’s in research. For her PhD, Leah
investigated the threats facing upland waders. By coordinating national surveys for scarce breeding birds, such as Capercaillie and Hen Harriers, she’s helping evaluate the success and decide the future of conservation action.
Leah is inspired by her RSPB colleagues. A considerable portion of her department is made up of woman scientists, including seabird and social scientists, wildlife disease specialists, monitoring officers, data analysts, seasonal fieldworkers, international collaborators and research assistants. Leah finds joy and hope in her work through those who volunteer because of their love of nature. “It can sometimes feel like society is disconnected from the natural world, but it’s heartwarming to find many like-minded people willing to give up their time,” she says.
Dr Emily Joáchim, the freelance zoologist and conservation biologist who founded The UK Little Owl Project in 2015, says: “Conservation science is massively important in informing ways we can best restore nature… [if organisations can] bridge that gap between conservation science and individuals to help nature, it empowers them to take action.” Emily is currently working on a campaign to reduce the impact of light pollution on birds.
Conservation Science is a natural progression of the awe and love that nature inspires in us. It’s exciting to see so many women at the forefront.
Chester is a rural columnist, nature writer and award-winning author. nicolachester.wordpress. com or @nicolawriting
RSPB Harrier 80mm ED telescope (£520) Up your game with this scope featuring an 80mm lens, a 20–60x zoom eyepiece and case This is ideal for birders hoping to see sharp, clear images – particularly when viewing distant birds in wetlands and reedbeds Adjust your focus with incredible precision using the single-action focus wheel and a secondary fine-focus wheel
More ways to help nature
l RSPB Avocet mini monocular (£50) is a new lightweight, durable and waterproof bird-viewing apparatus. Its focus wheel allows for quick focusing and easy viewing.
l Dwarf sunflower and bumblebee seed packs (£2.75 and £6) will help you grow a wildlifefriendly garden. They’ll be a great food source for birds in winter.
Out now Bookshelf
Etta Lemon: The Woman Who Saved the Birds
Tessa Boase, £12.99
Following one of the RSPB’s founding members, this book weaves Etta’s activism in with the suffragette movement of the time and reflects on the power of campaigning to promote change.
More Birds: Paintings of British Birds
Jim Moir, £16.99
Jim, also known by stage name Vic Reeves, showcases his characterful bird paintings alongside bird facts in this pocket-sized tome.
Nature Tales for Winter Nights
Nancy Campbell, £10.99
Cosy up with an anthology of seasonal stories from around the world that embraces these colder months in all their frosty wonder.
Shopping with the RSPB Shop helps keep our world wild. Profits go to conservation, and all products are as nature-friendly as possible. RSPBshop.co.uk
Botany for biodiversity Bulbs
Bulbs come in four forms: ‘true’ bulbs, such as bluebells and snowdrops; corms (eg crocuses); rhizomes (eg wood anemones); and tubers (eg wild carrot).
Bulbs are dormant, underground bunkers of stored energy, nutrients and water. During winter, they remain insulated by the soil, and their roots often continue to grow through the colder months.
Frost initiates a ‘diapause’, causing bulbs to break glucose
into smaller molecules and lower their freezing point. Some, such as snowdrops, produce ‘antifreeze’ proteins, preventing ice crystals from forming inside their cells.
Freezing temperatures prompt the chemical
reactions in bulbs that then occur once the days begin to lengthen and warm. Then, carbohydrates turn to sugars and the plant ‘breaks dormancy’, pushing out its new shoots.
Milder winters and more erratic earlier or warmer springs, brought on by climate change, can disrupt this ancient process, and prolonged floods can rot bulbs. Their spring flowering is becoming an ever more precious occurence.
Our people Three questions
Howard Jones, RSPB Investigations Team
What’s your role?
I’m a Senior Investigations Officer in the RSPB’s Investigations team. RSPB Investigations is the only team in the UK dedicated to tackling bird of prey persecution. As a member of the field team, I spend a lot of time in remote areas of the countryside trying to detect these crimes.
What’s the most difficult part of your job?
Although I’ve been doing this job for over 12 years and assisted in dozens of incidents involving the shooting, trapping and poisoning of birds of prey, it doesn’t get any easier, as these crimes aren’t going away. Between 2009 and 2023, the RSPB Investigations team recorded 1,344 birds of prey as confirmed victims of illegal persecution in the UK. Read the RSPB’s annual Birdcrime report at rspb.org. uk/birdcrime
How can the public support your work?
We play a key role in challenging bird of prey persecution in the UK, shining a light on the scale of this issue and the urgent need for legislative change. To find out how you can help us, visit rspb.org.uk/stop-the-killing and to report a crime against a bird of prey, visit rspb.org. uk/report-crimes
Words: Nicola Chester; Emma Horton.
Photos: Drew Buckley, Richard Bedford, Paul Sawer, Chris Gomersall (rspb-images.com); Blickwinkel (Alamy Stock
Photo)
Snowdrops
Long, beak-like mouthparts.
3–4.5mm long with a metallic green sheen.
Vestigial wings only present in the male –probably important in courtship and mating.
insects
If you like insects, the colder months offer rather slim pickings. Of course, you can root around under logs and stones, take a peek under flaking bark or tease apart large grass tussocks to reveal myriad overwintering insects, none of which are all that enamoured with being disturbed.
Insects that are active at this time of year and adapted to colder conditions are relatively few, but on calm, still days in the winter you can’t miss the dancing columns of winter gnats or the ghostly forms of male winter moths picked out by car headlights.
Less conspicuous insects that are out and about in the winter include the fascinating animal commonly known as the snow flea, which is actually a type of scorpionfly. Interestingly, scorpionflies are the closest living relatives of true fleas, so the common name of ‘snow flea’ is actually quite apt. In the UK, snow fleas are widely distributed, all the way from Cornwall up to northern Scotland, but they are not easy to find. They’re small (3–4.5mm) and never seem to occur in profusion. Their favoured habitat is sparsely vegetated ground with areas of bare soil and clumps of moss in heathland/moorland and open woodland glades. If you want to try
Identification Corvids
to find one, they are most frequently observed in November, although you could try your luck anytime between September and March. Take a look at the National Biodiversity Network Atlas to see where they’ve been spotted. Unsurprisingly, little is known about the biology of this strange winter insect. It’s been suggested they feed on moss, but it’s more likely that they feed on tiny invertebrates, such as mites and springtails. Get out there and see if you can fill in some of the blanks.
Dr Ross Piper is an entomologist, zoologist and explorer. Visit rosspiper.net or @DrRossPiper
Learn how to ID these members of the crow family in flight
Jackdaw
A large black bird with evenly broad wings. In flight, wing beats are heavy and steady. The tail is fan shaped/rounded – not wedge shaped. They have a thicker, blunter beak than a Rook.
Favour lowland open fields. Same size as a Carrion Crow, but in flight they have narrow wing bases, a more rounded/ wedge-shaped tail and a long, pale, pointed beak. In juvenilles, the beak is all black.
The beak is thick and heavy, with a projecting neck and a long, graduated, diamondshaped tail. In flight, these huge birds have proportionately long, narrow wings with well-fingered wing tips.
The smallest of these four species. In flight, they’re neater and speedier. They have proportionately longer and narrower wings than a Carrion Crow. The bill is short, and the neck is broad.
Raven
Carrion Crow
Rook
Female snow flea
Tiny & wild Dr Ross Piper Winter
Water worlds Reedbeds
A feathery fringe between water and land, reedbeds form when tall, tightly packed Common Reeds grow on the margins of floodplains, estuaries, rivers and open water. Despite a lack of plant diversity, reedbeds support a wide range of wildlife. RSPB Ouse Fen is the UK’s largest quarryto-reedbed phased restoration project.
Reedbeds slow and absorb floodwater. They act as a carbon sink and highly effective filtration system. Micro-organisms living on the root system help purify wastewater and act as a buffer against pollutants from industry, roads and farming.
UK-wide Free entry for non-members
Free access at some RSPB nature reserves, National Lottery Open Week, 15–23 March 2025. nationallotteryopenweek.com
Reedbeds were once harvested for roof thatch, which helped stop them from accumulating litter and drying out. Many reedbeds have been lost through drainage. At others, cessation of management has allowed them to dry out and be colonised by scrub and woodland.
The quarry operator at RSPB Ouse Fen, Brice Aggregates, will gradually hand the restored wetland over to the RSPB as our previous partner, Heidelberg Materials, has done. With neighbouring RSPB Fen Drayton Lakes and the Ouse Washes, the reserves will form a near-continuous 3,000ha of wetland habitat.
Bitterns hunt for fish at the water’s edge, disguised by their reedy plumage. Reedbeds also provide safe winter roosting for thousands of Starlings and are home to Harvest Mice, Otters and Water Voles.
RSPB Arne
Winter highlights at this coastal site include Firecrests, Goldcrests, Dartford Warblers and a flock of Spoonbills.
Anglesey RSPB South Stack
Winter highlights include Choughs and Ravens. Plus, book a place on a willowweaving workshop on 7 February!
Words: Nicola Chester, Jamie Wyver.
Photos: Jennie Smith, Ben Hall, Sam Turley, Guy Rogers (all
rspb-images.com)
Dorset
fisk.
In Norway, this saying means ‘to believe something someone has said without doubting them’. Well, the locals also say that Hurtigruten’s cruises along Norway’s spectacular coastline are the single most authentic way to experience their unique culture and majestic scenery. We don’t doubt what they say is true, in fact at Hurtigruten, we’re more than happy to take this advice as good fish.
Here’s to sec chances
After 360 years, breeding Spoonbills have made a triumphant return to Cambridgeshire. But what’s drawing them back to the UK? Sophie Pavelle investigates
ond
It is strange, silent and snow white. A bird, mirrored in the shallow lagoon, its heron-like body standing 3ft tall. Beneath a 5ft wingspan I know there is nestled a large head, from which protrudes a bill that wouldn’t look out of place flipping pancakes. The Spoonbill slumbers. Both new and ancient; you can see the dinosaur in them. This is a sight that never fails to take the breath of those lucky enough to see them in the UK’s wet habitats.
Spoonbills have been visiting our shores, but Jonathan Taylor, Senior Site Manager at RSPB Ouse Washes, was not expecting to stumble across two of what turned out to be three pairs nesting on site – the first ones to do so in the Cambridgeshire Fens for 360 years.
“It was an incredible surprise,” says Jonathan, smiling as he recalls the moment he discovered the nests in the heronry this past summer. “I was conducting a drone camera survey to count Great White Egret chicks without any idea that Spoonbills were nesting right under our noses!”
The current UK Spoonbill population (around 90 breeding pairs at the time of writing) is up from 37 pairs in 2020, when this magazine last reported on Spoonbill fortunes. The main colony of nesting Spoonbill pairs in North Norfolk, at Holkham National Nature Reserve (NNR), is dozens strong, and more are now found in Suffolk, Essex, Yorkshire, Cumbria and even Orkney. Where could be next? Spoonbills are clearly finding what they need in their UK territories, but how do we keep them here?
Medieval marvels
Four hundred years ago, Cambridgeshire Spoonbills would have likely been in raucous company, joining Cormorants and waders in frequenting not just the Fens but also intertidal zones, coastal lagoons and inland wetlands.
Previous: Spoonbills’ bizarre appearance earned them the nicknames ‘shovelard’ and ‘banjo bill’ in medieval times
1. Spoonbills build large nests, often in trees but sometimes on the ground
2. A flock take off over Norfolk
3. Nesting in close quarters can often lead to bickering
4. A Spoonbill chick, affectionately nicknamed a ‘teaspoon’
‘Medieval Spoonbill numbers were plentiful but their charm proved too tempting to the hunter’
Medieval Spoonbill numbers were plentiful but their charm proved too tempting to the hunter and the plate. In tandem with becoming a banquet delicacy, their fate soured as wetlands were drained during the 1600s.
After the final UK nesting record in 1668, Spoonbills were a wetland ghost. The drainage of the East Anglian Fens left just 1% of the original fen wetlands intact, greatly reducing potential habitat for these birds.
While remaining in mainland Europe, Spoonbills then rode a rollercoaster of stop-start re-entry to the UK throughout the 1990s. That was until a combination of legal protection, flourishing populations in France and the Netherlands, and wetland creation projects finally directed them towards our isles.
“We’ve been trying to get Spoonbills back and breeding in the UK for decades, so it’s incredible to be at this point, seeing them arrive and prosper,” the RSPB’s former Head of Ecology, Graham White, says with a grin.
In 2010, a breeding colony finally settled in North Norfolk at Holkham. Six pairs nested and at least 10 fledged – a legendary moment for Spoonbill conservation. With over 2,000ha of protected intertidal salt marshes, lagoons, channels, natural harbours and foreshore, Holkham is a paradise that now serves as the likely epicentre of the blossoming UK Spoonbill population. Over 600 Spoonbills have since fledged from Holkham nests. Their chicks are affectionately referred to as ‘teaspoons’.
In 2024, the Ouse Washes became the most recent RSPB site to welcome Spoonbills. Around 120 miles north of Holkham at RSPB Fairburn Ings, Spoonbills have bred successfully for eight consecutive years since their arrival in 2017.
In Suffolk, 17 breeding pairs have settled at RSPB Havergate Island, making it one of the second largest populations in the UK after Holkham (Fairburn Ings, too, had 17 breeding pairs).
Spoonbills now also overwinter at Poole Harbour on the Dorset coast, and it may not be long before I can expect them on my local patch, the Exe Estuary in Devon.
A vital ally
Secretive and intriguing, Spoonbills are a captivating species to try to understand. Thanks to these new arrivals, we have more opportunity to spot patterns in Spoonbills’ nesting preferences, behaviours and movements than ever before, all of which can guide best practice. But an unlikely allied species is now a helpful marker of possible Spoonbill success.
“Where herons go, Spoonbills likely follow,” Andy Bloomfield explains. As the senior warden of Holkham NNR and founder of the UK Spoonbill Working Group, Andy has spent decades observing Spoonbills and planning for their return. He explains that herons are a key indicator species for Spoonbills. Historic colonies of Spoonbills nested in trees alongside Grey Herons, much as herons, Cormorants and Little Egrets do at Holkham today.
Creating and protecting high-quality wetlands is painstaking work. “But it’s not just for Spoonbills that these are a conservation priority,” Graham White cautions. “Wetlands support many species.” In Holkham, Andy describes the restoration of wetland habitat from former arable land in the late 1980s. It was a complex process of reinstating grazing marsh, managing water levels and reconnecting the grazing marsh – fixing the jigsaw. Water returned, braiding into a series of interconnected waterways now teeming with the seasonal A-list: Wigeons, Lapwings, Pink-footed Geese, Marsh Harriers, Avocets and, of course, the birds of the moment: Spoonbills.
“Spoonbills are going to locations they know are safe from predators,” Graham adds, speaking of the company they seek at various RSPB sites. And on these islands of refuge, vetted by the birds coming before them, we’re privy to the versatility, or rather, creativity, of Spoonbills’ nesting style.
When Spoonbills visited Suffolk’s RSPB Havergate Island during the early noughties, they made an unusual choice. “They nest on the ground! And chose to live alongside Lesser Black-backed Gulls – quite different to their usual tree-nesting habits,” says Reserve Site Manager Aaron Howe.
Havergate is now home to the only groundnesting Spoonbill colony in the UK, and over 100 of the teaspoons have fledged since their arrival in 2019. It took a lot of hard work to get to this point.
“It was a slow burn,” explains Aaron. “Volunteers made to-scale fibreglass Spoonbills on the lagoons, as well as nesting platforms out on the islands, only for the Spoonbills to eventually nest underneath the platforms using them as a kind of tent.”
Such behaviour guides habitat management for the RSPB. “They love peace and quiet,” Aaron shares. On Havergate, their nests lie in the lee of a sea wall. Managing Spoonbill disturbance from a curious public is an annual practice at RSPB Fairburn Ings. Temporary fences steer people away from a footpath near the watercourse where Spoonbills gather nest materials. To meet the growing demand for a glimpse of these stunning birds, the site runs Spoonbill walks, guiding visitors to a viewpoint where they can watch without causing disturbance. For should danger ever be sensed, Spoonbills leap into flight with the speed of a starling. That spatula-like bill is a superbly evolved radar for detecting even the most elusive of aquatic invertebrates and fish. For them, scent is more precious than sight.
Even if you’re itching to set eyes on a Spoonbill, it’s important that you do so without disturbing them. The best option is to book onto a tour, such as RSPB Fairburn Ings’ Specialised Spoonbill Experience, in which a guide will help you safely view the birds. If no tour is available, be sure to remain on footpaths, obey all signs and keep dogs at bay.
Find out where you could catch a glimpse of Spoonbills at rspb.org. uk/birds-and-wildlife/spoonbill
5. Adorning the heads of mature birds, the shaggy crown gives an air of guitar-playing surfer
Fussy eaters
Look up and you might see a flock of Spoonbills travelling together. They cover impressive distances for food, often under the cover of darkness.
“At RSPB Fairburn, we’re noticing Spoonbills disappear in the evening and return in the morning,” says Graham, who suspects they’re flying to the Humber Estuary to feed. That’s a 60-plus mile round trip in the name of a hearty meal.
“Spoonbills feed in a variety of environments, from brackish to completely saline,” says Aaron. He explains the fish biomass of Havergate’s salty lagoons doesn’t peak until late spring or early summer, “meaning Spoonbills may move to freshwater sites and brackish lagoons to feed in breeding season before returning to intertidal habitat in summer”.
‘A bountiful food supply is essential. This is a large bird that needs the calorific value of sticklebacks’
“A bountiful food supply is essential for Spoonbills to get into breeding condition,” says Graham. “This is a large bird that needs the calorific value of sticklebacks.”
For Spoonbills at RSPB Fairburn Ings, July is an important time for post-breeding feeding. “Once fledged, the teaspoons often hang around and feed with the parents,” says Mark Blamire, a volunteer warden. Managing water levels helps the RSPB cater for Spoonbills year-round. Too shallow and prey becomes scarce. Too deep and wading is a challenge.
Visit a reserve Spot Spoonbills responsibly
“We’re vulnerable in some ways,” admits Karen Swaffield, Fairburn’s warden, speaking of the lack of river or reservoir to tap into during dry periods, instead waiting for rain to replenish the site. But futureproofing is already under way. At Fairburn and other reserves, sluices store winter water in a washland and drop levels gradually, balancing the needs of this sensitive wader with a future to secure.
Similarly, Jonathan describes how they cope with the fluctuating water levels of the Ouse Washes. Built to deliberately retain water during winter and ease pressure from the surrounding Fens, they remain the largest area of washland in the UK, and a crucial area of lowland wet grassland. “The Ouse Washes flooded in spring 2024 and was too deep for Spoonbills to feed in,” he says. “We’re working with district farmers to connect and create more inland wetland habitat as floods become more frequent.” Jonathan and his team are working on a new Landscape Recovery project, enabling farmers to create new wetland habitats that will provide alternative feeding and nesting opportunities outside of the Ouse Washes.
Preparing for the future
Being responsive to a changing landscape is in a bird’s favour. With sea level rise and coastal squeeze predicted to further affect much of the east coast of England by 2030, we could see Spoonbills breeding in greater numbers inland in the fens linked to the RSPB’s efforts to enhance and create new wetlands. But there are further risks – unprecedented levels of sewage pollution contaminate rivers, streams and
seas. Given the Spoonbill frequents water in many forms – fresh, brackish, saline – is water quality a red flag for the RSPB as populations expand? Graham explains: “The potential impact of water pollution is significant; it reduces the quantity of available fish.”
“It depends on the breeding location,” Aaron advises. Managed lagoons such as RSPB Havergate Island offer more shelter. But where Spoonbills feed in intertidal areas, you can imagine they wade on the front lines of water pollution.
“However, Spoonbills have a varied appetite and an impressive foraging range. We cannot engineer Spoonbills to use a site,” he adds. “We can encourage them based on what we know they need. But the best thing we can do to assist further colonisation is to create a diverse range of suitable habitats for feeding and nesting.”
Aaron and all the voices behind the return of the Spoonbill speak with the determination and resilience needed to rise to change and challenge. As the future looks luminous for the Spoonbill, we must celebrate every foothold they find and hope they grip on.
Sophie Pavelle is a science communicator and author. She has worked in the conservation sector for eight years and sat on the RSPB England Advisory Committee between 2020–2024.
6. Spoonbills will fly long distances to find food
Photo: Nigel Pye (Alamy Stock Photo)
Simon Barnes
Sun plus water equals life
Simon Barnes is a bird and wildlife writer and author.
The heron watched us with that expression of mad intensity that herons do so well. Our canoe was gliding with a pleasing grace between each stroke of the paddles. The heron’s long legs flexed – was he going to fly? “We mean no harm,” Eddie quoted softly. Another stroke, another glide.
The heron had made his decision and stood his ground, statuesque in grey, black and white, following us with a yellow eye. We passed five yards from him, and he moved not a muscle; it was one of those moments of ineffable pleasure that comes to everyone who’s tuned in to nature.
These moments seem to come more often in and on and around water. Sun plus water equals life – that’s an equation every bit as old as life – but in this country we tend to take the watery part for granted, reserving our wonder for days in the sun.
But it’s out in the wet places of the world that life takes on an added richness. Wetlands, such as those at RSPB nature reserves Minsmere (Suffolk) and Titchwell Marsh (Norfolk), are cathedrals that we should value as we do Yorkminster and St Paul’s. And an especially intimate connection with nature comes when you’re sitting on the water and moving under your
‘You get these moments of glory from time to time in any environment, but they come more often in wet places –moments of privilege that make millionaires of us all’
own power, even when Eddie is taking a break from the actual paddling.
Eddie is my younger son, aged 23 and with Down’s syndrome. Taking the canoe out on the local river in the Broads is one of our routine pleasures and we’ve been doing it since he was old enough to hold a paddle. Sometimes we talk, sometimes we go gliding off into one of those states of meditative calm that water so often brings about. Water is, after all, the thinking person’s television. Sometimes we hug the banks; in late summer, we’re hard up against tall spikes of Purple Loosestrife, little yellow suns of Common Fleabane and the pale pink of Hemp-agrimony – classic wet-country plants. The Banded Demoiselles use the banks as a ballroom – four wings, each tipped with lavish blots of blue-black ink.
We get good skies, as you would expect in Norfolk, coming right down to meet the seedheads of the reeds above our heads or forming a backdrop to the elegant willows. Eddie pointed out the Swallows hawking for insects over the river and daringly coming down to sip from the surface at neckbreaking speed, the ultimate quick drink.
We turned round and headed back. Eddie is always on his mettle when we meet a headwind – he’s not to be beaten. And then, well, you get these moments of glory from time to time in any environment, but they come more often in wet places – moments of privilege that make millionaires of us all.
“Kingfisher!” Eddie exclaimed. And we both saw that flash of blue fire, fizzing away from the boat, leaving a burning line on our retinas after it had gone.
We got back to the boatyard feeling that we’d had a great treat, and also that we deserved another. Well, why not? We put the canoe back and walked towards the pub and a quick drink. “Why do we do this?” I asked. “Is it the lure of the river or the cheesy chips?”
“Both,” said Eddie.
Which is the right answer.
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After about three months, I was sleeping better, I realised I was no longer feeling the discomfort in my knee.
I love my sport and am back to competing in park runs on a regular basis – it certainly worked for me.’
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Dish the dirt
Soil is the unsung hero of the conservation movement. Kathryn Smith digs deep into how your membership helps the soil we depend on...
Petrichor. We’ve
even
if
we don’t
all experienced it,
know it. It’s the name given to that wonderful, ‘earthy’ smell of rain falling on dry soil. It’s produced by a combination of oils released by plants to stop seeds from germinating in dry weather and bacteria in the soil. When the rain falls, this mixture of particles (called geosmin) is picked up and released as the raindrops burst. We might stop to appreciate the smell, but possibly not the intricate processes that are responsible for creating it, or the complex communities within the soil.
Although it only covers about 10% of the Earth’s surface, soil supports a huge array of biodiversity both within and above it. In fact, estimates suggest that around half of all species on Earth live in soil, and just one quarter of a teaspoon of soil can contain up to a whopping 10 billion organisms.
When we look at soil, it’s easy to just see mud. But scratch beneath the surface and it becomes a fascinating and complex ecosystem, teeming with life, almost like an underground tropical rainforest or coral reef. Above the ground, a vast food web depends on soil, from birds feeding on soil invertebrates to the plants, trees and hedgerows rooted in it, which in turn support a myriad of other species. Soil is the foundation for it all. And as for us, about 95% of the food we eat comes from soil. Without it, we simply couldn’t survive.
What is soil?
Soil is diverse. The age, geographic location, plus the size and type of rocks and particles (the ‘parent material’) making up the soil influence its characteristics, as do the environmental conditions and geological processes the soil is exposed to. This diversity has led to the contrast we see across the landscape of the UK, from the peaty, wet soils of the uplands to the chalk grasslands found across the North and South Downs.
Despite their diversity, there are some things that all soils have in common. They are all made up of the same basic constituent parts: organic matter (humus), which is made up of microorganisms both dead and alive, as well as dead, decaying plants and animals; inorganic mineral matter, which includes rock being slowly broken down; and air and water. Air and water in the soil is held in ‘pores’ and healthy soils should be 50% solid material and 50% pore space.
These constituent parts form layers, also known as horizons, within the soil, which are created by the
actions of soil animals and as big rocks are broken down into smaller and smaller particles over thousands of years. Together, these layers make up the soil profile. Each horizon has distinct properties.
Under threat
The formation of soil is a continuous process, but it takes a long time – sometimes thousands of years, in fact, to create just 1cm of topsoil. But around the globe we are seeing once-healthy soils losing their physical structure and becoming depleted of carbon, nutrients and biodiversity. This degradation can lead to infertile soil, flooding and pollution and has real implications for our ability to grow food.
For farmers in particular, healthy and productive soils are a precious resource fundamental to their business, but many processes in modern farming have the opposite effect. Worldwide, it’s estimated that more than 50% of agricultural land is degraded. Heavy machinery, the over-use of pesticides and inorganic fertilisers, and intensive livestock grazing can lead to issues such as compaction and loss of the biodiversity needed for maintaining healthy soils.
In recent years, there has been growing recognition that this cannot continue. As a result, farmers are increasingly adopting regenerative farming practices to ensure they can continue to produce food and repair and protect the soil.
Previous: Agricultural land accounts for about 70% of the UK
1. Lapwings bicker on freshly lifted soil
2. Poor soil structure can lead to waterlogged land
3. Grazing cattle at RSPB Geltsdale
4. A Blackbird probes the turned soil for worms
These farmers are reducing disturbance of the soil, keeping the soil surface covered and maintaining living roots within the soil. They’re also growing a diverse range of crops and bringing livestock back to graze the land in a sensitive and sustainable way.
These practices help to restore organic matter in the soil and boost soil biology, which may help nature above the soil, too. These benefits also help to increase the infiltration, storage and drainage of water, which can reduce the impacts of droughts and help avoid waterlogging, or when the ground becomes so saturated with water that it’s unable to drain it away. This is concerning after some of the extreme weather events and challenging growing conditions that farmers have faced recently.
‘Estimates suggest that around half of all species on Earth live in soil, and just one quarter of a teaspoon of soil can contain up to a whopping 10 billion organisms’
Photo); Ian Ryding. Previous page: Jarmo Piironen (Alamy Stock Photo)
Learn more... Beneath the surface
We often don’t realise that there’s a varied and vital world beneath our feet. Yet soil health is one of the most important tools we have for climate mitigation and food growth. If you want to see our Government encourage responsible farming practices, sign the petition for nature-friendly farming at rspb.org.uk/farmingpetition
A healthier harvest
The RSPB has ultilised these practices for many years, and a nature-friendly and regenerative approach is used across our farmed estate. At RSPB Hope Farm, cover crops protect the soil from erosion and, to minimise disturbance, crops are direct-drilled as an alternative to ploughing. This helps keep carbon locked up in the soil while also maintaining the structure and life within it.
Changing farm practice has also improved the numbers of many birds on the farm including the Corn Bunting, a species that has suffered significant population decreases linked to the impact of pesticide use on insect numbers. In the winter of 2022, we found over a hundred Corn Buntings in one of our ‘cover crops’, which was planted to protect the soil and help improve soil health.
This year, Hope Farm harvested its first crop of ‘YQ’ (yield and quality) wheat, which was developed to encourage more diversity in wheat varieties. It’s a crop that really suits farming with nature in mind because it’s more resilient against pests, helping us to reduce our pesticide use on the farm as well as fertiliser use, which is damaging to soil biology.
All of this has a positive impact on improving feeding habitat for farmland birds such as the Corn Bunting. The flour from this wheat is now available and, as it’s grown on Hope Farm, it’s also certified Fair to Nature – the only UK certification scheme with a focus on biodiversity.
At RSPB Geltsdale, the focus has been on reducing the density of livestock grazing to allow a greater diversity of plants to grow. With more diversity comes deeper roots, which support healthy soil structure.
More diverse forage available for cattle to graze on also means healthier livestock and a reduced need for cattle wormers. This leads to healthier cow pats, and healthy cow pats mean happy dung beetles! Along with other invertebrates such as earthworms, dung beetles recycle nutrients back into the soil and further support a healthy structure through burrowing and creating those all-important pores.
These might sound like simple solutions, but change takes understanding, time and commitment from farmers and land managers. Crucially, it also requires the right support from farming policymakers to provide opportunities, advice and incentives.
‘No two farms are the same, so there are no simple answers, but taking positive steps to protect our soils is important’
No two farms are the same, so there are no simple answers, but taking positive steps to protect our soils is important, not only in tackling the biodiversity and climate crises but in protecting our fundamental ability to grow food to feed ourselves.
Kathryn Smith works with the RSPB Agricultural Advice team and manages the Farm Wildlife partnership, bringing together farming and conservation organisations.
Illustrations:
Healthy soil contains lots of pores, living things and good levels of carbon
Unhealthy
24–26 January 2025
Providing natural food for the birds is a vital and rewarding experience. Jamie Wyver explains how to go beyond the birdfeeder and tailor your patch to support local wildlife
If you feed birds at this time of year to help them get through the colder months, thank you. It’s a rewarding and satisfying activity and a wonderful way to get closer to nature. But did you know you can also supply a huge array of natural food? Get growing in flowerbeds, patio pots and window boxes.
To attract a variety of birds, you’ll need a variety of food. Some birds that feed on invertebrates and their larvae in the spring and summer, such as House Sparrows and Blue Tits, are comfortable switching their diet to seeds in winter. Others, such as Dunnocks and Wrens, still need invertebrate food. It’s vital to supply a wealth of options as well as places where invertebrate life can thrive. This has been at the forefront of my mind as I work to shape my dream Big Garden Birdwatch garden of the future.
Supply super seeds
Fun to grow and enjoy in the summer, Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are a great source of food for finches and sparrows during the colder months. Their seeds are rich in much-needed oil and protein to give birds warmth and energy.
Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) is an impressive, statuesque biennial plant. After deliberately introducing it to our garden a few years ago, I now find it seeds itself freely about the place. But that’s not a problem; you can simply remove or rehome Teasels that spring up in the wrong location. Ideally, they should be at the back of a border, given their height, but keep them in view of any window or vantage point from which you want to carry out your Big Garden Birdwatch. Goldfinches are fond of the spiky seed heads, inserting their beaks inside to extract the seeds. In summer they will also seek other small seeds such as those of dandelions, thistles and Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris).
Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra) is a purpleflowered perennial whose seeds are also eaten by Goldfinches. I think it’s an attractive addition to
Opposite: Seeds, such as those in Teasel, are a great source of nutrients for Blue Tits prepraring to breed
a garden, too, with a bottle-shaped seed head that earns it the nicknames ‘iron knobs’ and ‘hardhead’. It’s also great for pollinators in summer.
Greenfinches will eat the seeds found in rosehips, and I’ve seen them munching on the ripe seeds of Borage (Borago officinalis) in our back garden. The cone-heads of Echinacea and Rudbeckia that flowered in summer and autumn are also packed with seeds. House Sparrows, as well as finches, will dine on these. There are numerous annual flowers whose seeds may still be present in later winter too, such as Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) and Corn Marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum). These will also feed small birds.
Bountiful berries and fruit
Ivy (ideally Hedera helix or Hedera hibernica) is one of the best plants you can grow for wildlife. First, the flowers appear late in the year, giving pollinators such as butterflies and hoverflies a final boost. Then, the deep purpley-black berries are much loved by Woodpigeons, but also thrushes, Robins, Starlings and Blackcaps. These berries are richer in fat than most other berries. They also ripen later and over a longer period of time, ensuring a steady supply of vital nutrition. Invertebrates, including spiders, hide among the leaves and stems, providing rich pickings for Robins and Wrens. Finally, this incredible climber is crucial for cover. The birds we see during Big Garden Birdwatch need to survive 14–18 hours of darkness every night, so an evergreen shelter is ideal.
In my garden, I’ve planted two Rowans (Sorbus aucuparia), also known as Mountain Ash, in the hope that one day Waxwings will arrive to enjoy the berries. These striking birds only visit in large numbers during winters where berry crops have failed in north-east Europe. They came pretty close to my home last year, feasting in hedgerows just around the corner from us. Rowan berries will also be eaten by thrushes, including Redwings and Fieldfares.
Our Hawthorn’s (Crataegus monogyna) red berries, or haws, will feed Blackbirds, thrushes, Greenfinches, Starlings and many other birds in the winter. This dense shrub also makes a great home for insects during the rest of the year, and the House Sparrows feel safe deep among its spiky twigs.
‘Ivy is one of the best plants you can grow for wildlife. First the flowers appear late in the year, then the deep purpley-black berries’
Guelder Rose (Viburnum opulus) has the most gorgeous glossy berries, which hang in tempting clusters during the autumn and winter. This plant is named after the region where it’s thought to have first been cultivated, Gelderland in the Netherlands. Thrushes, including Blackbirds, Fieldfares and Redwings, will readily eat the berries. If you’re very lucky, you may even see Privet Hawk-moth caterpillars munching away among the leaves during the warmer months.
Finally, Crab Apple (Malus sylvestris) is another attractive larger plant whose fruit can attract hungry members of the thrush family.
Fill the hungry gap
As we reach the final weekend of January and prepare for our Big Garden Birdwatch, even these
How you can help Let’s make bird feeding better
How we feed birds has changed over the years. We stopped using red mesh bags when we found birds’ feet could get trapped, for example.
We know so many of you love feeding your garden birds and some bird species really do benefit from us putting out extra food for them, especially in the winter. However, there is increasing evidence that for other birds there can also be negative effects such as the spread of disease, especially among finches.
We want to make bird feeding as safe as possible, so we’re reviewing the advice we give you and products we sell based on the latest science. We are aiming to give you an update on this in 2025. In the meantime, as a precaution you may not see some of our products for sale. The best thing you can do for your garden birds this winter is make sure you clean your feeders at least weekly.
There will be more details in future issues of The RSPB Magazine
varied supplies of seeds and fruits from plants in your patch will likely have dwindled, particularly if weather conditions in your area end up being harsh. So now it’s time to add a little extra in the form of bird food. Some of the best foods to offer include dried mealworms and sunflower hearts. Remember, clean your feeders regularly (about once a week) and provide fresh water daily for drinking and bathing.
No space too small
Dwarf sunflowers (see p14), which only grow to around 60cm, still provide plenty of seeds for smaller birds such as Goldfinches. Invest in the dwarf (40–60cm) varieties of Echinacea and Rudbeckia, too. Other low-growing plants such as heathers, thymes, Sedums (stonecrop) and winter-flowering pansies provide food and shelter for invertebrates, which feed insect-eaters such as Dunnocks, Robins and Wrens.
Just add water
Access to clean, unfrozen water is a necessity for birds throughout winter. They need to drink, and to bathe to keep their feathers in the best possible condition. Our small pond needs to be replenished frequently in the summer. But in winter, it generally stays full, and I find that some of the semi-aquatic vegetation helps to keep the ice off, to an extent. The birds use our pond constantly. So, I’d recommend a pond, however small, for liquid refreshment alongside the food that’s on offer.
Jobs
for now
LOOKING FOR EXTRA TIPS AND TRICKS?
For more wildlifefriendly gardening advice, visit rspb. org.uk and search ‘gardening’.
This page: Starlings’ intestines grow in winter to digest more plant material, such as Ivy berries
1. Once the Rowan berries are gone, Waxwings will move on to others such as rosehips
2. A Goldfinch finds food in an urban wildflower meadow
3. A Mistle Thrush snacks on Guelder Rose berries
4. Clean and safe feeders provide food for birds, such as this Blue Tit
There are a few simple steps you can take now to provide food and shelter for birds this season, and for years to come.
First, don’t feel you have to deadhead and clear everything away in autumn. Even if plants don’t have an obvious larder of seeds, they may still be full of insects and other invertebrates seeking refuge for winter. These are, of course, marvellous in their own right, but are also food for insect-eating birds such as Wrens. Where you can, leave leaves where they lie on the ground. Flicking through leaf litter is a natural foraging technique for many of these birds as they search for insects, woodlice, spiders and other various types of invertebrates.
Log and stick piles are also good feeding spots for those birds that prefer live food. Form stacks of sticks or logs in sheltered corners or, if you have enough space, you could form a ‘dead hedge’ with the offcuts and prunings of larger woody plants. A dead hedge is simply a long row of twigs and branches piled or woven round each other creating a mini habitat for wildlife. Robins will love it!
Also, if you have a larger outdoor space, this is a good time to add shrubs and small trees such as the Guelder Rose or Crab Apple, while they’re dormant. Finally, take your time to plan ahead. You may even get some ideas while participating in this year’s Big Garden Birdwatch that will shape your garden birdwatching for 2026 and beyond! (Visit www.rspb. org.uk/birdwatch to register and take part.) We weren’t recording any House Sparrows in our small, bare, new-build garden to begin with, but planting our mini native hedgerow gave them cover and confidence to visit and stick around. Now there are always a few in the garden during the annual count. Planting for birds really is worth the effort, and can make your garden look fabulous.
Notable visitors to The RSPB Magazine editor Jamie Wyver’s wildlife garden include Brambling (see p68), Grey Wagtail and Linnet. No sign of any Waxwings yet, though...
Photo: Stephen Miller, FLPA, Stephen Morris Photography, Toby Houlton (all Alamy Stock Photo); Paul Sawer (rspb-image.com); Lucinda Price
BIRD QUEST
A Discovery of Britain’s seabird islands aboard the Ocean Nova 5th to 14th May & 14th to 23rd May* 2026
The seabird islands of the western British Isles are the envy of the birding world and yet it is not easy to sample the wonderful diversity of their character and come face-to-face with seagoing inhabitants This unusual expedition cruise will appeal to those who wish to explore our coastal waters, observe the marvellous seabird and marine life and walk across untouched coastal wilderness areas The focus of our expedition is the prolific birdlife but the region is also rich in historical and cultural heritage and with our naturalists and local guides we will discover some of the most remote and uninhabited islands that surround the coast of Britain together with inhabited islands such as Alderney and Rathlin
Cruising aboard the 84-passenger Ocean Nova, we will be able to enjoy expedition cruising at its best Our exploration of inlets, estuaries and protected coastal waters will be made all the more enjoyable by the use of our Zodiac landing craft which enable us to land in remote places such as St Kilda, providing for an unusual perspective and making the otherwise inaccessible readily available. This is a wonderful opportunity to see some of our most beautiful places and view some of the extensive birdlife No matter your level of expertise you will find a warm welcome and a cornucopia of stunning sights and sounds
OCEAN NOVA accommodates 84 passengers in comfortable cabins which feature sea-view and private facilities In the dining room you are treated to delicious meals in between Zodiac landings and excursions and in the panorama lounge you can enjoy a drink with a breathtaking view of the surrounding landscape This is where the onboard specialists entertain and educate you with lectures There is also a library with panoramic views and a good selection of books We have chartered the vessel for these sailings and the atmosphere on board is informal with time on board often spent out on deck keeping watch for wildlife
Staffa
SMALL SHIPS – BIG EXPERIENCES WITH NOBLE CALEDONIA
THE ITINERARY IN BRIEF
Day 1 Poole, England Embark the Ocean Nova this afternoon A transfer will be provided from Poole Railway Station at a fixed time Enjoy welcome drinks and dinner as we sail this evening
Day 2 Alderney, Channel Islands. Arrive in the Channel Islands and spend the morning on Alderney where our onboard team will lead a series of walks to explore the island Visit the island’s only town, St Anne, which has all the old world charm of a Normandy village with tiny squares and pastel shaded cottages and shops Those feeling active can join a walk to see the German fortifications and Victorian forts along the coastline before arriving at Les Etacs gannet colony These rocks are situated just 100 metres offshore and are home to 6,000 pairs of gannets Return to the ship for lunch and maybe join a lecture during our afternoon at sea
Day 3 Isles of Scilly, England Our day in the Isles of Scilly will depend on weather and sea conditions but we hope to visit traffic-free Tresco, walking its idyllic lanes from the beach to the famous subtropical Abbey Gardens Defying the Atlantic weather, this miracle of a garden is home to more than 20,000 species of plants from over 80 countries Later we hope to land on St Agnes, the most south-westerly community in the UK Surrounded by rocks and reefs, this delightful tiny island offers marvellous coastal walks En-route we plan to sail past the nearby island of Annet, the second largest of the uninhabited islands and a bird sanctuary We will cruise by to see the coastline alive with puffins, European storm petrels and shag
Day 4 Skomer Island & Grassholm Island, Wales We awake this morning off the Pembrokeshire Coast at the Island of Skomer One of the most important wildlife sites in Northern Europe, this island has fantastic birdlife including 6,000 pairs of puffins, countless numbers of guillemots, fulmar, kittiwakes and the elusive Manx shearwater and storm petrel We will use our Zodiacs to take a closer look and may also see some of the resident seals Return to the ship for lunch as we sail to Grassholm, one of the world’s largest gannetries with over 34,000 breeding pairs
Day 5 Holyhead, Wales & Calf of Man, Isle of Man Over breakfast we arrive at Holyhead,
adjacent to Anglesey, with its spectacular sea cliffs Here we will visit the RSPB’s reserve at South Stack, a beautiful but fragile maritime sward and heathland which is home to a large population of guillemots and razorbills If we are lucky, we might also see some choughs On a choice of walks, we will also see Ellin’s tower, a Victorian folly, and South Stack lighthouse built in 1809 Returning to the ship for lunch we hope to arrive in the late afternoon at the Calf of Man, a 600 acre island situated off the southern tip of the Isle of Man, and home to thousands of seabirds including Manx shearwater, kittiwake and razorbill
Day 6 Ailsa Craig, Scotland & Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland In the early morning we will anchor off the granite island of Ailsa Craig This tiny island, just 2 5 miles in circumference is an RSPB reserve and home to the third largest gannet colony in Britain We will use the Zodiacs and cruise the coastal waters for a closer look searching for puffins, guillemots and gulls Sail in the late morning towards Rathlin Island Located just a few miles from the North Antrim coast, Rathlin has been settled for more than 6,000 years Today, there are only 80 or so inhabitants, whereas before the famine there were 1,200 Enjoy a guided walk which will take in the prolific seabird life with astonishing numbers of auks, kittiwakes and grey seals This evening we will sail past the magnificent cliffs to the north of the island which are home to the largest seabird colony in Ireland
Day 7 Staffa & Lunga, Scotland. Overnight we will sail to Staffa, where the perpendicular rock face features an imposing series of black basalt columns, known as the Colonnade, which have been cut by the sea into cathedralesque caverns, most notably Fingal’s Cave Weather permitting, we will use our Zodiacs to explore closer We continue to Lunga, the largest of the Treshnish Isles where the prolific birdlife includes storm petrels, puffins, kittiwakes and Manx shearwaters
Day 8 St Kilda & Stac Lee, Outer Hebrides Arrive this morning at St Kilda, a remarkable uninhabited archipelago some 50 miles beyond the Outer Hebrides Dominated by the highest cliffs and sea stacks in Britain, Hirta, St Kilda’s main island was occupied on and off for at least 2,000 years, with the last 36 Gaelic speaking inhabitants evacuated at their request in 1930 Immediately after the evacuation, the island was bought by the Marquess
of Bute to protect the island’s thousands of seabirds including puffins and fulmars, and in 1957 it was bequeathed to the National Trust for Scotland The local ranger will join us on board before our expedition staff lead several guided walks on the island This afternoon we cruise past two of the largest gannetries in the world at Stac Lee and Boreray These impressive stacs rise 170 metres from the sea and are home to up to 60,000 breeding pairs of northern gannets
Day 9 Shiant Islands & Isle of Lewis. This morning we will board the Zodiacs for a cruise around the spectacular basalt cliffs of the Shiant Islands, a group of little islands located a few miles off the shores of the Isle of Lewis This is an excellent place to spot puffins, razorbills, guillemots, seals and hopefully white-tailed eagles Over lunch we sail the short distance to Loch Sealg on the southern coast of Lewis where we can stretch our legs as we explore the abandoned, former crofters, village of Stiomrabhaigh
Day 10 Oban Disembark after breakfast Transfers will be provided to Glasgow Airport and Glasgow Central Railway Station at a fixed time
*14th May 2026 Departure
Please note that the 14th May departure operates in the reverse direction to that shown, from Oban to Poole and the full itinerary can be viewed online
PRICES & INCLUSIONS
Prices per person based on double occupancy start from £4795 for a Category 1 cabin
WHAT’S INCLUDED:
Nine nights aboard the Ocean Nova on a full board basis • House wine, beer and soft drinks with lunch and dinner • Noble Caledonia expedition team • Shore excursions • Gratuities • Transfers • Port taxes
NB Ports and itinerary are subject to change All special offers are subject to availability Our current booking conditions apply to all reservations Travel insurance is not included in the price Zodiacs will be used regularly during this expedition
Action for nature
How your support is helping wildlife
Save our sunken treasure
Science Xxxxx
Marine habitats around the UK and Isle of Man store an astonishing amount of ‘blue carbon’, according to the first scientifically produced estimate. The reports within The Blue Carbon Mapping Project are the result of a study completed by the Scottish Association for Marine Science on behalf of WWF, the RSPB and The Wildlife Trusts. They show that an astonishing 244 million tonnes of organic carbon are stored in just the top 10cm of UK seabed habitats, with 98% of that total found in sediments such as mud and silt. Other habitats, such as seagrass meadows and kelp beds, also play a crucial role capturing and storing carbon and contributing to seabed sediment stores. Add in maerl beds, honeycomb worm reefs and mussel beds, and you have a diverse network accumulating carbon through various processes. In fact, it’s estimated that marine sediments in the UK could sequester over 13 million tonnes of organic carbon every year – that’s up to three times more than the UK’s forests.
Burrowing Anemone
In addition, 43% of the total organic carbon found in these habitats is in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), but most of these are not currently managed to protect blue carbon habitats. It’s clear we need to do more to conserve seabeds both in those zones and in others not yet protected.
The main threat to our blue carbon stores is physical disturbance to the seabed from activities such as bottom trawling and offshore development. Increased protection from damage is urgently needed, alongside better management of our MPAs to meet both biodiversity and climate needs.
We’re also pushing for improvements to the strategic planning of marine activities in UK waters, and more investment and research into how best to protect and conserve blue carbon stores.
Our seas are a vital tool for tackling the nature and climate emergency – and, with your support, we’re working hard to ensure they can remain so long into the future.
Species
Lapwing love in Yorkshire
Ground-nesting birds enjoyed a breeding boost thanks to a four-year conservation project that was recently completed in the Dearne Valley, South Yorkshire. Work at RSPB Old Moor and Wombwell Ings reserves, funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, included restoration of floodplain wet grasslands. At least 46 Lapwings fledged successfully across the valley.
Species Slender-billed Curlew extinct
RSPB scientists, along with partners, have sadly confirmed what is likely the first bird extinction in mainland Europe since the 16th century. The last irrefutable sighting of the Slenderbilled Curlew was in 1995; statistical analysis reveals a 99.6% chance that no individuals survive. This highlights the importance of conservation work with similar birds like the Eurasian Curlew.
Places
Be an island defender
The UK is a seabird haven, hosting internationally important breeding populations of well-known burrow-nesting species such as the Puffin, the tiny Storm Petrel and the majority of the world’s Manx Shearwaters, which often nest on islands with no land predators. But seabird numbers are declining rapidly, and invasive non-native mammalian predators such as rats are their biggest threat on land. A single pregnant female rat can result in a 300-strong colony in just over eight months.
The RSPB works with stakeholders to safeguard islands by implementing biosecurity measures. Since 2016, we’ve helped detect and respond to 53 incidents of suspected or confirmed invasive predator arrivals. But with more than 20 million boating experiences held around the UK annually, invasive predators are easily introduced to islands by accident. So, in 2025, we’re asking anyone enjoying the marine environment or visiting an island by boat to help protect vulnerable wildlife by carrying out simple biosecurity measures – checking for stowaways, keeping boats tidy, using rat guards on mooring lines, etc. Visit biosecurityforlife.org.uk
Words: Paul Bloomfield. Photos: Ray Kennedy, Chris Gomersall (both rspb-images.com); Adam Seward (Alamy Stock
Photo); Mark Hamblin; Paul Naylor
Ramsey island in Pembrokeshire
Policy
Redshank results
The first-ever full breeding survey of Redshank in areas of the east coast wetlands has revealed how vital this region is for the species and other wetland birds. The study, led by the RSPB and funded by Natural England and the Life on the Edge project, recorded 419 breeding pairs of Redshank on the Humber Estuary and 597 breeding pairs in north Norfolk, representing 5% of the UK’s entire breeding population. These areas also support breeding Avocets, Oystercatchers and Ringed Plovers. Some 53% of breeding Redshank were lost from saltmarshes between 1985 and 2011, but these crucial habitats are clearly a haven for the species – one reason why the east coast wetlands were added to the UK’s Tentative List of World Heritage sites last year.
Wainwright winner explores oceans
We’re proud to be a partner of the Wainwright Prize, celebrating the best nature writing and outdoor exploration books. The winner was announced this September. Alex Try, RSPB Director of Strategic Communications, was a judge in the Conservation category, which was won by Helen Czerski’s (below right) Blue Machine: How Oceans Shape Our World
“It’s an incredible book that highlights the importance of our oceans, from their impact on our climate and weather systems through to the wildlife and people that depend upon them,” Alex says. “Blue Machine shines a light on our oceans’ ‘complex, interlinked systems’.”
The prize for Nature Writing was awarded to Late Light: The Secret Wonders of a Disappearing World by Michael Malay, while the Children’s Writing on Nature prize was won by Foxlight by Katya Balen.
This extract from Helen’s book shows her wide-ranging knowledge and vision:
“The coast of Tanzania faces eastward, away from the massive African continent and out into the Indian Ocean. The beaches here are narrow sandy strips sandwiched between the turquoise water and a line of scrubby greenery that looks determined to overflow from the land. It’s peaceful, basking in its remoteness, but that doesn’t mean nothing of note ever happens here. In December 2004, two turtle conservation officers, Jumanne Juma and Saidi Jumbe, watched
as an animal the size of an upturned kettledrum got a last push from the ocean waves and then advanced up onto the beach near the village of Kimbiji. Sea turtles often come to these beaches to nest, doggedly dragging themselves up the sand with powerful flippers that are ill-suited to moving on land.
But this new arrival was no turtle. It was walking. The lower half of its shell and its feet were covered in huge Goose Barnacles, and as its determined plodding lifted it out of the waves, it became clear that it was a giant tortoise. It had drifted in on the ocean currents, a passenger from far, far away. Giant tortoises are very definitely creatures of the land and this one’s journey was an accident, the consequence of unwittingly hitching a ride with a parcel of salt water on its way around the globe. Seawater is a convenient host for accidental drifters like this, because it’s generally benign and has a huge carrying capacity. And these ocean passengers matter, because this is how the blue machine keeps our planet connected.” Blue Machine is available to buy in the RSPB online shop at shopping. rspb.org.uk/blue-machine
breeding pairs on Humber Estuary and North Norfolk, representing 5% of the UK population
We were deeply saddened to hear of the death of nature writer and broadcaster Tony Soper in September. Tony worked closely with the RSPB in many ways, including writing for this magazine and helping to set up the Sutton Coldfield Local RSPB Group. In his career, he helped create the BBC’s Natural History Unit and Birdwatch. You can watch one of the RSPB films he made, Getting to Know Birds, at rspb.org.uk/getting-to-know-birds or by scanning this code.
Words: Paul Bloomfield.
Photos: Jarrod Syned; Sean Devaney
Redshank
Helen Czerski
Please donate today
Orkney’s wildlife is under threat from non-native Stoats. The Orkney Native Wildlife Project aims to remove these invasive predators and save internationally important wildlife such as Curlews, Hen Harriers and Orkney Voles. Please help us restore this wildlife haven.
increase in Curlew nest success
Between 2019 and 2023, the project has achieved: 289% increase in Orkney Vole numbers 189% increase in Hen Harrier nest success 100%
We’re heading into a critical stage of the project. You can help get this world-first conservation project completed, so that Orkney’s wildlife is safe from Stoats by 2030.
Please help us to complete this world-first. Donate today at rspb.org.uk/orkney-rspb Or call 01767 693680 (9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday)
Species
Chough-ed with breeding success
A record number of pairs of Choughs (above) made breeding attempts along Cornwall’s coastline this summer, with Choughs at RSPB Ramsey Island and RSPB South Stack Cliffs in Wales also enjoying a successful breeding season.
This distinctive bird, with its glossy black plumage and bright red bill and legs, is found along the British and Irish coastlines and islands. However, largely as a result of changes in agricultural practices, the species suffered declines over recent decades. Choughs were lost from Northern Ireland in 2016 and went extinct around 50 years ago in Cornwall (though they re-established a population there from 2001). Declines are also evident in Scotland and north Wales. A 2014 survey of the bird across the UK and Isle of Man recorded just 430 pairs, so it’s great to see that efforts by the RSPB and other conservationists, nature-friendly farmers and landowners are now having a positive impact. The work is helping to boost populations in Cornwall and Wales; this summer, RSPB-coordinated surveys recorded 55 pairs of Choughs attempting
to breed in Cornwall, up from a previous high of 47 in 2023.
Forty pairs successfully raised a brood, with 108 ‘Choughlets’ fledging. In Pembrokeshire, 12 pairs were recorded holding territory at RSPB Ramsey Island, of which 10 successfully fledged a total of 25 young. And at RSPB South Stack Cliffs on Anglesey, 23 young fledged from 14 nests – up by two nests from the previous year. This success is in large part the result of ongoing work to improve grazing management. This was made possible by the RSPB and members like you, as well as by working closely with local farmers, landowners such as the National Trust, and others.
In other positive news, Kent celebrated its first Chough breeding success in 200 years following their reintroduction in 2023 by the Kent Wildlife Trust, Wildwood Trust and Paradise Park Cornwall. We hope that conservation efforts can help reverse the fortunes of Choughs in Scotland and Northern Ireland and continue the upward trend in Cornwall and these Welsh havens.
Species
Waterbird influx
One of nature’s great migrations occurred this past autumn at RSPB Blacktoft Sands and the Humber Estuary as thousands of waterbirds arrived to spend the winter, such as Pink-footed Geese, Wigeons and Snipe (above), among many others. Several RSPB nature reserves lie along the East Coast Wetlands, a network of habitats stretching from the Humber to the Thames, providing essential stopovers for millions of migrating birds.
Species Birds and brides at Lincoln Cathedral
Peregrines (above) have long nested on Lincoln Cathedral and have developed a habit of attracting attention from wedding parties gathered below.
This year, the resident pair of Peregrines successfully raised a brood of four young birds, all of which fledged safely. An amazing 3,331 visitors were wowed by the sight thanks to Lincoln Local Group, which set up its Watch Point on weekends throughout June and July. They’ve done this every year since 2007, during which time 41 young Peregrines have fledged.
With such a spectacular backdrop, it’s not surprising that this location is a favourite stop for wedding parties to view the Peregrines. Newlyweds Amy and Nathan Chudley (below) were snapped admiring the feathered family by Anthony Venditti, a relative from the US attending the celebrations. Here’s wishing them as successful a union as the Peregrines have on high! Find details of the 2025 Peregrine Watch Point at lincolnrspb.org.uk/events.htm
Volunteers hard at work at the Giving Corncrakes a Home nettle dig
People
People-powered conservation
The RSPB’s Species Volunteer Network (SVN) is supercharging efforts to save vulnerable wildlife across the UK by supporting off-reserve teams working directly on species recovery projects. By getting involved, you can not only help wildlife but build your skills, too.
In Northern Ireland, for example, where Red Kites have been reintroduced by the RSPB (see page 8), volunteers are monitoring numbers to study the success of the project (below left).
And in Northern Ireland and Greater
Manchester, the SVN is supporting and setting up teams of volunteers alongside RSPB Local Groups to raise awareness and boost Swift conservation efforts (below centre and right), creating safe nest sites, and encouraging public involvement.
Other target species include Corncrake, Marsh Fritillary and Stone-curlew.
To find out more about RSPB volunteering opportunities, email speciesvolunteernetwork@rspb.org.uk or visit rspb.org.uk/volunteer for more.
Words: Paul Bloomfield.
Photos: Jerome Murray (Alamy Stock Photo), Anthony Venditti
YOU CAN SLEEP BETTER
with the amazing Suspension Pillow with the amazing Suspension Pillow
WHATEVER your sleep problems, the dream of a good night’s sleep has now become a reality - thanks to a breakthrough invention - the Gx Suspension Pillow. All conventional pillows flatten significantly during sleep - becoming less supportive and more uncomfortable as the night progresses. The result of this is disturbed and broken sleep, frustration and the fruitless search for a better pillow. That search is now over!
To stop the flattening we’ve come up with a solution that’s so simple it’s ingenious. By the clever installation of ‘double X’ internal ties we have produced the world’s first pillow to retain much more of its plumped shape all night long.
The ties work to pull the pillow in and up so that your head and neck are gently cradled and supported in softly sprung comfort. As well as having the revolutionary internal ties, the pillow shell is 100% cotton with our superb hypoallergenic Polycoz filling, and we have added a unique integral air vent to help keep you cool through the night.
Actor Rula Lenska had this to say:
It is rare that something advertised as unique and life changing turns out to be true!! I have a chronic back and neck situation and I can honestly say these pillows make a huge difference!! Comfortable…supportive…and positively magical for my neck!! Congratulations! Many, many thanks
As if all these benefits were not enough, you can purchase the pillow with our 30-night comfort guarantee – total satisfaction or your money back* . Hundreds of thousands of delighted customers have already rediscovered the benefits of a great night’s sleep, why not join them? Now available with 25% off for The RSPB Magazine readers, use code TRM11.
Unique internal tie technology maintains shape throughout the night P
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Provides comfort and support Integral air vent keeps you cool
Luxurious 100% cotton shell
Hypoallergenic Polycoz filling
Designed and made in the UK
Choose from Medium-soft or Medium-firm
Most sleepers prefer Medium-soft however if you prefer a firmer pillow choose Medium-firm
Your legacy is nature’s future
At the RSPB we know our connection to nature is irreplaceable. We must nurture and protect it, because without it we are lost.
That’s why we’re working tirelessly to tackle the biggest threats facing our world, so one day we can truly thrive together.
A gift in your Will to the RSPB is one of the most powerful ways you can support this mission for generations to come.
Request your RSPB Gifts in Wills guide at rspb.org.uk/legacy or call one of our Legacy Advisers on 01767 669700
People
Kazakhstan project wins Earthshot Prize
In November, the Altyn Dala Conservation Initiative, of which the RSPB is a partner, won the prestigious Earthshot Prize in the Protect and Restore Nature category. The prize recognises the initiative’s major successes in conserving and restoring the ecosystems of Kazakhstan’s steppe, wetlands and deserts. This work benefits
People
Box cleverer
When it comes to our homes, we all have slightly different tastes – and it’s the same for birds. That’s why the wooden nest boxes sold in the RSPB’s online shop come in a range of shapes, sizes and colours, designed to appeal to all.
The design and quality of these nest boxes is no happy accident. We’ve worked with the same family-run company, Admiral, for 15 years. Founded 35 years ago by John Rowbottom, Admiral is now managed by his son, Alec. Today, a dedicated team in Lincolnshire handcrafts, assembles and paints a bespoke range of products to exact specifications approved by the RSPB Conservation Science team, all using FSC ® certified timber sourced from Scandinavia. The results are high quality, with wonderful attention to detail – for example, each nest box hole is cut using specialist machinery to ensure a smooth, rounded edge for safe and smooth access for the
globally important populations of wildlife including Saiga Antelope, Steppe Eagle, Sociable Lapwing and the recently reintroduced Przewalski’s Horse.
Altyn Dala is one of the biggest conservation initiatives that the RSPB is part of, working across 75 million hectares (185 million acres) – an area equivalent in size to Turkey.
birds, which is not seen on cheaper or lesser-quality mass-produced nest boxes.
“We really value the long-standing relationship we have with the RSPB,” says Alec Rowbottom. “We are sure that the combination of their expertise and our manufacturing knowledge has led to the design of some beneficial and sustainable wooden products.”
Buy yours at rspb.org.uk/birdhouses
Species Cheers for Kittiwakes
Thirty conservation volunteers at RSPB Bempton Cliffs spent more than 500 hours this summer monitoring Kittiwake chicks (above) and found that, on average, each nesting pair raised 0.83 – above the critical level needed to maintain the population.
As Kittiwake are an ‘indicator’ species, this success offers hope for our other beleaguered seabirds.
People
Connecting people to nature
Nature reserve visits for diverse communities in Glasgow, Swiftfocused activities in Greater Manchester, ‘Nature Prescriptions’ in Cardiff and the West Midlands – these are just some of the ways we’re boosting connections with nature, thanks to £1,000,000 in funding raised by players of People’s Postcode Lottery.
These are among five RSPB projects comprising People Power for Nature, designed to help communities in seven towns and cities connect with nature – and contribute to protecting it. The award will also fund development of a Species Volunteer Network in Scotland and Wales (see p44), providing training and support to enable direct, skilled, hands-on action to recover and conserve critically declining species.
Words: Paul Bloomfield.
Photos: Arman Kibatov (ACBK); Martin Jones
Nature for the next generation
HPB has always strived to protect our natural heritage, looking after the environment and working closely with nature. Many of our properties in the UK are situated in National Parks or National Landscapes, with a number having achieved awards for their sympathetic architecture and natural landscaping. Both here and overseas, HPB always seeks to find the most beautiful and unspoilt locations.
By becoming a Bondholder, you’ll discover a refreshing new approach to the way you plan and enjoy your breaks. In fact, that’s what more than 40,000 holidaymakers have already done.
You can holiday in any of more than 1,500 HPB-owned properties at over 30 UK and European locations for the whole of your lifetime and then pass the benefits on to your children or grandchildren. An initial payment of as little as £5,000 means that you and your family can look forward to truly memorable holidays in beautiful places, with top quality accommodation year after year after year.
Request your free brochure today
Exclusive holidays for life An initial payment from £5,000 and a quarterly fee of under £38 (that is around £150 a year), which can increase in line with but not exceed the Retail Price Index Excluding Mortgage Interest (RPIX), gives you access to all HPB’s holiday homes. For each HPB holiday, you will pay a no-profit user charge covering only property running and maintenance costs and use of on-site facilities. The average charge is the same throughout the year, and for a studio is around £360 a week and £540 for a two bedroom property. Larger properties are also available. After an initial charge of 25% your money is invested in a fund of holiday properties and securities. The fund itself meets annual charges of 2.5% of its net assets at cost, calculated monthly. Your investment return is purely in the form of holidays and, as with most investments, your capital is at risk. You can surrender your investment to the company after two years or more (subject to deferral in exceptional circumstances) but you will get back less than you invested because of the charges referred to above, as well as other overheads and changes in the value of the fund’s properties and securities.
Ospreys over Loch Achray
HPB’s Tigh Mor Trossachs, beside Loch Achray in the Scottish Highlands
Treatthe childrenand grandchildren –toa family break in Devon
DiscovertheGarden of England – from our historic home in Kent
Something
Overnightwith friends –at our country hotel intheYorkshire Dales
Or choose from 28 other exclusive destinations…
Wild days out
Ynys-hir
Misty mountains, mighty oaks and winter waders in their thousands – this tucked-away treasure trove of wildlife wonders left the RSPB’s Cazz Jones a little bit chilly, somewhat soggy, but wanting more ‘wild times’
Visitor guide RSPB Ynys-hir, Machynlleth, Wales
Getting there
The nearest train station is Machynlleth. An hourly bus service runs between Machynlleth and Aberystwyth, stopping just a short walk from the nature reserve. By bike, take Sustrans route 8.
Entry
Free entry for RSPB members, £6 for adult non-members and currently free for 16-to-24year-olds.
Seasonal highlights
Ynys-hir is home to England and Wales’ only wintering population of Greenland Whitefronted Geese. Other species to see here include the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Goshawk and Goldeneye.
This season’s star species
Brambling, Teal, Pintail, Mistle Thrush, Skylark, Merlin, Peregrine, Hen Harrier, Marsh Harrier, Kestrel, Sparrowhawk and one particularly bold Goshawk.
Accessibility
Parking: There are two Blue badge spaces just 30 metres from the visitor centre.
Wheelchairs: There is a steep ramp to the visitor centre and a disabled portaloo on the car park level. Contact the nature reserve ahead of your visit for further information. Dogs: Assistance dogs only are welcome at the nature reserve.
More info rspb.org.uk/ynys-hir
There’s no such thing as bad weather, only unsuitable clothing,” said Alfred Wainwright in his famous walking book, A Coast to Coast Walk. I mumble this to myself as I zip up my raincoat on arrival at RSPB’s Ynys-hir reserve. Ever the optimist, I’m hoping for a break in the weather, but given that our planned visit has landed in between two of the country’s worst storms on record, I don’t hold out much hope for experiencing this stunning Welsh nature reserve at its finest. Nevertheless, with a spring in my step (and a soggy sandwich in my pocket!) I plough on, excited about what the day might bring.
beautiful Dyfi Valley, which is now recognised as being the only UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Wales,” Tom explains. “As a Warden here, I get a VIP pass to this extraordinary place, come rain or shine.”
Tom says that this site is blessed with a wide range of habitats and charismatic species, with some of his favourite species living within the woodlands and ffridd habitats. Management here is targeted towards Pied Flycatcher, Wood Warbler, Whinchat, lower plants, a range of rare invertebrates, Dormouse, Otter and an assemblage of bats. “No two days are the same,” he says. “And the wildlife encounters I’ve had in the quiet moments really make all the hard work more than worth the effort – it’s a very special place.”
Something for everyone
As the clouds lift, so too do my spirits, and I realise that Alfred Wainwright was definitely onto something; bring on the rain, the bluster and the cold – it’s as much a part of nature as the wildlife we long to see, and now that I’m out in it, I feel alive!
Previous: The splendid, wet world of Ynys-hir
1. In winter, the male Brambling’s dark head turns a mottled grey
2. Cazz and the Ynys-hir crew splash through a flooded footpath
3. Cazz greets the Ancient Welsh Cattle, who graze the nature reserve
4. Otters like to play around the wetlands of Ynys-hir
5. A Goshawk flies at Ynys-hir
6. Ynys-hir sits close to the mouth of the River Dyfi
I’m met by Site Manager David Anning, who is quick to introduce me to the rest of his team, including Visitor Experience Manager Beverly Dimmock, Warden Tom Kistruck and dedicated, longstanding volunteer Michael Hennessy. With the forecast checked, we decide this is as good as the weather is going to get, so even though the log burner beckons, and the loaded bird feeders wriggle with life, haste must be the order of the day.
Into the woods
Climbing the steps upon leaving the visitor centre, we’re met by the first of this site’s heavenly habitats – the Welsh Oak Woodland. Pied Flycatchers are almost a dead cert from April onwards, when the woodland really comes to life. But now, in the lull of winter, visitors can look forward to glimpses of Goshawk zooming through the tree cover, various tit and finch species including Redpolls, Siskins and the odd, elusive Brambling, to name but a few. Michael tells me that they’ve even been setting up audio recording kit in the hopes of capturing the kestrelesque ‘quee, quee, quee, quee’ of the Red-listed Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, too – eyes peeled!
We perch on a fallen tree and talk about the importance of Ynys-hir as a whole, as well as this particular slice of habitat. “Ynys-hir is set within the
‘Visitors can look forward to glimpses of Goshawk zooming through the trees’
On the brow of the hill, we meet a group of volunteers doing some Bracken and Bramble clearing. Michael tells me what it’s like to be a volunteer at the reserve: “These people aren’t just fellow volunteers, or staff – they’ve become a part of my life. You’ve come on a good day to see the reality of what we do in all weather. Just last week I was chest-deep in the river pulling out dead leaves and branches from the windfall caused by the storms. It was invigorating. Aside from my enjoyment of the work, I genuinely feel like I’m making a difference, and after all, isn’t that what life is all about?” With the mountains of Eryri (Snowdonia) to the north and the Cambrian mountains to the south, once you enter Ynys-hir, you feel completely enveloped by beauty. And the birds agree; it’s a haven for waders, ducks and geese!
We reach the top of the Welsh Oak Woodland, and what a view meets my eyes! I can see mudflats saltmarsh, lowland wet grasslands, freshwater pools, reedbeds and peat bog. Tom can see I’m dumbfounded by the patchwork of habitats that lie before me. He smiles as he realises I’ve just experienced the Ynys-hir ‘eureka’ moment and says, “That’s why this nature reserve is known as a hidden gem – to see all these habitats in one place, and to witness the wildlife that each habitat attracts going about their daily lives, is a real privilege to all who come here.” He says that many visitors come for the events, such as guided walks and talks and seasonal spectacles. Family pond dips are always a big hit with excited youngsters; squeals of glee erupt as they carefully scoop monster Great Diving Beetles and Water Scorpions from the water. Others find Ynys-hir simply by accident, trying to find the neighbouring Dyfi Osprey Project, or Borth Beach with its famous petrified tree stumps, and all are surprised by how special it really is. Some even see Ospreys hunting for fish down in the estuary.
Up hill and down dale
As we leave the green woodland trail and merge onto
‘I see Otter tracks heading away from the path and look for a moment, hoping to see their whiskered faces’
the red wetland trail, the heavens open once more. We hurry into the Ynys Feurig hide, one of five on the reserve. We unlatch the windows, pull up a pew and hold up our binoculars to eagerly scan the horizon. “Lapwing!” says Tom. “Curlew!” exclaims Michael. “There’s the Greenland White-fronted Geese!” I gasp. I’ve seen them! I’d been hoping for a sighting, as they’re England and Wales’ only wintering population, whose return visits are only made possible by the careful habitat management of the lowland wet grassland. The peat bog here is a particular win for the team on site. Initially drained for agriculture, and then used for conifer plantation, the bog has been carefully restored.
We tick off Teal, Wigeon, Knot, Pintail, Little and Great White Egret and some Canada, Greylag and Barnacle Geese. Tom tells me to keep my eyes peeled for a Goldeneye or two as well. In contrast to the sleepiness of the winter woodlands, the wetlands come alive in winter, with large numbers of wildfowl and waders arriving from Northern Europe. Mallard, Shoveler and Shelduck are here, too. Beverly tells me: “Lapwing numbers are around 700 and increasing, with Golden Plovers also feeding in their hundreds and Snipe no doubt numbering far more than the few we see when surveying. All make quite a spectacle en masse, making them a good identification challenge as individuals.”
the Blue trail begins – “Domen Las Hide is just over there. It’s closed at present, as our Red Kites are already preparing their nests ahead of the breeding season, but you can actually watch this section of the nature reserve via a live feed in the visitor centre!”
The edge of the saltmarsh is a great place to spot Short-eared Owls, Merlins, Marsh and Hen Harriers and various species from Kingfishers to Blackcaps. Great-crested Grebes are here, as are Oystercatchers, Redshanks and Goosanders. Come spring, even Spotted Flycatchers make an appearance and there’s Cetti’s, Sedge, Reed, Willow and Wood Warblers as well as Redstarts and Chiffchaffs. It really needs to be seen to be believed just how much you can find in such a comparatively small place!
Whatever the weather
Almost home and dry, I stop to do a double take as we pass one of the cutest little calves I’ve ever seen. Tom has to introduce us. “This is our newest member of the team, only a few days old,” he says. As well as the vast array of species and habitats, visitors can look forward to encounters with Ancient Welsh Cattle and, over by the lake, a herd of Welsh Mountain Ponies. They all play a vital role in habitat management done the good, old-fashioned way.
As we wade through a huge puddle, we chuckle about how ‘unlucky’ it appears for our visit to have fallen on such a day, but on reflection I’m left feeling that we visited on the perfect day. All reserves look wonderful on a sunny day, but a visit to Ynys-hir in the secretly delightful depths of winter, with some rather typical Welsh weather, is now etched in my memory as an exhilarating wildlife experience.
Before heading off, we reward ourselves with a warm-up by the fire, waterproofs drip-drying outside. We gaze at the feeders and the lake, and in the distance I see the herd of Welsh ponies grazing in the drizzle. David informs me that the Sparrowhawk made an explosive appearance just before we’d arrived back.
7. Little Egrets bicker over fishing rights
8. The lush wetlands of Ynys-hir
9. A flock of Greenland Whitefronted Geese launch into the sky
The drizzle subsides, so it’s time to head down the hill, along the boardwalk and past the reedbeds to end our journey, looking out towards the estuary saltmarsh. I see Otter tracks heading away from the path and look for a moment, hoping to see their whiskered faces. No joy, but I’m happy knowing they’re here. I pass prehistoric-looking pools and bogs laden in duckweed, dead wood and ferns. Various mosses and lichens adorn the floor and hang from the decaying trees that shoot up from the ground like ghosts in the mist. Red Kites circle above, and some resident Starlings, Linnets and Meadow Pipits zip about, but it’s quiet in this section of the nature reserve today. No matter – the landscape and habitats are a spectacular sight all on their own.
We leave the boardwalk, take a soggy seat on the reserve’s famous viewpoint bench and, with rain now dripping from the ends of our noses, we decide to make a hasty retreat back towards the visitor centre. Pace quickened, Tom quickly points out to me where
As we recount the highs and lows of our day, David speaks about his 10 years at the helm of Ynys-hir. “When one visits a site like Ynys-hir, you see an amazing place that is full of wonder,” he says. It’s a bit like opening a box of chocolates, really –everything looks fantastic. What you don’t see is the hard work; machines breaking down, volunteer work parties that are a wash out and no end of other minor disasters and mishaps that every nature reserve manager knows all too well. “What gets all of us through is knowing that we are all privileged to be part of the Ynys-hir story and we are always pushing to make the reserve better and better.”
Cazz Jones is a writer, editor and all-round nature lover, best known for heading up the RSPB’s suite of youth publications including Wingbeat, Wild Explorer and Wild Times
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forTogether nature
Your stories
‘Young or old, you can make a difference’
When I was in reception, my teacher showed us a picture of a whale that had died because of plastic pollution. Since then, I have been determined to do something for wildlife. I believe that all the animals and plants should be valued and protected.
My name is Aneeshwar and I am nine years old. I love to share my passion for the natural world with others. I have done many things of which I am very proud. I spoke about nature on Britain’s Got Talent and I have presented more than 20 keynote speeches around the world and inspired thousands of business leaders. I have campaigned for children to lead wildlife documentaries in the Children’s Media Conference, and I went on an Arctic expedition with a Polar wildlife scientist for the COP28 –Save Our Wildlife documentary by Sky Kids.
My expedition experiences are captured in my first-ever book, called The Adventures of a Young Naturalist – The Arctic Expedition. The RSPB has always motivated me and given me good knowledge about the wildlife around the UK. If the RSPB is not protecting our amazing bird life, then I won’t be able to experience and learn about them! That’s why I am donating the proceeds from my book to the RSPB.
I’m now working on two nature TV series and am preparing for a Tiger expedition in India. In my role as a Young Ambassador for The Kennedy Center, I’ll be collaborating with NASA to explore how space technology can aid in wildlife conservation on Earth. I’m looking forward to speaking about my passion at COP and the United Nations one day. However young or old, you can always make a difference. Please take small steps today to make a huge difference for the future generations.
Aneeshwar Kunchala
YOUR STORIES
Aneeshwar is the RSPB’s youngest ever philanthropist. You can buy his book, Adventure’s of a Young Naturalist: The Arctic Expedition, at aneeshwar kunchala.com
Words and photo: Aneeshwar Kunchala
Your say
Star letter
Hero’s journey
I recently completed an epic journey with four other middle-aged men, cycling from Land’s End to John O’ Groats. This iconic long-distance cycle ride covers the length of mainland UK from the gorgeous beaches of Cornwall to the stunning countryside of northern Scotland. We covered a total of 1,546km and climbed 17,622m (twice up Everest). We saw some fabulous countryside, visited some nature reserves and met so many amazing people across the country. Being in nature for a little over two weeks was a reminder of how important it is to protect and enhance our natural spaces. I managed to raise a little over £10,000 for the RSPB. Patrick Butcher
Ed: We’re very grateful for your incredible fundraising efforts, Patrick. Your donation will make a big difference for nature. Thank you.
Rescue mission
My daughter Sarah and her husband, Ben, were distressed to find three very young Pied Wagtails on the ground in their back garden, which must have fallen from their nests. Two sadly perished, but the third is doing well in his makeshift home in a cat food box. The parent birds are still in attendance, and the pet cat is confined to barracks for the duration. We’ve got everything crossed for the little bird’s survival. Update: he fledged and the parents were still in attendance! Hoping the little guy made it.
Heather White
The secret life of pigeons
For the last few years, I’ve been observing the secret lives of Feral
Pigeons and have been educated in the most unexpected way. To many, these misunderstood birds are seen as pests, but I’ve seen another side. Given time, they’ve shown me a vast array of personalities. They love the sun, just like us, and have a remarkable sense of hygiene, though people might think otherwise. They hog the tiny water bowl and start splashing to their hearts’ content, getting ever so upset if anyone dares to try to jump in, too. Now they line up outside and wait for their turn. They are intelligent and resilient. Each one becomes a companion, watching curiously as I potter about the garden. They give me a wonderful insight into the lives of wild birds.
Macy-Grace Devlin
The star letter wins a pair of RSPB 8x32 Avocet binoculars from our Viking Optical range –waterproof, nitrogen-filled and robust. To see the full range, visit rspbshop.co.uk
Happy memories
I was delighted to read the article on Titchwell Marsh. My husband and I ‘discovered’ Titchwell Marsh almost forty years ago and we looked forward to our annual visits when we would sit for hours watching the birds, listening to the chat in the hides and benefiting from the helpful advice of experts such as Ray. We would include a visit to the café and the shop. As I became more disabled and needed a mobility scooter, we found that the Marsh was perfect, with the paths providing their own interesting views and the hides giving perfect access with close-up views of the birds. Thank you for the article, which has brought back so many happy memories.
Christine Talbot-Cooper
Above: Patrick at the start of his journey at Land’s End
Here you go, little one
I heard a Great Spotted Woodpecker chick making lots of noise in Pitmedden forest in Auchtermuchty, Fife. I stood quietly underneath the branches of a nearby tree and watched. Then, to my amazement, a Great Tit approached and proceeded to feed the chick! It continued feeding in between the Great Spotted Woodpecker parents’ feeding. Amazing to watch.
Angela Pearson
Ed: Cross-species feeding is a really interesting topic and has been documented in a number of species. It’s still a bit of an unknown but the sound of begging chicks could certainly act as a stimulus to the other adults, who may have lost their nest but still have a strong instinct to feed. It is always fascinating to witness, though, even if it is still a bit of a wildlife mystery!
Good bee-haviour
I loved the recent article on wildlife gardening. I’ve planted my small garden on the edge of a large housing estate near Leeds with as many wildlife- and pollinatorfriendly plants as possible. I planted a native Rowan tree, which is great for insects in the spring; in the autumn, my resident Blackbirds feast on the berries. I have a special interest in bees, especially solitary bees, and for the last 10 years have had solitary bee boxes in my garden. I’ve had my most recent one for six years, and it’s been used by many different species, including potter and parasitic wasps and solitary bees. This year, for the first time, a Patchwork Leafcutter Bee used the box. I managed to get a few images of her entering the nesting tube!
Louise Godfrey
Crane connection
Thank you for your article about Cranes in the Summer/Autumn magazine. My deep interest was sparked by a visit to Slimbridge during their project raising young cranes from eggs for later release into the Somerset Levels. For a small fee, my sister and I dressed in white overalls with a mesh face covering and walked about holding little spoons of food on the end of sticks behind us to encourage the
chicks to follow us and feed. It was a delightful experience. Several years later, I visited again with my daughter and we saw a pair nesting in one of the lagoons and another couple with a young chick. I feel honoured that I took a small part in their reintroduction.
Shirley Lynch
Song
of
the Cuckoo
We were delighted to read the latest magazine issue, particularly the articles about Orkney and Forsinard. We spent May on a road trip around Scotland, visiting the mainland, Shetland, Orkney and Lewis. The landscapes and views are fantastic, and so is the natural environment. We have never seen so many seabirds, Curlews, Skylarks, Lapwings, magnificent birds of prey and day-flying Short-eared Owls, to name but a few. However, the most prevalent bird that we heard, but never saw, was the Cuckoo. We heard our first in Kilmartin Glen and then at every single place we stayed or visited during our trip, finishing off in Moffat a month later. One stay in Scourie, on the north-west coast, is remembered for the Cuckoo calls right through the night! It was a memorable holiday. The call of the Cuckoo will always take us right back there.
Janet and Mike Ousby
Outfit change
On a hot afternoon walk, my mum and I unexpectedly came across an enormous Grass Snake basking on a dirt track. It appeared completely oblivious to our presence, so I took the opportunity to snap some photos from a respectful distance. We’ve since discovered that the snake’s cloudy blue eyes were a sign that it was preparing to shed its skin. We left it in peace and returned to the spot the following week in search of a scaly souvenir. There was no sign of the sloughed skin, but to our surprise the grass snake was back, looking rather resplendent with its colourful new scales! It slipped silently away.
Joanna Hutchinson
Doing our best
We’ve been inspired to help give nature a home in our garden.
However, it hasn’t always gone to plan! There have been sparrows nesting in the Swift boxes and a Hornet’s nest in the Barn Owl box, and our small pond is full of Backswimmers that have eaten all the tadpoles! Oh well.
Guy Trevor-Jones
Vintage collection
I have a full set of RSPB mags going back 15–20 years. I’m happy to give them away for free if someone is willing to come collect them. If interested, email rspbmagazine@rspb.org.uk
Hazel Tovey
Below (top): Louise’s Patchwork Leafcutter Bee on its way into the bee box
Below (bottom): Joanna’s blue-eyed Grass Snake ready to shed its skin
Your photos
Star photo
Wet day, wet Jay
The expression on this Jay’s face speaks volumes about the wet summer we’ve had this year. This photo was taken in South Norfolk – I hope you like it!
Edward Russell
Send your wildlife photos to The RSPB Magazine. See page 3 for details
Our star amateur photo wins £250 to spend on anything at the RSPB Shop! From wildlife garden ideas to homewares, books and even chocolate, everything is produced in the most sustainable and nature-friendly way possible, and proceeds go directly towards wildlife conservation. So treat yourself or a loved one, safe in the knowledge that you’re supporting both wildlife and sustainable, ethical businesses.
1. Adult Marsh Tit by Samuel Smith
2. A Moorhen feeding its younger sibling by Lee Myers
3. Jackdaw by Meryn Woodland
4. Mallard by Peter Burrill
5. Pyramidal Orchid, Meadow Brown butterfly and Flower Crab Spider by Alice Haynes
6. Woodcock by Anita Turner
A forest garden has the look and feel of a young, open woodland, with plenty of sunny areas between the trees and shrubs.
Everything is ultra-sustainable, including the sedum-roofed and solar-panelled yurt.
In the forest garden
Adrian Thomas visits a garden in Somerset that’s an inspiring mix of food growing, sustainability and wildlife
“On a hill near a wood where nobody goes, up a track through a gate, the food forest grows.” This is the opening refrain of Rob Handy’s entertaining YouTube videos, which he’s been making since 2017. In them, we follow Rob as he creates his forest garden, a project he’s been working on for the last 11 years.
Forest gardening has been longknown in tropical areas but is only now becoming popular in the UK. In this style of gardening, trees, shrubs and (mainly) perennial plants are grown in a way that mimics the structure of young forest in a sustainable, low-intensity, lowmaintenance way. All the plants are
chosen to provide food, medicine, building materials, fuel and even toiletries and clothing. And because it’s all about creating a rich, balanced ecosystem, wildlife can thrive.
I was lucky enough to have a tour of Rob’s forest garden on a warm June day. When he took on the plot, it was essentially an empty field. He then set himself the challenge of growing 500 different types of edible plant. He’s up to 470 so far, and the result is a diverse habitat of shrubs, trees and vegetables dotted throughout meadows which, when I visited, bobbed with Meadow Brown and Large Skipper butterflies.
The overall effect of the forest garden is not of a meticulously tended plot. “Nature isn’t neat,” Rob says, “and control is detrimental to the system. For example, I don’t weed at all.”
The element that looks most managed is the grass paths, but even the lawn mowers are sustainable. “Three geese equal one sheep in term of grass mowing,” Rob says. “And they lay eggs!”
The garden showcases the ultimate in sustainable living, all created on almost no budget. For example, Rob’s yurt is made of camel hair and the sail from an old boat with old sheets as insulation. The sedum roof is waterproof thanks to
These ladies are both egg suppliers and fossil fuel-free lawn mowers!
a recycled pond liner. And while lighting is sometimes powered by solar panels, Rob is always thinking about how to use less electricity, so he makes candles from beeswax and Bog Myrtle berries.
I was keen to know what role wildlife has here. “It is central,” Rob says, “because nature helps with food production and pollination and with helping create a healthy, resilient system.” Since planting the garden, the amount of wildlife has just exploded. Rob tells me: “I now have resident Barn Owls and Tawny Owls, a pair of breeding Kestrels, and there are Grass Snakes, Adders, newts and so much more.”
As you can tell, this isn’t a garden with a sole focus on wildlife – it’s a garden that’s all about living in tune with nature, and of being part of nature. It’s a truly glorious place, both in its simplicity and in its detail.
Rob’s 3 tips for forest gardens
1
“I’m not a good gardener – I’m just not afraid of trying. If it works, I just keep doing it! Ultimately, just give it a go; don’t be scared.”
2
“Everything starts with the soil. I never dig the ground – I put down cardboard from a local supermarket and cover it with wood chip from tree surgeons or the local council. After about a year, the whole thing turns into a beautiful compost.”
3
“Nature knows best! For example, I planted four raspberry plants where I thought they should be. They have long since moved on from there and have put themselves where they want to be. Now I have thousands!”
1. The Chimney Sweeper is an unusual sun-loving moth that abounds in Rob’s sunny meadow areas where their caterpillar foodplant, Pignut, grows
2. The yurt roof is a bed of flowering sedums, helping insulate the yurt as well as providing food for pollinators
3. In a forest garden, the larger trees are dotted sparsely through meadow areas
4. A male Broad-bodied Chaser dragonfly on guard at Rob’s spring-fed pond. In the ponds, Watercress and Duck Potato add to the food forest
Together for nature Your gardens
How to:
Make a forest garden
Rob’s garden is a hectare (2.5 acres) in size, but you can follow the ethos of the forest garden in any garden, even very small spaces.
You start by planting a canopy layer, typically of fruit trees such as apples, pears or plums. These can be bought on rootstocks that determine the ultimate size of the tree, so choose ones that won’t outgrow your garden. Plant sparingly –you’re not creating a dark woodland!
Activity Go sustainable!
Rob pushes the boundaries of how to live as sustainably as possible. Could you garden more sustainably, too? Here are some ideas to try:
Grow plants from seed rather than buying in pots
Lift slabs or decking to create more areas for growing
Cut down on fossil fuel use in the garden
Have a total plastic embargo
Collect rainwater
Make compost
Spend more time in the garden, growing things for you and wildlife to eat – and being part of nature!
Under these, plant a shrub layer, such as blackcurrants, gooseberries and raspberries. Then, for the ground layer, plant herbs and annual vegetables in sunny areas, plus perennial crops such as Wild Strawberries or beneficial plants such as Comfrey for natural fertiliser.
Aim, above all, for a wide diversity of plants rather than a monoculture, and then allow it to evolve. Wildlife diversity will soon follow!
What to grow Blackcurrant Ribes nigrum
This is Rob’s ‘go-to’ forest garden plant because it’s good for so many things – smoothies, jam, syrup, wine and, of course, wildlife.
It’s native to northern Europe and Asia, but not to the UK. However, it’s very happy in our climate.
The original wild plant has long been cultivated by humans, with varieties bred to have larger berries and heavier crops.
They grow in any soil, in shade or sun, and hardly need any watering.
In winter, cut a third of the oldest stems back to the ground to prompt fresh new growth that will bear the fruit next year.
The inconspicuous flowers are much-visited by a range of pollinators, especially solitary bees and bumblebees.
Blackbirds and Song Thrushes will help eat any berries that you don’t!
Check out all of Rob’s videos at ‘Rob’s Discovery’ on YouTube
Spotlight on: Garden butterflies
There are just 57 resident butterfly species in the UK, not including two regular migrants and a small number of occasional visitors. However, several are specialists of natural habitats, so most gardens can expect 10–15 species – maybe a few more if you live near rich habitats such as downland or woodland.
Typical garden visitors include Red Admiral, Holly Blue, Speckled Wood, Peacock and Comma, plus the ‘cabbage whites’ – aka Large, Small and Green-veined Whites. The most recent State of the UK’s Butterflies report in 2022, collated by Butterfly Conservation, found that 80% of butterfly species in the UK have decreased in either abundance, distribution or both since 1976. And in 2024, the oganisation declared a “nature emergency” for butterflies. As gardeners, we can really help. The adult butterflies only nectar on a few flower species, and the caterpillars are even more picky about the plant leaves they eat. Learn and then grow these plants so you can help boost the butterfly numbers in your area.
I live close to Gloucester city centre, far from any lakes or woodland. To create ponds in my garden, I added three children’s paddling pools. All are on hardstanding, each one a little higher than the other, with a slightly different plant mix in in each. I’ve had frogs in them for about 12 years. The oldest was a very large female (Rose); she was eight when she died in 2021. I’ve attracted six species of dragonfly and damselfly, over 20 species of hoverfly and Dilochopodid flies, which are great to watch as they signal to each other. I also have a cattle drinking butt, in which are Water Slaters (Gammarus). About mid-April, I watch them form up into regiments and march around the butt until, rather like the Grand Old Duke of York, they end up where they started. But best of all, my ponds are visited by bats. Bob Axworthy, Gloucester
Adrian says: It is always inspiring to hear of creative ways that people find to help wildlife in situations that, at first glance, might seem quite unpromising. Bob’s Dilochopodid flies are a diverse group of flies that tend to be called the long-legged flies. One species to look out for at garden ponds is Poecilobothrus nobilitatus
Nature on Your Doorstep is our online resource to help you help wildlife in your outside space, whether that be a garden, balcony, window box, allotment or community project. You’ll find information on designing a wildlife garden, controlling unwanted visitors without chemicals, volunteering and much more! Take the next step on your journey with us at rspb.org.uk/ natureonyourdoorstep
If you have a space you have transformed with wildlife in mind please tell us about it at rspbmagazine@rspb.org.uk
Start your journey
Large Skipper butterfly
Common Knapweed
Together for nature Your questions
Your questions
Questions answered by India James and Molly Brown, RSPB Wildlife team Ask us about wildlife at YourQuestions@rspb.org.uk
Should I worry about a Common Frog with leeches?
Sara Jennings
In the UK, there are 17 known species of freshwater leeches, some of which may feed on live amphibians. A species of leech previously unknown in the UK, Batracobdella algira, has recently been found in southern England, seen mostly around the eyes and throat of Common Toads or across the body of Common Frogs (similar to the feeding behaviour of other leeches). Leeches play an important role in our ecosystem and so far, there’s no evidence of amphibian population impact. However, you can report unwell amphibians to gardenwildlifehealth.org
Which is which?
Tree Sparrow vs. House Sparrow
In the UK, we have two species of sparrow: the House Sparrow and the Tree Sparrow. House Sparrows are one of the UK’s most familiar birds, while Tree Sparrows are less common. Both species have been facing severe declines and unfortunately are now Red Listed for conservation concern. These small brown birds spend a lot of their time in flocks and can be seen in areas of farmland, urban and suburban habitats.
Tree Sparrow
• Smaller in size than the House Sparrow
• Chestnut brown crown (male and female birds have similar plumage)
• White cheeks with small black patches
• Black bib doesn’t reach beyond the throat
• Shy birds who prefer to nest in hedgerows and woodland edges
Why are Blue Tits pecking at our garden mirror?
Terry Cripps
This behaviour is most likely due to the birds’ confusion at seeing their own reflections. They may think the reflections are rivals in their territory, or they may just be curious. We also get reports of birds attacking their reflections in windows, particularly during the nesting season, but it can happen at any time of the year. Unfortunately, the only way to stop this behaviour is to remove the reflection, so we would recommend removing the mirror (or covering it).
Garden mirrors can sometimes become an issue for bird collisions as well.
House Sparrow
• Larger than the Tree Sparrow
• Males have a grey crown while females have a buff-coloured crown
• Males have a black bib down their chest
• No black cheek patches in either sex
• Closer association with people and more likely to nest in roof spaces
Photos: Gillian Pullinger (Alamy Stock Photo); Kevin Sawford, Nick Upton (both rspb-images.com);
Illustrations: Mike Langman (rspb-images.com)
I have found a tit nest in a cigarette bin. How can I report this?
Roger Brookes
As cavity nesters, tit species will take advantage of spaces with small entrance holes where they feel safe, and this can sometimes include more unusual places such as cigarette bins. The Bird Group at the Natural History Museum, London, based in Tring, Hertfordshire, are interested in examples of any birds nesting in man-made locations, eg traffic lights, post boxes or electric car charging points. Douglas G. D. Russell, Senior Curator of Eggs & Nests at the Natural History Museum (NHM), is especially interested in examples of birds nesting in wallmounted cigarette bins. If you find one, it would be great if you could report this to the Natural History Museum. Please contact Douglas Russell via email d.russell@nhm.ac.uk or phone on 0207 942 6154 during office hours.
Blue Tit
What bird is this?
Martin Reynolds
This lovely woodland bird is a Brambling! They are very social birds and are often found flocking together with Chaffinches during the colder months, and are similar in size. They come to the UK after migrating here to escape the freezing temperatures in Scandinavia. Bramblings are similar in size to the Chaffinch and males have a warm orange breast, white belly, black wings with white patches and a mottled black/ brown head, though their head looks more black in summer. Female Bramblings have similar plumage; however, their colours appear more muted. When they fly, you may be able to identify them by looking for their white rumps. You’ll see them in autumn, winter and early spring in many places across the UK.
How to…
Deal with slugs
A recent study by RHS found that many of the typical non-toxic barriers (such as copper tape, bark mulch and eggshells) have no reduction in slug damage. The RHS concluded that it’s better to learn to live alongside slugs and snails, and we agree. While it can be frustrating when slugs munch on your plants, they are natural members of a healthy ecosystem. They play their part by breaking down dead plant material and are a food source for garden visitors such as thrushes, frogs and Slow Worms. If necessary, you can bait slugs by putting down a piece of damp cardboard under a stone and relocating them to your compost heap.
Correction
In the Autumn/Winter 2024 issue of The RSPB Magazine, we made a mistake with the labelling of a photograph of some fungi. On page 15, in our fungi identification piece, we wrongly identified a picture of Dead Moll’s Fingers (Xylaria longipes) as Dead Man’s Fingers (Xylaria polymorpha). While we make every effort to be accurate, sometimes errors do slip through our careful checks. Thank you to David Mitchell, author of A Brush with Fungi, for spotting this for us.
Photos: Richard Revels
Sabrina
Jane Blackbird
(Alamy
Stock
Photo); Martin Reynolds
Dead Man’s Fingers
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Revise & refocus
The RSPB is making some changes to the way it works with business, runs its nature reserves and fights for wildlife-friendly policies, all to build a brighter future for nature and humans alike. Jamie Wyver explains…
This is a critical time for conservation. The new UK Government has a lot to grapple with, so the RSPB will have to work hard to ensure nature is at the heart of any changes. The future depends on how we respond to today’s challenges.
Reserved for nature
The RSPB manages over 200 nature reserves, which provide vital habitats for over 18,700 species of wildlife and bring people and communities closer to nature. They are the jewels in the RSPB’s crown and a huge priority for the organisation. However, there will need to be some changes soon. Over the past two years, the RSPB has been working to focus its resources where they’re most needed.
“Like we’ve all found at home, everything costs considerably more than it did two years ago,” explains Chief Operating Officer James Robinson. “Our income has continued to grow strongly, but not at the same rate as our costs have grown.”
The largest expenditure for the RSPB is its nature reserves. In 2024, the RSPB reviewed each of its sites across the UK to decide where the charity could make the most difference for nature and climate while also creating better nature havens for members to visit. Following consultations with staff, proposed changes to some of these reserves will begin in 2025.
In the coming years, this will likely mean some sites will focus primarily on their incredible conservation work, while others will aim to boost their profiles as visitor destinations. Additional sites will reduce facilities where they’re proving unprofitable and staff time is best focused on delivering conservation outcomes.
“To be clear, this doesn’t mean selling off large areas of land to the highest bidder, and it doesn’t mean that any of our flagship reserves will disappear,” says James. “But in a small number of cases, we are reducing our work in particular places in order to do more elsewhere.”
At some sites (fewer than 1%) this will mean working in partnership with other charities, community groups or local councils to find sustainable futures for these places. See a list of affected nature reserves at rspb.org.uk/changes-onour-reserves
We are also developing our education approach,
which will keep young people at the heart of what we do.
At the time of writing, the changes proposed are likely to have an impact on staffing and volunteering across our nature reserve network.
“We don’t make these decisions lightly,” James says. “And we really appreciate all our colleagues’ years of hard work and dedication.” Following this thorough review, the RSPB now has a much sharper focus on where conservation action is needed.
“I’m a birder, and I think that RSPB nature reserves are still the best places to go birdwatching in the UK,” James adds. “That won’t change. But from now on we’ll be even more focused on where the generous support of our members can have the biggest impact, boosting numbers of birds and wildlife and restoring the vital habitats they need.” We’re continuing to grow the area of land that we manage and conserve for nature year-on-year. We’ll keep members updated on these changes in future issues of the magazine.
Business matters
Previous: People planting reed seedlings as part of a reedbed creation project at RSPB Langford Lowfields
1. Managed well, solar farms can benefit nature
2. RSPB CEO Beccy Speight (right) and Katie-Jo Luxton at the Restore Nature
Now march in London, June 2024
3. Sites such as RSPB Titchwell Marsh are vital for nature; in 2021, 226 bird species were recorded there
4. Many RSPB nature reserves, such as RSPB Forsinard
Flows, store huge amounts of carbon in their habitats
5. RSPB nature reserve buildings combine energy saving with homes for nature
‘Over the past two years, the RSPB has been working to focus its finite resources’
The RSPB is also currently reviewing how we work with businesses. These partnerships allow the RSPB to influence change towards nature-friendly practices in the private sector and boost income. You may have seen the RSPB’s recent partnership with Omaze, who generate millions for charities through their House Draws. This was a new way of fundraising for the RSPB, and the Cornwall House Draw supporting our work raised a phenomenal £4.9m to help protect and restore our peatlands.
“This was the highest amount in Omaze’s history, and we’re very grateful to all the RSPB members who took part in the draw,” says Katie Wakefield, Head of Business Engagement. “The draw also helped us reach a huge new audience.”
Working with businesses also means the RSPB can reach new sectors. Thanks to advice from the RSPB, landscape company idverde is now creating award-winning and wildlife-friendly green spaces for clients including Manchester City Football Club. So far, the RSPB has advised idverde on making over 2,289ha of space well-managed for nature.
“But we want to have even more impact. We could just work with businesses whose practices regarding nature are already perfect,” says Katie, “but if we did that, we wouldn’t be helping those that need to make improvements. That would be an injustice to nature.”
Katie explains that the RSPB has a thorough process for deciding on potential business partners and won’t enable greenwashing. Businesses need to be on a genuine pathway to becoming nature friendly.
Good energy
One key group for RSPB collaboration is the renewable energy sector, which plays a crucial role in tackling the climate crisis but can also cause harm when infrastructure is built in the wrong place.
To reach targets, the UK needs to massively increase its use of renewables. The Climate Change Committee report in July 2024 stated that, to meet
Words: Jamie Wyver. Photos: Chris O’Reilly, Eleanor Bentall, Ernie Janes, David Norton (all rspb-images.com); Euan Myles. Previous: Sam Turley (rspb-images.com)
You can help Volunteers make a difference
Over 12,000 volunteers now generously give their time to the RSPB. They’ve played a critical role in the charity’s mission ever since it was founded. Now, a pioneering initiative with volunteers in Northern Ireland will soon make a difference across the UK. The Species Volunteer Network, started in 2022, puts volunteers at the heart of key conservation projects, monitoring the progress of rare species.
The project’s Volunteer Skills Passport records the stage each volunteer has reached through training – for example, raptor identification or ecological surveying. This recognises the hard work of the volunteers and could also benefit their careers in conservation.
A passion for service
Some volunteers have been working on the Red Kite reintroduction project from the beginning. One, Ron, was involved in bringing the first batch of kites over from Wales in 2008 (see page 8). This year, the Northern Ireland Red Kites have successfully raised 32 chicks.
“As well as volunteers in County Down with Red Kites, Yellowhammers and other farmland birds, we have volunteers working on Corncrakes on Rathlin Island and Swifts across Northern Ireland,” says Project Officer Shannon Plummer.
In 2023, 424 volunteers worked on projects as part of the Species Volunteer Network in Northern Ireland and England. The network, and passport, will soon be expanded through Scotland and Wales.
Find out how you can volunteer at rspb.org.uk/volunteering
2030 targets, the four nations will need to triple offshore wind energy generation, double onshore wind energy generation and also increase the use of solar installations by five.
“And this all needs to be built fast for climate action,” says Isobel Morris, Senior Policy Officer. “But it’s important that we don’t build renewable energy projects in areas that are important for nature. We will oppose plans where they endanger conservation efforts – for example, where they threaten globally important seabirds already under pressure from climate change and avian flu.”
An RSPB study from August 2024, which looked at onshore wind and solar energy, concluded that it’s possible to build enough renewable energy infrastructure to support a net zero energy sector without significant negative impacts. “If you build a solar farm – which we need more of – on land that was previously intensively farmed, and put wildflower strips between the panels, you can increase biodiversity,” Isobel adds.
The RSPB has been advising solar provider Lightrock Power on ways to enhance biodiversity across their sites. Since 2021, we’ve helped them make 500+ hectares better managed for nature. This is alongside the generation of 87 megawatts (MW) of electricity from the company’s solar installations.
Homes for all
The UK Government has promised to build 1.5 million homes for people within five years. But could this result in fewer homes for wildlife? The RSPB’s work with Barratt Developments plc at Kingsbrook, near Aylesbury, has shown this doesn’t always need to be the case. With increases in bird numbers, the nature-friendly housing development shows that people and wildlife can live side by side.
Carl Bunnage is Head of Nature Policy for the RSPB in England. He says: “We agree change is needed to the planning system. But that change has very much got to put nature front and foremost.”
Carl and his team are now responding to a consultation on the National Planning Policy Framework. “It’s a very important document, which really shapes how councils operate across the land and how they make decisions on development proposals in their areas,” Carl explains.
In early 2025, there may be a new Planning and Infrastructure Bill. The RSPB is sharing ideas with the Government about how to make the planning system more nature friendly. Encouragingly, developments that benefit wildlife are now more commonly discussed. Carl believes this is thanks to key decision makers visiting places like Kingsbrook.
Spaces for nature
A major focus for the RSPB in the future will be landscape-scale conservation. The RSPB is a partner in the Species Coastal and Wetlands Programme, funded by the Government’s Species Survival Fund, a fund developed by Defra and delivered by The National Lottery Heritage Fund. This is a major coastal and wetland restoration project across south-east England. It runs for 18 months and will enhance habitats for threatened species such as Lapwing, Redshank and Water Vole. The programme will restore and create 246ha of grazing marsh, 7,500m2 of saline lagoons, 4ha of reedbed and 0.5ha of vegetated islands, making these habitats better able to withstand drought and rising sea levels.
6. Wildflower verges and trees help support bees, beetles and butterflies at Kingsbrook Development by Barratt Homes, created in partnership with the RSPB
7. Wind turbines, such as these on The Wirral, need to be carefully placed
8. RSPB staff have been carefully monitoring Gannet populations since the avian flu epidemic
9. Turtle Doves are one of the UK’s rarest birds
Through Operation Turtle Dove, a partnership between the RSPB, Natural England, Fair to Nature and the Pensthorpe Conservation Trust, we are working with farmers to provide over 200 hectares of foraging habitat. By 2023, the western European Turtle Dove population had increased by 25%, after just two years of a hunting moratorium in France, Spain and Portugal. With more years of no hunting, the effect should soon be felt in the UK.
Thank you
The RSPB needs to be bold, proactive and resilient. Your support means a great deal, and it’s vital that your membership fees are put to the best possible use to restore birds, wildlife and their habitats. Look out for news in The RSPB Magazine. If you are planning a trip to an RSPB nature reserve, please check details online.
MADAGASCAR COASTAL ODYSSEY
Discover the wildlife & wonders of Madagascar aboard the MS Island Sky 2nd to 19th December 2025 & 16th December 2025 to 3rd January 2026*
The term ‘unique’ is an often-overused description in the travel world but certainly applies to the island of Madagascar. The animals, plants, landscapes and people that make up this thousand mile long island are unlike anywhere else in the world There is minimal infrastrture in many parts of the island and for those wishing to explore in some depth, doing so by small ship, especially one as well-suited as the MS Island Sky is far preferable to exploring by any other means
INDIAN OCEAN
Nosy Hara
Mahajanga
Toamasina Nosy Tanihely
Morondava
Diego Suarez
Vohemar
Domaine de Bobangira
Nosy Mangabe
Masoala National Park
MADAGASCAR
Andavadoaka Nosy Hao
Tulear
Our voyage offers opportunities to explore forests full of wildlife including lemurs, chameleons and indigenous birdlife as well as witnessing the underwater world and village life. Our days will be spent exploring ashore, often traversing over rugged terrain and walking through spectacular forests and each evening we will have the benefit of returning to our comfortble ship to relax and look forward to the next adventure With the vessel’s fleet of Zodiacs for forays ashore, allowing access to some wonderful places denied to larger ships, you can enjoy encounters with fabulous endemic wildlife in this immensely rich and timeless corner of the Indian Ocean Our onboard experts will greatly enrich your experience and ensure that we make the most of our time on the world’s “eighth continent”.
MS ISLAND SKY is one of the finest small ships in the world With a maximum passenger capacity of only 118, the all-suite vessel has the benefit of unusually large accommodation, public areas and spacious outside decks All suites feature a sitting area and some have a private balcony The spacious and finely decorated public rooms include a lounge, elegant bar, library and a single seating dining room. Outside there is a rear sun deck, a bar and comfortable deck furniture The atmosphere on board is akin to a private yacht or country hotel A little music in the lounge or bar after dinner, talks from the onboard speakers, informative port briefings and of course good food which may be enjoyed leisurely in the attractive dining room, all contribute to making any voyage aboard the MS Island Sky a memorable experience
Mauritius
Reunion Island
THE ITINERARY IN BRIEF
Day 1 London to Mauritius Fly by scheduled indirect flight
Day 2 Mauritius Arrive this morning and transfer directly to the MS Island Sky
Day 3 Reunion Island We arrive at breakfast in Reunion where we have a choice of excursions On a full day tour we will visit the central highlands where the verdant landscape is dotted with villages and towns with a uniquely French atmosphere After enjoying a creole lunch in a local restaurant we will visit ‘La Cite du Volcan’ museum Alternatively enjoy a morning tour to a vanilla plantation in Saint Andre where we learn about the history and culture of this integral part of Reunion’s heritage Continue to Salazie, a verdant landscape and home to many waterfalls including the ‘Voile de la Mariee’ before spending some free time in Saint Denis
Day 5 Toamasina, Madagascar Our first call in Madagascar is Toamasina, the gateway to the Ivoloina Zoological Parc, a 282 hectare property combining a small zoo where we will see up to a dozen species of lemur as well as indigenous tortoises and chameleons In the surrounding forest we can see free roaming wild lemurs and other wildlife along the various lakeside walking trails
Days 6 & 7 Masoala National Park & Nosy Mangabe We will spend two days exploring from our anchorage in Antongil Bay We discover Nosy Mangabe, a 520-hectare island reserve and one of the most diverse areas of virgin rainforest in Madagascar which has also been an important research centre since the mid-1960s when several aye-ayes and other lemurs were released into the forest We will also explore Madagascar’s largest National Park, the Masoala Peninsula
Day 8 Domaine de Bobangira. After a morning at sea we arrive over lunch at the port of Vohemar, our base for an afternoon at the Domaine de Bobangira This reserve on the Indian Ocean has wild, unspoiled beaches and is home to fat-tailed dwarf lemurs, the diurnal whiteheaded lemur, Brookesia and various species of chameleons
Day 9 Diego Suarez This morning you can choose from a city tour taking in the Commonwealth Cemetery, the faded colonial grandeur of Place Joffre, and a baobab viewpoint at French Mountain; or alternatively, drive up to Amber Mountain National Park at an elevation of 3,200ft, where we will divide into short and long walking parties to explore the pristine rainforest In the towering vegetation, we may spot Sanford’s brown and crowned lemurs, as well as chameleons
Day 10 Nosy Hara. Having sailed around the northern tip of Madagascar we start our journey along the western coast of Madagascar where we will find a number of strangely shaped limestone islets that dot the aquamarine sea The expedition team will decide on the most suitable island for landing, such as Nosy Hara with its abundant birdlife and great places to swim off the beach We will spend the day exploring the island on foot or alternatively join a Zodiac cruise around the islands with a chance to snorkel over the coral
Day 11 Nosy Tanihely We spend the morning at the Nosy Tanihely Island Marine Reserve, an uninhabited island which offers snorkelling opportunities and wonderful beaches We will take the opportunity to either swim in the clear waters or snorkel over the corals Alternatively explore the island where we may see the resident lemurs, skinks, fruit bats and hermit crabs
Day 12 Mahajanga Mahajanga is a major port in northwest Madagascar situated on the Betsiboka River and is our base for a full day tour of the surrounding area We will commence with a drive to Lake Mangatsa, a sacred site of many legends where we will learn about local traditions as we search for lemurs, chameleons and birds in the trees Lunch will be served at the Antsanitia Resort where there will be an opportunity to swim or enjoy a walk along the beach and visit the village
Day 13 At Sea Spend a leisurely day on board as we continue our journey
Day 14 Morondava From our anchorage off the town of Morondava, we will use the Zodiacs to land on the local beach From here there will be a choice of excursions to explore the local region This morning we will explore Zazamalala Forest, a protected area that is home to a number of species of lemurs, birds, reptiles and plants, and also the base for a breeding centre for critically endangered species of turtles and tortoises We will then head to the Avenue des Baobabs where we will learn about the trees and their spiritual significance Alternatively, join a full day excursion to Kirindy Forest (subject to road conditions at time of visit), a 10,000 hectare, dry deciduous forest where the flora and fauna includes many endemic species
Day 15 Andavadoaka & Nosy Hao Today we will anchor off the small fishing community of Andavadoaka, home to the Vezo fishing people The area offers the most diverse marine ecosystem on the southwest coast It is also the flagship project for Blue Ventures, a marine conservation society that has helped the local villagers invest in their community We hope to learn more about the local projects before sailing over lunch to Nosy Hao to discover the sandy white beaches where we can enjoy a swim in the warm waters
Day 16 Tulear. Our final call will be at Tulear from where we have a choice of tours this morning
Maybe visit the Antsokay Arboretum which is entirely devoted to the conservation of the plants from the southwest of Madagascar Alternatively, visit the Reniala Private Reserve, a small area of just 60 hectares but containing a spiny forest which is unique to southeastern Madagascar and is a haven for birders
Day 17 Tulear to London Disembark and transfer to the airport for our specially chartered flight to Johannesburg Connect here with our scheduled flight to London
Day 18 London. Arrive this morning
PRICES & INCLUSIONS
Special offer prices per person based on double occupancy start from £11295 for a Standard Suite
WHAT’S INCLUDED:
Economy class scheduled international air travel • Overnight hotel accommodation in Johannesburg with breakfast (16th Dec departure only) • Specially chartered flight between Johannesburg and Tulear • 15 nights aboard the MS Island Sky on a full board basis • House wine, beer and soft drinks with lunch and dinner • Noble Caledonia expedition team • Shore excursions • Gratuities • Transfers • Airport taxes • Port taxes
Day 4 At Sea Spend the day at sea
David Lindo
Can we be friends with wildlife?
David
Lindo is The Urban Birder and founder of The Urban Birder World, theurbanbirder world.com
As humans, we often hold ourselves up as uniquely different to the rest of nature. Indeed, we consider ourselves as not part of nature. It’s there as a sideshow for our delectation or for us to plunder and abuse.
Despite our collective lack of connection with nature, many of us, when confronted with a wild and seemingly friendly animal, can strike up incredible bonds with other creatures. I know so many people who think that they are on personal terms with their local Robin or have in-depth relationships with the Grey Squirrels that they see in the park. So long as there is no direct interference with the animals, I think that this kind of connection is very healthy and good for the soul and your wellbeing.
It’s when we interfere that problems can develop. I will never forget the Fox that lived in the cemetery near my home in West London. It had a limp and survived on a daily diet of cheese and pickle sandwiches, provided by workmen who obviously felt sorry for it. As a consequence, the animal was over-friendly, bordering on being unnaturally in-your-face.
My first connection with a wild animal was when I was eight years old. During play break in primary school, I had found a seemingly abandoned fledging House Sparrow on the ground in the school woods. Its parents were nowhere to be seen, so I placed the mite on a branch, christened it ‘Fudge’ and tried to feed it while waiting for its parents to show up. By the end of play break the parents hadn’t returned. So, I left
‘I know so many people who think that they are on personal terms with their local Robin’
Fudge, telling him to stay put and that I would be back at lunchtime. I even promised to share some of my lunch with him. When I returned, Fudge had disappeared. I was naturally very disappointed but hoped that his family had come to pick him up. I felt that the two of us had become friends during the brief time I was with him.
When it comes to my relationships with wild animals, I would not describe myself as being overly sentimental or prone to bouts of anthropomorphism. My connections are more spiritual. The encounters reminded me of my place within this natural world; I am an intrinsic part of it.
I remember once walking alone in a wooded island called Seurasaari in Helsinki, Finland. I quietly stood by a pine tree and noticed a Red Squirrel on a nearby tree. It too had noticed me, and instead of running off it ran down the trunk and began making its way towards me. It stopped a few feet from me and we both looked at each other. It was as if we were communicating, as it appeared to have no fear of me.
My Dr Dolittle moment continued when I noticed a nearby foraging Great Tit. It came closer and closer until it landed on my cap. The next few seconds were spent happily experiencing this bird alternately jumping from my head to a nearby branch and back. I have never felt more connected to nature or more at one with the environment than I was at that moment in time.
It’s an amazing thing to build up a connection with an individual or group of animals. But you don’t need to see the same Hedgehog every night or be visited by a Robin whenever you’re out gardening to experience a human and nature bond. Try to connect with nature wherever you encounter it. Not only will it be a joy to experience the moment, but you’ll also be feeding your spirit at the same time. What a perfect way to enjoy life.
Port Isaac Cottage for 6 in bygone fishing hamlet on N coast. Washer-dryer, dishwasher, PC + wireless broadband, full CH. Gardens. Pets welcome. £350 (winter) – £1070 pw. Tel: 01208 880106
Stay 15mins walk from RSPB Marazion Marsh at our historic coaching inn with 11 super-comfy ensuite rooms & award-winning restaurant. Sea-view rooms available, just metres from the tidal island of St Michael’s Mount. 01736 710334. marazionhotel.co.uk
Nr Penzance 2 remote cottages on Penwith moors. Slps 2-4. Available all year. See for miles across fields & heathland down to the sea. Nr Marazion Marsh & Hayle Estuary. Tel: 01736 363677. www.dingdongcottages.co.uk
Lake District, Ravenglass. Enchanting coastal cottage, sleeps 3, panoramic sea/estuary views. Near Drigg, Duddon, St Bees, Hawk & Owl Centre, Eskdale, Wasdale, Scafell. www.rosycot.co.uk 01946 723413
Next to Leighton Moss, Lancs/Cumbria border & Gait Barrow AONB. B&B overlooks Haweswater Lake. Challan Hall. 01524 701054
Otters, owls, dipper, kingfisher Separate annexe, slps 2, near river with 34 acres. On Devon/Cornwall border 01566 784196. www.coombemillshippen.co.uk
Exmoor, nr Dulverton. Very comfy cottage in tranquil secret setting, fine views, direct access ancient woodland nature reserve (SSSI), moor & river. Ideal location for birdwatching and walking. Sleeps 2-4. Tel/fax: 01225 464 232. www.mounseyend.co.uk
Glorious North Devon. Only 9 cosy caravans on peaceful farm. Wonderful walks in woods & meadows. Easy reach sea, moors & lovely days out. £125-£395pw. Discount couples. Nice pets welcome. 01769 540366 www.snapdown.co.uk
NORTH DORSET AONB
Luxury Self Catering within Dark Skies Area www.relaxdorset.co.uk 07833 287813
Nr. Weymouth. Comfortable VE4★ cottage slps 4. Nr Jurassic coast & bird reserves. 01305 760120. www.stonebank-chickerell.co.uk
Slimbridge. Tudor Arms. Real ale & good food pub with rooms. Close to WWT. enquiries@thetudorarms.co.uk Tel: 01453 890 306. www.thetudorarms.co.uk
FOREST of DEAN Lovely secluded cottage slps 6. Dogs welcome. Parking. Boar, goshawk, hawfinch, woodcock. 07581302496. AirBnB: Air.tl/hiNQlidY
Hereford. Farmhouse B&B on banks of River Wye. 01432 870223 for brochure or www.sinkgreenfarm.co.uk
Pied/spotted flycatchers, wood warbler, redstart all in residence around this unique holiday home on the edge of ancient oak woodlands on the Herefordshire/Shropshire border. Remote silence perfect for birdsong. Sleeps up to 5 people in a 2-bedroom, lovingly-crafted, oak timber-frame building with underfloor heating, wood-burning stove, camp fire outside. Dark skies ideal for stargazing. Outdoor bath faces panoramic views towards Ludlow. Close to many English Heritage/ National Trust sites. John: 07989 975295. www.cruckbarn.co.uk
Nr Dungeness/Rye, B&B, All Ensuite, RSPB 3 night or more 10% discount. 01797 362381. www.broadacrehotel.co.uk
DUNGENESS: comfortable cottage ideal for RSPB. 2 en suite double bedrooms. Openplan kitchen/dining, large lounge, wood fire, Wi-Fi. Sightings of rare birds. RSPB site next door. www.wiwurri-dungeness.co.uk or annpatriciamcferran@gmail.com
Old Willow Barn
Nr. Boston, Lincolnshire
Period cottage, N Norfolk 1 mile coast. Sleeps 2+2. Quiet village, large garden, private parking, Wi-Fi. 07850 989531. www.churchcottagelangham.co.uk
Cromer. Coach House Studio. Delightful. Sleeps 2. Private courtyard. Large reception. Ideal for exploring N Norfolk, both east & west. Dogs welcome. www.coachhouse.studio
One bed holiday annexe. North Norfolk coastal village. Spotless, quality. Quiet location near NT woods and amenities. 15 mins Cley. Video available. Rlownsworth@gmail.com
Holme next the Sea. Comfortable bungalow near beach, sleeps up to 6. Convenient for Wild Ken Hill, RSPB at Titchwell & Snettisham, and 2 long distance paths. Dogs accepted. davidtuthill28@hotmail.com
Between Blakeney & Cley. S-C annexe slps 2. Garden area, birdsong and parking. Also B&B suite. 01263 740 840
Holiday cottages . Between Boston & Skegness. Ideal for RSPB Freiston Shore, Frampton Marsh & Gibraltar Point. For brochure: crewyardholidaycottages.co.uk 01205 871389
Norfolk coast. Brancaster. Comfortable house slps 10. Reasonable. 07768 333373
WEYBOURNE Two self-catering holiday lets (sleep 4/5 and 6/7) within private nature reserve. Beach 250m. Bird list 251 species! Tel: 01263 588131 www.denmarkhousenorfolk.co.uk
Sedgeford, Perfect for bird-watchers & walkers. Luxury B&B, 2 ensuite dble bedrooms in peaceful location near Titchwell and Wild Ken Hill. Tel 07799 414191. www.norfolkhaybarn.co.uk
Wells-next-the-Sea. ‘The Snug’, a cosy hideaway for 2. Also 1 double room B&B 01328 710594. www.thesnuginwells.co.uk
SHERINGHAM Comfortable, convenient, flint fishermen’s cottage, close to beach, shops and amenities. WiFi. Sleeps 2-5. 01223 834476. sue.hunting@ntlworld.com
Luxury Bed and Breakfast accommodation between Norfolk Broads & Coast. Access to private farmland with Cranes and Marsh Harriers. 01692 598243 www.dairybarns.co.uk
Hunstanton, Cosy 2 bed annexe sleeps 2/3, Great location for beaches RSPB Titchwell and Snettisham, Ken Hill and stunning coastal path. Parking. Open all year. 07432563331. Joannabostrom@hotmail.co.uk www.seahenge.co.uk
Meare. Licensed 4 B&B close to the Moors & Wetland bird reserves. 01458 860449 www.mearemanor.co.uk
Characterful cottages in Exmoor National Park, 1 & 2 bed, set above Exe Valley, close to moors, sea, Wimbleball & Clatworthy reservoirs. Short breaks. weatherhamfarm.co.uk jo@weatherhamfarm.co.uk 01398 310178
Chilton Polden. Lovely 3 bed S/C cottage; sleeps 6 with log burner, private garden and parking. Close to Ham Wall, Greylake, Shapwick & Westhay. www.rosarycottage.co.uk 01293 431175
Shapwick Take advantage of our location, staying in one of our unique luxury cottages. Easy access to Avalon Marshes, RSPB’s Ham Wall & other reserves. 07513 438623. info@wheelwrightscottages.com
Suffolk Somerset (continued)
Swift Cottage, Chilton Polden
4 bed, sleeps 5, open fire, private garden, parking, close to Ham Wall Grey Lake, Somerset Levels & RSPB reserves. 01278 722478
Minsmere 1 mile, Mulleys Cottage, Two B&B rooms ensuite/ one self catering. Quiet village spot. Beautiful country cottage. Two pubs close by. Walking distance to Minsmere. www.mulleyscottage.co.uk Tel: 01728 649036
Ystrad Meurig, Mid Wales Spacious, modern bungalow, sleeps 2, adjacent Cors Caron nature reserve. Excellent birding, walking, touring. WTB No smokers/ pets. Brochure 01974 831471. www.maesgylfinir.co.uk
B&B in Westleton, close to RSPB Minsmere Barn Cottage is in a quiet position in this pretty village, the 3 bedroom well equipped cottage is also available for self catering holidays during most months of the year. Sue Brett, 01728 648700 or 07970 968342 or www.westletonbandb.co.uk
Unique birdwatching cottage near Southwold ☎ 01767 261407
Argyll House Bed & Breakfast Westleton near Minsmere, open all year on the stunning Suffolk Coast. www.argyllhousebnb.co.uk tel 01728 649054 or 07794 873099
Minsmere 1 mile, Mulleys Cottage, two B&B rooms en suite/one double self catering apartment. Quiet village spot. Beautiful country cottage. Two pubs close by. Walking distance to Minsmere. Tel: 01728 649036. www.mulleyscottage.co.uk
Close to Minsmere. Superior 4 Gold Award barn conversions. Both sleep 2. Perfect location for exploring Suffolk Heritage Coast and Heathlands. Weekly/short breaks. 01728 668459. holidaysatprioryfarm.co.uk
Snape. Rose Tree Cottage. Short walk to Snape Maltings; Minsmere 7m; 2 bedroom, sleeps 4, excellent facilities, private garden. www.snape-cottage.com 07957 212118
A short walk to Minsmere or enjoy wildlife from garden. Peaceful cosy cottages in Westleton & Eastbridge. Slp 4; log fires, lge gdns, dogs welcome. 07941 530559. www.suffolkcottages.info
SIBTON WHITE HORSE INN 01728 660337
Rural, peaceful setting 15 minutes from Minsmere. Relaxed, informal, friendly (with no younger children). 5 well appointed rooms with gold comforts. Suffolk dining pub of the year on 7 occasions. 2 AA Rosettes. Family owned and managed for 18 years. www.sibtonwhitehorseinn.co.uk
01243 641661 honeysucklelodge.co.uk
Rural detached 2 b ensuite & wet room. Footpath to Medmerry RSPB Reserve Full central heating.
SOUTH DOWNS
Come and stay on Sullington Manor Farm in Byre Cottages, our self-catering holiday cottages. Walk straight from your doorstep into this unspoilt, family farm in the heart of the Downs… Rare chalk grassland and nature friendly farming makes for beautiful wildlife and birds. For more information on our four cottages: www.sullingtonmanorfarm.co.uk info@sullingtonmanorfarm.co.uk | 01903 745754
Malvern Hills – cosy log cabin on outskirts of lovely village. 2 dble beds, all mod cons, dogs welcome. Private let. Please call Scott on 07768 340 645. www.simplyowners.net use property ID P27668
Cottage for two with own nature reserve in quiet valley next to RSPB reserve, Elan Valley. A very special place for wildlife and birdwatchers. 01597 811169. www.wildlifecottagewales.co.uk
Dave Slater, Professional Birding guide in the beautiful Scottish Highlands. Tours and trips to suit all pockets, from day trips to all-inclusive holidays. Comfortable tour vehicle for up to four people. Call 07955336955 for details. www.birdingecosse.co.uk
BIRD COTTAGE, sleeps 4. Fantastic birdlife, views & walking. Peace & quiet. Close to Kite centre & Elan Valley. Tel John 01483 200079. www.birdcottagewales.co.uk
Dyfi Valley nr RSPB Ynys-Hir (Springwatch) & Dyfi Osprey project. S/c cottage, sleeps 5. Tel: 01654 702952. www.glangwyneddcottage.co.uk
LUXURY COTTAGES Sleep 2–4 bordering Cors Caron NNR. Over 140 recorded bird species. www.cruglasfarmcottages.co.uk
Off grid isolated, large converted barn, mid Wales. Sleeps 4. Ynys-Hir, & Dyfi Osprey nearby. Wild walking & swimming. No children/smokers/pets www.aimwild.co.uk Tel 07761985732
Divers, eagles etc seen nearby www.kongeorn.com
Nethybridge. High standard s/c cottage. Open all year, red squirrels and crests in the garden. Tel: 01479 821803 or email salmonpools@googlemail.com
A holiday in the midst of nature. Stunning cottage in a wild Yorkshire Dales location surrounded by mountain views. Book at www.kingsdalehead.com/stay
Yorkshire Wolds & coast, RSPB Bempton
Stylish 4&5character cottages. Sleeps 2&4. Dog friendly. Short breaks. 01377 255639 www.churchfarmgarton.co.uk
THE BARN, SYCAMORE FARM nr York Cosy 2 bed converted barn. Sleeps 4. Open plan kitchen/lounge. WiFi. Close to Derwent Ings and easy access to Flamborough. 07939 979816
SCOTLAND
Quiet cottage in Cairngorms near Loch Garten Sleeps 4. High up. Mountain views. Bird/wildlife. £290-£620. Tel Peter on 07747 417121. www.upperfinlarigcottages.co.uk
Near Jedburgh. Modern guesthouse in peaceful setting beside Jed Water. Wide variety of birds on doorstep. Pets welcome by arrangement. Own riding stables. AA 01835 863279. www.ferniehirstmill.co.uk
Isle of Mull Luxury 4 S/C just for adults. Abundance of birds & wildlife.
01688 317713 www.hideawaylodges.co.uk
Uninterrupted views perfect for bird watching from both cottage and new lodge. www.denecottage-orkney.co.uk
www.BrodgarCottage.co.uk slps4 avail all year. By RSPB walk in the heart of neolithic Orkney. Brodgar otters on Springwatch. Also available www.pipersquoycottage.co.uk slps6
2+2. Run by a Shetland Nature tour guide & ex RSPB Warden. www.westerbrake.com
Llyn Peninsula near Abersoch Close to Wales Coast path. Static caravan off beaten track. Peaceful location, birds, walking, golf. Beach 5 mins. Dogs welcome. 07811 186969. margery.griffin@gmail.com Y Felinheli/Menai Straits. Close to Anglesey & Snowdonia. Modern cottage, garden, sleeps 2. WTB 07910 095991. trefeddyg.cymru
Abereiddy, Pembrokeshire. Beach, cliffs, coastpath 1/2 m. Traditional stone cottages on farm in peregrine territory, CH, one with log stove, 2 or 4 bedrooms, might suit 3-generation parties. Pets welcome. Brochure 01348 831482
Quaint, rural, coastal cottage on the Llyn Peninsula. Dog friendly. 01758 712565. www.glansoch.co.uk
Cleddau Estuary. Isolated cott on shore, slps 4-8, with boat. brickyard-cottage.co or 01638 742344
Holiday cottages in Llanon, between St Davids & Fishguard Pembs. Slps 2 or 4. Quiet location, lovely coastal walks. Close to RSPB Ramsey Island, Skomer. Details & prices: srsb.shaldonhouse@gmail.com
Cardigan Bay. Spacious 1 bed in 4 acre Forest Garden nr Teifi Marshes. Sleeps 2/4. Dogs & parking. Fab birdlife. 07971 359843. lynnedevey9@gmail.com
Wester Ross, wonderful views. Modernised traditional house on 5 acre croft.
West Wales (continued)
ROSEMOOR COUNTRY COTTAGES
PEMBROKESHIRE COAST NATIONAL PARK
Our warm and comfortable red sandstone cottages provide a spacious home from home, including biomass fuelled central heating, in lovely countryside two miles from the sea at Little Haven, with Skomer nearby. On your doorstep you’ll find the Rosemoor Nature Reserve, with its 5 acre lake, home to otter, wildfowl and kingfisher Peregrine Falcons breed within view of our gardens.
John M. and Jacqui Janssen, Rosemoor, Walwyn’s Castle, Haverfordwest Tel: 01437 781326 rosemoor@walwynscastle.com www.rosemoor.com (with lots of photographs)
Troedyrhiw Holiday Cottages
www.troedyrhiw.com 01239 811564
Northern Ireland
Large 4 bed house between Quoile Pondage Nature Reserve and Strangford Lough. Downpatrick, NI. Stunning views, excellent bird life. Quiet and peaceful. 07801 868314
WILDLIFE HOLIDAYS
Spain
Fabulous Apartment Southern Spain
Views to Gib & Morocco. bushchat.co.uk for details & bird list. 07802 924940
Sail Galicia’s Rias Baixas in north-west Spain
Our sailing cruiser ‘Marta’ sleeps up to 6 in 3 double cabins with 3 bathrooms. Our popular and experienced skipper Tom, a qualified RYA sailing instructor, will ensure you enjoy our 5- and 6-night tours exploring the towns, villages, coast and islands of this wonderful area. 07962 896978. www.spain-sailing.com
CLUBS & GROUPS
Gay Birders Club. LGBT group. 60+ events annually, UK & abroad. www.gbc-online.org.uk
PHOTOGRAPHY
BIRD PHOTOGRAPHY COURSES
Friendly professional help & advice 01483 200079, 07811 341600 www.birdphotographycourses.co.uk
PUBLICATIONS
50 YEARS OF THE WOODLAND TRUST Unearthing the roots of Britain’s woodland conservation movement. FROM LITTLE ACORNS…
“…tells the powerful tale of how it all began.” www.fromlittleacornsbook.co.uk
The Price of Dormice. Oxford nature reserve versus criminally corrupt establishment. A joyous thriller! stevelunn.net
For free brochure and friendly impartial advice
WILDLIFE HOLIDAYS
• The internationally-acclaimed, award-winning Field Centre for the Highlands of Scotland
• All inclusive wildlife holidays with no single supplement
• Brilliant bird watching
• Comfortable accommodation and exceptional food
• Pine marten, red squirrel, beaver and wildcat hides, nature trails and a loch
From charming country cottages to spectacular coastal retreats, we have something for everyone in our collection of beautiful, self-catering holiday homes Our expert local teams are always on hand to help plan your perfect getaway – so why not escape to one of our properties today?
Takeouts
Three things to take away from this issue – and do
1 Make it count
Take part in the world’s largest garden wildlife survey – the RSPB’s annual Big Garden Birdwatch! From 24–26 January 2025, simply spend an hour counting the birds in your garden, from your balcony or in your local green space to help us gain valuable insight into how garden birds are faring. By taking part, you’ll be joining hundreds of thousands of others around the UK in this citizen science survey. Even if you see nothing, that’s still important information, so let us know. Visit www.rspb.org.uk/ birdwatch to sign up. Results will be published in the next issue of this magazine.
3 Support our soil
On page 27, Kathryn Smith explains how important soil is to our environment. And there are lots of opportunities to support it, from celebrating World Soil Day on 5 December to buying Fair to Nature flour at hodmedods.co.uk – you can even help by thinking about your own impact, adopting soil-friendly gardening practices such as creating your own compost and avoiding pesticides. To impact soil health on a wider scale, you can also sign this petition asking the UK Government to invest in nature-friendly farming: rspb.org.uk/farmingpetiton
2 Changes ahead
To dedicate more money and effort to conservation, the RSPB will be changing the way some nature reserves are run. This will likely mean that some reserves will focus primarily on conservation while others will cater for visitors, too. If you are planning a trip to an RSPB nature reserve, please check the details on rspb.org.uk/days-out/ reserves before setting off. If you’re keen to get involved in our wider species conservation work, visit rspb.org.uk/volunteer to learn about the Species Volunteer Network and other opportunities.
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