Pooling

visual and physical connections between medical spaces and community spaces increase the accessibility of and positive views of healthcare

natural swimming pool provides physical activity opportunities to community members of all ages

POOLING

SECTION AA’

natural swimming pool serves as a habitat for the endangered Carolina Heelsplitter along with other native species

of water and resources at a health and wellness campus in Indian Land, South Carolina the pool cools the surrounding area in the summer months

‘Pooling’ integrates water collection, filtration, and testing into the health landscape to improve well-being for providers, staff, patients, community members, and the ecosystem. Stormwater passes through a biofiltration pond with native plants and animals that naturally filter the water and allow sedimentation to occur. Then, the water flows through the main hospital courtyard, providing therapeutic benefits and a cooling effect to the users of the space. Finally, the natural swimming pool serves as the main gathering area for both water and the community, as a nearby community center encourages use of the space for recreation, exercise, and community events. The main public spaces, like the public plaza, hospital courtyard, and natural swimming pool follow the flow of the water through the site, highlighting its importance in maintaining crucial

ecosystem services for the area. Most of the clinical spaces are lifted off of the ground floor to minimize the disruption of the site and allow passive ventilation strategies through this clustered public space. Tempering these areas with operable windows and the solar roof also reduces the need for mechanical cooling during the warm, humid summers and results in lower energy consumption and higher cost savings.

A sustainable hospital like ‘Pooling’ will lead by example and hold healthcare systems accountable for their role in meeting the 2030 challenge. It will also serve the fastest growing county in the Charlotte metro area and improve public health metrics. Lancaster county has low rates of discovery routine medical visits and the population struggles with obesity, heart disease, and mental health, but an easily accessible, exciting, community-focused health campus will lower apprehension surrounding medical services and increase community participation. An important part of ‘Pooling’ is the amenities for providers and staff like private outdoor spaces, daylighting, and views that indirectly improve delivery of care. Finally, ‘Pooling’ aims to support the local ecosystem as well through the creation of new aquatic habitats for the Carolina Heelsplitter, an endangered mussel found on site that serves as an indicator species for water quality.

MEDICAL PROVIDERS

LOCAL COMMUNITIES

Almost 60% of all providers have experienced burnout in the past three years.

In Lancaster County, 38% of the population is obese and 63% have trouble accessing healthcare services.

B

633 626

623 626 613

discovery 603

590 583 580 587

574

551 551 551

610

616

623

629

610

606

616

A

610 606

613

629

623

BIOFILTRATION POND

native trees and vegetation

B - 33 ft elevation difference

7.1

B

Change

million dollars lost due to high provider turnover rates in 2021

#1

646

24% of people in Lancaster County recieve routine A medical care

7.1

24%

million dollars lost due to high provider turnover rates in 2021

of people in Lancaster County recieve routine medical care

633 626

623 626 613

603

574

biofiltration pond, bioswales and natural pool

Carolina Heelsplitters, below water

5%

590 583 580 587

A - 105 ft elevation difference fastest-growing of all greenhouse 639 629 623 county in 623 the629 gas 613 emissions 616 616 610 610 606 610 606 Charlotte metro area worldwide are produced by B - 33 ft elevation difference healthcare systems

Resources

#1

5%

fastest-growing county in the Charlotte metro area

of all greenhouse gas emissions worldwide are produced by healthcare systems

collected stormwater runoff

Well-being

perforated pipe

Energy

perforated pipe

Water

Ecosystems

retail spaces

HOSPITAL COURTYARD

3

Resources FP

Hydrobotanica Filttration Pond

CHZ

Energy

substrate filtration

CHZ

iris

Level 1 Hospital Plan 90% of site is pedestrian accessible

Integration

downspouts

NATURAL SWIMMING POOL

fine aggregate and stone pavers

connection to existing neighborhoods

Energy

BB’ DD’

Carolina Heelsplitters, below water water quality testing equipment

million gallons of water collected by the roof annually based on average annual rainfall for Indian Land, SC

50,000 gallon cistern (x6)

thousand gallons of water collected by the roof in a 1000 year storm, as calculated using NOAA data

AA’

natural swimming pool

DD’ AA’

thousand gallons of water collected by the roof in a 12-hour light rain, as calculated using NOAA data

fine aggregate and growing medium

dimensions (in inches) of the downspouts needed for the roof to handle a 1000 year storm, using NOAA data

2 minute walking radius

50% of the site untouched

greenway

17.7 12.6 2.5

CHZ

2 1 3

preserved area

BROWN million gallons of water collected and filtered annually on site by the stormwater system million gallons of water in the swimming pool when full, 71% of all water collected annually million gallons of water evaporate from the pools annually, replaced by water in the cisterns

service ambulance CC’

discovery

Ecosystems

Community

DESIGN FOR ECOSYSTEMS

One of eleven remaining populations of the Carolina Heelsplitter lives on site. ‘Pooling’ creates more intermittent and permanent aquatic habitats with naturally filtered water for the endangered mussel and other native plants and animals.

EconomyBLUE

BLUE

according to the EPA, climate change has caused the southeastern USA tohas according to the EPA, climate change experience a 27% increase in the caused the southeastern USA to amount of heavy precipitation experience a 27% increase in the falling in very heavy events since

amount of heavy precipitation falling in very heavy events

Water

GREEN

GREEN

Ecosystems

while climate change will increase the frequency extreme precipitation while climateofchange will increase the events and prevalence of higher frequency of extreme precipitation temperatures, it is important to also events and prevalence of higher design for the daily conditions

temperatures, it is important to also design for the daily conditions

BROWN Community

BROWN

according to the EPA, climate change has caused theEPA, southeastern USA has according to the climate change to experience an increase in to the caused the southeastern USA average number of days with experience an increase in the average temperatures over 95°F

number of days with temperatures over 95°F

4 Change

1 3

6 2

SITE SECTION CC’

existing intermittent creek

Water

Integration

4

view 1 5

1 Diagnostic and Testing 2 Inpatient Tower 3 Hospital Expansion 4 Central Utility Plant

rain garden

Economy

Integration

DESIGN FOR INTEGRATION

‘Pooling’ combines vertical water collection systems with horizontal, natural water filtration strategies to improve water quality, protect endangered species, provide therapeutic moments, and plan for future extreme precipitation events and droughts due to climate change.

Level 2 Hospital Plan

pool liner

concrete dam with controlled outlet

Economy

GREEN

4

native, filtering plants, above water

therapeutic water feature

community spaces

CHZ - Carolina Heelsplitter zone FP - biofiltration pond water flow

cattails

pipe to therapeutic water feature

native trees and vegetation

highway 521 (to charlotte)

native plants and animals zone

hornwort

native trees and vegetation

2.68 503 77 9x9

Well-being

natural swimming pool

canna lily

solar roof

Community

Six mile Creek

Ecosystems

view 2

pool liner

The stormwater management and filtration system is both a practical solution to site conditions and a key component of healthy and therapeutic spaces. Biofiltration ponds improve the water quality of stormwater runoff from the site and contribute to the health of the Catawba watershed.

highway 521

Water

50,000 gallon cistern (x6)

strip gutter

DESIGN FOR WATER

water lily

Economy

fine aggregate

550ft

Well-being

watercress

sand-based filtration medium

650ft rd lvl

Resources

BLUE

fine aggregate

551 551 551

SECTION BB’

Change

2

stone pavers

solar energy

discovery

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of extreme weather events like 1000 year storms and flash droughts. Inspired by blue-green streets, ‘Pooling’ is prepared for any future precipitation scenarios by implementing blue-green-brown spaces in the hospital courtyard and along the flow of water.

native, filtering plants, above water

downspouts

85 acre site

Change

mixed-use building roofs

639

WATER FLOW POWERED BY SOLAR PROVIDING HEALTHY SPACES FOR THE BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY

discovery

Change DESIGN FOR CHANGEResources

PUBLIC PLAZA

1

A - 105 ft elevation difference

Economy CAROLINA HEELSPLITTERS Experts estimate that there are less than 200 of these freshwater mussels left in the wild.

646

highway 521 (to charlotte)

Hospitals have a significant impact on climate change - five percent of all greenhouse gas emissions worldwide are produced by healthcare systems. In addition, many people find healthcare buildings to be uncomfortable, institutional spaces only to be entered in the case of an emergency. Even healthcare providers find their working environments challenging, and there are record levels of provider burnout and turnover that result in high financial consequences and low patient satisfaction and safety.

surrounding neighborhoods connect to the greenway, encouraging the community to be active participants in the health and wellness campus

3

six mile creek

CC’

public 7

5 6 7 8

Medical Office Building Commercial/Retail Community Center Poolhouse

DESIGN FOR ECONOMY vegetated bioswale

8

Level 3 Hospital Plan

Water

Many design decisions, like the secondary roof, serve multiple functions.

It prevents solar heat gain, collects rainwater to be used in the pools, shelters rooftop mechanical equipment, and integrates a PV array to generate power for the circular water filtration system.

discovery

the greenway connects existing neighborhoods with site amenities

Change

over 50% of the site left untouched

Resources FOR RESOURCES Well-being DESIGN

Energy solar panels 50 miles

terracotta 400 miles

Materials like the steel structure and local terracotta rainscreen cladding that have durability and longevity ensure that the performance of the hospital is supported by easy maintenance. Plenum spaces enable easy future growth or replacement of systems.

a therapeutic water feature provides a positive distraction for patients, families, and providers

VA NC

steel 90 miles

healing gardens connect users and local ecosystems

concrete 15 miles

SC glass 15 miles

landscaping <100 miles

an elevated pedestrian bridge conveniently connects the hospital to retail and commercial spaces

steel

Economy

Water

Ecosystems

Community

Integration

terracotta

interior blinds

Inpatient Room

Corridor

winter sun angle 32° transom summer sun angle 78°

hospital spaces allow for community and family gatherings

shading curtain wall

VIEW 1

discovery FOR DISCOVERYChange DESIGN

Resources

By creating sustainable spaces associated with health and wellbeing that welcome the community, the hospital will encourage an open dialogue with stakeholders. ‘Pooling’ will lead by example to demonstrate the success of sustainable strategies despite the numerous challenges when applied to a rigorous healthcare setting.

Well-being

1880 50% megawatts generated by the rooftop PV array annually

Energy

reduction of solar heat gain with the addition of the secondary roof DETAIL SECTION AA’

locally sourced terracotta baguettes used for shading

solar panels on the secondary roof produce renewable energy

Economy

100% of inpatient rooms have views if landscaped gardens or natural settings

Water

Ecosystems

Community

steel construction along with other locally sourced materials is used for durability and longevity

Integration

reintroducing native plants to the site supports biodiversity and ecosystem health

all direct summer sun blocked by secondary roof and terracotta baguettes

summer sun angle at noon

a panelized curtain wall increases the ease of facade construction and maintenance

discovery

winter sun angle at noon

Change

Resources

Well-being FOR WELL-BEING Energy DESIGN Patient rooms are designed for daylighting and views of nature while moderating solar heat gain. An emphasis is placed on designing private outdoor regenerative spaces for staff to prevent burnout and increase patient satisfaction and safety. In addition, ‘Pooling’ has a greenway system that promotes physical activity by providing the community with a safe place to exercise.

the secondary roof collects rainwater and funnels it into the integrated water collection and filtration system

transom windows allow daylight to penetrate further into interior spaces

rain gardens feature native plants and provide habitats for native animals and insects

a private respite garden for providers reduces medical errors and increases patient safety

Economy

Water

Ecosystems

Community

VIEW 2

16% of people in Lancaster County felt unsafe while exercising

interior courtyards provide daylight to providers, staff, and back-of-house spaces

32’x32’ structural grid creates a modular system that increases labor efficiency and allows future flexibility

the interstitial floor with heat-producing mechanical equipment is located on the northern side to reduce the amount of energy needed to heat the building in the winter

back-of-house corridors utlilize daylighting to support the circadian rhythm of providers and staff

tree-shaded boulevards reduce the heat island effect

Integration

DETAIL SECTION AA’

discovery

Change

Resources

Well-being

Energy

SECTION DD’

rain gardens increase infiltration and recharge aquifers community-accessible public spaces on the ground level encourages the hospital to host community activites

Economy Energy DESIGN FOR ENERGY

Water

Intentional planning that separates conditioned spaces allow for the use of passive ventilation and shading strategies in public spaces.

Enclosure design based on sun movement prevents excessive solar heat gain and a reliance on energy consumption for cooling in a hot, humid climate.

the hospital courtyard serves as an additional water storage area in the case of high precipitation events

100% of hospital public space tempered with passive ventilation, reducing the energy required for cooling

Ecosystems

water collected from the roof added to the site-wide collection and filtration system

Community

pands doors allow for passive ventilation and create indoor-outdoor spaces

the hospital courtyard functions as a dry public space in times of drought

Integration

DESIGN FOR EQUITABLE COMMUNITIES In a community where only 24% of the population have routine medical visits, pairing the hospital with other amenities will increase interest in and accessibility to healthcare for Lancaster County. The community swimming pool also provides a place of recreation and exercise for individuals of all ages.

substrate-filtered water feeds into the cisterns and natural swimming pool

(cisterns used to maintain water levels in the natural swimming pool)

(cisterns recharged for later use)