sa268
music movies & books
163
Behind the Post-Suharto City
Book Review: The Appearances of Memory, Mnemonic Practices of Architecture and Urban Form in Indonesia In his latest book, writer Abidin Kusno explores the relationship between the built environment and political consciousness in Indonesia during the colonial and postcolonial eras. Roy Voragen reviews the Indonesian architectural historian’s ideas. Text and photography by Roy Voragen Book cover courtesy of Duke University Press
Jakarta—for Indonesians: the city of cities— functions like a magnet. Many Indonesians make the big leap to this megacity; much to the dismay of the city’s authorities, and from time to time Governor Fauzi Bowo promises raids to expel those who do not have Jakarta identity cards. Still, people come to the city to try their luck. People move to Jakarta not only because they hope to take part in its economic prowess, people also move to this city because it plays such an important part in Indonesia’s imagination—the city of independence, the city of development, the city of luminous spectacles.
Bandung along the railway tracks. Flyover in Bandung. Bandung Neighbourhood. Taman Anggrek complex in Jakarta.
Cities, like Jakarta, are created by interacting individuals, the spaces and places we construct over time, and the stories we tell and are being told about these spaces and places. A city is no longer a city if devoid of people, people who tell and are told stories about their city. It is thus a mistake to think that the discipline of architecture is merely technical and aesthetic in nature. Architects work within an economic and socio-political context in which they perform their roles. Moreover, their designs give power a form and, in turn, shape power. Spaces and places frame life; the ways we use these spaces and places are framed by the ways we talk about them: technically, aesthetically, morally, politically, economically, etc. Indonesian academic Abdin Kusno, Associate Professor at the University
of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, writes about the interplay between architecture, power, and memory. In 2000, he published Behind the Postcolonial, Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures in Indonesia on this interplay during Sukarno’s Guided Democracy and Suharto’s New Order regimes. And in 2010, he published The Appearances of Memory, Mnemonic Practices of Architecture and Urban Form in Indonesia (“mnemonic” is a device to aid the memory but in Abidin Kusno’s usage, it is related to the power of memory). In all his writings, Abidin Kusno goes back and forth between the past and present to write a history of the present. The present is put into question by tracing the presence of the past in the present. One of his major contributions to urban sociology and related fields is to show that the colonial and postcolonial states are not separate entities that happen to have a territory in common, but rather, are locked-up in different times. Abidin Kusno’s aim is to trace the persistence of the colonial in the postcolonial time. For example, how national subjectivities are created and surveillance techniques are used through urbanism, architectural forms, and discussions on aesthetics and ethics. His second major contribution is to show how architects, intellectuals with particular middleclass backgrounds, stand within society. It was in the late president Suharto’s benefit, for example,